101
|
Ding N, Huertas R, Torres‐Jerez I, Liu W, Watson B, Scheible W, Udvardi M. Transcriptional, metabolic, physiological and developmental responses of switchgrass to phosphorus limitation. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:186-202. [PMID: 32822068 PMCID: PMC7821211 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Knowing how switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) responds and adapts to phosphorus (P)-limitation will aid efforts to optimize P acquisition and use in this species for sustainable biomass production. This integrative study investigated the impacts of mild, moderate, and severe P-stress on genome transcription and whole-plant metabolism, physiology and development in switchgrass. P-limitation reduced overall plant growth, increased root/shoot ratio, increased root branching at moderate P-stress, and decreased root diameter with increased density and length of root hairs at severe P-stress. RNA-seq analysis revealed thousands of genes that were differentially expressed under moderate and severe P-stress in roots and/or shoots compared to P-replete plants, with many stress-induced genes involved in transcriptional and other forms of regulation, primary and secondary metabolism, transport, and other processes involved in P-acquisition and homeostasis. Amongst the latter were multiple miRNA399 genes and putative targets of these. Metabolite profiling showed that levels of most sugars and sugar alcohols decreased with increasing P stress, while organic and amino acids increased under mild and moderate P-stress in shoots and roots, although this trend reversed under severe P-stress, especially in shoots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ding
- Noble Research Institute LLCArdmoreOklahomaUSA
| | | | | | - Wei Liu
- Noble Research Institute LLCArdmoreOklahomaUSA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
102
|
Lin Y, Jones ML. Silencing ATG6 and PI3K accelerates petal senescence and reduces flower number and shoot biomass in petunia. Plant Sci 2021; 302:110713. [PMID: 33288020 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Petal senescence is a form of developmental programmed cell death (PCD) that is regulated by internal and environmental signals. Autophagy, a metabolic pathway that regulates intercellular nutrient recycling, is thought to play an important role in the regulation of petal senescence-associated PCD. To characterize the function of two central autophagy genes in petal senescence, we down-regulated Autophagy Gene 6 (PhATG6) and Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PhPI3K) using Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) in Petunia × hybrida. The silencing of PhATG6 and PhPI3K accelerated petal senescence, thereby reducing flower longevity. Both PhATG6- and PhPI3K-silenced petunias had reduced flower numbers, flower biomass, and vegetative shoot biomass. These phenotypes were intensified when plants were grown under low nutrient conditions. Additionally, two important regulators of senescence, an ethylene biosynthesis gene (PhACS) and a type I metacaspase gene (PhMC1), were suppressed in senescing petals of PhATG6- and PhPI3K-silenced plants. In conclusion, our study identified PhATG6 and PhPI3K as negative regulators of flower senescence and demonstrated the influence of nutrient limitation on the function of autophagy during petal senescence. Our study also found that autophagy genes potentially influence the transcriptional regulation of metacaspases and ethylene biosynthetic genes during petal senescence. The results of this project will be fundamental for future studies of petal senescence and will provide genetic information for future crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Michelle L Jones
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Muñoz A, Pillot JP, Cubas P, Rameau C. Methods for Phenotyping Shoot Branching and Testing Strigolactone Bioactivity for Shoot Branching in Arabidopsis and Pea. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2309:115-127. [PMID: 34028683 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1429-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Shoot branching is a highly variable trait that evolves during plant development and is influenced by environmental and endogenous cues such as hormones. In particular, strigolactones (SLs) are hormones that play a key role in the control of shoot branching. Branch primordia, axillary buds formed in the leaf axils, display differential growth depending on their position in the plant and also respond to hormone signaling. In this chapter, we will describe how to quantify the degree of shoot branching in two plant model species, Arabidopsis and pea, commonly used to decipher the control of this complex trait. We will also propose several methods to perform treatments of SL or SL analogs, to investigate their bioactivity and effect on the shoot branching patterns of plants of different genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Muñoz
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Paul Pillot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Pilar Cubas
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Catherine Rameau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Faramayuda F, Sri Mariani T, Elfahmi, Sukrasno. Micropropagation and Secondary Metabolites Content of White-Purple Varieties of Orthosiphon aristatus Blume Miq. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:858-867. [PMID: 34486353 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.858.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The cat whiskers plant (<i>Orthosiphon aristatus</i> Blume Miq) is a plant that has been widely used as raw material for traditional medicine. The population of white-purple varieties of <i>O. aristatus</i> is decreasing efforts to maintain the white-purple <i>O. aristatus</i> need to be done keeping in mind its potential as raw material for traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the composition of a suitable medium in growing plantlet <i>O. aristatus</i> white-purple varieties and the content of its secondary metabolites. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The internode explants were induced on MS medium added by various combinations of zeatin and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Root induction was carried out on shoots formed on MS medium with Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA). The acclimatization process was carried out using soil media. Determination of secondary metabolite levels was carried out on <i>O. aristatus</i> (<i>in vitro</i> culture) and wild-type plants aged ten months using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). <b>Results:</b> MS+BAP 2ppm+NAA3 ppm media was the optimal medium for growing shoots in leaf explants. Media MS+zeatin 3 ppm+2,4-D 2 ppm produced good shoot growth on internode explants. The best root induction occurred in MS+IBA media of 0.75 ppm. The acclimatization process was successful on shoots originating from the internode, while those from leaf explants had not succeeded in growing and developing. <b>Conclusion:</b> The levels of rosmarinic acid and sinensetin in the white-purple variety <i>O. aristatus</i> (<i>in vitro</i> culture) were 1.08 and 1.62% w/w and higher than those of wild varieties.
Collapse
|
105
|
Zhang N, van Westreenen A, He L, Evers JB, Anten NPR, Marcelis LFM. Light from below matters: Quantifying the consequences of responses to far-red light reflected upwards for plant performance in heterogeneous canopies. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:102-113. [PMID: 32490539 PMCID: PMC7818183 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In vegetation stands, plants receive red to far-red ratio (R:FR) signals of varying strength from all directions. However, plant responses to variations in R:FR reflected from below have been largely ignored despite their potential consequences for plant performance. Using a heterogeneous rose canopy, which consists of bent shoots down in the canopy and vertically growing upright shoots, we quantified upward far-red reflection by bent shoots and its consequences for upright shoot architecture. With a three-dimensional plant model, we assessed consequences of responses to R:FR from below for plant photosynthesis. Bent shoots reflected substantially more far-red than red light, causing reduced R:FR in light reflected upwards. Leaf inclination angles increased in upright shoots which received low R:FR reflected from below. The increased leaf angle led to an increase in simulated plant photosynthesis only when this low R:FR was reflected off their own bent shoots and not when it reflected off neighbour bent shoots. We conclude that plant response to R:FR from below is an under-explored phenomenon which may have contrasting consequences for plant performance depending on the type of vegetation or crop system. The responses are beneficial for performance only when R:FR is reflected by lower foliage of the same plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningyi Zhang
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Arian van Westreenen
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Lizhong He
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jochem B. Evers
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Niels P. R. Anten
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Leo F. M. Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Chen H, Miao Y, Wang K, Bayer M. Zygotic Embryogenesis in Flowering Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2288:73-88. [PMID: 34270005 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1335-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
In the context of plant regeneration, in vitro systems to produce embryos are frequently used. In many of these protocols, nonzygotic embryos are initiated that will produce shoot-like structures but may lack a primary root. By increasing the auxin-to-cytokinin ratio in the growth medium, roots are then regenerated in a second step. Therefore, in vitro systems might not or only partially execute a similar developmental program as employed during zygotic embryogenesis. There are, however, in vitro systems that can remarkably mimic zygotic embryogenesis such as Brassica microspore-derived embryos. In this case, the patterning process of these haploid embryos closely follows zygotic embryogenesis and all fundamental tissue types are generated in a rather similar manner. In this review, we discuss the most fundamental molecular events during early zygotic embryogenesis and hope that this brief summary can serve as a reference for studying and developing in vitro embryogenesis systems in the context of doubled haploid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houming Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yingjing Miao
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Bayer
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Tungsuchat-Huang T, Maliga P. Plastid Marker Gene Excision in the Tobacco Shoot Apex by Agrobacterium-Delivered Cre Recombinase. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2317:177-193. [PMID: 34028769 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1472-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe a protocol for the excision of plastid marker genes directly in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants by the Cre recombinase. The example of the marker gene is the barau gene flanked by loxP sites in the plastid genome. For marker excision Agrobacterium encoding the recombinase on its T-DNA is injected at an axillary bud site of a decapitated plant, forcing shoot regeneration at the injection site. The excised plastid marker, the barau gene, confers a visual aurea leaf phenotype, thus marker excision via the flanking recombinase target sites is recognized by the restoration of normal green color of the leaves. The success of in planta plastid marker excision proves that manipulation of the plastid genomes is feasible within an intact plant. Extension of the protocol to in planta plastid transformation depends on the development of new protocols for the delivery of transforming DNA and the availability of visual marker genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pal Maliga
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Jamshidi S, Yadollahi A, Arab MM, Soltani M, Eftekhari M, Shiri J. High throughput mathematical modeling and multi-objective evolutionary algorithms for plant tissue culture media formulation: Case study of pear rootstocks. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243940. [PMID: 33338074 PMCID: PMC7748151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simplified prediction of the interactions of plant tissue culture media components is of critical importance to efficient development and optimization of new media. We applied two algorithms, gene expression programming (GEP) and M5' model tree, to predict the effects of media components on in vitro proliferation rate (PR), shoot length (SL), shoot tip necrosis (STN), vitrification (Vitri) and quality index (QI) in pear rootstocks (Pyrodwarf and OHF 69). In order to optimize the selected prediction models, as well as achieving a precise multi-optimization method, multi-objective evolutionary optimization algorithms using genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques were compared to the mono-objective GA optimization technique. A Gamma test (GT) was used to find the most important determinant input for optimizing each output factor. GEP had a higher prediction accuracy than M5' model tree. GT results showed that BA (Γ = 4.0178), Mesos (Γ = 0.5482), Mesos (Γ = 184.0100), Micros (Γ = 136.6100) and Mesos (Γ = 1.1146), for PR, SL, STN, Vitri and QI respectively, were the most important factors in culturing OHF 69, while for Pyrodwarf culture, BA (Γ = 10.2920), Micros (Γ = 0.7874), NH4NO3 (Γ = 166.410), KNO3 (Γ = 168.4400), and Mesos (Γ = 1.4860) were the most important influences on PR, SL, STN, Vitri and QI respectively. The PSO optimized GEP models produced the best outputs for both rootstocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Jamshidi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadollahi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Arab
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran (UT), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soltani
- Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Eftekhari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Shiri
- Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Shen Z, Zhang YH, Zhang L, Li Y, Sun YD, Li ZY. Changes in the distribution of endogenous hormones in Phyllostachys edulis 'Pachyloen' during bamboo shooting. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241806. [PMID: 33306692 PMCID: PMC7732116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the changes in the distribution and regulation of endogenous hormones in Phyllostachys edulis 'Pachyloen' during bamboo shooting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the mass fractions of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and abscisic acid (ABA) in rhizomes, shoots, and maternal bamboo organs during shoot sprouting, shoot growth, and new-bamboo formation. Measurements were compared among bamboo parts and developmental periods. The overall mass fractions of IAA and ABA were significantly higher than those of ZR and GA, driven by differences among bamboo parts and developmental periods. The abundance of each endogenous hormone varied among bamboo parts and developmental periods. During bamboo shooting, ABA had the highest mass fraction in all bamboo parts sampled, followed by IAA, GA, and ZR. Among bamboo parts, rhizomes had more IAA, ZR, and GA than the other parts, but significantly less ABA. Winter shoots had higher ZR: IAA and GA: IAA ratios than rhizomes and maternal bamboo organs. During shoot growth, ABA was the most abundant hormone in rhizomes and maternal bamboo organs, followed by IAA, ZR, and GA. In contrast, IAA was the most abundant hormone in spring shoots, followed by ABA, ZR, and GA. Maternal bamboo organs had a significantly higher ZR: GA ratio, and significantly lower IAA: ABA, ZR: ABA, and GA: ABA ratios than rhizomes. Spring shoots had significantly higher IAA: ABA, ZR: ABA, and GA: ABA ratios than rhizomes and maternal bamboo organs; significantly higher ZR mass fractions, and ZR: GA and ZR: IAA ratios and significantly lower ABA mass fractions than rhizomes; and significantly higher GA: IAA ratio than maternal bamboo organs. During new-bamboo formation, ABA was the most abundant hormone in rhizomes, winter shoots, and maternal bamboo organs, followed by IAA, ZR, and GA. Maternal bamboo organs had significantly lower IAA mass fractions and significantly higher ABA mass fractions than rhizomes and new bamboo tissue. IAA and ABA abundances exhibited an inverse relationship in rhizomes and maternal bamboo organs. GA: ABA and GA: IAA ratios decreased gradually and other hormone ratios exhibited parabolic trends over the bamboo-shooting period, with the highest ratios observed in new bamboo tissues. Overall, the coordination or antagonism among endogenous hormones plays a key regulatory role in bamboo shoot growth. The formation of thick walls in P. edulis 'Pachyloen', one of its major traits, may be partially attributed to the relatively high IAA and ZR and low GA mass fractions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Shen
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan-hua Zhang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ya-dong Sun
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zu-yao Li
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Isayenkov S, Hilo A, Rizzo P, Tandron Moya YA, Rolletschek H, Borisjuk L, Radchuk V. Adaptation Strategies of Halophytic Barley Hordeum marinum ssp. marinum to High Salinity and Osmotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239019. [PMID: 33260985 PMCID: PMC7730945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptation strategies of halophytic seaside barley Hordeum marinum to high salinity and osmotic stress were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, as well as ionomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic approaches. When compared with cultivated barley, seaside barley exhibited a better plant growth rate, higher relative plant water content, lower osmotic pressure, and sustained photosynthetic activity under high salinity, but not under osmotic stress. As seaside barley is capable of controlling Na+ and Cl− concentrations in leaves at high salinity, the roots appear to play the central role in salinity adaptation, ensured by the development of thinner and likely lignified roots, as well as fine-tuning of membrane transport for effective management of restriction of ion entry and sequestration, accumulation of osmolytes, and minimization of energy costs. By contrast, more resources and energy are required to overcome the consequences of osmotic stress, particularly the severity of reactive oxygen species production and nutritional disbalance which affect plant growth. Our results have identified specific mechanisms for adaptation to salinity in seaside barley which differ from those activated in response to osmotic stress. Increased knowledge around salt tolerance in halophytic wild relatives will provide a basis for improved breeding of salt-tolerant crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Isayenkov
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (A.H.); (P.R.); (Y.A.T.M.); (H.R.); (L.B.)
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics NAS of Ukraine, Osipovskogo Street, 2a, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (V.R.)
| | - Alexander Hilo
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (A.H.); (P.R.); (Y.A.T.M.); (H.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Paride Rizzo
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (A.H.); (P.R.); (Y.A.T.M.); (H.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Yudelsy Antonia Tandron Moya
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (A.H.); (P.R.); (Y.A.T.M.); (H.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (A.H.); (P.R.); (Y.A.T.M.); (H.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (A.H.); (P.R.); (Y.A.T.M.); (H.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Volodymyr Radchuk
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (A.H.); (P.R.); (Y.A.T.M.); (H.R.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (V.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Dos-Santos CM, Nascimento WBA, do Nascimento BP, Schwab S, Baldani JI, Vidal MS. Temporal assessment of root and shoot colonization of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) host seedlings by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strain LP343. Microbiol Res 2020; 244:126651. [PMID: 33383369 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a species of great agronomic potential due to its growth-promotion traits. Its colonization process in different plants has been reported. However, there have been no studies regarding its structural colonization in elephant grass. This is a fast-growing C4-Poaceae plant, and its application in Brazil is mainly aimed at feeding dairy cattle, due to its high nutritional value. Also, in the last decade, this grass has been applied in the production of biofuels. The present study aimed to monitor the colonization process of strain LP343 of G. diazotrophicus inoculated in elephant grass seedlings of PCEA genotype, by using a mCherry-tagged bacterium. Samples of roots and shoots collected at different periods were visualized by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. The colony-counting assay was used to compare the number of cells recovered in different niches and a qPCR was performed for the quantification of endophytic cells in root and shoot tissues. Results suggested that the strain LP343 quickly recognized the PCEA roots as host, attached to the elephant grass roots at 6 h, and 7 days after inoculation were able to colonize the xylem vessels of roots and shoots of elephant grass. This study advances our knowledge about the colonization process of G. diazotrophicus species in elephant grass, contributing to future studies involving the plant-bacteria interaction cultivated under gnotobiotic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Dos-Santos
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, CEP 23891-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wiglison B A Nascimento
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, CEP 23891-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Agronomia, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, CEP 23897-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna P do Nascimento
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, CEP 23891-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Tecnologia, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, CEP 23897-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, CEP 23891-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - José I Baldani
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, CEP 23891-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcia S Vidal
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, CEP 23891-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Dziurka M, Blažević I, Đulović A, Granica S, Korona-Glowniak I, Ekiert H, Szopa A. Phytochemical and Biological Activity Studies on Nasturtium officinale (Watercress) Microshoot Cultures Grown in RITA ® Temporary Immersion Systems. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225257. [PMID: 33187324 PMCID: PMC7696031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The main compounds in both extracts were gluconasturtiin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and rutoside, the amounts of which were, respectively, determined as 182.93, 58.86 and 23.24 mg/100 g dry weight (DW) in biomass extracts and 640.94, 23.47 and 7.20 mg/100 g DW in plant herb extracts. The antioxidant potential of all the studied extracts evaluated using CUPRAC (CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Activity), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma), and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays was comparable. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was tested based on the inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and phospholipase A2. The results demonstrate significantly higher inhibition of COX-2 for in vitro cultured biomass compared with the herb extracts (75.4 and 41.1%, respectively). Moreover, all the studied extracts showed almost similar antibacterial and antifungal potential. Based on these findings, and due to the fact that the growth of in vitro microshoots is independent of environmental conditions and unaffected by environmental pollution, we propose that biomass that can be rapidly grown in RITA® bioreactors can serve as an alternative source of bioactive compounds with valuable biological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.-S.); (H.E.)
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.B.); (A.Đ.)
| | - Azra Đulović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.B.); (A.Đ.)
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis and Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Izabela Korona-Glowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.-S.); (H.E.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.-S.); (H.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-620-5436
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Lee MH, Lee J, Choi SH, Jie EY, Jeong JC, Kim CY, Kim SW. The Effect of Sodium Butyrate on Adventitious Shoot Formation Varies among the Plant Species and the Explant Types. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8451. [PMID: 33182800 PMCID: PMC7696800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation plays an important role in plant growth and development. Here, we investigated the effect of sodium butyrate (NaB), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on adventitious shoot formation from protoplast-derived calli and cotyledon explants of tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The frequency of adventitious shoot formation from protoplast-derived calli was higher in shoot induction medium (SIM) containing NaB than in the control. However, the frequency of adventitious shoot formation from cotyledon explants of tobacco under the 0.1 mM NaB treatment was similar to that in the control, but it decreased with increasing NaB concentration. Unlike in tobacco, NaB decreased adventitious shoot formation in tomato explants in a concentration-dependent manner, but it did not have any effect on adventitious shoot formation in calli. NaB inhibited or delayed the expression of D-type cyclin (CYCD3-1) and shoot-regeneration regulatory gene WUSCHEL (WUS) in cotyledon explants of tobacco and tomato. However, compared to that in control SIM, the expression of WUS was promoted more rapidly in tobacco calli cultured in NaB-containing SIM, but the expression of CYCD3-1 was inhibited. In conclusion, the effect of NaB on adventitious shoot formation and expression of CYCD3-1 and WUS genes depended on the plant species and whether the effects were tested on explants or protoplast-derived calli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Suk Weon Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (M.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.H.C.); (E.Y.J.); (J.C.J.); (C.Y.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Müller J, Puttich PM, Beuerle T. Variation of the Main Alkaloid Content in Equisetum palustre L. in the Light of Its Ontogeny. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12110710. [PMID: 33182457 PMCID: PMC7696233 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Marsh horsetail (Equisetum palustre L.) is one of the most poisonous plants of wet grasslands in the northern hemisphere, which poses a major health threat to livestock. Available data on the levels of its main alkaloids are currently contradictory due to the inadequate analytical methods and the wide variation in toxicity levels reported. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the ontogenetic stage of plant development may explain a significant part of the variations in the main Equisetum-type alkaloids. Two populations of marsh horsetail were sampled over two growing seasons. The plant material was classified according to their developmental stages and subsequently the main alkaloids were determined by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis. ANOVA revealed significant effects of the ontogenetic stage but not the site on the main Equisetum-type alkaloids (sum of palustrine and palustridiene) ranging from 213 to 994 mg/kg dry matter (DM). The highest alkaloid content was found in the stages of early development. Not the season itself, but the growth temperature co-influenced the alkaloid content. Our results help to resolve the seemingly contradictory information provided by previous studies on the toxicity of E. palustre and are of practical relevance for the prevention of contamination risks in wet grassland use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Müller
- Group Grassland and Forage Science, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18159 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Philipp Mario Puttich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (P.M.P.); (T.B.)
| | - Till Beuerle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (P.M.P.); (T.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Liu X, Wang S, Deng X, Zhang Z, Yin L. Comprehensive evaluation of physiological traits under nitrogen stress and participation of linolenic acid in nitrogen-deficiency response in wheat seedlings. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:501. [PMID: 33143654 PMCID: PMC7607636 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) deficiency is a major constraint for plant production in many areas. Developing the new crop genotypes with high productivity under N deficiency is an important approach to maintain agricultural production. Therefore, understanding how plant response to N deficiency and the mechanism of N-deficiency tolerance are very important for sustainable development of modern crop production. RESULTS In this study, the physiological responses and fatty acid composition were investigated in 24 wheat cultivars under N-deficient stress. Through Pearson's correlation analysis and principal component analysis, the responses of 24 wheat cultivars were evaluated. The results showed that the plant growth and carbohydrate metabolism were all differently affected by N deficiency in all tested wheat cultivars. The seedlings that had high shoot biomass also maintained high level of chlorophyll content under N deficiency. Moreover, the changes in fatty acid composition, especially the linolenic acid (18:3) and the double bond index (DBI), showed close positive correlations with the shoot dry weight and chlorophyll content alterations in response to N-deficient condition. These results indicated that beside the chlorophyll content, the linolenic acid content and DBI may also contribute to N-deficiency adaptation, thus could be considered as efficient indicators for evaluation of different response in wheat seedlings under N-deficient condition. CONCLUSIONS The alteration in fatty acid composition can potentially contribute to N-deficiency tolerance in plants, and the regulation of fatty acid compositions maybe an effective strategy for plants to adapt to N-deficient stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of cotton and wheat, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan China
| | - Lina Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Hu Y, Li S, Fan X, Song S, Zhou X, Weng X, Xiao J, Li X, Xiong L, You A, Xing Y. OsHOX1 and OsHOX28 Redundantly Shape Rice Tiller Angle by Reducing HSFA2D Expression and Auxin Content. Plant Physiol 2020; 184:1424-1437. [PMID: 32913047 PMCID: PMC7608169 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tiller angle largely determines plant architecture, which in turn substantially influences crop production by affecting planting density. A recent study revealed that HEAT STRESS TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR2D (HSFA2D) acts upstream of LAZY1 (LA1) to regulate tiller angle establishment in rice (Oryza sativa). However, the mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation of HSFA2D remain unknown. In this study, two class II homeodomain-Leu zipper genes, OsHOX1 and OsHOX28, were identified as positive regulators of tiller angle by affecting shoot gravitropism. OsHOX1 and OsHOX28 showed strong transcriptional suppressive activity in rice protoplasts and formed intricate self- and mutual-transcriptional negative feedback loops. Moreover, OsHOX1 and OsHOX28 bound to the pseudopalindromic sequence CAAT(C/G)ATTG within the promoter of HSFA2D, thus suppressing its expression. In contrast to HSFA2D and LA1, OsHOX1 and OsHOX28 attenuated lateral auxin transport, thus repressing the expression of WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 6 (WOX6) and WOX11 in the lower side of the shoot base of plants subjected to gravistimulation. Genetic analysis further confirmed that OsHOX1 and OsHOX28 act upstream of HSFA2D Additionally, both OsHOX1 and OsHOX28 inhibit the expression of multiple OsYUCCA genes and decrease auxin biosynthesis. Taken together, these results demonstrated that OsHOX1 and OsHOX28 regulate the local distribution of auxin, and thus tiller angle establishment, through suppression of the HSFA2D-LA1 pathway and reduction of endogenous auxin content. Our finding increases the knowledge concerning fine tuning of tiller angles to optimize plant architecture in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Shuangle Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaowei Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Song Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Weng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aiqing You
- Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yongzhong Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Muszyńska E, Labudda M. Effects of lead, cadmium and zinc on protein changes in Silene vulgaris shoots cultured in vitro. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 204:111086. [PMID: 32781345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present research, Silene vulgaris as a representative species growing on both unpolluted and heavy metal (HM) polluted terrains were used to identify ecotype-specific responses to metallic stress. Growth, cell ultrastructure and element accumulations were compared between non-metallicolous (NM), calamine (CAL) and serpentine (SER) specimens untreated with HMs and treated with Pb, Cd and Zn ions under in vitro conditions. Moreover, proteins' modifications related to their level, carbonylation and degradations via vacuolar proteases were verified and linked with potential mechanisms to cope with ions toxicity. Our experiment revealed diversified strategy of HM uptake in NM and both metallicolous ecotypes, in which antagonistic relationship of Zn and Pb/Cd ions provided survival benefits for the whole organism. Despite this similarity, growth rate and metabolic pathways induced in CAL and SER shoots varied significantly. Exposition to HMs in CAL culture led to drop in protein level by approximately 16% compared to the control. This parameter nearly correlated with the enhanced activity of proteases at pH 5.2 as well as possible glutamate changes to proline and reduced glutathione, resulting in intensified growth and first signs of cell senescence. In turn, SER shoots were characterized by growth retardation (to 53% of the control), although protein level and carbonylation were not modified, while a deeper insight into protein network showed its remodeling towards production of polyamines and 2-oxoglutarate delivered to the Krebs cycle. Contrary, an uncontrolled HM influx in NM shoots contributed to morpho-structural disorders accompanied by an increase activity of proteases involved in the degradation of oxidized proteins, what pointed to metal-induced autophagy. Taken together, S. vulgaris ecotypes respond to stress by triggering various mechanisms engaged their survival and/or death under HM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Ukolova IV, Kondakova MA, Kondratov IG, Sidorov AV, Borovskii GB, Voinikov VK. New insights into the organisation of the oxidative phosphorylation system in the example of pea shoot mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 2020; 1861:148264. [PMID: 32663476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The physical and functional organisation of the OXPHOS system in mitochondria in vivo remains elusive. At present, different models of OXPHOS arrangement, representing either highly ordered respiratory strings or, vice versa, a set of randomly dispersed supercomplexes and respiratory complexes, have been suggested. In the present study, we examined a supramolecular arrangement of the OXPHOS system in pea shoot mitochondria using digitonin solubilisation of its constituents, which were further analysed by classical BN-related techniques and a multidimensional gel electrophoresis system when required. As a result, in addition to supercomplexes I1III2, I1III2IVn and III2IV1-2, dimer V2, and individual complexes I-V previously detected in plant mitochondria, new OXPHOS structures were also revealed. Of them, (1) a megacomplex (IIxIIIyIVz)n including complex II, (2) respirasomes I2III4IVn with two copies of complex I and dimeric complex III2, (3) a minor new supercomplex IV1Va2 comigrating with I1III2, and (4) a second minor form of ATP synthase, Va, were found. The activity of singular complexes I, IV, and V was higher than the activity of the associated forms. The detection of new supercomplex IV1Va2, along with assemblies I1III2 and I1-2III2-4IVn, prompted us to suggest the occurrence of in vivo oxphosomes comprising complexes I, III2, IV, and V. The putative oxphosome's stoichiometry, historical background, assumed functional significance, and subcompartmental location are discussed herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Ukolova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia.
| | - Marina A Kondakova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Ilya G Kondratov
- Limnological Institute SB RAS, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Alexander V Sidorov
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia; Irkutsk State Medical University, 1, Krasnogo Vosstaniya St., Irkutsk 664003, Russia
| | - Gennadii B Borovskii
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Victor K Voinikov
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Burr CA, Sun J, Yamburenko MV, Willoughby A, Hodgens C, Boeshore SL, Elmore A, Atkinson J, Nimchuk ZL, Bishopp A, Schaller GE, Kieber JJ. The HK5 and HK6 cytokinin receptors mediate diverse developmental pathways in rice. Development 2020; 147:dev191734. [PMID: 33028608 PMCID: PMC7648598 DOI: 10.1242/dev.191734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin regulates diverse aspects of plant growth and development. Our understanding of the metabolism and perception of cytokinin has made great strides in recent years, mostly from studies of the model dicot Arabidopsis Here, we employed a CRISPR/Cas9-based approach to disrupt a subset of cytokinin histidine kinase (HK) receptors in rice (Oryza sativa) in order to explore the role of cytokinin in a monocot species. In hk5 and hk6 single mutants, the root growth, leaf width, inflorescence architecture and/or floral development were affected. The double hk5 hk6 mutant showed more substantial defects, including severely reduced root and shoot growth, a smaller shoot apical meristem, and an enlarged root cap. Flowering was delayed in the hk5 hk6 mutant and the panicle was significantly reduced in size and infertile due to multiple defects in floral development. The hk5 hk6 mutant also exhibited a severely reduced cytokinin response, consistent with the developmental phenotypes arising from a defect in cytokinin signaling. These results indicate that HK5 and HK6 act as cytokinin receptors, with overlapping functions to regulate diverse aspects of rice growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Burr
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jinjing Sun
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Andrew Willoughby
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Charles Hodgens
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Agustus Elmore
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan Atkinson
- School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Zachary L Nimchuk
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anthony Bishopp
- School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - G Eric Schaller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Joseph J Kieber
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Wang B, Zhang Y, Dong N, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Hao Y, Qi J. Comparative transcriptome analyses provide novel insights into etiolated shoot development of walnut (Juglans regia L.). Planta 2020; 252:74. [PMID: 33025156 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In general, genes promoting IAA, CTK GA and ethylene biosynthesis were upregulated, while genes participating in ABA, chlorophyll and starch biosynthesis pathways performed opposite tendency during etiolation. Etiolation as a method for rejuvenation plays an important role in the vegetative propagation of woody plants. However, the molecular mechanism of etiolated shoot development remains unclear. In this study, we investigated changes at different etiolation stages of Juglans regia. The histology and transcriptome of J. regia were analysed using etiolated stems, which were treated in darkness for 30, 60, 90 days. The results showed that the ratios of pith (Pi) diameter/stem diameter (D), cortex (Co) width/D, and phloem (Ph) width/D increased, while the ratio of xylem (Xy) width/D decreased after etiolation, and the difference in these ratios between etiolated stems and the control was more significant at 60 days than 90 days. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in pathways such as plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation, and starch and sucrose metabolism. The difference in the contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), sugar and chlorophyll between etiolated stems and the control increased with increasing treatment duration; in contrast, the concentrations of gibberellin (GA), zeatin (ZT), and starch, as well as the difference between the etiolated stems and control were lowest at 60 days among the three stages. On the whole, the positive effect of etiolation on the rejuvenation of walnut stems changed as the treatment period increased. The present investigation lays a foundation for future studies on the effect of etiolation on rejuvenation and for promoting the efficiency of vegetative propagation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ningguang Dong
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yonghao Chen
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yunqi Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yanbin Hao
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Jianxun Qi
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Bian Y, Wang J, Liu F, Mao B, Huang H, Xu J, Li X, Guo Y. Residue behavior and removal of iprodione in garlic, green garlic, and garlic shoot. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:4705-4713. [PMID: 32458444 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iprodione is considered to be an endocrine-disturbing pesticide, which could harm consumers. The garlic crop has three edible parts: the garlic, the green garlic, and the garlic shoot, which correspond to different stages of its growth. In this study, iprodione residue dissipation and distribution in these three edible parts were investigated, and dietary risk was evaluated. RESULTS Iprodione residues were present in these samples in the following order: green garlic > garlic shoot > > garlic. The dissipation of iprodione in green garlic was slow with a half-life of 5.82-19.25 days. A very high RQchronic value of 207.35-407.30% suggested that the residual iprodione in green garlic had an unacceptable level of risk. Iprodione residue was significantly eliminated (59-90%) by an alkaline solution. The order for removing iprodione by soaking was the alkaline solutions (0.5% and 2% NaHCO3 ) > the acidic solutions (5% and 10% of vinegar) ≈ the neutral solutions (the 1% and 2% of table salt) > tap water. Processing factors (PFs) were <1, indicating that processing could decrease the iprodione residue level. CONCLUSION This work could contribute to establishing maximum residue limits (MRLs) for iprodione in garlic, green garlic, and garlic shoots, and could provide guidance on the safe and appropriate use of iprodione in the garlic crop. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Bian
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmao Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Biming Mao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Huang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Guo
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Martínez-Fernández I, Menezes de Moura S, Alves-Ferreira M, Ferrándiz C, Balanzà V. Identification of Players Controlling Meristem Arrest Downstream of the FRUITFULL-APETALA2 Pathway. Plant Physiol 2020; 184:945-959. [PMID: 32778534 PMCID: PMC7536680 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The end of the reproductive phase in monocarpic plants is determined by a coordinated arrest of all active meristems, a process known as global proliferative arrest (GPA). GPA is linked to the correlative control exerted by developing seeds and, possibly, the establishment of strong source-sink relationships. It has been proposed that the meristems that undergo arrest at the end of the reproductive phase behave at the transcriptomic level as dormant meristems, with low mitotic activity and high expression of abscisic acid response genes. Meristem arrest is also controlled genetically. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the MADS-box transcription factor FRUITFULL induces GPA by directly repressing genes of the APETALA2 (AP2) clade. The AP2 genes maintain shoot apical meristem (SAM) activity in part by keeping WUSCHEL expression active, but the mechanisms downstream of this pathway remain elusive. To identify target genes, we performed a transcriptomic analysis, inducing AP2 activity in meristems close to arrest. Our results suggest that AP2 controls meristem arrest by repressing genes related to axillary bud dormancy in the SAM and negative regulators of cytokinin signaling. In addition, our analysis indicates that genes involved in the response to environmental signals also respond to AP2, suggesting that it could modulate the end of flowering by controlling responses to both endogenous and exogenous signals. Our results support the previous observation that at the end of the reproductive phase the arrested SAM behaves as a dormant meristem, and they strongly support AP2 as a master regulator of this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez-Fernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Stéfanie Menezes de Moura
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio do Centro do Ciências da Saúde-Instituto de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 219410-970, Brazil
| | - Marcio Alves-Ferreira
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio do Centro do Ciências da Saúde-Instituto de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 219410-970, Brazil
| | - Cristina Ferrándiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Balanzà
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Huan L, Jin-Qiang W, Qing L. Photosynthesis product allocation and yield in sweet potato with spraying exogenous hormones under drought stress. J Plant Physiol 2020; 253:153265. [PMID: 32947245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the alleviation effects of spraying phytohormones on the physiological characteristics and yield of sweet potato under drought stress during the early vine development and storage root bulking stage, respectively. The endogenous hormone contents, photosynthetic fluorescence indexes, photosynthetic products transfer allocation (based on 13C labeling method), and yield of sweet potato were studied by spraying water, 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), abscisic acid (ABA), and combined with the two exogenous hormones under artificial dry shed and dry pond. Results indicated that the yield was increased by spraying 6-BA or ABA separately in comparison with the control treatment under drought stress, and the alleviation effects of spraying 6-BA at the early stage were better than at the storage root bulking stage, while spraying ABA at the storage root bulking stage was better than at the early stage. The sweet potato yield increased when sprayed with 6-BA, especially at the early vine development stage, and sweet potato yield was further enhanced by the addition of ABA. When sprayed together, exogenous 6-BA and ABA increased plant shoot and storage root biomass, as well as leaf area and yield, at both stages. The combination of exogenous 6-BA and ABA also increased shoot 13C accumulation at the early vine development stage and storage root 13C accumulation at the storage root bulking stage, in comparison with 6-BA or ABA alone under drought stress. Spraying exogenous hormones under drought stress increased the endogenous hormone contents, enhanced carbon metabolism enzyme activities, improved the photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of leaves, and regulated the source-sink balance, all of which alleviated the yield reduction caused by drought stress. Application of the combination of 6-AB and ABA yielded better results than that of the 6-BA or ABA alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Huan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wang Jin-Qiang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Liu Qing
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Wu LY, Lv YQ, Ye Y, Liang YR, Ye JH. Transcriptomic and Translatomic Analyses Reveal Insights into the Developmental Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in the Young Shoots of Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis L.). J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:10750-10762. [PMID: 32818378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of secondary metabolites in the young shoots of tea plants is developmentally modulated, especially flavonoids. Here, we investigate the developmental regulation mechanism of secondary metabolism in the developing leaves of tea plants using an integrated multiomic approach. For the pair of Leaf2/Bud, the correlation coefficient of the fold change of mRNA and RPFs abundances involved in flavonoid biosynthesis was 0.9359, being higher than that of RPFs and protein (R2 = 0.6941). These correlations were higher than the corresponding correlation coefficients for secondary metabolisms and genome-wide scale. Metabolomic analysis demonstrates that the developmental modulations of the structural genes for flavonoid biosynthesis-related pathways align with the concentration changes of catechin and flavonol glycoside groups. Relatively high translational efficiency (TE > 2) was observed in the four flavonoid structural genes (chalcone isomerase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, anthocyanidin synthase, and flavonol synthase). In addition, we originally provided the information on identified small open reading frames (small ORFs) and main ORFs in tea leaves and elaborated that the presence of upstream ORFs may have a repressive effect on the translation of downstream ORFs. Our data suggest that transcriptional regulation coordinates with translational regulation and may contribute to the elevation of translational efficiencies for the structural genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways during tea leaf development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yu Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Qing Lv
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Spiegelman Z, Broshi O, Shahar A, Omer S, Hak H, Wolf S. Long-distance regulation of shoot gravitropism by Cyclophilin 1 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Planta 2020; 252:50. [PMID: 32939624 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phloem-mobile protein SlCyp1 traffics to distant parts of the shoot to regulate its gravitropic response. In addition, SlCyp1 targets specific cells in the root to promote lateral root development. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Cyclophilin 1 (SlCyp1) gene encodes a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase required for auxin response, lateral root development and gravitropic growth. The SlCyp1 protein is a phloem-mobile signal that moves from shoot to root to regulate lateral root development (Spiegelman et al., Plant J 83:853-863, 2015; J Exp Bot 68:953-964, 2017a). Here, we explored the mechanism of SlCyp1 movement by fusing it to the fluorescent protein mCherry. We found that, once trafficked to the root, SlCyp1 is unloaded from the phloem to the surrounding tissues, including the pericycle and lateral root primordia. Interestingly, SlCyp1 not only moves to the root system, but also to distant parts of the shoot. Grafting of the SlCyp1 mutant diageotropica (dgt) scions on VFN8 control rootstocks resulted in recovery of dgt shoot gravitropism, which was associated with the restoration of auxin-response capacity. Application of the cyclophilin inhibitor cyclosporine A suppressed gravitropic recovery, indicating that SlCyp1 must be active in the target tissue to affect the gravitropic response. These results provide new insights on the mechanism of SlCyp1 transport and functioning as a long-distance signal regulating shoot gravitropism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Spiegelman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
| | - Or Broshi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amit Shahar
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sumita Omer
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hagit Hak
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Shmuel Wolf
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Qu C, Ogita S, Kishimoto T. Characterization of Immature Bamboo ( Phyllostachys nigra) Component Changes with Its Growth via Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Coherence Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:9896-9905. [PMID: 32809820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A 6.2 m high immature bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra) was divided into seven fractions. The bamboo cell walls and lignin samples from young to old were characterized by 1H-13C correlation heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (HSQC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy both qualitatively and semiquantitatively. Mature bamboo and bamboo shoot samples were used as comparison references. HSQC-NMR analysis proved that cellulose and arabinoxylan have already deposited in bamboo shoot, and cellulose amount increased during growth. Lignin side chain linkage formation started from β-ether (β-O-4), then phenylcoumaran (β-5), and finally resinol (β-β). Ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid (pCA) were formed at the earlier stages in the immature bamboo, and the pCA proportion decreased throughout the lignification process. We propose that the bamboo lignification process is distinct from both woody and other herbaceous plants, where syringyl units deposited at the early stage and polymerized with the β-O-4 linkage. Then guaiacyl units formed gradually, and finally, p-hydroxyphenyl units formed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qu
- International Advanced Energy Science Research and Education Center, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Ogita
- Plant Cell Manipulation Laboratory, Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsukacho, Shobara, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
| | - Takao Kishimoto
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu 939-0398, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Teixeira da Silva JA, Nezami-Alanagh E, Barreal ME, Kher MM, Wicaksono A, Gulyás A, Hidvégi N, Magyar-Tábori K, Mendler-Drienyovszki N, Márton L, Landín M, Gallego PP, Driver JA, Dobránszki J. Shoot tip necrosis of in vitro plant cultures: a reappraisal of possible causes and solutions. Planta 2020; 252:47. [PMID: 32885282 PMCID: PMC7471112 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Shoot tip necrosis is a physiological condition that negatively impacts the growth and development of in vitro plant shoot cultures across a wide range of species. Shoot tip necrosis is a physiological condition and disorder that can arise in plantlets or shoots in vitro that results in death of the shoot tip. This condition, which can spread basipetally and affect the emergence of axillary shoots from buds lower down the stem, is due to the cessation of apical dominance. STN can occur at both shoot multiplication and rooting stages. One of the most common factors that cause STN is nutrient deficiency or imbalance. Moreover, the presence or absence of plant growth regulators (auxins or cytokinins) at specific developmental stages may impact STN. The cytokinin to auxin ratio within an in vitro plant can be modified by varying the concentration of cytokinins used in the culture medium. The supply of nutrients to in vitro shoots or plantlets might also affect their hormonal balance, thus modifying the occurrence of STN. High relative humidity within culture vessels and hyperhydricity are associated with STN. An adequate supply of calcium as the divalent cation (Ca2+) can hinder STN by inhibiting the accumulation of phenolic compounds and thus programmed cell death. Moreover, the level of Ca2+ affects auxin transport and ethylene production, and higher ethylene production, which can occur as a result of high relative humidity in or poor ventilation of the in vitro culture vessel, induces STN. High relative humidity can decrease the mobility of Ca2+ within a plant, resulting in Ca2+ deficiency and STN. STN of in vitro shoots or plantlets can be halted or reversed by altering the basal medium, mainly the concentration of Ca2+, adjusting the levels of auxins or cytokinins, or modifying culture conditions. This review examines the literature related to STN, seeks to discover the associated factors and relations between them, proposes practical solutions, and attempts to better understand the mechanism(s) underlying this condition in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Teixeira da Silva
- , Miki-cho Post Office, 3011-2, P. O. Box 7, Ikenobe, Kagawa-ken, 761-0799, Japan.
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P. O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary.
| | - Esmaeil Nezami-Alanagh
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Pinar Biotech. Co., Ltd., East Azarbaijan Science and Technology Park , Tabriz, Iran
| | - María E Barreal
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mafatlal M Kher
- School of Science (SOS), GSFC University, P. O. Fertilizernagar, Vadodara, 391750, Gujarat, India
| | - Adhityo Wicaksono
- Division of Biotechnology, Generasi Biologi Indonesia (Genbinesia) Foundation, Jl. Swadaya Barat No. 4, Gresik Regency, 61171, Indonesia.
| | - Andrea Gulyás
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P. O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary
| | - Norbert Hidvégi
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P. O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary
| | - Katalin Magyar-Tábori
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P. O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary
| | - Nóra Mendler-Drienyovszki
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P. O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary
| | - László Márton
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P. O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary
| | - Mariana Landín
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro Pablo Gallego
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - John A Driver
- Driver Consulting Inc., 2601 Tim Bell Road, Waterford, CA, 95386, USA
| | - Judit Dobránszki
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P. O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Sousa AO, Camillo LR, Assis ETCM, Lima NS, Silva GO, Kirch RP, Silva DC, Ferraz A, Pasquali G, Costa MGC. EgPHI-1, a PHOSPHATE-INDUCED-1 gene from Eucalyptus globulus, is involved in shoot growth, xylem fiber length and secondary cell wall properties. Planta 2020; 252:45. [PMID: 32880001 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION EgPHI-1 is a member of PHI-1/EXO/EXL protein family. Its overexpression in tobacco resulted in changes in biomass partitioning, xylem fiber length, secondary cell wall thickening and composition, and lignification. Here, we report the functional characterization of a PHOSPHATE-INDUCED PROTEIN 1 homologue showing differential expression in xylem cells from Eucalyptus species of contrasting phenotypes for wood quality and growth traits. Our results indicated that this gene is a member of the PHI-1/EXO/EXL family. Analysis of the promoter cis-acting regulatory elements and expression responses to different treatments revealed that the Eucalyptus globulus PHI-1 (EgPHI-1) is transcriptionally regulated by auxin, cytokinin, wounding and drought. EgPHI-1 overexpression in transgenic tobacco changed the partitioning of biomass, favoring its allocation to shoots in detriment of roots. The stem of the transgenic plants showed longer xylem fibers and reduced cellulose content, while the leaf xylem had enhanced secondary cell wall thickness. UV microspectrophotometry of individual cell wall layers of fibers and vessels has shown that the transgenic plants exhibit differences in the lignification of S2 layer in both cell types. Taken together, the results suggest that EgPHI-1 mediates the elongation of secondary xylem fibers, secondary cell wall thickening and composition, and lignification, making it an attractive target for biotechnological applications in forestry and biofuel crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurizangela O Sousa
- Centro Multidisciplinar do Campus de Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Bahia, 47850-000, Brazil
| | - Luciana R Camillo
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Elza Thaynara C M Assis
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Nathália S Lima
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Genilson O Silva
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Rochele P Kirch
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Delmira C Silva
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - André Ferraz
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo- USP, Lorena, São Paulo, 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Pasquali
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Marcio G C Costa
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Krstić-Milošević D, Banjac N, Janković T, Eler K, Vinterhalter B. Gentiana clusii Perr.&Song.: Enhanced production of secondary metabolites by in vitro propagation. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 154:735-744. [PMID: 32763798 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shoot and root in vitro culture of endemic European species Gentiana clusii was established for the first time. The effects of different concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA), 6-phurphurylaminopurine (KIN), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on shoot propagation and rooting of G. clusii were investigated. The optimal in vitro conditions for shoot propagation and long-term maintenance were achieved using woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 0.5 mg l-1 KIN, and subsequent application of IBA at 0.5 mg l-1 significantly improved rooting of these shoots. Root culture was established from excised root tips cultured in ½ MS liquid media with increasing concentrations of IBA (0.1-1.0 mg l-1). A high root growth rate and considerable biomass yield were obtained by addition of 1.0 mg l-1 IBA. HPLC analysis revealed that in vitro culture considerably promoted the production of secondary metabolites in G. clusii. The selected protocol for shoot propagation (WPM + 0.5 mg l-1 KIN) increased the content of sweroside, gentiopicrin and norswertianin-1-O-primeveroside (N-1-P) for more than 2-fold compared with the wild plants. IBA promoted N-1-P and norswertianin production in root cultures; their contents were enhanced 6.4- and 18.6-fold, respectively, compared with the wild plants. The extract of these roots displayed the highest antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 66.57 μg ml-1). The established shoot and root propagation protocols facilitate in vitro conservation of G. clusii, and provides a promising tool for the large scale production of valuable secoiridoids and xanthones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Krstić-Milošević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Nevena Banjac
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Teodora Janković
- Insitute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr Josif Pančić", Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Klemen Eler
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Branka Vinterhalter
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Dhami N, Cazzonelli CI. Prolonged cold exposure to Arabidopsis juvenile seedlings extends vegetative growth and increases the number of shoot branches. Plant Signal Behav 2020; 15:1789320. [PMID: 32631114 PMCID: PMC8550187 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1789320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as photoperiod, temperature, phytohormones, sugars, and soil nutrients can affect the development of axillary meristems and emergence of shoot branches in plants. We investigated how an extended period of cold exposure to Arabidopsis plants before and after inflorescence meristem differentiation would affect plant growth and shoot branching. The number of rosette leaves and shoot branches increased when wild type (WT) juvenile seedlings, but not adult plants, were subjected to a prolonged cold exposure (10/7°C day/night cycle). As the duration of cold exposure to WT juvenile seedlings increased, so too did the rosette area, number of leaves, and rosette branches revealing an extended period of vegetative growth. The prolonged cold treatment also increased the primary inflorescence stem height and number of cauline branches in WT plants revealing a delay in reproductive development that could be altered by early (set domain group 8; sdg8) and late (methyltransferase 1; met1) flowering mutants. The axillary buds/leaf and rosette branches/leaf ratios declined significantly in WT, yet were enhanced in the loss-of-function of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7 (ccd7) and teosinte branched 1 (brc1) hyper-branched mutants. This indicated that axillary meristem differentiation continued during the cold exposure, which did not directly impact axillary bud formation or shoot branching. We conclude that a prolonged cold exposure to juvenile seedlings prior to inflorescence meristem development extended vegetative growth and delayed the reproductive phase to allow additional leaf primordia and axillary meristems to differentiate that enhanced the number of shoot branches in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namraj Dhami
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
131
|
Zheng J, Hong K, Zeng L, Wang L, Kang S, Qu M, Dai J, Zou L, Zhu L, Tang Z, Meng X, Wang B, Hu J, Zeng D, Zhao Y, Cui P, Wang Q, Qian Q, Wang Y, Li J, Xiong G. Karrikin Signaling Acts Parallel to and Additively with Strigolactone Signaling to Regulate Rice Mesocotyl Elongation in Darkness. Plant Cell 2020; 32:2780-2805. [PMID: 32665307 PMCID: PMC7474294 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seedling emergence in monocots depends mainly on mesocotyl elongation, requiring coordination between developmental signals and environmental stimuli. Strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins are butenolide compounds that regulate various developmental processes; both are able to negatively regulate rice (Oryza sativa) mesocotyl elongation in the dark. Here, we report that a karrikin signaling complex, DWARF14-LIKE (D14L)-DWARF3 (D3)-O. sativa SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (OsSMAX1) mediates the regulation of rice mesocotyl elongation in the dark. We demonstrate that D14L recognizes the karrikin signal and recruits the SCFD3 ubiquitin ligase for the ubiquitination and degradation of OsSMAX1, mirroring the SL-induced and D14- and D3-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of D53. Overexpression of OsSMAX1 promoted mesocotyl elongation in the dark, whereas knockout of OsSMAX1 suppressed the elongated-mesocotyl phenotypes of d14l and d3 OsSMAX1 localizes to the nucleus and interacts with TOPLESS-RELATED PROTEINs, regulating downstream gene expression. Moreover, we showed that the GR24 enantiomers GR245DS and GR24 ent-5DS specifically inhibit mesocotyl elongation and regulate downstream gene expression in a D14- and D14L-dependent manner, respectively. Our work revealed that karrikin and SL signaling play parallel and additive roles in modulating downstream gene expression and negatively regulating mesocotyl elongation in the dark.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Zheng
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Longjun Zeng
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Shujing Kang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Minghao Qu
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jiarong Dai
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Linyuan Zou
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhanpeng Tang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xiangbing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Villalobos-Escobedo JM, Esparza-Reynoso S, Pelagio-Flores R, López-Ramírez F, Ruiz-Herrera LF, López-Bucio J, Herrera-Estrella A. The fungal NADPH oxidase is an essential element for the molecular dialog between Trichoderma and Arabidopsis. Plant J 2020; 103:2178-2192. [PMID: 32578269 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Members of the fungal genus Trichoderma stimulate growth and reinforce plant immunity. Nevertheless, how fungal signaling elements mediate the establishment of a successful Trichoderma-plant interaction is largely unknown. In this work, we analyzed growth, root architecture and defense in an Arabidopsis-Trichoderma co-cultivation system, including the wild-type (WT) strain of the fungus and mutants affected in NADPH oxidase. Global gene expression profiles were assessed in both the plant and the fungus during the establishment of the interaction. Trichoderma atroviride WT improved root branching and growth of seedling as previously reported. This effect diminished in co-cultivation with the ∆nox1, ∆nox2 and ∆noxR null mutants. The data gathered of the Arabidopsis interaction with the ∆noxR strain showed that the seedlings had a heightened immune response linked to jasmonic acid in roots and shoots. In the fungus, we observed repression of genes involved in complex carbohydrate degradation in the presence of the plant before contact. However, in the absence of NoxR, such repression was lost, apparently due to a poor ability to adequately utilize simple carbon sources such as sucrose, a typical plant exudate. Our results unveiled the critical role played by the Trichoderma NoxR in the establishment of a fine-tuned communication between the plant and the fungus even before physical contact. In this dialog, the fungus appears to respond to the plant by adjusting its metabolism, while in the plant, fungal perception determines a delicate growth-defense balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Villalobos-Escobedo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Km. 9.6 libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, C. P. 36824, México
| | - Saraí Esparza-Reynoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, C. P. 58030, México
| | - Ramón Pelagio-Flores
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Km. 9.6 libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, C. P. 36824, México
- Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, C. P. 58240, México
| | - Fabiola López-Ramírez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Km. 9.6 libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, C. P. 36824, México
| | - León F Ruiz-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, C. P. 58030, México
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, C. P. 58030, México
| | - Alfredo Herrera-Estrella
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Km. 9.6 libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, C. P. 36824, México
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Alotaibi S, Ali E, Darwesh H, Ahmed AT, Al-Thubaiti E. Effect of Proline on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of <i>Simmondsia chinensis </i>(Link) Schneider under Salinity Stress. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 22:412-418. [PMID: 31930871 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.412.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider grows as an important economic and medical plant in deserts. It suffers from salt stress during the first period of growth despite having to endure it after an advanced age. More than 30% of irrigated lands worldwide are destructively impacted by salt stress, which enormously influences the growth and productivity of several crops worldwide. Proline (Pro) aggregation has been correlated with salt tolerance. This treatise was conducted to evaluate the impact of Pro on the negative effects of salinity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experiment, sodium chloride (NaCl) (5 and 10 dS m-1) and Pro treatments (10 and 20 mM) were examined and then growth parameters, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and inorganic ion contents of jojoba plant were determined. RESULTS Salt stress significantly minimized the growth parameters (i.e., plant height, branch number/plant, leaf number/plant and dry weight), RWC, chlorophyll and N+ and K+ contents, whereas Na+ and Cl- contents showed the opposite manner. CONCLUSION Contrariwise, when Pro was applied at 10 and 20 mM, the adverse effects of salt stress on the previous parameters were mitigated; 20 mM Pro treatment showed superior effects compared with 10 mM treatment.
Collapse
|
134
|
Torun H, Novák O, Mikulík J, Pěnčík A, Strnad M, Ayaz FA. Timing-dependent effects of salicylic acid treatment on phytohormonal changes, ROS regulation, and antioxidant defense in salinized barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:13886. [PMID: 32807910 PMCID: PMC7431421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and endogenous phytohormone pathways affects the antioxidant defense system and its response to salt stress. The study presented here investigated the effects of SA treatment before and during salt stress on the levels of endogenous plant growth regulators in three barley cultivars with different salinity tolerances: Hordeum vulgare L. cvs. Akhisar (sensitive), Erginel (moderate), and Kalaycı (tolerant). The cultivars' relative leaf water contents, growth parameters, proline contents, chlorophyll a/b ratios, and lipid peroxidation levels were measured, along with the activities of enzymes involved in detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide-dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate-peroxidase, and glutathione-reductase. In addition, levels of several endogenous phytohormones (indole-3-acetic-acid, cytokinins, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene) were measured. Barley is known to be more salt tolerant than related plant species. Accordingly, none of the studied cultivars exhibited changes in membrane lipid peroxidation under salt stress. However, they responded differently to salt-stress with respect to their accumulation of phytohormones and antioxidant enzyme activity. The strongest and weakest increases in ABA and proline accumulation were observed in Kalaycı and Akhisar, respectively, suggesting that salt-stress was more effectively managed in Kalaycı. The effects of exogenous SA treatment depended on both the timing of the treatment and the cultivar to which it was applied. In general, however, where SA helped mitigate salt stress, it appeared to do so by increasing ROS scavenging capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity. SA treatment also induced changes in phytohormone levels, presumably as a consequence of SA-phytohormone salt-stress cross-talk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Torun
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey.
- Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Mikulík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Faik Ahmet Ayaz
- Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Hamidpour M, Nemati H, Abbaszadeh Dahaji P, Roosta HR. Effects of plant growth-promoting bacteria on EDTA-assisted phytostabilization of heavy metals in a contaminated calcareous soil. Environ Geochem Health 2020; 42:2535-2545. [PMID: 31583504 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine the combined effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the phytostabilization of Cd, Pb, and Zn by corn and chemical fractionation of these elements in soil. Three heavy metal-resistant bacteria (P18, P15, and P19) were selected. All strains, belonging to the fluorescent pseudomonads, exhibited plant growth-promoting properties, including phosphorus solubilization and production of siderophore, indole acetic acid, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase. Applying EDTA individually or in combination with bacterial strains (P18 and P15) significantly increased shoot biomass. The highest dry shoot biomass was recorded in the combined treatment of EDTA and P15-inoculated pots. Application of EDTA in PGPR-inoculated pots increased concentrations of heavy metals in corn shoots and roots compared to the control. The highest concentration of Zn in corn root and shoot was observed in P15 + EDTA treatment, which were 2.0-fold and 1.3-fold higher than those in the untreated soil. Results of chemical speciation showed that the co-application of EDTA and fluorescent pseudomonads strains increased the bioavailability of Zn, Pb, and Cd by their redistribution from less soluble fractions to water-soluble forms. It was concluded that bacterial inoculation could improve the efficiency of EDTA in phytostabilization of heavy metals from multi-metal contaminated soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hamidpour
- Department of Soil Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Hamideh Nemati
- Department of Soil Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Roosta
- Department of Horticulture Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Bian T, Ma Y, Guo J, Wu Y, Shi D, Guo X. Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) PlDELLA gene negatively regulates dormancy release and plant growth. Plant Sci 2020; 297:110539. [PMID: 32563469 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
DELLA protein plays a significant role in plant growth and development. In this study, PlDELLA with the open reading frame of 1866 bp in length was isolated from Paeonia lactiflora. Overexpression of PlDELLA in Arabidopsis thaliana showed that seed germination was significantly repressed as it took 144∼192 h for the OEs to reach 100 % germination and it required only 60 h for the WT. The OEs were also inhibited in bolting time and in plant vegetative growth. When PlDELLA was silenced in peony by virus-induced gene silencing method, peony budbreak occurred earlier by 8∼10 d and the vegetative growth was significantly accelerated compared with the control group. These results collectively indicated that PlDELLA negatively regulated dormancy release and plant growth. During chilling process to release peony endodormancy, PlDELLA expression down-regulated, and the content of both endogenous active GAs and ABA decreased, indicating decreasing of PlDELLA expression under chilling was not caused by the known gibberellin signal transduction pathway. Besides, PlDELLA had no interaction with the four screened PlWRKYs, PlWRKY13, PlWRKY18, PlWRKY40 or PlWRKY50. These findings not only enrich the knowledge of DELLA protein family, but also provide insights into understanding the function of PlDELLA protein in endodormancy release in peony.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bian
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Research Center of Demonstration Engineering Technology for Urban and Rural Landscape, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Research Center of Demonstration Engineering Technology for Urban and Rural Landscape, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Research Center of Demonstration Engineering Technology for Urban and Rural Landscape, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Research Center of Demonstration Engineering Technology for Urban and Rural Landscape, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Research Center of Demonstration Engineering Technology for Urban and Rural Landscape, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xianfeng Guo
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Research Center of Demonstration Engineering Technology for Urban and Rural Landscape, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Loss Sperandio MV, Santos LA, Huertas Tavares OC, Fernandes MS, de Freitas Lima M, de Souza SR. Silencing the Oryza sativa plasma membrane H +-ATPase isoform OsA2 affects grain yield and shoot growth and decreases nitrogen concentration. J Plant Physiol 2020; 251:153220. [PMID: 32622271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3.) is a key component involved in nutrient uptake. There are 10 PM H+-ATPase isoforms in the rice genome (OsA1-OsA10), and OsA2 is highly responsive to nitrate (NO3-). We investigated the role that the OsA2 isoform plays in the total N and growth of rice (Oryza sativa). By the use of artificial microRNA, mutant osa2 rice lines presented ∼70 % downregulated levels of OsA2. Three osa2 lines and control plants (transformed with an empty IRS154 vector and named IRS) were cultivated in the greenhouse to evaluate grain and shoot production. For hydroponic experiments, the same lines were grown in Hoagland solution under two different NO3- levels for 30 days - 0.2 mM NO3--N (low N) or 2.0 mM NO3--N (sufficient N) - or were grown for three days without NO3- (starvation) after 27 days under 2.0 mM NO3--N. In the greenhouse experiments, compared with the IRS plants, the osa2 lines had lower shoot fresh weights, grain yields and SPAD values. Moreover, compared with the IRS plants, the three osa2 lines grown hydroponically under low NO3- levels had lower N concentration and net flux of NO3-. PM H+-ATPase activity was lower in the osa2 mutants than in the IRS plants. The relatively low N concentration in the osa2 lines was not due to lower expression of OsNRT2.1, OsNRT2.2, or OsNAR2.1. These results indicate that the specific PM H+-ATPase isoform OsA2 affects the net flux of NO3-, N concentration, and grain yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinícius Loss Sperandio
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Biology, R. Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, CEP 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Azevedo Santos
- Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7.0, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo de Freitas Lima
- Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7.0, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sonia Regina de Souza
- Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7.0, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Fan D, Subramanian S, Smith DL. Plant endophytes promote growth and alleviate salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2020. [PMID: 32728116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69713-] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a functionally diverse group of microbes having immense potential as biostimulants and stress alleviators. Their exploitation in agro-ecosystems as an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to traditional chemical inputs may positively affect agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. The present study describes selected rhizobacteria, from a range of origins, having plant growth promoting potential under controlled conditions. A total of 98 isolates (ectophytic or endophytic) from various crop and uncultivated plants were screened, out of which four endophytes (n, L, K and Y) from Phalaris arundinacea, Solanum dulcamara, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, and Glycine max, respectively, were selected in vitro for their vegetative growth stimulating effects on Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 seedlings with regard to leaf surface area and shoot fresh weight. A 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of the strains indicated that these isolates belong to the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Mucilaginibacter and Rhizobium. Strains were then further tested for their effects on abiotic stress alleviation under both Petri-plate and pot conditions. Results from Petri-dish assay indicated strains L, K and Y alleviated salt stress in Arabidopsis seedlings, while strains K and Y conferred increases in fresh weight and leaf area under osmotic stress. Results from subsequent in vivo trials indicated all the isolates, especially strains L, K and Y, distinctly increased A. thaliana growth under both normal and high salinity conditions, as compared to control plants. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and peroxidase), proline content and total antioxidative capacity also differed in the inoculated A. thaliana plants. Furthermore, a study on spatial distribution of the four strains, using either conventional Petri-plate counts or GFP-tagged bacteria, indicated that all four strains were able to colonize the endosphere of A. thaliana root tissue. Thus, the study revealed that the four selected rhizobacteria are good candidates to be explored as plant growth stimulators, which also possess salt stress mitigating property, partially by regulating osmolytes and antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the study is the first report of Scorzoneroides autumnalis (fall dandelion) and Solanum dulcamara (bittersweet) associated endophytes with PGP effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Fan
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Sowmyalakshmi Subramanian
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Donald L Smith
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Zhang Z, Yang X, Cheng L, Guo Z, Wang H, Wu W, Shin K, Zhu J, Zheng X, Bian J, Li Y, Gu L, Zhu Q, Wang ZY, Wang W. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses of brassinosteroid function in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) seedlings. Planta 2020; 252:27. [PMID: 32712728 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that brassinosteroid is essential for seedling and shoot growth in moso bamboo. The shoot of moso bamboo is known to grow extremely fast. The roles of phytohormones in such fast growth of bamboo shoot remain unclear. Here we reported that endogenous brassinosteroid (BR) is a major factor promoting bamboo shoot internode elongation. Reducing endogenous brassinosteroid level by its biosynthesis inhibitor propiconazole stunted shoot growth in seedling stage, whereas exogenous BR application promoted scale leaf elongation and the inclination of lamina joint of leaves and scale leaves. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis identified hundreds of genes whose expression levels are altered by BR and propiconazole in shoots and roots of bamboo seedling. The data show that BR regulates cell wall-related genes, hydrogen peroxide catabolic genes, and auxin-related genes. Our study demonstrates an essential role of BR in fast growth bamboo shoots and identifies a large number of BR-responsive genes in bamboo seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Yang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ling Cheng
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zejun Guo
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weihuang Wu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kihye Shin
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinyao Zhu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianghu Bian
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yangchen Li
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lianfeng Gu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Wenfei Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Dutra QP, Christ JA, Carrijo TT, de Assis Alves T, de Assis Alves T, Mendes LA, Praça-Fontes MM. Phytocytotoxicity of volatile constituents of essential oils from Sparattanthelium Mart. species (Hernandiaceae). Sci Rep 2020; 10:12213. [PMID: 32699377 PMCID: PMC7376048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intensive application of agrochemicals in crops has negatively impacted the environment and other organisms. The use of naturally occurring compounds may be an alternative to mitigate these effects. Plants are secondary metabolite reservoirs and may present allelopathic activity, which is potentially interesting to be used in bioherbicide formulations. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the phytotoxic and cytotoxic effects of essential oils extracted from leaves of Sparattanthelium botocudorum and Sparattanthelium tupiniquinorum in bioassays with the plant models Lactuca sativa L. and Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. The essential oils were applied at concentrations of 3,000, 1,500, 750, 375 and 187.5 ppm. Chemical characterization of the oils was performed, and their impact on the percentage of germinated seeds, initial development of L. sativa and S. bicolor seedlings, and changes in the mitotic cycle of meristematic cells from L. sativa roots was evaluated. The major compound of the essential oils was germacrene D, followed by bicyclogermacrene, β-elemene and germacrene A. The phytotoxicity assay showed that the essential oils of both species reduced the root and shoot growth in L. sativa and decreased the germination and shoot growth in S. bicolor. Inhibition was dependent on the tested oil concentration. In the cytotoxicity assay, a decrease in mitotic index and chromosomal and nuclear alterations were observed, which resulted from aneugenic and clastogenic action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quezia Pains Dutra
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Breeding, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, ZIP: 29.500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Jheniffer Abeldt Christ
- Post Graduate Program in Botany, Department of Botany, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, ZIP: 20.940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Tavares Carrijo
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Breeding, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, ZIP: 29.500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, ZIP: 29.500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Thayllon de Assis Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Breeding, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, ZIP: 29.500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Thammyres de Assis Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Breeding, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, ZIP: 29.500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Luiza Alves Mendes
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, ZIP: 29.500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Milene Miranda Praça-Fontes
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Breeding, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, ZIP: 29.500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil.
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, ZIP: 29.500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Abstract
Several species of dryland cyanobacteria are known to occur as hypoliths under semi-translucent rocks. In the Mojave Desert, these organisms find refuge from intense solar radiation under milky quartz where moisture persists for a longer period of time than in adjacent soil surface habitat. Desert mosses, which are extremely desiccation-tolerant, can also occur in these hypolithic spaces, though little is known about this unique moss microhabitat and how species composition compares to that of adjacent soil surface communities. To address this question, we deployed microclimate dataloggers and collected moss samples from under and adjacent to 18 milky quartz rocks (quartz mean center thickness 26 ± 15 mm) in a western high elevation Mojave Desert site. Light transmission through Mojave quartz rocks may be as low as 1.2%, and data from microclimate loggers deployed for five months support the hypothesis that quartz provides thermal buffering and higher relative humidity compared to the soil surface. Of the 53 samples collected from hypolith and surface microhabitats, 68% were Syntrichia caninervis, the dominant bryophyte of the Mojave Desert biological soil crust. Tortula inermis accounted for 28% of the samples and 4% were Bryum argenteum. In a comparison of moss community composition, we found that S. caninervis was more likely to be on the soil surface, though it was abundant in both microhabitats, while T. inermis was more restricted to hypoliths, perhaps due to protection from temperature extremes. In our study site, the differences between hypolithic and surface microhabitats enable niche partitioning between T. inermis and S. caninervis, enhancing alpha diversity. This work points to the need to thoroughly consider microhabitats when assessing bryophyte species diversity and modelling species distributions. This focus is particularly important in extreme environments, where mosses may find refuge from the prevailing macroclimatic conditions in microhabitats such as hypoliths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna T. B. Ekwealor
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Kirsten M. Fisher
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Ali S, Khan N, Xie L. Molecular and Hormonal Regulation of Leaf Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145132. [PMID: 32698541 PMCID: PMC7404056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Shoot apical meristems (SAM) are tissues that function as a site of continuous organogenesis, which indicates that a small pool of pluripotent stem cells replenishes into lateral organs. The coordination of intercellular and intracellular networks is essential for maintaining SAM structure and size and also leads to patterning and formation of lateral organs. Leaves initiate from the flanks of SAM and then develop into a flattened structure with variable sizes and forms. This process is mainly regulated by the transcriptional regulators and mechanical properties that modulate leaf development. Leaf initiation along with proper orientation is necessary for photosynthesis and thus vital for plant survival. Leaf development is controlled by different components such as hormones, transcription factors, miRNAs, small peptides, and epigenetic marks. Moreover, the adaxial/abaxial cell fate, lamina growth, and shape of margins are determined by certain regulatory mechanisms. The over-expression and repression of various factors responsible for leaf initiation, development, and shape have been previously studied in several mutants. However, in this review, we collectively discuss how these factors modulate leaf development in the context of leaf initiation, polarity establishment, leaf flattening and shape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (L.X.)
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Linan Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetative Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (L.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Hailu A, Sbhatu DB, Abraha HB. In Vitro Micropropagation of Industrially and Medicinally Useful Plant Aloe trichosantha Berger Using Offshoot Cuttings. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:3947162. [PMID: 32724302 PMCID: PMC7381991 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3947162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to develop in vitro micropropagation protocol of Aloe trichosantha Berger using offshoots as explants. MS media supplemented with plant growth regulators helped explants develop shoots within about 14 to 17 days. The mean number of days to shooting has decreased from 16.8 ± 0.8 with 0.5/0.5 mg/L BAP/NAA supplement to 15.5 ± 0.5 with 2.0/0.5 mg/L BAP/NAA. While the mean shoot number has increased with increasing the concentration of BAP supplements, the reverse was true with mean shoot lengths, whereas supplement of 2.0/0.5 mg/L BAP/NAA has generated significantly more shoots (17 ± 3.8), and longer shoots were produced with the addition of 0.5/0.5 and 1.0/0.5 mg/L BAP/NAA. In regard to rooting, though higher concentrations of NAA have resulted in quick rooting, the rooting performance in terms of mean number and length of roots was better with low concentrations. All the plantlets subjected to greenhouse acclimatization in cocopeat have survived. Secondary acclimatization in composted and manured soil media has also resulted in 93 to 95% survival rate. Lighting conditions (nursery shade or direct sunlight) of secondary acclimatization did not lead to any difference in the survival rate of the plantlets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsbeha Hailu
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Desta Berhe Sbhatu
- Mekelle Institute of Technology, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1632, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Haftom Baraki Abraha
- Mekelle Institute of Technology, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1632, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Li Z, Wu N, Liu T, Tang M, Chen H. Gender-related responses of dioecious plant Populus cathayana to AMF, drought and planting pattern. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11530. [PMID: 32661316 PMCID: PMC7359309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous studies, we detected drought, gender and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation effects on dioecious plant. Based on this, we investigated the intra- and inter-sexual competition between male and female plants. Dioecious plant Populus cathayana was used and we set 3 factors in this experiment: (1) AM inoculation/non-inoculation; (2) well-watered/water-stressed; (3) single-gender pattern (only 4 males or 4 females)/mixed-gender pattern (2 males and 2 females). Growth (stem length, ground diameter, SPAD, mean leaf area, biomass accumulation) and nutrition (C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg) distribution of male and female seedlings were determined. Results Drought significantly limited plant growth and nutrition accumulation, especially in female plants; AM formation alleviated this negative effect, especially in male plants. However, the gender effect was complicated. A mixed-gender planting pattern relieved intra- competition in terms of the growth and nutrient accumulation of both genders and even alleviated the negative effects caused by drought. In the mixed-gender pattern, the differences of C, N, P, K and Ca contents between male and female plants with AM inoculation was smaller than those without AM inoculation, which indicated a potential role for AM fungi in nutrient transport. Males had a stronger physiological response to limited water availability, and more advantages from AM formation than females. Mixed-gender planting relieved the existence of intra- sexual competition of dioecious plants, and AM symbiosis alleviated the differences between genders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Na Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Biology and Agriculture, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Ddevelopment and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Ddevelopment and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Luo J, Cao M, Zhang C, Wu J, Gu XWS. The influence of light combination on the physicochemical characteristics and enzymatic activity of soil with multi-metal pollution in phytoremediation. J Hazard Mater 2020; 393:122406. [PMID: 32172059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Light irradiation with suitable quality and intensity could influence the success of phytoremediation by improving the biomass yield of plants. However, mechanisms involved in this influence on the contaminant accumulation and translocation ability of plants have rarely been studied. Five light combinations with different red (R) and blue (B) ratios (0, 10, 50, 75 and 100 % blue) at the same intensity (220 μmol m-2 s-1) were used to assist phytoremediation using Noccaea caerulescens, and the change in physicochemical characteristics and enzymatic activities of soils after phytoremediation were evaluated. Compared with the control, the light combinations and monochromic blue light significantly increased the activities of soil ureases, invertases, and phosphatases, whereas monochromic red light strongly inhibited the activities of these enzymes, because different light irradiations altered the formation and excretion of carbohydrates from plants for soil microorganism consumption. Plants under B50R50 treatment accumulated the highest concentrations of metals, but their chlorophyll concentrations and lipid peroxidation were similar to those other species with lower metal concentrations. Hence, light with a proper blue/red ratio can simultaneously improve the physicochemical characteristics and enzymatic activities of soils, increase the metal uptake capacity and oxidation resistance of plants, and reduce the leaching risk during phytoremediation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- KLETOR Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Min Cao
- University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Chunming Zhang
- KLETOR Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wu
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - X W Sophie Gu
- The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Dai CW, Yan YY, Liu YM, Liu YM, Deng YW, Yao HY. The regeneration of Acer rubrum L. "October Glory" through embryonic callus. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:309. [PMID: 32615933 PMCID: PMC7333378 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology is an important way to solve the difficulties of plant propagation. This experiment aims to explore the appropriate conditions at each stage of the red maple's tissue culture process and to obtain plantlets, thus providing a theoretical basis for the establishment of the red maple's tissue culture system. RESULTS The results showed that the stem segment is the most suitable explant for inducing embryogenic callus. The MS (Murashige&Skoog) + 0.8 mg/L TDZ (Thidiazuron) + 1.0 mg/L 6-BA (6-Benzylaminopurine) + 0.5 mg/L IAA(Indole-3-acetic acid) + 35 g/L sucrose+ 7.5 g/L semi-fixed medium was the best for callus formation. When selecting type VI callus as embryonic callus induction material, MS + 0.6 mg/L TDZ + 0.5 mg/L 6-BA + 2.0 mg/L IAA + 35 g/L sucrose+ 7.5 g/L semi-fixed medium can get embryonic callus. The optimal medium for adventitious bud induction is MS + 1.0 mg/L TDZ + 3.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.2 mg/L NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) + 1.2 mg/L IAA + 35 g/L sucrose+ 7.5 g/L semi-fixed medium. The induction rate of adventitious roots in MS + 0.6 mg/L TDZ + 1.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 3 mg/L NAA + 35 g/L sucrose+ 7.5 g/L semi-fixed medium was the highest, reaching 76%. CONCLUSIONS In the course of our research, we found that PGRs play an important role in the callus induction stage, and the effect of TDZ is particularly obvious; The callus cells grow and proliferate according to the "S" growth curve, and can be sub-cultured when the highest growth point is reached to maintain the rapid proliferation of the callus cells and to avoid inactivation of callus caused by tight niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Wen Dai
- Resources and Environment Department of Southwest University, Three Gorges Reservoir area laboratory of ecological environment, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yang-Yang Yan
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Min Liu
- Resources and Environment Department of Southwest University, Three Gorges Reservoir area laboratory of ecological environment, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Ya-Min Liu
- Resources and Environment Department of Southwest University, Three Gorges Reservoir area laboratory of ecological environment, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuan-Wei Deng
- Resources and Environment Department of Southwest University, Three Gorges Reservoir area laboratory of ecological environment, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hong-Yu Yao
- Resources and Environment Department of Southwest University, Three Gorges Reservoir area laboratory of ecological environment, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Zhao D, Wang Y, Feng C, Wei Y, Peng X, Guo X, Guo X, Zhai Z, Li J, Shen X, Li T. Overexpression of MsGH3.5 inhibits shoot and root development through the auxin and cytokinin pathways in apple plants. Plant J 2020; 103:166-183. [PMID: 32031710 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormonal interactions are crucial for plant development. Auxin and cytokinin (CK) both play critical roles in regulating plant growth and development; however, the interaction between these two phytohormones is complex and not fully understood. Here, we isolated a wild apple (Malus sieversii Roem) GRETCHEN HAGEN3 (GH3) gene, MsGH3.5, encoding an indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amido synthetase. Overexpression of MsGH3.5 significantly reduced the free IAA content and increased the content of some IAA-amino acid conjugates, and MsGH3.5-overexpressing lines were dwarfed and produced fewer adventitious roots (ARs) than the control. This phenotype is consistent with the role of GH3 in conjugating excess free active IAA to amino acids in auxin homeostasis. Surprisingly, overexpression of MsGH3.5 significantly increased CK concentrations in the whole plant, and altered the expression of genes involved in CK biosynthesis, metabolism and signaling. Furthermore, exogenous CK application induced MsGH3.5 expression through the activity of the CK type-B response regulator, MsRR1a, which mediates the CK primary response. MsRR1a activated MsGH3.5 expression by directly binding to its promoter, linking auxin and CK signaling. Plants overexpressing MsRR1a also displayed fewer ARs, in agreement with the regulation of MsGH3.5 expression by MsRR1a. Taken together, we reveal that MsGH3.5 affects apple growth and development by modulating auxin and CK levels and signaling pathways. These findings provide insight into the interaction between the auxin and CK pathways, and might have substantial implications for efforts to improve apple architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yantao Wang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinwei Guo
- The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zefeng Zhai
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Shen
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianhong Li
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Xu L, Wang F, Li R, Deng M, Fu M, Teng H, Yi K. OsCYCP4s coordinate phosphate starvation signaling with cell cycle progression in rice. J Integr Plant Biol 2020; 62:1017-1033. [PMID: 31697021 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate starvation leads to a strong reduction in shoot growth and yield in crops. The reduced shoot growth is caused by extensive gene expression reprogramming triggered by phosphate deficiency, which is not itself a direct consequence of low levels of shoot phosphorus. However, how phosphate starvation inhibits shoot growth in rice is still unclear. In this study, we determined the role of OsCYCP4s in the regulation of shoot growth in response to phosphate starvation in rice. We demonstrate that the expression levels of OsCYCP4s, except OsCYCP4;3, were induced by phosphate starvation. Overexpression of the phosphate starvation induced OsCYCP4s could compete with the other cyclins for the binding with cyclin-dependent kinases, therefore suppressing growth by reducing cell proliferation. The phosphate starvation induced growth inhibition in the loss-of-function mutants cycp4;1, cycp4;2, and cycp4;4 is partially compromised. Furthermore, the expression of some phosphate starvation inducible genes is negatively modulated by these cyclins, which indicates that these OsCYCP4s may also be involved in phosphate starvation signaling. We conclude that phosphate starvation induced OsCYCP4s might coordinate phosphate starvation signaling and cell cycle progression under phosphate starvation stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Ruili Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Minjuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Meilan Fu
- The Semi-arid Agriculture Engineering & Technology Research Center of P. R. China, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Huiying Teng
- The Semi-arid Agriculture Engineering & Technology Research Center of P. R. China, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Keke Yi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Wakabayashi K, Soga K, Hoson T, Kotake T, Yamazaki T, Ishioka N, Shimazu T, Kamada M. Microgravity Affects the Level of Matrix Polysaccharide 1,3:1,4-β-Glucans in Cell Walls of Rice Shoots by Increasing the Expression Level of a Gene Involved in Their Breakdown. Astrobiology 2020; 20:820-829. [PMID: 32207981 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2019.2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall provides each cell with structural support and mechanical strength, and thus, it plays an important role in supporting the plant body against the gravitational force. We investigated the effects of microgravity on the composition of cell wall polysaccharides and on the expression levels of genes involved in cell wall metabolism using rice shoots cultivated under artificial 1 g and microgravity conditions on the International Space Station. The bulk amount of the cell wall obtained from microgravity-grown shoots was comparable with that from 1 g-grown shoots. However, the analysis of sugar constituents of matrix polysaccharides showed that microgravity specifically reduced the amount of glucose (Glc)-containing polysaccharides such as 1,3:1,4-β-glucans, in shoot cell walls. The expression level of a gene for endo-1,3:1,4-β-glucanase, which hydrolyzes 1,3:1,4-β-glucans, largely increased under microgravity conditions. However, the expression levels of genes involved in the biosynthesis of 1,3:1,4-β-glucans were almost the same under both gravity conditions. On the contrary, microgravity scarcely affected the level and the metabolism of arabinoxylans. These results suggest that a microgravity environment promotes the breakdown of 1,3:1,4-β-glucans, which, in turn, causes the reduced level of these polysaccharides in growing rice shoots. Changes in 1,3:1,4-β-glucan level may be involved in the modification of mechanical properties of cell walls under microgravity conditions in space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Wakabayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouichi Soga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hoson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kotake
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Space and Environmental Medicine, General Medical Education and Research Center, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
Cruz R, Melo-de-Pinna GFA, Vasco A, Prado J, Ambrose BA. Class I KNOX Is Related to Determinacy during the Leaf Development of the Fern Mickelia scandens (Dryopteridaceae). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124295. [PMID: 32560264 PMCID: PMC7352642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike seed plants, ferns leaves are considered to be structures with delayed determinacy, with a leaf apical meristem similar to the shoot apical meristems. To better understand the meristematic organization during leaf development and determinacy control, we analyzed the cell divisions and expression of Class I KNOX genes in Mickelia scandens, a fern that produces larger leaves with more pinnae in its climbing form than in its terrestrial form. We performed anatomical, in situ hybridization, and qRT-PCR experiments with histone H4 (cell division marker) and Class I KNOX genes. We found that Class I KNOX genes are expressed in shoot apical meristems, leaf apical meristems, and pinnae primordia. During early development, cell divisions occur in the most distal regions of the analyzed structures, including pinnae, and are not restricted to apical cells. Fern leaves and pinnae bear apical meristems that may partially act as indeterminate shoots, supporting the hypothesis of homology between shoots and leaves. Class I KNOX expression is correlated with indeterminacy in the apex and leaf of ferns, suggesting a conserved function for these genes in euphyllophytes with compound leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cruz
- Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, São Paulo (SP) CEP 04301-902, Brazil;
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo (SP) CEP 05422-971, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gladys F. A. Melo-de-Pinna
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo (SP) CEP 05422-971, Brazil;
| | - Alejandra Vasco
- Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, TX 76107-3400, USA;
| | - Jefferson Prado
- Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, São Paulo (SP) CEP 04301-902, Brazil;
- UNESP, IBILCE, Depto. de Zoologia e Botânica, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto (SP) CEP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Barbara A. Ambrose
- The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA;
| |
Collapse
|