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Yu X, Kong Q, Wu Y, Li W, Rinchen D, Zhang Z, Shen Q, Luo P. Impact of extraction method on the lipids of Himalayan marmot oil with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2024; 38:e9761. [PMID: 38714820 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Himalayan marmot oil (SPO) has been used for pharmaceutical purposes for centuries, but its composition is still unclear. The bioactivity of SPO highly depends on the techniques used for its processing. This study focused on the comprehensive lipidomics of SPO, especially on the ones derived from dry rendering, wet rendering, cold pressing, and ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction. METHODS We performed lipid profiling of SPO acquired by different extraction methods using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry, and 17 classes of lipids (2 BMPs, 12 LysoPCs, 9 LysoPEs, 41 PCs, 24 PEs, 23 Plasmenyl-PCs, 10 Plasmenyl-PEs, 10 MGs, 63 DGs, 187 TGs, 2 MGDGs, 3 Cer[NDS]s, 22 Cer[NS]s, 2 GlcCer[NS]s, 14 SMs, 14 CEs, and 6 AcylCarnitines) were characterized. RESULTS Fifty-five lipids were differentially altered (VIP > 1.5, p < 0.05) between the extraction techniques, which can be used as potential biomarkers to differentiate SPO extracted by various methods. Additionally, the contents of oleic acid and arachidic acid were abundant in all samples that may suggest their medicinal values and are conducive to in-depth research. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal the alterations of lipid profile and free fatty acid composition in SPO obtained with different extraction methods, providing a theoretical foundation for investigating its important components as functional factors in medicines and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xina Yu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Qingquan Kong
- Orthopaedic Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Orthopaedic Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weilong Li
- Orthopaedic Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dorje Rinchen
- Affiliated Hospital of the Tibet University of Tibetan Medicine, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Qing Shen
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei Luo
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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2
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Carolina Souza Andrada Anconi A, de Jesus Fonseca JL, Antônio Nunes C. A digital image-based colorimetric method for measuring free acidity in edible vegetable oils. Food Chem 2024; 443:138555. [PMID: 38281417 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The standard method used to quantify free acidity (FA) in vegetable oil is neutralization titration, which requires many toxic chemicals and depends on an analyst's experience in detecting endpoints. Here, a digital image colorimetry (DIC) method using a smartphone camera was developed to measure FA in vegetable oils. A cupric acetate solution was used to produce the colorimetric reaction. The coloured solutions were imaged, and R values (from the RGB colour system) were calibrated against the respective FAs in the standards. The FA values of the samples were determined by standard addition calibration. These results were compared to measurements of FA obtained by the standard titrimetric method. An excellent correlation was obtained, with an R2 of 0.98 and a mean absolute error of 0.06%. The chemicals needed for analysis were reduced by approximately 90%. Thus, DIC is a less subjective and more economical method for determining FA in vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Júlia Letícia de Jesus Fonseca
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras, University Campus, Post Office Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Antônio Nunes
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras, University Campus, Post Office Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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3
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Devriendt-Renault Y, Dubocq F, Massat F, Guérin T, Parinet J. Fate of chlordecone during home cooking processes - Transfer into the liquid and aerial phases by conventional thermal processes. Food Chem 2024; 440:138255. [PMID: 38150904 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the fate of chlordecone (CLD) during cooking processes. Neat CLD was subjected to thermogravimetric analysis, which revealed that the vast majority of the compound (79 %) was vaporised at temperatures between 55 and 245 °C. In order to monitor the behaviour of CLD during cooking processes, a QuEChERS extraction protocol was optimised for vegetable cooking oil and a heating kinetics experiment was conducted at 195 °C on CLD-spiked cooking oil. The results showed a strong decrease in CLD over time and, for the first time to our knowledge, transformation of CLD into chlordecol. Finally, a comparison was conducted between the cooking of uncured pork with and without vegetable oil. The use of vegetable oil led to a significant decrease in CLD content, but revealed that a fraction of the CLD transferred into the cooking oil. This study provides data that shed light on the fate of CLD during cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Devriendt-Renault
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France; LDA26, Departmental analytical laboratory of La Drôme, F-26000 Valence, France
| | - Florian Dubocq
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France; University Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, F-94320 Thiais, France
| | - Félix Massat
- LDA26, Departmental analytical laboratory of La Drôme, F-26000 Valence, France
| | - Thierry Guérin
- ANSES, Strategy and Programmes Department, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Julien Parinet
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
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4
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Chen S, Downs ML. Development of a Mass Spectrometry-Based Method for Quantification of Total Cashew Protein in Roasting Oil. J AOAC Int 2024; 107:443-452. [PMID: 38430003 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergen cross-contact during food preparation and production is one of the causes of unintentional allergen presence in packaged foods. However, little is known about allergen cross-contact in shared frying or roasting oil, which prevents the establishment of effective allergen controls and may put allergic individuals at risk. To better understand the quantity of allergen transferred to frying oil and subsequent products, an analytical method is needed for quantifying protein in oil that has been exposed to frying/roasting conditions. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to develop a parallel reaction monitoring LC-MS/MS method to quantify the amount of cashew protein in shared roasting oil. METHODS The sample preparation method was evaluated to improve protein extractability and peptide performance. Four quantitative peptides representing cashew 2S and 11S proteins were selected as targets based on their sensitivity, heat stability, and specificity. A calibration strategy was developed to quantify the amount of total cashew protein in oil. Method performance was evaluated using a heated cashew-in-oil model system. RESULTS The method showed high recovery in oil samples spiked with 100 or 10 parts per million (ppm) total cashew protein heated at 138 or 166°C for 2-30 min. Samples (100 ppm total cashew protein) heated for 30 min had more than 90% recovery when treated at 138°C and more than 50% when heated at 166°C. CONCLUSION The method is fit-for-purpose for the analysis of cashew allergen cross-contact in oil. HIGHLIGHTS A novel MS-based method was developed that can accurately quantify the amount of cashew protein present in heated oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Chen
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Department of Food Science and Technology, 283 Food Innovation Center, 1901 North 21st St, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
- George L. Wright Jr. Center for Biomedical Proteomics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 429 Lester Hall, 651 Colley Ave, Norfolk, VA 23507, United States
| | - Melanie L Downs
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Department of Food Science and Technology, 283 Food Innovation Center, 1901 North 21st St, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
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5
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Duchateau C, Stévigny C, De Braekeleer K, Deconinck E. Characterization of CBD oils, seized on the Belgian market, using infrared spectroscopy: Matrix identification and CBD determination, a proof of concept. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:537-551. [PMID: 37793648 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The availability of cannabidiol (CBD) oil products has increased in recent years. No analytical controls are mandatory for these products leading to uncertainties about composition and quality. In this paper, a methodology was developed to identify the oil matrix and to estimate the CBD content in such samples, using mid-infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy. Different oils were selected based on the information labeled on products and were bought in food stores in order to create a sample set with a variety of matrices. These oils were spiked with CBD to obtain samples with CBD levels from 0% to 20%. The first part of the study was focused on the qualitative analysis of the oil matrix. A classification model, based on Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy, was build using the spiked oils to distinguish between the different oil matrices. For both spectroscopic techniques, the sensitivity, the specificity, the accuracy and the precision were equal to 100%. These models were applied to determine the oil matrix of seized samples. The second part of the study was focused on the quantitative estimation of CBD. After determination of CBD in seized samples using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, partial least square regression (PLS-R) models were built, one for each matrix in the sample set. Both techniques were able to classify unknown oily samples according to their matrix, and although only few samples were available to evaluate the PLS-R models, the approach clearly showed promising results for the estimation of the CBD content in oil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Duchateau
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, RD3, Faculty of Pharmacy, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Medicines and Health Products, Scientific Direction Physical and Chemical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Stévigny
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, RD3, Faculty of Pharmacy, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris De Braekeleer
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, RD3, Faculty of Pharmacy, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Deconinck
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, RD3, Faculty of Pharmacy, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Medicines and Health Products, Scientific Direction Physical and Chemical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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Lindekamp N, Triesch N, Rohn S, Weigel S. Quantification of sixteen cannabinoids in hemp seed edible oils and the influence of thermal processing on cannabinoid contents and profiles. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:550-562. [PMID: 38588664 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2319270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
To investigate cannabinoid content and profiles, 16 cannabinoids were quantified in 30 commercial hemp seed edible oils. In addition, one hemp seed oil was subjected to thermal processing up to 200 °C for up to 60 min. UHPLC-MS/MS was used for analysis. The content of cannabinoids in the samples ranged from 9 to 279 mg kg-1 (sum) and for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) from 0.2 to 6.7 mg kg-1. Three samples exceeded the EU Δ9-THC equivalent maximum levels of 7.5 mg kg-1 for hemp seed oils. Cannabinoid profiles can provide indications of different product characteristics (e.g. degree of processing, variety of plant material). Furthermore, intense thermal processing (200 °C, 60 min) led to 38% decrease in sum cannabinoid content (sum of all analysed cannabinoids in this study), 99% decrease in cannabinoid acids, and 22% increase in Δ9-THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Lindekamp
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja Triesch
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Weigel
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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7
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Strzemski M, Adamec L, Dresler S, Mazurek B, Dubaj K, Stolarczyk P, Feldo M, Płachno BJ. Shoots and Turions of Aquatic Plants as a Source of Fatty Acids. Molecules 2024; 29:2062. [PMID: 38731554 PMCID: PMC11085451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids are essential for human health. Currently, there is a search for alternative sources of fatty acids that could supplement such sources as staple crops or fishes. Turions of aquatic plants accumulate a variety of substances such as starch, free sugars, amino acids, reserve proteins and lipids. Our aim is to see if turions can be a valuable source of fatty acids. METHODS Overwintering shoots and turions of aquatic carnivorous plants were collected. The plant material was extracted with hexane. The oils were analyzed using a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometer. RESULTS The dominant compound in all samples was linolenic acid. The oil content was different in turions and shoots. The oil content of the shoots was higher than that of the turions, but the proportion of fatty acids in the oils from the shoots was low in contrast to the oils from the turions. The turions of Utricularia species were shown to be composed of about 50% fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS The turions of Utricularia species can be used to obtain oil with unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, the high fatty acid content of turions may explain their ability to survive at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Lubomir Adamec
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic;
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Mazurek
- Analytical Department, New Chemical Syntheses Institute, 13A Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego Ave., 24-110 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Dubaj
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Casimir Pulaski Radom University, 27 Boleslawa Chrobrego Str., 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Piotr Stolarczyk
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54 Ave., 31-425 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Bartosz J. Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Liu C, Wang ST, Tan CH, Lin ZE, Lee WJ. Occurrence and risk assessment of glycidyl and 3-monochloropropanediol esters in infant formulas marketed in Taiwan. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:352-364. [PMID: 38422382 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2319271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Glycidyl esters (GEs) and 3-monochloropropanediol esters (3-MCPDEs) are process contaminants commonly found in refined edible oils which are often added to infant formulas. The Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA) launched regulations for GEs in infant formulas that went into effect on 1 July 2021. To investigate levels of GEs and 3-MCPDEs in infant formula powder, 45 products were sampled and analysed during 2020-2021. The contents of GEs and 3-MCPDEs in formulas of different brands significantly varied, but their concentrations in all of the formulas complied with European Union (EU) regulations. Infant formulas containing palm oil had significantly higher 3-MCPDE levels in both extracted oils and milk powder than those without palm oil. Concentrations of GEs and 3-MCPDEs in infant formula powder and extracted oils were significantly lower in products from Europe than those from Australia and New Zealand. Infants aged 0-1 years in Taiwan who consumed only infant formula showed a margin of exposure (MoE) exceeding 25,000. Mean consumer exposures to 3-MCPDEs stayed below the tolerable daily intake (TDI), while high exposures at the 95th percentile (P95) exceeded the TDI by 1.7-fold. Herein, we present the changing trends in the risk assessment results of infant formula across various countries in the decade. Implementation of regulations and mitigation strategy effectively reduced the risk of infants being exposed to GEs and 3-MCPDEs through infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Master Program in Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, ROC
| | - Shang-Ta Wang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, ROC
- Institute of Food Safety and Risk Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, ROC
| | - Choon-Hui Tan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zih-Ee Lin
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, ROC
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9
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Grosso AL, Morozova K, Ferrentino G, Biasioli F, Scampicchio M. Early detection of acrolein precursors in vegetable oils by using proton transfer reaction - mass spectrometry. Talanta 2024; 270:125513. [PMID: 38128278 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein is a toxic volatile compound derived from oxidative processes, that can be formed in foods during storage and cooking. This study employs proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) to detect acrolein precursors in vegetable oils by focusing on the m/z (mass-to-charge ratio) 57. To this purpose, hempseed, sesame, walnut, olive and linseed oils were stored for 168 h at 60 °C in presence of 2,2'-azobis(2-metilpropionitrile) (3 mM) radicals initiator. The evolution of m/z 57 by PTR-MS was also compared with traditional lipid oxidation indicators such as peroxide value, conjugated diene, oxygen consumption and, isothermal calorimetry. The obtained results were explained by the fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity of the oils. Hempseed fresh oil presented a very low total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) intensity (5.6 kncps). Nonetheless, after storage the intensity increased ∼70 times. A principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the potential of m/z 57 to differentiate fresh versus rancid hempseed oil sample. During an autoxidation experiment oils high in linolenic and linoleic acids showed higher m/z 57 emissions and shorter induction times: linseed oil (38 h) > walnut oil (47 h) > hempseed oil (80 h). The m/z 57 emission presented a high correlation coefficient with the total VOC signal (r > 0.95), conjugated dienes and headspace oxygen consumption. A PCA analysis showed a complete separation of the fresh oils on the first component (most significant) with the exception of olive oil. Walnut, hempseed and linseed oil were placed on the extreme right nearby total VOCs and m/z 57. The results obtained highlight the potential of PTR-MS for the early detection of oil autoxidation, serving as a quality control tool for potential acrolein precursor emissions, thereby enhancing food safety in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella L Grosso
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Ksenia Morozova
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrentino
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Food Quality and Nutrition Area, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, S. Michele a/A, Italy
| | - Matteo Scampicchio
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.
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Lagnika L, Avosse SI, Bouraima FO, Sindedji CB, Dakle M, Gueret R, Fort L, Gimbert Y, Napporn TW, Zigah D, Aubouy A, Maisonhaute E. Voltammetric techniques for low-cost on-site routine analysis of thymol in the medicinal plant Ocimum gratissimum. Talanta 2024; 269:125411. [PMID: 38008023 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The composition of essential oils varies according to culture conditions and climate, which induces a need for simple and inexpensive characterization methods close to the place of extraction. This appears particularly important for developing countries. Herein, we develop an analytical strategy to determine the thymol content in Ocimum Gratissimum, a medicinal plant from Benin. The protocol is based on electrochemical techniques (cyclic and square wave voltammetry) implemented with a low cost potentiostat. Thymol is a phenol derivative and was directly oxidized at the electrode surface. We had to resort to submillimolar concentrations (25-300 μM) in order to minimize production of phenol oligomers that passivate the electrode. We worked first on two essential oils and realized that in one of them the thymol concentration was below our detection method. These results were confirmed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we optimized the detection protocol to analyze an infusion made directly from the leaves of the plant. Finally, we studied whether the cost of the electrochemical cell may also be minimized by using pencil lead as working and counter electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifou Lagnika
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Substances Naturelles Bioactives, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
| | - Solange Imelda Avosse
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Substances Naturelles Bioactives, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Faridath Oyélékan Bouraima
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Substances Naturelles Bioactives, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Candide Bidossessi Sindedji
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Substances Naturelles Bioactives, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Mathieu Dakle
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Substances Naturelles Bioactives, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Rodolphe Gueret
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire - DCM UMR 5250, CNRS/Université Grenoble Alpes, UGA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laure Fort
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire - DCM UMR 5250, CNRS/Université Grenoble Alpes, UGA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Gimbert
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire - DCM UMR 5250, CNRS/Université Grenoble Alpes, UGA, 38000 Grenoble, France; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 8232, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris, Cedex5, France
| | - Teko W Napporn
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers, CNRS, F-86073, Poitiers, France
| | - Dodzi Zigah
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers, CNRS, F-86073, Poitiers, France
| | - Agnès Aubouy
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, Toulouse University, IRD, UPS, France; Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin (IRCB), Abomey Calavi, Benin.
| | - Emmanuel Maisonhaute
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris, Cedex5, France.
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Syafri S, Gari Lindo GN, Alen Y, Syofyan S, Hamidi D. GC-MS and ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometric Analysis for Detection and Quantification of White Turmeric ( Curcuma zedoaria) Essential Oils Adulteration. Pak J Biol Sci 2024; 27:160-167. [PMID: 38686738 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.160.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> White turmeric essential oil (WTEO) is known to have high commercial value since it has been used to improve immunological function, increase blood circulation, ease toxin clearance and stimulate digestion. However, there is no standard to regulate the specific characteristics of white turmeric essential oil. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop an analytical technique for WTEO authentication from vegetable oils, namely palm oil (PO), coconut oil (VCO) and soybean oil (SO), using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics, as well as GC-MS spectroscopy. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The WTEO was obtained by hydrodistillation method. Pure WTEO and vegetable oils were scanned in the MIR region (4000-650 cm<sup>1</sup>) of FTIR spectroscopy and the spectra were further analyzed using chemometrics. <b>Results:</b> The extraction yielded 0.103% v/w WTEO, a dark purple color with a specific pungent odor. Discriminant analysis separated pure WTEO and adulterated WTEO with 100% accuracy at wave numbers 4000-650 cm<sup>1</sup>. The best PLS regressions to quantify SO, VCO, PO and concentration in WTEO were at wave numbers 4000-1100, 1400-1050 and 2100-650 cm<sup>1</sup>, respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> The FTIR and chemometrics combination effectively authenticates white turmeric essential oil from any possible adulterants, such as vegetable oil.
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Paśko P, Galanty A, Ramos-Zambrano E, Ayala ALM, Delgado E, Argasińska JG, Zagrodzki P, Podsiadły R, Deutsch J, Gorinstein S. Pseudocereal Oils, Authenticated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and their Chemopreventive Properties. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2024; 79:151-158. [PMID: 38231454 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Amaranth, quinoa, and buckwheat are the representatives of pseudocereals, different parts and by-products of which are used in daily nutrition and food processing industry. However, only scarce information exists on the bioactivity of their oils. Thus, oils obtained from amaranth, buckwheat, and red, yellow, and white quinoa seeds were evaluated in terms of their nutritional (fatty acid profile, squalene), cytotoxic (against normal and neoplastic gastrointestinal, prostate, and skin cells), anti-inflammatory and antiradical (interleukin 6, TNF-alpha, nitric oxide, DPPH, Total phenolics, and superoxide dismutase) potential in the in vitro model. Linoleic (42.9-52.5%) and oleic (22.5-31.1%) acids were the two main unsaturated, while palmitic acid (4.9-18.6%) was the major saturated fatty acid in all evaluated oils. Squalene was identified in all evaluated oils with the highest content in amaranth oil (7.6 g/100 g), and the lowest in buckwheat oil (2.1 g/100 g). The evaluated oils exerted a high direct cytotoxic impact on cancer cells of different origins, but also revealed anti-inflammatory and antiradical potentials. Yellow quinoa oil was the most active, especially toward skin (A375; IC50 6.3 µg/mL), gastrointestinal (HT29 IC50 4.9 µg/mL), and prostate cancer cells (LNCaP IC50 7.6 µg/mL). The observed differences in the activity between the oils from the tested quinoa varieties deserve further studies. High selectivity of the oils was noted, which indicates their safety to normal cells. The obtained results indicate that the oils are good candidates for functional foods with perspective chemopreventive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Emilia Ramos-Zambrano
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec, Mexico
| | | | - Efren Delgado
- Food Science and Technology, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, New Mexico State University, New Mexico, USA
- Center of Excellence in Sustainable Food and Agricultural Systems, New Mexico State University, New Mexico, USA
| | - Joanna Gdula- Argasińska
- Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Zagrodzki
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Robert Podsiadły
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Joseph Deutsch
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shela Gorinstein
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Drakopoulou SK, Kritikou AS, Baessmann C, Thomaidis NS. Untargeted 4D-metabolomics using Trapped Ion Mobility combined with LC-HRMS in extra virgin olive oil adulteration study with lower-quality olive oils. Food Chem 2024; 434:137410. [PMID: 37708573 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is widely established in the field of food authenticity to address demanding issues, such as adulteration cases. Trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) provides an additional analytical dimension, introducing mobility-enhanced metabolomics in four dimensions (4D). In the present work, the potential of LC-TIMS-HRMS as a reliable analytical platform for authenticity studies is being explored, applied in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) adulteration study. An integrated untargeted 4D-metabolomics approach is being implemented to investigate adulteration, with refined olive oils (ROOs) and olive pomace oils (OPOs) set as adulterants. Robust prediction models are built, successfully discriminating authentic EVOOs from adulterated ones and highlighting markers in each group. Noteworthy outcomes are retrieved regarding TIMS added value in LC-HRMS workflows, resulting in a significant increase of metabolic coverage, while, thanks to platform's enhanced sensitivity, detection of adulteration is being achieved down to 1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia K Drakopoulou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia S Kritikou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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14
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Christopoulou NM, Mamoulaki V, Mitsiakou A, Samolada E, Kalogianni DP, Christopoulos TK. Screening Method for the Visual Discrimination of Olive Oil from Other Vegetable Oils by a Multispecies DNA Sensor. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1803-1811. [PMID: 38243913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Olive oil is a prominent agricultural product which, in addition to its nutritional value and unique organoleptic characteristics, offers a variety of health benefits protecting against cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The assessment of olive oil authenticity is an extremely important and challenging process aimed at protecting consumers and producers. The most frequent adulteration involves blending with less expensive and readily available vegetable/seed oils. The methods for adulteration detection, whether based on changes in metabolite profiles or based on DNA markers, require advanced and expensive instrumentation combined with powerful chemometric and statistical tools. To this end, we present a simple, multiplex, and inexpensive screening method based on the development of a multispecies DNA sensor for sample interrogation with the naked eye. It is the first report of a DNA sensor for olive oil adulteration detection with other plant oils. The sensor meets the 2-fold challenge of adulteration detection, i.e., determining whether the olive oil sample is adulterated and identifying the added vegetable oil. We have identified unique, nucleotide variations, which enable the discrimination of seven plant species (olive, corn, sesame, soy, sunflower, almond, and hazelnut). Following a single PCR step, a 20 min multiplex plant-discrimination reaction is performed, and the products are applied directly to the sensing device. The plant species are visualized as red spots using functionalized gold nanoparticles as reporters. The spot position reveals the identity of the plant species. As low as <5-10% of adulterant was detected with particularly good reproducibility and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia-Maria Christopoulou
- Analytical/Bioanalytical Chemistry & Nanotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Mamoulaki
- Analytical/Bioanalytical Chemistry & Nanotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Aglaia Mitsiakou
- Analytical/Bioanalytical Chemistry & Nanotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Eleni Samolada
- Analytical/Bioanalytical Chemistry & Nanotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Despina P Kalogianni
- Analytical/Bioanalytical Chemistry & Nanotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Theodore K Christopoulos
- Analytical/Bioanalytical Chemistry & Nanotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras 26504, Greece
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15
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González-Acedo A, Illescas-Montes R, de Luna-Bertos E, Ruiz C, Ramos-Torrecillas J, García-Martínez O, Melguizo-Rodríguez L. Extra Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds Modulate the Gene Expression of Biomarkers Involved in Fibroblast Proliferation and Differentiation. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:173. [PMID: 38397163 PMCID: PMC10887570 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil phenolic compounds have been identified as possible biostimulant agents against different pathological processes, including alterations in healing processes. However, there is little evidence on the molecular mechanisms involved in this process. The aim was to analyse the effect of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and oleocanthal on fibroblast gene expression. PCR was used to determine the expression of different differentiation markers, extracellular matrix elements, and growth factors in cultured human fibroblasts CCD-1064Sk treated with different doses of hydroxytyrosol (10-5 M and 10-6 M), tyrosol (10-5 M and 10-6 M), and oleocanthal (10-6 M and 10-7 M). After 24 h of hydroxytyrosol treatment, increased expression of connective tissue growth factor, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and their receptors was observed. Tyrosol and olecanthal modulated the expression of FGF and TGFβR1. All phytochemicals tested modified the expression of differentiation markers and extracellular matrix elements, increasing gene expression of actin, fibronectin, decorin, collagen I, and III. Phenolic compounds present in extra virgin olive could have a beneficial effect on tissue regeneration by modulating fibroblast physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel González-Acedo
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, C/Santander, 1, 52005 Melilla, Spain;
| | - Rebeca Illescas-Montes
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.I.-M.); (E.d.L.-B.); (C.R.); (J.R.-T.); (L.M.-R.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Elvira de Luna-Bertos
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.I.-M.); (E.d.L.-B.); (C.R.); (J.R.-T.); (L.M.-R.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.I.-M.); (E.d.L.-B.); (C.R.); (J.R.-T.); (L.M.-R.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), University of Granada, Parque de Tecnológico de la Salud (PTS), Avda. del Conocimiento S/N, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Ramos-Torrecillas
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.I.-M.); (E.d.L.-B.); (C.R.); (J.R.-T.); (L.M.-R.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Olga García-Martínez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.I.-M.); (E.d.L.-B.); (C.R.); (J.R.-T.); (L.M.-R.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.I.-M.); (E.d.L.-B.); (C.R.); (J.R.-T.); (L.M.-R.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
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Mehri F, Heshmati A, Ghane ET, Khazaei M, Mahmudiono T, Fakhri Y. A probabilistic health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in edible vegetable oils consumed in Hamadan, Iran. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:218. [PMID: 38238752 PMCID: PMC10797719 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, potential toxic element (PTEs) including lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium(Cd), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in traditional and industrial edible vegetable oils (peanut, sunflower, olive and sesame) collected from Hamadan, west of Iran were determined using Inductivity Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Besides, probabilistic health risk assessment (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks) was identified via total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) and cancer risk (CR) by the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) model. The ranking of concentration PTEs in traditional and industrial edible vegetable oils was Fe > Zn > As > Pb > Cd. The in all samples, content of PTEs in industrial oils were upper than traditional oils (p < 0.001). The level of PTEs in most of vegetable oils was lower than permissible concentration regulated by Codex and national standard. In term of non-carcinogenic, consumers were at acceptable range (TTHQ < 1) due to ingestion both traditional and industrial vegetable oils content of PTEs. In term of carcinogenic, CR the both adults and children was higher than acceptable range (CR < 1E-6), Hence consumer are at unacceptable risk due to ingestion industrial vegetable oils content of inorganic As. Therefore, it is recommended to implement control plans for PTEs in vegetable oils consumed in Hamadan, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Heshmati
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Elaheh Talebi Ghane
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khazaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo Kampus C, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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17
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Talarico IR, Bartella L, Rocio-Bautista P, Di Donna L, Molina-Diaz A, Garcia-Reyes JF. Paper spray mass spectrometry profiling of olive oil unsaponifiable fraction for commercial categories classification. Talanta 2024; 267:125152. [PMID: 37688893 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
A new method for a fast molecular profiling of olive oil unsaponifiable fraction has been developed. This approach, based on paper spray mass spectrometry, allows obtaining MS data with only a few minutes of analysis and without significant solvent and disposable consumption. Tandem mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry experiments have been performed to identify the main ions detected. The MS data coming from the analyses of sixty-three samples of three different olive oil categories: extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), virgin olive oil (VOO), and pomace olive oil (POO), have been used to test the discriminative potential. Both unsupervised (PCA and HCA) and supervised (kNN and LDA) chemometric procedures have been applied with good results in prediction. The same approach was tested using direct infusion mass spectrometry data to confirm the ability of paper spray fingerprinting to classify different olive oils correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Rosita Talarico
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12/D, Rende, CS, I-87036, Italy; QUASIORA Laboratory, Agrinfra Research Net, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12/D, Rende, CS, I-87036, Italy
| | - Lucia Bartella
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12/D, Rende, CS, I-87036, Italy; QUASIORA Laboratory, Agrinfra Research Net, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12/D, Rende, CS, I-87036, Italy.
| | - Priscilla Rocio-Bautista
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas S/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Leonardo Di Donna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12/D, Rende, CS, I-87036, Italy; QUASIORA Laboratory, Agrinfra Research Net, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12/D, Rende, CS, I-87036, Italy
| | - Antonio Molina-Diaz
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas S/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain; University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan F Garcia-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas S/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain; University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
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Jia C, Lai Q, Zhu Y, Feng J, Dan X, Zhang Y, Long Z, Wu J, Wang Z, Qumu X, Wang R, Wang J. Intergrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the potential regulatory mechanism of unique dihydroxy fatty acid biosynthesis in the seeds of an industrial oilseed crop Orychophragmus violaceus. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:29. [PMID: 38172664 PMCID: PMC10765717 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orychophragmus violaceus is a potentially important industrial oilseed crop due to the two 24-carbon dihydroxy fatty acids (diOH-FA) that was newly identified from its seed oil via a 'discontinuous elongation' process. Although many research efforts have focused on the diOH-FA biosynthesis mechanism and identified the potential co-expressed diacylglycerol acyltranferase (DGAT) gene associated with triacylglycerol (TAG)-polyestolides biosynthesis, the dynamics of metabolic changes during seed development of O. violaceus as well as its associated regulatory network changes are poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, by combining metabolome and transcriptome analysis, we identified that 1,003 metabolites and 22,479 genes were active across four stages of seed development, which were further divided into three main clusters based on the patterns of metabolite accumulation and/or gene expression. Among which, cluster2 was mostly related to diOH-FA biosynthesis pathway. We thus further constructed transcription factor (TF)-structural genes regulatory map for the genes associated with the flavonoids, fatty acids and diOH-FA biosynthesis pathway in this cluster. In particular, several TF families such as bHLH, B3, HD-ZIP, MYB were found to potentially regulate the metabolism associated with the diOH-FA pathway. Among which, multiple candidate TFs with promising potential for increasing the diOH-FA content were identified, and we further traced the evolutionary history of these key genes among species of Brassicaceae. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study provides new insight into the gene resources and potential relevant regulatory mechanisms of diOH-FA biosynthesis uniquely in seeds of O. violaceus, which will help to promote the downstream breeding efforts of this potential oilseed crop and advance the bio-lubricant industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Lai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiman Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuming Dan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqin Long
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiner Qumu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Cáceres A, Cruz SM, de León C, Méndez R. Yield and Chemical Characteristics of Salvia hispanica L. (Chia) Oil from Native Seeds from Four Provenances of Guatemala. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:555-561. [PMID: 37183473 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230512124457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a plant from the Lamiaceae family that has been used as ancestral food, medicine, and oil, with culinary, artistic, and religious purposes by most of the Mesoamerican civilizations. Native from Mesoamerica, introduced into South America, Australia, and Europe, it is presently consumed as a nutritional and functional food. OBJECTIVE This research aims to characterize ancient native cultivars from four provenances in Guatemala to recommend their direct consumption by the population as well as to establish its trade. METHODS Seed samples were collected in four places where they have been cultivated for several generations. The oil was obtained by expression and analyzed chemically by gas chromatography following standard qualitative and quantitative methods. RESULTS Variations in oil yield and some of the characteristic parameters of the phytochemical analysis were obtained. In general, the profile was similar to most of the reported data in the literature, with the saturated fatty acids (8.54-9.25%) relatively lower than the references (7.95-11.45%) but a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty oils, particularly of omega-3 (64.68-68.62%). CONCLUSION The oil from native cultivars contains high quantities of omega-3, which might help pregnant women during gestation and to control other conditions such as metabolic syndrome, particularly in low- and middle-income populations where these seeds are consumed regularly. The suggestion is made to encourage the cultivation and use of these ancestral seeds with the possibility of commercialization abroad with an appellation of origin label.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (Lipronat), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos, Cdad. de Guatemala, 01002, Guatemala
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Farmaya, Guatemala
| | - Sully M Cruz
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (Lipronat), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos, Cdad. de Guatemala, 01002, Guatemala
| | - Claudia de León
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Biológicas, Biomédicas y Biofísicas, Universidad Mariano Gálvez, Cdad. de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Rebeca Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Biológicas, Biomédicas y Biofísicas, Universidad Mariano Gálvez, Cdad. de Guatemala, Guatemala
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Lacomba I, Socas-Hernández C, López A, Pardo O, Yusà V, Beser MI, Marín S, Villalba P, Coscollà C. Levels, patterns and risk assessment of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs through dietary exposure in the Valencian Region (Spain). Food Res Int 2024; 176:113839. [PMID: 38163731 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) levels were measured in representative vegetable oils and animal origin foodstuffs collected in a Total Diet Study carried out in the Valencian Region (Spain). A total amount of 3,300 food samples were collected and grouped into 5 main food groups: vegetable oils, meat and meat products, eggs, milk and dairy products and fish and sea products. The samples were analysed using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). The food group which presented the highest concentration in wet weight (ww) for the sum of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs was fish and sea products (0.5 pg TEQ g-1 ww), whereas meat and meat products (0.6 pg TEQ g-1 lipid) showed the highest levels expressed in lipid terms. Occurrence data of PCDD/F and dl-PCBs were combined with consumption data to estimate the dietary exposure of adults (>15 years) and children (6-15 years). Finally, the estimated weekly intake (EWI) was calculated using a deterministic approach and considering the food consumption of the population, with fish and sea products being the main food group contributor. Likewise, considering the worst-case scenario (Upper Bound, UB), average EWI were 1.8 and 3.4 pg TEQ kg-1 body weight (bw) week-1 for adults and children, respectively. For children, the average EWI was almost twice above the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 2 pg TEQ kg-1 bw week-1 set by EFSA in 2018. In terms of risk characterisation, the overall obtained results showed that 19 % of adults and 43 % of children may exceed the TWI when using UB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Lacomba
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Socas-Hernández
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Antonio López
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Pardo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Vicent Yusà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Isabel Beser
- Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Marín
- Public Health Directorate of Valencia, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Villalba
- Public Health Directorate of Valencia, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
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21
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Sadighara P, Ghanbari R, Mahmudiono T, Kavousi P, Limam I, Fakhri Y. Concentration and probabilistic health risk assessment of benzo(a)pyrene in extra virgin olive oils supplied in Tehran, Iran. Int J Environ Health Res 2024; 34:238-247. [PMID: 36371808 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2144629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One hundred and sixteen samples of extra virgin olive oils (VOOs) from markets of Tehran were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect the amount of benzo (a)pyrene. The values of LOD and LOQ were calculated as 0.03 and 0.05 µg/kg, respectively. The concentration of benzo (a) pyrene was from 0.03 to 0.95 µg/kg. The results indicate that the levels of benzo (a) pyrene are lower than the limits approved. Target Hazard quotient (THQ) and Margin of Exposure (MOE) were estimated. The mean of THQ for adults and children was 0.0006 and 0.0028 and also mean of MOE for adults and children was 43,503 and 9438, respectively. The probabilistic health risk shows that THQ is less than 1 value; hence consumers are not at non-cancer risk. The mean of MOE value for adults was more than 10,000 but for children was less than 10,000. Hence, children are at health risk borderline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Sadighara
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Intissar Limam
- Laboratory of Materials, Treatment and Analysis, National Institute of Research and Physicochemical Analysis, Biotechpole Sidi-Thabet; and High School for Science and Health Techniques of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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22
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Luque-Córdoba D, Ledesma-Escobar CA, Priego-Capote F. Qualitative and quantitative determination of phenols and their metabolites in urine by in-syringe solid-phase extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis for evaluation of virgin olive oil metabolism. Talanta 2024; 266:125029. [PMID: 37549566 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
To know the bioavailability of virgin olive oil (VOO) phenols and its impact on health, it is necessary to determine the levels of phenols excreted in urine. We present here a novel strategy for in-syringe solid-phase extraction and analysis of the extract by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), using ammonium fluoride as ionization agent to enhance sensitivity. This approach allows avoiding additional steps such as solvent evaporation or analytes derivatization. The method can be used with a previous acid hydrolysis for quantitative determination of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol to estimate metabolized phenols. We tested this application by analysis of a cohort of volunteers (n = 20) after a standardized intake of VOO. Additionally, the method can be used as such for metabolite profiling of phenolic derivatives in urine using LC-MS/MS in high-resolution data-independent acquisition (DIA). Information about the phenolic profile of the consumed VOO and the human metabolism is thus obtained. The proposed approach represents a simple and versatile tool for qualitative and quantitative characterization of VOO phenolic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luque-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Chemical Institute for Energy and Environment (IQUEMA), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Frailty & Healthy Ageing, CIBERFES, Carlos III Institute of Health, Spain
| | - C A Ledesma-Escobar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Chemical Institute for Energy and Environment (IQUEMA), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Frailty & Healthy Ageing, CIBERFES, Carlos III Institute of Health, Spain.
| | - F Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Chemical Institute for Energy and Environment (IQUEMA), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Frailty & Healthy Ageing, CIBERFES, Carlos III Institute of Health, Spain.
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23
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Arroyo-Cerezo A, Yang X, Jiménez-Carvelo AM, Pellegrino M, Felicita Savino A, Berzaghi P. Assessment of extra virgin olive oil quality by miniaturized near infrared instruments in a rapid and non-destructive procedure. Food Chem 2024; 430:137043. [PMID: 37541043 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Food fraud in olive oil is a major concern for consumers and authorities due to the health risks and economic impacts. Common frauds include blending with other cheaper non-olive oils, or misleading labelling. The main issue is that legislation and methods presently used in routine laboratories are not always up to date with current fraudulent practices, making detection difficult, so new analytical methods development is required. This study focuses on developing an affordable and non-destructive analysis method based on NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics for EVOO quality assessment, specifically by monitoring 7 parameters of interest in EVOO measured by official methods and used to develop calibrations through NIR data. For this, two NIR low-cost portable instruments were employed, studied in-depth and compared with a NIR benchtop instrument. Calibration results enabled detection of atypical olive oils and excellent accuracy, especially for palmitic and oleic acid predictions, demonstrating the potential of the instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Arroyo-Cerezo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Xueping Yang
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Via Dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Ana M Jiménez-Carvelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Marina Pellegrino
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Via Dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; Laboratorio di Perugia -ICQRF-MASAF, Via della Madonna Alta 138c/d, 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Felicita Savino
- Laboratorio di Perugia -ICQRF-MASAF, Via della Madonna Alta 138c/d, 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Berzaghi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Via Dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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24
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Valencia A, Muñoz AM, Ramos-Escudero M, Chavez KC, Ramos-Escudero F. Carotenoid, Tocopherol, and Volatile Aroma Compounds in Eight Sacha Inchi Seed (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Oil Accessions. J Oleo Sci 2024; 73:665-674. [PMID: 38692890 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sacha inchi seed oil is a food matrix rich in bioactive constituents, mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study, the characteristics of color, carotenoid content, tocopherols, and volatile aroma compounds in eight sacha inchi seed (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil accessions were evaluated. Results showed that the oil obtained from the accessions presented a lightness and chroma of 91 to 98 units and 6 to 10 units respectively, while the hue angle ranged between 93 to 97 units. The total carotenoid content in the different accessions ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 mg/kg, while γ- and δ-tocopherol ranged from 861.6 to 1142 mg/kg and 587 to 717.1 mg/kg. In addition, the total content of tocopherols varied between 1450 and 1856 mg/kg and the δ/γ ratio ranged between 0.58 and 0.70. The oils from the accessions PER000408 (861 µg/kg) and PER000411 (896 µg/kg) were those with the higher volatile concentration, especially 1-hepten-3-ol, 2-nonanol, (E)-3-hexen- 1-ol, (E)-2-hexenal, and 1-hexanol. In this study, the variability of the oil obtained from 8 accessions were observed, from which promising accessions can be selected for continuous investigations of the new sacha inchi seed genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Valencia
- Unidad de Investigación en Nutrición, Salud, Alimentos Funcionales y Nutraceúticos, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (UNUSAN-USIL)
| | - Ana María Muñoz
- Unidad de Investigación en Nutrición, Salud, Alimentos Funcionales y Nutraceúticos, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (UNUSAN-USIL)
- Instituto de Ciencias de los Alimentos y Nutrición, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (ICAN-USIL), Campus Pachacamac, Sección B
| | | | - Keidy Cancino Chavez
- Unidad de Investigación en Nutrición, Salud, Alimentos Funcionales y Nutraceúticos, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (UNUSAN-USIL)
| | - Fernando Ramos-Escudero
- Unidad de Investigación en Nutrición, Salud, Alimentos Funcionales y Nutraceúticos, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (UNUSAN-USIL)
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola
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25
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Jiménez A, Rufo M, Paniagua JM, González-Mohino A, Olegario LS. Authentication of pure and adulterated edible oils using non-destructive ultrasound. Food Chem 2023; 429:136820. [PMID: 37531872 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
At present, the quality of edible oil is evaluated using traditional analysis techniques that are generally destructive. Therefore, efforts are being made to find alternative methods with non-destructive techniques such as Ultrasound. This work aims to confirm the feasibility of non-destructive ultrasonic inspection to characterise and detect fraudulent practices in olive oil due to adulteration with two other edible vegetable oils (sunflower and corn). For this purpose, pulsed ultrasonic signals with a frequency of 2.25 MHz have been used. The samples of pure olive oil were adulterated with the other two in variable percentages between 20% and 80%. Moreover, the viscosity and density values were measured. Both these physicochemical and acoustic parameters were obtained at 24 °C and 30 °C and linearly correlated with each other. The results indicate the sensitivity of the method at all levels of adulteration studied. The responses obtained through the parameters related to the components of velocity, attenuation, and frequency of the ultrasonic waves are complementary to each other. This allows concluding that the classification of pure and adulterated oil samples is possible through non-destructive ultrasonic inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jiménez
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products, School of Technology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - M Rufo
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products, School of Technology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - J M Paniagua
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products, School of Technology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - A González-Mohino
- Department of Food Technology, Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| | - L S Olegario
- Department of Food Technology, Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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26
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Nanou E, Pliatsika N, Couris S. Rapid Authentication and Detection of Olive Oil Adulteration Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. Molecules 2023; 28:7960. [PMID: 38138450 PMCID: PMC10745825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The adulteration of olive oil is a crucial matter for food safety authorities, global organizations, and consumers. To guarantee olive oil authenticity, the European Union (EU) has promoted the labeling of olive oils with the indices of Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Identification (PGI), while food security agencies are also interested in newly emerging technologies capable of operating reliably, fast, and in real-time, either in situ or remotely, for quality control. Among the proposed methods, photonic technologies appear to be suitable and promising for dealing with this issue. In this regard, a laser-based technique, namely, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), assisted via machine learning tools, is proposed for the real-time detection of olive oil adulteration with lower-quality oils (i.e., pomace, soybean, sunflower, and corn oils). The results of the present work demonstrate the high efficiency and potential of the LIBS technique for the rapid detection of olive oil adulteration and the detection of adulterants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Nanou
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.N.); (N.P.)
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Nefeli Pliatsika
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.N.); (N.P.)
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Stelios Couris
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.N.); (N.P.)
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 26504 Patras, Greece
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27
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Zhao Q, Wu J, Lan L, Shahid M, Qasim MU, Yu K, Zhang C, Fan C, Zhou Y. Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of a major QTL for oil content in the seed of Brassica napus. Theor Appl Genet 2023; 136:256. [PMID: 38010528 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE By integrating QTL fine mapping and transcriptomics, a candidate gene responsible for oil content in rapeseed was identified. The gene is anticipated to primarily function in photosynthesis and photosystem metabolism pathways. Brassica napus is one of the most important oil crops in the world, and enhancing seed oil content is an important goal in its genetic improvement. However, the underlying genetic basis for the important trait remains poorly understood in this crop. We previously identified a major locus, OILA5 responsible for seed oil content on chromosome A5 through genome-wide association study. To better understand the genetics of the QTL, we performed fine mapping of OILA5 with a double haploid population and a BC3F2 segregation population consisting of 6227 individuals. We narrowed down the QTL to an approximate 43 kb region with twelve annotated genes, flanked by markers ZDM389 and ZDM337. To unveil the potential candidate gene responsible for OILA5, we integrated fine mapping data with transcriptome profiling using high and low oil content near-isogenic lines. Among the candidate genes, BnaA05G0439400ZS was identified with high expression levels in both seed and silique tissues. This gene exhibited homology with AT3G09840 in Arabidopsis that was annotated as cell division cycle 48. We designed a site-specific marker based on resequencing data and confirmed its effectiveness in both natural and segregating populations. Our comprehensive results provide valuable genetic information not only enhancing our understanding of the genetic control of seed oil content but also novel germplasm for advancing high seed oil content breeding in B. napus and other oil crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Lei Lan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Uzair Qasim
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaidi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuchuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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28
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Ramli NAS, Roslan NA, Abdullah F, Bilal B, Ghazali R, Abd Razak RA, Ahmad Tarmizi AH. Determination of process contaminants 2- and 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters in palm-based glycerol by indirect analysis using GC-MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:1307-1321. [PMID: 37682685 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2255290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Esters of 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol (2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE) and glycidol (GE) are regarded as process contaminants that are found in refined vegetable oils and oil-based foods. Since glycerol is produced during fat splitting, saponification and biodiesel production, it is important to have methods for determining contaminants that might be formed during these processes. Due to the use of glycerol as a food additive, data on the presence of compounds of toxicological concern, including 3-MCPD, are of interest. This study focuses on modifying the indirect analysis of 2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE and GE using GC-MS based on the AOCS Official Method Cd 29a-13, validating the modified method, and quantifying 2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE and GE in glycerol. The AOCS Cd 29a-13 method was modified at the initial stage of sample preparation in which the targeted esters were extracted from glycerol by vortex-assisted extraction before sample analysis. This modification was performed based on the polarity of all compounds involved. The calibration functions for all analytes were fitted to linear regression with R2 above 0.99. Limits of detection (LOD) 0.02, 0.01 and 0.02 mg kg-1 were obtained for 2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE and GE, respectively. Spiked glycerol with 3-MCPDE and 2-MCPDE (0.25, 0.51 and 1.01 mg kg-1) and GE (0.58, 1.16 and 2.32 mg kg-1) were used for recovery and precision measurements. Recoveries of 100-108%, 101-103%, and 93-99% were obtained for 2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE and GE, respectively. Acceptable precision levels with relative standard deviations ranged from 3.3% to 8.3% were obtained for repeatability and intermediate precision. The validated method was successfully applied for the analysis of the target compounds in refined glycerol from commercial plants, which showed that 2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE and GE levels in the analysed samples were below the detection limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli
- Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azmina Roslan
- Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fadzlina Abdullah
- Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bahriah Bilal
- Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Razmah Ghazali
- Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raznim Arni Abd Razak
- Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi
- Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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29
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da Silva BSF, Ferreira NR, Alamar PD, de Melo e Silva T, Pinheiro WBDS, dos Santos LN, Alves CN. FT-MIR-ATR Associated with Chemometrics Methods: A Preliminary Analysis of Deterioration State of Brazil Nut Oil. Molecules 2023; 28:6878. [PMID: 37836721 PMCID: PMC10574611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazil nut oil is highly valued in the food, cosmetic, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries, as well as other sectors of the economy. This work aims to use the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique associated with partial least squares regression (PLSR) and principal component analysis (PCA) to demonstrate that these methods can be used in a prior and rapid analysis in quality control. Natural oils were extracted and stored for chemical analysis. PCA presented two groups regarding the state of degradation, subdivided into super-degraded and partially degraded groups in 99.88% of the explained variance. The applied PLS reported an acidity index (AI) prediction model with root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) = 1.8564, root mean square error of cross-validation (REMSECV) = 4.2641, root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) = 2.1491, R2cal (calibration correlation coefficient) equal to 0.9679, R2val (validation correlation coefficient) equal to 0.8474, and R2pred (prediction correlation coefficient) equal to 0, 8468. The peroxide index (PI) prediction model showed RMSEC = 0.0005, REMSECV = 0.0016, RMSEP = 0.00079, calibration R2 equal to 0.9670, cross-validation R2 equal to 0.7149, and R2 of prediction equal to 0.9099. The physical-chemical analyses identified that five samples fit in the food sector and the others fit in other sectors of the economy. In this way, the preliminary monitoring of the state of degradation was reported, and the prediction models of the peroxide and acidity indexes in Brazil nut oil for quality control were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braian Saimon Frota da Silva
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Pará (PPGQ), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (T.d.M.e.S.); (W.B.d.S.P.); (C.N.A.)
| | - Nelson Rosa Ferreira
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Processes (LABIOTEC), Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (P.D.A.); (L.N.d.S.)
| | - Priscila Domingues Alamar
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Processes (LABIOTEC), Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (P.D.A.); (L.N.d.S.)
| | - Thiago de Melo e Silva
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Pará (PPGQ), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (T.d.M.e.S.); (W.B.d.S.P.); (C.N.A.)
| | | | - Lucely Nogueira dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Processes (LABIOTEC), Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (P.D.A.); (L.N.d.S.)
| | - Cláudio Nahum Alves
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Pará (PPGQ), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (T.d.M.e.S.); (W.B.d.S.P.); (C.N.A.)
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Kozub A, Nikolaichuk H, Przykaza K, Tomaszewska-Gras J, Fornal E. Lipidomic characteristics of three edible cold-pressed oils by LC/Q-TOF for simple quality and authenticity assurance. Food Chem 2023; 415:135761. [PMID: 36881959 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Distinguishing oil samples from each other is challenging but it is crucial for ensuring food quality, and for detecting and preventing the possible adulteration of these products. Lipidomic profiling is believed to provide sufficient information to get fit-to-purpose confidence of oil identification as well as to deliver oil-specific lipid features which could be used as targets for routine authenticity testing of camelina, flax, and hemp oil in food control laboratories. Conducted di- and triacylglycerol profiling by LC/Q-TOFMS yielded successful differentiation of the oils. A marker panel consisting of 27 lipids (both DAGs and TAGs) useful for quality verification and authenticity assurance of the oils was established. Moreover, sunflower, rapeseed, and soybean oils were analysed as potential adulterants. We identified 6 lipid markers (DAGs 34:6, 35:2, 40:1, 40:2, 42:2, and TAG 63:1) which can be used for revealing the adulteration of camelina, hemp, and flax seed oils with these oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kozub
- Department of Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Hanna Nikolaichuk
- Department of Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Kacper Przykaza
- Department of Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Tomaszewska-Gras
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31/33, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Department of Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Rabiej-Kozioł D, Momot-Ruppert M, Stawicka B, Szydłowska-Czerniak A. Health Benefits, Antioxidant Activity, and Sensory Attributes of Selected Cold-Pressed Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:5484. [PMID: 37513356 PMCID: PMC10385027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of cold-pressed oils (CPOs) has continuously increased due to their health-promoting compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), tocopherols, sterols, and polyphenols. This study focused on the estimation and comparison of the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of six CPOs: linseed oil (CPLO), pumpkin oil (CPPO), milk thistle oil (CPMTO), rapeseed oil (CPRO), camelina oil (CPCO), and sunflower oil (CPSO), which are the most popular in the Polish market. These oils were analysed for their fatty acid composition (FAC), their tocopherol, sterol, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), water, and volatile matter (WVM) contents, as well as their antioxidant activity (AA) and oxidative stability parameters. Moreover, quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) was performed to obtain detailed information on the sensory profiles and quantitative data on the CPOs' attributes that affected consumer acceptability and purchase intent. All of the analysed CPOs were rich in PUFA (27.94-68.42%). They were characterised by the different total amounts of health-beneficial compounds, such as tocopherols (TTC = 44.04-76.98 mg/100 g), sterols (TSC = 300-684 mg/100 g), and polyphenols (TPC = 2.93-8.32 mg GA/100 g). Additionally, their AA was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, with results ranging between 185.36-396.63, 958.59-1638.58, and 61.93-119.21 µmol TE/100 g, respectively. However, the deterioration parameters of CPOs, such as peroxide values (PV = 0.24-4.61 meq O2/kg), p-anisidine values (pAnV = 0.39-4.77), acid values (AV = 0.31-2.82 mg KOH/g), and impurity amounts (Σ4PAHs = 1.16-8.76 μg/kg and WVM = 0.020-0.090%), did not exceed the level recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The obtained results indicated that all of the investigated CPOs are valuable sources of health-promoting bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobrochna Rabiej-Kozioł
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (D.R.-K.); (M.M.-R.)
| | - Monika Momot-Ruppert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (D.R.-K.); (M.M.-R.)
- Bunge Polska Sp. z o.o., Niepodległości 42, 88-150 Kruszwica, Poland;
| | - Barbara Stawicka
- Bunge Polska Sp. z o.o., Niepodległości 42, 88-150 Kruszwica, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Szydłowska-Czerniak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (D.R.-K.); (M.M.-R.)
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Hamdy O, Mohammed HS. Post-heating Fluorescence-based Alteration and Adulteration Detection of Extra Virgin Olive Oil. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:1631-1639. [PMID: 36808529 PMCID: PMC10361879 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Olive oils are more expensive compared with other vegetable oils. Therefore, adulterating such expensive oil is prevalent. The traditional methods for olive oil adulteration detection are complex and require pre-analysis sample preparation. Therefore, simple and precise alternative techniques are required. In the present study, the Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique was implemented for detecting alteration and adulteration of olive oil mixed with sunflower or corn oil based on the post-heating emission characteristics. Diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSS, λ = 405 nm) was employed for excitation and the fluorescence emission was detected via an optical fiber connected to a compact spectrometer. The obtained results revealed alterations in the recorded chlorophyll peak intensity due to olive oil heating and adulteration. The correlation of the experimental measurements was evaluated via partial least-squares regression (PLSR) with an R-squared value of 0.95. Moreover, the system performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) with a maximum sensitivity of 93%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Hamdy
- Engineering Applications of Lasers Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Haitham S Mohammed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Torres-Cobos B, Quintanilla-Casas B, Vicario G, Guardiola F, Tres A, Vichi S. Revealing adulterated olive oils by triacylglycerol screening methods: Beyond the official method. Food Chem 2023; 409:135256. [PMID: 36586257 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Official control methods to detect olive oil (OO) adulteration fail to provide satisfactory consumer protection. Thus, faster and more sensitive screening tools are needed to increase their effectiveness. Here, the official method for adulterant detection in OO was compared with three untargeted screening methods based on triacylglycerol analysis using high-throughput (FIA-HESI-HRMS; HT-GC-MS; HPLC-RID) and pattern recognition techniques (PLS-DA). They were assayed on a set of genuine and adulterated samples with a high natural variability (n = 143). The sensitivity of the official method was 1 for high linoleic (HL) blends at ≥2 % but only 0.39 for high oleic (HO) blends at ≥5 %, while specificity was 0.96. The sensitivity of the screening methods in external validation was 0.90-0.99 for the detection of HL and 0.82-0.88 for HO blends. Among them, HT-GC-MS offered the highest sensitivity (0.94) and specificity (0.76), proving to be the most suitable screening tool for OO authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Torres-Cobos
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Campus De l'Alimentació Torribera, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Prat de la Riba, 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Beatriz Quintanilla-Casas
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Campus De l'Alimentació Torribera, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Prat de la Riba, 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Giulia Vicario
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Campus De l'Alimentació Torribera, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Francesc Guardiola
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Campus De l'Alimentació Torribera, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Prat de la Riba, 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Alba Tres
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Campus De l'Alimentació Torribera, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Prat de la Riba, 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Stefania Vichi
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Campus De l'Alimentació Torribera, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av Prat de la Riba, 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
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Devaux J, Mignot M, Rouvière F, François I, Afonso C, Heinisch S. On-line reversed-phase liquid chromatography x supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry: a powerful tool for the characterization of advanced biofuels. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1697:463964. [PMID: 37068402 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Bio-oils obtained by thermochemical or biochemical conversion of biomass represent a promising source of energy to complement fossil fuels, in particular for maritime or air transport for which the use of hydrogen or electricity appears complicated. As these bio-oils are very rich in water and heteroatoms, additional treatments are necessary before they can be used as biofuel. In order to improve the efficiency of these treatments, it is important to have a thorough knowledge of the composition of the bio-oil. The characterization of bio-oils is difficult because they are very complex mixtures with thousands of compounds covering a very wide range of molecular weight and polarity. Due to the high degree of orthogonality between the two chromatographic dimensions, the on-line combination of reversed-phase liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography (on-line RPLC x SFC) can significantly improve the characterization of such complex matrices. The hyphenation was optimized by selecting, in SFC, the stationary phase, the co-solvent, the make-up solvent prior to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and the injection solvent. Additionally, a new interface configuration is described. Quality descriptors such as the occupation of the separation space, the peak shapes and the signal intensity were considered to determine the optimal conditions. The best results were obtained with bare silica, a co-solvent composed of acetonitrile and methanol (50/50, v/v), a make-up solvent composed of methanol (90%) and water (10%) with formic acid (0.1%), an addition of co-solvent through an additional pump for SFC separation in a 2.1 mm column, and an hydro-organic solvent as injection solvent. The optimized setup was used to analyze two microalgae bio-oils: the full bio-oil coming from hydrothermal liquefaction and Soxhlet extraction of microalgae, and the gasoline cut obtained after distillation of the full bio-oil. Results in on-line RPLC x SFC-qTOF were particularly interesting, with very good peak shapes and high reproducibility. Moreover, the high degree of orthogonality for microalgae bio-oils of RPLC and SFC was highlighted by the very large occupation of the separation space. Isomeric profiles of compound families could be obtained in RPLC x SFC-qTOF and many isomers not separated in SFC alone were separated in RPLC and vice versa, thus showing the complementarity of the two chromatographic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Devaux
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69100, France; COBRA, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014, IRCOF 1 rue Tesnière, Mont Saint Aignan 76821, France; International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, Harfleur 76700, France
| | - Mélanie Mignot
- COBRA, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014, IRCOF 1 rue Tesnière, Mont Saint Aignan 76821, France; International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, Harfleur 76700, France
| | - Florent Rouvière
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Isabelle François
- Chromisa Scientific, Schoolstraat 3, Sint-Lievens-Houtem 9520, Belgium
| | - Carlos Afonso
- COBRA, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014, IRCOF 1 rue Tesnière, Mont Saint Aignan 76821, France; International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, Harfleur 76700, France
| | - Sabine Heinisch
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69100, France.
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Shafi A, Farooq U, Akram K, Majeed H, Hakim A, Jayasinghe M. Cucumis melo seed oil: agro-food by-product with natural anti-hyperlipidemic potential. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:1644-1650. [PMID: 36418190 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweet melon (Cucumis melo) seed is generally considered as agro-waste, however, the current study aimed to use this waste as a valuable oil source. The seed oil extracted by two different extraction techniques (cold press and solvent extraction) was investigated for its anti-hyperlipidemic potential. Hyperlipidemic rabbits were fed on the diet supplemented with sweet melon seed oil for 6 weeks (42 days) and thoroughly examined for the change in their lipid profile. RESULTS The blood lipid profile indicated a significant decrease in total cholesterol triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) contents of blood in hyperlipidemic rabbits fed on the diet supplemented with sweet melon seed oils while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) contents showed a noteworthy increase during the study period. CONCLUSION Cucumis melo seed oil can be used to control hyperlipidemia without restricting the intake of lipids in diet. Solvent extraction provided better results regarding extraction yield and product functionality than cold press method. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Shafi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Food Science and Technology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Akram
- Department of Food Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Majeed
- Department of Food Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Hakim
- Department of Computer Science, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Madhura Jayasinghe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Sri Jaywardnepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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36
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Melendreras C, Soldado A, Costa-Fernández JM, López A, Valledor M, Campo JC, Ferrero F. An Affordable NIR Spectroscopic System for Fraud Detection in Olive Oil. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:1728. [PMID: 36772764 PMCID: PMC9920304 DOI: 10.3390/s23031728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Adulterations of olive oil are performed by adding seed oils to this high-quality product, which are cheaper than olive oils. Food safety controls have been established by the European Union to avoid these episodes. Most of these methodologies require expensive equipment, time-consuming procedures, and expert personnel to execute. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology has many applications in the food processing industry. It analyzes food safety and quality parameters along the food chain. Using principal component analysis (PCA), the differences and similarities between olive oil and seed oils (sesame, sunflower, and flax oil) have been evaluated. To quantify the percentage of adulterated seed oil in olive oils, partial least squares (PLS) have been employed. A total of 96 samples of olive oil adulterated with seed oils were prepared. These samples were used to build a spectra library covering various mixtures containing seed oils and olive oil contents. Eighteen chemometric models were developed by combining the first and second derivatives with Standard Normal Variable (SNV) for scatter correction to classify and quantify seed oil adulteration and percentage. The results obtained for all seed oils show excellent coefficients of determination for calibration higher than 0.80. Because the instrumental aspects are not generally sufficiently addressed in the articles, we include a specific section on some key aspects of developing a high-performance and cost-effective NIR spectroscopy solution for fraud detection in olive oil. First, spectroscopy architectures are introduced, especially the Texas Instruments Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology for spectroscopy that has been used in this work. These results demonstrate that the portable prototype can be used as an effective tool to detect food fraud in liquid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candela Melendreras
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Soldado
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Alberto López
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33204 Gijón, Spain
| | - Marta Valledor
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33204 Gijón, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Campo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33204 Gijón, Spain
| | - Francisco Ferrero
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33204 Gijón, Spain
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Custodio-Mendoza JA, Sendón R, de Quirós ARB, Lorenzo RA, Carro AM. Development of a QuEChERS method for simultaneous analysis of 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol monoesters and Glycidyl esters in edible oils and margarine by LC-APCI-MS/MS. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340712. [PMID: 36628717 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A simple, fast and effective direct method based on HPLC-APCI-QqQ-MS/MS has been developed to simultaneously determine four 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol monoesters (3-MCPDE) esterified with palmitic, linoleic, stearic, and oleic acid, and two glycidyl esters (GE) with palmitic and oleic acid in margarine and olive oil using a QuEChERS approach. Factors affecting the efficiency of the extraction process were assessed, including type and amount of salt, extraction solvent, test portion amount, and clean-up sorbent. The analytical method was validated according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines using matrix-matched calibration with internal standards and showed good results in terms of linearity (r2 > 0.9992), accuracy (80<Recovery<120%), and precision (RSD<15%). The method was successfully applied for the first time to 11 margarine samples for simultaneous analysis of 3-MCPDE and GE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Custodio-Mendoza
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosa A Lorenzo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonia M Carro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Materiais (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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38
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Li F, Zhao X, Jiao Y, Duan X, Yu L, Zheng F, Wang X, Wang L, Wang JS, Zhao X, Zhang T, Li W, Zhou J. Exposure assessment of aflatoxins and zearalenone in edible vegetable oils in Shandong, China: health risks posed by mycotoxin immunotoxicity and reproductive toxicity in children. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:3743-3758. [PMID: 35953745 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to aflatoxins (AFs) and zearalenone (ZEA) has not been sufficiently investigated. Here, we analyzed the exposure level and health risks posed by AFs (B1, B2, G1, G2) and ZEA through cooking oil consumption in Shandong, China. The individual daily consumption of cooking oil was calculated through 2745 questionnaires during 2017-2019. The average contamination levels of mycotoxins were estimated by examining 60 cooking oil samples. For the peanut oil, AFs ranged from <0.2 to 274 μg/kg, with a positive rate of 66.6% (20/30). Average levels of 36.62 μg/kg AFB1 and 44.43 μg/kg total AFs were found. Over-the-limit level (20 μg/kg) of AFB1 was detected in 8/30 samples. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and margin of exposure (MOE) for age-stratified population groups showed that children are facing highest adverse health risk with AFB1 (MOE 5.88-6.39). The liver cancer incidences attributable to AFB1 exposure are non-negligible as 0.896, 0.825, and 0.767 cases per 100,000 for 6-14 age group, 15-17 age group, and adult labor-intensive workers. Over-the-limit level (60 μg/kg) ZEA contamination was detected in 25/30 corn oil samples with a 50th percentile value of 97.95 μg/kg. Our health risk assessment suggested significant health risks of enterohepatic (inflammation and cancer), reproductive, and endocrine systems posed by AFs and ZEA. However, the health risk of immunotoxicity is unclear because currently animal study data are not available for the immunotoxicity induced after long-term exposure. In general, the health risks posed by mycotoxins are non-negligible and long-term mycotoxin surveillance is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Li
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xianqi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Room 9307, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yanni Jiao
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xinglan Duan
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Room 9307, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lianlong Yu
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fengjia Zheng
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program and Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Room 9307, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Morais RA, Teixeira GL, Ferreira SRS, Cifuentes A, Block JM. Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Compounds of Native Brazilian Fruits of the Arecaceae Family and Its Potential Applications for Health Promotion. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194009. [PMID: 36235663 PMCID: PMC9571529 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruits from the Arecaceae family, although being rich in bioactive compounds with potential benefits to health, have been underexplored. Studies on their composition, bioactive compounds, and effects of their consumption on health are also scarce. This review presents the composition of macro- and micronutrients, and bioactive compounds of fruits of the Arecaceae family such as bacaba, patawa, juçara, açaí, buriti, buritirana, and butiá. The potential use and reported effects of its consumption on health are also presented. The knowledge of these underutilized fruits is important to encourage production, commercialization, processing, and consumption. It can also stimulate their full use and improve the economy and social condition of the population where these fruits are found. Furthermore, it may help in future research on the composition, health effects, and new product development. Arecaceae fruits presented in this review are currently used as raw materials for producing beverages, candies, jams, popsicles, ice creams, energy drinks, and edible oils. The reported studies show that they are rich in phenolic compounds, carotenoids, anthocyanins, tocopherols, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids. Moreover, the consumption of these compounds has been associated with anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antiobesity, and cardioprotective effects. These fruits have potential to be used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Despite their potential, some of them, such as buritirana and butiá, have been little explored and limited research has been conducted on their composition, biological effects, and applications. Therefore, more detailed investigations on the composition and mechanism of action based on in vitro and/or in vivo studies are needed for fruits from the Arecaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Alves Morais
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil
| | - Gerson Lopes Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil
| | | | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Jane Mara Block
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (J.M.B.)
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Fărcaș AC, Socaci SA, Nemeș SA, Pop OL, Coldea TE, Fogarasi M, Biriș-Dorhoi ES. An Update Regarding the Bioactive Compound of Cereal By-Products: Health Benefits and Potential Applications. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173470. [PMID: 36079730 PMCID: PMC9460243 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal processing generates around 12.9% of all food waste globally. Wheat bran, wheat germ, rice bran, rice germ, corn germ, corn bran, barley bran, and brewery spent grain are just a few examples of wastes that may be exploited to recover bioactive compounds. As a result, a long-term strategy for developing novel food products and ingredients is encouraged. High-value compounds like proteins, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, ferulic acid, and other phenols, tocopherols, or β-glucans are found in cereal by-products. This review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding the bioactive compounds recovered from cereal by-products, emphasizing their functional values and potential human health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Corina Fărcaș
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.F.); (S.A.S.); Tel.: +40-264-596388 (A.C.F.)
| | - Sonia Ancuța Socaci
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.F.); (S.A.S.); Tel.: +40-264-596388 (A.C.F.)
| | - Silvia Amalia Nemeș
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Lelia Pop
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Emilia Coldea
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Melinda Fogarasi
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elena Suzana Biriș-Dorhoi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Jubeen F, Zahra N, Nazli ZIH, Saleemi MK, Aslam F, Naz I, Farhat LB, Saleh A, Alshawwa SZ, Iqbal M. Risk Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Aflatoxin B1 Exposure in Edible Oils. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080547. [PMID: 36006209 PMCID: PMC9415889 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of edible oils with aflatoxins (AFs) is a universal issue due to the detrimental effects of aflatoxins on human health and the fact that edible oils are a major source of fungal growth, particularly storage fungi (Aspergillus sp.). The objective of this study was to assess aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in edible oil used in fried food in order to determine the risk of cancer from AFB1 exposure through cooked food using the FAO/WHO’s and EFSA’s margin of exposure (MOE) quantitative liver cancer risk approaches. Using Mycosep 226 columns and HPLC-FLD, 100 samples of cooking oils (soybean, canola, and sunflower oil) from different food points were analyzed for contamination with aflatoxins. Of all the samples tested, 89% were positive for total aflatoxins and AFB1, with 65% indicating AF concentrations beyond permitted levels. Canola oil was found to contain higher levels of AFB1 and AFs than soybean and sunflower oil. Almost 71 percent of canola oil samples (range of 54.4–281.1 µg/kg) were contaminated with AF levels higher than the proposed limits of the European Union (20 µg/kg). The consumption of canola oil samples used in fried foods had MOE values that were significantly lower as compared to sunflower and soybean oils, indicating that risk reduction is feasible. Additionally, compared to soybean and sunflower oil, canola oil exhibited a greater threat of liver cancer cases linked to AFB1 exposure (17.13 per 100,000 males over 35 and 10.93 per 100,000 females over 35). Using a quantitative liver cancer approach, health risk valuation demonstrated that males and females over the age of 35 are at significant risk of developing liver cancer. The health risk assessment exposed that the males and female over the age of 35 are at considerable risk of liver cancer by using a quantitative liver cancer approach. The innovation of this study lies in the fact that no such study is reported related to liver cancer risk evaluation accompanied with AFB1 exposure from consumed edible oil. As a result, a national strategy must be developed to solve this problem so that edible oil products are subjected to severe regulatory examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Jubeen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nida Zahra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zill-i-Huma Nazli
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad K. Saleemi
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Farheen Aslam
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Iram Naz
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Lamia B. Farhat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et de L’Environnement Pour le Développement Durable LR18ES10, 9 Avenue Dr. Zoheir Sai, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Z. Alshawwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
- Correspondence: mailto:
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Koch M, Mauch T, Riedel J. Development of a Hydrazine-Based Solid-Phase Extraction and Clean-Up Method for Highly Selective Quantification of Zearalenone in Edible Vegetable Oils by HPLC-FLD. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080549. [PMID: 36006211 PMCID: PMC9413969 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid, cost-efficient, and eco-friendly methods are desired today for routine analysis of the Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) in edible vegetable oils. Liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) is commonly used to reliably control the specified ZEN maximum levels, which requires efficient sample clean-up to avoid matrix interferences. Therefore, a highly selective extraction and clean-up method based on reversible covalent hydrazine chemistry (RCHC) using hydrazine-functionalized silica was developed. This efficient solid-phase extraction (SPE) involves reversible hydrazone formation of ZEN with the hydrazine moiety covalently bound to a solid phase. Optimal conditions were achieved with 1 mL SPE cartridges filled with 400 mg of hydrazine-functionalized silica. The developed RCHC-SPE method was validated in an interlaboratory comparison study (ILC) with twelve participants analyzing six edible vegetable oils with a focus on maize oils. The derived method parameters (ZEN recovery 83%, repeatability 7.0%, and reproducibility 18%) meet the performance criteria of Commission Regulation (EC) No 401/2006. The developed RCHC-SPE-based HPLC-FLD method allows the reliable quantification of ZEN in the range of 47–494 µg/kg for different types of edible vegetable oils, also for matrix-reach native oils. Due to the high efficiency, the significantly reduced matrix load helps to extend the lifetime of analytical equipment. Furthermore, the re-useability of the RCHC-SPE cartridges contributes to an eco-friendly approach and reduced analysis costs. To our knowledge, this is the first report on ZEN quantification in edible vegetable oils based on manual RCHC-SPE cartridges. Due to its high performance, the developed RCHC-SPE method is a promising alternative to the current European standard method EN 16924:2017 (HPLC-FLD part).
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Bian X, Wu D, Zhang K, Liu P, Shi H, Tan X, Wang Z. Variational Mode Decomposition Weighted Multiscale Support Vector Regression for Spectral Determination of Rapeseed Oil and Rhizoma Alpiniae Offcinarum Adulterants. Biosensors 2022; 12:bios12080586. [PMID: 36004982 PMCID: PMC9406014 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The accurate prediction of the model is essential for food and herb analysis. In order to exploit the abundance of information embedded in the frequency and time domains, a weighted multiscale support vector regression (SVR) method based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), namely VMD-WMSVR, was proposed for the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectral determination of rapeseed oil adulterants and near-infrared (NIR) spectral quantification of rhizoma alpiniae offcinarum adulterants. In this method, each spectrum is decomposed into K discrete mode components by VMD first. The mode matrix Uk is recombined from the decomposed components, and then, the SVR is used to build sub-models between each Uk and target value. The final prediction is obtained by integrating the predictions of the sub-models by weighted average. The performance of the proposed method was tested with two spectral datasets of adulterated vegetable oils and herbs. Compared with the results from partial least squares (PLS) and SVR, VMD-WMSVR shows potential in model accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (D.W.); (K.Z.); (P.L.); (X.T.); (Z.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization, Shandong Chambroad Holding Group Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256500, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Deyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (D.W.); (K.Z.); (P.L.); (X.T.); (Z.W.)
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (D.W.); (K.Z.); (P.L.); (X.T.); (Z.W.)
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (D.W.); (K.Z.); (P.L.); (X.T.); (Z.W.)
| | - Huibing Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization, Shandong Chambroad Holding Group Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256500, China;
| | - Xiaoyao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (D.W.); (K.Z.); (P.L.); (X.T.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (D.W.); (K.Z.); (P.L.); (X.T.); (Z.W.)
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Alcock TD, Salt DE, Wilson P, Ramsden SJ. More sustainable vegetable oil: Balancing productivity with carbon storage opportunities. Sci Total Environ 2022; 829:154539. [PMID: 35302036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intensive cultivation and post-harvest vegetable oil production stages are major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Variation between production systems and reporting disparity have resulted in discordance in previous emissions estimates. The aim of this study was to assess global systems-wide variation in GHG emissions resulting from palm, soybean, rapeseed and sunflower oil production. Such an analysis is critical to understand the implications of meeting increasing edible oil demand. To achieve this, we performed a unified re-analysis of life cycle input data from diverse palm, soybean, rapeseed, and sunflower oil production systems, from a saturating search of published literature. The resulting dataset reflects almost 6000 producers in 38 countries, and is representative of over 71% of global vegetable oil production. Across all oil crop systems, median GHG emissions were 3.81 kg CO2e per kg refined oil. Crop specific median emissions ranged from 2.49 kg CO2e for rapeseed oil to 4.25 kg CO2e for soybean oil per kg refined oil. Determination of the carbon cost of agricultural land occupation revealed that carbon storage potential in native compared to agricultural land cover drives variation in production GHG emissions, and indicates that expansion of production in low carbon storage potential land, whilst reforesting areas of high carbon storage potential, could reduce net GHG emissions whilst boosting productivity. Nevertheless, there remains considerable scope to improve sustainability within current production systems, including through increasing yields whilst limiting application of inputs with high carbon footprints, and in the case of palm oil through more widespread adoption of methane capture technologies in processing stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Alcock
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK; Crop Physiology, School of Life Sciences - Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - David E Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Paul Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Stephen J Ramsden
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
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Sama H, Traoré DK, Guenné S, Hilou A, Dicko MH. Effect of pedo-climatic conditions on physicochemical characteristics and agro-industrial potential of three native oilseeds fruits from Burkina Faso. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:321. [PMID: 35787259 PMCID: PMC9252079 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants are greatly affected by pedoclimatic conditions. They can alter the physiology of plants and affect seeds agro-morphological and physicochemical characteristics. It is therefore conceivable that tree species which have a potential as oil/fat producing plants are affected by pedoclimatic conditions variability. This study aims to evaluate the effect of pedoclimatic conditions variation on the physicochemical characteristics and the agro-industrial potential of three oilseeds fruits from Burkina Faso: Balanites aegyptiaca, Sclerocarya birrea and Lannea microcarpa. RESULTS A characterization of the size, chemical composition and weight of 100 seeds of the three native oilseeds from Banfora (Sudanian zone), Ouagadougou (Sudano-Sahelian zone) and Ouahigouya (Sahelian zone) was carried out. Results showed that seed size, seed weight and chemical composition varied significantly according to the pedoclimatic zone of the collection significant correlations between seed size, 100-seed weight, total ash and also for seed oil content and moisture have also been revealed. Principal component analysis (PCA) associated increases in seed size and total ash content with high annual rainfall and low temperature areas, while increases in seed oil content were associated with low rainfall and high annual temperature areas. CONCLUSION Seed size and seed weight were associated with high rainfall and low temperature, while high temperature and low rainfall were associated with oil accumulation in the seeds. However, the limit number of replications of physicochemical characteristics analyses, a limitation of the study, does not allow an exhaustive conclusion to be drawn from the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemayoro Sama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Chemistry Applied (LABIOCA), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition, (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, BP 848, Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso.
| | - Dieudonné Kimbié Traoré
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Chemistry Applied (LABIOCA), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Samson Guenné
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Chemistry Applied (LABIOCA), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Adama Hilou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Chemistry Applied (LABIOCA), University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Mamoudou H Dicko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition, (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, BP 848, Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso
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Nasrullah M, Ansar S, Krishnan S, Singh L, Peera SG, Zularisam AW. Electrocoagulation treatment of raw palm oil mill effluent: Optimization process using high current application. Chemosphere 2022; 299:134387. [PMID: 35339529 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the electrocoagulation wastewater treatment process, extremely polluted water treatment requires an effective technique, and using high current is one of those. This study aims to optimize electrocoagulation parameters such as operation time, electrodes gap and the initial pH by applying high current intensity to treat palm oil mill effluent (POME) via Box-Behnken design (BBD) method. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and suspended solids (SS) were used as the response variables in the quadratic polynomial model. Most of the selected models in the analysis of variance (ANOVA) have shown significant results. A high connection between the parameters and dependent variables was surprisingly discovered in this study which the obtained value of R2 for removal percentage of COD, BOD and SS were 0.9975, 0.9984 and 0.9979 respectively. Optimal removal was achieved at 19.07 A of current intensity (equivalent to 542 mA/cm2 of current density), 44.97 min of treatment time, 8.60 mm of inter-electrode distance and 4.37 of pH value, resulted in 97.21%, 99.26% and 99.00% of COD, BOD and SS removal respectively. This optimized scheme of operating parameters combination offers an alternate choice for enhancing the treatment efficiency of POME and also can be a benchmark for other researchers to treat highly polluted wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nasrullah
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sabah Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Santhana Krishnan
- PSU Energy Systems Research Institute, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- Energy Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres, Via Premnager, Dehradun 248007, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Shaik Gouse Peera
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42602, Republic of Korea
| | - A W Zularisam
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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Ganiyu SA, Olurin OT, Morakinyo DO, Olobadola MO, Rabiu JA. Physico-chemical and thermal characteristics of sandy loam soils contaminated by single and mixed pollutants (mineral and vegetable oils). Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:454. [PMID: 35610330 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Samples of contaminated top soil (0-30 cm) and uncontaminated soil (control) from two locations in Precambrian basement complex area were analyzed to assess the effects of single and mixed oil contaminants on the physico-chemical and thermal properties of soils. Pearson's correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to study the interrelationships of the studied parameters as well as variation of studied soil characteristics under the different oil contaminants, respectively. Results showed insignificant impact of pollutant(s) on the textural class of contaminated soils. The highest and lowest mean soil resistivity (SR) values were found in petrol-contaminated and mixed surfactants (shampoo + conditioner) -contaminated soils, respectively. The least values of mean specific heat capacity (SHC), heat capacity (HC), and soil water diffusivity (SWD) were found in soils contaminated by mixed surfactants-contaminants. However, mixed mineral oils (petrol + diesel + engine oil) and mixed vegetable oils (palm oil + groundnut oil) had mean SHC values lower than those of control soils at the two sampling locations. The mixed surfactants-polluted soil is characterized by lowest mean bulk density (BD) and highest mean gravimetric water content (GWC) while lowest mean GWC and highest mean SWD characterized engine oil-contaminated soils. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) result revealed significant variation in % sand at 5% level (p < 0.05) for petroleum-derived contaminants but no significant differences in mean values of all analyzed soil properties under vegetable oil contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ganiyu
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - O T Olurin
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - D O Morakinyo
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - M O Olobadola
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - J A Rabiu
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Kashere, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
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48
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Zhou C, Xu Z, Shi H, Zhang G, Cao W, Xu X. Simple and Rapid Method for the Quantitation of Trace-Level 3-Alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines in Fragrant Vegetable Oils by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:6247-6252. [PMID: 35536735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
3-Alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines (MPs) are characteristic aroma compounds found in fragrant vegetable oils, a type of specially processed oils with enhanced flavor. MP contents in these oils are usually at trace level, which makes their quantification a big challenge. In this work, we describe an optimized approach with a double-step acid/alkali extraction for the analysis of such compounds, namely, 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine, 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine, and 3-sec-butyl-2-methoxypyrazine, in those fragrant oils using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The sample preparation conditions including selections and percentages of acids, alkalis, and extraction solvents, as well as the stability of MPs, were optimized and examined. Method validation was conducted with a good linearity (r2 > 0.999), and average recoveries between 93.9 and 109.3% were achieved. The limit of detection ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 μg/kg, and the relative standard deviations varied from 0.4 to 12.2% for samples spiked with the MPs at different concentrations. Overall, the method satisfactorily meets the requirements for the measurement of trace-level MPs in the fragrant vegetable oils via odor activity value calculation, and the results indicate that the improved acid/alkali extraction method is suitable for the routine analysis of MPs in those vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhou
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Ziyan Xu
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Haiming Shi
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Wenming Cao
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Xuebing Xu
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200137, China
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49
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Ghadimi S, Zhu H, Durbin TD, Cocker DR, Karavalakis G. The impact of hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) on the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from in-use heavy-duty diesel vehicles. Sci Total Environ 2022; 822:153583. [PMID: 35114249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript contains an assessment of tailpipe emissions and secondary aerosol formation from two in-use heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) with different aftertreatment systems when operated with ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) operated on a chassis dynamometer. Secondary aerosol formation was characterized from the HDDVs' diluted exhaust collected and photochemically aged in a 30 m3 mobile atmospheric chamber. Primary nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions were reduced for both vehicles operating on HVO compared to ULSD. For the vehicles with no selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, secondary aerosol production was ~2 times higher for ULSD compared to HVO. The composition of primary aerosol was exclusively organic for the vehicle with no SCR system regardless of fuel type. The composition of secondary aerosol with HVO was primarily organic for the vehicle equipped with diesel particulate filter (DPF)/SCR system; however, when the same vehicle was tested with ULSD, the composition was ~20% organic (80% ammonium nitrate). The results reported here revealed that the in-use vehicle with no-SCR had a non-functioning DPF leading to dramatic increases in secondary aerosol formation when compared to the DPF/SCR vehicle. The high-resolution mass spectra analysis showed that the POA of HVO combustion contained relatively lower portion of CH class compounds (or higher CHO class compounds) compared to ULSD under the similar conditions, which can be rationalized by the higher cetane number of HVO. Substantial growth of oxidized organic aerosol (such as m/z 44 peak) were observed after 5 h of photochemical oxidation, consistent with aged organic aerosols present in the atmosphere. The C4H9+ fragment at m/z 57 peak was used as a tracer to calculate evolution of secondary organic aerosol formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ghadimi
- University of California, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hanwei Zhu
- University of California, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Thomas D Durbin
- University of California, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - David R Cocker
- University of California, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Georgios Karavalakis
- University of California, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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50
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Pandiselvam R, Kaavya R, Martinez Monteagudo SI, Divya V, Jain S, Khanashyam AC, Kothakota A, Prasath VA, Ramesh SV, Sruthi NU, Kumar M, Manikantan MR, Kumar CA, Khaneghah AM, Cozzolino D. Contemporary Developments and Emerging Trends in the Application of Spectroscopy Techniques: A Particular Reference to Coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103250. [PMID: 35630725 PMCID: PMC9147692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of food frauds in coconut-based products is increasing due to higher consumer demands for these products. Rising health consciousness, public awareness and increased concerns about food safety and quality have made authorities and various other certifying agencies focus more on the authentication of coconut products. As the conventional techniques for determining the quality attributes of coconut are destructive and time-consuming, non-destructive testing methods which are accurate, rapid, and easy to perform with no detrimental sampling methods are currently gaining importance. Spectroscopic methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR)spectroscopy, mid-infrared (MIR)spectroscopy, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy (RS) are gaining in importance for determining the oxidative stability of coconut oil, the adulteration of oils, and the detection of harmful additives, pathogens, and toxins in coconut products and are also employed in deducing the interactions in food constituents, and microbial contaminations. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis on the various spectroscopic techniques along with different chemometric approaches for the successful authentication and quality determination of coconut products. The manuscript was prepared by analyzing and compiling the articles that were collected from various databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and ScienceDirect. The spectroscopic techniques in combination with chemometrics were shown to be successful in the authentication of coconut products. RS and NMR spectroscopy techniques proved their utility and accuracy in assessing the changes in coconut oil’s chemical and viscosity profile. FTIR spectroscopy was successfully utilized to analyze the oxidation levels and determine the authenticity of coconut oils. An FT-NIR-based analysis of various coconut samples confirmed the acceptable levels of accuracy in prediction. These non-destructive methods of spectroscopy offer a broad spectrum of applications in food processing industries to detect adulterants. Moreover, the combined chemometrics and spectroscopy detection method is a versatile and accurate measurement for adulterant identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Pandiselvam
- Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671124, Kerala, India;
- Correspondence: or (R.P.); (R.K.); (M.R.M.); (A.M.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Rathnakumar Kaavya
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
- Correspondence: or (R.P.); (R.K.); (M.R.M.); (A.M.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Sergio I. Martinez Monteagudo
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
- Chemical & Materials Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - V. Divya
- School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Surangna Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 12120, Thailand;
| | | | - Anjineyulu Kothakota
- Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India;
| | - V. Arun Prasath
- Department of Food Process Engineering, NIT, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India;
| | - S. V. Ramesh
- Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671124, Kerala, India;
| | - N. U. Sruthi
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India;
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India;
| | - M. R. Manikantan
- Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671124, Kerala, India;
- Correspondence: or (R.P.); (R.K.); (M.R.M.); (A.M.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Chinnaraja Ashok Kumar
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Assurance, College of Food and Dairy Technology, Chennai 600051, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-875, SP, Brazil
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: or (R.P.); (R.K.); (M.R.M.); (A.M.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: or (R.P.); (R.K.); (M.R.M.); (A.M.K.); (D.C.)
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