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Wei W, Zhan X, Xue Y, Fang X, Liao H, Deng H, Liang Y, Wu S. Features of accessory pathways in adult Ebstein's anomaly. Europace 2014; 16:1619-25. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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52
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Weis S, Toniazzo A, Ander B, Zhan X, Careaga M, Ashwood P, Wyse A, Netto C, Sharp F. Autophagy in the brain of neonates following hypoxia–ischemia shows sex- and region-specific effects. Neuroscience 2014; 256:201-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yang K, Wang J, Xiang AP, Zhan X, Wang Y, Wu M, Huang X. Functional RIG-I-like receptors control the survival of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e967. [PMID: 24336087 PMCID: PMC3877571 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Because of their potent regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have promising therapeutic benefits in clinical treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases. Recent studies suggest that many biological activities of MSCs are largely determined by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). However, the role of PRRs in regulating the survival of MSCs remains unknown. In the present study, we examined the viability of MSCs after stimulation of distinct PRRs. Activation of TLRs by direct addition with their respective ligands showed no significant effect on the survival of MSCs, whereas transfection with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) resulted in marked cell death in MSCs. Transfection of dsRNA upregulated cytosolic retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), including RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated antigen 5 (MDA5). Moreover, transfection of dsRNA activated downstream transcription factors interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), as well as induced the expression of interferon-β (IFN-β) and pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) via RLR signaling. Furthermore, we found that transfection of dsRNA triggered both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic responses via RLRs. However, ectopic expression of RIG-I or MDA5 was not sufficient to induce apoptosis of MSCs without dsRNA transfection. Our study also revealed that IκB kinase α/β (IKKα/β) was required for RLR-mediated apoptosis in MSCs, while TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)/IKKɛ served a pro-survival role. Moreover, neither overexpression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) nor neutralizing autocrined IFN-β reduced RLR-mediated apoptosis. In addition, autophagy was induced upon activation of RLRs, however, blocking autophagy did not rescue MSCs from the dsRNA-induced cell death. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the role of RLRs in controlling the survival of MSCs, which may provide a clue to understand the pathogenesis of viral infection in MSCs.
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Pomerantz I, Ilieva Y, Gilman R, Higinbotham DW, Piasetzky E, Strauch S, Adhikari KP, Aghasyan M, Allada K, Amaryan MJ, Anefalos Pereira S, Anghinolfi M, Baghdasaryan H, Ball J, Baltzell NA, Battaglieri M, Batourine V, Beck A, Beck S, Bedlinskiy I, Berman BL, Biselli AS, Boeglin W, Bono J, Bookwalter C, Boiarinov S, Briscoe WJ, Brooks WK, Bubis N, Burkert V, Camsonne A, Canan M, Carman DS, Celentano A, Chandavar S, Charles G, Chirapatpimol K, Cisbani E, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Crede V, Cusanno F, D'Angelo A, Daniel A, Dashyan N, de Jager CW, De Vita R, De Sanctis E, Deur A, Djalali C, Dodge GE, Doughty D, Dupre R, Dutta C, Egiyan H, El Alaoui A, El Fassi L, Eugenio P, Fedotov G, Fegan S, Fleming JA, Fradi A, Garibaldi F, Geagla O, Gevorgyan N, Giovanetti KL, Girod FX, Glister J, Goetz JT, Gohn W, Golovatch E, Gothe RW, Griffioen KA, Guegan B, Guidal M, Guo L, Hafidi K, Hakobyan H, Harrison N, Heddle D, Hicks K, Ho D, Holtrop M, Hyde CE, Ireland DG, Ishkhanov BS, Isupov EL, Jiang X, Jo HS, Joo K, Katramatou AT, Keller D, Khandaker M, Khetarpal P, Khrosinkova E, Kim A, Kim W, Klein FJ, Koirala S, Kubarovsky A, Kubarovsky V, Kuleshov SV, Kvaltine ND, Lee B, LeRose JJ, Lewis S, Lindgren R, Livingston K, Lu HY, MacGregor IJD, Mao Y, Martinez D, Mayer M, McCullough E, McKinnon B, Meekins D, Meyer CA, Michaels R, Mineeva T, Mirazita M, Moffit B, Mokeev V, Montgomery RA, Moutarde H, Munevar E, Munoz Camacho C, Nadel-Turonski P, Nasseripour R, Nepali CS, Niccolai S, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Osipenko M, Ostrovidov AI, Pappalardo LL, Paremuzyan R, Park K, Park S, Petratos GG, Phelps E, Pisano S, Pogorelko O, Pozdniakov S, Procureur S, Protopopescu D, Puckett AJR, Qian X, Qiang Y, Ricco G, Rimal D, Ripani M, Ritchie BG, Rodriguez I, Ron G, Rosner G, Rossi P, Sabatié F, Saha A, Saini MS, Sarty AJ, Sawatzky B, Saylor NA, Schott D, Schulte E, Schumacher RA, Seder E, Seraydaryan H, Shneor R, Smith GD, Sokhan D, Sparveris N, Stepanyan SS, Stepanyan S, Stoler P, Subedi R, Sulkosky V, Taiuti M, Tang W, Taylor CE, Tkachenko S, Ungaro M, Vernarsky B, Vineyard MF, Voskanyan H, Voutier E, Walford NK, Wang Y, Watts DP, Weinstein LB, Weygand DP, Wojtsekhowski B, Wood MH, Yan X, Yao H, Zachariou N, Zhan X, Zhang J, Zhao ZW, Zheng X, Zonta I. Hard two-body photodisintegration of 3He. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:242301. [PMID: 25165915 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.242301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have measured cross sections for the γ(3)He → pd reaction at photon energies of 0.4-1.4 GeV and a center-of-mass angle of 90°. We observe dimensional scaling above 0.7 GeV at this center-of-mass angle. This is the first observation of dimensional scaling in the photodisintegration of a nucleus heavier than the deuteron.
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Wang W, Zhang S, Yang J, Zheng J, Ding X, Chou M, Tang P, Zhan X. Effects of Distribution Channel Dimensions on Flow Distribution and Pressure Drop in a Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger. Chem Eng Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201200584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Carney KN, Rodgers M, Lawlor PG, Zhan X. Treatment of separated piggery anaerobic digestate liquid using woodchip biofilters. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:663-670. [PMID: 23837316 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.710408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Irish nitrates directive restricts the land area suitable for landspreading of pig manure, so anaerobic digestion warrants consideration. In this study, six identical Lodgepole pine woodchip biofilters were set up to treat the separated liquid fraction of digestate after anaerobic digestion of pig manure. Two hydraulic loading rates were examined: 5 L/m2/d (LLR) and 10 L/m2/d (HLR). Following a start-up period of 70 days, an average of 90% and 71% of NH4(+)-N was removed at LLR and HLR, respectively. LLR resulted in higher total nitrogen removals than HLR (p < 0.05). Efficient nitrification occurred at LLR as indicated by the lower NH4(+)-N (p < 0.05) and higher NO3(-)-N (p < 0.05) concentrations in the biofilter effluent. A batch experiment testing the capacity of saturated woodchips in removing total oxidized nitrogen (TON) from the effluent of the woodchip biofilters showed that TON was reduced by 323 mg/L from 663 mg/L in 360 h, indicating that the aerobic woodchip biofilters should incorporate a saturated layer ofwoodchips at the base ofthe biofilters to enhance nitrogen removal.
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Xie S, Lawlor PG, Frost JP, Wu G, Zhan X. Hydrolysis and acidification of grass silage in leaching bed reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 114:406-413. [PMID: 22459960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolysis and acidification of grass silage (GS) was examined in leaching bed reactors (LBRs) under organic loading rates (OLRs) of 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 kg volatile solids (VS)/m(3)/day. The LBRs were run in duplicate over five consecutive batch tests (Batch tests 1-5) to examine the effects of pH, leachate dilution and addition of inoculum on the process of hydrolysis and acidification. The highest GS hydrolysis yields of 52-58%, acidification yields of 57-60% and VS removals of 62-66% were obtained in Batch test 4. Increasing OLRs affected the hydrolysis yield negatively. In Batch test 4, the reduction of lignocellulosic materials was up to 74.4% of hemicellulose, 30.1% of cellulose and 9.3% of lignin within 32 days. Cellulase activity can be used as an indicator for the hydrolysis process. Methane production from the LBRs only accounted for 10.0-13.8% of the biological methane potential of GS.
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Jickling G, Stamova B, Ander B, Zhan X, Sison SM, Verro P, Sharp F. Prediction of Cardioembolic, Arterial and Lacunar Causes of Cryptogenic Stroke by Gene Expression Profiles and Infarct Location (P05.233). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p05.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Jickling G, Zhan X, Stamova B, Ander B, Sison SM, Verro P, Johnston S, Sharp F. Immune Response to Cerebral Ischemia To Identify Ischemic Transient Neurological Events (S19.001). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s19.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Jickling G, Zhan X, Stamova B, Ander B, Sison SM, Verro P, Johnston S, Sharp F. Immune Response to Cerebral Ischemia To Identify Ischemic Transient Neurological Events (IN3-1.002). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.in3-1.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abrahamyan S, Ahmed Z, Albataineh H, Aniol K, Armstrong DS, Armstrong W, Averett T, Babineau B, Barbieri A, Bellini V, Beminiwattha R, Benesch J, Benmokhtar F, Bielarski T, Boeglin W, Camsonne A, Canan M, Carter P, Cates GD, Chen C, Chen JP, Hen O, Cusanno F, Dalton MM, De Leo R, de Jager K, Deconinck W, Decowski P, Deng X, Deur A, Dutta D, Etile A, Flay D, Franklin GB, Friend M, Frullani S, Fuchey E, Garibaldi F, Gasser E, Gilman R, Giusa A, Glamazdin A, Gomez J, Grames J, Gu C, Hansen O, Hansknecht J, Higinbotham DW, Holmes RS, Holmstrom T, Horowitz CJ, Hoskins J, Huang J, Hyde CE, Itard F, Jen CM, Jensen E, Jin G, Johnston S, Kelleher A, Kliakhandler K, King PM, Kowalski S, Kumar KS, Leacock J, Leckey J, Lee JH, LeRose JJ, Lindgren R, Liyanage N, Lubinsky N, Mammei J, Mammoliti F, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, McCreary A, McNulty D, Mercado L, Meziani ZE, Michaels RW, Mihovilovic M, Muangma N, Muñoz-Camacho C, Nanda S, Nelyubin V, Nuruzzaman N, Oh Y, Palmer A, Parno D, Paschke KD, Phillips SK, Poelker B, Pomatsalyuk R, Posik M, Puckett AJR, Quinn B, Rakhman A, Reimer PE, Riordan S, Rogan P, Ron G, Russo G, Saenboonruang K, Saha A, Sawatzky B, Shahinyan A, Silwal R, Sirca S, Slifer K, Solvignon P, Souder PA, Sperduto ML, Subedi R, Suleiman R, Sulkosky V, Sutera CM, Tobias WA, Troth W, Urciuoli GM, Waidyawansa B, Wang D, Wexler J, Wilson R, Wojtsekhowski B, Yan X, Yao H, Ye Y, Ye Z, Yim V, Zana L, Zhan X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Zhu P. Measurement of the neutron radius of 208Pb through parity violation in electron scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:112502. [PMID: 22540469 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry A(PV) in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from 208Pb. A(PV) is sensitive to the radius of the neutron distribution (R(n)). The result A(PV)=0.656±0.060(stat)±0.014(syst) ppm corresponds to a difference between the radii of the neutron and proton distributions R(n)-R(p)=0.33(-0.18)(+0.16) fm and provides the first electroweak observation of the neutron skin which is expected in a heavy, neutron-rich nucleus.
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Ahmed Z, Allada K, Aniol KA, Armstrong DS, Arrington J, Baturin P, Bellini V, Benesch J, Beminiwattha R, Benmokhtar F, Canan M, Camsonne A, Cates GD, Chen JP, Chudakov E, Cisbani E, Dalton MM, de Jager CW, De Leo R, Deconinck W, Decowski P, Deng X, Deur A, Dutta C, Franklin GB, Friend M, Frullani S, Garibaldi F, Giusa A, Glamazdin A, Golge S, Grimm K, Hansen O, Higinbotham DW, Holmes R, Holmstrom T, Huang J, Huang M, Hyde CE, Jen CM, Jin G, Jones D, Kang H, King P, Kowalski S, Kumar KS, Lee JH, LeRose JJ, Liyanage N, Long E, McNulty D, Margaziotis D, Meddi F, Meekins DG, Mercado L, Meziani ZE, Michaels R, Muñoz-Camacho C, Mihovilovic M, Muangma N, Myers KE, Nanda S, Narayan A, Nelyubin V, Oh Y, Pan K, Parno D, Paschke KD, Phillips SK, Qian X, Qiang Y, Quinn B, Rakhman A, Reimer PE, Rider K, Riordan S, Roche J, Rubin J, Russo G, Saenboonruang K, Saha A, Sawatzky B, Silwal R, Sirca S, Souder PA, Sperduto M, Subedi R, Suleiman R, Sulkosky V, Sutera CM, Tobias WA, Urciuoli GM, Waidyawansa B, Wang D, Wexler J, Wilson R, Wojtsekhowski B, Zhan X, Yan X, Yao H, Ye L, Zhao B, Zheng X. New precision limit on the strange vector form factors of the proton. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:102001. [PMID: 22468841 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The parity-violating cross-section asymmetry in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from unpolarized protons has been measured at a four-momentum transfer squared Q2 = 0.624 GeV2 and beam energy E(b) = 3.48 GeV to be A(PV) = -23.80 ± 0.78(stat) ± 0.36(syst) parts per million. This result is consistent with zero contribution of strange quarks to the combination of electric and magnetic form factors G(E)(s) + 0.517G(M)(s) = 0.003 ± 0.010(stat) ± 0.004(syst) ± 0.009(ff), where the third error is due to the limits of precision on the electromagnetic form factors and radiative corrections. With this measurement, the world data on strange contributions to nucleon form factors are seen to be consistent with zero and not more than a few percent of the proton form factors.
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Liu F, Liu S, Ma Z, Zhan X, Tao G, Cheng L, Song X. Assessment of left ventricular systolic function in fetuses without myocardial hypertrophy of gestational diabetes mellitus mothers using velocity vector imaging. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2012; 32:252-6. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2011.645092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Huang J, Allada K, Dutta C, Katich J, Qian X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Aniol K, Annand JRM, Averett T, Benmokhtar F, Bertozzi W, Bradshaw PC, Bosted P, Camsonne A, Canan M, Cates GD, Chen C, Chen JP, Chen W, Chirapatpimol K, Chudakov E, Cisbani E, Cornejo JC, Cusanno F, Dalton MM, Deconinck W, de Jager CW, De Leo R, Deng X, Deur A, Ding H, Dolph PAM, Dutta D, El Fassi L, Frullani S, Gao H, Garibaldi F, Gaskell D, Gilad S, Gilman R, Glamazdin O, Golge S, Guo L, Hamilton D, Hansen O, Higinbotham DW, Holmstrom T, Huang M, Ibrahim HF, Iodice M, Jiang X, Jin G, Jones MK, Kelleher A, Kim W, Kolarkar A, Korsch W, Lerose JJ, Li X, Li Y, Lindgren R, Liyanage N, Long E, Lu HJ, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Marrone S, McNulty D, Meziani ZE, Michaels R, Moffit B, Muñoz Camacho C, Nanda S, Narayan A, Nelyubin V, Norum B, Oh Y, Osipenko M, Parno D, Peng JC, Phillips SK, Posik M, Puckett AJR, Qiang Y, Rakhman A, Ransome RD, Riordan S, Saha A, Sawatzky B, Schulte E, Shahinyan A, Shabestari MH, Sirca S, Stepanyan S, Subedi R, Sulkosky V, Tang LG, Tobias A, Urciuoli GM, Vilardi I, Wang K, Wojtsekhowski B, Yan X, Yao H, Ye Y, Ye Z, Yuan L, Zhan X, Zhang YW, Zhao B, Zheng X, Zhu L, Zhu X, Zong X. Beam-target double-spin asymmetry A{LT} in charged pion production from deep inelastic scattering on a transversely polarized {3}He target at 1.4<Q{2}<2.7 GeV{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:052001. [PMID: 22400926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.052001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of the double-spin asymmetry A{LT} for charged pion electroproduction in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic electron scattering on a transversely polarized {3}He target. The kinematics focused on the valence quark region, 0.16<x<0.35 with 1.4<Q{2}<2.7 GeV{2}. The corresponding neutron A{LT} asymmetries were extracted from the measured {3}He asymmetries and proton over {3}He cross section ratios using the effective polarization approximation. These new data probe the transverse momentum dependent parton distribution function g{1T}{q} and therefore provide access to quark spin-orbit correlations. Our results indicate a positive azimuthal asymmetry for π{-} production on {3}He and the neutron, while our π{+} asymmetries are consistent with zero.
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Xie S, Wu G, Lawlor PG, Frost JP, Zhan X. Methane production from anaerobic co-digestion of the separated solid fraction of pig manure with dried grass silage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 104:289-97. [PMID: 22154583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion of the solid fraction of separated pig manure (SPM) with dried grass silage (DGS) was evaluated in three identical continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) at 35±1 °C. The feedstock contained 20% DGS in CSTR1, 30% DGS in CSTR2 and 40% DGS in CSTR3 on a volatile solids (VS) basis. Organic loading rates (OLR) of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 kg VS/m(3)/d were studied and it was found that the OLR affected the digester performance more than the DGS proportion in the feedstock. Tripling the OLR increased volumetric methane yields by 88% and decreased specific methane yields by 38%. At the OLR of 3 kg VS/m(3)/d, post-methane production potentials of digestates ranged from 38% to 41% of total methane production potentials of the feedstock. An energy yield estimation on a 654-sow pig unit showed that 268-371 MWh/a electricity and 383-530 MWh/a heat would be generated.
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Yu D, Zhan XH, Zhao XF, Williams MS, Carey GB, Smith E, Scott D, Zhu J, Guo Y, Cherukuri S, Civin CI, Zhan X. Mice deficient in MIM expression are predisposed to lymphomagenesis. Oncogene 2011; 31:3561-8. [PMID: 22081072 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Missing in metastasis (MIM) is a member of newly emerged inverse Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain protein family and a putative metastasis suppressor. Although reduced MIM expression has been associated with bladder, breast and gastric cancers, evidence for the role of MIM in tumor progression remains scarce and controversial. Herein we characterized a MIM knockout mouse strain and observed that MIM-deficient mice often developed enlarged spleens. Autopsy and histological analysis revealed that nearly 78% of MIM(-/-) mice developed tumors with features similar to diffuse large B lymphoma during a period from 1 to 2 years. MIM(-/-) mice also exhibited abnormal distribution of B cells in lymphoid organs with decrease in the spleen but increase in the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. Furthermore, the bone marrow of MIM(-/-) mice contained a higher percentage of pre-B2 cells but fewer immature B-cells than wild-type mice. In response to CXCL13, a B-cell chemokine released from splenic stromal cells, MIM-deficient B-cells did not undergo chemotaxis or morphological changes in response to the chemokine and also did not internalize CXCR5, the receptor of CXCL13. Microarray analyses demonstrated that MIM is the only member of the I-BAR domain family that was highly expressed in human B cells. However, low or absent MIM expression was common in either primary B-cell malignancies or established B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia or lymphomas. Thus, our data demonstrate for the first time an important role for MIM in B-cell development and suggest that predisposition of MIM-null mice to lymphomagenesis may involve aberrant interactions between B lineage cells and the lymphoid microenvironment.
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Zhan X, Jickling GC, Tian Y, Stamova B, Xu H, Ander BP, Turner RJ, Mesias M, Verro P, Bushnell C, Johnston SC, Sharp FR. Transient ischemic attacks characterized by RNA profiles in blood. Neurology 2011; 77:1718-24. [PMID: 21998319 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318236eee6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) are common. Though systemic inflammation and thrombosis are associated with TIA, further study may provide insight into TIA pathophysiology and possibly lead to the development of treatments specifically targeted to TIA. We sought to determine whether gene expression profiles in blood could better characterize the proinflammatory and procoagulant states in TIA patients. METHODS RNA expression in blood of TIA patients (n = 26) was compared to vascular risk factor control subjects without symptomatic cardiovascular disease (n = 26) using Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays. Differentially expressed genes in TIA were identified by analysis of covariance and evaluated with cross-validation and functional analyses. RESULTS Patients with TIA had different patterns of gene expression compared to controls. There were 480 probe sets, corresponding to 449 genes, differentially expressed between TIA and controls (false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons, p ≤ 0.05, absolute fold change ≥1.2). These genes were associated with systemic inflammation, platelet activation, and prothrombin activation. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the identified genes suggested the presence of 2 patterns of RNA expression in patients with TIA. Prediction analysis identified a set of 34 genes that discriminated TIA from controls with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. CONCLUSION Patients with recent TIA have differences of gene expression in blood compared to controls. The 2 gene expression profiles associated with TIA suggests heterogeneous responses between subjects with TIA that may provide insight into cause, risk of stroke, and other TIA pathophysiology.
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Xie S, Frost JP, Lawlor PG, Wu G, Zhan X. Effects of thermo-chemical pre-treatment of grass silage on methane production by anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8748-8755. [PMID: 21840213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dried grass silage (GS) was pre-treated at different NaOH loading rates (1%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% by volatile solids (VS) mass in grass silage) and temperatures (20 °C, 60 °C, 100 °C and 150 °C) to determine effects on its bio-degradability in terms of the hydrolysis yield and degradation of ligno-cellulosic materials for biogas production. At 100 °C and the four NaOH loadings, up to 45% of the total COD was solubilised and up to 65.6%, 36.1% and 21.2% of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose were removed, respectively; biological methane production potentials obtained were 359.5, 401.8, 449.5 and 452.5 ml CH₄/g VS added, respectively, being improved by 10-38.9% in comparison with untreated GS. VS removals following anaerobic digestion were 67.6%, 76.9%, 85.3%, 95.2% and 96.7% for untreated GS and GS treated at the four NaOH loadings, respectively. 100 °C and the NaOH loading rate of 5% is recommended as a proper GS pre-treatment condition.
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Qian X, Allada K, Dutta C, Huang J, Katich J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Aniol K, Annand JRM, Averett T, Benmokhtar F, Bertozzi W, Bradshaw PC, Bosted P, Camsonne A, Canan M, Cates GD, Chen C, Chen JP, Chen W, Chirapatpimol K, Chudakov E, Cisbani E, Cornejo JC, Cusanno F, Dalton MM, Deconinck W, de Jager CW, De Leo R, Deng X, Deur A, Ding H, Dolph PAM, Dutta D, El Fassi L, Frullani S, Gao H, Garibaldi F, Gaskell D, Gilad S, Gilman R, Glamazdin O, Golge S, Guo L, Hamilton D, Hansen O, Higinbotham DW, Holmstrom T, Huang M, Ibrahim HF, Iodice M, Jiang X, Jin G, Jones MK, Kelleher A, Kim W, Kolarkar A, Korsch W, LeRose JJ, Li X, Li Y, Lindgren R, Liyanage N, Long E, Lu HJ, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Marrone S, McNulty D, Meziani ZE, Michaels R, Moffit B, Camacho CM, Nanda S, Narayan A, Nelyubin V, Norum B, Oh Y, Osipenko M, Parno D, Peng JC, Phillips SK, Posik M, Puckett AJR, Qiang Y, Rakhman A, Ransome RD, Riordan S, Saha A, Sawatzky B, Schulte E, Shahinyan A, Shabestari MH, Sirca S, Stepanyan S, Subedi R, Sulkosky V, Tang LG, Tobias A, Urciuoli GM, Vilardi I, Wang K, Wojtsekhowski B, Yan X, Yao H, Ye Y, Ye Z, Yuan L, Zhan X, Zhang YW, Zhao B, Zheng X, Zhu L, Zhu X, Zong X. Single spin asymmetries in charged pion production from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering on a transversely polarized 3He Target at Q2 = 1.4-2.7 GeV2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:072003. [PMID: 21902386 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.072003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of target single spin asymmetries in the semi-inclusive (3)He(e,e'π(±))X reaction on a transversely polarized target. The experiment, conducted at Jefferson Lab using a 5.9 GeV electron beam, covers a range of 0.16 < x < 0.35 with 1.4 < Q(2) < 2.7 GeV(2). The Collins and Sivers moments were extracted from the azimuthal angular dependence of the measured asymmetries. The π(±) Collins moments for (3)He are consistent with zero, except for the π(+) moment at x = 0.35, which deviates from zero by 2.3σ. While the π(-) Sivers moments are consistent with zero, the π(+) Sivers moments favor negative values. The neutron results were extracted using the nucleon effective polarization and measured cross section ratios of proton to (3)He, and are largely consistent with the predictions of phenomenological fits and quark model calculations.
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Xie S, Lawlor PG, Frost JP, Hu Z, Zhan X. Effect of pig manure to grass silage ratio on methane production in batch anaerobic co-digestion of concentrated pig manure and grass silage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:5728-33. [PMID: 21444203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion of concentrated pig manure (PM) with grass silage (GS) at five different PM to GS volatile solid (VS) ratios of 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3 and 0:1 was evaluated by examining operation stability and methane (CH(4)) production potentials. The highest specific CH(4) yields were 304.2 and 302.8 ml CH(4)/g VS at PM to GS ratios of 3:1 and 1:1, respectively. The digestion systems failed at the ratio of 0:1. The lag phase lasted 29.5, 28.1, 24.6 and 21.3 days at the ratios of 1:0, 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3, respectively. The daily methane yield was linearly correlated with the acetic acid concentration, indicating methane production was probably associated with acetoclastic methanogenesis. The hydrolysis constant linearly decreased with increasing the fraction of GS in the feedstock. This study recommends applying the PM to GS ratio of 1:1 in practice due to a high specific methane yield and a short lag phase.
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Chi Y, Wang J, Zhan X, Xie G, Wang Z, Xiao W, Wang Y, Hu J, Yu H, Yang L, Cui C, Xiong F, Zheng J. P53 Open-label, randomised, multicentre, phase 2a study of gambogic acid injection (THS) for treatment of advanced cancer. EJC Suppl 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcsup.2011.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Malace SP, Paolone M, Strauch S, Albayrak I, Arrington J, Berman BL, Brash EJ, Briscoe B, Camsonne A, Chen JP, Christy ME, Chudakov E, Cisbani E, Craver B, Cusanno F, Ent R, Garibaldi F, Gilman R, Glamazdin O, Glister J, Higinbotham DW, Hyde-Wright CE, Ilieva Y, de Jager CW, Jiang X, Jones MK, Keppel CE, Khrosinkova E, Kuchina E, Kumbartzki G, Lee B, Lindgren R, Margaziotis DJ, Meekins D, Michaels R, Park K, Pentchev L, Perdrisat CF, Piasetzky E, Punjabi VA, Puckett AJR, Qian X, Qiang Y, Ransome RD, Saha A, Sarty AJ, Schulte E, Solvignon P, Subedi RR, Tang L, Tedeschi D, Tvaskis V, Udias JM, Ulmer PE, Vignote JR, Wesselmann FR, Wojtsekhowski B, Zhan X. Precise extraction of the induced polarization in the 4He(e,e'p)3H reaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:052501. [PMID: 21405386 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.052501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We measured with unprecedented precision the induced polarization P(y) in (4)He(e,e'p)(3)H at Q(2)=0.8 and 1.3 (GeV/c)(2). The induced polarization is indicative of reaction-mechanism effects beyond the impulse approximation. Our results are in agreement with a relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation calculation but are overestimated by a calculation with strong charge-exchange effects. Our data are used to constrain the strength of the spin-independent charge-exchange term in the latter calculation.
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Urbanski PP, Zhan X, Zacher M, Diegeler A. Is repair of the aortic root without downsizing of the annulus justifiable? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Paolone M, Malace SP, Strauch S, Albayrak I, Arrington J, Berman BL, Brash EJ, Briscoe B, Camsonne A, Chen JP, Christy ME, Chudakov E, Cisbani E, Craver B, Cusanno F, Ent R, Garibaldi F, Gilman R, Glamazdin O, Glister J, Higinbotham DW, Hyde-Wright CE, Ilieva Y, de Jager CW, Jiang X, Jones MK, Keppel CE, Khrosinkova E, Kuchina E, Kumbartzki G, Lee B, Lindgren R, Margaziotis DJ, Meekins D, Michaels R, Park K, Pentchev L, Perdrisat CF, Piasetzky E, Punjabi VA, Puckett AJR, Qian X, Qiang Y, Ransome RD, Saha A, Sarty AJ, Schulte E, Solvignon P, Subedi RR, Tang L, Tedeschi D, Tvaskis V, Udias JM, Ulmer PE, Vignote JR, Wesselmann FR, Wojtsekhowski B, Zhan X. Polarization transfer in the 4He(e,e'p)3H reaction at Q2=0.8 and 1.3 (GeV/c)2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:072001. [PMID: 20868031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.072001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Proton recoil polarization was measured in the quasielastic 4He(e,e'p)3H reaction at Q{2}=0.8 and 1.3 (GeV/c){2} with unprecedented precision. The polarization-transfer coefficients are found to differ from those of the 1H(e,e'p) reaction, contradicting a relativistic distorted-wave approximation and favoring either the inclusion of medium-modified proton form factors predicted by the quark-meson coupling model or a spin-dependent charge-exchange final-state interaction. For the first time, the polarization-transfer ratio is studied as a function of the virtuality of the proton.
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Korver W, Zhao X, Singh S, Pardoux C, Zhao J, Guzman ML, Sen S, Yonkovich S, Liu S, Zhan X, Tomasevic N, Zhou C, Gros D, Jordan CT, Gotlib J, Hsi ED, Abo A. Monoclonal antibodies against IREM-1: potential for targeted therapy of AML. Leukemia 2009; 23:1587-97. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhan X. 98PD IDENTIFICATION OF TUMOR-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS IN STAGE I LUNG SQUAMOUS CANCER BY PROTEOMICS. Lung Cancer 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(09)70221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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77
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Wang K, Jin Z, Du Y, Chen J, Zhan X, Wang L, Li Z, Zou D, Liu Y. Evaluation of endoscopic-ultrasound-guided celiac ganglion irradiation with iodine-125 seeds: a pilot study in a porcine model. Endoscopy 2009; 41:346-51. [PMID: 19340740 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1119588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Implantation of iodine-125 ( (125)I) seeds under the guidance of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has been proved to be a safe alternative treatment option for advanced pancreatic cancer. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of EUS-guided radiation of the celiac ganglia with (125)I seeds in a porcine model. METHODS Twelve domestic pigs were randomly divided into three groups. The pigs in group A had blank seeds implanted, and groups B and C had 0.4 mCi and 0.8 mCi (125)I seeds implanted, respectively. Enhanced CT scan and 3-D vascular remodeling were used to check the location of the seeds. All animals were killed and celiac ganglia were checked at 14 and at 60 days after procedure. Necrosis and apoptosis in celiac ganglia and adjacent vessels and organs were also observed. RESULTS EUS-guided implantations of (125)I seeds in celiac plexus were successful at first procedure in 10 animals. The remaining two animals were implanted successfully the next day. No severe complications occurred in any animal and no damage was found in the surrounding organs. At day 60 after operation, the apoptotic index in the ganglia was 0.53 in the 0.4 mCi group and 0.94 in the 0.8 mCi group. No apoptotic cells were found in the control group implanted with blank seeds. Damage to vessels and surrounding organs by radioactive seeds was observed in only one pig at each time point. CONCLUSION EUS-guided implantation of (125)I seeds beside the celiac ganglia is a safe procedure and can induce apoptosis of local neurons. This new method may lead to an alternative treatment for pain accompanying pancreatic diseases in human.
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Zhang H, Lu Z, Zhang L, Bao Y, Zhan X, Feng F, Zheng X. Antifungal activity of a food-grade dilution-stable microemulsion against Aspergillus niger. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 47:445-50. [PMID: 19146536 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the antifungal activities of a prepared food-grade dilution-stable microemulsion against Aspergillus niger. METHODS AND RESULTS Results from the antifungal activity on solid medium by agar dilution method showed that the microemulsion caused complete growth inhibition at 2000 ppm, and at 1000 ppm, showed 55% growth inhibition after 4 days of incubation and a delay of conidiation by 1 day compared with controls. Results from the antifungal activity in liquid medium by broth dilution method showed that the growth of A. niger was completely inhibited when a liquid medium containing 10(6) spores per ml was treated with 500 ppm of microemulsion, which was determined by minimum fungicidal concentration. Study of fungicidal kinetics showed that more than 99% of viable spores were killed within 15 min. These antifungal activities were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy and increased Ca(+2), K(+) and Mg(+2) leakages. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the prepared microemulsions are effective antifungal systems with excellent growth inhibition and sporicidal activities, and indicate that their antifungal activity may be to the result of the disruption and dysfunction of A. niger cell walls and biological membranes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study suggests the potential use of food-grade dilution-stable microemulsions for antifungal use in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Urbanski PP, Zhan X, Frank S, Diegeler A. Aortic root reconstruction using new vascular graft. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2008; 8:187-90. [DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2008.187633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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80
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Tao G, Yew D, Gu T, Liu S, Ma Z, Zhan X, Cheng L, Li C. Sex-related differences in the anteroposterior diameter of the foetal cisterna magna. Clin Radiol 2008; 63:1015-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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81
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Wu G, Guan Y, Zhan X. Effect of salinity on the activity, settling and microbial community of activated sludge in sequencing batch reactors treating synthetic saline wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2008; 58:351-358. [PMID: 18701785 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2008.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of salinity on the activity in nutrient removal, settling and microbial community of activated sludge in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) treating synthetic saline wastewater were investigated. Two SBRs, one treating synthetic saline wastewater (the N-Reactor, with NaCl addition) and the other treating fresh synthetic wastewater (the C-Reactor, without NaCl addition), were operated for 68 days. Three salinities (in terms of concentrations of NaCl)--10, 20 and 40 g NaCl/l--were examined. The microbial activity described with the specific glucose utilization rate, specific nitritation and nitratation rates, and specific phosphorus release and uptake rates, was inhibited in the N-Reactor, in comparison with that in the C-Reactor, except that the specific nitritation and nitratation rates were improved at the salinity of 10 g NaCl/l. The sludge yield coefficient decreased at salinities of 10 and 20 g NaCl/l but it rose at the salinity of 40 g NaCl/l. The settling of activated sludge flocs, in terms of the sludge volume index (SVI), was improved by adding NaCl. Particularly in the first 5 minutes during the SVI measurement, activated sludge flocs in the N-Reactor settled much faster than those in the C-Reactor. However, the effluent from the N-Reactor contained higher suspended solids than the effluent from the C-Reactor. The microbial diversity decreased with increasing the salinity, and the microbial community structure was greatly influenced by the salinity. Bacteriodetes and Actinobacteria were the dominant phylums detected with molecular fingerprinting techniques.
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Ron G, Glister J, Lee B, Allada K, Armstrong W, Arrington J, Beck A, Benmokhtar F, Berman BL, Boeglin W, Brash E, Camsonne A, Calarco J, Chen JP, Choi S, Chudakov E, Coman L, Craver B, Cusanno F, Dumas J, Dutta C, Feuerbach R, Freyberger A, Frullani S, Garibaldi F, Gilman R, Hansen O, Higinbotham DW, Holmstrom T, Hyde CE, Ibrahim H, Ilieva Y, de Jager CW, Jiang X, Jones MK, Kang H, Kelleher A, Khrosinkova E, Kuchina E, Kumbartzki G, LeRose JJ, Lindgren R, Markowitz P, May-Tal Beck S, McCullough E, Meekins D, Meziane M, Meziani ZE, Michaels R, Moffit B, Norum BE, Oh Y, Olson M, Paolone M, Paschke K, Perdrisat CF, Piasetzky E, Potokar M, Pomatsalyuk R, Pomerantz I, Puckett A, Punjabi V, Qian X, Qiang Y, Ransome R, Reyhan M, Roche J, Rousseau Y, Saha A, Sarty AJ, Sawatzky B, Schulte E, Shabestari M, Shahinyan A, Shneor R, Sirca S, Slifer K, Solvignon P, Song J, Sparks R, Subedi R, Strauch S, Urciuoli GM, Wang K, Wojtsekhowski B, Yan X, Yao H, Zhan X, Zhu X. Measurements of the proton elastic-form-factor ratio mu pG p E/G p M at low momentum transfer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:202002. [PMID: 18233135 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.202002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
High-precision measurements of the proton elastic form-factor ratio, mu pG p E/G p M, have been made at four-momentum transfer, Q2, values between 0.2 and 0.5 GeV2. The new data, while consistent with previous results, clearly show a ratio less than unity and significant differences from the central values of several recent phenomenological fits. By combining the new form-factor ratio data with an existing cross-section measurement, one finds that in this Q2 range the deviation from unity is primarily due to G p E being smaller than expected.
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Zhan X, Feng Z, Mao L, Cai R, Lai Y. Clinical observation of xiaokangdihuang tang in treating the patients of anticardiolipin antibody-positive. Fertil Steril 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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84
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Zhang K, Liao X, Zhan X, Zhu R. Nonlinear convection in rotating systems: slip-stick three-dimensional traveling waves. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 75:055302. [PMID: 17677126 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.75.055302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate convection in a fluid channel uniformly heated from below and rotating about a vertical axis. When the width of the channel is moderate, convective instabilities are characterized by two three-dimensional traveling waves having the same frequency and wave number but traveling in opposite directions with different spatial structures. This Rapid Communication demonstrates that neither the progradely nor the retrogradely traveling wave is physically realizable in the vicinity of the instability threshold. The nature of convection is marked by nonlinear interactions of the two oppositely traveling three-dimensional waves which interfere strongly, leading to either vacillating or stationary convective flows.
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Acha A, Aniol KA, Armstrong DS, Arrington J, Averett T, Bailey SL, Barber J, Beck A, Benaoum H, Benesch J, Bertin PY, Bosted P, Butaru F, Burtin E, Cates GD, Chao YC, Chen JP, Chudakov E, Cisbani E, Craver B, Cusanno F, De Leo R, Decowski P, Deur A, Feuerbach RJ, Finn JM, Frullani S, Fuchs SA, Fuoti K, Gilman R, Glesener LE, Grimm K, Grames JM, Hansen JO, Hansknecht J, Higinbotham DW, Holmes R, Holmstrom T, Ibrahim H, de Jager CW, Jiang X, Katich J, Kaufman LJ, Kelleher A, King PM, Kolarkar A, Kowalski S, Kuchina E, Kumar KS, Lagamba L, LaViolette P, LeRose J, Lindgren RA, Lhuillier D, Liyanage N, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Meekins DG, Meziani ZE, Michaels R, Moffit B, Nanda S, Nelyubin V, Otis K, Paschke KD, Phillips SK, Poelker M, Pomatsalyuk R, Potokar M, Prok Y, Puckett A, Qian X, Qiang Y, Reitz B, Roche J, Saha A, Sawatzky B, Singh J, Slifer K, Sirca S, Snyder R, Solvignon P, Souder PA, Stutzman ML, Subedi R, Suleiman R, Sulkosky V, Tobias WA, Ulmer PE, Urciuoli GM, Wang K, Whitbeck A, Wilson R, Wojtsekhowski B, Yao H, Ye Y, Zhan X, Zheng X, Zhou S, Ziskin V. Precision measurements of the nucleon strange form factors at Q2 approximately 0.1 GeV2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:032301. [PMID: 17358678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.032301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report new measurements of the parity-violating asymmetry A(PV) in elastic scattering of 3 GeV electrons off hydrogen and 4He targets with <theta(lab)> approximately 6.0 degrees . The 4He result is A(PV)=(+6.40+/-0.23(stat)+/-0.12(syst))x10(-6). The hydrogen result is A(PV)=(-1.58+/-0.12(stat)+/-0.04(syst))x10(-6). These results significantly improve constraints on the electric and magnetic strange form factors G(E)(s) and G(M)(s). We extract G(E)(s)=0.002+/-0.014+/-0.007 at <Q(2)>=0.077 GeV2, and G(E)(s)+0.09G(M)(s)=0.007+/-0.011+/-0.006 at <Q(2)>=0.109 GeV2, providing new limits on the role of strange quarks in the nucleon charge and magnetization distributions.
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Kar S, Kumar A, Gao F, Qiu B, Zhan X, Yang X. Percutaneous optical imaging system to track reporter gene expression from vasculatures in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2006; 11:34008. [PMID: 16822058 PMCID: PMC1501088 DOI: 10.1117/1.2209559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study develops a percutaneous optical imaging system for tracking fluorescent reporter gene expression in vasculatures. We build a percutaneous optical imaging system that primarily comprised a 1.5-mm, semi-rigid, two-port optical probe. The performance of the optical probe is first tested in vitro with cell phantoms, and then the feasibility of the percutaneous optical imaging system is validated in vivo in eight femoral artery segments of two pigs. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene is locally delivered into four arterial segments, while saline is delivered to the four contralateral arterial segments as controls. The targeted arteries are localized using color Doppler, and thereafter the optical probe is positioned to the target arterial segments under ultrasound guidance. Optical imaging captures are obtained using different exposure times from 10 to 60 s. Subsequently, the GFP- and saline-targeted arteries are harvested for fluorescent microscopy confirmation. The percutaneous optical probe is successfully positioned at a distance approximately 2 mm from the targets in all eight arteries. The in-vivo imaging shows higher average signal intensity in GFP-treated arteries than in saline-treated arteries. This study demonstrates the potential using the percutaneous optical imaging system to monitor, in vivo, reporter gene expression from vasculatures.
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Yang L, Kowalski JR, Zhan X, Thomas SM, Luscinskas FW. Endothelial cell cortactin phosphorylation by Src contributes to leukocyte transendothelial migration in vitro. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.5.a863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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88
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Brown SA, Slobod KS, Surman S, Zirkel A, Zhan X, Hurwitz JL. Individual HIV type 1 envelope-specific T cell responses and epitopes do not segregate by virus subtype. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2006; 22:188-94. [PMID: 16478402 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2006.22.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 vaccines are often designed to target one or several virus subtype(s). They therefore include antigens (e.g., env or env/gag/pol) from each targeted subtype to elicit subtype-directed immunity. To determine if individual T cells respond to HIV-1 antigens in a subtype-directed manner, we selected four T cell hybridomas, each representative of a different immunodominant response toward a subtype B envelope. Hybridomas were tested for responses toward 20 subtype B envelope proteins and one protein each from subtypes A, C, and D. None of the hybridomas cross-reacted with all subtype B envelopes, yet three responded to a non-B protein. Core epitopes and flanking regions affected responsiveness. This lack of subtype-directed activity was corroborated by analyses of the Los Alamos database; like immune responses, epitope distributions were not dictated by subtype. Results highlight the difficulty of predicting immune responses based on subtype alone and encourage considerations of antigenic disparity in addition to subtype disparity during HIV-1 vaccine design.
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Desiderio DM, Zhan X. The human pituitary proteome: the characterization of differentially expressed proteins in an adenoma compared to a control. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2003; 49:689-712. [PMID: 14528906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to clarify the basic molecular mechanisms that participate in the formation of human pituitary macroadenomas, this study, for the first time, describes the comparative proteomics between a pituitary adenoma tissue and a control tissue. A vertical, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system and PDQuest image analysis software were used to provide a high level of between-gel reproducibility and electrophoretic separation to accurately locate each differentially expressed protein. Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-Q-IT) and protein databases were used to characterize each differentially expressed protein. A total of 137 differential gel spots (37 increased spot volumes, 39 decreased, 19 new and 42 lost) were found when we compared an adenoma proteome to a control proteome. Seventy-one spots (20 increased, 27 decreased, 13 new, 11 lost), representing 39 differentially regulated proteins, were identified. Five differentially regulated proteins (prolactin, cellular retinoic acid-binding protein II, G-protein beta subunit 3, secretagogin and calreticulin) were also validated with results from a comparative transcriptomics study of pituitary adenomas and controls. The functional characteristics of these differentially expressed proteins provide a differential proteomic profile between a pituitary adenoma and a control.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoma/genetics
- Adenoma/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Analysis of Variance
- Chromatography, Liquid/methods
- Computational Biology/methods
- Databases, Protein
- Electronic Data Processing/methods
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hydrolysis
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
- Isoelectric Focusing/methods
- Isoelectric Point
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Weight
- Peptide Mapping
- Pituitary Gland/chemistry
- Pituitary Gland/pathology
- Pituitary Neoplasms/genetics
- Pituitary Neoplasms/metabolism
- Proteome/analysis
- Proteome/isolation & purification
- Reproducibility of Results
- Silver Staining
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
- Trypsin/metabolism
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90
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Zhan X, Slobod KS, Surman S, Brown SA, Lockey TD, Coleclough C, Doherty PC, Hurwitz JL. Limited breadth of a T-helper cell response to a human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein. J Virol 2003; 77:4231-6. [PMID: 12634380 PMCID: PMC150625 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.7.4231-4236.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-envelope human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines have been studied for more than a decade, with some successes in homologous challenge experiments in nonhuman primates but with no clear successes in clinical trials. To gain insight into the breadth of the immunity elicited by such vaccines, we have dissected the T-helper cell response of C57BL/6 mice to an individual, molecularly cloned envelope protein. Here, we report that T-helper cells responsive to HIV type 1 1035 envelope are very highly restricted in C57BL/6 animals: seven different hybridomas recovered from five separate mice recognized the same peptide, PKVSFEPIPIHYCAP, located in the C2 region of gp120. Three of these hybridomas were tested on a natural variant of the peptide but failed to respond. A more extensive analysis of whole splenic populations from other C57BL/6 mice immunized with the 1035 envelope reproducibly confirmed that the gp120-specific T-helper response was almost exclusively focused on a single epitope. We conclude that single-envelope vaccines may frequently fail to provoke an immune response sufficiently diverse to recognize variant sequences among circulating HIV. The results encourage the inclusion of more than one envelope in future vaccines to enhance the potential diversity and respective surveillance capacities of responding T-helper cell populations.
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91
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Zhang Y, Li S, Lai B, Wang H, Zhan X, Liu G, Wang Y. [Clinical research on the antitumor activity and phenotype of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes for treatment of lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2001; 4:336-9. [PMID: 21059311 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2001.05.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the feasibility and toxicity of the infusion of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes ( TIL) with rIL-2 in patients with lung cancer. METHODS TILs derived from tissue samples which obtained from the surgically removed tumors of 51 patients were cultivated in vitro. Fifteen patients were infused with 0. 2×10⁸ to 1. 62×10⁸ TIL cells intravenously at 2-8 weeks after operation and rIL-2 was inhaled into lung at dose of 3×10⁵ U/ day for 3 days. TIL cytolytic activities on day 0 and day 25th after incubation were assessed with 3H-TdR release assay in vitro while the positive proportion of phenotypes of TIL were estimated with indirect immunofluorescence technique. RESULTS The cytolytic activity of TIL against autologous tumor cell and 801-D cell line after incubation ( 50. 35% and 42. 81% respectively) was significantly higher than that before incubation ( 13. 01% and 11. 46% respectively) ( P < 0. 05) . There was no apparent difference of the cytolytic activity between autologous tumor cell group and 801-D cell line group. The percentage of CD3+ and CD8+ TILs after culture was significant higher than that before cultivation( P < 0. 05) and there was no change in the percentage of CD4+ TILs and the ratio of CD4+ / CD8+ . Adverse effects were mild, only 3 of 15 patients had fever, headache, and nausea immediately after infusion of TIL and then recovered within several hours. Others had no any side effects. The immunity function of all patients was improved after infusion. CONCLUSIONS The result suggests that the infusion of expanded TILs in vitro, derived from surgical samples, is feasible and safe in patients with locally advanced lung cancer.
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92
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Li L, Zhan X, Li K, Yang X. Influence of light and heat on the stability of rotundine sulfate injection. J Pharm Sci 2001; 90:1497-504. [PMID: 11745708 DOI: 10.1002/jps.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The influence of both light and heat on the stability of rotundine sulfate injection was studied. Results show that in experiments with either isothermal heating or exposure to light at high temperatures, the drug coloration rate obeys zero-order kinetics. The total rate constant, k(total), caused by both light and heat can be divided into two parts: k(total)=k(dark)+k(light), where k(dark) and k(light) are the rate constants caused by heat and light, respectively. The k(light) can be expressed as k(light)=A(light)exp(-E(a,light)/RT)E, where E is the illuminance of light, A(light) is an experimental constant related to light sources, and E(a,light) is an experiment constant. Because the form of k(light) is similar to the Arrhenius equation, it is suggested that E(a,light) might be the observed activation energy of the rate-determining step of the subsequent processes of the photochemical reaction. This viewpoint is supported by the fact that E(a,light) is independent of light sources.
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93
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Luo J, Xie Z, Lam JW, Cheng L, Chen H, Qiu C, Kwok HS, Zhan X, Liu Y, Zhu D, Tang BZ. Aggregation-induced emission of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylsilole. Chem Commun (Camb) 2001:1740-1. [PMID: 12240292 DOI: 10.1039/b105159h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4152] [Impact Index Per Article: 180.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation greatly boosts emission efficiency of the silole, turning it from a weak luminophor into a strong emitter.
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94
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Li Y, Tondravi M, Liu J, Smith E, Haudenschild CC, Kaczmarek M, Zhan X. Cortactin potentiates bone metastasis of breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2001; 61:6906-11. [PMID: 11559568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Gene amplification of the chromosome 11q13 in breast cancer and squamous carcinomas in the head and neck results in frequent overexpression of cortactin, a prominent substrate of Src-related tyrosine kinases in the cell cortical areas. To investigate the role of cortactin in tumor progression, we analyzed MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells overexpressing green fluorescent protein-tagged murine cortactin (GFP-cortactin) and a cortactin mutant deficient in tyrosine phosphorylation under the control of a retroviral vector. Injection of MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing GFP-cortactin into nude mice through cardiac ventricles caused bone osteolysis at a frequency approximately 85% higher than that of cells expressing the vector alone, whereas injection of cells overexpressing the mutant deficient in tyrosine phosphorylation induced 74% fewer osteolytic metastases as compared with the control group. Interestingly, the cells expressing either GFP-cortactin or the mutant did not show significant differences in growth in vitro or when injected m.f.p. in vivo. On the other hand, the cells overexpressing GFP-cortactin but not the mutant acquired a >60% enhanced capability for transendothelial invasion and endothelial cell adhesion. These data suggest that cortactin contributes to tumor metastasis by enhancing the interaction of tumor cells with endothelial cells and the invasion of tumor cells into bone tissues.
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95
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Tang J, Lai B, Zhu Y, Wang H, Zhan X, Wang Y. [Inhibitory effect of 5F11-DXR immunoconjugate on human lung cancer cells]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2001; 4:169-74. [PMID: 21047469 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2001.03.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the inhibition effect of immunoconjugate of doxorubicin(DXR) with a monoclonal antibody, 5F11 on human lung cancer cells and its reversal effect on resistant lung cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drug. METHODS DXR was attached to 5F11 using dilute glutaraldehyde crossing.The antitumor activity of immunoconjugate, 5F11-DXR, against the sensitive antigen-positive cell line, A2, drug-resistant antigen-positive cell lines, 801-D and 801-DDXR, and antigen-negative cell line, ascite cancer cell was evaluated by human tumor cell cloning assay and dye exclusion assay. RESULTS According to the results of various assays, comparing with single DXR, 5F11-DXR could significantly increase the cytotoxicity to A2, 801-D and 801-DDXR cell lines with a DXR concentration of 0.4 μg/ml(P<0.05), and this difference was even more distinct to A2 cell line with lower concentration of DXR (0.04 μg/ml). However, there was no remarkable difference between 5F11-DXR and single DXR in cytotoxicity to antigen-negative ascite cancer cell(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS 5F11-DXR can remarkably increase the cytotoxicity of DXR to the sensitive target cells and even effectively reverse the drug-resistant cell lines to DXR. There is no significant difference between 5F11-DXR and DXR in killing antigen-negative cancer cells.
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96
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Yu F, Dong Y, Han Y, Li W, Zu Z, Zhan X, Shu J, Wang C. [The reconstruction of laryngeal function in subtotal laryngectomy by pedicled flaps]. ZHONGHUA ER BI YAN HOU KE ZA ZHI 2001; 36:213-5. [PMID: 12761928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the possibility of subtotal laryngectomy in the treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer and selection of reconstruction. METHODS Forty patients were treated surgically by subtotal laryngectomy with preservation of arytenoid cartilage and perichondrium. The pedicled flaps between cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage were sewed up. The new larynx was reconstructed by suturing the cricoid or trachea to the hyoid bone or the tongue base. RESULTS The 3 and 5 year survival rates were 85.0% and 76.2% respectively. Decannulation rate was 92.5%. CONCLUSION The reconstruction of laryngeal function in subtotal laryngectomy by pedicled flaps not only is safe and beneficial to the patients with the cancers above the cricoid, but also improves the quality of patient's life.
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97
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Lin T, Li K, Li C, Qiu C, Zhan X. [The photostability of hydrocortisone injection]. HUA XI YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF WEST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUAXI YIKE DAXUE XUEBAO 2001; 32:315-6, 324. [PMID: 12600120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This experiment was designed to make known wether the photostability of drugs in daylight can be obtained from lamplight exposure. METHODS A self made cumulative illuminometer via pulse counting method was used for measuring cumulative illuminance of daylight to investige the photodegradation of Hydrocortisone injection in various lamp light and daylight; the equivalent influences of different light sources on the photostability of the injection were obtained, and the shelf-life in indoor daylight of the drug was predicted. RESULTS The photodegradation of Hydrocortisone injection obeys zero order kinetics: C = C0-kEt; the shelf-life in indoor daylight of the injection in nude ampoules was predicted as 36 days and is comparable to 35 days in a long-term storage test. CONCLUSION The photostability of drugs in daylight can be obtained from lamplight exposure experiment.
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98
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Uruno T, Liu J, Zhang P, Egile C, Li R, Mueller SC, Zhan X. Activation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin polymerization by cortactin. Nat Cell Biol 2001; 3:259-66. [PMID: 11231575 DOI: 10.1038/35060051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cortactin, a filamentous actin (F-actin)-associated protein and prominent substrate of Src, is implicated in progression of breast tumours through gene amplification at chromosome 11q13. However, the function of cortactin remains obscure. Here we show that cortactin co-localizes with the Arp2/3 complex, a de novo actin nucleator, at dynamic particulate structures enriched with actin filaments. Cortactin binds directly to the Arp2/3 complex and activates it to promote nucleation of actin filaments. The interaction of cortactin with the Arp2/3 complex occurs at an amino-terminal domain that is rich in acidic amino acids. Mutations in a conserved amino-acid sequence of DDW abolish both the interaction with the Arp2/3 complex and complex activation. The N-terminal domain is not only essential but also sufficient to target cortactin to actin-enriched patches within cells. Interestingly, the ability of cortactin to activate the Arp2/3 complex depends on an activity for F-actin binding, which is almost 20-fold higher than that of the Arp2/3 complex. Our data indicate a new mechanism for activation of actin polymerization involving an enhanced interaction between the Arp2/3 complex and actin filaments.
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99
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Abenes G, Lee M, Haghjoo E, Tong T, Zhan X, Liu F. Murine cytomegalovirus open reading frame M27 plays an important role in growth and virulence in mice. J Virol 2001; 75:1697-707. [PMID: 11160668 PMCID: PMC114079 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.4.1697-1707.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a Tn3-based transposon mutagenesis approach, we have generated a pool of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) mutants. In this study, one of the mutants, RvM27, which contained the transposon sequence at open reading frame M27, was characterized both in tissue culture and in immunocompetent BALB/c mice and immunodeficient SCID mice. Our results suggest that the M27 carboxyl-terminal sequence is dispensable for viral replication in vitro. Compared to the wild-type strain and a rescued virus that restored the M27 region, RvM27 was attenuated in growth in both BALB/c and SCID mice that were intraperitoneally infected with the viruses. Specifically, the titers of RvM27 in the salivary glands, lungs, spleens, livers, and kidneys of the infected SCID mice at 21 days postinfection were 50- to 500-fold lower than those of the wild-type virus and the rescued virus. Moreover, the virulence of the mutant virus appeared to be attenuated, because no deaths occurred among SCID mice infected with RvM27 for up to 37 days postinfection, while all the animals infected with the wild-type and rescued viruses died within 27 days postinfection. Our observations provide the first direct evidence to suggest that a disruption of M27 expression results in reduced viral growth and attenuated viral virulence in vivo in infected animals. Moreover, these results suggest that M27 is a viral determinant required for optimal MCMV growth and virulence in vivo and provide insight into the functions of the M27 homologues found in other animal and human CMVs as well as in other betaherpesviruses.
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100
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Zhan X, Yang Q, Wang Z, Wang M. [Role of protein kinase in the proliferation of human embryonic pulmonary fibrolasts stimulated by the supernatants of crocidolite-exposed alveolar macrophages]. WEI SHENG YAN JIU = JOURNAL OF HYGIENE RESEARCH 2001; 30:10-3. [PMID: 11255751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the role of protein kinase in the proliferation of lung fibroblasts induced by crocidolite. An in vitro model was established by rabbit alveolar macrophage (AM) and human embryonic pulmonary fibroblasts (HEPF). Using MTT color response method to measure HEPF proliferation, the influence of the inhibitor or activator of protein kinase (PKA, PKC and TPK) on the proliferation of crocidolite-induced HEPF were investigated. TiO2 was taken as negative control and SiO2 positive control. The results showed that the inhibitors of PKA, PKC and TPK could all inhibit the proliferation of HEPF induced by crocidolite, their activators could also promote the proliferation of HEPF. There all existed significant dose-effect relationships (P < 0.01), and the intensity in crocidolite group was inhibited or activated more than that in the controls. Through acting intensity analysis, the intensity was found as follows: TPK > PKC > PKA. It was suggested that TPK, PKC and PKA signal pathways were all involved in the process of the proliferation of crocidolite-induced HEPF, but TPK maybe played a key role in this process. This study provide leads for further research on identifying the bioactive factors of proliferation of crocidolite-induce HEPF.
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