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Li T, Li S. MAVS promotes interferon signaling in RNA virus infection by ZUFSP-mediated chromatin regulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111819. [PMID: 38460305 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria serve as a platform for innate immune signaling transduction, and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is essential for interferon-β (IFN-β) production and innate antiviral immunity against RNA viruses. Here, we identified zinc finger-containing ubiquitin peptidase 1 (ZUFSP/ZUP1) as a MAVS-interacting protein by using proximity-based labeling technology in HEK293T and found it could act as a positive regulator of the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors(RLRs), including RIG-I and interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 (MDA5). ZUFSP deficiency markedly inhibited RNA virus-triggered induction of downstream antiviral genes, and Zufsp-deficient mice were more susceptible to RNA virus infection. After RNA virus infection,ZUFSP was translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus and interacted with chromatin remodeling complex to facilitate the opening of IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) loci for transcription. This study provides a critical mechanistic basis for MAVS-regulated chromatin remodeling to promote interferon signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, No. 59, Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Siji Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, No. 59, Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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2
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García-Álvarez MA, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A. Cytotoxic activity and gene expression during in vitro adaptive cell-mediated cytotoxicity of head-kidney cells from betanodavirus-infected European sea bass. Dev Comp Immunol 2024; 152:105124. [PMID: 38145864 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) is essential in eradicating virus-infected cells, involving CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells, through the activation of different pathways. This immune response is well-studied in mammals but scarcely in teleost fish. Our aim was to investigate the adaptive CMC using head-kidney (HK) cells from European sea bass infected at different times with nodavirus (NNV), as effector cells, and the European sea bass brain cell line (DLB-1) infected with different NNV genotypes, as target cells. Results showed low and unaltered innate cytotoxic activity through the infection time. However, adaptive CMC against RGNNV and SJNNV/RGNNV-infected target cells increased from 7 to 30 days post-infection, peaking at 15 days, demonstrating the specificity of the cytotoxic activity and suggesting the involvement of CTLs. At transcriptomic level, we observed up-regulation of genes related to T cell activation, perforin/granzyme and Fas/FasL effector pathways as well as apoptotic cell death. Further studies are necessary to understand the adaptive role of European sea bass CTLs in the elimination of NNV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A García-Álvarez
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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3
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Chen X, Zhang W, Huang H, Yi M, Jia K. Sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) UBC9 augments RGNNV infection by hindering RLRs-interferon response. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 146:109408. [PMID: 38307301 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a reversible post-translational modification that regulates various biological processes in eukaryotes. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9 (UBC9) is the sole E2-conjugating enzyme responsible for SUMOylation and plays an important role in essential cellular functions. Here, we cloned the UBC9 gene from sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) (LjUBC9) and investigated its role in regulating the IFN response during red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection. The LjUBC9 gene consisted of 477 base pairs and encoded a polypeptide of 158 amino acids with an active site cysteine residue and a UBCc domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that LjUBC9 shared the closest evolutionary relationship with UBC9 from Paralichthys olivaceus. Tissue expression profile analysis demonstrated that LjUBC9 was significantly increased in multiple tissues of sea perch following RGNNV infection. Further experiments showed that overexpression of LjUBC9 significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of RGNNV capsid protein in LJB cells infected with RGNNV, nevertheless knockdown of LjUBC9 had the opposite effect, suggesting that LjUBC9 exerted a pro-viral effect during RGNNV infection. More importantly, we found that the 93rd cysteine is crucial for its pro-viral effect. Additionally, dual luciferase assays revealed that LjUBC9 prominently attenuated the promoter activities of sea perch type Ⅰ interferon (IFN) in RGNNV-infected cells, and overexpression of LjUBC9 markedly suppressed the transcription of key genes associated with RLRs-IFN pathway. In summary, these findings elucidate that LjUBC9 impairs the RLRs-IFN response, resulting in enhanced RGNNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Wanwan Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Hao Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Meisheng Yi
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Kuntong Jia
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Chen J, Chen Z, Li Y, Wang B, Lu Y, Jian J, Tang J, Cai J. Characterization and functional analysis of SOCS9 from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) during virus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 146:109424. [PMID: 38311091 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins family have twelve members including eight known mammalian SOCS members (CISH, SOCS1-7) and four new discovery members (SOCS3b, SOCS5b, SOCS8 and SOCS9) that is regarded as a classic feedback inhibitor of cytokine signaling. Although the function of the mammalian SOCS proteins have been well studied, little is known about the roles of SOCS in fish during viral infection. In this study, the molecular characteristics of SOCS9 from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides, EcSOCS9) is investigated. The EcSOCS9 protein encoded 543 amino acids with typical SH2 (389-475aa) and SOCS_box (491-527aa), sharing high identities with reported fish SOCS9. EcSOCS9 was expressed in all detected tissues and highly expressed in kidney. After red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection, the expression of EcSOCS9 was significantly induced in vitro. Furthermore, EcSOCS9 overexpression enhanced RGNNV replication, promoted virus-induced mitophagy that evidenced by the increased level of LC3-Ⅱ, BCL2, PGAM5 and decreased level of BNIP3 and FUNDC1. Besides, EcSOCS9 overexpression suppressed the expression levels of ATP6, CYB, ND4, ATP level and induced ROS level. The expression levels of interferon (IFN) related factors (IRF1, IRF3, IRF7, P53), inflammatory factors (IL1-β, IL8, TLR2, TNF-α) and IFN-3, ISRE, NF-κB, AP1 activities were also reduced by overexpressing EcSOCS9. These date suggests that EcSOCS9 impacts RGNNV infection through modulating mitophagy, regulating the expression levels of IFN- related and inflammatory factors, which will expand our understanding of fish immune responses during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Zhaofeng Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Yishan Lu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Jufen Tang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China.
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Deng R, Zhang L, Chen S, Li X, Xue B, Li H, Xu Y, Tian R, Liu Q, Wang L, Liu S, Yang D, Li P, Tang S, Zhu H. PZR suppresses innate immune response to RNA viral infection by inhibiting MAVS activation in interferon signaling mediated by RIG-I and MDA5. Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105797. [PMID: 38185222 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
RNA viral infections seriously endanger human health. Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) suppresses innate immunity against influenza A virus, and pharmacological inhibition of SHP2 provokes hepatic innate immunity. SHP2 binds and catalyzes tyrosyl dephosphorylation of protein zero-related (PZR), but the regulatory effect of PZR on innate immune response to viral infection is unclear. In this study, the transcription and protein level of PZR in host cells were found to be decreased with RNA viral infection, and high level of PZR was uncovered to inhibit interferon (IFN) signaling mediated by RIG-I and MDA5. Through localizing in mitochondria, PZR targeted and interacted with MAVS (also known as IPS-1/VISA/Cardif), suppressing the aggregation and activation of MAVS. Specifically, Y263 residue in ITIM is critical for PZR to exert immunosuppression under RNA viral infection. Moreover, the recruited SHP2 by PZR that modified with tyrosine phosphorylation under RNA viral infection might inhibit phosphorylation activation of MAVS. In conclusion, PZR and SHP2 suppress innate immune response to RNA viral infection through inhibiting MAVS activation. This study reveals the regulatory mechanism of PZR-SHP2-MAVS signal axis on IFN signaling mediated by RIG-I and MDA5, which may provide new sight for developing antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilin Deng
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Lini Zhang
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Shengwen Chen
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Xinran Li
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Binbin Xue
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Department of Pathology and Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Huiyi Li
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Department of Pathology and Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Renyun Tian
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Luoling Wang
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Tang
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Haizhen Zhu
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Department of Pathology and Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China.
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Huang S, Zheng R, Kang Y, Yang L, Gao J, Liu Q, Weng S, He J, Xie J. Orange-spotted grouper IFNh response to NNV or MSRV and its potential antiviral activities. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 145:109345. [PMID: 38154761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) plays a crucial role in the antiviral immune response. Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) and Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) are the most important viruses in cultured larvae and juveniles, causing great economic losses to fish farming. To better understand the antiviral activities and immunoregulatory role of IFN from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), EcIFNh was cloned from NNV infected sample. EcIFNh has an open reading frame (ORF) of 552 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 183 amino acids. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that EcIFNh was clustered into the IFNh branch. The tissue distribution analysis revealed that EcIFNh was highly expressed in the liver and brain of healthy orange-spotted grouper. The mRNA levels of EcIFNh were significantly upregulated after poly (I:C) stimulation and NNV or MSRV infection. Furthermore, the promoter of EcIFNh was characterized and significantly activated by EcMDA5, EcMAVS, EcSTING, EcIRF3, and EcIRF7 in the luciferase activity assays. We found that EcIFNh overexpression resisted the replication of NNV and MSRV, while EcIFNh silencing facilitated NNV replication in GB cells. In addition, EcIFNh recombinant protein (rEcIFNh) enhanced the immune response by inducing the expression of ISGs in vivo and in vitro, suggesting the potential application of rEcIFNh for anti-NNV and anti-MSRV. Taken together, our research may offer the foundation for virus-IFN system interaction in orange-spotted grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiling Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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Yue Z, Zhang X, Gu Y, Liu Y, Lan LM, Liu Y, Li Y, Yang G, Wan P, Chen X. Regulation and functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome in RNA virus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1309128. [PMID: 38249297 PMCID: PMC10796458 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1309128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Virus infection is one of the greatest threats to human life and health. In response to viral infection, the host's innate immune system triggers an antiviral immune response mostly mediated by inflammatory processes. Among the many pathways involved, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has received wide attention in the context of viral infection. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular sensor composed of three components, including the innate immune receptor NLRP3, adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), and the cysteine protease caspase-1. After being assembled, the NLRP3 inflammasome can trigger caspase-1 to induce gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent pyroptosis, promoting the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Recent studies have revealed that a variety of viruses activate or inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome via viral particles, proteins, and nucleic acids. In this review, we present a variety of regulatory mechanisms and functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome upon RNA viral infection and demonstrate multiple therapeutic strategies that target the NLRP3 inflammasome for anti-inflammatory effects in viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Yue
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuelong Zhang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Miaoshen Lan
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongkui Li
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Pin Wan
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Guan L, Wen X, Zhang Z, Wang L, Zhang X, Yang M, Wang S, Qin Q. Grouper Rab1 inhibits nodovirus infection by affecting virus entry and host immune response. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 143:109136. [PMID: 37839541 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Rab1, a GTPase, is present in all eukaryotes, and is mainly involved in vesicle trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, thereby regulating many cellular activities and pathogenic infections. However, little is known of how Rab1 functions in fish during virus infection. Groupers (Epinephelus spp.) are high in economic value and widely cultivated in China and Southeast Asia, although they often suffer from diseases. Red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), a highly pathogenic RNA virus, is a major pathogen in cultured groupers, and causes huge economic losses. A series of host cellular proteins involved in RGNNV infection was identified. However, the impact of Rab1 on RGNNV infection has not yet been reported. In this study, a novel Rab1 homolog (EcRab1) from Epinephelus coioides was cloned, and its roles during virus infection and host immune responses were investigated. EcRab1 encoded a 202 amino acid polypeptide, showing 98% and 78% identity to Epinephelus lanceolatus and Homo sapiens, respectively. After challenge with RGNNV or poly(I:C), the transcription of EcRab1 was altered both in vitro and in vivo, implying that EcRab1 was involved in virus infection. Subcellular localization showed that EcRab1 was displayed as punctate structures in the cytoplasm, which was affected by EcRab1 mutants. The dominant negative (DN) EcRab1, enabling EcRab1 to remain in the GDP-binding state, caused EcRab1 to be diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm. Constitutively active (CA) EcRab1, enabling EcRab1 to remain in the GTP-binding state, induced larger cluster structures of EcRab1. During the late stage of RGNNV infection, some EcRab1 co-localized with RGNNV, and the size of EcRab1 clusters was enlarged. Importantly, overexpression of EcRab1 significantly inhibited RGNNV infection, and knockdown of EcRab1 promoted RGNNV infection. Furthermore, EcRab1 inhibited the entry of RGNNV to host cells. Compared with EcRab1, overexpression of DN EcRab1 or CA EcRab1 also promoted RGNNV infection, suggesting that EcRab1 regulated RGNNV infection, depending on the cycles of GTP- and GDP-binding states. In addition, EcRab1 positively regulated interferon (IFN) immune and inflammatory responses. Taken together, these results suggest that EcRab1 affects RGNNV infection, possibly by regulating host immunity. Our study furthers the understanding of Rab1 function during virus infection, thus helping to design new antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Guan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaozhi Wen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511464, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511464, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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9
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Chathuranga WAG, Nikapitiya C, Kim JH, Chathuranga K, Weerawardhana A, Dodantenna N, Kim DJ, Poo H, Jung JU, Lee CH, Lee JS. Gadd45β is critical for regulation of type I interferon signaling by facilitating G3BP-mediated stress granule formation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113358. [PMID: 37917584 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) constitute a signaling hub that plays a critical role in type I interferon responses. Here, we report that growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible beta (Gadd45β) act as a positive regulator of SG-mediated interferon signaling by targeting G3BP upon RNA virus infection. Gadd45β deficiency markedly impairs SG formation and SG-mediated activation of interferon signaling in vitro. Gadd45β knockout mice are highly susceptible to RNA virus infection, and their ability to produce interferon and cytokines is severely impaired. Specifically, Gadd45β interacts with the RNA-binding domain of G3BP, leading to conformational expansion of G3BP1 via dissolution of its autoinhibitory electrostatic intramolecular interaction. The acidic loop 1- and RNA-binding properties of Gadd45β markedly increase the conformational expansion and RNA-binding affinity of the G3BP1-Gadd45β complex, thereby promoting assembly of SGs. These findings suggest a role for Gadd45β as a component and critical regulator of G3BP1-mediated SG formation, which facilitates RLR-mediated interferon signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Gayan Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea; Livestock Products Analysis Division, Division of Animal Health, Daejeon Metropolitan City Institute of Health and Environment, Daejeon 34146, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea
| | - Asela Weerawardhana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea
| | - Niranjan Dodantenna
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Jin Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Haryoung Poo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae U Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRRIB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Moreno P, Gemez-Mata J, Alvarez-Torres D, Garcia-Rosado E, Bejar J, Alonso MC. Genomic characterization and transcription analysis of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) rtp3 genes. Mol Immunol 2023; 163:243-248. [PMID: 37879238 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Fish RTP3, belonging to the receptor-transporting protein family, display several functions, including a putative antiviral role as virus-responsive gene. In this work, we have identified and characterized two different European sea bass rtp3 genes. In addition, an in vivo transcription analysis in response to LPS, poly I:C and betanodavirus infection (RGNNV genotype) has been performed. The sequence analysis showed that European sea bass displays two rtp3 genes, X1 and X2, composed of two exons and a single intron (1007-bp and 888-bp long, respectively), located within the ORF sequence. The full-length cDNA is 1969 bp for rtp3 X1, and 1491 bp for rtp3 X2. Several ATTTA motifs have been found in the intron sequence of both genes, whereas rtp3 X1 also contains this motif in both untranslated regions. The transcription analyses revealed significant level of rtp3 X2 mRNA in brain and head kidney after LPS and poly I:C inoculation; however, the induction elicited by RGNNV infection was much higher, suggesting an essential role for this protein in controlling NNV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Moreno
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Gemez-Mata
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel Alvarez-Torres
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia-Rosado
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Julia Bejar
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Alonso
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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11
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Yao L, Zhang W, Chen X, Yi M, Jia K. Methyltransferase-like 3 suppresses red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infection by enhancing type I interferon responses in sea perch. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 140:108993. [PMID: 37573969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Methylation at the N6 position of adenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal mRNA modification in eukaryotes, tightly associating with regulation of viral life circles and immune responses. Here, a methyltransferase-like 3 homolog gene from sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus), designated LjMETTL3, was cloned and characterized, and its negative role in fish virus pathogenesis was uncovered. The cDNA of LjMETTL3 encoded a 601-amino acid protein with a MT-A70 domain, which shared the closest genetic relationship with Echeneis naucrates METTL3. Spatial expression analysis revealed that LjMETTL3 was more abundant in the immune tissues of sea perch post red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) or viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection. LjMETTL3 expression was significantly upregulated at 12 and 24 h post RGNNV and VHSV infection in vitro. In addition, ectopic expression of LjMETTL3 inhibited RGNNV and VHSV infection in LJB cells at 12 and 24 h post infection, whereas knockdown of LjMETTL3 led to opposite effects. Furthermore, we found that LjMETTL3 may participate in boosting the type I interferon responses by interacting with TANK-binding kinase. Taken together, these results disclosed the antiviral role of fish METTL3 against RGNNV and VHSV and provided evidence for understanding the potential mechanisms of fish METTL3 in antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Wanwan Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Meisheng Yi
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Kuntong Jia
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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12
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Li J, Zhang R, Wang C, Zhu J, Ren M, Jiang Y, Hou X, Du Y, Wu Q, Qi S, Li L, Chen S, Yang H, Hou F. WDR77 inhibits prion-like aggregation of MAVS to limit antiviral innate immune response. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4824. [PMID: 37563140 PMCID: PMC10415273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RIG-I-MAVS signaling pathway plays a crucial role in defending against pathogen infection and maintaining immune balance. Upon detecting viral RNA, RIG-I triggers the formation of prion-like aggregates of the adaptor protein MAVS, which then activates the innate antiviral immune response. However, the mechanisms that regulate the aggregation of MAVS are not yet fully understood. Here, we identified WDR77 as a MAVS-associated protein, which negatively regulates MAVS aggregation. WDR77 binds to MAVS proline-rich region through its WD2-WD3-WD4 domain and inhibits the formation of prion-like filament of recombinant MAVS in vitro. In response to virus infection, WDR77 is recruited to MAVS to prevent the formation of its prion-like aggregates and thus downregulate RIG-I-MAVS signaling in cells. WDR77 deficiency significantly potentiates the induction of antiviral genes upon negative-strand RNA virus infections, and myeloid-specific Wdr77-deficient mice are more resistant to RNA virus infection. Our findings reveal that WDR77 acts as a negative regulator of the RIG-I-MAVS signaling pathway by inhibiting the prion-like aggregation of MAVS to prevent harmful inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Changwan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Miao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yingbo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xianteng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yangting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shishi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - She Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fajian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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13
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Wei ZY, Wang ZX, Li JH, Wen YS, Gao D, Xia SY, Li YN, Pan XB, Liu YS, Jin YY, Chen JH. Host A-to-I RNA editing signatures in intracellular bacterial and single-strand RNA viral infections. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1121096. [PMID: 37081881 PMCID: PMC10112020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMicrobial infection is accompanied by remodeling of the host transcriptome. Involvement of A-to-I RNA editing has been reported during viral infection but remains to be elucidated during intracellular bacterial infections.ResultsHerein we analyzed A-to-I RNA editing during intracellular bacterial infections based on 18 RNA-Seq datasets of 210 mouse samples involving 7 tissue types and 8 intracellular bacterial pathogens (IBPs), and identified a consensus signature of RNA editing for IBP infections, mainly involving neutrophil-mediated innate immunity and lipid metabolism. Further comparison of host RNA editing patterns revealed remarkable similarities between pneumonia caused by IBPs and single-strand RNA (ssRNA) viruses, such as altered editing enzyme expression, editing site numbers, and levels. In addition, functional enrichment analysis of genes with RNA editing highlighted that the Rab GTPase family played a common and vital role in the host immune response to IBP and ssRNA viral infections, which was indicated by the consistent up-regulated RNA editing of Ras-related protein Rab27a. Nevertheless, dramatic differences between IBP and viral infections were also observed, and clearly distinguished the two types of intracellular infections.ConclusionOur study showed transcriptome-wide host A-to-I RNA editing alteration during IBP and ssRNA viral infections. By identifying and comparing consensus signatures of host A-to-I RNA editing, our analysis implicates the importance of host A-to-I RNA editing during these infections and provides new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Wei
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Wang
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Huan Li
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Shuo Wen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Gao
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shou-Yue Xia
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Ning Li
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu-Bin Pan
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Shan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory, Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Yun Jin
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Huan Chen, ; Yun-Yun Jin,
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Huan Chen, ; Yun-Yun Jin,
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14
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Qin Y, Zhang P, Deng S, Guo W, Zhang M, Liu H, Qiu R, Yao L. Red-grouper nervous necrosis virus B1 protein inhibits fish IFN response by targeting Ser5-phosphorylated RNA polymerase II to promote viral replication. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 134:108578. [PMID: 36740084 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) could infect more than 200 fish species worldwide, with almost 100% mortality in affected larvae and juvenile fish. Among different genotypes of NNV, the red-grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) genotype is the most widely reported with the highest number of susceptible species. Interferon (IFN) is a crucial antiviral cytokine and RGNNV needs to develop some efficient strategies to resist host IFN-stimulated antiviral immune. Although considerable researches on RGNNV, whether RGNNV B1 protein participates in regulating the host's IFN response remains unknown. Here, we reported that B1 protein acted as a transcript inhibition factor to suppress fish IFN production. We firstly found that ectopic expression of B1 protein significantly decreased IFN and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) mRNA levels and IFNφ1 promoter activity induced by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)]. Further studies showed that B1 protein inhibited the IFNφ1 promoter activity stimulated by the key RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) factors, including MDA5, MAVS, TBK1, IRF3, and IRF7 and decreased their protein levels. Moreover, B1 protein significantly inhibited the activity of constitutively active cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, which suggested that B1 protein was a transcription inhibitor. Western blot indicated that B1 protein decreased the Ser5 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) C-terminal domain (CTD). Together, our data demonstrated that RGNNV B1 protein was a host transcript antagonist, which intervened RNAP II Ser5-phosphorylation, inhibiting host IFN response and facilitating RGNNV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Qin
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang, 473061, China; Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang, 473061, China; Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Si Deng
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang, 473061, China; Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang, 473061, China; Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Mengfan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang, 473061, China; Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Haixiang Liu
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang, 473061, China; Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Reng Qiu
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang, 473061, China; Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang, 473061, China; Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang, 473061, China.
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15
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Sehrawat S, Garcia-Blanco MA. RNA virus infections and their effect on host alternative splicing. Antiviral Res 2023; 210:105503. [PMID: 36572191 PMCID: PMC9852092 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is evident that viral infection dramatically alters host gene expression, and these alterations have both pro- and anti-viral functions. While the effects of viral infection on transcription and translation have been comprehensively reviewed, less attention has been paid to the impact on alternative splicing of pre-messenger RNAs. Here we review salient examples of how viral infection leads to changes in alternative splicing and discuss how these changes impact infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Sehrawat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
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16
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Krishnan R, Jang YS, Kim JO, Yoon SY, Rajendran R, Oh MJ. Temperature dependent cellular, and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms underlying the antiviral immunity in sevenband grouper to nervous necrosis virus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 131:898-907. [PMID: 36334701 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the thermal optima of fish impacts changes in the physiology and immune response associated with infections. The present study showed that at suboptimal temperatures (17 °C), the host tries to evade viral infection by downregulating the inflammatory response through enhanced neuronal protection. There was significantly less abundance of IgM + B cells in the 17 °C group compared to that in the 25 °C group. An increased macrophage population (Iba1+) during the survival phase in fish challenged at 25 °C demonstrated inflammation. Optimal temperature challenge activated virus-induced senescence in brain cells, demonstrated with a heterochromatin-associated H3K9me3 histone mark. There was an abundant expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the brain of fish at the suboptimal challenge. Besides the cytokines, the expression of BDNF was significantly higher in the suboptimally challenged group, suggesting that its neuronal protection activity following NNV infection is mediated through TGFβ. The suboptimal challenge resulted in H3k9ac displaying transcriptional competency, activation of trained immunity H3K4me3, and enrichment of H3 histone-lysine-4 monomethylation (H3K4me1), resulting in a robust re-stimulatory immune response. The observations from the H4 modifications showed that besides H4K12ac and H4K20m3, all the assayed modifications were significantly higher in suboptimal convalescent fishes. The suboptimally challenged fish acquired more methylation along cytosine residues than the optimally infected fish. Together, these observations suggest that optimal temperature results in an immune priming effect, whereas the protection enabled in suboptimal convalescent fishes is operated through epigenetically controlled trained immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishnan
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59629, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yo-Seb Jang
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59629, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Oh Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Young Yoon
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59629, Republic of Korea.
| | - Rahul Rajendran
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59629, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung-Joo Oh
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59629, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Sandamalika WMG, Liyanage DS, Lim C, Yang H, Lee S, Jeong T, Wan Q, Lee J. Differential gene expression of red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) in response to lipopolysaccharide, poly I:C, and nervous necrosis virus revealed by RNA-seq data. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 131:939-944. [PMID: 36356858 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) is a popular aquaculture species with high commercial value in the food industry. However, some infectious diseases may cause mass mortality in cultural practice. Therefore, it is important to understand the immune responses of red-spotted groupers upon pathogenic invasion to develop successful disease prevention mechanisms. Here, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of red-spotted grouper head kidney stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), and nervous necrosis virus (NNV) and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using RNA-sequencing technology. Cluster analysis of the identified DEGs showed DEG distribution in nine separate clusters based on their expression patterns. However, significant upregulation of most DEGs was observed 6 h after poly I:C stimulation. The DEGs were functionally annotated using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, which revealed significant expression of many immune-related signaling pathways, including antiviral, protein translation, cellular protein catabolic process, inflammatory responses, DNA repair, and cell division. Furthermore, selected DEGs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR, confirming the reliability of our findings. Collectively, this study provides insight into the immune responses of red-spotted groupers, thereby expanding the understanding of fish immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Gayashani Sandamalika
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaehyeon Lim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Abstract
RNA viruses include respiratory viruses, such as coronaviruses and influenza viruses, as well as vector-borne viruses, like dengue and West Nile virus. RNA viruses like these encounter various environments when they copy themselves and spread from cell to cell or host to host. Ex vivo differences, such as geographical location and humidity, affect their stability and transmission, while in vivo differences, such as pH and host gene expression, impact viral receptor binding, viral replication, and the host immune response against the viral infection. A critical factor affecting RNA viruses both ex vivo and in vivo, and defining the outcome of viral infections and the direction of viral evolution, is temperature. In this minireview, we discuss the impact of temperature on viral replication, stability, transmission, and adaptation, as well as the host innate immune response. Improving our understanding of how RNA viruses function, survive, and spread at different temperatures will improve our models of viral replication and transmission risk analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Bisht
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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19
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Moreno P, Leiva-Rebollo R, Garcia-Rosado E, Bejar J, Alonso MC. Cytokine-like activity of European sea bass ISG15 protein on RGNNV-infected E-11 cells. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 128:612-619. [PMID: 36007830 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
IFN-I generates an antiviral state by inducing the expression of numerous genes, called IFN-stimulated genes, ISGs, including ISG15, which is the only ISG with cytokine-like activity. In a previous study, we developed the Dl_ISG15_E11 cell line, which consisted of E11 cells able to express and secrete sea bass ISG15. The current study is a step forward, analysing the effect of secreted sea bass ISG15 on RGNNV replication in E11 cells, and looking into its immunomodulatory activity in order to corroborate its cytokine-like activity. The medium from ISG15-produccing cells compromised RGNNV replication, as it has been demonstrated both, by reduction in the viral genome synthesis and, specially, in the yield of infective viral particles. The implication of sea bass ISG15 in this protection has been demonstrated by ISG15 removal, which decreased the percentage of surviving cells upon viral infection, and by incubation of RGNNV-infected cells with a recombinant sea bass ISG15 protein, which resulted in almost full protection. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory activity of extracellular sea bass ISG15 has been demonstrated, which reaffirms a cytokine-like role for this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Moreno
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul, IBYDA, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rocio Leiva-Rebollo
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul, IBYDA, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia-Rosado
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul, IBYDA, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Julia Bejar
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul, IBYDA, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Alonso
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul, IBYDA, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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20
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Errani F, Volpe E, Riera-Ferrer E, Caffara M, Padrós F, Gustinelli A, Fioravanti M, Ciulli S. Development and diagnostic validation of a one-step multiplex RT-PCR assay as a rapid method to detect and identify Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) and its variants circulating in the Mediterranean. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273802. [PMID: 36018889 PMCID: PMC9417010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) represents one of the most threatening pathogens for Mediterranean aquaculture. Several NNV strains are currently co-circulating in the Mediterranean Basin with a high prevalence of the RGNNV genotype and the RGNNV/SJNNV reassortant strain and a more limited diffusion of the SJNNV genotype and the SJNNV/RGNNV reassortant. In the present study, a one-step multiplex RT-PCR (mRT-PCR) assay was developed as an easy, cost-effective and rapid diagnostic technique to detect RGNNV and the reassortant RGNNV/SJNNV strain and to distinguish them from SJNNV and the reassortant SJNNV/RGNNV strain in a single RT-PCR reaction. A unique amplification profile was obtained for each genotype/reassortant enabling their rapid identification from cell culture lysates or directly from brain tissues of suspected fish. The method’s detection limit varied between 102.3 and 103.4 TCID50 ml-1 depending on viral strains. No cross-reacitivty with viruses and bacteria frequently associated with gilthead seabream, European seabass and marine environment was observed. The mRT-PCR was shown to be an accurate, rapid and affordable method to support traditional diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of VNN, being able to reduce considerably the time to identify the viral genotype or the involvement of reassortant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Errani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesenatico (FC), Italy
| | - Enrico Volpe
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesenatico (FC), Italy
| | | | - Monica Caffara
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Francesc Padrós
- Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Gustinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Marialetizia Fioravanti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Sara Ciulli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesenatico (FC), Italy
- * E-mail:
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21
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Chen X, Zhang W, Hu Z, Cui K, Yi M, Jia K. Sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) autophagy related gene 5 promotes RGNNV infection via inhibiting RLRs-interferon signaling pathway. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 127:910-917. [PMID: 35863535 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5), an essential component of autophagy machinery, is associated with innate immune responses. Here, the Atg5 of sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) (LjAtg5) was cloned and its role in regulating autophagy and interferon (IFN) response during red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection was investigated. The LjAtg5 cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 275 amino acids with an APG5 domain, and had the closet genetic relationship with Micropterus salmoides Atg5. Autophagic detection showed LjAtg5 was conserved in inducing cell autophagy. Spatial expression analysis revealed LjAtg5 had a higher expression level in liver, brain, and kidney tissues of RGNNV-infected sea perch compared with the control group. In RGNNV-infected LJB cells, overexpression of LjAtg5 significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of capsid protein, whereas knockdown of LjAtg5 led to the opposite effect, indicating LjAtg5 played a pro-viral role during RGNNV infection. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter assay revealed LjAtg5 significantly suppressed the activation of sea perch type I IFN promoter in vitro, and overexpression of LjAtg5 strongly weaken the expression of genes related to the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) signaling pathway and IFN stimulated genes. These results suggested LjAtg5 promoted RGNNV infection by negatively regulating RLRs-IFN signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Wanwan Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Zhe Hu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Kuopeng Cui
- Estuarine Fisheries Research Institute of Doumen, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Meisheng Yi
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Kuntong Jia
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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22
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Narayanan D, Moily N, McQuilten HA, Kedzierska K, Mackenzie JM, Kedzierski L, Fazakerley JK. Immature Brain Cortical Neurons Have Low Transcriptional Competence to Activate Antiviral Defences and Control RNA Virus Infections. J Innate Immun 2022; 15:50-66. [PMID: 35738238 PMCID: PMC10643910 DOI: 10.1159/000525291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infections of the central nervous system (CNS) cause important diseases of humans and animals. As in other tissues, innate antiviral responses mediated by type I interferons (IFNs) are crucially important in controlling CNS virus infections. The maturity of neuronal populations is an established critical factor determining the outcome of CNS virus infection. Using primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons, we investigated the relationships between neuronal maturation, type I IFN responses, and the outcome of Semliki Forest virus infection. The virus replicated better, infected more cells, and produced higher titres of infectious viruses in immature neurons. Complete transcriptome analysis demonstrated that resting immature neurons have low transcriptional competence to mount antiviral responses. They had no detectable transcription of the genes Ddx58 and Ifih1, which encode key RNA virus cytoplasmic sensors RIG-I and MDA5, and very low expression of genes encoding key regulators of associated signalling pathways. Upon infection, immature neurons failed to mount an antiviral response as evidenced by their failure to produce chemokines, IFNs, and other cytokines. Treatment of immature neurons with exogenous IFNβ prior to infection resulted in antiviral responses and lower levels of virus replication and infectious virus production. In contrast, resting mature neurons generated a robust antiviral response. This was augmented by pretreatment with IFNβ. Infection of mature neurons derived from IFNAR-/- mice did not make an antiviral response and replicated virus to high levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Narayanan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nagaraj Moily
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hayley A. McQuilten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason M. Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John K. Fazakerley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences at the Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Kaplan M, Pekmez K, Cagirgan AA, Arslan F, Özkan B, Kalaycı G. The first detection of betanodavirus reassortant genotype (RGNNV/SJNNV) isolated from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in the Turkish coastlines: The importance of screening and monitoring studies for identifying the source of the infection. J Fish Dis 2022; 45:783-793. [PMID: 35262204 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is now endemic in the Mediterranean basin and the RGNNV genotype betanodavirus has caused frequent epidemics in European sea bass for a long time. Unexpected and increasing VNN epidemics have been reported in gilthead sea bream (GSB) farms in the last few years, from which the RGNNV/SJNNV genotype has been mostly isolated. The aim of this study was to perform a molecular characterization of the betanodavirus isolated from GSB (weighing 90-100 g) in a marine fish farm in the Aegean Sea and also, as an early warning exercise, to investigate the presence/absence of the virus in associated nearby farms (n:20) and in hatcheries (n:3). No virus was detected in any of the nearby farms or two hatcheries. However, in one hatchery, betanodavirus was detected in a 160-day-old GSB. The identified betanodavirus was genotyped as reassortant RGNNV/SJNNV and was phylogenetically related to the virus detected in the farm located in the Aegean sea. There have been multiple detections of the RGNNV genotype in Turkish coastal waters; however, the RGNNV/SJNNV genotype has been detected for the first time and it should be an early warning to focus attention on betanodaviruses in Turkish aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kaplan
- Virology Department, Izmir/Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Pekmez
- Virology Department, Izmir/Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Fatih Arslan
- Virology Department, Izmir/Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Buket Özkan
- Virology Department, Izmir/Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Kalaycı
- Virology Department, Izmir/Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Izmir, Turkey
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24
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García-Álvarez MÁ, Arizcun M, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A. Profile of Innate Immunity in Gilthead Seabream Larvae Reflects Mortality upon Betanodavirus Reassortant Infection and Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095092. [PMID: 35563482 PMCID: PMC9105140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) has been considered a fish species resistant to nervous necrosis virus (NNV) disease. Nevertheless, mortality in seabream hatcheries, associated with typical clinical signs of the viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) disease has been confirmed to be caused by RGNNV/SJNNV reassortants. Because of this, seabream larvae at 37 and 86 days post-hatching (dph) were infected by immersion with RGNNV/SJNNV and SJNNV/RGNNV reassortants under laboratory conditions, and mortality, viral replication and immunity were evaluated. Our results show that gilthead seabream larvae, mainly those at 37 dph, are susceptible to infection with both NNV reassortant genotypes, with the highest impact from the RGNNV/SJNNV reassortant. In addition, viral replication occurs at both ages (37 and 86 dph) but the recovery of infective particles was only confirmed in 37 dph larvae,; this value was also highest with the RGNNV/SJNNV reassortant. Larvae immunity, including the expression of antiviral, inflammatory and cell-mediated cytotoxicity genes, was affected by NNV infection. Levels of the natural killer lysin (Nkl) peptide were increased in SJNNV/RGNNV-infected larvae of 37 dph, though hepcidin was not. Our results demonstrate that the seabream larvae are susceptible to both NNV reassortants, though mainly to RGNNV/SJNNV, in an age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel García-Álvarez
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Marta Arizcun
- Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Spanish National Research Council (IEO-CSIC), Carretera de la Azohía s/n. Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.); (E.C.-P.)
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Spanish National Research Council (IEO-CSIC), Carretera de la Azohía s/n. Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.); (E.C.-P.)
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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25
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Adamek M, Rebl A, Matras M, Lodder C, Abd El Rahman S, Stachnik M, Rakus K, Bauer J, Falco A, Jung-Schroers V, Piewbang C, Techangamsuwan S, Surachetpong W, Reichert M, Tetens J, Steinhagen D. Immunological insights into the resistance of Nile tilapia strains to an infection with tilapia lake virus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 124:118-133. [PMID: 35367372 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of viral diseases affecting fish and causing very high mortality can lead to the disruption of aquaculture production. Recently, this occurred in Nile tilapia aquaculture where a disease caused by a systemic infection with a novel virus named tilapia lake virus (TiLV) caused havoc in cultured populations. With mortality surpassing 90% in young tilapia, the disease caused by TiLV has become a serious challenge for global tilapia aquaculture. In order to partly mitigate the losses, we explored the natural resistance to TiLV-induced disease in three genetic strains of tilapia which were kept at the University of Göttingen, Germany. We used two strains originating from Nilotic regions (Lake Mansala (MAN) and Lake Turkana (ELM)) and one from an unknown location (DRE). We were able to show that the virus is capable of overcoming the natural resistance of tilapia when injected, providing inaccurate mortality results that might complicate finding the resistant strains. Using the cohabitation infection model, we found an ELM strain that did not develop any clinical signs of the infection, which resulted in nearly 100% survival rate. The other two strains (DRE and MAN) showed severe clinical signs and much lower survival rates of 29.3% in the DRE strain and 6.7% in the MAN strain. The disease resistance of tilapia from the ELM strain was correlated with lower viral loads both at the mucosa and internal tissues. Our results suggest that the lower viral load could be caused by a higher magnitude of a mx1-based antiviral response in the initial phase of infection. The lower pro-inflammatory responses also found in the resistant strain might additionally contribute to its protection from developing pathological changes related to the disease. In conclusion, our results suggest the possibility of using TiLV-resistant strains as an ad hoc, cost-effective solution to the TiLV challenge. However, as the fish from the disease-resistant strain still retained significant virus loads in liver and brain and thus could become persistent virus carriers, they should be used within an integrative approach also combining biosecurity, diagnostics and vaccination measures.\.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Marek Matras
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Christian Lodder
- Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sahar Abd El Rahman
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Magdalena Stachnik
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rakus
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Julia Bauer
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alberto Falco
- Institute of Research, Development, and Innovation in Healthcare Biotechnology in Elche (IDiBE), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Verena Jung-Schroers
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chutchai Piewbang
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michal Reichert
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jens Tetens
- Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Center for Integrated Breeding Research, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Wu S, Sun M, Zhang L, Kang S, Liao J, Zhu Z, Chen H, Xu Z, Xu L, Zhang X, Wei J, Qin Q. Grouper TRAF3 inhibits nodavirus infection by regulating the STING-mediated antiviral signaling pathway. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 123:172-181. [PMID: 35276350 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) are major signal transducers for the TNF and interleukin-1/Toll-like receptor superfamilies that transduce signals from various immune receptors. To investigate the interaction of TRAF3 and other proteins in signaling pathways and to identify its antiviral function in teleosts, we cloned and characterized a TRAF3 homolog from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) (EcTRAF3). The open reading frame of EcTRAF3 consists of 1767 base pairs encoding a 588 amino acid protein, and the predicted molecular mass is 66.71 kDa EcTRAF3 shares 99.83% identity with TRAF3 of Epinephelus lanceolatus. Expression analysis revealed that EcTRAF3 was broadly distributed in examined tissues and was up-regulated under polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) stimulation in vivo. EcTRAF3 was identified as a cytosolic protein based on fluorescence microscopy analysis. Overexpression of EcTRAF3 inhibited RGNNV replication in grouper spleen cells, and it interacted with the coat protein of RGNNV. Overexpression of EcTRAF3 also induced the activation of interferon β (IFN-β), IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). EcTRAF3 co-transfected with Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) of grouper (EcSTING) induced a significantly higher level of IFN-β promoter activity. Moreover, EcTRAF3 interacted with EcSTING, implying that EcTRAF3 may function as an enhancer in EcSTING-mediated signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that EcTRAF3 negatively regulates the RGNNV-induced cellular antiviral response and plays an important role in the immune response system of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Wu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Mengshi Sun
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Luhao Zhang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Shaozhu Kang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Jiaming Liao
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Zhuqing Xu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Linting Xu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Jingguang Wei
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), 528478, China.
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Vázquez-Salgado L, Olveira JG, Bandín I. Nervous necrosis virus viability modulation by water salinity and temperature. J Fish Dis 2022; 45:561-568. [PMID: 35007369 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a hazardous aquatic pathogen, distributed worldwide and in a wide range of temperatures. Viral persistence in water has been demonstrated to be affected by different factors, such as temperature, UV, or biological load. In this study, we have investigated the viability of NNV strains in low- and high-salinity seawater (LS and HS, respectively) both in laboratory and aquarium conditions, at different storage temperatures, and for comparative purposes, in culture medium. Our results showed the highest NNV viability in seawater at 15°C and as temperature increased, a drop in viral persistence was observed. Additionally, survival at 15 and 30°C was strongly affected by increasing salt content, while no differences were observed between LS and HS groups at 20 and 25°C. The results of the incubation under aquarium conditions indicated that the effect of UV light and oxygen exposure accelerate the inactivation of infective particles. According to previous studies, NNV persistence in cell culture medium was higher than in seawater, and as observed in the latter, increasing incubation temperatures led to a decrease in viral survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Vázquez-Salgado
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose G Olveira
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabel Bandín
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a neurotropic pathogenic virus affecting a multitude of marine and freshwater fish species that has a high economic impact on aquaculture farms worldwide. Therefore, the development of new tools and strategies aimed at reducing the mortality caused by this virus is a pivotal need. Although zebrafish is not considered a natural host for NNV, the numerous experimental advantages of this species make zebrafish an attractive model for studying different aspects of the disease caused by NNV, viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER). In this work, we established the best way and age to infect zebrafish larvae with NNV, obtaining significant mortalities in 3-day-postfertilization larvae when the virus was inoculated directly into the brain or by intramuscular microinjection. As occurs in naturally susceptible fish species, we confirmed that after intramuscular injection the virus was able to migrate to the central nervous system (CNS). As expected, due to the severe damage that this virus causes to the CNS, alterations in the swimming behavior of the zebrafish larvae were also observed. Taking advantage of the existence of transgenic fluorescent zebrafish lines, we were able to track the migration of different innate immune cells, mainly neutrophils, to the site of infection with NNV via the brain. However, we did not observe colocalization between the viral particles and neutrophils. RNA-Seq analysis of NNV-infected and uninfected larvae at 1, 3 and 5 days postinfection (dpi) revealed a powerful modulation of the antiviral immune response, especially at 5 dpi. We found that this response was dominated by, though not restricted to, the type I interferon system, the major defence mechanism in the innate immune response against viral pathogens. Therefore, as zebrafish larvae are able to develop the main characteristic of NNV infection and respond with an efficient immune arsenal, we confirmed the suitability of zebrafish larvae for modelling VER disease and studying different aspects of NNV pathogenesis, immune response and screening of antiviral drugs.
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29
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Liang Z, Zhang S, Zou Z, Li J, Wu R, Xia L, Shi G, Cai J, Tang J, Jian J. Functional characterization of BAG3 in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) during viral infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 122:465-475. [PMID: 35218970 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is a cochaperone protein that interacts with Bcl-2 and mediate cell death. However, little is known about the roles of fish BAG3 during viral infection. In this study, we characterized a BAG3 homolog from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) (EcBAG3) and investigated its roles during viral infection. The EcBAG3 protein encoded 579 amino acids with typical WW, PXXP and BAG domains, which shared high identities with reported fish BAG3. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that EcBAG3 was highly expressed in brain and heart. And the expression of EcBAG3 was significantly up-regulated after red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) stimulation in vitro. EcBAG3 overexpression could promoted the expression of viral genes (coat protein (CP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)), which was enhanced by co-transfection with Hsp70 and Hsp22. Also, EcBAG3 overexpression up-regulated the expression of LC3-Ⅱ and down-regulated the expression of Bax and BNIP3, the IFN- (IRF1, IRF3, IRF7, IFP35, Mx1) or inflammation-related (IL-1β and TNFα) factors, as well as decreased the activities of NF-κB, ISRE and IFN-3. While knockdown of EcBAG3 decreased the transcripts of RGNNV CP gene and RdRp gene. Further studies showed that EcBAG3 knockdown impaired the expression level of autophagy factor LC3-Ⅱ, and promoted the expression level of Bax and BNIP3, inflammatory factors and interferon factors. These data indicate that EcBAG3 can affect viral infection through modulating virus-induced cell death, regulating the expression of IFN- and inflammation-related factors, which will be helpful to further explore the immune response of fish during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Liang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), 524002, PR China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), 524002, PR China
| | - Zihong Zou
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), 524002, PR China
| | - Jinze Li
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), 524002, PR China
| | - Rimin Wu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), 524002, PR China
| | - Liqun Xia
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Gang Shi
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), 524002, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China; Guangxi Key Lab for Marine Natural Products and Combinational Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Centre, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China.
| | - Jufen Tang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), 524002, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
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30
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Zhu S, Miao B, Zhang YZ, Wang DS, Wang GX. Amantadine, a promising therapeutic agent against viral encephalopathy and retinopathy. J Fish Dis 2022; 45:451-459. [PMID: 34962648 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) in marine and freshwater species severely devastate the aquaculture worldwide. The causative agent of VER is nervous necrosis virus (NNV), which mainly infects the early developmental stages of fish, limiting the effectiveness of vaccines. To counter this case, the anti-NNV potentials of nine drugs with broad-spectrum antiviral activity were explored using ribavirin as a positive drug. Toxicity of the selected drugs to SSN-1 cells and grouper was firstly evaluated to determine the safety concentrations. For screening in vitro, amantadine and oseltamivir phosphate can relieve the cytopathic effects and inhibit NNV replication with the 90% inhibitory concentrations (IC90 ) of 38.74 and 106.75 mg/L, respectively. Amantadine has a stronger anti-NNV activity than ribavirin at the with- and post-NNV infection stages, indicating that it is a potential therapeutic agent against VER by acting directly on NNV. Similarly, amantadine also has a strong anti-NNV activity in vivo with the IC90 of 27.91 mg/L at the 7 days post-infection, while that was 73.25 mg/L for ribavirin. Following exposure to amantadine (40 mg/L) and ribavirin (100 mg/L) for 7 days, the survival rates of NNV-infected grouper were increased to 44% and 39%, respectively. The maximum amantadine content (11.88 mg/Kg) in grouper brain was reached following exposure for 24 hr, and amantadine can be quickly excreted from fish, reducing the risk of drug residue. Results so far indicated that amantadine is a promising therapeutic agent against NNV in aquaculture, providing an effective strategy for VER control at the early developmental stages of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Miao
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - De-Shou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Dolnik O, Gerresheim GK, Biedenkopf N. New Perspectives on the Biogenesis of Viral Inclusion Bodies in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infections. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061460. [PMID: 34200781 PMCID: PMC8230417 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections by negative strand RNA viruses (NSVs) induce the formation of viral inclusion bodies (IBs) in the host cell that segregate viral as well as cellular proteins to enable efficient viral replication. The induction of those membrane-less viral compartments leads inevitably to structural remodeling of the cellular architecture. Recent studies suggested that viral IBs have properties of biomolecular condensates (or liquid organelles), as have previously been shown for other membrane-less cellular compartments like stress granules or P-bodies. Biomolecular condensates are highly dynamic structures formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Key drivers for LLPS in cells are multivalent protein:protein and protein:RNA interactions leading to specialized areas in the cell that recruit molecules with similar properties, while other non-similar molecules are excluded. These typical features of cellular biomolecular condensates are also a common characteristic in the biogenesis of viral inclusion bodies. Viral IBs are predominantly induced by the expression of the viral nucleoprotein (N, NP) and phosphoprotein (P); both are characterized by a special protein architecture containing multiple disordered regions and RNA-binding domains that contribute to different protein functions. P keeps N soluble after expression to allow a concerted binding of N to the viral RNA. This results in the encapsidation of the viral genome by N, while P acts additionally as a cofactor for the viral polymerase, enabling viral transcription and replication. Here, we will review the formation and function of those viral inclusion bodies upon infection with NSVs with respect to their nature as biomolecular condensates.
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Evans AS, Lennemann NJ, Coyne CB. BPIFB3 interacts with ARFGAP1 and TMED9 to regulate non-canonical autophagy and RNA virus infection. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs251835. [PMID: 33277377 PMCID: PMC7929927 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.251835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradative cellular pathway that targets cytoplasmic contents and organelles for turnover by the lysosome. Various autophagy pathways play key roles in the clearance of viral infections, and many families of viruses have developed unique methods for avoiding degradation. Some positive-stranded RNA viruses, such as enteroviruses and flaviviruses, usurp the autophagic pathway to promote their own replication. We previously identified the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized protein BPIFB3 as an important negative regulator of non-canonical autophagy that uniquely impacts the replication of enteroviruses and flaviviruses. Here, we find that many components of the canonical autophagy machinery are not required for BPIFB3 depletion-induced autophagy and identify the host factors that facilitate its role in the replication of enteroviruses and flaviviruses. Using proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID) followed by mass spectrometry, we identify ARFGAP1 and TMED9 as two cellular components that interact with BPIFB3 to regulate autophagy and viral replication. Importantly, our data demonstrate that non-canonical autophagy in mammalian cells can be controlled outside of the traditional pathway regulators and define the role of two proteins in BPIFB3 depletion mediated non-canonical autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azia S Evans
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Nicholas J Lennemann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845, 19th St S, Birmingham, AL 35222, USA
| | - Carolyn B Coyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Richard K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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33
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Mishra R, Krishnamoorthy P, Gangamma S, Raut AA, Kumar H. Particulate matter (PM 10) enhances RNA virus infection through modulation of innate immune responses. Environ Pollut 2020; 266:115148. [PMID: 32771845 PMCID: PMC7357538 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sensing of pathogens by specialized receptors is the hallmark of the innate immunity. Innate immune response also mounts a defense response against various allergens and pollutants including particulate matter present in the atmosphere. Air pollution has been included as the top threat to global health declared by WHO which aims to cover more than three billion people against health emergencies from 2019 to 2023. Particulate matter (PM), one of the major components of air pollution, is a significant risk factor for many human diseases and its adverse effects include morbidity and premature deaths throughout the world. Several clinical and epidemiological studies have identified a key link between the PM existence and the prevalence of respiratory and inflammatory disorders. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. Here, we investigated the influence of air pollutant, PM10 (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) during RNA virus infections using Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) - H5N1 virus. We thus characterized the transcriptomic profile of lung epithelial cell line, A549 treated with PM10 prior to H5N1infection, which is known to cause severe lung damage and respiratory disease. We found that PM10 enhances vulnerability (by cellular damage) and regulates virus infectivity to enhance overall pathogenic burden in the lung cells. Additionally, the transcriptomic profile highlights the connection of host factors related to various metabolic pathways and immune responses which were dysregulated during virus infection. Collectively, our findings suggest a strong link between the prevalence of respiratory illness and its association with the air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Mishra
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - Pandikannan Krishnamoorthy
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - S Gangamma
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK), Surathkal, Mangaluru, 575025, Karnataka, India; Centre for Water Food and Environment, IIT Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Ashwin Ashok Raut
- Pathogenomics Laboratory, ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), OIE Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Bhopal, 462021, MP, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India; WPI Immunology, Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka, 5650871, Japan.
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Abstract
The RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are double-stranded RNA-binding proteins that play a role in initiating and modulating cell intrinsic immunity through the recognition of RNA features typically absent from the host transcriptome. While they are initially characterized in the context of RNA virus infection, evidence has now accumulated establishing the role of RLRs in DNA virus infection. Here, we review recent advances in the RLR-mediated restriction of DNA virus infection with an emphasis on the RLR ligands sensed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John Karijolich
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Zhang W, Jia P, Liu W, Jia K, Yi M. Screening for Antiviral Medaka Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells by Genome Wide Mutagenesis. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2019; 21:186-195. [PMID: 30617926 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-09870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), one of the most prevalent fish pathogens, has caused significant losses in both yield and economy to the aquaculture. Host factors involved in NNV infection remain to be identified due to the lack of ideal model for the study of NNV and host interaction. Haploid stem cells have proven to be ideal materials in genetic screens. Here, we generated a cell line HX1G1 (simply named G1) with the activity against red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-mediated whole genome random mutagenesis from the haploid embryonic stem cell HX1a, a cell clone from haploid cell line HX1 that we previously derived from the medaka fish. G1 cells retained the characteristics of haploidy and pluripotency as indicated by the EBs differentiation ability after genetic mutagenesis. Compared with HX1a cells, no typical cytopathic effects were observed, and the expression of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) was significantly reduced in G1 cells post RGNNV infection, indicating the enhanced anti-RGNNV activity of G1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that RGNNV entry into G1 cells was partially inhibited, and this inhibition might be relevant to the induced mutation of heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) which was decisive for NNV entry. Interestingly, G1 cells were to some extent permissive to RGNNV infection, but RGNNV was spontaneously cleared in G1 cells during serial passage. In addition, we also found that the expression levels of interferon (IFN)-related genes were higher in G1 cells than those in HX1a cells, suggesting that viral clearance might be associated with the elevated expression of IFN-related genes in G1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Jia
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong, China
| | - Kuntong Jia
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong, China.
| | - Meisheng Yi
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong, China.
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Li J, Wang T, Evans JD, Rose R, Zhao Y, Li Z, Li J, Huang S, Heerman M, Rodríguez-García C, Banmekea O, Brister JR, Hatcher EL, Cao L, Hamilton M, Chen Y. The Phylogeny and Pathogenesis of Sacbrood Virus (SBV) Infection in European Honey Bees, Apis mellifera. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010061. [PMID: 30646581 PMCID: PMC6357158 DOI: 10.3390/v11010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses that contain single-stranded RNA genomes of positive sense make up the largest group of pathogens infecting honey bees. Sacbrood virus (SBV) is one of the most widely distributed honey bee viruses and infects the larvae of honey bees, resulting in failure to pupate and death. Among all of the viruses infecting honey bees, SBV has the greatest number of complete genomes isolated from both European honey bees Apis mellifera and Asian honey bees A. cerana worldwide. To enhance our understanding of the evolution and pathogenicity of SBV, in this study, we present the first report of whole genome sequences of two U.S. strains of SBV. The complete genome sequences of the two U.S. SBV strains were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers: MG545286.1 and MG545287.1. Both SBV strains show the typical genomic features of the Iflaviridae family. The phylogenetic analysis of the single polyprotein coding region of the U.S. strains, and other GenBank SBV submissions revealed that SBV strains split into two distinct lineages, possibly reflecting host affiliation. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 5′UTR revealed a monophyletic clade with the deep parts of the tree occupied by SBV strains from both A. cerane and A. mellifera, and the tips of branches of the tree occupied by SBV strains from A. mellifera. The study of the cold stress on the pathogenesis of the SBV infection showed that cold stress could have profound effects on sacbrood disease severity manifested by increased mortality of infected larvae. This result suggests that the high prevalence of sacbrood disease in early spring may be due to the fluctuating temperatures during the season. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the evolution and pathogenesis of SBV infection in honey bees, and have important epidemiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Li
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Tingyun Wang
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jay D Evans
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Robyn Rose
- USDA APHIS, National Program Manager for Honey Bee Health, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA.
| | - Yazhou Zhao
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhiguo Li
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jilian Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shaokang Huang
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Matthew Heerman
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-García
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
- Laboratorio de Patología Apícola, Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental, IRIAF, Consejería de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 19180 Marchamalo, Spain.
| | - Olubukola Banmekea
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - J Rodney Brister
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Eneida L Hatcher
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Lianfei Cao
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Michele Hamilton
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Yanping Chen
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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37
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Dalmo RA. DNA vaccines for fish: Review and perspectives on correlates of protection. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1-9. [PMID: 29064091 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently in 2016, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommended granting a marketing authorization in the EU for "Clynav," a DNA vaccine against salmon pancreas disease (salmonid alphavirus-3). Generally, DNA vaccines induce both early and late immune responses in fish that may be protective against disease. Several transcriptomic approaches have been performed to map immunome profiles following DNA vaccination, but the precise immune mechanism(s) that is responsible for protection is not known, although reasonable suggestions have been made. The current review includes an overview on main transcriptomic findings from microarray experiments after DNA vaccination against VHSV, IHNV, HIRRV and IPNV-with considerations of what can be considered as correlates of protection (CoP) or merely a surrogate of protection. Identification and use of correlates of protection (COPs) may be a strategic tool for accelerated and targeted vaccine design, testing and licensure. General rules on what can be considered as CoPs can be extracted from past knowledge on protective immune responses following vaccination that induced protection. Lastly, there will be an overview on non-viral molecular adjuvants that have been exploited to obtain higher vaccine potencies and efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Dalmo
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries & Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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38
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Fan Y, Guo YR, Yuan W, Zhou Y, Holt MV, Wang T, Demeler B, Young NL, Zhong W, Tao YJ. Structure of a pentameric virion-associated fiber with a potential role in Orsay virus entry to host cells. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006231. [PMID: 28241071 PMCID: PMC5344674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide use of Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism, the first virus naturally infecting this organism was not discovered until six years ago. The Orsay virus and its related nematode viruses have a positive-sense RNA genome, encoding three proteins: CP, RdRP, and a novel δ protein that shares no homology with any other proteins. δ can be expressed either as a free δ or a CP-δ fusion protein by ribosomal frameshift, but the structure and function of both δ and CP-δ remain unknown. Using a combination of electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, computational and biophysical analyses, here we show that the Orsay δ protein forms a ~420-Å long, pentameric fiber with an N-terminal α-helical bundle, a β-stranded filament in the middle, and a C-terminal head domain. The pentameric nature of the δ fiber has been independently confirmed by both mass spectrometry and analytical ultracentrifugation. Recombinant Orsay capsid containing CP-δ shows protruding long fibers with globular heads at the distal end. Mutant viruses with disrupted CP-δ fibers were generated by organism-based reverse genetics. These viruses were found to be either non-viable or with poor infectivity according to phenotypic and qRT-PCR analyses. Furthermore, addition of purified δ proteins to worm culture greatly reduced Orsay infectivity in a sequence-specific manner. Based on the structure resemblance between the Orsay CP-δ fiber and the fibers from reovirus and adenovirus, we propose that CP-δ functions as a cell attachment protein to mediate Orsay entry into worm intestine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Fan
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, MS-140, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yusong R. Guo
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, MS-140, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wang Yuan
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, MS-140, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, MS-140, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matthew V. Holt
- Verna & Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Tao Wang
- Verna & Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Borries Demeler
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Biochemistry, MC 7760, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicolas L. Young
- Verna & Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Weiwei Zhong
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, MS-140, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yizhi J. Tao
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, MS-140, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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39
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Abstract
White tail disease (WTD) kills prawn larvae and causes drastic losses to the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) industry. The main causative agent of WTD is Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV). The N-terminal end of the MrNV capsid protein is very rich in positively charged amino acids and is postulated to interact with RNA molecules. N-terminal and internal deletion mutagenesis revealed that the RNA-binding region is located at positions 20-29, where 80 % of amino acids are positively charged. Substitution of all these positively charged residues with alanine abolished the RNA binding. Mutants without the RNA-binding region still assembled into virus-like particles, suggesting that this region is not a part of the capsid assembly domain. This paper is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to report the specific RNA-binding region of MrNV capsid protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zee Hong Goh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azmina Syakirin Mohd
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Guan Tan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Subha Bhassu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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40
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Wang B, Xi X, Lei X, Zhang X, Cui S, Wang J, Jin Q, Zhao Z. Enterovirus 71 protease 2Apro targets MAVS to inhibit anti-viral type I interferon responses. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003231. [PMID: 23555247 PMCID: PMC3605153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the major causative pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Its pathogenicity is not fully understood, but innate immune evasion is likely a key factor. Strategies to circumvent the initiation and effector phases of anti-viral innate immunity are well known; less well known is whether EV71 evades the signal transduction phase regulated by a sophisticated interplay of cellular and viral proteins. Here, we show that EV71 inhibits anti-viral type I interferon (IFN) responses by targeting the mitochondrial anti-viral signaling (MAVS) protein--a unique adaptor molecule activated upon retinoic acid induced gene-I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation associated gene (MDA-5) viral recognition receptor signaling--upstream of type I interferon production. MAVS was cleaved and released from mitochondria during EV71 infection. An in vitro cleavage assay demonstrated that the viral 2A protease (2A(pro)), but not the mutant 2A(pro) (2A(pro)-110) containing an inactivated catalytic site, cleaved MAVS. The Protease-Glo assay revealed that MAVS was cleaved at 3 residues between the proline-rich and transmembrane domains, and the resulting fragmentation effectively inactivated downstream signaling. In addition to MAVS cleavage, we found that EV71 infection also induced morphologic and functional changes to the mitochondria. The EV71 structural protein VP1 was detected on purified mitochondria, suggesting not only a novel role for mitochondria in the EV71 replication cycle but also an explanation of how EV71-derived 2A(pro) could approach MAVS. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel strategy employed by EV71 to escape host anti-viral innate immunity that complements the known EV71-mediated immune-evasion mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Xi
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Lei
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fenyang College Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Cui
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Jin
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhendong Zhao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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41
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Wang B, Koga K, Osuga Y, Cardenas I, Izumi G, Takamura M, Hirata T, Yoshino O, Hirota Y, Harada M, Mor G, Taketani Y. Toll-like receptor-3 ligation-induced indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase expression in human trophoblasts. Endocrinology 2011; 152:4984-92. [PMID: 21952237 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme that degrades an essential amino acid, tryptophan, and plays a role in inhibiting the proliferation of T cells and intracellular pathogens. Inhibiting IDO in mice leads to fetal rejection, suggesting its significance in establishing pregnancy. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) is a key component of the innate immune system that recognizes viral double-stranded RNA and triggers immune reactions by producing type I interferon. Using a human trophoblast cell culture system, we studied the effect of TLR-3 ligation on IDO expression and function by treating trophoblasts with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] (a synthetic double stranded RNA, which mimics viral RNA). Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that IDO mRNA and protein expression was significantly induced by poly(I:C). The activity of IDO was also increased by poly(I:C) given that the L-kynurenine concentrations were elevated in conditioned media. Conditioned media from poly(I:C)-treated trophoblasts were found to inhibit the proliferation of human T cells significantly. Poly(I:C) was also shown to induce interferon (IFN)-β mRNA expression in trophoblasts. Recombinant human IFN-β increased IDO mRNA expression in trophoblasts more rapidly than poly(I:C). Pretreating with neutralizing antibody against IFN-β significantly suppressed IDO induction by poly(I:C). Collectively we have demonstrated that ligation of TLR-3 by poly(I:C) induces IDO expression in human first-trimester trophoblasts via an IFN-β-dependent pathway. These findings suggest that upon viral infection, trophoblasts induce IDO and in turn contribute to antimicrobial activity and maintenance of fetomaternal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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42
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Abstract
Insect BTI-TN-5B1-4 (Tn5) cells have been used extensively with recombinant baculoviruses to express foreign genes. When a recombinant baculovirus containing the hepatitis E virus capsid protein gene was used to infect Tn5 cells, unknown virus particles in addition to the anticipated hepatitis E virus-like particles were produced in the infected cells. The unknown virus particles were 35 nm in diameter and contained RNA that was highly homologous to full-length RNA1 (3,107 bp) and RNA2 (1,383 bp) genomic RNAs of flock house virus. Surprisingly, both RNAs seen in these induced nodavirus particles could be amplified from commercially available Tn5 cells without infection with or induction by a baculovirus. The nucleotide sequences from the purified nodavirus particles and the normal Tn5 cells were identical, demonstrating that the Tn5 cells themselves were latently infected with a nodavirus. However, the generation of nodavirus particles was significantly stimulated by infection with recombinant baculoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that this new nodavirus belongs to the genus Alphanodavirus in the family Nodaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Cheng Li
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
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43
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Huang JN, Lin L, Weng SP, He JG. High expression of capsid protein of red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus in an avian cell line requires viral RNA2 non-coding regions. J Fish Dis 2007; 30:439-44. [PMID: 17584441 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J N Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, China
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44
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Roberts A, Deming D, Paddock CD, Cheng A, Yount B, Vogel L, Herman BD, Sheahan T, Heise M, Genrich GL, Zaki SR, Baric R, Subbarao K. A mouse-adapted SARS-coronavirus causes disease and mortality in BALB/c mice. PLoS Pathog 2007; 3:e5. [PMID: 17222058 PMCID: PMC1769406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
No single animal model for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) reproduces all aspects of the human disease. Young inbred mice support SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) replication in the respiratory tract and are available in sufficient numbers for statistical evaluation. They are relatively inexpensive and easily accessible, but their use in SARS research is limited because they do not develop illness following infection. Older (12- to 14-mo-old) BALB/c mice develop clinical illness and pneumonitis, but they can be hard to procure, and immune senescence complicates pathogenesis studies. We adapted the SARS-CoV (Urbani strain) by serial passage in the respiratory tract of young BALB/c mice. Fifteen passages resulted in a virus (MA15) that is lethal for mice following intranasal inoculation. Lethality is preceded by rapid and high titer viral replication in lungs, viremia, and dissemination of virus to extrapulmonary sites accompanied by lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and pathological changes in the lungs. Abundant viral antigen is extensively distributed in bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar pneumocytes, and necrotic cellular debris is present in airways and alveoli, with only mild and focal pneumonitis. These observations suggest that mice infected with MA15 die from an overwhelming viral infection with extensive, virally mediated destruction of pneumocytes and ciliated epithelial cells. The MA15 virus has six coding mutations associated with adaptation and increased virulence; when introduced into a recombinant SARS-CoV, these mutations result in a highly virulent and lethal virus (rMA15), duplicating the phenotype of the biologically derived MA15 virus. Intranasal inoculation with MA15 reproduces many aspects of disease seen in severe human cases of SARS. The availability of the MA15 virus will enhance the use of the mouse model for SARS because infection with MA15 causes morbidity, mortality, and pulmonary pathology. This virus will be of value as a stringent challenge in evaluation of the efficacy of vaccines and antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjeanette Roberts
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Damon Deming
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher D Paddock
- Infectious Disease Pathology Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Aaron Cheng
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Boyd Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Leatrice Vogel
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian D Herman
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tim Sheahan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mark Heise
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gillian L Genrich
- Infectious Disease Pathology Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sherif R Zaki
- Infectious Disease Pathology Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ralph Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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MacParland SA, Pham TNQ, Gujar SA, Michalak TI. De novo infection and propagation of wild-type Hepatitis C virus in human T lymphocytes in vitro. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:3577-3586. [PMID: 17098973 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While exploring previous findings that ex vivo treatment of lymphoid cells from Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals with T cell-stimulating mitogens augments detection of the residing virus, an in vitro HCV replication system was established, in which mitogen-induced T cell-enriched cultures served as HCV targets and the derived T cells multiplied virus during repeated serial passage. HCV replication was ascertained by detecting HCV RNA positive and negative strands, HCV NS5a and E2 proteins, release of HCV virions and nucleocapsids (confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy) and de novo infection of mitogen-induced T cells prepared from healthy donors. Further, affinity-purified normal human T lymphocytes were also susceptible to HCV infection in vitro and HCV replication was detected in pure T cells isolated from a patient with chronic hepatitis C. These results document that T cells can support propagation of HCV both in vivo and in vitro. The infection system established offers a valuable tool for in vitro studies on the entire cycle of HCV replication, virus cytopathogenicity and evaluation of antiviral agents against wild-type HCV in the natural host-cell milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya A MacParland
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Tram N Q Pham
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Shashi A Gujar
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Tomasz I Michalak
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
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Biancotto A, Grivel JC, Gondois-Rey F, Bettendroffer L, Vigne R, Brown S, Margolis LB, Hirsch I. Dual role of prostratin in inhibition of infection and reactivation of human immunodeficiency virus from latency in primary blood lymphocytes and lymphoid tissue. J Virol 2004; 78:10507-15. [PMID: 15367617 PMCID: PMC516376 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.19.10507-10515.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To design strategies to purge latent reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we investigated mechanisms by which a non-tumor-promoting phorbol ester, prostratin, inhibits infection of CD4(+) T lymphocytes and at the same time reactivates virus from latency. CD4(+) T lymphocytes from primary blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and in blocks of human lymphoid tissue were stimulated with prostratin and infected with HIV-1 to investigate the effects of prostratin on cellular susceptibility to the virus. The capacity of prostratin to reactivate HIV from latency was tested in CD4(+) T cells harboring preintegrated and integrated latent provirus. Prostratin stimulated CD4(+) T cells in an aberrant way. It induced expression of the activation markers CD25 and CD69 but inhibited cell cycling. HIV-1 uptake was reduced in prostratin-stimulated CD4(+) T PBMC and tissues in a manner consistent with a downregulation of CD4 and CXCR4 receptors in these systems. At the postentry level, prostratin inhibited completion of reverse transcription of the viral genome in lymphoid tissue. However, prostratin facilitated integration of the reverse-transcribed HIV-1 genome in nondividing CD4(+) T cells and facilitated expression of already integrated HIV-1, including latent forms. Thus, while stimulation with prostratin restricts susceptibility of primary resting CD4(+) T cells to HIV infection at the virus cell-entry level and at the reverse transcription level, it efficiently reactivates HIV-1 from pre- and postintegration latency in resting CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Biancotto
- Unité de Pathogénie des Infections à Lentivirus, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, INSERM U372, Marseille, France
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Wang Z, Chen D, Jiang Y. [Study of the carrying of respiratory tract viruses in steroid-responsive and simple nephrotic syndrome]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 1999; 30:315-7. [PMID: 12212295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the carrying of respiratory tract viruses and the quantitative change of urinary protein of the steroid-responsive and simple nephrotic syndrome (SRSNS), and to assess the function of respiratory tract viruses in the triggering of the SRSNS, 37 children with nephrotic syndrome underwent the examination of respiratory tract viruses (APAAP method) once a week when they were hospitalized from August 1997 to March 1998. Among them, 17 children had simple nephrotic syndrome and 10 had nephritic nephrosis. Moreover, 18 children with respiratory infection in the same season were chosen as the control and were subjected to the examination of respiratory tract viruses by the same method. In the cases of SRSNS, the percentage for the carrying of respiratory tract viruses increases obviously in the acme, the percentage for the carrying of respiratory tract viruses of SRSNS has close relationship with the quantity of urinary protein (P < 0.05). There is no difference between the constitution of the category of the viruses carried in the acme of SRSNS and that of the viruses in the control (P > 0.05). The most frequently detected respiratory tract viruses in the acme of SRSNS is RNA virus, and that in the control is the same (P > 0.05). In the acme of SRSNS, most children have no symptoms of respiratory infection although respiratory tract viruses were detected. In the SRSNS, the percentage for the carrying of respiratory tract viruses increases obviously in the acme, it has an important relationship with the quantitative change of urinary protein. The category of the respiratory tract viruses detected in the SRSNS has a relationship with the season, this may be the reason why the cases of SRSNS so easily happen and relapse in this season. RNA virus perhaps plays an important role in the triggering of this disease, including the respiratory tract viruses infection and the carrying of respiratory tract viruses without the symptom of respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, WCUMS, Chengdu 610041
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Abstract
Immunological and biochemical probes for viral genomes and products, growth in cell culture, co-culture methods to activate latent genomes, use of activating agents, and electron microscopy have been used in efforts to demonstrate RNA viruses in prostate cancer. Despite findings of C-type particles and p30 antigens, the role of RNA viruses appears to be secondary, with activation of the virogene being a relatively uncommon occurrence. No compelling evidence for Herpes II or cytomegalovirus as etiologic agents has emerged, despite their common presence in the urogenital tract. Though the search for integration of fragments of viral genome into host DNA is still in progress, it appears unlikely that these viruses would account for a significant number of prostate carcinomas. Progress has been achieved in developing simple, reliable, primary culture methods for human prostatic tissue, using explants or dispersed cells. Three cell lines, all from metastatic foci, have been established, are characterized, and are available for distribution. One neonatal cell strain retains many properties of normal prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Merchant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA
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