151
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Wang L, Pan Y, Liu Y, Sun Z, Huang Y, Li J, Yang J, Xiang Y, Li G. Fabrication of an Aptamer-Coated Liposome Complex for the Detection and Profiling of Exosomes Based on Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated Signal Amplification. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:322-329. [PMID: 31840492 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The exosome is a promising biomarker carrying many kinds of membrane proteins with huge heterogeneity, so the sensitive and multiplex analysis of exosomes is very significant for disease diagnosis and exploration of their biological functions. Herein, we propose an efficient method for highly sensitive detection and heterogeneity identification of exosomes based on the design and fabrication of an aptamer-coated liposome complex coupled with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated polymerization. Specifically, in the presence of target exosomes, the aptamers immobilized on the surface of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane liposomes prefer to bind with exosomal membrane proteins due to the high affinity. The resulting aptamer-exosome complex will be accessible to TdT to switch on the polymerization reaction for signal amplification, achieving highly sensitive detection of exosomes. Furthermore, the proposed method can be employed to profile different exosomal membrane proteins by making use of a cluster of corresponding aptamers and obtain a fingerprint map of various cancer cell-derived exosomes. Thus, our approach may provide a highly sensitive and robust strategy for the identification of exosome heterogeneity with advantages of being label-free and having no separation, potentially enabling the precise subpopulation of exosomes with practical value in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Zhaowei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Nanjing , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210003 , P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Genxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P. R. China
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152
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Abstract
Cell separation and patterning are of interest to several biological and medical applications including rare cell isolation and co-culture models. Numerous microfluidic devices have been used for cell separation and patterning, however, the typical closed channel configuration comes with challenges and limitations. Here, we report a dielectrophoresis (DEP) enabled microelectrofluidic probe (MeFP) for sequentially separating and patterning of mammalian cells in an open microfluidic system. The MeFP is a microfluidic probe with injection and aspiration apertures, integrated with an array of micro-hump electrodes on its tip. Aligning the MeFP parallel, and in close proximity, to a conductive substrate forms a vertical pin-plate electrode configuration that allows for an integration of DEP forces within the hydrodynamic flow confinement. Upon confining a heterogeneous cell suspension in the gap between the MeFP and the substrate, target cells are selectively captured on the micro-hump electrodes using positive DEP forces, and then deposited on the substrate in defined patterns. Characterization of the MeFP showed an increase in cell-capture efficiency when the MeFP is of a higher microfluidic multipole configuration. Separation of cancer cells from T lymphocytes was demonstrated with capture purity as high as 89.6%. Deposited patterns of isolated cells match the numerically calculated particle trajectories of the evaluated microfluidic multipoles configurations. By adjusting the flow configuration of the MeFP, we show that the patterned co-culture of two different cell types can be dynamically controlled for homotypic and heterotypic cell interaction studies. This work presents a multifunctional microfluidic tool that bio-fabricates selective multicellular patterns directly on an open substrate without the need for confined conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoola T Brimmo
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, NY, USA
| | - Anoop Menachery
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohammad A Qasaimeh
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, NY, USA
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153
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Marumo K, Matsumoto A, Nakano S, Shibukawa M, Saito T, Haraga T, Saito S. Advanced Gel Electrophoresis Techniques Reveal Heterogeneity of Humic Acids Based on Molecular Weight Distributions of Kinetically Inert Cu 2+-Humate Complexes. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:14507-14515. [PMID: 31709790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Humic acids (HAs) play important roles for the fate of metal ions in the environment. Most chemical speciation models involving HAs assume heterogeneous metal ion binding. However, these models also assume that the binding affinities of metal ions with HAs are the same regardless of the molecular weight (MW) ranges of the HAs involved. Here, we develop new polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) techniques to investigate the MW distributions of HAs with strongly complexed Cu2+ ions. By combining contaminant metal-free and high-resolution PAGE for HAs, this work was able to provide accurate MW distributions for the complexed metal ions. The MW distribution of Cu2+ binding ability per quantity of HA indicates that strong metal-binding moieties in HAs are heterogeneous in terms of MW. Coupling of the PAGE techniques with UV-vis and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectrometry-parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) methods revealed new insights into kinetically inert interactions between HAs and Cu2+ ions. By this method, we found that the protein-like fluorescence components in the high- and low-MW regions cooperatively responded through Cu2+ binding. Thus, the advanced gel electrophoresis techniques developed herein are able to shed new light on the heterogeneity of metal binding affinities of HAs in terms of MW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Marumo
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo , Sakura-ku , Saitama 338-8570 , Japan
| | - Atsumasa Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo , Sakura-ku , Saitama 338-8570 , Japan
| | - Sumika Nakano
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo , Sakura-ku , Saitama 338-8570 , Japan
| | - Masami Shibukawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo , Sakura-ku , Saitama 338-8570 , Japan
| | - Takumi Saito
- Nuclear Professional School, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 2-21 Shirakata-Shirane , Tokai-mura , Ibaraki 319-1188 , Japan
| | - Tomoko Haraga
- Department of Decommissioning and Waste Management , Japan Atomic Energy Agency , 2-4 Shirakata , Tokai-mura , Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195 , Japan
| | - Shingo Saito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo , Sakura-ku , Saitama 338-8570 , Japan
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154
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Oravec S, Jediná V, Zitnanova I, Dostal E, Devinsky F. Small dense LDL - an important part of the atherogenic lipoprotein profile in individuals with impaired metabolism of lipoproteins. Comparison of two analytical procedures. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2019; 40:195-198. [PMID: 32087095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare two different analytical methods for determination of small dense LDL and to determine a share of corresponding and non-corresponding (inconsistent) results METHODS: In the group of 104 hyperlipidemic patients and 20 healthy individuals of the control group we analysed the total cholesterol and triglycerides by enzymatic CHOD PAP method (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) in EDTA-K2 plasma. Small dense LDL (sdLDL) were quantified by the electrophoretic method for lipoprotein analysis on polyacrylamide gel (PAG) (Lipoprint LDL System, Quantimetrix, CA, USA) and simultaneously, the small dense LDL concentrations in the indentical samples were analysed by an enzymatic method LDL-EX ´Seiken´(Randox, England). RESULTS In 31 patients we found the discrepancy in the sdLDL levels using the two different procedures. Out of them, 24 patients tested by enzymatic method ´SEIKEN´ had higher sdLDL values (more than 0.9 mmol/l) compared to the Lipoprint LDL results, which identified normal sdLDL values in the same samples (in 23% of tested patients). In 7 patients out of the 31 tested patients with discrepant sdLDL values, the Lipoprint LDL identified increased values of plasma sdLDL (more than 0.155 mmol/l), while the enzymatic LDL-EX Seiken did not find an increased concentration of sdLDL (in 7% of tested patients). In the control group a discrepancy in the sdLDL results between the two tested analytical methods was not found. CONCLUSION The concentration of sdLDL in plasma lipoprotein spectrum obtained by two different laboratory procedures was analysed, compared, evaluated and 70% identical corresponding results have been confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Oravec
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Ingrid Zitnanova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Medical faculty, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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155
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Huang K, Lu B, Lai J, Chu HKH. Microchip System for Patterning Cells on Different Substrates via Negative Di electrophoresis. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 2019; 13:1063-1074. [PMID: 31478871 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2019.2937744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seeding cells on a planar substrate is the first step to construct artificial tissues in vitro. Cells should be organized into a pattern similar to native tissues and cultured on a favorable substrate to facilitate desirable tissue ingrowth. In this study, a microchip system is designed and fabricated to form cells into a specific pattern on different substrates. The system consists of a microchip with a dot-electrode array for cell trapping and patterning and two motorized platforms for providing relative motions between the microchip and the substrate. AC voltage is supplied to the selected electrodes by using a programmable micro control unit to control relays connected to the dot-electrodes. Nonuniform electric fields for cell manipulation are formed via negative dielectrophoresis (n-DEP). Experiments were conducted to create different patterns by using yeast cells. The effects of different experimental parameters and material properties on the patterning efficiency were evaluated and analyzed. Mechanisms to remove abundant cells surrounding the constructed patterns were also examined. Results show that the microchip system could successfully create cell patterns on different substrates. The use of calcium chloride (CaCl 2) enhanced the cell adhesiveness on the substrate. The proposed n-DEP patterning technique offers a new method for constructing artificial tissues with high flexibility on cell patterning and selecting substrate to suit application needs.
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156
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Okekeogbu IO, Aryal UK, Fernández-Niño SMG, Penning BW, Heazlewood JL, McCann MC, Carpita NC. Differential distributions of trafficking and signaling proteins of the maize ER-Golgi apparatus. Plant Signal Behav 2019; 14:1672513. [PMID: 31564200 PMCID: PMC6866702 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1672513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-Golgi apparatus of plants is the site of synthesis of non-cellulosic polysaccharides that then traffic to the cell wall. A two-step protocol of flotation centrifugation followed by free-flow electrophoresis (FFE) resolved ER and Golgi proteins into three profiles: an ER-rich fraction, two Golgi-rich fractions, and an intermediate fraction enriched in cellulose synthases. Nearly three dozen Rab-like proteins of eight different subgroups were distributed differentially in ER- vs. Golgi-rich fractions, whereas seven 14-3-3 proteins co-fractionated with cellulose synthases in the intermediate fraction. FFE offers a powerful means to classify resident and transient proteins in cell-free assays of cellular location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna O. Okekeogbu
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Uma K. Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Biosciences Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Bryan W. Penning
- USDA-ARS, Corn, Soybean and Wheat Quality Research, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Joshua L. Heazlewood
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Maureen C. McCann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Carpita
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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157
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Willems K, Ruić D, Biesemans A, Galenkamp NS, Van Dorpe P, Maglia G. Engineering and Modeling the Electrophoretic Trapping of a Single Protein Inside a Nanopore. ACS Nano 2019; 13:9980-9992. [PMID: 31403770 PMCID: PMC6764111 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability to confine and to study single molecules has enabled important advances in natural and applied sciences. Recently, we have shown that unlabeled proteins can be confined inside the biological nanopore Cytolysin A (ClyA) and conformational changes monitored by ionic current recordings. However, trapping small proteins remains a challenge. Here, we describe a system where steric, electrostatic, electrophoretic, and electro-osmotic forces are exploited to immobilize a small protein, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), inside ClyA. Assisted by electrostatic simulations, we show that the dwell time of DHFR inside ClyA can be increased by orders of magnitude (from milliseconds to seconds) by manipulation of the DHFR charge distribution. Further, we describe a physical model that includes a double energy barrier and the main electrophoretic components for trapping DHFR inside the nanopore. Simultaneous fits to the voltage dependence of the dwell times allowed direct estimates of the cis and trans translocation probabilities, the mean dwell time, and the force exerted by the electro-osmotic flow on the protein (≅9 pN at -50 mV) to be retrieved. The observed binding of NADPH to the trapped DHFR molecules suggested that the engineered proteins remained folded and functional inside ClyA. Contact-free confinement of single proteins inside nanopores can be employed for the manipulation and localized delivery of individual proteins and will have further applications in single-molecule analyte sensing and enzymology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kherim Willems
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dino Ruić
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annemie Biesemans
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicole Stéphanie Galenkamp
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pol Van Dorpe
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Maglia
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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158
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Farmehini V, Varhue W, Salahi A, Hyler AR, Cemazar J, V Davalos R, Swami NS. On-Chip Impedance for Quantifying Parasitic Voltages During AC Electrokinetic Trapping. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 67:1664-1671. [PMID: 31545705 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2942572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessing the effectiveness of microfluidic device structures for enabling electrokinetic or acoustic trapping requires imaging of model particles within each device under the requisite force fields. To avoid the need for extensive microscopy, the use of valuable biological samples, and reliance on a trained operator to assess efficacy of trapping, we explore electrical means to identify device geometry variations that are responsible for the poor trapping. RESULTS Using the example of AC electrokinetic trapping over an insulated channel in a contact-less dielectrophoresis mode, we present an on-chip method to acquire impedance spectra on the microfluidic device for quantifying the parasitic voltage drops. CONCLUSION Based on the parasitic voltage drops, device geometries can be designed to maximize fraction of the applied voltage that is available for dielectrophoretic manipulation and the measured on-chip impedance can rapidly inform downstream decisions on particle manipulation.
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159
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Morshed A, Dutta P, Kim MJ. Electrophoretic transport and dynamic deformation of bio-vesicles. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2584-2591. [PMID: 30993726 PMCID: PMC6718350 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Study of the deformation dynamics of cells and other sub-micron vesicles, such as virus and neurotransmitter vesicles are necessary to understand their functional properties. This mechanical characterization can be done by submerging the vesicle in a fluid medium and deforming it with a controlled electric field, which is known as electrodeformation. Electrodeformation of biological and artificial lipid vesicles is directly influenced by the vesicle and surrounding media properties and geometric factors. The problem is compounded when the vesicle is naturally charged, which creates electrophoretic forcing on the vesicle membrane. We studied the electrodeformation and transport of charged vesicles immersed in a fluid media under the influence of a DC electric field. The electric field and fluid-solid interactions are modeled using a hybrid immersed interface-immersed boundary technique. Model results are verified with experimental observations for electric field driven translocation of a virus through a nanopore sensor. Our modeling results show interesting changes in deformation behavior with changing electrical properties of the vesicle and the surrounding media. Vesicle movement due to electrophoresis can also be characterized by the change in local conductivity, which can serve as a potential sensing mechanism for electrodeformation experiments in solid-state nanopore setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Morshed
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Prashanta Dutta
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Min Jun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275
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160
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161
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Kong H, Liu WW, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Wang CH, Khan MI, Wang YX, Fan LY, Cao CX. Facile, Rapid, and Low-Cost Electrophoresis Titration of Thrombin by Aptamer-Linked Magnetic Nanoparticles and a Redox Boundary Chip. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:29549-29556. [PMID: 31259516 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An aptamer-linked assay of a target biomarker (e.g., thrombin) is facing the challenges of long-term run, complex performance, and expensive instrument, unfitting clinical diagnosis in resource-limited areas. Herein, a facile chip electrophoresis titration (ET) model was proposed for rapid, portable, and low-cost assay of thrombin via aptamer-linked magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), redox boundary (RB), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In the electrophoresis titration-redox boundary (ET-RB) model, thrombin was chosen as a model biomarker, which could be captured within 15 min by MNP-aptamer 1 and HRP-aptamer 2, forming a sandwich complex of (MNP-aptamer 1)-thrombin-(HRP-aptamer 2). After MNP separation and chromogenic reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) within 10 min, an ET-RB run could be completed within 5 min based on the reaction between a 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine radical cation (TMB•+) and l-ascorbic acid in the ET channel. The systemic experiments based on the ET-RB method revealed that the sandwich complex could be formed and the thrombin content could be assayed via an ET-RB chip, demonstrating the developed model and method. In particular, the ET-RB method had the evident merits of simplicity, rapidity (less than 30 min), and low cost as well as portability and visuality, in contrast to the currently used thrombin assay. In addition, the developed method had high selectivity, sensitivity (limit of detection of 0.04 nM), and stability (intraday: 3.26%, interday: 6.07%) as well as good recovery (urine: 97-102%, serum: 94-103%). The developed model and method have potential to the development of a point-of-care testing assay in resource-constrained conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Kong
- Shanghai Sixth Peoples' Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China
| | - Wei-Wen Liu
- Shanghai Sixth Peoples' Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering , §State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , ∥School of Physics and Astronomy , and ⊥Student Innovation Center , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Shanghai Sixth Peoples' Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering , §State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , ∥School of Physics and Astronomy , and ⊥Student Innovation Center , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Cun-Huai Wang
- Shanghai Sixth Peoples' Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China
| | - Muhammad Idrees Khan
- Shanghai Sixth Peoples' Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China
| | | | | | - Cheng-Xi Cao
- Shanghai Sixth Peoples' Hospital East , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School , Shanghai 201306 , China
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering , §State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , ∥School of Physics and Astronomy , and ⊥Student Innovation Center , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
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162
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Abstract
Selective manipulation of single cells is an important step in sample preparation for biological analysis. A highly specific and automated device is desired for such an operation. An ideal device would be able to selectively pick several single cells in parallel from a heterogeneous population and transfer those to designated sites for further analysis without human intervention. The robotic manipulator developed here provides the basis for development of such a device. The device in this work is designed to selectively pick cells based on their inherent properties using dielectrophoresis (DEP) and automatically transfer and release those at a transfer site. Here we provide proof of concept of such a device and study the effect of different parameters on its operation. Successful experiments were conducted to separate Candida cells from a mixture with 10 μm latex particles and a viability assay was performed for separation of viable rat adipose stem cells (RASCs) from non-viable ones. The robotic DEP device was further used to pick and transfer single RASCs. This work also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of our current setup and illustrates the future steps required to improve the performance of this robotic DEP technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Natu
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Monsur Islam
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA. and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Devin Keck
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA.
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163
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Chen AX, Beligaswatte A, White G, Burt MG. Rituximab for treatment of refractory insulin autoimmune syndrome associated with non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 91:230-232. [PMID: 31009087 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela X Chen
- Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ashanka Beligaswatte
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Graham White
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Morton G Burt
- Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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164
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Abstract
This paper reports an outdoor-use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology in which stability of resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) is remarkably improved. A thin-film RTD made of non-annealed Pt shows accuracy degradation because the resistance of the RTD tends to decrease during the PCR operation. Thus, the annealing process is applied to the Pt RTD to improve the stability, which is a prerequisite to the accurate measurement of the absolute temperature. Both heaters and the RTD are fabricated on a thin quartz substrate whose melting temperature is high enough for annealing. The performances in the PCR time and power consumption are enhanced by reducing the size of the heater chips with no degradation in the temperature uniformity. A spring-loaded electrode is employed to simplify the procedure of electrical connection to the thermal controller and loading/unloading of the PCR chip. The contact area of the electrical connection is so small that the conductive thermal resistance increases; thereby small heat dissipation can be exploited for low-power operation. The stability of the RTD is experimentally confirmed in terms of resistance variation over repeated PCR operations (four times). The least variation of 0.005%, which corresponds to a negligible temperature variation of 0.038 °C for the PCR, is achieved from the RTD annealed for 5 min at 450 °C. The gel-electrophoresis result indicates that the PCR performance of the proposed system using a film-type PCR chip is comparable to that of a conventional system using a vial tube despite its low power consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdo Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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165
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Abstract
Separations of bioanalytes require robust, effective, and selective migration phenomena. However, due to the complexity of biological matrices such as body fluids or tissue, these requirements are difficult to achieve. The separations field is thus constantly evolving to develop suitable methods to separate biomarkers and fractionate biospecimens for further interrogation of biomolecular content. Advances in the field of microfabrication allow the tailored generation of micro- and nanofluidic environments. These can be exploited to induce interactions and dynamics of biological species with the corresponding geometrical features, which in turn can be capitalized for novel separation approaches. This review provides an overview of several unique separation applications demonstrated in recent years in tailored micro- and nanofluidic environments. These include electrokinetic methods such as dielectrophoresis and electrophoresis, but also rather nonintuitive ratchet separation mechanisms, continuous flow separations, and fractionations such as deterministic lateral displacement, as well as methods employing entropic forces for separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Sonker
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA;
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Daihyun Kim
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA;
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Ana Egatz-Gomez
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA;
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Alexandra Ros
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA;
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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166
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Ji X, Zhou T, Deng Y, Shi L, Zhang X, Woo Joo S. A new droplet breakup phenomenon in electrokinetic flow through a microchannel constriction. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:758-760. [PMID: 31177552 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A completely new droplet breakup phenomenon is reported for droplets passing through a constriction in an electrokinetic flow. The breakup occurs during the droplet shape recovery process past the constriction throat by the interplay of the dielectrophoretic stress release and the interface energy for droplets with smaller permittivity than that of the ambient fluid. There are conditions for constriction ratios and droplet size that the droplet breakup occurs. The numerical predictions provided here require experimental verification, and then can give rise to a novel microfluidic device design with novel droplet manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ji
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Teng Zhou
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Yongbo Deng
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Liuyong Shi
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Xianman Zhang
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan, South Korea
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167
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Vu T, Borgesi J, Soyring J, D'Alia M, Davidson SL, Shim J. Employing LiCl salt gradient in the wild-type α-hemolysin nanopore to slow down DNA translocation and detect methylated cytosine. Nanoscale 2019; 11:10536-10545. [PMID: 31116213 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00502a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we demonstrate a label-free detection, biological nanopore-based method to distinguish methylated cytosine (mC) from naked cytosine (C) in sample mixtures containing both C and mC at a prolonged translocation duration. Using a 15-fold increase in LiCl salt concentration going from a cis to trans chamber, we increased the translocation dwell time of ssDNA by over 5-fold and the event capture rate by 6-fold in comparison with the symmetric concentration of 1.0 M KCl (control). This is a consequence of counter-ion binding and effective lowering of the overall charge of DNA, which in turn lessens the electrophoretic drive of the system and slows the translocation velocity. Moreover, salt gradients can create a large electric field that will funnel ions and polymers towards the pore, increasing the capture rate and translocation dwell time of DNA. As a result, in 0.2 M-3.0 M LiCl solution, ssDNA achieved a prolonged dwell time of 52 μs per nucleotide and a capture rate of 60 ssDNA per second. Importantly, lowering the translocation speed of ssDNA enhances the resulting resolution, allowing 5'-mC to be distinguished from C without using methyl-specific labels. We successfully distinguished 5'-mC from C when mixed together at ratios of 1 : 1, 3 : 7 and 7 : 3. The distribution of current blockade amplitudes of all mixtures adopted bimodal shapes, with peak-to-peak ratios coarsely corresponding to the mixture composition (e.g. the density and distribution of events shifted in correspondence with changes in 18b-0mC and 18-2mC concentration ratios in the mixture).
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
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168
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Katkar HH, Muthukumar M. Conformational fluctuations of a DNA electrophoretically translocating through a nanopore under the action of a motor protein. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2019; 42:67. [PMID: 31129744 PMCID: PMC8475728 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-file single-molecule electrophoresis through a nanopore has emerged as one of the successful methods in DNA sequencing. In gaining sufficient accuracy in the readout of the sequence, it is essential to position every nucleotide of the sequence with great accuracy and precision at the interrogation point of the nanopore. A combination of a ratcheting enzyme and a threaded DNA across a protein pore under an electric field is experimentally shown to be a viable method for DNA sequencing within the single-molecule electrophoresis technique. Using coarse-grained models of the enzyme and the protein nanopore, and Langevin dynamics simulations, we have characterized the conformational fluctuations of the DNA inside the nanopore. We show that the conformational fluctuations of DNA are significant for slowly operating enzymes such as phi29 DNA polymerase. Our results imply that there is considerable uncertainty in precisely positioning a nucleotide at the interrogation point of the nanopore. The discrepancy between the results of coarse-grained simulations and the experimentally successful accurate sequencing suggests that additional features of the experiments, such as explicit treatment of electrolyte ions and hydrodynamics, must be incorporated in the simulations to accurately model experimental constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshwardhan H Katkar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 01003, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Murugappan Muthukumar
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 01003, Amherst, MA, USA.
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169
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Chen YS, Chung KC, Huang WY, Lee WB, Fu CY, Wang CH, Lee GB. Generating digital drug cocktails via optical manipulation of drug-containing particles and photo-patterning of hydrogels. Lab Chip 2019; 19:1764-1771. [PMID: 30942234 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An integrated microfluidic system combining 1) an optically-induced-dielectrophoresis (ODEP) module for manipulation of drug-containing particles and 2) an ultraviolet (UV) "direct writing" module capable of patterning hydrogels was established herein for automatic formulation of customized digital drug cocktails. Using the ODEP module, the drug-containing particles were assembled by using moving light patterns generated from a digital projector. The hydrogel, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), was used as the medium in the ODEP module such that the assembled drug-containing particles could be UV-cured and consequently encapsulated in "pills" of specific sizes and shapes by using the UV direct writing module. At an optimal ODEP force of 335 pN, which was achieved in a solution of 15% PEGDA in 0.2 M sucrose, it was possible to manipulate and UV-cure the drug-containing particles. Furthermore, with a digital micromirror device inside the UV direct writing module, different UV patterns could be designed and projected, allowing for the digital drug cocktails to be packaged into different shapes in <60 s. As a demonstration, emulsion droplets containing two different anti-cancer drugs were further tested to show the capability of the developed device. This represents an automatic digital drug cocktail formulating device which stands to revolutionize personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sin Chen
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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170
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Kjellmo CA, Pop G, Lappegård KT, Hovland A. Intensive lipid lowering therapy reduces large, but not small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles measured by gel electrophoresis, in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26:2017-2018. [PMID: 31032636 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319845966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Kjellmo
- Division of Internal Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gheorghe Pop
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Knut T Lappegård
- Division of Internal Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anders Hovland
- Division of Internal Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway
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171
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Jagusiak A, Chłopaś K, Zemanek G, Jemioła-Rzemińska M, Piekarska B, Stopa B, Pańczyk T. Self-Assembled Supramolecular Ribbon-Like Structures Complexed to Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Possible Anticancer Drug Delivery Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092064. [PMID: 31027351 PMCID: PMC6539291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing an effective targeted anticancer drug delivery method is still a big challenge, since chemotherapeutics often cause a variety of undesirable side effects affecting normal tissues. This work presents the research on a novel system consisting of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), dispersed with Congo Red (CR), a compound that forms self-assembled ribbon-like structures (SRLS) and anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). SWNT provide a large surface for binding of planar aromatic compounds, including drugs, while CR supramolecular ribbon-like assemblies can be intercalated by drugs, like anthracycline rings containing DOX. The mechanism of interactions in SWNT–CR–DOX triple system was proposed based on electrophoretic, spectral, Dynamic Light Scattering and scanning electron microscopy analyzes. The profile of drug release from the investigated system was evaluated using dialysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The results indicate that ribbon-like supramolecular structures of CR bind to SWNT surface forming SWNT–CR complexes which finally bind DOX. The high amount of nanotube-bound CR greatly increases the capacity of the carrier for the drug. The high capacity for drug binding and possible control of its release (through pH changes) in the analyzed system may result in prolonged and localized drug action. The proposed SWNT–CR–DOX triple system meets the basic criteria that justifies its further research as a potential drug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jagusiak
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Chłopaś
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Zemanek
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Jemioła-Rzemińska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Barbara Piekarska
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Barbara Stopa
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Pańczyk
- Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
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172
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Poxson DJ, Gabrielsson EO, Bonisoli A, Linderhed U, Abrahamsson T, Matthiesen I, Tybrandt K, Berggren M, Simon DT. Capillary-Fiber Based Electrophoretic Delivery Device. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:14200-14207. [PMID: 30916937 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic electronic ion pumps (OEIPs) are versatile tools for electrophoretic delivery of substances with high spatiotemporal resolution. To date, OEIPs and similar iontronic components have been fabricated using thin-film techniques and often rely on laborious, multistep photolithographic processes. OEIPs have been demonstrated in a variety of in vitro and in vivo settings for controlling biological systems, but the thin-film form factor and limited repertoire of polyelectrolyte materials and device fabrication techniques unnecessarily constrain the possibilities for miniaturization and extremely localized substance delivery, e.g., the greater range of pharmaceutical compounds, on the scale of a single cell. Here, we demonstrate an entirely new OEIP form factor based on capillary fibers that include hyperbranched polyglycerols (dPGs) as the selective electrophoretic membrane. The dPGs enable electrophoretic channels with a high concentration of fixed charges and well-controlled cross-linking and can be realized using a simple "one-pot" fluidic manufacturing protocol. Selective electrophoretic transport of cations and anions of various sizes is demonstrated, including "large" substances that are difficult to transport with other OEIP technologies. We present a method for tailoring and characterizing the electrophoretic channels' fixed charge concentration in the operational state. Subsequently, we compare the experimental performance of these capillary OEIPs to a computational model and explain unexpected features in the ionic current for the transport and delivery of larger, lower-mobility ionic compounds. From this model, we are able to elucidate several operational and design principles relevant to miniaturized electrophoretic drug delivery technologies in general. Overall, the compactness of the capillary OEIP enables electrophoretic delivery devices with probelike geometries, suitable for a variety of ionic compounds, paving the way for less-invasive implantation into biological systems and for healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Poxson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology , Linköping University , 601 74 Norrköping , Sweden
| | - Erik O Gabrielsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology , Linköping University , 601 74 Norrköping , Sweden
| | - Alberto Bonisoli
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology , Linköping University , 601 74 Norrköping , Sweden
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , 56025 Pontedera , Italy
- BioRobotics Institute , Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies , 56025 Pontedera , Italy
| | - Ulrika Linderhed
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology , Linköping University , 601 74 Norrköping , Sweden
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology , Linköping University , 581 83 Linköping , Sweden
- Department of Printed Electronics , RISE Acreo, Research Institutes of Sweden , SE-601 17 Norrköping , Sweden
| | - Tobias Abrahamsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology , Linköping University , 601 74 Norrköping , Sweden
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology , Linköping University , 581 83 Linköping , Sweden
| | - Isabelle Matthiesen
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology , Linköping University , 601 74 Norrköping , Sweden
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology , Linköping University , 601 74 Norrköping , Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology , Linköping University , 601 74 Norrköping , Sweden
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology , Linköping University , 601 74 Norrköping , Sweden
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173
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Urbansky A, Olm F, Scheding S, Laurell T, Lenshof A. Label-free separation of leukocyte subpopulations using high throughput multiplex acoustophoresis. Lab Chip 2019; 19:1406-1416. [PMID: 30869100 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00181f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex separation of mixed cell samples is required in a variety of clinical and research applications. Herein, we present an acoustic microchip with multiple outlets and integrated pre-alignment channel to enable high performance and label-free separation of three different cell or particle fractions simultaneously at high sample throughput. By implementing a new cooling system for rigorous temperature control and minimal acoustic energy losses, we were able to operate the system isothermally and sort suspensions of 3, 5 and 7 μm beads with high efficiencies (>95.4%) and purities (>96.3%) at flow rates up to 500 μL min-1 corresponding to a throughput of ∼2.5 × 106 beads per min. Also, human viable white blood cells were successfully fractionated into lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes with high purities of 96.5 ± 1.6%, 71.8 ± 10.1% and 98.8 ± 0.5%, respectively, as well as high efficiencies (96.8 ± 3.3%, 66.7 ± 3.2% and 99.0 ± 0.7%) at flow rates up to 100 μL min-1 (∼100 000 cells per min). By increasing the flow rate up to 300 μL min-1 (∼300 000 cells per min) both lymphocytes and granulocytes were still recovered with high purities (92.8 ± 1.9%, 98.2 ± 1 .0%), whereas the monocyte purity decreased to 20.9 ± 10.3%. The proposed isothermal multiplex acoustophoresis platform offers efficient fractionation of complex samples in a label-free and continuous manner at thus far unreached high sample throughput rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Urbansky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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174
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Di Franco S, Reina A, De Luca M, Sessa C. [POEMS Syndrome: Nosographic classification and considerations on a clinical case]. G Ital Nefrol 2019; 36:36-2-2019-9. [PMID: 30983176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
POEMS syndrome is a rare multisystemic disease characterised by the coexistence of two main symptoms, polyneuropathy and monoclonal gammopathy, associated with minor symptoms such as organomegaly, endocrinopathy, and skin changes. We describe a patient who presented with symptoms and signs fulfilling the criteria of POEMS. We have carried out a literature review with particular emphasis on its demographic and polymorphic clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonino Reina
- U.O.C. Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale Umberto I Siracusa
| | | | - Concetto Sessa
- U.O.C. di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale "Maggiore" Modica
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175
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Sear RP. Diffusiophoresis in Cells: A General Nonequilibrium, Nonmotor Mechanism for the Metabolism-Dependent Transport of Particles in Cells. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:128101. [PMID: 30978101 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.128101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The more we learn about the cytoplasm of cells, the more we realize that the cytoplasm is not uniform but instead is highly inhomogeneous. In any inhomogeneous solution, there are concentration gradients, and particles move either up or down these gradients due to a mechanism called diffusiophoresis. I estimate that inside metabolically active cells, the dynamics of particles can be strongly accelerated by diffusiophoresis, provided that they are at least tens of nanometers across. The dynamics of smaller objects, such as single proteins, are largely unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Sear
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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176
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Naganuma F, Kroeger D, Bandaru SS, Absi G, Madara JC, Vetrivelan R. Lateral hypothalamic neurotensin neurons promote arousal and hyperthermia. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000172. [PMID: 30893297 PMCID: PMC6426208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and wakefulness are greatly influenced by various physiological and psychological factors, but the neuronal elements responsible for organizing sleep-wake behavior in response to these factors are largely unknown. In this study, we report that a subset of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LH) expressing the neuropeptide neurotensin (Nts) is critical for orchestrating sleep-wake responses to acute psychological and physiological challenges or stressors. We show that selective activation of NtsLH neurons with chemogenetic or optogenetic methods elicits rapid transitions from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep to wakefulness and produces sustained arousal, higher locomotor activity (LMA), and hyperthermia, which are commonly observed after acute stress exposure. On the other hand, selective chemogenetic inhibition of NtsLH neurons attenuates the arousal, LMA, and body temperature (Tb) responses to a psychological stress (a novel environment) and augments the responses to a physiological stress (fasting). A neurotensin-producing subset of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus promote arousal and thermogenesis; these neurons are necessary for appropriate sleep-wake and body temperature responses to various stressors. Adjusting sleep-wake behavior in response to environmental and physiological challenges may not only be of protective value, but can also be vital for the survival of the organism. For example, while it is crucial to increase wake to explore a novel environment to search for potential threats and food sources, it is also necessary to decrease wake and reduce energy expenditure during prolonged absence of food. In this study, we report that a subset of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LH) expressing the neuropeptide neurotensin (Nts) is critical for orchestrating sleep-wake responses to such challenges. We show that brief activation of NtsLH neurons in mice evokes immediate arousals from sleep, while their sustained activation increases wake, locomotor activity, and body temperature for several hours. In contrast, when NtsLH neurons are inhibited, mice are neither able to sustain wake in a novel environment nor able to reduce wake during food deprivation. These data suggest that NtsLH neurons may be necessary for generating appropriate sleep-wake responses to a wide variety of environmental and physiological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumito Naganuma
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daniel Kroeger
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sathyajit S. Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gianna Absi
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph C. Madara
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ramalingam Vetrivelan
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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177
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Faisal M, Vasiljevic T, Donkor ON. A review on methodologies for extraction, identification and quantification of allergenic proteins in prawns. Food Res Int 2019; 121:307-318. [PMID: 31108753 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Prawn allergy is one of the most common food-borne allergies and current prevention is by avoidance. This review paper summarised different methodologies for the extraction, identification and quantification of prawn protein allergens, reported in various research studies. Following extraction, allergenic components have been analysed using well-established methodologies, such as SDS-PAGE, Immunoblotting, ELISA, CD Spectroscopy, HPLC, DBPCFC, SPT etc. Moreover, the preference towards Aptamer-based technique for allergenicity analysis has also been highlighted in this review paper. The summary of these methodologies will provide a reference platform for present and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Faisal
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Institute of Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities and College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Werribee Campus, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia.
| | - T Vasiljevic
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Institute of Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities and College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Werribee Campus, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia.
| | - O N Donkor
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Institute of Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities and College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Werribee Campus, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia.
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178
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Taylor D, Rowe E, Kruijver M, Abarno D, Bright JA, Buckleton J. Inter-sample contamination detection using mixture deconvolution comparison. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 40:160-167. [PMID: 30851600 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A recent publication has provided the ability to compare two mixed DNA profiles and consider their probability of occurrence if they do, compared to if they do not, have a common contributor. This ability has applications to both quality assurance (to test for sample to sample contamination) and for intelligence gathering purposes (did the same unknown offender donate DNA to multiple samples). We use a mixture to mixture comparison tool to investigate the prevalence of sample to sample contamination that could occur from two laboratory mechanisms, one during DNA extraction and one during electrophoresis. By carrying out pairwise comparisons of all samples (deconvoluted using probabilistic genotyping software STRmix™) within extraction or run batches we identify any potential common DNA donors and investigate these with respect to their risk of contamination from the two proposed mechanisms. While not identifying any contamination, we inadvertently find a potential intelligence link between samples, showing the use of a mixture to mixture comparison tool for investigative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Taylor
- Forensic Science SA, GPO Box 2790, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100 Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Emily Rowe
- Forensic Science SA, GPO Box 2790, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Maarten Kruijver
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Private Bag 92021, Auckland 1142, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Damien Abarno
- Forensic Science SA, GPO Box 2790, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100 Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Bright
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Private Bag 92021, Auckland 1142, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Buckleton
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Private Bag 92021, Auckland 1142, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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179
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Bojórquez-Velázquez E, Barrera-Pacheco A, Espitia-Rangel E, Herrera-Estrella A, Barba de la Rosa AP. Protein analysis reveals differential accumulation of late embryogenesis abundant and storage proteins in seeds of wild and cultivated amaranth species. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:59. [PMID: 30727945 PMCID: PMC6366027 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amaranth is a plant naturally resistant to various types of stresses that produces seeds of excellent nutritional quality, so amaranth is a promising system for food production. Amaranth wild relatives have survived climate changes and grow under harsh conditions, however no studies about morphological and molecular characteristics of their seeds are known. Therefore, we carried out a detailed morphological and molecular characterization of wild species A. powellii and A. hybridus, and compared them with the cultivated amaranth species A. hypochondriacus (waxy and non-waxy seeds) and A. cruentus. RESULTS Seed proteins were fractionated according to their polarity properties and were analysed in one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1-DE) followed by nano-liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). A total of 34 differentially accumulated protein bands were detected and 105 proteins were successfully identified. Late embryogenesis abundant proteins were detected as species-specific. Oleosins and oil bodies associated proteins were observed preferentially in A. cruentus. Different isoforms of the granule-bound starch synthase I, and several paralogs of 7S and 11S globulins were also identified. The in silico structural analysis from different isoforms of 11S globulins was carried out, including new types of 11S globulin not reported so far. CONCLUSIONS The results provide novel information about 11S globulins and proteins related in seed protection, which could play important roles in the nutritional value and adaptive tolerance to stress in amaranth species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esaú Bojórquez-Velázquez
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C, 78216 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Alberto Barrera-Pacheco
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C, 78216 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Espitia-Rangel
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, 56250 Texcoco, Estado de México Mexico
| | - Alfredo Herrera-Estrella
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, 36821 Guanajuato, Mexico
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180
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Yu JS, Hong SC, Wu S, Kim HM, Lee C, Lee JS, Lee JE, Kim KB. Differentiation of selectively labeled peptides using solid-state nanopores. Nanoscale 2019; 11:2510-2520. [PMID: 30672547 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09315f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the amino acid sequence of a protein is critical for understanding various biological processes. Mass spectrometry has mainly been used for protein identification; however, there are limitations to its sensitivity when detecting low abundance proteins. In this study, we attempted to distinguish between three similar peptide sequences (∼40 amino acids, ∼5 kDa) that differed only by the location or number of cysteine residues with solid-state nanopores. The cysteine residues are located at one end, one at the center, and at both ends for each of the three peptides. We found that differentiation of the three types of peptides by nanopore signals was difficult. However, when the cysteine residue was labeled with a negatively charged molecule, Flamma® 496, the labeled peptides showed distinct signals for each peptide. Comparing the relative current blockades of labeled peptides with applied voltages, we found that the label was able to change peptide conformations and the resulting ionic current signals from the three labeled peptides were distinguished based on the relative current blockade, full width at half-maximum of the current blockade distribution, and single-molecule level peak shape analysis. Our results suggest that solid-state nanopores combined with a targeted labeling strategy could be used to obtain characteristic peptide signatures that could ultimately be used for protein identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seok Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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181
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Kim HJ, Choi UJ, Kim H, Lee K, Park KB, Kim HM, Kwak DK, Chi SW, Lee JS, Kim KB. Translocation of DNA and protein through a sequentially polymerized polyurea nanopore. Nanoscale 2019; 11:444-453. [PMID: 30398270 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06229c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the translocation of biomolecules, such as DNA and protein, through a sequentially polymerized polyurea nanopore, with a thin (<10 nm) polymer membrane of uniform thickness. The polyurea membrane was synthesized by molecular layer deposition using p-phenylenediisocyanate (PDI) and p-phenylenediamine (PDA) as sequential precursors. The membrane exhibited a hydrophobic surface with a highly negative surface charge density (-51 mC m-2 at pH 8). It was particularly noted that the high surface charge density of the membrane resulted in a highly developed electro-osmotic flow which, in turn, strongly influenced the capture probability of biomolecules, depending on the balance between the electro-osmotic and electrophoretic forces. For instance, the capture frequency of negatively charged DNA was demonstrated to be quite low, since these two forces more or less cancelled each other, whereas that of positively charged MDM2 was much higher, since these two forces were additive. We also identified that the mean translocation time of MDM2 through the polyurea nanopore was 26.1 ± 3.7 μs while that of the SiN nanopore was 14.2 ± 2.0 μs, hence suggesting that the enhanced electrostatic interaction between positively charged MDM2 and the negatively charged pore surface affects the translocation speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Jun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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182
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Winkler I, Andrushko U, Velyka A. Electrophoretic Mobility of Some Tattoo Dyes as an Approach to Remove Their Subcutaneous Traces. J Cosmet Sci 2019; 70:291-298. [PMID: 31829922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The electrokinetic (ζ, zeta) potential was determined for a series of commercial tattoo pigments. A standard experimental method involving the measuring of the level difference formed in a U-shaped tube filled with a solution containing the dye after application of some potential difference was used to find ζ-potential values. All of them were negative and sufficiently large to ensure electrophoretic mobility of the pigment particles in a special gelatin-based electrophoretic bed. Gelatin-based beds, one containing a pigment and the other without the pigment, were set side by side in a microelectrophoretic cell. The application of relatively low potential difference (20-25 V) provoked the migration of the pigment in the gelatin bed without pigment for as much as 10 mm after a 40-minute long electrophoresis. The intensity of the color of the pigment did decrease noticeably. These results seem to indicate the potential applicability of the reported method for the elimination of old and/or unwanted tattoo and of tattoo traces left after previous manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Winkler
- Bucovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58000, Ukraine (I.W., A.V.), Yuriy Fedkovych National University of Chernivtsi, Chernivtsi 58012, Ukraine (U.A.)
| | - Ulyana Andrushko
- Bucovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58000, Ukraine (I.W., A.V.), Yuriy Fedkovych National University of Chernivtsi, Chernivtsi 58012, Ukraine (U.A.)
| | - Alla Velyka
- Bucovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58000, Ukraine (I.W., A.V.), Yuriy Fedkovych National University of Chernivtsi, Chernivtsi 58012, Ukraine (U.A.)
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183
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Karimi N, Kharaziha M, Raeissi K. Electrophoretic deposition of chitosan reinforced graphene oxide-hydroxyapatite on the anodized titanium to improve biological and electrochemical characteristics. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2018; 98:140-152. [PMID: 30813014 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan reinforced hydroxyapatite-graphene oxide (CS-GO-HA) nanocomposite coatings were developed using electrophoretic deposition process in order to improve the biological and electrochemical properties of Ti surface. Moreover, the role of anodized layer on the physical and electrochemical properties of the CS-GO-HA nanocomposite coating was evaluated. After synthesize of HA-GO nanopowder using a sol-gel process, nanocomposite coatings with various concentrations of chitosan (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/ml) were produced. Increasing the chitosan content lowered the deposition rate of HA-GO nanoparticles, reduced the coating thickness and diminished apatite-formation ability and biocompatibility. Noticeably, MG63 cell viability significantly reduced form 119.3 ± 5.1 (% control) to 51.9 ± 14.8 (% control), when the chitosan concentration increased from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/ml. In addition, the CS-GO-HA coating containing 0.5 mg/ml chitosan revealed the best barrier property owing to the less crack formation. Furthermore, anodizing of titanium substrate and formation of TiO2 nanotube (TiNT) resulted in the formation of crack-free and homogeneous CS-GO-HA coatings without any observable defect. Moreover, the TiNT formation noticeably improved barrier resistance of the coating (6.7 times) due to better adhesion governed between coating and substrate. Our results confirmed that the surface modification using both anodizing of Ti substrate and electrophoretic deposition of ternary CS-GO-HA nanocomposite coating with 0.5 mg/ml chitosan successfully improves electrochemical properties, bioactivity and cell function, which makes it promising for bone implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Karimi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - M Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - K Raeissi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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184
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Abstract
Bacterial deposition and transport are key to microbial ecology and biotechnological applications. We therefore tested whether electrokinetic forces (electroosmotic shear force ( FEOF), electrophoretic drag force ( FEP)) acting on bacteria may be used to control bacterial deposition during transport in laboratory percolation columns exposed to external direct current (DC) electric fields. For different bacteria, yet similar experimental conditions we observed that DC fields either enhanced or reduced bacterial deposition efficiencies (α) relative to DC-free controls. By calculating the DLVO force of colloidal interactions, FEOF, FEP, and the hydraulic shear forces acting on single cells at a collector surface we found that DC-induced changes of α correlated to | FEOF| to | FEP| ratios: If | FEOF| > | FEP|, α was clearly increased and if | FEOF| < | FEP| α was clearly decreased. Our findings allow for better prediction of the forces acting on a bacterium at collector surface and, hence, the electrokinetic control of microbial deposition in natural and manmade ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Shan
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department of Environmental Microbiology , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Hauke Harms
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department of Environmental Microbiology , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Lukas Y Wick
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department of Environmental Microbiology , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
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185
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Liu X, Wang L, Xu X, Zhao H, Jiang W. Endogenous Stimuli-Responsive Nucleus-Targeted Nanocarrier for Intracellular mRNA Imaging and Drug Delivery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:39524-39531. [PMID: 30362711 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance arising from overexpressed efflux transporters increases the efflux of drugs and accordingly restricts the efficacy of chemotherapy. Advances in nanocarriers have provided potential strategies to cope with drug resistance. Herein, endogenous stimuli-responsive nucleus-targeted nanocarrier is developed for intracellular multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) mRNA imaging and drug delivery. This nanocarrier (AuNP-mRS-DSs) is composed of three parts: (i) gold nanoparticle (AuNP), for loading DNA and quenching fluorescence; (ii) mRNA recognition sequence (mRS) modified on the surface of gold nanoparticle by gold-thiol bond, for the specific recognition of MRP1 mRNA; (iii) detachable subunit (DS), hybridized with Cy5-labeled DNA linker and nucleolin recognition motif and grafted onto mRS via the DNA linker for loading doxorubicin (Dox), binding to nucleolin, and reporting signal. First, nucleolin recognition motif of this nanocarrier targets nucleolin, which is overexpressed on cancer cells surface; subsequently, the whole nanocarrier enters the cell via nucleolin-mediated internalization. Subsequently, mRS will specifically recognize overexpressed MRP1 mRNA, leading to the release of trapped DS and followed by AuNP-quenched Cy5 fluorescence recovery. Finally, by translocation of nucleolin from cytoplasm to nucleus, the DS targets nucleus to delivery Dox. By intracellular fluorescence imaging, the differentiation of drug-resistant and nondrug-resistant cells could be achieved. Compared with free Dox (IC50 > 8.00 μM), Dox-loaded AuNP-mRS-DSs (IC50 = 2.20 μM) performed superior suppression efficacy toward drug-resistant cancer cells. Such a nanocarrier provides an effective strategy to synergistically sense and circumvent drug resistance, which may be exploited as a candidate for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Shandong University , Jinan 250012 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Shandong University , Jinan 250012 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Shandong University , Jinan 250012 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , P. R. China
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186
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Abstract
Concentrating diluted samples is a key step to improve detection capabilities. The wise use of scaling laws shows the advantages of working with sub-microliter-sized samples. Rapid progress in MEMS technologies has driven the design of integrated platforms performing many biochemical operations. Here we report a new concentrator device based on electro-hydrodynamic forces which can be easily integrated into electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) platforms. This approach is label-free and applicable to a wide range of micro-objects. The detection and analysis of two common waterborne parasites, Cryptosporidium and Giardia, is a perfect test case due to their global health relevance. By fully controlling the interplay of the various forces acting on the micron-sized Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium muris oocysts, we show that it is possible to concentrate them on the side of a 10 μL initial drop and then extract them efficiently from a droplet of a few hundred nanoliters. We performed a finite element modeling of the forces acting on the parasites' oocysts to optimize the electrodes' shapes. We obtained state-of-the-art concentration factors of 12 ± 0.4 times and 2 to 4 times in the sub-region of the drop and the extracted droplet, respectively, with an efficiency of 70 ± 6%. Furthermore, this device had the ability to selectively concentrate parasites of different species out of a mix. We demonstrated this by segregating C. parvum oocysts from either Giardia lamblia cysts or its related species, C. muris oocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Lejard-Malki
- CNRS, ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, Univ. Lille, Avenue Poincaré, C.S. 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, Lille F-59000, France.
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187
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188
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Maurício da Fonseca MJ, Jurak E, Kataja K, Master ER, Berrin JG, Stals I, Desmet T, Van Landschoot A, Briers Y. Analysis of the substrate specificity of α-L-arabinofuranosidases by DNA sequencer-aided fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10091-10102. [PMID: 30267127 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzyme discovery is often not accompanied by experimental validation, demonstrating the need for techniques to analyze substrate specificities of carbohydrate-active enzymes in an efficient manner. DNA sequencer-aided fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (DSA-FACE) is utmost appropriate for the analysis of glycoside hydrolases that have complex substrate specificities. DSA-FACE is demonstrated here to be a highly convenient method for the precise identification of the specificity of different α-L-arabinofuranosidases for (arabino)xylo-oligosaccharides ((A)XOS). The method was validated with two α-L-arabinofuranosidases (EC 3.2.1.55) with well-known specificity, specifically a GH62 α-L-arabinofuranosidase from Aspergillus nidulans (AnAbf62A-m2,3) and a GH43 α-L-arabinofuranosidase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis (BaAXH-d3). Subsequently, application of DSA-FACE revealed the AXOS specificity of two α-L-arabinofuranosidases with previously unknown AXOS specificities. PaAbf62A, a GH62 α-L-arabinofuranosidase from Podospora anserina strain S mat+, was shown to target the O-2 and the O-3 arabinofuranosyl monomers as side chain from mono-substituted β-D-xylosyl residues, whereas a GH43 α-L-arabinofuranosidase from a metagenomic sample (AGphAbf43) only removes an arabinofuranosyl monomer from the smallest AXOS tested. DSA-FACE excels ionic chromatography in terms of detection limit for (A)XOS (picomolar sensitivity), hands-on and analysis time, and the analysis of the degree of polymerization and binding site of the arabinofuranosyl substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edita Jurak
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kim Kataja
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Emma R Master
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRA, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 BBF, Marseille, France
| | - Ingeborg Stals
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Yves Briers
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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189
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Marcus SL, Miyata KS, Rachubinski RA, Capone JP. Transactivation by PPAR/RXR heterodimers in yeast is potentiated by exogenous fatty acid via a pathway requiring intact peroxisomes. Gene Expr 2018; 4:227-39. [PMID: 7787415 PMCID: PMC6134384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are orphan members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. PPARs bind to cognate response elements through heterodimerization with retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Together PPAR/RXR regulate the transcription of genes for which products are involved in lipid homeostasis, cell growth, and differentiation. PPARs are activated by fatty acids and by nongenotoxic rodent hepatocarcinogens called peroxisome proliferators through as of yet undefined signal transduction pathways. In an effort to elucidate the requirements for PPAR function and the pathways of its activation, we expressed mouse PPAR alpha and human RXR alpha in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mouse PPAR alpha and human RXR alpha had little activity individually in yeast; however, when cosynthesized, they were able to synergistically activate transcription via cognate response elements. Transactivation was independent of exogenously added activators of either receptor but was potentiated by the addition of petroselinic acid, a fatty acid shown to activate PPARs in mammalian cells. Similar experiments were carried out in a mutant yeast strain lacking peroxisomes entirely or in a mutant strain deficient for 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, the final enzyme of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation cascade. The findings showed that constitutive transactivation by PPAR/RXR did not require the complete beta-oxidation pathway or intact peroxisomes but required intact peroxisomes for potentiation by exogenously added petroselinic acid. This study demonstrates that at least part of the mammalian peroxisome proliferator-signaling pathway can be faithfully reconstituted in yeast and that activation of PPAR by at least one particular fatty acid requires the integrity of peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Marcus
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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190
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Chami B, Socol M, Manghi M, Bancaud A. Modeling of DNA transport in viscoelastic electro-hydrodynamic flows for enhanced size separation. Soft Matter 2018; 14:5069-5079. [PMID: 29873390 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00611c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA separation and analysis have advanced over recent years, benefiting from microfluidic systems that reduce sample volumes and analysis costs, essential for sequencing and disease identification in body fluids. We recently developed the μLAS technology that enables the separation, concentration, and analysis of nucleic acids with high sensitivity. The technology combines a hydrodynamic flow actuation and an opposite electrophoretic force in viscoelastic polymer solutions. Combining hydrodynamics first principles and statistical mechanics, we provide, in this paper, a quantitative model of DNA transport capable of predicting device performance with the exclusive use of one adjustable parameter associated with the amplitude of transverse viscoelastic forces. The model proves to be in remarkable agreement with DNA separation experiments, and allows us to define optimal conditions that result in a maximal resolution length of 7 bp. We finally discuss the usefulness of our model for separation technologies involving viscoelastic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chami
- LAAS-CNRS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, BP 54200, 31031 Toulouse Cedex, France.
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191
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Mir IA, Radhakrishanan VS, Rawat K, Prasad T, Bohidar HB. Bandgap Tunable AgInS based Quantum Dots for High Contrast Cell Imaging with Enhanced Photodynamic and Antifungal Applications. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9322. [PMID: 29921973 PMCID: PMC6008435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a facile microwave-assisted synthesis of cadmium-free water-soluble silver indium sulfide (AgInS2 or AIS) and AgInS@ZnS (or AIS@ZnS) core-shell quantum dots (QDs) using glutathione (GSH) as stabilizer. The core and core-shell nanocrystals exhibit tunable bandgap ranging of 2.3-3.1 and 2.4-3.5 eV, mean particle size of 2.5 and 3.25 nm, quantum yield of 26% and 49%, and fluorescence lifetimes of 326 and 438 ns, respectively. The core-shell QDs exhibit color-tunable emission in the visible region (500 to 600 nm), where the tunability was achieved by varying the molar ratio of Ag:In in the precursors. In vitro evaluation of antifungal activity of these water/ buffer stable QDs against the fungal pathogen, Candida albicans demonstrated that these were not toxic to the fungal cells upto a concentration of 100 µg/ml for 16 hours of incubation. Confocal imaging and spectrofluorometric studies showed enhanced fluorescence inside the microbial cells suggesting that AIS@ZnS particles had the capability to easily penetrate the cells. The increased generation of reactive oxygen species was evaluated for the core-shell QDs (photosensitizers) by using 9, 10-anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid (ABMDMA) as singlet oxygen (1O2) scavenger molecule. These QDs have the potential for use as high contrast cell imaging, photodynamic and antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad Mir
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - V S Radhakrishanan
- Advanced Instrument Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamla Rawat
- Special Centre for Nano Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulika Prasad
- Advanced Instrument Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
- Special Centre for Nano Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - H B Bohidar
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
- Special Centre for Nano Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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192
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Chauzeix J, Laforêt M, Deveza M, Crowther L, Marcellaud E, Derouault P, Lia A, Boyer F, Bargues N, Olombel G, Jaccard A, Feuillard J, Gachard N, Rizzo D. Normal serum protein electrophoresis and mutated IGHV genes detect very slowly evolving chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2621-2628. [PMID: 29745034 PMCID: PMC6010869 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 35 years after the Binet classification, there is still a need for simple prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here, we studied the treatment-free survival (TFS) impact of normal serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) at diagnosis. One hundred twelve patients with CLL were analyzed. The main prognostic factors (Binet stage; lymphocytosis; IGHV mutation status; TP53, SF3B1, NOTCH1, and BIRC3 mutations; and cytogenetic abnormalities) were studied. The frequencies of IGHV mutation status, cytogenetic abnormalities, and TP53, SF3B1, NOTCH1, and BIRC3 mutations were not significantly different between normal and abnormal SPE. Normal SPE was associated with Binet stage A, nonprogressive disease for 6 months, lymphocytosis below 30 G/L, and the absence of the IGHV3-21 gene rearrangement which is associated with poor prognosis. The TFS of patients with normal SPE was significantly longer than that of patients with abnormal SPE (log-rank test: P = 0.0015, with 51% untreated patients at 5.6 years and a perfect plateau afterward vs. a median TFS at 2.64 years for abnormal SPE with no plateau). Multivariate analysis using two different Cox models and bootstrapping showed that normal SPE was an independent good prognostic marker for either Binet stage, lymphocytosis, or IGHV mutation status. TFS was further increased when both normal SPE and mutated IGHV were present (log-rank test: P = 0.008, median not reached, plateau at 5.6 years and 66% untreated patients). A comparison with other prognostic markers suggested that normal SPE could reflect slowly advancing CLL disease. Altogether, our results show that a combination of normal SPE and mutated IGHV genes defines a subgroup of patients with CLL who evolve very slowly and who might never need treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Blood Proteins
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Electrophoresis
- Female
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/blood
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Chauzeix
- Hématologie BiologiqueCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de LimogesLimogesFrance
- Faculté de Médecine de LimogesUMR CNRS 7276 CRIBLLimogesFrance
| | | | - Mélanie Deveza
- Hématologie BiologiqueCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de LimogesLimogesFrance
| | - Liam Crowther
- Faculté de Médecine de LimogesUMR CNRS 7276 CRIBLLimogesFrance
| | | | | | | | - François Boyer
- Faculté de Médecine de LimogesUMR CNRS 7276 CRIBLLimogesFrance
| | - Nicolas Bargues
- Hématologie BiologiqueCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de LimogesLimogesFrance
| | - Guillaume Olombel
- Faculté de Médecine de LimogesUMR CNRS 7276 CRIBLLimogesFrance
- ImmunologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de LimogesLimogesFrance
| | - Arnaud Jaccard
- Faculté de Médecine de LimogesUMR CNRS 7276 CRIBLLimogesFrance
- Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie CellulaireCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de LimogesLimogesFrance
| | - Jean Feuillard
- Hématologie BiologiqueCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de LimogesLimogesFrance
- Faculté de Médecine de LimogesUMR CNRS 7276 CRIBLLimogesFrance
| | - Nathalie Gachard
- Hématologie BiologiqueCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de LimogesLimogesFrance
- Faculté de Médecine de LimogesUMR CNRS 7276 CRIBLLimogesFrance
| | - David Rizzo
- Hématologie BiologiqueCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de LimogesLimogesFrance
- Faculté de Médecine de LimogesUMR CNRS 7276 CRIBLLimogesFrance
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193
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Sharma A, Behrens SH, Chernoff YO, Bommarius AS. Modulation of the Formation of Aβ- and Sup35NM-Based Amyloids by Complex Interplay of Specific and Nonspecific Ion Effects. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:4972-4981. [PMID: 29668283 PMCID: PMC6932987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In vitro formation of highly ordered protein aggregates, amyloids, is influenced by the presence of ions. Here, we have studied the effect of anions on amyloid fibril formation by two different amyloidogenic proteins, human amyloid beta-42 (Aβ42), associated with Alzheimer disease and produced recombinantly with an N-terminal methionine (Met-Aβ42), and histidine-tagged NM fragment of Sup35 protein (Sup35NM-His6), a yeast release factor controlling protein-based inheritance, at pH values above and below their isoelectric points. We demonstrate here that pH plays a critical role in determining the effect of ions on the aggregation of Met-Aβ42 and Sup35NM-His6. Further, the electrophoretic mobilities of Met-Aβ42 and Sup35NM-His6 were measured in the presence of different anions at pH above and below the isoelectric points to understand how anions interact with these proteins when they bear a net positive or negative charge. We find that although ion-protein interactions generally follow expectations based on the anion positions within the Hofmeister series, there are qualitative differences in the aggregation behavior of Met-Aβ42 and Sup35NM-His6. These differences arise from a competition between nonspecific charge neutralization and screening effects and specific ion adsorption and can be explained by the different biochemical and biophysical properties of Met-Aβ42 and Sup35NM-His6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Bioengineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Sven H. Behrens
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Bioengineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yury O. Chernoff
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology and Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Andreas S. Bommarius
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Bioengineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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194
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Feng Z, Liu X, Tan L, Cui Z, Yang X, Li Z, Zheng Y, Yeung KWK, Wu S. Electrophoretic Deposited Stable Chitosan@MoS 2 Coating with Rapid In Situ Bacteria-Killing Ability under Dual-Light Irradiation. Small 2018; 14:e1704347. [PMID: 29682895 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Developing in situ disinfection methods in vivo to avoid drug-resistant bacteria and tissue toxicity is an urgent need. Here, the photodynamic and photothermal properties of the chitosan-assisted MoS2 (CS@MoS2 ) hybrid coating are simultaneously inspired to endow metallic Ti implants with excellent surface self-antibacterial capabilities. This coating, irradiated by only 660 nm visible light (VL) for 10 min, exhibits an antibacterial efficacy of 91.58% and 92.52% against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), respectively. The corresponding value is 64.67% and 57.44%, respectively, after irradiation by a single 808 nm near infrared light for the same amount of time. However, the combined irradiation using both lights can significantly enhance the efficiency up to 99.84% and 99.65% against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, which can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of photodynamic and photothermal actions. The former produces single oxygen species under 660 nm VL while the latter induces a rise in temperature of implants, which can inhibit the growth of both E. coli and S. aureus. The introduction of CS can also promote the biocompatibility of implants, which provides a facile, rapid, and safe in situ bacteria-killing method in vivo without needing a second surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhou Feng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xianjin Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System and Department of Materials, Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kelvin Wai Kwok Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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195
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Fagnani R, de Araújo JPA, Botaro BG. Field findings about milk ethanol stability: a first report of interrelationship between α-lactalbumin and lactose. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:2787-2792. [PMID: 29124776 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk ethanol stability is not only associated with microbiological acidification, but is a phenomenon with many variables that influence the balance of soluble salts, mainly calcium ion activity. On this basis, we wanted to find out more about milk ethanol stability by studying its relationship with milk protein fractions and others major components. The influence of milk composition on ethanol stability was assessed through a predictive model comprising 180 individual raw milk samples. An additional model was used to assess the ethanol stability status as a response to the proteins fractions quantified by electrophoresis. RESULTS Of the total samples, 68% were classified as stable and 32% as unstable to alcohol. Milk ethanol instability increased at low values of lactose content and high values of ash percentage. α-Lactalbumin (α-La) was also associated with ethanol stability, and the higher the α-La percentage the lower were the chances of ethanol instability. CONCLUSION The lower values of α-La in unstable milk samples might be related to lower content of lactose, as α-La promotes lactose synthesis, a key component for the osmotic balance of milk and thus its ethanol stability. This is the first field report linking ethanol stability indirectly with α-La. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fagnani
- Master of Dairy Science and Technology Degree Program, Unopar University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Garcia Botaro
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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196
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Abstract
Results are referred on the electrophoretic behaviour of Rous sarcoma extracts. The supernatant obtained by serial centrifugations of the extracts (some of which at high speedness) has six components with the following mobilities: 10,3; 8,3; 6,5; 4,5; 2,3; and 0,4 × 10−5 cm2 volt−1sec−1. Such components are respectively: polysaccharidic acids, nucleic acids, nucleoproteins, albumins, globulins and hemogloblin. The experiments carried out for the study of the infectiousness showed that the tumor induction is correlated with the fraction which may be separated by electrophoresis and is characterized by the ultraviolet spectrum of nucleic substances.
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197
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Kamei M, Misawa A, Arai J, Kamakura K, Taketa K. Erythrina Cristagalli Lectin-reactive α-fetoprotein-E2: A Marker of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Other Malignancies. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 13:24-9. [PMID: 9681296 DOI: 10.1177/172460089801300105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A newly isolated lectin Erythrina cristagalli (ECL) was tested for separation of human α-fetoprotein (AFP) glycoforms by affinity electrophoresis at 0.5 mg/ml and separated AFP bands were detected by antibody-affinity blotting. Three AFP bands, AFP-E1, AFP-E2 and AFP-E3 in order of increasing affinity, were obtained. Sera from control patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis gave a major band of AFP-E1 and a minor or trace band of AFP-E2 (3.4±2.3%), while those from patients with mostly advanced hepatocellular carcinomas had increased proportions of AFP-E2 band (16.6±10.2%). With a cutoff level of 8% (mean+2SD of AFP-E2 for controls), the sensitivity for hepatocellular carcinoma was 72% at a specificity of 100%. Gastrointestinal tumors had much higher percentages of AFP-E2 and occasionally positive AFP-E3. Most of the yolk sac tumors examined showed AFP-E3 in addition to AFP-E2, although AFP-E3 was a minor band. Thus, AFP-E2 is potentially a clinically useful marker for differentiation of increased AFP in hepatocellular carcinoma and other malignancies from that in precancerous chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kamei
- Honen Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
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198
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Belhomme N, Jouneau S, Bouzillé G, Decaux O, Lederlin M, Guillot S, Perlat A, Jégo P. Role of serum immunoglobulins for predicting sarcoidosis outcome: A cohort study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193122. [PMID: 29641520 PMCID: PMC5894960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease which carries variable outcomes. Serum protein electrophoresis is an easily accessible and routinely performed examination at diagnosis, in order to search for hypergammaglobulinemia, which is frequently found, and to rule out other granulomatous diseases such as common variable immunodeficiency. We aimed to assess the impact of baseline immunoglobulin level on the outcome of sarcoidosis. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort-study, at Rennes University Hospital, in which all newly diagnosed patients for whom a serum protein electrophoresis had been performed at baseline were enrolled, from 2006 to 2014. The main outcome was the need for corticosteroid treatment within 2 years from diagnosis, the secondary outcome was the occurrence of relapse among treated patients. Results Eighty patients were included in the study, and 41.25% of them exhibited an elevated globulins rate. In univariate analysis, an elevated ACE level >70 U/l, Afro-Caribbean origin, and extra-pulmonary involvement, were associated with the need for corticosteroid treatment. In multivariate analysis, only ACE elevation (OR = 1.03, IC95% 1.01–1.05, p = 0.009) and extra-pulmonary involvement (OR = 5.8, IC95% 1.4–24, p = 0.015) were significant. Immunoglobulin level was not associated with the main outcome. Regarding the secondary outcome, none of the studied features were predictive of relapse among the 34 treated patients followed for two years. Conclusions There was no relation between the immunoglobulin level at diagnosis and the evolution of sarcoidosis. An elevated ACE level and the presence of initial extra-pulmonary involvement were both associated with a more severe course of the disease necessitating a corticosteroid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Belhomme
- Internal Medicine Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
- University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Stéphane Jouneau
- University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France. University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- INSERM-IRSET UMR1085, Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Bouzillé
- INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes, France
- CHU Rennes, CIC Inserm 1414, Rennes, France
- CHU Rennes, Centre de Données Cliniques, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Decaux
- Internal Medicine Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
- University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Mathieu Lederlin
- University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France
- Department of Radiology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphanie Guillot
- Department of Respiratory Physiology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Antoinette Perlat
- Internal Medicine Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Jégo
- Internal Medicine Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
- University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- INSERM-IRSET UMR1085, Rennes, France
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Sifi M, Benabdesselam R, Souttou S, Annese T, Rendon A, Nico B, Dorbani-Mamine L. Dystrophin 71 and α1syntrophin in morpho-functional plasticity of rat supraoptic nuclei: Effect of saline surcharge and reversibly normal hydration. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:187-195. [PMID: 29395317 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dystrophin (Dp) is a multidomain protein that links the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix through the dystrophin associated proteins complex (DAPC). Dp of 71 kDa (Dp71), corresponding to the COOH-terminal domain of dystrophin, and α1-syntrophin (α1Syn) as the principal component of the DAPC, are strongly expressed in the brain. To clarify their involvement in the central control of osmotic homeostasis, we investigated the effect of 14 days of salt loading (with drinking water containing 2% NaCl) and then reversibly to 30 days of normal hydration (with drinking water without salt), first on the expression by western-blotting and the distribution by immunochemistry of Dp71 and α1Syn in the SON of the rat and, second, on the level of some physiological parameters, as the plasma osmolality, natremia and hematocrit. Dp71 is the most abundant form of dystrophin revealed in the supraoptic nucleu (SON) of control rat. Dp71 was localized in magnocellular neurons (MCNs) and astrocytes, when α1Syn was observed essentially in astrocytes end feet. After 14 days of salt-loading, Dp71 and α1Syn signals decreased and a dual signal for these two proteins was revealed in the astrocytes processes SON surrounding blood capillaries. In addition, salt loading leads to an increase in plasma osmolality, natremia and hematocrit. Reversibly, after 30 days of normal hydration, the intensity of the signal for the two proteins, Dp71 and α1Syn, increased and approached that of control. Furtheremore, the levels of the physiological parameters decreased and approximated those of control. This suggests that Dp71 and α1Syn may be involved in the functional activity of the SON. Their localization in astrocyte end feet emphasizes their importance in neuronal-vascular-astrocyte interactions for the central detection of osmolality. In the SON, Dp71 and α1Syn may be involved in osmosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madina Sifi
- Equipe de Neurochimie, LBPO, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, USTHB, Alger, Algeria
| | - Roza Benabdesselam
- Equipe de Neurochimie, LBPO, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, USTHB, Alger, Algeria; Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques et Agronomiques, UMMTO, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria.
| | - Sabrina Souttou
- Equipe de Neurochimie, LBPO, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, USTHB, Alger, Algeria
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organes, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Alvaro Rendon
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire de la Retine, INSERM UMRS-592, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Beatrice Nico
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organes, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Latifa Dorbani-Mamine
- Equipe de Neurochimie, LBPO, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, USTHB, Alger, Algeria
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200
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Balbi T, Cortese K, Ciacci C, Bellese G, Vezzulli L, Pruzzo C, Canesi L. Autophagic processes in Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes: Effects of Vibrio tapetis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 73:66-74. [PMID: 29208501 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved and regulated catabolic process involved in maintaining cell homeostasis in response to different stressors. The autophagic machinery is also used as an innate immune mechanism against microbial infection. In invertebrates, that lack acquired immunity, autophagy may thus play a key role in the protection against potential pathogens. In aquatic molluscs, evidence has been provided for induction of autophagy by starvation and different environmental stressors; however, no information is available on autophagic pathways in the immune cells, the hemocytes. In this work, the autophagic processes were investigated in the hemocytes of the marine bivalve, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The effects of classical inducers/inhibitors of mammalian autophagy were first tested. Rapamycin induced a decrease in lysosomal membrane stability-LMS that was prevented by the autophagy inhibitor Wortmannin. Increased MDC fluorescence and expression of LC3-II were also observed. Moreover, responses to in vitro challenge with the bivalve pathogen Vibrio tapetis were evaluated. Mussel hemocytes were unable to activate the immune response towards V. tapetis; however, bacterial challenge induced a moderate decrease in LMS, corresponding to lysosomal activation but no cytotoxicity; the effect was prevented by Wortmannin. TEM observations showed that V. tapetis resulted in rapid formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Accordingly, increased LC3-II expression, decreased levels of phosphorylated mTor and of p62 were observed. The results represent the first evidence for autophagic processes in bivalve hemocytes in response to bacterial challenge, and underline the protective role of autophagy towards potential pathogenic vibrios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Balbi
- Dept. of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Caterina Ciacci
- Dept. of Biomolecular Sciences (DISBM), University of Urbino, Italy
| | - Grazia Bellese
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi Vezzulli
- Dept. of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Carla Pruzzo
- Dept. of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Canesi
- Dept. of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Italy.
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