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Chamberlain MD, Wells LA, Lisovsky A, Guo H, Isserlin R, Talior-Volodarsky I, Mahou R, Emili A, Sefton MV. Unbiased phosphoproteomic method identifies the initial effects of a methacrylic acid copolymer on macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:10673-8. [PMID: 26261332 PMCID: PMC4553830 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1508826112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An unbiased phosphoproteomic method was used to identify biomaterial-associated changes in the phosphorylation patterns of macrophage-like cells. The phosphorylation differences between differentiated THP1 (dTHP1) cells treated for 10, 20, or 30 min with a vascular regenerative methacrylic acid (MAA) copolymer or a control methyl methacrylate (MM) copolymer were determined by MS. There were 1,470 peptides (corresponding to 729 proteins) that were differentially phosphorylated in dTHP1 cells treated with the two materials with a greater cellular response to MAA treatment. In addition to identifying pathways (such as integrin signaling and cytoskeletal arrangement) that are well known to change with cell-material interaction, previously unidentified pathways, such as apoptosis and mRNA splicing, were also discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dean Chamberlain
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - Laura A Wells
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - Alexandra Lisovsky
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - Ruth Isserlin
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - Ilana Talior-Volodarsky
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - Redouan Mahou
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - Andrew Emili
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - Michael V Sefton
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9
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102
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Aline-Fardin A, Bender S, Fabiani B, Buob D, Brahimi S, Verpont MC, Mothy M, Ronco P, Boffa JJ, Aucouturier P, Garderet L. Pseudo-Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Presentation of a Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis With an Unmutated Monoclonal κ Light Chain. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1247. [PMID: 26266355 PMCID: PMC4616688 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH) is a rare complication of monoclonal gammopathies caused by accumulation of crystalline material inside macrophages, and it may result in a variety of clinical manifestations depending on the involved organs. Although immunoglobulin κ light chains (LCs) seem to be the most frequent pathogenic component, very few molecular data are currently available.A 69-year-old man presented with a very poor performance status. Remarkable features were mesenteric lymph node enlargement and proteinuria, including a monoclonal κ LC. Light and electron microscopy studies revealed the presence of crystals within macrophages in the lymph nodes, bone marrow, and kidney, leading to the diagnosis of CSH. The pathogenic κ LC variable domain sequence was identical to the germline Vk3-2001/Jk201 gene segments, without any somatic mutation, suggesting an extra-follicular B cell proliferation.The patient was successfully treated with 4 cycles of bortezomib and dexamethasone. After a 12-month follow-up, he remains in hematological and renal remission.CSH may present as pseudo-peritoneal carcinomatosis and relate to a monoclonal κ LC encoded by an unmutated gene. Bortezomib-based therapy proved efficacious in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Aline-Fardin
- From the AP-HP (AA-F, BF), Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Pathology, Paris; CNRS UMR 7276 Université de Limoges (SB, MCV), Hôpital Universitaire Dupuytren; AP-HP (DB), Hôpital Tenon, Department of Pathology, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (DB), Paris; Centre hospitalier de Troyes (SB), Service D'Hématologie; AP-HP (MM), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris; Université Pierre & Marie Curie (MM), Paris; INSERM (MM), UMRs, U938, Paris; AP-HP (PR, JJB), Hôpital Tenon, Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Paris; Sorbonne Universités (PR, JJB), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155; INSERM (PR, JJB), UMR_S 1155, Paris; INSERM (PA), UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6 (PA), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris; INSERM (LG), UMR_S 938, Paris; AP-HP (LG), Hôpital Saint Antoine, Département d'hématologie et de thérapie cellulaire, Paris; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6 (LG), Paris, France
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103
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Barst BD, Bridges K, Korbas M, Roberts AP, Van Kirk K, McNeel K, Drevnick PE. The role of melano-macrophage aggregates in the storage of mercury and other metals: an example from yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus). Environ Toxicol Chem 2015; 34:1918-25. [PMID: 26177920 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Melano-macrophage aggregates, collections of specialized cells of the innate immune system of fish, are considered a general biomarker for contaminant toxicity. To elucidate further the relationship between macrophage aggregates and metals exposure, yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus), a long-lived species, were sampled from the east and west coasts of Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Metals concentrations in livers (inorganic Hg, methyl mercury, Se, Ni, Cd, Cu, Zn) and spleens (inorganic Hg and methyl mercury) were determined, as well as their correlations with melano-macrophage aggregate area. Sections of liver tissue were analyzed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to determine how metals were spatially distributed between hepatocytes and macrophage aggregates. The concentration of inorganic Hg in whole tissue was the best predictor of macrophage area in yelloweye livers and spleens. Macrophage aggregates had higher relative concentrations than most metals compared with the surrounding hepatocytes. However, not all metals were accumulated to the same degree, as evidenced by differences in the ratios of metals in macrophages compared with hepatocytes. Laser ablation data were corroborated with the results of X-ray synchrotron fluorescence imaging of a yelloweye liver section. Hepatic macrophage aggregates in yelloweye rockfish may play an important role in the detoxification and storage of Hg and other metals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin Bridges
- Department of Biological Sciences & Institute of Applied Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Malgorzata Korbas
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences & Institute of Applied Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Kray Van Kirk
- Division of Commercial Fisheries, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Douglas, Alaska, USA
| | - Kevin McNeel
- Division of Commercial Fisheries, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Douglas, Alaska, USA
| | - Paul E Drevnick
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
- University of Michigan Biological Station and School of Natural Resources and Environment, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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104
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Schueller K, Pignitter M, Somoza V. Sulfated and Glucuronated trans-Resveratrol Metabolites Regulate Chemokines and Sirtuin-1 Expression in U-937 Macrophages. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:6535-6545. [PMID: 26111115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The natural anti-inflammatory compound resveratrol (RES) is metabolized upon ingestion. After dietary-scale doses, plasma concentrations of sulfated and glucuronated metabolites in humans exceed those of RES. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of physiological concentrations (1 μM) of the most abundant RES metabolites (RES-3-O-sulfate, R3S; RES-disulfates, RdS; RES-3-O-glucuronide, R3G; RES-4'-O-glucuronide, R4G) on genes and proteins involved in immune cell chemotaxis and inflammation (IL-8, MIP-1b, MCP-1, CCR1, CCR2, CXCR2, SIRT1) in a cell model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated U-937 macrophages. Levels of MCP-1 mRNA were comparably decreased after 3 h of treatment with R3S and RdS by -24.7 ± 5.51 and -28.7 ± 19.2%, respectively. LPS-induced MCP-1 protein release was reduced after 3 h of treatment by R3S (-20.8 ± 13.9%) and RdS (-25.7 ± 8.29%). After a 9 h treatment, RdS also inhibited IL-8 and MIP-1b protein release by -22.9 ± 3.57 and -20.1 ± 7.00%, respectively. Glucuronides showed differential effects after 6 h of treatment, with R4G up-regulating mRNA of MIP-1b (24.5 ± 14.8%) and R3G and R4G down-regulating CXCR2 surface protein compared to cells treated with LPS alone, by -5.33 ± 4.18 and -15.2 ± 5.99%, respectively. On the contrary, R3G and R4G up-regulated SIRT1 mRNA by 22.7 ± 17.9 and 22.8 ± 16.9%, respectively, in LPS-stimulated U-937 macrophages, showing anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, sulfated RES metabolites show an interesting beneficial potential for attenuating inflammatory immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schueller
- †Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc Pignitter
- †Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Somoza
- †Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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105
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Oksala N, Pärssinen J, Seppälä I, Klopp N, Illig T, Laaksonen R, Levula M, Raitoharju E, Kholova I, Sioris T, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Hytönen VP. Kindlin 3 (FERMT3) is associated with unstable atherosclerotic plaques, anti-inflammatory type II macrophages and upregulation of beta-2 integrins in all major arterial beds. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:145-54. [PMID: 26188538 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kindlins (FERMT) are cytoplasmic proteins required for integrin (ITG) activation, leukocyte transmigration, platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Characterization of kindlins and their association with atherosclerotic plaques in human(s) is lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS Exploratory microarray (MA) was first performed followed by selective quantitative validation of robustly expressed genes with qRT-PCR low-density array (LDA). In LDA, ITGA1 (1.30-fold, p = 0.041) and ITGB3 (1.37-fold, p = 0.036) were upregulated in whole blood samples of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to healthy controls. In arterial plaques, both robustly expressed transcript variants of FERMT3 (MA: 5.90- and 3.4-fold; LDA: 3.99-fold, p < 0.0001 for all) and ITGB2 (MA: 4.81- and 4.92-fold; LDA: 5.29-fold, p < 0.0001 for all) were upregulated while FERMT2 was downregulated (MA: -1.61-fold; LDA: -2.88-fold, p < 0.0001 for both). The other integrins (ITGA1, ITGAV, ITGB3, ITGB5) were downregulated. All these results were replicated in at least one arterial bed. The latter FERMT3 transcript variant associated with unstable plaques (p = 0.0004). FERMT3 correlated with M2 macrophage markers and in hierarchical cluster analysis clustered with inflammatory and macrophage markers, while FERMT2 correlated with SMC-rich plaque markers and clustered with SMC markers. In confocal immunofluorescence analysis, FERMT3 protein colocalized with abundant CD68-positive cells of monocytic origin in the atherosclerotic plaques, while co-localization of FERMT3 with HHF35 indicative of smooth muscle cells was low. CONCLUSIONS Kindlin-3 (FERMT3) is upregulated in atherosclerotic, especially unstable plaques, mainly in cells of monocytic origin and of M2 type. Simultaneous upregulation of ITGB2 suggests a synergistic effect on leukocyte adherence and transmigration into the vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niku Oksala
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
| | - Jenita Pärssinen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Norman Klopp
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Levula
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ivana Kholova
- Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Thanos Sioris
- Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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106
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Bloom AN, Tian H, Winograd N. C60-SIMS imaging of nanoparticles within mammalian cells. Biointerphases 2015; 11:02A306. [PMID: 26721414 PMCID: PMC4698117 DOI: 10.1116/1.4939463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve successful drug delivery via nanoparticles the interactions between the nanoparticle and the chemistry of the surrounding biological environment is of central importance. A thorough understanding of these interactions is necessary in order to better elucidate information regarding drug pathways and mechanisms of action in treatment protocols. As such, it is important to identify the location of the nanoparticle, the state of its functionalization, as well as any changes in the cellular environment. The use of cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) using C60 (+) primary ions makes simultaneous acquisition of this information possible. Here, SIMS has been successfully used to chemically image gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within a model, single cell system involving macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. The macrophage-like properties of this cell line make it extremely well-suited for cell-uptake studies. Both AuNPs and two pharmaceutical compounds, amiodarone and elacridar, were successfully imaged within a cellular system using cluster SIMS. To verify that SIMS can also be used to detect functionalization and nanoparticles simultaneously, fluorophore-functionalized AuNPs were studied as a model system. The fluorescent characteristics of these functionalized nanoparticles enabled the visual confirmation of the presence and location of the particles within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Bloom
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Nicholas Winograd
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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107
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Torrelo A, Colmenero I, Requena L, Paller AS, Ramot Y, Lee CCR, Vera A, Zlotogorski A, Goldbach-Mansky R, Kutzner H. Histologic and Immunohistochemical Features of the Skin Lesions in CANDLE Syndrome. Am J Dermatopathol 2015; 37:517-22. [PMID: 26091509 PMCID: PMC4476069 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature (CANDLE) syndrome is a newly characterized autoinflammatory disorder, caused by mutations in PSMB8. It is characterized by early-onset fevers, accompanied by a widespread, violaceous, and often annular cutaneous eruption. Although the exact pathogenesis of this syndrome is still obscure, it is postulated that the inflammatory disease manifestations stem from excess secretion of interferons. Based on preliminary blood cytokine and gene expression studies, the signature seems to come mostly from type I interferons, which are proposed to lead to the recruitment of immature myeloid cells into the dermis and subcutis. In this study, we systematically analyzed skin biopsies from 6 patients with CANDLE syndrome by routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry methods. Skin lesions showed the presence of extensive mixed dermal and subcutaneous inflammatory infiltrate, composed of mononuclear cells, atypical myeloid cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and some mature lymphocytes. Positive LEDER and myeloperoxidase staining supported the presence of myeloid cells. Positive CD68/PMG1 and CD163 staining confirmed the existence of histiocytes and monocytic macrophages in the inflammatory infiltrate. CD123 staining was positive, demonstrating the presence of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Uncovering the unique histopathological and immunohistochemical features of CANDLE syndrome provides tools for rapid and specific diagnosis of this disorder and further insight into the pathogenesis of this severe life-threatening condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Torrelo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Colmenero
- Paediatric Histopathology Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luis Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amy S. Paller
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Yuval Ramot
- Department of Dermatology and the Center for Genetic Diseases of the Skin & Hair, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Angel Vera
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain
| | - Abraham Zlotogorski
- Department of Dermatology and the Center for Genetic Diseases of the Skin & Hair, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Heinz Kutzner
- Dermatohistopathologisches Gemeinschaftslabor, Friedrichshafen, Germany
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108
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Arayachukiat S, Seemork J, Pan-In P, Amornwachirabodee K, Sangphech N, Sansureerungsikul T, Sathornsantikun K, Vilaivan C, Shigyou K, Pienpinijtham P, Vilaivan T, Palaga T, Banlunara W, Hamada T, Wanichwecharungruang S. Bringing macromolecules into cells and evading endosomes by oxidized carbon nanoparticles. Nano Lett 2015; 15:3370-6. [PMID: 25849219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A great challenge exists in finding safe, simple, and effective delivery strategies to bring matters across cell membrane. Popular methods such as viral vectors, positively charged particles and cell penetrating peptides possess some of the following drawbacks: safety issues, lysosome trapping, limited loading capacity, and toxicity, whereas electroporation produces severe damages on both cargoes and cells. Here, we show that a serendipitously discovered, relatively nontoxic, water dispersible, stable, negatively charged, oxidized carbon nanoparticle, prepared from graphite, could deliver macromolecules into cells, without getting trapped in a lysosome. The ability of the particles to induce transient pores on lipid bilayer membranes of cell-sized liposomes was demonstrated. Delivering 12-base-long pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acids with d-prolyl-(1S,2S)-2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid backbone (acpcPNA) complementary to the antisense strand of the NF-κB binding site in the promoter region of the Il6 gene into the macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, by our particles resulted in an obvious accumulation of the acpcPNAs in the nucleus and decreased Il6 mRNA and IL-6 protein levels upon stimulation. We anticipate this work to be a starting point in a new drug delivery strategy, which involves the nanoparticle that can induce a transient pore on the lipid bilayer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunatda Arayachukiat
- †Macromolecular Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University (CU), ‡Program in Petrochemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, ∥Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, CU, ⊥School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), ¶Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, CU, ∇Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Seemork
- †Macromolecular Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University (CU), ‡Program in Petrochemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, ∥Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, CU, ⊥School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), ¶Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, CU, ∇Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Porntip Pan-In
- †Macromolecular Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University (CU), ‡Program in Petrochemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, ∥Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, CU, ⊥School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), ¶Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, CU, ∇Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kittima Amornwachirabodee
- †Macromolecular Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University (CU), ‡Program in Petrochemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, ∥Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, CU, ⊥School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), ¶Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, CU, ∇Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Naunpun Sangphech
- †Macromolecular Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University (CU), ‡Program in Petrochemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, ∥Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, CU, ⊥School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), ¶Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, CU, ∇Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Titiporn Sansureerungsikul
- †Macromolecular Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University (CU), ‡Program in Petrochemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, ∥Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, CU, ⊥School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), ¶Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, CU, ∇Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kamonluck Sathornsantikun
- †Macromolecular Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University (CU), ‡Program in Petrochemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, ∥Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, CU, ⊥School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), ¶Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, CU, ∇Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chotima Vilaivan
- †Macromolecular Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University (CU), ‡Program in Petrochemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, ∥Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, CU, ⊥School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), ¶Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, CU, ∇Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kazuki Shigyou
- †Macromolecular Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University (CU), ‡Program in Petrochemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, ∥Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, CU, ⊥School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), ¶Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, CU, ∇Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prompong Pienpinijtham
- †Macromolecular Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University (CU), ‡Program in Petrochemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, ∥Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, CU, ⊥School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), ¶Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, CU, ∇Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tirayut Vilaivan
- †Macromolecular Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University (CU), ‡Program in Petrochemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, ∥Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, CU, ⊥School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), ¶Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, CU, ∇Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- †Macromolecular Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University (CU), ‡Program in Petrochemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, ∥Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, CU, ⊥School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), ¶Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, CU, ∇Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- †Macromolecular Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University (CU), ‡Program in Petrochemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, ∥Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, CU, ⊥School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), ¶Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, CU, ∇Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tsutomu Hamada
- †Macromolecular Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University (CU), ‡Program in Petrochemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, ∥Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, CU, ⊥School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), ¶Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, CU, ∇Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Supason Wanichwecharungruang
- †Macromolecular Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University (CU), ‡Program in Petrochemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, CU, ∥Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, CU, ⊥School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), ¶Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, CU, ∇Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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109
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Zubareva AA, Shcherbinina TS, Varlamov VP, Svirshchevskaya EV. Intracellular sorting of differently charged chitosan derivatives and chitosan-based nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2015; 7:7942-7952. [PMID: 25866253 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00327j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (Chi) is a biodegradable nontoxic polycation with multiple reactive groups that is easily used to obtain derivatives with a desired charge and hydrophobic properties. The aim of this work was to study the intracellular traffic of positively charged hexanoyl-chitosan (HC) or HC-based nanoparticles (HCNPs) and negatively charged succinoyl-chitosan (SC) and SCNPs in epithelial and macrophage cell lines. By using flow cytometry we demonstrated that positively charged HC adhered to cell membranes quicker and more efficiently than negatively charged SC or NPs. However confocal studies showed that SC and SCNPs penetrated cells much more efficiently than HC while HCNPs did not enter the epithelial cells. Macrophages also phagocyted better negatively charged material but were able to engulf both HC and HCNPs. Upon entering the cells, SC and SCNPs were co-localized with endosomes and lysosomes while HC was found in mitochondria and, to a lesser extent, in lysosomes of epithelial cells. Macrophages, RAW264.7, more efficiently transported all Chi samples to the lysosomal compartment while some positively charged material was still found in mitochondria. Incubation of Chi derivatives and ChiNPs at pH specific to mitochondria (8.0) and lysosomes (4.5) demonstrated the neutralization of Chi charge. We concluded that epithelial cells and, to a lesser extent, macrophages sort charged material to the organelles neutralizing Chi charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Zubareva
- Centre "Bioengineering" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312, Moscow, Russia
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110
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Dill BD, Gierlinski M, Härtlova A, Arandilla AG, Guo M, Clarke RG, Trost M. Quantitative proteome analysis of temporally resolved phagosomes following uptake via key phagocytic receptors. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1334-49. [PMID: 25755298 PMCID: PMC4424403 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.044594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages operate at the forefront of innate immunity and their discrimination of foreign versus "self" particles is critical for a number of responses including efficient pathogen killing, antigen presentation, and cytokine induction. In order to efficiently destroy the particles and detect potential threats, macrophages express an array of receptors to sense and phagocytose prey particles. In this study, we accurately quantified a proteomic time-course of isolated phagosomes from murine bone marrow-derived macrophages induced by particles conjugated to seven different ligands representing pathogen-associated molecular patterns, immune opsonins or apoptotic cell markers. We identified a clear functional differentiation over the three timepoints and detected subtle differences between certain ligand-phagosomes, indicating that triggering of receptors through a single ligand type has mild, but distinct, effects on phagosome proteome and function. Moreover, our data shows that uptake of phosphatidylserine-coated beads induces an active repression of NF-κB immune responses upon Toll-like receptor (TLR)-activation by recruitment of anti-inflammatory regulators to the phagosome. This data shows for the first time a systematic time-course analysis of bone marrow-derived macrophages phagosomes and how phagosome fate is regulated by the receptors triggered for phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Dill
- From the ‡MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit
| | | | - Anetta Härtlova
- From the ‡MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit
| | | | - Manman Guo
- From the ‡MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit
| | - Rosemary G Clarke
- ¶Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Scotland, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Trost
- From the ‡MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit,
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111
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Shen Y, Wang P, Zhou J, Yuan Z, Yin A, Wang L. [Effect of serum from patients with chronic renal insufficiency and indoxyl sulfate on lipid accumulation in macrophages in vitro]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2015; 35:631-638. [PMID: 26018254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathologies of aortic root atherosclerotic lesion in uremic apoE-/- mice and explore the effect of serum from patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and the uremic toxin, indoxyl sulfate (IS), on the expression of cholesterol transporting receptors and lipid accumulation in macrophages in vitro. METHODS The uremic apoE-/- mouse model was established by surgical operation. Frozen sections of the aortic root were collected from uremic apoE-/- mice, sham-operated apoE-/- mice and C57BL/6J mice and stained with oil red O to calculate the relative area of atherosclerotic plaque. Murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell line was treated for 12 h with different concentrations of IS or serum samples from CRI patients and healthy individuals, and the mRNA expressions of cholesterol transporting receptors (SR-A1, CD36, ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR-B1) were detected. After treatment for 24 h, the cells were induced into foam cells to determine lipid contents using oil red O staining. RESULTS The relative area of the atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root increased significantly in uremic apoE-/- mice compared with that in sham-operated apoE-/- mice. CRI serum (5%) and IS (250 µmol/L) obviously increased the mRNA expression of CD36 and lipid accumulation in the macrophages, but did not affect the mRNA expression of other cholesterol transporting receptors. CONCLUSION CRI can accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis through the mechanism that IS in CRI serum promotes lipid accumulation in macrophages by enhancing the mRNA expression of CD36, which contributes to the formation of foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Nephropathy Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China.E-mail:
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112
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Sakai H, Naka R, Suzuki D, Nomoto Y, Miyazaki M, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Atkins RC. In situ hybridization analysis of TGF-beta in glomeruli from patients with IgA nephropathy. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 111:107-14; discussion 115. [PMID: 7758331 DOI: 10.1159/000423884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Sakai
- Division of Nephrology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
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113
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Abstract
Background The words ‘infection’ and ‘inflammation’ lack specific definitions. Here, such words are not defined. Instead, the ability to visualize host-microbial interactions was explored. Methods Leukocyte differential counts and four bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Staphylococcus chromogenes, and Escherichia coli) were determined or isolated in a cross-sectional and randomized study conducted with 611 bovine milk samples. Two paradigms were evaluated: (i) the classic one, which measures non-structured (count or percent) data; and (ii) a method that, using complex data structures, detects and differentiates three-dimensional (3D) interactions among lymphocytes (L), macrophages (M), and neutrophils (N). Results Classic analyses failed to differentiate bacterial-positive (B+) from –negative (B−) observations: B− and B+ data overlapped, even when statistical significance was achieved. In contrast, the alternative approach showed distinct patterns, such as perpendicular data inflections, which discriminated microbial-negative/mononuclear cell-predominating (MCP) from microbial-positive/phagocyte-predominating (PP) subsets. Two PP subcategories were distinguished, as well as PP/culture-negative (false-negative) and MCP/culture-positive (false-positive) observations. In 3D space, MCP and PP subsets were perpendicular to one another, displaying ≥91% specificity or sensitivity. Findings supported five inferences: (i) disease is not always ruled out by negative bacterial tests; (ii) low total cell counts can coexist with high phagocyte percents; (iii) neither positive bacterial isolation nor high cell counts always coincide with PP profiles; (iv) statistical significance is not synonymous with discrimination; and (v) hidden relationships cannot be detected when simple (non-structured) data formats are used and statistical analyses are performed before data subsets are identified, but can be uncovered when complexity is investigated. Conclusions Pattern recognition-based assessments can detect host-microbial interactions usually unobserved. Such cutoff-free, confidence interval-free, gold standard-free approaches provide interpretable information on complex entities, such as ‘infection’ and ‘inflammation’, even without definitions. To investigate disease dynamics, combinations of observational and experimental longitudinal studies, on human and non-human infections, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Leitner
- National Mastitis Reference Center, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Shlomo E. Blum
- National Mastitis Reference Center, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ariel L. Rivas
- Center for Global Health, Internal Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina Sate University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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114
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Xiao L, Mertens M, Wortmann L, Kremer S, Valldor M, Lammers T, Kiessling F, Mathur S. Enhanced in vitro and in vivo cellular imaging with green tea coated water-soluble iron oxide nanocrystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:6530-6540. [PMID: 25729881 DOI: 10.1021/am508404t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fully green and facile redox chemistry involving reduction of colloidal iron hydroxide (Fe(OH)3) through green tea (GT) polyphenols produced water-soluble Fe3O4 nanocrystals coated with GT extracts namely epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin (EC). Electron donating polyphenols stoichiometrically reduced Fe(3+) ions into Fe(2+) ions resulting in the formation of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and corresponding oxidized products (semiquinones and quinones) that simultaneously served as efficient surface chelators for the Fe3O4 nanoparticles making them dispersible and stable in water, PBS, and cell culture medium for extended time periods. As-formed iron oxide nanoparticles (2.5-6 nm) displayed high crystallinity and saturation magnetization as well as high relaxivity ratios manifested in strong contrast enhancement observed in T2-weighted images. Potential of green tea-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals (SPIONs) as superior negative contrast agents was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Primary human macrophages (J774A.1) and colon cancer cells (CT26) were chosen to assess cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of GT-, EGCGq-, and ECq-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which showed high uptake efficiencies by J774A.1 and CT26 cells without any additional transfection agent. Furthermore, the in vivo accumulation characteristics of GT-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were similar to those observed in clinical studies of SPIONs with comparable accumulation in epidermoid cancer-xenograft bearing mice. Given their promising transport and uptake characteristics and new surface chemistry, GT-SPIONs conjugates can be applied for multimodal imaging and therapeutic applications by anchoring further functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisong Xiao
- †Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marianne Mertens
- ‡Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Wortmann
- †Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Silke Kremer
- †Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Valldor
- §Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics and Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- ‡Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- ‡Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- †Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
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115
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Gherman C, Tudor MC, Constantin B, Flaviu T, Stefan R, Maria B, Chira S, Braicu C, Pop L, Petric RC, Berindan-Neagoe I. Pharmacokinetics Evaluation of Carbon Nanotubes Using FTIR Analysis and Histological Analysis. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2015; 15:2865-2869. [PMID: 26353506 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.9845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are biologically non-toxic and long-circulating nanostructures that have special physical properties. This study was focused on developing alternative methods that track carbon nanotubes, like FR-IR to classical tissue histological procedure. FT-IR absorption spectra were used to confirm the carboxylation of carbon nanotubes and to evaluate the presence of carbon nanotubes from bulk spleen samples and histologically prepared samples (control spleen and spleen with SWCNT-COOH). FT-IR spectrum of spleen sample from animals injected with CNTs shows major spectral differences consisting in infrared bands located at ~1173 cm(-1), ~ 1410 cm(-1); ~1658 cm(-1), ~1737 cm(-1) and around 1720 cm(-1) respectively. In terms of localization of carbon nanotubes, selective accumulation of marginal zone macrophages and splenic red pulp is observed for all treated groups, indicating the presence of carbon nanotubes even at 3, 4 and 7 days after treatment. In summary, we believe that histological evaluation and FT-IR can provide more characteristic information about the pharmacokinetcis and the clearance of carbon nanotubes.
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116
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Day JB, Basavanna U. Magnetic bead based immuno-detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii from infant formula and leafy green vegetables using the Bio-Plex suspension array system. Food Microbiol 2015; 46:564-572. [PMID: 25475329 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Listeriosis, a disease contracted via the consumption of foods contaminated with pathogenic Listeria species, can produce severe symptoms and high mortality in susceptible people and animals. The development of molecular methods and immuno-based techniques for detection of pathogenic Listeria in foods has been challenging due to the presence of assay inhibiting food components. In this study, we utilize a macrophage cell culture system for the isolation and enrichment of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii from infant formula and leafy green vegetables for subsequent identification using the Luminex xMAP technique. Macrophage monolayers were exposed to infant formula, lettuce and celery contaminated with L. monocytogenes or L. ivanovii. Magnetic microspheres conjugated to Listeria specific antibody were used to capture Listeria from infected macrophages and then analyzed using the Bio-Plex 200 analyzer. As few as 10 CFU/mL or g of L. monocytogenes was detected in all foods tested. The detection limit for L. ivanovii was 10 CFU/mL in infant formula and 100 CFU/g in leafy greens. Microsphere bound Listeria obtained from infected macrophage lysates could also be isolated on selective media for subsequent confirmatory identification. This method presumptively identifies L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii from infant formula, lettuce and celery in less than 28 h with confirmatory identifications completed in less than 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Day
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
| | - U Basavanna
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1430 Veterans Drive Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
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117
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Burrow TA, Sun Y, Prada CE, Bailey L, Zhang W, Brewer A, Wu SW, Setchell KDR, Witte D, Cohen MB, Grabowski GA. CNS, lung, and lymph node involvement in Gaucher disease type 3 after 11 years of therapy: clinical, histopathologic, and biochemical findings. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:233-241. [PMID: 25219293 PMCID: PMC4312736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A Caucasian male with Gaucher disease type 3, treated with continuous enzyme therapy (ET) for 11 years, experienced progressive mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, lung disease, and neurological involvement leading to death at an age of 12.5 years. Autopsy showed significant pathology of the brain, lymph nodes, and lungs. Liver and spleen glucosylceramide (GluCer) and glucosylsphingosine (GluS) levels were nearly normal and storage cells were cleared. Clusters of macrophages and very elevated GluCer and GluS levels were in the lungs, and brain parenchymal and perivascular regions. Compared to normal brain GluCer (GC 18:0), GluCer species with long fatty acid acyl chains were increased in the patient's brain. This profile was similar to that in the patient's lungs, suggesting that these lipids were present in brain perivascular macrophages. In the patient's brain, generalized astrogliosis, and enhanced LC3, ubiquitin, and Tau signals were identified in the regions surrounding macrophage clusters, indicating proinflammation, altered autophagy, and neurodegeneration. These findings highlight the altered phenotypes resulting from increased longevity due to ET, as well as those in poorly accessible compartments of brain and lung, which manifested progressive disease involvement despite ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Burrow
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Ying Sun
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Carlos E Prada
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio
- Centro de Medicina Genómica y Metabolismo, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Colombia
| | - Laurie Bailey
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Wujuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Amanda Brewer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Steve W Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kenneth D R Setchell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David Witte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mitchell B Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gregory A Grabowski
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio
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118
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Huang SH, Lee CH, Wang HM, Chang YW, Lin CY, Chen CY, Chen YH. 6-Dehydrogingerdione restrains lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:9171-9179. [PMID: 25162585 DOI: 10.1021/jf501665v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
6-Dehydrogingerdione (6-DG), one important component of ginger, has been reported to possess some medical effects, such as antitumor and antiatherosclerosis. Herein, the anti-inflammatory effects of 6-DG against lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced pro-inflammation mediators in RAW 264.7 cells were investigated. Results show that 6-DG significantly attenuated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS, NOS2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the LPS-mediated murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells). 6-DG inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of both p38 and nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-α (IκBα), which further prevented p-p65 nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB-p65) translocation to the nucleus. Moreover, 6-DG increased the ratio of phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (p-STAT1)/p-STAT3 and down-regulated the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Han Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Liu Y, Fan L, Wang Y, Li P, Zhu J, Wang L, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Huang G. Tumor-associated macrophages promote tumor cell proliferation in nasopharyngeal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:5429-5435. [PMID: 25337185 PMCID: PMC4203156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between the number of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and proliferative activity of tumor cells and the relationship between two macrophage biomarkers CD68 and CD163 in nasopharyngeal NK/T-cell lymphoma. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to reconfirm the diagnosis of nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma and detect the numbers of TAMs and the ki-67 label index of the tumor cells in all 31 cases. In addition, 12 cases of inflammatory cases were collected as controls, for which the immunostaining of CD68 and CD163 were done as well. Then staining results were analyzed with Pearson correlation and t test. RESULTS The number of TAMs was positively correlated with tumor proliferative activity (P = 0.024) in nasopharyngeal NK/T-cell lymphoma. The expression of CD68 and CD163 was closely related (P = 0.009), and the positive rate of CD68 was generally higher than CD163, however there is no statistical significance. CONCLUSION The increase in numbers of TAMs in nasopharyngeal NK/T-cell lymphoma is related to higher proliferative index, indicating the TAMs play an important role in tumor proliferation. Meanwhile both CD68 and CD163 might be the markers for TAMs but CD163 would be the better one.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biopsy
- Cell Communication
- Cell Proliferation
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunophenotyping
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell/chemistry
- Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell/pathology
- Macrophages/chemistry
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/chemistry
- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology
- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Linni Fan
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Gaosheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
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Yoo JS, Das RK, Jow ZY, Chang YT. In vivo detection of macrophage recruitment in hind-limb ischemia using a targeted near-infrared fluorophore. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103721. [PMID: 25072508 PMCID: PMC4114964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are an essential component of the immune system and have protective and pathogenic functions in various diseases. Imaging of macrophages in vivo could furnish new tools to advance evaluation of disease and therapies. Critical limb ischemia is a disease in which macrophages have considerable pathogenic roles, and are potential targets for cell-based immunotherapy. We sought to develop a new near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging probe to target macrophages specifically in vivo in various pathological states, including hind-limb ischemia. We rapidly screened the photostable cyanine-based NIRF library against different blood cell lines. The identified monocyte/macrophage-selective hit was tested in vitro in live-cell labeling assay. Non-invasive NIRF imaging was performed with murine models of paw inflammation by lipopolysaccharide challenge and hind-limb ischemia with femoral artery ligation. in vivo macrophage targeting was further evaluated using intravital microscopy with Csf1r-EGFP transgenic mice and immunofluorescent staining with macrophage-specific markers. We discovered MF800, a Macrophage-specific near-infrared Fluorophore, which showed selective live-cell imaging performance in a panel of cell lines and primary human blood samples. MF800 outperforms the clinically-available NIRF contrast agent ICG for in vivo specificity in paw inflammation and hind-limb ischemia models. We observed a marked overlap of MF800-labeled cells and EGFP-expressing macrophages in intravital imaging of Csf1r-EGFP transgenic mice. In the histologic analysis, MF800-positive cells also expressed the macrophage markers CD68 and CD169. NIRF imaging showcased the potential of using MF800 to understand macrophage behavior in vivo, characterize macrophage-associated diseases, and may help in assessing therapeutic responses in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sun Yoo
- Smart Humanity Convergence Center, Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raj Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi Yen Jow
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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Abbas K, Hardy M, Poulhès F, Karoui H, Tordo P, Ouari O, Peyrot F. Detection of superoxide production in stimulated and unstimulated living cells using new cyclic nitrone spin traps. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:281-290. [PMID: 24662195 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), have a diverse array of physiological and pathological effects within living cells depending on the extent, timing, and location of their production. For measuring ROS production in cells, the ESR spin trapping technique using cyclic nitrones distinguishes itself from other methods by its specificity for superoxide and hydroxyl radical. However, several drawbacks, such as the low spin trapping rate and the spontaneous and cell-enhanced decomposition of the spin adducts to ESR-silent products, limit the application of this method to biological systems. Recently, new cyclic nitrones bearing a triphenylphosphonium (Mito-DIPPMPO) or a permethylated β-cyclodextrin moiety (CD-DIPPMPO) have been synthesized and their spin adducts demonstrated increased stability in buffer. In this study, a comparison of the spin trapping efficiency of these new compounds with commonly used cyclic nitrone spin traps, i.e., 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), and analogs BMPO, DEPMPO, and DIPPMPO, was performed on RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Our results show that Mito-DIPPMPO and CD-DIPPMPO enable a higher detection of superoxide adduct, with a low (if any) amount of hydroxyl adduct. CD-DIPPMPO, especially, appears to be a superior spin trap for extracellular superoxide detection in living macrophages, allowing measurement of superoxide production in unstimulated cells for the first time. The main rationale put forward for this extreme sensitivity is that the extracellular localization of the spin trap prevents the reduction of the spin adducts by ascorbic acid and glutathione within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Abbas
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (UMR CNRS 8601), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Florent Poulhès
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Hakim Karoui
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Paul Tordo
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Fabienne Peyrot
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (UMR CNRS 8601), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; ESPE de l׳Académie de Paris, Université Paris Sorbonne, 75016 Paris, France.
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Wolf MT, Dearth CL, Ranallo CA, LoPresti ST, Carey LE, Daly KA, Brown BN, Badylak SF. Macrophage polarization in response to ECM coated polypropylene mesh. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6838-49. [PMID: 24856104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The host response to implanted biomaterials is a highly regulated process that influences device functionality and clinical outcome. Non-degradable biomaterials, such as knitted polypropylene mesh, frequently elicit a chronic foreign body reaction with resultant fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that an extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel coating of polypropylene mesh reduces the intensity of the foreign body reaction, though the mode of action is unknown. Macrophage participation plays a key role in the development of the foreign body reaction to biomaterials, and therefore the present study investigated macrophage polarization following mesh implantation. Spatiotemporal analysis of macrophage polarization was conducted in response to uncoated polypropylene mesh and mesh coated with hydrated and dry forms of ECM hydrogels derived from either dermis or urinary bladder. Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages (CD86+/CD68+), alternatively activated M2 macrophages (CD206+/CD68+), and foreign body giant cells were quantified between 3 and 35 days. Uncoated polypropylene mesh elicited a dominant M1 response at the mesh fiber surface, which was decreased by each ECM coating type beginning at 7 days. The diminished M1 response was accompanied by a reduction in the number of foreign body giant cells at 14 and 35 days, though there was a minimal effect upon the number of M2 macrophages at any time. These results show that ECM coatings attenuate the M1 macrophage response and increase the M2/M1 ratio to polypropylene mesh in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Wolf
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher L Dearth
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christian A Ranallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel T LoPresti
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa E Carey
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kerry A Daly
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bryan N Brown
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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123
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Muthuraj B, Deshmukh R, Trivedi V, Iyer PK. Highly selective probe detects Cu2+ and endogenous NO gas in living cell. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:6562-9. [PMID: 24703409 DOI: 10.1021/am501476w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and highly sensitive detection of extremely short-lived nitric oxide (NO) gas generated in vivo by a water-soluble fluorescein derivative is developed. This assay system comprises of indole-3-carboxaldehyde functionalized fluorescein hydrazone (FI) assay which displays a typically high absorption at 492 and 620 nm in the presence of Cu2+ and also shows FRET induced fluorescence turn-on exclusively with Cu2+. FI selectively detects Cu2+ in vivo and in vitro by the "turn-on" mechanism followed by fluorescence "turn-off" with NO gas generated by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) action. The in vivo experiment performed in the cellular system indicates that FI loaded RAW264.7 cells showed bright fluorescence in the presence of Cu2+, while other metals did not influence the FI fluorescence. In addition, the fluorescence of FI-Cu2+ was efficiently quenched by NO generated in macrophages through LPS stimulation. FI demonstrates characteristic "turn-on" behavior in the presence of Cu2+ via spirolactom ring-opening, while other metals such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Ag+ did not influence FI fluorescence even at very high concentration. Further, the FI-Cu2+ complex fluorescence was not quenched with any anions or amino acids but totally quenched by NO and the paramagnetic nature of Cu2+ ion converted into the diamagnetic nature when reduced to Cu1+. FI and the FI-Cu2+ complex are nontoxic to the cellular system and have high potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Muthuraj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are small, membrane-bound vesicles that arise from dead and dying cells, and display pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic activity. As shown previously, the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line can release MPs following stimulation with LPS or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)], ligands of TLR4 and TLR3 respectively. To determine the relationship of these MPs to those released during apoptosis, the nucleic acid content of MPs from cultures stimulated with LPS or poly (I:C) was compared with the nucleic acid content of MPs from untreated cells or cells induced to undergo apoptosis by treatment with etoposide or staurosporine (STS). As results of these studies showed, MPs from activated, apoptotic and untreated cells had features in common, as demonstrated by binding of the nucleic acid dyes SYTO 13 and propidium iodide; molecular mass of DNA; and binding of monoclonal anti-DNA and anti-nucleosome Abs. While MPs from the different culture conditions all contained ribosomal RNA, ribosomal RNA from MPs from STS-treated cells showed cleavage and degradation. Taken together, these studies indicate that the nucleic acid content of MPs from activated and apoptotic cells have important similarities, suggesting that events during TLR activation may lead to apoptosis and subsequent MP release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David S. Pisetsky
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Medical Research Service, Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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125
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Preza GC, Tanner K, Elliott J, Yang OO, Anton PA, Ochoa MT. Antigen-presenting cell candidates for HIV-1 transmission in human distal colonic mucosa defined by CD207 dendritic cells and CD209 macrophages. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30:241-9. [PMID: 24134315 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2013.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A common route for HIV-1 infection is sexual transmission across colorectal mucosa, which is thought to be 10-2,000 times more vulnerable to infection than that of the female genital tract. Mucosal surfaces are the first line of defense against many pathogens but the antigen-presenting cells (APCs), key regulators of innate immunity and determinants of adaptive immunity, are not well defined in these target tissues. Using immunohistochemistry, dendritic cells expressing Langerin (CD207(+)), a lectin known to bind and internalize HIV-1, were detected in the periphery of colonic glands and sparsely scattered in the submucosa similarly in colorectal mucosa. This cell type, well known in skin, has generally not been reported in colonic/rectal mucosa. Unexpectedly, the largest APC population observed was a macrophage-like population expressing the well-characterized tissue macrophage markers CD68 and CD163. Confocal microscopy of these cells revealed colocalization of CD209 (DC-SIGN), a presumed dendritic cell marker believed to facilitate HIV-1 transmission, but not other dendritic cell markers. These results show evidence of the unconfirmed presence of Langerhans cells in colorectal mucosa and a predominance of macrophage-like APCs that express CD209 (DC-SIGN). These findings define potential target cells in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 transmission, which may have key implications for the study of early transmission events in normal colorectal mucosa, as well as other infectious diseases and primary immune diseases involving the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria C Preza
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
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Oklu R, Stone JR, Albadawi H, Watkins MT. Extracellular traps in lipid-rich lesions of carotid atherosclerotic plaques: implications for lipoprotein retention and lesion progression. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014; 25:631-4. [PMID: 24581730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.12.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the presence and location of extracellular traps (ETs) in atherosclerotic plaques and to determine whether they are spatially associated with inflammatory cells and the lipid core. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human carotid atherosclerotic plaques were collected from seven patients after surgical endarterectomy. Sequential tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin or subjected to immunohistochemistry to detect ETs, neutrophils and macrophages or apolipoprotein B (ApoB). To demonstrate the specificity of the antibody used to detect ETs, the adjacent tissue section was pretreated with deoxyribonuclease-1 (DNase-1) before immunostaining for ETs. RESULTS All seven carotid plaques demonstrated advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Extensive ET and ApoB immunostaining was detected predominantly within the acellular lipid core. Along the edges of the lipid core, confocal microscopy revealed areas suggestive of active release of ETs from MPO-positive cells. Pretreatment of tissue sections with DNase-1 abolished ET signal in the extracellular matrix, but not the signal within the cells along the margins of the core. CONCLUSIONS The localization of ETs to the lipid core suggests a possible binding site for lipoproteins, which may further promote lesion progression and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmi Oklu
- Department of Imaging, Division of Vascular Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital, 290 Gray/Bigelow, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - James R Stone
- Department of Pathology and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 290 Gray/Bigelow, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hassan Albadawi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 290 Gray/Bigelow, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael T Watkins
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 290 Gray/Bigelow, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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127
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Zhang M, He Y, Sun X, Li Q, Wang W, Zhao A, Di W. A high M1/M2 ratio of tumor-associated macrophages is associated with extended survival in ovarian cancer patients. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:19. [PMID: 24507759 PMCID: PMC3939626 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are classified into two major phenotypes, M1 and M2. M1 TAMs suppress cancer progression, while M2 TAMs promote it. However, little is known regarding the role of TAMs in the development of ovarian cancer. Here, we investigated the relationship between TAM distribution patterns (density, microlocalization, and differentiation) and ovarian cancer histotypes, and we explored whether altered TAM distribution patterns influence long-term outcomes in ovarian cancer patients. METHODS A total of 112 ovarian cancer patients were enrolled in this study, and the subjects were divided into two groups according to their survival (< 5 years vs. ≥ 5 years). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to determine the density, microlocalization, and differentiation status of TAMs in ovarian cancer tissues for each histotype. Kaplan-Meier survival and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of TAM-related parameters in ovarian cancer. RESULTS TAMs most frequently infiltrated into the cancer tissue of the serous histotype, followed by mucinous, undifferentiated, endometrioid, and clear cell histotypes (p = 0.049). The islet/stroma ratio of total TAMs varied among the cancer histotypes, with mucinous and undifferentiated cancers displaying the lowest and highest ratios, respectively (p = 0.005). The intratumoral TAM density significantly increased with increasing cancer stage and grade (p = 0.023 and 0.006, respectively). However, the overall M1/M2 TAM ratio decreased as the cancer stage increased (p = 0.012). In addition, the intra-islet M1/M2 ratio inversely correlated with the residual site size (p = 0.004). Among the TAM-related parameters, only the increased overall and intra-islet M1/M2 TAM ratios displayed prognostic significance in both the Kaplan-Meier survival and multivariate Cox regression analyses; however, the values of these two parameters did not differ significantly among the cancer histotypes. CONCLUSIONS The patients with increased overall or intra-islet M1/M2 TAM ratios presented with an improved 5-year prognosis. Nevertheless, the TAM distribution patterns did not influence the overall outcomes of different ovarian cancer histotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yifeng He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Aimin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wen Di
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
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Orr JS, Kennedy A, Anderson-Baucum EK, Webb CD, Fordahl SC, Erikson KM, Zhang Y, Etzerodt A, Moestrup SK, Hasty AH. Obesity alters adipose tissue macrophage iron content and tissue iron distribution. Diabetes 2014; 63:421-32. [PMID: 24130337 PMCID: PMC3900546 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) expansion is accompanied by the infiltration and accumulation of AT macrophages (ATMs), as well as a shift in ATM polarization. Several studies have implicated recruited M1 ATMs in the metabolic consequences of obesity; however, little is known regarding the role of alternatively activated resident M2 ATMs in AT homeostasis or how their function is altered in obesity. Herein, we report the discovery of a population of alternatively activated ATMs with elevated cellular iron content and an iron-recycling gene expression profile. These iron-rich ATMs are referred to as MFe(hi), and the remaining ATMs are referred to as MFe(lo). In lean mice, ~25% of the ATMs are MFe(hi); this percentage decreases in obesity owing to the recruitment of MFe(lo) macrophages. Similar to MFe(lo) cells, MFe(hi) ATMs undergo an inflammatory shift in obesity. In vivo, obesity reduces the iron content of MFe(hi) ATMs and the gene expression of iron importers as well as the iron exporter, ferroportin, suggesting an impaired ability to handle iron. In vitro, exposure of primary peritoneal macrophages to saturated fatty acids also alters iron metabolism gene expression. Finally, the impaired MFe(hi) iron handling coincides with adipocyte iron overload in obese mice. In conclusion, in obesity, iron distribution is altered both at the cellular and tissue levels, with AT playing a predominant role in this change. An increased availability of fatty acids during obesity may contribute to the observed changes in MFe(hi) ATM phenotype and their reduced capacity to handle iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeb S. Orr
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Arion Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Emily K. Anderson-Baucum
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Corey D. Webb
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Steve C. Fordahl
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC
| | - Keith M. Erikson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC
| | - Yaofang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Corresponding author: Alyssa H. Hasty,
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Zachman AL, Hofmeister LH, Costa L, Boire TC, Hwang YS, Hofmeister WH, Sung HJ. Femtosecond laser-patterned nanopore arrays for surface-mediated peptide treatment. Nanomedicine 2014; 10:11-4. [PMID: 24090768 PMCID: PMC3877160 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The major goal of this study was to create easy-to-use, reusable substrates capable of storing any peptides or bioactive molecules for a desired period of time until cells uptake them without the need for bioactive molecule or peptide-specific techniques. Nanopore arrays of uniform size and distribution were machined into fused silica substrates using femtosecond laser ablation and loaded with peptides by simple adsorption. The nanopore substrates were validated by examining the effect of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) loaded nanopores on macrophage phagocytosis and intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with and without the pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our results demonstrated that nanopores were generated in a uniform array fashion. Ac-SDKP peptides were stably stored in nanopores and internalized by macrophages. Significant reductions in ROS production and phagocytosis in macrophages were observed over control substrates, even in combination with LPS stimulation, indicating that loading Ac-SDKP peptides in pores significantly improved the anti-inflammatory effects. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This team of scientists intended to create easy-to-use, reusable substrates for storing peptides or bioactive molecules for a desired period of time before cellular uptake occurs, and without the need for bioactive molecule or peptide-specific techniques. They demonstrate the successful generation of nanopores in a uniform array that stably stores Ac-SDKP peptides in the nanopores. When peptides were internalized by macrophages, significant reductions in ROS production and phagocytosis were observed, indicating improved anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Zachman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Lucas H Hofmeister
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Lino Costa
- Center for Laser Applications, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN, USA.
| | - Timothy C Boire
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Yu-Shik Hwang
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - William H Hofmeister
- Center for Laser Applications, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN, USA.
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Gherardi RK, Cadusseau J, Authier FJ. [Biopersistence and systemic distribution of intramuscularly injected particles: what impact on long-term tolerability of alum adjuvants?]. Bull Acad Natl Med 2014; 198:37-53. [PMID: 26259285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium oxyhydroxide (alum), a nanocrystalline compound that forms agglomerates, has been widely used as a vaccine adjuvant since 1927, but the mechanisms by which it stimulates immune responses remain poorly understood. Although generally well tolerated, alum may occasionally cause chronic health problems in presumably susceptible individuals. Some individuals may rarely develop delayed-onset diffuse myalgia, chronic exhaustion and cognitive dysfunction, associated with long-term persistence (up to 12 years) of alum-loaded macrophages at site of i.m. immunization, defining so-called macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF). Symptoms are consistent with the chronic fatigue/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) syndrome, and have been used as a paradigm of the "autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants" (ASIA). Cognitive dysfunction is reminiscent of that described in workers exposed to inhaled Al particles. Individual susceptibility may influence both alum biopersistence and difusion away from injection sites. Biopersistent particles such as fluorescent alum-coated nanohybrids, when injected into mouse muscle, are captured by monocyte-lineage cells and then carried to distant organs, draining lymph nodes and blood, probably via the thoracic duct, with delayed and accumulative translocation to the brain (microglial cells). Brain penetration occurs at extremely low levels in normal conditions, possibly explaining the good tolerance of alum despite its high neurotoxic potential. However, systemic diffusion is considerably enhanced by the potentiating effect of MCP-1, the main monocyte chemoattractant factor, the production of which is subject to marked variations linked to age and to genetic and environmental factors. Selective MCP-1 elevation is the only known circulating biomarker of MMF.
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Hagiwara A, Fujimura T, Furudate S, Kambayashi Y, Kagatani S, Aiba S. Induction of CD163(+) M2 macrophages in the lesional skin of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Acta Derm Venereol 2014; 94:104-6. [PMID: 23604082 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hagiwara
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Kaczyńska K, Walski M, Szereda-Przestaszewska M. Long-term ultrastructural indices of lead intoxication in pulmonary tissue of the rat. Microsc Microanal 2013; 19:1410-1415. [PMID: 23985218 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613013305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present research long-term pulmonary toxicity of lead was investigated in rats treated by intraperitoneal administration of lead acetate for three consecutive days (25 mg/kg per day). Five weeks after treatment average lead content in the whole blood was 0.41 μg/dL ± 0.05, in the lung homogenates it measured 3.35 μg/g ± 0.54, as compared to the control values of 0.13 ± 0.07 μg/dL and 1.03 μg/g ± 0.59, respectively. X-ray microanalysis of lung specimens displayed lead localized mainly within type II pneumocytes and macrophages. At the ultrastructural level the effects of lead toxicity were found in lung capillaries, interstitium, epithelial cells, and alveolar lining. Alveolar septa showed intense fibrosis, consisting of collagen, elastin, and fibroblasts. Thinned alveolar septa had emphysematous tissue with some revealing signs of angiogenesis. Type II pneumocytes contained lamellar bodies with features of laminar destruction. Fragments of the surfactant layer were often detached from the alveolar epithelium. These findings indicate that 5 weeks after exposure, lead provokes reconstruction of the alveolar septa including fibrosis and emphysematous changes in the lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kaczyńska
- Laboratory of Respiratory Reflexes, Polish Academy of Sciences Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, 02-106 Warsaw, 5 Pawińskiego Street, Poland
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133
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Tansi FL, Rüger R, Rabenhold M, Steiniger F, Fahr A, Kaiser WA, Hilger I. Liposomal encapsulation of a near-infrared fluorophore enhances fluorescence quenching and reliable whole body optical imaging upon activation in vivo. Small 2013; 9:3659-3669. [PMID: 23650267 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201203211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been significant progress in the development of water soluble near-infrared fluorochromes for use in a wide range of imaging applications. Fluorochromes with high photo and thermal stability, sensitivity, adequate pharmacological properties and absorption/emission maxima within the near infrared window (650-900 nm) are highly desired for in vivo imaging, since biological tissues show very low absorption and auto-fluorescence at this spectrum window. Taking these properties into consideration, a myriad of promising near infrared fluorescent probes has been developed recently. However, a hallmark of most of these probes is a rapid clearance in vivo, which hampers their application. It is hypothesized that encapsulation of the near infrared fluorescent dye DY-676-COOH, which undergoes fluorescence quenching at high concentrations, in the aqueous interior of liposomes will result in protection and fluorescence quenching, which upon degradation by phagocytes in vivo will lead to fluorescence activation and enable imaging of inflammation. Liposomes prepared with high concentrations of DY-676-COOH reveal strong fluorescence quenching. It is demonstrated that the non-targeted PEGylated fluorescence-activatable liposomes are taken up predominantly by phagocytosis and degraded in lysosomes. Furthermore, in zymosan-induced edema models in mice, the liposomes are taken up by monocytes and macrophages which migrate to the sites of inflammation. Opposed to free DY-676-COOH, prolonged stability and retention of liposomal-DY-676-COOH is reflected in a significant increase in fluorescence intensity of edema. Thus, protected delivery and fluorescence quenching make the DY-676-COOH-loaded liposomes a highly promising contrast agent for in vivo optical imaging of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felista L Tansi
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich, Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany.
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134
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Gasparotto J, Somensi N, Caregnato FF, Rabelo TK, DaBoit K, Oliveira MLS, Moreira JCF, Gelain DP. Coal and tire burning mixtures containing ultrafine and nanoparticulate materials induce oxidative stress and inflammatory activation in macrophages. Sci Total Environ 2013; 463-464:743-753. [PMID: 23856402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-fine and nano-particulate materials resulting from mixtures of coal and non-coal fuels combustion for power generation release to the air components with toxic potential. We evaluated toxicological and inflammatory effects at cellular level that could be induced by ultrafine/nanoparticles-containing ashes from burning mixtures of coal and tires from an American power plant. Coal fly ashes (CFA) samples from the combustion of high-S coal and tire-derived fuel, the latter about 2-3% of the total fuel feed, in a 100-MW cyclone utility boiler, were suspended in the cell culture medium of RAW 264.7 macrophages. Cell viability, assessed by MTT reduction, SRB incorporation and contrast-phase microscopy analysis demonstrated that CFA did not induce acute toxicity. However, CFA at 1mg/mL induced an increase of approximately 338% in intracellular TNF-α, while release of this proinflammatory cytokine was increased by 1.6-fold. The expression of the inflammatory mediator CD40 receptor was enhanced by 2-fold, the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) had a 5.7-fold increase and the stress response protein HSP70 was increased nearly 12-fold by CFA at 1mg/mL. Although CFA did not induce cell death, parameters of oxidative stress and reactive species production were found to be altered at several degrees, such as nitrite accumulation (22% increase), DCFH oxidation (3.5-fold increase), catalase (5-fold increase) and superoxide dismutase (35% inhibition) activities, lipoperoxidation (4.2 fold-increase) and sulfhydryl oxidation (40% decrease in free SH groups). The present results suggest that CFA containing ultra-fine and nano-particulate materials from coal and tire combustion may induce sub-chronic cell damage, as they alter inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters at the molecular and cellular levels, but do not induce acute cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juciano Gasparotto
- Center of Oxidative Stress Research, Tuiskon Dick Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Brazil.
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135
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Abstract
We demonstrate that the spontaneously hypertensive rat stroke-prone rat (SHRsp) undergoes premature aging of the CNS compared to the related normotensive Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY) as demonstrated by presence of activated microglia/macrophages, increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and increased astrogliosis. We tested the hypothesis that dietary intake of phase 2 protein inducers would decrease these aging-associated degenerative changes. The source of dietary phase 2 protein inducers was dried broccoli sprouts of a cultivar containing high amounts of glucoraphanin that gives rise to phase 2 protein-inducing isothiocyanate sulforaphane. This diet significantly decreased the aging-related degenerative changes in the SHRsp CNS. We conclude that modest changes in diet may have profound effects on the aging CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Noyan-Ashraf
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5
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136
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Nakayasu ES, Ansong C, Brown JN, Yang F, Lopez-Ferrer D, Qian WJ, Smith RD, Adkins JN. Evaluation of selected binding domains for the analysis of ubiquitinated proteomes. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2013; 24:1214-1223. [PMID: 23649778 PMCID: PMC3715598 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an abundant post-translational modification that consists of covalent attachment of ubiquitin to lysine residues or the N-terminus of proteins. Mono- and polyubiquitination have been shown to be involved in many critical eukaryotic cellular functions and are often disrupted by intracellular bacterial pathogens. Affinity enrichment of ubiquitinated proteins enables global analysis of this key modification. In this context, the use of ubiquitin-binding domains is a promising but relatively unexplored alternative to more broadly used immunoaffinity or tagged affinity enrichment methods. In this study, we evaluated the application of eight ubiquitin-binding domains that have differing affinities for ubiquitination states. Small-scale proteomics analysis identified ~200 ubiquitinated protein candidates per ubiquitin-binding domain pull-down experiment. Results from subsequent Western blot analyses that employed anti-ubiquitin or monoclonal antibodies against polyubiquitination at lysine 48 and 63 suggest that ubiquitin-binding domains from Dsk2 and ubiquilin-1 have the broadest specificity in that they captured most types of ubiquitination, whereas the binding domain from NBR1 was more selective to polyubiquitination. These data demonstrate that with optimized purification conditions, ubiquitin-binding domains can be an alternative tool for proteomic applications. This approach is especially promising for the analysis of tissues or cells resistant to transfection, of which the overexpression of tagged ubiquitin is a major hurdle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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137
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Borochov-Neori H, Judeinstein S, Greenberg A, Volkova N, Rosenblat M, Aviram M. Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit soluble phenolics composition and anti-atherogenic properties in nine Israeli varieties. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:4278-4286. [PMID: 23587027 DOI: 10.1021/jf400782v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit soluble phenolics composition and anti-atherogenic properties were examined in nine diverse Israeli grown varieties. Ethanol and acetone extracts of 'Amari', 'Barhi', 'Deglet Noor', 'Deri', 'Hadrawi', 'Hallawi', 'Hayani', 'Medjool', and 'Zahidi' fruit were analyzed for phenolics composition by RP-HPLC and tested for anti-atherogenicity by measuring their effects on LDL susceptibility to copper ion- and free radical-induced oxidation, and on serum-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages. The most frequently detected phenolics were hydroxybenzoates, hydroxycinnamates, and flavonols. Significant differences in phenolics composition were established between varieties as well as extraction solvents. All extracts inhibited LDL oxidation, and most extracts also stimulated cholesterol removal from macrophages. Considerable varietal differences were measured in the levels of the bioactivities. Also, acetone extracts exhibited a significantly higher anti-atherogenic potency for most varieties. The presence of soluble ingredients with anti-atherogenic capacities in dates and the possible involvement of phenolics are discussed.
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138
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He C, Gu Q, Huang M, Yang X, Xing J, Chen J. A low-cost intracellular delivery system based on microbubble and high gravity field. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013; 2012:2424-7. [PMID: 23366414 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2012.6346453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we developed a low-cost intracellular delivery system based on microbubble and high gravity field. We successfully delivered FITC-Dextran (40kD) into hard-to-deliver THP-1 cells. The results showed that our method achieved high delivery efficiency up to 80%. It was found that the delivery efficiency and cell viability were closely related to the centrifuge speed. We speculated that the burst of microbubbles causes transient pore opening thus increasing the chance of biomolecules entering cells. This fast, low-cost and easy-to-operate protocol is very promising for delivering therapeutic genes and drugs into any cells which do not actively take up extracellular materials. This method is most effective for in-vitro delivery, but after delivery, treated cells might be injected back to human for in-vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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139
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Sato Y, Yokoyama A, Nodasaka Y, Kohgo T, Motomiya K, Matsumoto H, Nakazawa E, Numata T, Zhang M, Yudasaka M, Hara H, Araki R, Tsukamoto O, Saito H, Kamino T, Watari F, Tohji K. Long-term biopersistence of tangled oxidized carbon nanotubes inside and outside macrophages in rat subcutaneous tissue. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2516. [PMID: 23981952 PMCID: PMC3755288 DOI: 10.1038/srep02516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of their mechanical strength, chemical stability, and low molecular weight, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attractive biological implant materials. Biomaterials are typically implanted into subcutaneous tissue or bone; however, the long-term biopersistence of CNTs in these tissues is unknown. Here, tangled oxidized multi-walled CNTs (t-ox-MWCNTs) were implanted into rat subcutaneous tissues and structural changes in the t-ox-MWCNTs located inside and outside of macrophages were studied for 2 years post-implantation. The majority of the large agglomerates were present in the intercellular space, maintained a layered structure, and did not undergo degradation. By contrast, small agglomerates were found inside macrophages, where they were gradually degraded in lysosomes. None of the rats displayed symptoms of cancer or severe inflammatory reactions such as necrosis. These results indicate that t-ox-MWCNTs have high biopersistence and do not evoke adverse events in rat subcutaneous tissue in vivo, demonstrating their potential utility as implantable biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Sato
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Atsuro Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yoshinobu Nodasaka
- Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Takao Kohgo
- Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Kenichi Motomiya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Matsumoto
- Advanced Microscope Systems Design, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporations, Hitachinaka 312-0057, Japan
| | - Eiko Nakazawa
- Advanced Microscope Systems Design, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporations, Hitachinaka 312-0057, Japan
| | - Tomoko Numata
- Analytical Application Center, Horiba, Ltd., Tokyo 101-0031, Japan
| | - Minfang Zhang
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Masako Yudasaka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiroaki Saito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takeo Kamino
- Advanced Microscope Systems Design, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporations, Hitachinaka 312-0057, Japan
| | - Fumio Watari
- Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tohji
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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140
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Zaitsev VB, Fedorovskaya NS, Diakonov DA, Fedorovskiy AM, Dorokh LB, Koledayeva YV, Gamulinskaya IN. [Morpho-functional characteristics of human spleen (an immunohistochemical study)]. Morfologiia 2013; 143:27-31. [PMID: 24020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Using immunohistochemical and morphometric methods, the quantitative composition and structural localization of immunocompetent cells were studied in human spleen (n=20, autopsy material). The detailed morpho-functional characteristics of splenic white and red pulp are presented. Cell subpopulations of T (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) and B lymphocytes (CD20+), natural killer cells (CD57+), tissue macrophages (CD68+) and dendritic cells (CD35+, S100+) were studied. An analysis of the correlations of immunocompetent cells in different regions of white and red pulp may become the basis for optimization of histopathological diagnosis definition in clinical practice
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141
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Yang TD, Choi W, Yoon TH, Lee KJ, Lee JS, Han SH, Lee MG, Yim HS, Choi KM, Park MW, Jung KY, Baek SK. Real-time phase-contrast imaging of photothermal treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: an in vitro study of macrophages as a vector for the delivery of gold nanoshells. J Biomed Opt 2012; 17:128003. [PMID: 23235837 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.12.128003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal treatment (PTT) using nanoparticles has gained attention as a promising alternative therapy for malignant tumors. One strategy for increasing the selectivity of PTT is the use of macrophages as a cellular vector for delivering nanoparticles. The aim of the present study is to examine the use of macrophages as a cellular vector for efficient PTT and determine the appropriate irradiation power and time of a near-infrared (NIR) laser using real-time phase-contrast imaging. Thermally induced injury and death of cancer cells were found to begin at 44°C to 45°C, which was achieved using the PTT effect with gold nanoshells (NS) and irradiation with a NIR laser at a power of 2 W for 5 min. The peritoneal macrophage efficiently functioned as a cellular vector for the NS, and the cancer cells surrounding the NS-loaded macrophages selectively lost their cellular viability after being irradiated with the NIR laser.
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142
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Lee K, Shen CC, Lin CF, Li SY, Huang YL. A phenolic derivative and two diacetylenes from Symphyotrichum subulatum. Planta Med 2012; 78:1780-1783. [PMID: 23007851 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1315372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A pytochemical study on the constituents of the roots of Symphyotrichum subulatum led to the isolation of three new compounds including two diacetylenes, asterynes A (1) and B (2), and (E)-4-(3-acetoxyprop-1-enyl)-2-methoxyphenyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate (3) along with twelve known compounds. Their structures were elucidated with spectroscopic analyses. Compound 3 showed anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-induced NO production with an EC50 value of 15.0 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
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143
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Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface coatings are widely used to render stealth properties to nanoparticles in biological applications. There is abundant literature on the benefits of PEG coatings and their ability to reduce protein adsorption, to diminish nonspecific interactions with cells, and to improve pharmacokinetics, but very little discussion of the limitations of PEG coatings. Here, we show that physiological concentrations of cysteine and cystine can displace methoxy-PEG-thiol molecules from the gold nanoparticle (GNP) surface that leads to protein adsorption and cell uptake in macrophages within 24 h. Furthermore, we address this problem by incorporating an alkyl linker between the PEG and the thiol moieties that provides a hydrophobic shield layer between the gold surface and the hydrophilic outer PEG layer. The mPEG-alkyl-thiol coating greatly reduces protein adsorption on GNPs and their macrophage uptake. This has important implications for the design of GNP for biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Larson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Pratixa P. Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Konstantin Sokolov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
- Department of Imaging Physics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- Address correspondence to:
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144
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Sauvageau J, Foster AJ, Khan AA, Chee SH, Sims IM, Timmer MSM, Stocker BL. Synthesis and Biological Activity of the Lipoteichoic Acid Anchor fromStreptococcussp. DSM 8747. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2416-24. [PMID: 23060132 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Sauvageau
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P. O. Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
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145
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Martin AL, Seo M, Williams R, Belayneh G, Foster FS, Matsuura N. Intracellular growth of nanoscale perfluorocarbon droplets for enhanced ultrasound-induced phase-change conversion. Ultrasound Med Biol 2012; 38:1799-810. [PMID: 22920544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanodroplets (NDs) have been proposed as phase-change contrast agents for ultrasound imaging. Since the ultrasound energy required to convert PFC droplets to microbubbles is inversely related to size, the conversion of PFC NDs at clinically-relevant pressures is challenging. We propose that if PFC NDs can accumulate in a close-packed configuration and grow in size in situ, phase-change conversion can occur at lower ultrasound pressures compared with isolated NDs. In this article, we show that PFC NDs can be designed to grow in size after loading in cells, from 0.26 ± 0.09 μm to 1.7 ± 0.6 μm after 2 h. This growth allowed for a substantial decrease in the ultrasound conversion threshold (to 1.4 MPa and 4.8 MPa at 1 MHz and 18 MHz, respectively), whereas non-coalesced NDs in cells and NDs alone were not converted up to the maximum applied pressure (2.1 MPa and 6.3 MPa at 1 MHz and 18 MHz, respectively). These results indicate that PFC NDs with conversion pressures too high for diagnostically feasible conversion can be used as phase-change agents if they can be induced to grow in size in situ.
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146
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Xie WD, Li X, Zhao JH, Liu YH, Row KH. Abietane diterpenoids from Isodon inflexus. Phytochemistry 2012; 81:153-158. [PMID: 22766206 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Four abietane diterpenoids, inflexanin C, inflexanin D, inflexuside A and inflexuside B, were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon inflexus. Their respective structures were established by NMR, mass spectrometry and CD as (+)-(1S,4R,5S,7S,8S,10S,13S)-1,7,18-trihydroxy-abieta-9(11)-ene-12-one 1-monoacetate, (+)-(1S,4R,5S,10S,13S)-1,18-dihydroxy-abieta-7,9(11)-diene-12-one 1-monoacetate, (-)-(1S,5S,10S,11R,13R)-1,11,13-trihydroxy-abieta-8-ene-7-one 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and (-)-(1S,5S,10S,11R,13R)-1,11,13-trihydroxy-abieta-8-ene-7-one 1-O-(2-O-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside. All compounds showed strong inhibitory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Xie
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China.
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147
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Abstract
Expression of cytokine-regulated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins was histochemically assessed in patients diagnosed as having Hashimoto's disease or focal lymphocytic thyroiditis (n = 10). All surgical specimens showed histological features of lymphocytic thyroiditis, including a diffuse infiltration with mononuclear cells and an incomplete loss of thyroid follicles, resulting in the destruction of glandular tissue architecture. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated differential expression patterns of the various members of the STAT transcription factors examined, indicating that each member of this conserved protein family has its distinct functions in the development of the disease. Using an antibody that specifically recognized the phosphorylated tyrosine residue in position 701, we detected activated STAT1 dimers in numerous germinal macrophages and infiltrating lymphocytes as well as in oncocytes. In contrast, STAT3 expression was restricted to epithelial cells and showed a clear colocalization with the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Moreover, expression of phospho-STAT3 was associated with low levels of stromal fibrosis, suggesting that STAT3 serves as a protective factor in the remodeling of the inflamed thyroid gland. Phospho-STAT5 immunoreactivity was detected in numerous infiltrating cells of hematopoietic origin and, additionally, in hyperplastic follicular epithelia. This tissue distribution demonstrated that activated STAT5 molecules participate in both lymphocytopoiesis and possibly also in the buildup of regenerating thyroid follicles. Taken together, the cell-type-specific expression patterns of STAT proteins in human lymphocytic thyroiditis reflect their distinct and partially antagonistic roles in orchestrating the balance between degenerating and regenerating processes within a changing cytokine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Staab
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter J. Barth
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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148
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Abstract
We investigated the scavenger receptor mediated uptake and subsequent intracellular spatial distribution and clustering of 57.7 ± 6.9 nm diameter silver nanoparticles (zeta-potential = -28.4 mV) in the murine macrophage cell line J774A.1 through colorimetric imaging. The NPs exhibited an overall red-shift of the plasmon resonance wavelength in the cell ensemble as function of time and concentration, indicative of intracellular NP agglomeration. A detailed analysis of the NP clustering in individual cells revealed a strong phenotypic variability in the intracellular NP organization on the single cell level. Throughout the observation time of 24h cells containing non- or low-agglomerated NPs with a characteristic blue color coexisted with cells containing NPs with varying degrees of agglomeration, as evinced by distinct spectral shifts of their resonance wavelengths. Pharmacological inhibition studies indicated that the observed differences in intracellular NP organization resulted from coexisting actin- and clathrin-dependent endocytosis mechanisms in the macrophage population. Correlation of intracellular NP clustering with macrophage maturity marker (F4/80, CD14) expression revealed that differentiated J774A.1 cells preferentially contained compact NP agglomerates, whereas monocyte-like macrophages contained non-agglomerated NPs.
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149
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Abstract
Although single-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is widely used to image molecular processes using a wide range of excitation wavelengths, the captured emission of this technique is confined to the visible spectrum. Here, we explore the feasibility of utilizing near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent molecular probes with emission >700 nm for FLIM of live cells. The confocal microscope is equipped with a 785 nm laser diode, a red-enhanced photomultiplier tube, and a time-correlated single photon counting card. We demonstrate that our system reports the lifetime distributions of NIR fluorescent dyes, cypate and DTTCI, in cells. In cells labelled separately or jointly with these dyes, NIR FLIM successfully distinguishes their lifetimes, providing a method to sort different cell populations. In addition, lifetime distributions of cells co-incubated with these dyes allow estimate of the dyes' relative concentrations in complex cellular microenvironments. With the heightened interest in fluorescence lifetime-based small animal imaging using NIR fluorophores, this technique further serves as a bridge between in vitro spectroscopic characterization of new fluorophore lifetimes and in vivo tissue imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharon Bloch
- Washington University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Joseph Culver
- Washington University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Washington University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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Qin JJ, Zhu JX, Zeng Q, Cheng XR, Zhang SD, Jin HZ, Zhang WD. Sesquiterpene lactones from Inula hupehensis inhibit nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Planta Med 2012; 78:1002-1009. [PMID: 22648378 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Inula hupehensis Ling. led to the isolation and identification of 27 sesquiterpene lactones (1-27), including three new eudesmanolides (3-5), three new germacranolides (9-11), one new xanthanolide (16), two new carabrone derivatives (25-26), and 18 known sesquiterpene lactones. The structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and comparison to previously reported spectroscopic data. All compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages, and compound 5 showed the strongest activity with the IC₅₀ value of 3.2 ± 0.4 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Jiang Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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