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Abstract
Bromelain is a major sulfhydryl proteolytic enzyme found in pineapple plants, having multiple activities in many areas of medicine. Due to its low toxicity, high efficiency, high availability, and relative simplicity of acquisition, it is the object of inexhaustible interest of scientists. This review summarizes scientific reports concerning the possible application of bromelain in treating cardiovascular diseases, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis disorders, infectious diseases, inflammation-associated diseases, and many types of cancer. However, for the proper application of such multi-action activities of bromelain, further exploration of the mechanism of its action is needed. It is supposed that the anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective and anti-coagulatory activity of bromelain may become a complementary therapy for COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients. During the irrepressible spread of novel variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, such beneficial properties of this biomolecule might help prevent escalation and the progression of the COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Hikisz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
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Ferreira BA, Toyama D, Henrique-Silva F, Araújo FDA. Recombinant sugarcane cystatin CaneCPI-5 down regulates inflammation and promotes angiogenesis and collagen deposition in a mouse subcutaneous sponge model. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107801. [PMID: 34162162 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cystatins are natural inhibitors of cysteine peptidases that are found practically in all living organisms. CaneCPI-5 is a sugarcane cystatin with inhibitory activity against human cathepsins B, K and L, which are cysteine proteases highly expressed in a variety of pathological conditions, usually marked by persistent inflammation and processing of the extracellular matrix. This work evaluated the effects of daily administration of the recombinant cystatin CaneCPI-5 [0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 μg in 10 μL of Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS)] on the inflammatory, angiogenic and fibrogenic components during chronic inflammatory response induced by subcutaneous sponge implants. The anti-inflammatory effect of treatment with CaneCPI-5 was confirmed by reduction of the levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α, CXCL1 and CCL2/JE/MCP-1, as well as the activity of the myeloperoxidase and n-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. Treatment with CaneCPI-5 promoted angiogenesis in the implants, increasing the production of cytokines VEGF and FGF and the formation of new blood vessels. Finally, the administration of the recombinant cystatin favored the production of the pro-fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β1 and collagen deposition next to the implants. Together, these results show the potential therapeutic application of CaneCPI-5 as an anti-inflammatory agent, capable of favoring angiogenesis and fibrogenesis processes, necessary for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Antonio Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Bioquímica, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Danyelle Toyama
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique-Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Assis Araújo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Abstract
Isolation and utilization of proteins from seaweeds have been a novel trend in the world at present due to the increasing demand for healthy non-animal proteins. The attention of scientific community has been paid on the protein derived from seaweed Undaria pinnatifida due to their high nutritional quality and bioactivity. This article aims to provide an integrated overview on methods of extraction, isolation and purification of U. pinnatifida-derived proteins and composition, nutritional value and potential nutraceutical and food applications with an interest to stimulate further research to optimize the utilization. Potential food applications of U. pinnatifida derived proteins are nutritional components in human diet, food ingredients and additives, alternative meat and meat analogues and animal and fish feed. Excellent antioxidant, antihypertension, anticoagulant, anti-diabetes, antimicrobial and anti-cancer activities possessed by proteins of U. pinnatifida enable the use of these proteins in various nutraceutical applications. A number of studies have been carried out on antioxidant and antihypertensive activities of U. pinnatifida proteins, whereas other bioactivites are yet to be further studied. Hence, more research works are crucial to be done in order to facilitate and promote the emerging novel foods and nutraceuticals, using proteins from seaweed U. pinnatifida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshani Nadeeshani
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amira Hassouna
- School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Discovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
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Grover T, Mishra R, Gulati P, Mohanty A. An insight into biological activities of native cyclotides for potential applications in agriculture and pharmaceutics. Peptides 2021; 135:170430. [PMID: 33096195 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclotides are plant-derived mini-proteins of 28 - 37 amino acids. They have a characteristic head-to-tail cyclic backbone and three disulfide cross-linkages formed by six highly conserved cysteine residues, creating a unique knotted ring structure, known as a cyclic cystine knot (CCK) motif. The CCK topology confers immense stability to cyclotides with resistance to thermal and enzymatic degradation. Native cyclotides are of interest due to their multiple biological activities with several potential applications in agricultural (e.g. biopesticides, antifungal) and pharmaceutical (e.g. anti-HIV, cytotoxic to tumor cells) sectors. The most recent application of insecticidal activity of cyclotides is the commercially available biopesticidal spray known as 'Sero X' for cotton crops. Cyclotides have a general mode of action and their potency of bioactivity is determined through their binding ability, pore formation and disruption of the target biological membranes. Keeping in view the important potential applications of biological activities of cyclotides and the lack of an extensive and analytical compilation of bioactive cyclotides, the present review systematically describes eight major biological activities of the native cyclotides from four angiosperm families viz. Fabaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae, Violaceae. The bioactivities of 94 cytotoxic, 57 antibacterial, 44 hemolytic, 25 antifungal, 21 anti-HIV, 20 nematocidal, 10 insecticidal and 5 molluscicidal cyclotides have been comprehensively elaborated. Further, their distribution in angiosperm families, mode of action and future prospects have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Grover
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Gargi College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Reema Mishra
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Gulati
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Aparajita Mohanty
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Gargi College, University of Delhi, India.
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Margolin EA, Strasser R, Chapman R, Williamson AL, Rybicki EP, Meyers AE. Engineering the Plant Secretory Pathway for the Production of Next-Generation Pharmaceuticals. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:1034-1044. [PMID: 32818443 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Production of biologics in plants, or plant molecular pharming, is a promising protein expression technology that is receiving increasing attention from the pharmaceutical industry. Previously, low expression yields of recombinant proteins and the realization that certain post-translational modifications (PTMs) may not occur optimally limited the widespread acceptance of the technology. However, molecular engineering of the plant secretory pathway is now enabling the production of increasingly complex biomolecules using tailored protein-specific approaches to ensure their maturation. These involve the elimination of undesired processing events, and the introduction of heterologous biosynthetic machinery to support the production of specific target proteins. Here, we discuss recent advances in the production of pharmaceutical proteins in plants, which leverage the unique advantages of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel A Margolin
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Trust Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ros Chapman
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Trust Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edward P Rybicki
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ann E Meyers
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Liu M, Yu S, Wang J, Qiao J, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhao Y. Ginseng protein protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration by inducing mitochondrial unfolded protein response in Drosophila melanogaster PINK1 model of Parkinson's disease. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 247:112213. [PMID: 31562951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Historical literature and pharmacological studies demonstrate that ginseng, one of the most popular herbal medicines in China, holds potential benefits for Parkinson's disease (PD). AIM OF THE STUDY Studies in Drosophila melanogaster (Dm) have highlighted mitochondrial dysfunction upon loss of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) as a central mechanism of PD pathogenesis. Using PINK1B9 mutant Dm, we aimed to explore the therapeutic action of ginseng total protein (GTP) on PD and provide in-depth scientific interpretation about the traditional efficacy of ginseng. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first used gel chromatography to purify GTP and confirmed its molecular weight by SDS-PAGE. Effects of GTP on PINK1B9 mutants, which were supplied with standard diet from larvae to adult stages, were assayed in flies aged 3-6 (I), 10-15 (II), and 20-25 (III) days. Parkinson-like phenotypes were analyzed by evaluating lifespan, dopaminergic neurons, dopamine levels, and locomotor ability. Mitochondrial function was assessed by evaluating ATP production, respirometry, and mitochondrial DNA. In addition, reactive oxygen species were measured using dihydroethidium and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining. PD-related oxidative stress was simulated by paraquat and rotenone, and mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using JC-10 reagent. Protein and mRNA expression was detected by Western blot and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS This study demonstrates for the first time that GTP treatment delays the onset of a Parkinson-like phenotype in PINK1B9 Dm, including prolongation of lifespan and rescue of climbing ability, as well as rescue of the progressive loss of a cluster of dopaminergic neurons in the protocerebral posterior lateral 1 region, which was accompanied by a significant increase of dopamine content in the brain. In addition, GTP notably reduced the penetrance of abnormal wing position, indicating a strong inhibitory effect on indirect flight muscle degeneration. We further showed that GTP could promote maintenance of mitochondrial function and protect mitochondria from PD-associated oxidative stress by activating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). CONCLUSIONS GTP protected against mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration by inducing UPRmt in the Dm PINK1B9 model of PD. Our results suggest that GTP is a promising candidate for PD, and reveal a new mechanism by which ginseng is neuroprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Shiting Yu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Juhui Qiao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Siming Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
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Banasiewicz T, Paszkowski J, Borejsza-Wysocki M, Bobkiewicz A, Pietrzak A, Szczepkowski M, Francuzik W. Efficacy of combined prophylactic therapy (rifaximine alpha + prebiotic arabinogalactan with lactofferin) on GUT function in patients with diagnosed symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease. Pol Przegl Chir 2019; 91:1-8. [PMID: 31481638 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Banasiewicz
- Klinika Chirurgii Ogólnej, Endokrynologicznej i Onkologii Gastroenterologicznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Poznaniu, Poznań
| | - Jacek Paszkowski
- Klinika Chirurgii Ogólnej, Endokrynologicznej i Onkologii Gastroenterologicznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Poznaniu, Poznań
| | - Maciej Borejsza-Wysocki
- Klinika Chirurgii Ogólnej, Endokrynologicznej i Onkologii Gastroenterologicznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Poznaniu, Poznań
| | - Adam Bobkiewicz
- Klinika Chirurgii Ogólnej, Endokrynologicznej i Onkologii Gastroenterologicznej Szpitala Klinicznego im. Heliodora Święcickiego w Poznaniu, Poznań
| | - Anna Pietrzak
- Klinika Gastroenterologii i Hepatologii, Centrum Medyczne Kształcenia Podyplomowego, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie, Warszawa
| | - Marek Szczepkowski
- Klinika Chirurgii Kolorektalnej, Ogólnej i Onkologicznej, Centrum Medycznego Kształcenia Podyplomowego, Warszawa
| | - Wojciech Francuzik
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health
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Yang C, Zhang JJ, Zhang XP, Xiao R, Li PG. Sporamin suppresses growth of xenografted colorectal carcinoma in athymic BALB/c mice by inhibiting liver β-catenin and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3196-3206. [PMID: 31333311 PMCID: PMC6626725 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i25.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy of the digestive tract and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in China. Sporamin, a Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor isolated from sweet potato, is a potential anti-cancer agent with activities against a number of malignant tumor cells in vitro. The liver secretes a myriad of endocrine factors that may facilitate the growth and transformation of tumors in the development of CRC.
AIM To investigate the effects of sporamin on liver morphology and biomarkers of xenografted CRC in the liver of athymic BALB/c mice.
METHODS Twenty-seven male BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into control, vehicle, and sporamin groups. Mice in the latter two groups were intraperitoneally xenografted with LoVo colorectal carcinoma cells and intragastrically infused with saline or sporamin (0.5 g/kg body weight/d), respectively, for 3 wk. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of the sections was performed to observe morphological changes in hepatic tissue and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure the expression of β-catenin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the liver.
RESULTS Sporamin significantly reduced the number and weight of tumor nodules formed in the abdominal cavity. Compared with the vehicle group, the mean tumor weight (± SD) in the sporamin group was significantly reduced (0.44 ± 0.10 g vs 0.26 ± 0.15 g) and the total number of tumors decreased from 93 to 55. HE staining showed that enlargement of the nucleus and synthesis of proteins within hepatocytes, as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells into the liver, were attenuated by sporamin. Immunohistochemical staining and ELISA showed that the concentrations of β-catenin and VEGF in the liver were significantly reduced by sporamin. Compared with the vehicle group, the expression of β-catenin measured in integrated optical density units per area was reduced in the sporamin group (47.29 ± 9.10 vs 26.14 ± 1.72; P = 0.003). Expression of VEGF was also reduced after sporamin intervention from 20.78 ± 2.06 in the vehicle group to 15.80 ± 1.09 in the sporamin group (P = 0.021). Compared with the vehicle group, the concentration of β-catenin decreased from 134.42 ± 22.04 pg/mL to 109.07 ± 9.65 pg/mL after sporamin intervention (P = 0.00002). qPCR indicated that compared to the vehicle group, relative mRNA expression of β-catenin and VEGF in the liver of mice in the sporamin-treated group was significantly reduced to 71% ± 1% (P = 0.000001) and 23% ± 7% (P = 0.00002), respectively, of the vehicle group levels.
CONCLUSION Sporamin down-regulates the expression and secretion of β-catenin and VEGF in the liver, which subsequently inhibits the transcription of downstream genes involved in cancer progression and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing-Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Peng-Gao Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
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Fernández-Tomé S, Hernández-Ledesma B. Current state of art after twenty years of the discovery of bioactive peptide lunasin. Food Res Int 2019; 116:71-78. [PMID: 30716999 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases have become the medical challenge of the 21st century because of their high incidence and mortality rates. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the modulation of diet and other lifestyle habits is the best strategy for the prevention of these diseases. An increasing number of dietary compounds have been found to exert health promoting benefits beyond their nutritional effects. Among them, lunasin is considered one of the most studied bioactive peptides. Since its discovery in soybean twenty years ago, many researchers around the world have focused their studies on demonstrating the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity of lunasin. Moreover, in the last years, promising protective effects of this peptide against hypercholesterolemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome and associated cardiovascular disorders, and inflammatory and immune-regulated diseases have been described. This review summarizes recent remarkable advances on the use of peptide lunasin as a potential functional ingredient to provide health benefits. Moreover, novel aspects related to the influence of lunasin's digestion and bioavailability, the mechanisms of action proposed to explain the underlying biological properties, and the incorporation of this peptide into nutritional supplements are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fernández-Tomé
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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Gunaratna NS, Moges D, De Groote H. Biofortified Maize Can Improve Quality Protein Intakes among Young Children in Southern Ethiopia. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010192. [PMID: 30669313 PMCID: PMC6356635 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Quality protein maize (QPM) varieties are biofortified, or nutritionally improved, to have higher lysine and tryptophan levels to increase quality protein intakes particularly among young children. This study assesses adequacy of children’s protein intakes in Ethiopia, where QPM is being promoted, accounting for protein quality and seasonal dietary changes, and estimates potential increases in intakes if QPM replaced conventional maize in diets. Diets of randomly sampled children aged 12–36 months in rural southern Ethiopia (n = 218) were assessed after harvest during relative food security and 3–4 months later during relative food insecurity using 24-h weighed food records. Diets were analyzed for protein adequacy, accounting for protein quality using the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) method, and potential improvements from QPM substitution were estimated. Stunting was prevalent (38%) at the first assessment. Across seasons, 95–96% of children consumed maize, which provided 59–61% of energy and 51–55% of total protein in 24 h. Dietary intakes decreased in the food insecure season, though children were older. Among children no longer breastfeeding, QPM was estimated to reduce inadequacy of utilizable protein intakes from 17% to 13% in the food secure season and from 34% to 19% in the food insecure season. However, breastfed children had only 4–6% inadequate intakes of utilizable protein, limiting QPM’s potential impact. Due to small farm sizes, maize stores from home production lasted a median of three months. Young Ethiopian children are at risk of inadequate quality protein intakes, particularly after breastfeeding has ceased and during food insecurity. QPM could reduce this risk; however, reliance on access through home production may result in only short-term benefits given the limited quantities of maize produced and stored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilupa S Gunaratna
- Department of Nutrition Science and Public Health Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Debebe Moges
- Applied Human Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
| | - Hugo De Groote
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Lee MK, Choi JW, Choi YH, Nam TJ. Pyropia yezoensis Protein Prevents Dexamethasone-Induced Myotube Atrophy in C2C12 Myotubes. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120497. [PMID: 30544821 PMCID: PMC6316211 DOI: 10.3390/md16120497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), which are endocrine hormones released under stress conditions, can cause skeletal muscle atrophy. This study investigated whether Pyropia yezoensis crude protein (PYCP) inhibits synthetic GCs dexamethasone (DEX)-induced myotube atrophy associated with proteolytic systems. Mouse skeletal muscle C2C12 myotubes were treated with DEX in the presence or absence of PYCP. DEX exposure (100 μM) for 24 h significantly decreased myotube diameter and myogenin expression, which were all increased by treatment with 20 and 40 μg/mL PYCP. Additionally, PYCP significantly reduced the nuclear expression of the forkhead box transcription factors, FoxO1 and FoxO3a, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway activation. Further mechanistic research revealed that PYCP inhibited the autophagy-lysosome pathway in DEX-induced C2C12 myotubes. These findings indicate that PYCP prevents DEX-induced myotube atrophy through the regulation of FoxO transcription factors, followed by the inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways. Therefore, we suggest that inhibiting these two proteolytic processes with FoxO transcription factors is a promising strategy for preventing DEX-related myotube atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyeong Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Wook Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea.
| | - Youn Hee Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea.
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials & Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
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Khalid R, Jaffar Q, Tayyeb A, Qaisar U. Peganum harmalapeptides (PhAMP) impede bacterial growth and biofilm formation in burn and surgical wound pathogens. Pak J Pharm Sci 2018; 31:2597-2605. [PMID: 30587467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many clinical-pathogens have developed resistance against known antibiotics and there is an urgent need for the discovery of novel antibiotics. In this study, low molecular weight peptides were isolated from seeds/leaves of 20 medicinal plants and tested for their antibacterial activity against laboratory strains of S. aureusand P. aeruginosa. Peptides isolated from Peganum harmala (PhAMP) exhibited maximum activity against laboratory strains. As clinical-isolates are more virulent and resistant to antibiotics, we tested the potential of PhAMP on these bacterial strains isolated from infected wounds. Pathogens isolated from burn-wounds (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae) and surgical-wounds (P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae) exhibited zones of inhibition against PhAMP when tested by disc diffusion method. Biofilm formation of wound pathogens in the presence/absence of PhAMP was analyzed to check its effect. Surgical-wound pathogens and K. pneumoniae from burn-wound showed significant reduction in biofilm formation and planktonic bacteria. While biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from burn-wound showed resistance against PhAMP. An effective antibiotic treatment should not only inhibit but should also disrupt already developed biofilms. PhAMP was very effective in the disruption of developed biofilm of all pathogens after 36 hours. This data unravels the potential of PhAMP as a novel, natural antibiotic against clinical-pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Khalid
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaide Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qudsia Jaffar
- Biochemistry Department, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asima Tayyeb
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaide Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Qaisar
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaide Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Feng L, Wang X, Peng F, Liao J, Nai Y, Lei H, Li M, Xu H. Walnut Protein Hydrolysates Play a Protective Role on Neurotoxicity Induced by d-Galactose and Aluminum Chloride in Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:E2308. [PMID: 30201912 PMCID: PMC6225279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with an increase in the aging population, neurodegenerative diseases have attracted more and more attention. This study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of defatted walnut meal protein hydrolysates (DWMPH) on neurotoxicity induced by d-galactose (d-gal) and aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) in mice. The animal models were established by combining treatments with d-gal (200 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) and AlCl₃ (100 mg/kg in drinking water) for 90 days. During the 90 days, 1 g/kg of DWMPH was administrated orally every day. The results indicated that DWMPH treatment alleviated oxidative stress, reversed cholinergic dysfunction, and suppressed the release of proinflammatory cytokines in the brains of d-gal + AlCl₃-treated mice, and thus improving the learning and memory functions of these mice, which was closely correlated with the strong antioxidant activity of DWMPH. This finding suggests that DWMPH might be a promising dietary supplement in improving neuronal dysfunctions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Fei Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jianqiao Liao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yifan Nai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hongjie Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Mei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Huaide Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Perfecto A, Rodriguez-Ramiro I, Rodriguez-Celma J, Sharp P, Balk J, Fairweather-Tait S. Pea Ferritin Stability under Gastric pH Conditions Determines the Mechanism of Iron Uptake in Caco-2 Cells. J Nutr 2018; 148:1229-1235. [PMID: 29939292 PMCID: PMC6074850 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iron deficiency is an enduring global health problem that requires new remedial approaches. Iron absorption from soybean-derived ferritin, an ∼550-kDa iron storage protein, is comparable to bioavailable ferrous sulfate (FeSO4). However, the absorption of ferritin is reported to involve an endocytic mechanism, independent of divalent metal ion transporter 1 (DMT-1), the transporter for nonheme iron. Objective Our overall aim was to examine the potential of purified ferritin from peas (Pisum sativum) as a food supplement by measuring its stability under gastric pH treatment and the mechanisms of iron uptake into Caco-2 cells. Methods Caco-2 cells were treated with native or gastric pH-treated pea ferritin in combination with dietary modulators of nonheme iron uptake, small interfering RNA targeting DMT-1, or chemical inhibitors of endocytosis. Cellular ferritin formation, a surrogate measure of iron uptake, and internalization of pea ferritin with the use of specific antibodies were measured. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to equimolar concentrations of native pea ferritin and FeSO4 was also compared. Results Pea ferritin exposed to gastric pH treatment was degraded, and the released iron was transported into Caco-2 cells by DMT-1. Inhibitors of DMT-1 and nonheme iron absorption reduced iron uptake by 26-40%. Conversely, in the absence of gastric pH treatment, the iron uptake of native pea ferritin was unaffected by inhibitors of nonheme iron absorption, and the protein was observed to be internalized in Caco-2 cells. Chlorpromazine (clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor) reduced the native pea ferritin content within cells by ∼30%, which confirmed that the native pea ferritin was transported into cells via a clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway. In addition, 60% less ROS production resulted from native pea ferritin in comparison to FeSO4. Conclusion With consideration that nonheme dietary inhibitors display no effect on iron uptake and the low oxidative potential relative to FeSO4, intact pea ferritin appears to be a promising iron supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Perfecto
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jorge Rodriguez-Celma
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Center, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sharp
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janneke Balk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Center, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Figueira TN, Oliveira FD, Almeida I, Mello ÉO, Gomes VM, Castanho MARB, Gaspar D. Challenging metastatic breast cancer with the natural defensin PvD 1. Nanoscale 2017; 9:16887-16899. [PMID: 29076508 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05872a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is a very serious life threatening condition that poses many challenges for the pharmaceutical development of effective chemotherapeutics. As the therapeutics targeted to the localized masses in breast improve, metastatic lesions in the brain slowly increase in their incidence compromising successful treatment outcomes overall. The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) is one important obstacle for the management of breast cancer brain metastases. New therapeutic approaches are in demand for overcoming the BBB's breaching by breast tumor cells. In this work we demonstrate the potential dual role of a natural antimicrobial plant defensin, PvD1: it interferes with the formation of solid tumors in the breast and concomitantly controls adhesion of breast cancer cells to human brain endothelial cells. We have used a combination of techniques that probe PvD1's effect at the single cell level and reveal that this peptide can effectively damage breast tumor cells, leaving healthy breast and brain cells unaffected. Results suggest that PvD1 quickly internalizes in cancer cells but remains located in the membrane of normal cells with no significant damage to its structure and biomechanical properties. These interactions in turn modulate cell adhesiveness between tumor and BBB cells. PvD1 is a potential template for the design of innovative pharmacological approaches for metastatic breast cancer treatment: the manipulation of the biomechanical properties of tumor cells that ultimately prevent their attachment to the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago N Figueira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal.
| | - Filipa D Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal.
| | - Inês Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal.
| | - Érica O Mello
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos do Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Valdirene M Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos do Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal.
| | - Diana Gaspar
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal.
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Twardziok M, Meierhofer D, Börno S, Timmermann B, Jäger S, Boral S, Eggert A, Delebinski CI, Seifert G. Transcriptomic and proteomic insight into the effects of a defined European mistletoe extract in Ewing sarcoma cells reveals cellular stress responses. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:237. [PMID: 28454538 PMCID: PMC5410041 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hydrophobic triterpenes, oleanolic and betulinic acid as well as the hydrophilic mistletoe lectins and viscotoxins possess anticancer properties. They do all occur in combination in European mistletoe (Viscum album L.). Commercial Viscum album L. extracts are aqueous, excluding the insoluble triterpenes. We have previously shown that mistletoe lectins and triterpene acids are effective against Ewing sarcoma in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. METHODS We recreated a total mistletoe effect (viscumTT) by combining an aqueous extract (viscum) and a triterpene extract (TT) solubilised with cyclodextrins and analysed the effects of viscumTT and the single extracts on TC-71 Ewing sarcoma cells in vitro by transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. RESULTS Treatment with the extracts strongly impacted Ewing sarcoma cell gene and protein expression. Apoptosis-associated and stress-activated genes were upregulated, proteasomal protein abundance enhanced and ribosomal and spliceosomal proteins downregulated. The mechanism of action of viscum, TT and viscumTT in TC-71 and MHH-ES-1 cells suggests the involvement of the unfolded protein response. While viscum and viscumTT extract treatment indicate response to oxidative stress and activation of stress-mediated MAPK signalling, TT extract treatment suggests the involvement of TLR signalling and autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Since the combinatory extract viscumTT exerts highly effective pro-apoptotic effects on Ewing sarcoma cells in vitro, this phytopolychemotherapy could be a promising adjuvant therapeutic option for paediatric patients with Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Twardziok
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Hematology, Otto Heubner Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine (OHC), Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - D Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Börno
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Timmermann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Jäger
- Birken AG, Niefern-Oeschelbronn, Germany
| | - Sengül Boral
- Department of Pathology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Eggert
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Hematology, Otto Heubner Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine (OHC), Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - C I Delebinski
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Hematology, Otto Heubner Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine (OHC), Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Seifert
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Hematology, Otto Heubner Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine (OHC), Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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Lo HY, Li TC, Yang TY, Li CC, Chiang JH, Hsiang CY, Ho TY. Hypoglycemic effects of Trichosanthes kirilowii and its protein constituent in diabetic mice: the involvement of insulin receptor pathway. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:53. [PMID: 28100206 PMCID: PMC5242006 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a serious chronic metabolic disorder. Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. (TK) is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the clinical application of TK on diabetic patients and the hypoglycemic efficacies of TK are still unclear. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the usage of Chinese herbs in patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. Glucose tolerance test was performed to analyze the hypoglycemic effect of TK. Proteomic approach was performed to identify the protein constituents of TK. Insulin receptor (IR) kinase activity assay and glucose tolerance tests in diabetic mice were further used to elucidate the hypoglycemic mechanisms and efficacies of TK. RESULTS By a retrospective cohort study, we found that TK was the most frequently used Chinese medicinal herb in type 2 diabetic patients in Taiwan. Oral administration of aqueous extract of TK displayed hypoglycemic effects in a dose-dependent manner in mice. An abundant novel TK protein (TKP) was further identified by proteomic approach. TKP interacted with IR by docking analysis and activated the kinase activity of IR. In addition, TKP enhanced the clearance of glucose in diabetic mice in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study applied a bed-to-bench approach to elucidate the hypoglycemic efficacies and mechanisms of TK on clinical usage. In addition, we newly identified a hypoglycemic protein TKP from TK. Our findings might provide a reasonable explanation of TK on the treatment of diabetes in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Lo
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Yen Yang
- Molecular and Genomic Epidemiology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Li
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Huai Chiang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yun Hsiang
- Department of Microbiology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Tin-Yun Ho
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
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Khayatzadeh A, Gharaghozlou M, Ebisawa M, Shokouhi Shoormasti R, Movahedi M. A Safe and Effective Method for Wheat Oral Immunotherapy. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 15:525-535. [PMID: 28129685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
At present the only available management for food allergy is avoidance; however, abstaining from allergic foods can affect the quality of life. Oral Immunotherapy (OIT) is an efficient method for increasing tolerance towards food allergens. The aim of this study was desensitizing patients above five years of age with wheat allergy and evaluating the safety and efficacy of OIT for children with IgE-mediated wheat allergy. The method of Rush Oral Immunotherapy (ROIT) was performed on 8 anaphylactic wheat allergic patients as well as outpatient method on 5 non-anaphylactic ones. In ROIT, build-up phase was performed during several days, but in outpatient, the amount of ingestion gradually increased to 5.2 g wheat protein within several weeks. After that, maintenance doses were prescribed daily for 3 months. Then, if the oral food challenge (OFC) was negative, the patients were considered to be in desensitized state, which meant they had to continue eating same doses without interruption. In ROIT, build-up phase continued for about 4.6 days during which, 21 from 71 doses, showed clinical symptoms (29.6%). On the contrary, outpatient method lasted approximately 72.4 days in which 356 doses were used and symptoms developed in only 9 doses (2.5%). In total -regardless of type of build-up phase- 12 patients could complete the maintenance phase with 1080 doses that 28 of them (2.6%) developed mild symptoms. Our OIT study proved to be safe and effective, although it is utterly evident that further investigation on more patients is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khayatzadeh
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Gharaghozlou
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- Department of Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - Masoud Movahedi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Girgih AT, Nwachukwu ID, Onuh JO, Malomo SA, Aluko RE. Antihypertensive Properties of a Pea Protein Hydrolysate during Short- and Long-Term Oral Administration to Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Food Sci 2016; 81:H1281-7. [PMID: 27037677 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated short-term (24 h) and long-term (5 wk) systolic blood pressure (SBP)-lowering effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of a 5 kDa membrane pea protein hydrolysate permeate (PPH-5) produced through thermoase hydrolysis of pea protein isolate (PPI). Amino acid analysis showed that the PPH-5 had lower contents of sulfur-containing amino acids than the PPI. Size-exclusion chromatography indicated mainly low molecular weight (<10 kDa) peptides in PPH-5 but not in the PPI. The PPH-5 had renin and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition IC50 values of 0.57 and 0.10 mg/mL (P < 0.05), respectively, and consisted mainly of peptides with 2 to 6 amino acids. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed mainly hydrophilic tetrapeptide sequences. After a single oral administration (100 mg/kg body weight) to SHR, the unheated PPI showed weakest (P < 0.05) SBP-lowering effect with a -4 mm Hg maximum when compared to -25 mm Hg for heat-treated PPI and -36 mm Hg for PPH-5. Incorporation of the PPH-5 as 0.5% or 1% (w/w) casein substitute in the SHR diet produced maximum SBP reductions of -22 or -26 mm Hg (P < 0.05), respectively after 3 wk. In comparison, the unhydrolyzed PPI produced a maximum SBP reduction of -17 mm Hg also after 3 wk. Potency of the pea products decreased in the 4th and 5th wk, though SBP values of the treated rats were still lower than the untreated control. We conclude that the antihypertensive potency of PPH-5 may have been due to the presence of easily absorbed hydrophilic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham T Girgih
- Dept. of Human Nutritional Sciences and The Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ifeanyi D Nwachukwu
- Dept. of Human Nutritional Sciences and The Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - John O Onuh
- Dept. of Human Nutritional Sciences and The Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Sunday A Malomo
- Dept. of Human Nutritional Sciences and The Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Dept. of Human Nutritional Sciences and The Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Jin T, Yu H, Wang D, Zhang H, Zhang B, Quezada HC, Zhu J, Zhu W. Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate suppresses experimental autoimmune neuritis via shifting macrophages from M1 to M2 subtype. Immunol Lett 2016; 171:15-25. [PMID: 26791957 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we investigated the immuno-regulatory and therapeutic effects of Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate (BBIC) on experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), an animal model of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in human. METHODS EAN in Lewis rats induced by inoculation with peripheral nerve myelin P0 protein peptide 180-199 (P0 peptide) was treated with BBIC at two different therapeutic regimens. RESULTS Our data indicated that the administration of BBIC daily orally effectively inhibited and ameliorated the clinical and pathological signs of EAN. The suppression of EAN was associated with an insufficiency of autoreactive T cells, as reflected by inhibited P0 peptide-specific mononuclear cell proliferation and decreased in CD4 and CD8T cells infiltrating into the peripheral nervous system (PNS). BBIC might mediate its therapeutic effects by shifting macrophages from M1 to M2 subtype as evidenced by increasing Arg-1, CD206 and IL-10 and inhibiting IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, iNOS and CD40 expressions on macrophages as well as enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 and decreasing inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17 in the PNS. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that BBIC may have therapeutic potential in human GBS and other autoimmune diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Hernan Concha Quezada
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Hälsovägen 7, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, 130021 Changchun, China.
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Marella S, Maddirela DR, Kumar EGTV, Tilak TK, Badri KR, Chippada A. Mcy protein, a potential antidiabetic agent: evaluation of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes and antioxidant status. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:481-8. [PMID: 26826289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to elucidate the long-term effects of anti-hyperglycemic active principle, Mcy protein (MCP), isolated from the fruits of Momordica cymbalaria on carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative stress in experimental diabetic rats. We used streptozotocin induced diabetic rats for the current studies. Our studies showed that MCP (2.5mg/kg.b.w) treatment significantly normalized the deranged activities of critical carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bis phosphatase. In addition MCP showed inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase and aldose reductase enzymes in in vitro assays. Further MCP treatment improved the antioxidant defensive mechanism by preventing deleterious oxidative products of cellular metabolism, which initiates the lipid peroxidation and by normalizing the antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) activities. Additional structural studies using circular dichroism spectroscopy indicate that MCP contains majorly α-helix. Our findings suggest MCP regulates blood glucose and better manage diabetes mellitus associated complications by regulating carbohydrate metabolism and by protecting from the deleterious effects of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha Marella
- Department of Biochemistry, S.V. University, Tirupati 517502, India
| | | | - E G T V Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, S.V. University, Tirupati 517502, India; Department of Endocrinology, SVIMS, Tirupati 517502, India
| | | | | | - Apparao Chippada
- Department of Biochemistry, S.V. University, Tirupati 517502, India.
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Ali T, Yoon GH, Shah SA, Lee HY, Kim MO. Osmotin attenuates amyloid beta-induced memory impairment, tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration in the mouse hippocampus. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11708. [PMID: 26118757 PMCID: PMC4484370 DOI: 10.1038/srep11708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, neurofibrillary tangle formation, synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotection of novel osmotin, a plant protein extracted from Nicotiana tabacum that has been considered to be a homolog of mammalian adiponectin. Here, we observed that treatment with osmotin (15 μg/g, intraperitoneally, 4 hr) at 3 and 40 days post-intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-42 significantly ameliorated Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment in mice. These results revealed that osmotin reverses Aβ1-42 injection-induced synaptic deficits, Aβ accumulation and BACE-1 expression. Treatment with osmotin also alleviated the Aβ1-42-induced hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein at serine 413 through the regulation of the aberrant phosphorylation of p-PI3K, p-Akt (serine 473) and p-GSK3β (serine 9). Moreover, our western blots and immunohistochemical results indicated that osmotin prevented Aβ1-42-induced apoptosis and neurodegeneration in the Aβ1-42-treated mice. Furthermore, osmotin attenuated Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in vitro.To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the neuroprotective effect of a novel osmotin against Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity. Our results demonstrated that this ubiquitous plant protein could potentially serve as a novel, promising, and accessible neuroprotective agent against progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College
of Natural Sciences, (RINS), Gyeongsang National University,
Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Ho Yoon
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College
of Natural Sciences, (RINS), Gyeongsang National University,
Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shahid Ali Shah
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College
of Natural Sciences, (RINS), Gyeongsang National University,
Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Lee
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College
of Natural Sciences, (RINS), Gyeongsang National University,
Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College
of Natural Sciences, (RINS), Gyeongsang National University,
Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Rasala BA, Mayfield SP. Photosynthetic biomanufacturing in green algae; production of recombinant proteins for industrial, nutritional, and medical uses. Photosynth Res 2015; 123:227-39. [PMID: 24659086 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-9994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are widely used for industrial, nutritional, and medical applications. Green microalgae have attracted considerable attention recently as a biomanufacturing platform for the production of recombinant proteins for a number of reasons. These photosynthetic eukaryotic microorganisms are safe, scalable, easy to genetically modify through transformation, mutagenesis, or breeding, and inexpensive to grow. Many microalgae species are genetically transformable, but the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is the most widely used host for recombinant protein expression. An extensive suite of molecular genetic tools has been developed for C. reinhardtii over the last 25 years, including a fully sequenced genome, well-established methods for transformation, mutagenesis and breeding, and transformation vectors for high levels of recombinant protein accumulation and secretion. Here, we review recent successes in the development of C. reinhardtii as a biomanufacturing host for recombinant proteins, including antibodies and immunotoxins, hormones, industrial enzymes, an orally-active colostral protein for gastrointestinal health, and subunit vaccines. In addition, we review the biomanufacturing potential of other green algae from the genera Dunaliella and Chlorella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Rasala
- California Center for Algae Biotechnology and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0368, USA
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Shi A, Liu H, Liu L, Hu H, Wang Q, Adhikari B. Isolation, purification and molecular mechanism of a peanut protein-derived ACE-inhibitory peptide. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111188. [PMID: 25347076 PMCID: PMC4210216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a number of bioactive peptides are capable of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effects, little is known regarding the mechanism of peanut peptides using molecular simulation. The aim of this study was to obtain ACE inhibiting peptide from peanut protein and provide insight on the molecular mechanism of its ACE inhibiting action. Peanut peptides having ACE inhibitory activity were isolated through enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration. Further chromatographic fractionation was conducted to isolate a more potent peanut peptide and its antihypertensive activity was analyzed through in vitro ACE inhibitory tests and in vivo animal experiments. MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS was used to identify its amino acid sequence. Mechanism of ACE inhibition of P8 was analyzed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. A peanut peptide (P8) having Lys-Leu-Tyr-Met-Arg-Pro amino acid sequence was obtained which had the highest ACE inhibiting activity of 85.77% (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 0.0052 mg/ml). This peanut peptide is a competitive inhibitor and show significant short term (12 h) and long term (28 days) antihypertensive activity. Dynamic tests illustrated that P8 can be successfully docked into the active pocket of ACE and can be combined with several amino acid residues. Hydrogen bond, electrostatic bond and Pi-bond were found to be the three main interaction contributing to the structural stability of ACE-peptide complex. In addition, zinc atom could form metal-carboxylic coordination bond with Tyr, Met residues of P8, resulting into its high ACE inhibiting activity. Our finding indicated that the peanut peptide (P8) having a Lys-Leu-Tyr-Met-Arg-Pro amino acid sequence can be a promising candidate for functional foods and prescription drug aimed at control of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Shi
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, City Campus, Melbourne, Australia
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25
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Lemes SF, Lima FM, de Almeida APC, Ramalho ADFS, Reis SRDL, Michelotto LF, Amaya-Farfán J, Carneiro EM, Boschero AC, Latorraca MQ, Veloso RV. Nutritional recovery with okara diet prevented hypercholesterolemia, hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:745-53. [PMID: 24655214 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.898259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the biological value of an okara diet and its effects on the hormonal and metabolic profile of rats submitted to protein restriction during intra-uterine life and lactation and recovered after weaning. Male rats from mothers fed either 17% or 6% protein during pregnancy and lactation were maintained on 17% casein (CC, LC), 17% okara (CO, LO) or 6% casein (LL) diets over 60 d. The nutritional quality of the okara protein was similar to that of casein. The okara diet was effective in the nutritional recovery of rats in growing that were malnourished in early life. Furthermore, the okara diet reversed the hypercholesterolemia and the hepatic steatosis observed in the malnutrition and prevented glucose intolerance in an animal model prone to diabetes mellitus.
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Adwan H, Murtaja A, Kadhim Al-Taee K, Pervaiz A, Hielscher T, Berger MR. Riproximin's activity depends on gene expression and sensitizes PDAC cells to TRAIL. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1185-97. [PMID: 24918923 PMCID: PMC4128861 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Riproximin (Rpx) is a type II ribosome inactivating protein, which was investigated for its activity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in a panel of 17 human and rat PDAC cell lines and in rat pancreatic cancer liver metastasis. Cytotoxicity in response to Rpx was determined by MTT assay, apoptosis by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR for apoptosis related genes, and the modulation of the transcriptome was monitored by micro array analysis. The combination effect of Rpx and TRAIL was assessed by MTT assay. Rpx showed high but varying cytotoxicity in PDAC cells. Based on overall gene expression, the sensitivity of these cells was linked to genes involved in apoptosis. Furthermore, based on the affinity of Rpx for CEA, the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) genes was significantly related to Rpx's cytotoxicity in cells with CEACAM gene expression. Exposure of Suit2-007 cells to Rpx induced the mRNA expression of members of signaling pathways initiating from most death receptors, and down modulation of TRAIL. Apoptosis was increased as shown by FACS analysis. Combination of Rpx with TRAIL resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect in human Suit2-007 and rat ASML cells, as evidenced by a 6-fold lower tumor cell survival than expected from an additive combination effect. Treatment of BDX rats bearing intra-portally implanted Suit2-007 cells showed a highly significant anticancer effect and indicated an application of Rpx against pancreatic cancer metastasis to the liver. These data favor further evaluation of Rpx as anticancer agent in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Adwan
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Murtaja
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Khamael Kadhim Al-Taee
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asim Pervaiz
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics; Statistics for Translational Oncology; DKFZ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin R Berger
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg, Germany
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de Souza Cândido E, e Silva Cardoso MH, Sousa DA, Viana JC, de Oliveira-Júnior NG, Miranda V, Franco OL. The use of versatile plant antimicrobial peptides in agribusiness and human health. Peptides 2014; 55:65-78. [PMID: 24548568 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plant immune responses involve a wide diversity of physiological reactions that are induced by the recognition of pathogens, such as hypersensitive responses, cell wall modifications, and the synthesis of antimicrobial molecules including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These proteinaceous molecules have been widely studied, presenting peculiar characteristics such as conserved domains and a conserved disulfide bond pattern. Currently, many AMP classes with diverse modes of action are known, having been isolated from a large number of organisms. Plant AMPs comprise an interesting source of studies nowadays, and among these there are reports of different classes, including defensins, albumins, cyclotides, snakins and several others. These peptides have been widely used in works that pursue human disease control, including nosocomial infections, as well as for agricultural purposes. In this context, this review will focus on the relevance of the structural-function relations of AMPs derived from plants and their proper use in applications for human health and agribusiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabete de Souza Cândido
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique e Silva Cardoso
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniel Amaro Sousa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Juliane Cançado Viana
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Nelson Gomes de Oliveira-Júnior
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Vívian Miranda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Qi B, Liu L, Zhang H, Zhou GX, Wang S, Duan XZ, Bai XY, Wang SM, Zhao DQ. Anti-fatigue effects of proteins isolated from Panax quinquefolium. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 153:430-434. [PMID: 24607495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) is an obligate shade perennial plant that belongs to Araliaceae ginseng species, and is native to eastern USA and Canada. Ginseng proteins are reported to have several pharmaceutical properties. However, such properties of American ginseng proteins (AGP) have seldom been reported. Also, anti-fatigue properties of AGP have not been studied. Therefore, we examined the anti-fatigue effects of AGP in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The molecular weight and protein contents of AGP were determined by SDS-PAGE, while the amino acid composition was analyzed by HPLC. The mice were divided into four groups. The control group was administered distilled water by gavage every day for 28 days. The other groups, designated as AGP treatment groups, were administered 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight, respectively of AGP by gavage every day for 28 days. Anti-fatigue activity was estimated using forced swimming test, and biochemical indices were determined using available kits. RESULTS The subunit molecular weight of AGP ranged from 8-66 kD and the protein content measured by Bradford assay was 1.86 mg/mL. The forced swimming time of low, intermediate and high groups were found to be longer as compared to the control group. AGP significantly decreased blood lactate (BLA) and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) levels, and increased hepatic glycogen (GLU) level. Additionally, AGP lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increased the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). CONCLUSION AGP shows anti-fatigue activity in mice, as measured by the physiological indices for fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Li Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - He Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Guang-xin Zhou
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Xiao-zheng Duan
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Xue-yuan Bai
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Si-ming Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Da-qing Zhao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China.
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Weidle UH, Tiefenthaler G, Schiller C, Weiss EH, Georges G, Brinkmann U. Prospects of bacterial and plant protein-based immunotoxins for treatment of cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2014; 11:25-38. [PMID: 24633317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial- and plant-derived immunotoxins have documented potential for treatment of cancer. We discuss Anthrax toxin, ribosome inactivating-toxins, such as saporin and ricin, and ADP-ribosylating toxins such as Diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin, with focus on the latter, which has been most thoroughly investigated. Regarding their potential as anticancer agents, critical issues such as immunogenicity and toxicity are outlined. We describe different generations of immunotoxins, the pathways for the delivery of the cytotoxic 'warheads', molecular parameters modulating efficacy, and combination therapy with other anticancer agents. Finally, we discuss deimmunization strategies based on the removal of B- and T-cell epitopes from the cytotoxic component, and highlight promising clinical proof-of-concept studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, D-82372 Penzberg, Germany.
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Lucero López VR, Razzeto GS, Escudero NL, Gimenez MS. Biochemical and molecular study of the influence of Amaranthus hypochondriacus flour on serum and liver lipids in rats treated with ethanol. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2013; 68:396-402. [PMID: 24122546 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-013-0388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis are frequent alterations due to alcohol abuse. Amaranth is a pseudocereal with hypolipidemic potential among other nutraceutical actions. Here we study the effect of Amaranthus hypochondriacus (Ah) seeds on serum and liver lipids, and the expression of genes associated to lipid metabolism and liver histology in male Wistar rats intoxicated with ethanol. The animals were divided into four groups; two groups were fed the American Institute of Nutrition 1993 for maintenance diet (AIN-93M), and the other two with AIN-93M containing Ah as protein source. One of each protein group received 20% ethanol in the drinking water, thus obtaining: CC (control casein), EC (ethanol casein), CAh (control Ah) and EAh (ethanol Ah). When comparing EAh vs . EC, we found a positive effect of Ah on lipids, preventing the increment of serum cholesterol (p <0.001), through the higher expression of the LDL receptor (p <0.001); and it also decreased free (p < 0.05) and esterified cholesterol (p <0.01) in liver, probably via the reduction of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase expression (p <0.001). We also observed that amaranth contributed to the decrease of fat deposits in liver, probably through the decrease in acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (p <0.01), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 (p <0.01) and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (p <0.05) expression. The histological study showed a decrease in the fat deposits in the amaranth group when compared to casein; this is consistent with the biochemical and molecular parameters studied in this work. In conclusion, amaranth could be recommended to avoid the alterations in the lipid metabolism induced by alcohol and other harmful agents.
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Jabeen B, Badaruddin M, Ali R, Haleem DJ. Attenuation of restraint-induced behavioral deficits and serotonergic responses by stabilized rice bran in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 10:11-6. [PMID: 17539478 DOI: 10.1080/10284150601153967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of stabilized-rice bran (SRB) rich diet on responses to stress in rats. Standard rodent diet mixed with SRB in the ratio of 2:1 and 1:1 (w/w) was given for 6 weeks to test rats. Results showed that weekly cumulative food intakes smaller in SRB rich diet treated animals were normalized at the end of the treatment. Body weights decreased and exploratory activity in an open field increased in SRB rich diet treated animals. Learning and espatial memory monitored in the Morris water test was enhanced. An episode of 2 h restraint stress decreased food intake of SRB as well as normal diet treated animals. Deficits were smaller in SRB diet than normal diet treated animals. Exposure to 2 h restraint stress increased brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) metabolism. The increases were smaller in SRB rich than normal diet treated animals. A potential use of SRB in health and disease is discussed in the context of its antioxidant and serotonergic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Jabeen
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Stan RL, Hangan AC, Dican L, Sevastre B, Hanganu D, Catoi C, Sarpataki O, Ionescu CM. Comparative study concerning mistletoe viscotoxins antitumor activity. Acta Biol Hung 2013; 64:279-88. [PMID: 24013890 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.64.2013.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Viscum album L. (Santalaceae) (VA) - a parasitic plant that grows on various trees - has proved a significant anticancer effect in both experimental studies and clinical trials. The present study assesses the influence of oxidative stress in mistletoe induced cytotoxicity in tumor cells, in relation to classic cytostatic therapy. VA ethanolic extract was administered alone and combined with doxorubicin (chloride) in Swiss female mice previously intraperitoneally (i.p.) inoculated with Ehrlich tumor cells (1 × 106/animal) that consequently developed Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). The administered doses were of 50 mg/kg on the 1st, 3rd and 6th day for the VA extract, respectively of 2.5 mg/kg on the 1st and 6th day for doxorubicin, after tumor cell implantation. Fourteen days later all mice were euthanized, ascites of the EAC were collected in order to analyze the tumor proliferation parameters, as well as blood samples, in order to evaluate the antioxidant status in plasma. Tumor development was associated with increased activity of plasma enzymes; classic doxorubicin therapy not only prevents the accumulation of ascitic fluid, but also significantly reduces the activity of plasma antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, in association with VA extract, the protective effect is improved. Oxidative changes in Ehrlich tumor cells consisted in decreased catalase activity and amplified xanthine oxidase and peroxidase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Liana Stan
- "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy 4/6 Pasteur Street 400012 Cluj-Napoca Romania
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Karoui O, Leimgruber A, Spertini F. [Interests of recombinant allergens in the practice of allergy]. Rev Med Suisse 2013; 9:22-27. [PMID: 23367699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Compared to total allergenic extracts, recombinant allergens available for specific IgE measurement represent an important advance in the diagnosis and treatment of IgE-mediated allergies. Recombinant allergens lead to define the sensitization profile of allergic patients, to identify markers of sensitization and to understand better polysensitivities related to cross-reactions and markers of severity of allergic reactions. They also contribute to the decision to establish tolerance induction (allergen specific immunotherapy) and the optimal selection of the allergenic composition of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Karoui
- Service d'immunologie et allergie, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne.
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Mondovi B, Fogel WA, Federico R, Calinescu C, Mateescu MA, Rosa AC, Masini E. Effects of amine oxidases in allergic and histamine-mediated conditions. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2013; 7:20-34. [PMID: 22946464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an update on histamine, on diamine oxidase (DAO) and on their implications in allergy and various conditions or affections, such as food histaminosis, ischemia and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The review also presents, in brief, patent coverage on therapies for allergy and IBD with the focus on histamine-related treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Mondovi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Weinberger EE, Himly M, Myschik J, Hauser M, Altmann F, Isakovic A, Scheiblhofer S, Thalhamer J, Weiss R. Generation of hypoallergenic neoglycoconjugates for dendritic cell targeted vaccination: a novel tool for specific immunotherapy. J Control Release 2012; 165:101-9. [PMID: 23147517 PMCID: PMC3550522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of allergic disorders and asthma continuously increased over the past decades, consuming a considerable proportion of the health care budget. Allergen-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy represents the only intervention treating the underlying causes of type I allergies, but still suffers from unwanted side effects and low compliance. There is an urgent need for novel approaches improving safety and efficacy of this therapy. In the present study we investigated carbohydrate-mediated targeting of allergens to dermal antigen-presenting cells and its influence on immunogenicity and allergenicity. Mannan, high (40 kDa) and low (6 kDa) molecular weight dextran, and maltodextrin were covalently attached to ovalbumin and papain via mild carbohydrate oxidation resulting in neoglycocomplexes of various sizes. In particular, mannan-conjugates were efficiently taken up by dendritic cells in vivo leading to elevated humoral immune responses against the protein moiety and a shift from IgE to IgG. Beyond providing an adjuvant effect, papain glycocomplexes also proved to mask B-cell epitopes, thus rendering the allergen derivative hypoallergenic. The present data demonstrate that carbohydrate-modified allergens combine targeting of antigen presenting cells with hypoallergenicity, offering the potential for low dose allergen-specific immunotherapy while concomitantly reducing the risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Himly
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Myschik
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hauser
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Almedina Isakovic
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sandra Scheiblhofer
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josef Thalhamer
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Corresponding author. Tel.: + 43 662 8044 5737; fax: + 43 662 8044 5751.
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Salil G, Nevin KG, Rajamohan T. Arginine-rich coconut kernel diet influences nitric oxide synthase activity in alloxandiabetic rats. J Sci Food Agric 2012; 92:1903-1908. [PMID: 22231513 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coconut kernel protein (CKP) has been reported to contain significant amounts of L-arginine. Its potential effect on glucose homeostasis, possibly through the nitric oxide synthase (NO) pathway, was therefore investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of alloxan (150 mg kg⁻¹ body weight). Experimental rats were grouped as follows: Group I, normal control; Group II, diabetic control; Group III, diabetic + CKP; Group IV, diabetic + L-arginine; Group V, diabetic + L-arginine + L-N(G)-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Purified CKP isolated from dried coconut kernel and L-arginine was administered to rats along with a semi-synthetic diet for 45 days. L-NAME (0.5 mg kg⁻¹ body weight) was given to Group V animals. After the experimental period, serum glucose, insulin, activities of liver nitric oxide synthase and arginase, liver glycogen levels and histopathology of the pancreas were evaluated. RESULTS Serum glucose, insulin and antioxidant enzyme activities and liver glycogen levels were found to be restored to basal levels in CKP-fed rats. Decreased arginase and increased nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities were found in CKP- and arginine-fed rats. L-NAME treatment showed a partial effect on these parameters. Histopathology revealed that CKP and L-arginine feeding reduced the diabetes-related pancreatic damage in treated rats compared to the diabetic control. CONCLUSION The results observed in this study indicate that the potential antidiabetic activity of CKP may be through an arginine-NO pathway leading to pancreatic beta cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalakrishnan Salil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
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Menousek J, Mishra B, Hanke ML, Heim CE, Kielian T, Wang G. Database screening and in vivo efficacy of antimicrobial peptides against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 39:402-6. [PMID: 22445495 PMCID: PMC3320733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates for developing a generation of new antimicrobials to meet the challenge of antibiotic-resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). To facilitate the search for new candidates, we have utilised the Antimicrobial Peptide Database (APD), which contains natural AMPs from bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. This study demonstrates the identification of novel templates against MRSA by screening 30 peptides selected from the APD. These peptides are short (<25 residues), cysteine-free, cationic and represent candidates from different biological sources such as bacteria, insects, arachnids, tunicates, amphibians, fish and mammals. Six peptides, including ascaphin-8, database-screened antimicrobial peptide 1 (DASamP1), DASamP2, lycotoxin I, maculatin 1.3 and piscidin 1, were found to exert potent antimicrobial activity against an MRSA USA300 isolate. Although five of the six peptides showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, DASamP1 displayed killing of MRSA in vitro but not of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, DASamP1 suppressed early biofilm formation in a mouse model of catheter-associated MRSA infection. DASamP1 is a novel, short and potent peptide that will be a useful starting template for further developing novel anti-MRSA peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cortney E. Heim
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA
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Okada-Iwabu M, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T. [Functional food component--osmotin]. Nihon Rinsho 2012; 70 Suppl 3:746-749. [PMID: 22768609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Okada-Iwabu
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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LaGrone LN, Trehan I, Meuli GJ, Wang RJ, Thakwalakwa C, Maleta K, Manary MJ. A novel fortified blended flour, corn-soy blend "plus-plus," is not inferior to lipid-based ready-to-use supplementary foods for the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in Malawian children. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:212-9. [PMID: 22170366 PMCID: PMC3238461 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.022525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) are often treated with fortified blended flours, most commonly a corn-soy blend (CSB). However, recovery rates remain <75%, lower than the rate achieved with peanut paste-based ready-to-use supplementary foods (RUSFs). To bridge this gap, a novel CSB recipe fortified with oil and dry skim milk, "CSB++," has been developed. OBJECTIVE In this trial we compared CSB++ with 2 RUSF products for the treatment of MAM to test the hypothesis that the recovery rate achieved with CSB++ will not be >5% worse than that achieved with either RUSF. DESIGN We conducted a prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded, controlled noninferiority trial involving rural Malawian children aged 6-59 mo with MAM. Children received 75 kcal CSB++ · kg(-1) · d(-1), locally produced soy RUSF, or an imported soy/whey RUSF for ≤12 wk. RESULTS The recovery rate for CSB++ (n = 763 of 888; 85.9%) was similar to that for soy RUSF (795 of 806, 87.7%; risk difference: -1.82%; 95% CI: -4.95%, 1.30%) and soy/whey RUSF (807 of 918, 87.9%; risk difference: -1.99%; 95% CI: -5.10%, 1.13%). On average, children who received CSB++ required 2 d longer to recover, and the rate of weight gain was less than that with either RUSF, although height gain was the same among all 3 foods studied. CONCLUSIONS A novel, locally produced, fortified blended flour (CSB++) was not inferior to a locally produced soy RUSF and an imported soy/whey RUSF in facilitating recovery from MAM. The recovery rate observed for CSB++ was higher than that for any other fortified blended flour tested previously. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00998517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey N LaGrone
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, MO, USA
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Wang BL, Zhang WJ, Zhao J, Wang FJ, Fan LQ, Wu YX, Hu ZB. Gene cloning and expression of a novel hypoglycaemic peptide from Momordica charantia. J Sci Food Agric 2011; 91:2443-2448. [PMID: 21626510 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Momordica charantia (MC) is used in many Asian countries as a traditional functional food and medicine. Polypeptide-P, a 166 amino acid (AA) polypeptide isolated from MC seeds, has been reported to show hypoglycaemic effects in patients with type I or type II diabetes. The AA sequence of this peptide has been determined, but its gene sequence has yet to be published. RESULTS In this study a gene-cloning strategy was employed to obtain the polypeptide-P gene sequence using degenerate reverse transcription polymer chain reaction and genome-walking methods. A complete 498 bp sequence encoding the polypeptide-P protein was cloned from MC seeds. Subsequent assays of the bioactivity of the expressed recombinant protein revealed that it had significant hypoglycaemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. This result suggests that recombinant polypeptide-P has hypoglycaemic effects. CONCLUSION This is the first report of cloning and expression of the MC polypeptide-P gene. The cloned gene could be helpful for exploring the mechanisms of polypeptide-P gene expression and regulation in MC. Furthermore, this gene could be used as a potential tool both for screening MC varieties with high hypoglycaemically active substance content and for breeding new varieties of MC with high economic value, which could in turn be beneficial to farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-lian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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42
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Li H, Prairie N, Udenigwe CC, Adebiyi AP, Tappia PS, Aukema HM, Jones PJH, Aluko RE. Blood pressure lowering effect of a pea protein hydrolysate in hypertensive rats and humans. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:9854-60. [PMID: 21854068 DOI: 10.1021/jf201911p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The blood pressure lowering effect of a pea protein hydrolysate (PPH) that contained <3 kDa peptides, isolated by membrane ultrafiltration from the thermolysin digest of pea protein isolate (PPI), was examined using different rat models of hypertension as well as hypertensive human subjects. The PPH showed weak in vitro activities against renin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) with inhibitory activities of 17 and 19%, respectively, at 1 mg/mL test concentration. Oral administration of the PPH to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight led to a lowering of hourly systolic blood pressure (SBP), with a maximum reduction of 19 mmHg at 4 h. In contrast, orally administered unhydrolyzed PPI had no blood pressure reducing effect in SHR, suggesting that thermolysin hydrolysis may have been responsible for releasing bioactive peptides from the native protein. Oral administration of the PPH to the Han:SPRD-cy rat (a model of chronic kidney disease) over an 8-week period led to 29 and 25 mmHg reductions in SBP and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. The PPH-fed rats had lower plasma levels of angiotensin II, the major vasopressor involved in development of hypertension, but there was no effect on plasma activity or renal mRNA levels of ACE. However, renal expression of renin mRNA levels was reduced by approximately 50% in the PPH-fed rats, suggesting that reduced renin may be responsible for the reduced levels of angiotensin II. In a 3-week randomized double blind placebo-controlled crossover human intervention trial (7 volunteers), significant (p<0.05) reductions (over placebo) in SBP of 5 and 6 mmHg were obtained in the second and third weeks, respectively, for the PPH group. Therefore, thermolysin derived bioactive peptides from PPH reduced blood pressure in hypertensive rats and human subjects, likely via effects on the renal angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences and The Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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Schussheim Y, Aschner M, Brodsky B, Proscura E, Erlanger-Rosengarten A, Feldman R, Shapira E, Wormser U. Anti-inflammatory effects of peptide fragments of H2A histone and Oryza Sativa Japonica protein. Peptides 2011; 32:125-30. [PMID: 21055433 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory drugs are often of limited use due to low efficacy and toxic effects. The present study describes the anti-inflammatory effects of a novel nonapeptide termed IIIM1, using the mouse hind paw edema as an experimental model of inflammation. Multiple prophylactic injections of IIIM1 resulted in a significant reduction in carrageenan-induced foot pad swelling, both in mice and rats. A single prophylactic treatment of the peptide caused the maximal effect at 7-9 days between the initial peptide treatment and the subsequent carrageenan injection. A reduced inflammatory reaction was observed in transgenic mice constitutively expressing the peptide. A marked decrease in oxidative burst was observed in activated peritoneal macrophages obtained from peptide-treated mice. Furthermore, the sera of IIIM1-treated mice caused a significant decrease in the oxidative burst of macrophages. In addition, the reduction of hind paw swelling in mice injected with the sera of IIIM1-treated mice strongly suggests the presence of a circulating inducible factor responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of the peptide. Previous LC/MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of a new peptide, termed RA1, in the sera of IIIM1-treated mice. RA1 was identified as a fragment of the Oryza Sativa Japonica protein. The anti-inflammatory effect of RA1 as evidenced by the reduction in carrageenan-induced hind paw swelling corresponded with the decrease in the oxidative burst of macrophages treated in vitro with this peptide. In conclusion, both IIIM1 and RA1 represent potential agents for the efficient treatment of inflammatory diseases that are currently incurable using presently available drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Schussheim
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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de Virgilio M, Lombardi A, Caliandro R, Fabbrini MS. Ribosome-inactivating proteins: from plant defense to tumor attack. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:2699-737. [PMID: 22069572 PMCID: PMC3153179 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are EC3.2.32.22 N-glycosidases that recognize a universally conserved stem-loop structure in 23S/25S/28S rRNA, depurinating a single adenine (A4324 in rat) and irreversibly blocking protein translation, leading finally to cell death of intoxicated mammalian cells. Ricin, the plant RIP prototype that comprises a catalytic A subunit linked to a galactose-binding lectin B subunit to allow cell surface binding and toxin entry in most mammalian cells, shows a potency in the picomolar range. The most promising way to exploit plant RIPs as weapons against cancer cells is either by designing molecules in which the toxic domains are linked to selective tumor targeting domains or directly delivered as suicide genes for cancer gene therapy. Here, we will provide a comprehensive picture of plant RIPs and discuss successful designs and features of chimeric molecules having therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessio Lombardi
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy;
| | - Rocco Caliandro
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Serena Fabbrini
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy;
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening patients for latex allergy prior to surgery is an important but intensive procedure. The appropriate testing strategy for diagnosing latex (Hevea brasiliensis) allergy involves in-vitro specific IgE or skin prick testing. The sensitivity and specificity of both tests are influenced by patient-specific factors or manufacturing processes that alter the clinically relevant allergens in skin testing solutions. METHODS Total IgE and latex-specific IgE testing was introduced as a screening test. Skin prick testing was done on patients with a high probability of latex allergy and negative specific IgE with total IgE <100 kU/L. SDS-PAGE was done on the non-ammoniated latex (NAL) and newly introduced ammoniated latex (AL) reagents for the clinically relevant allergens. RESULTS 51 patients had a total IgE <100 (range, 2.8-99.0 kU/L), and 10% had a positive skin test. 60% of positive skin tests would have been missed with lower total IgE cut-offs of 50 kU/L (6% of referrals). SDS-PAGE of the NAL solution showed 3 prominent bands with molecular weights of approximately 20, 24 and 42 kDa that correlated with Hev b 6, Hev b 3 and Hev b 7/13, respectively. In contrast, the AL solution showed 3 very faint higher molecular weights bands that did not correlate with clinically relevant antigens. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the cut-off value of total IgE for allergen-specific IgE testing increased the sensitivity of the specific IgE test. The NAL reagent had a greater number of clinically significant allergens at higher concentrations than AL, which may have implications for the clinical sensitivity of the newer AL reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Khan
- Path Links Immunology, Scunthorpe General Hospital, Scunthorpe, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology, Hull Royal Infirmary, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.
| | - Steve Holding
- Department of Immunology, Hull Royal Infirmary, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom; Post graduate Medical Institute, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Doré
- Department of Immunology, Hull Royal Infirmary, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom; Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Carrock Sewell
- Path Links Immunology, Scunthorpe General Hospital, Scunthorpe, United Kingdom; Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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Rosas Alvarado A, López López JR. [Basis to modify the immunotherapy regimen at the Allergy Service, General Hospital of Mexico]. Rev Alerg Mex 2010; 57:107-111. [PMID: 21255522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Mexico, the way allergen immunotherapy is performed has remained without changes for many years. Here we present the modifications that have been performed in the General Hospital of Mexico to make immunotherapy more effective. OBJECTIVE To show the changes implemented to make immunotherapy faster and more effective by changing the volume of allergy vaccines from 5 or 10 mL to 3 mL, and the theoretical and practical support for the change. MATERIAL AND METHOD The amount of protein delivered in each immunotherapy shot was computed to show how they change along the treatment. Results for schedules for 3, 5 and 10 mL were compared. RESULTS Results showed serial rises and falls in protein amount injected every time a new vaccine flask starts to be used. However, in the case for 3 mL vaccines schedules, those changes are less pronounced. CONCLUSIONS Due to these results we suggest a schedule of immunotherapy with 3 mL vaccines that allow getting the maintenance doses in a shorter time and at lower cost.
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Lam SK, Ng TB. A dimeric high-molecular-weight chymotrypsin inhibitor with antitumor and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities from seeds of Acacia confusa. Phytomedicine 2010; 17:621-625. [PMID: 19962287 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A dimeric 70-kDa chymotrypsin inhibitor with substantial N-terminal sequence homology to serine protease inhibitors was isolated from Acacia confusa seeds. The chymotrypsin inhibitor was purified using a protocol that entailed ion exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose, SP-Sepharose and fast protein liquid chromatography-gel filtration on Superdex 75. The chymotrypsin inhibitor was unadsorbed on both Q-Sepharose and SP-Sepharose. Its chymotrypsin inhibitory activity was stable from pH 3 to 10 and from 0 to 50 degrees C. It exerted antiproliferative activity toward breast cancer MCF-7 cells with an IC(50) of 10.7+/-4.2 microM. It inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC(50) of 8+/-1.5 microM. It was devoid of antifungal activity toward a variety of fungal species. The distinctive features of the chymotrypsin inhibitor included dimeric nature, a high molecular mass, lack of trypsin inhibitory activity, highly potent HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity, specific antitumor activity and relatively high pH-stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Lam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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48
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Lima-Filho JV, Patriota JM, Silva AFB, Filho NT, Oliveira RSB, Alencar NMN, Ramos MV. Proteins from latex of Calotropis procera prevent septic shock due to lethal infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 129:327-334. [PMID: 20371281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The latex of Calotropis procera has been used in traditional medicine to treat different inflammatory diseases. The anti-inflammatory activity of latex proteins (LP) has been well documented using different inflammatory models. In this work the anti-inflammatory protein fraction was evaluated in a true inflammatory process by inducing a lethal experimental infection in the murine model caused by Salmonella enterica Subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental Swiss mice were given 0.2 ml of LP (30 or 60 mg/kg) by the intraperitoneal route 24 h before or after lethal challenge (0.2 ml) containing 10(6) CFU/ml of Salmonella Typhimurium using the same route of administration. RESULTS All the control animals succumbed to infection within 6 days. When given before bacterial inoculums LP prevented the death of mice, which remained in observation until day 28. Even, LP-treated animals exhibited only discrete signs of infection which disappeared latter. LP fraction was also protective when given orally or by subcutaneous route. Histopathological examination revealed that necrosis and inflammatory infiltrates were similar in both the experimental and control groups on days 1 and 5 after infection. LP activity did not clear Salmonella Typhimurium, which was still present in the spleen at approximately 10(4) cells/g of organ 28 days after challenge. However, no bacteria were detected in the liver at this stage. LP did not inhibit bacterial growth in culture medium at all. In the early stages of infection bacteria population was similar in organs and in the peritoneal fluid but drastically reduced in blood. Titration of TNF-alpha in serum revealed no differences between experimental and control groups on days 1 and 5 days after infection while IL-12 was only discretely diminished in serum of experimental animals on day 5. Moreover, cultured macrophages treated with LP and stimulated by LPS released significantly less IL-1beta. CONCLUSIONS LP-treated mice did not succumb to septic shock when submitted to a lethal infection. LP did not exhibit in vitro bactericidal activity. It is thought that protection of LP-treated mice against Salmonella Typhimurium possibly involves down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (other than TNF-alpha). LP inhibited IL-1beta release in cultured macrophages and discretely reduced IL-12 in serum of animals given LP. Results reported here support the folk use of latex to treat skin infections by topic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- José V Lima-Filho
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Campus Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Nagel KA, Kastenholz B, Gilmer F, Schurr U, Walter A. Novel detection system for plant protein production of pharmaceuticals and impact on conformational diseases. Protein Pept Lett 2010; 17:723-31. [PMID: 20015023 DOI: 10.2174/092986610791190282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
tate-of-the-art biochemistry methods in combination with an automated phenotyping method demonstrate the high potential of transgenic tobacco plants in producing properly-folded therapeutic proteins for the treatment of protein-misfolding diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease). This molecular farming approach led to highest protein production of hydroponically-grown tobacco compared to other growth substrates generally used in plant cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Nagel
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-3: Phytosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Rajasekhar MD, Badri KR, Vinay Kumar K, Babu KR, Fatima SS, Sampath Kumar MT, Appa Rao C. Isolation and characterization of a novel antihyperglycemic protein from the fruits of Momordica cymbalaria. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 128:58-62. [PMID: 20038451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY A new antihyperglycemic protein was identified in the aqueous extract of fruits of Momordica cymbalaria by bioassay-guided fractionation. The study was aimed at isolation and characterization of this protein. MATERIALS AND METHODS The active principle was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration column chromatography on Sephadex G-50 followed by reverse phase HPLC. Its N-terminal amino acid sequence was identified and compared in the protein data bank. Optimum dose and route of administration of the active principle was determined in STZ induced diabetic rats. RESULTS A 17kDa protein with an isoelectric point of 5.0 was identified as the active principle of antidiabetic action present in the aqueous extract of fruits of MC. It is named as M.Cy protein and found to be a novel protein by comparing its N-terminal amino acid sequence with those in the protein data bank. It did not produce any hypoglycemia in either normal or diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that 'M.Cy protein', present in the fruits of Momordica cymbalaria is an effective antihyperglycemic active principle in STZ induced diabetic rats at a dose of 2.5mg/kg b.w.
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