101
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Li X, Wu X. Psychological characteristics of parents in a Paediatric Outpatient during the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 26:114-118. [PMID: 33201740 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1849747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
With the outbreak and spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), there has been a significant increase in the number of children infected, and some severe infection cases and neonatal cases have been reported. The parents or other family members who come to our paediatric clinic inevitably experience panic, tension and anxiety. The generation of these emotions has seriously affected the normal order of outpatient treatment and has led to many children not receiving an accurate diagnosis or proper treatment. This situation is not conducive to the control of the epidemic or the children's physical and mental health. Through summarizing parents' behaviours and emotional characteristics during the epidemic period, we hope to develop relevant coping and nursing strategies to ensure better control of the epidemic and to protect the physical and mental health of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- Paediatric Outpatient, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children , Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobin Wu
- Paediatric Outpatient, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children , Chongqing, China
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102
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Qiu Y, Qin H, Ying M, Xu K, Ren J. WeChat-based health education to improve health knowledge in three major infectious diseases among residents: a multicentre case-controlled protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037046. [PMID: 33148723 PMCID: PMC7643496 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health literacy (HL) in infectious diseases is inadequate in China. Since the first nationwide survey of HL conducted in China, great efforts have been made. However, the rate of HL in infectious diseases was 16.06% in 2017. In contrast, with an HL rate of 15.85% in 2008, no significant effect was observed over 10 years. With an increasing number of internet users, we aim to assess the effects of WeChat-based health education for the promotion of partial HL-health knowledge in infectious diseases. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A total of 2160 residents aged 15-69 years old will be enrolled in this study. The primary outcome measures will be the rate of health knowledge in infectious disease. The follow-up period is 3 years. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University. The findings of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- General Practice Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Qin
- General Practice Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meike Ying
- General Practice Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaijin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment Of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- General Practice Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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103
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Dong Y, Ma Y, Hu P, Dong B, Zou Z, Yang Y, Xu R, Wang Z, Yang Z, Wen B, Tan M, He FJ, Song Y, Ma J, Sawyer SM, Patton GC. Ethnicity, socioeconomic status and the nutritional status of Chinese children and adolescents: Findings from three consecutive national surveys between 2005 and 2014. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12664. [PMID: 32543108 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Economic development has brought rapid shifts in the food environment of Chinese children and adolescents. OBJECTIVES To assess the changes in childhood nutritional status across ethnic groups and economic status from 2005 to 2014. METHODS 664 094 Chinese Han and 224 151 ethnic minority children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years were assessed in three national cross-sectional surveys (2005, 2010 and 2014). Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of each ethnic group was categorized into four strata of socioeconomic status. To assess ethnic disparities at each time point, we used logistic regression to estimate the prevalence odds ratios (OR) for thinness, overweight and obesity in the 24 ethnic minority groups vs Han Chinese. RESULTS Children in the two upper economic strata (over about US$4000 GDP per capita) had a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, while those in the two lower economic strata (below US$4000 GDP per capita) had a high prevalence of thinness. From 2005 to 2014, the prevalence of thinness decreased from 18.6% to 13.1% in Han children, and from 20.4% to 17.1% in ethnic minority students. At the same time, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 10.4% to 17.7% in Han children, and from 4.3% to 9.2% in ethnic minority students, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A rapid nutritional transition has occurred from 2005 to 2014 with shifts from thinness to overweight and obesity in both Han and ethnic minority children and adolescents, reflecting local GDP per capita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Peijin Hu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yide Yang
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Rongbin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhenghe Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaogeng Yang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Monique Tan
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Feng J He
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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104
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Ling W, Huang Y, Huang YM, Fan RR, Sui Y, Zhao HL. Global trend of diabetes mortality attributed to vascular complications, 2000-2016. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:182. [PMID: 33081808 PMCID: PMC7573870 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The global epidemic of diabetes mellitus continues to grow and affects developed and developing countries alike. Intensive glycemic control is thought to modify the risks for vascular complications, hence the risks for diabetes-related death. We investigated the trend of diabetic vascular complication-related deaths between 2000 and 2016 in the global diabetes landscape. Methods We collected 17 years of death certificates data from 108 countries in the World Health Organization mortality database between 2000 and 2016, with coding for diabetic complications. Crude and age-standardized proportions and rates were calculated. Trend analysis was done with annual average percentage change (AAPC) of rates computed by joinpoint regression. Results From 2000 through 2016, 7,108,145 deaths of diabetes were reported in the 108 countries. Among them, 26.8% (1,904,787 cases) were attributed to vascular complications in damaged organs, including the kidneys (1,355,085 cases, 71.1%), peripheral circulatory (515,293 cases, 27.1%), nerves (28,697 cases, 1.5%) and eyes (5751 cases, 0.3%). Overall, the age-standardized proportion of vascular complication-related mortality was 267.8 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 267.5–268.1] cases per 1000 deaths and the rate was 53.6 (95% CI 53.5–53.7) cases per 100,000 person-years. Throughout the 17-year period, the overall age-standardized proportions of deaths attributable to vascular complications had increased 37.9%, while the overall age-standardized mortality rates related to vascular complications had increased 30.8% (AAPC = 1.9% [1.4–2.4%, p < 0.05]). These increases were predominantly driven by a 159.8% increase in the rate (AAPC = 2.7% [1.2–4.3%, p < 0.05]) from renal complications. Trends in the rates and AAPC of deaths varied by type of diabetes and of complications, as well as by countries, regions and domestic income. Conclusion Diabetic vascular complication-related deaths had increased substantially during 2000–2016, mainly driven by the increased mortality of renal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, China.,Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, China
| | - Yan-Mei Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rong-Rong Fan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yi Sui
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Hai-Lu Zhao
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, China. .,Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, China.
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105
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Song Y, Wang D, Zhang Y, Han Z, Xiao J, Lu H, Yan D, Ji T, Yang Q, Zhu S, Xu W. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Coxsackievirus A8 Circulating in China and Worldwide Reveals a Highly Divergent Genotype. Viruses 2020; 12:E1061. [PMID: 32977444 PMCID: PMC7598191 DOI: 10.3390/v12101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A8 (CV-A8) is one of the pathogens associated with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina (HA), occasionally leading to severe neurological disorders such as acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Only one study aimed at CV-A8 has been published to date, and only 12 whole-genome sequences are publicly available. In this study, complete genome sequences from 11 CV-A8 strains isolated from HFMD patients in extensive regions from China between 2013 and 2018 were determined, and all sequences from GenBank were retrieved. A phylogenetic analysis based on a total of 34 complete VP1 sequences of CV-A8 revealed five genotypes: A, B, C, D and E. The newly emerging genotype E presented a highly phylogenetic divergence compared with the other genotypes and was composed of the majority of the strains sequenced in this study. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis revealed that genotype E has been evolving for nearly a century and somehow arose in approximately 2010. The Bayesian skyline plot showed that the population size of CV-A8 has experienced three dynamic fluctuations since 2001. Amino acid residues of VP1100N, 103Y, 240T and 241V, which were embedded in the potential capsid loops of genotype E, might enhance genotype E adaption to the human hosts. The CV-A8 whole genomes displayed significant intra-genotypic genetic diversity in the non-capsid region, and a total of six recombinant lineages were detected. The Chinese viruses from genotype E might have emerged recently from recombining with European CV-A6 strains. CV-A8 is a less important HFMD pathogen, and the capsid gene diversity and non-capsid recombination variety observed in CV-A8 strains indicated that the constant generation of deleterious genomes and a constant selection pressure against these deleterious mutations is still ongoing within CV-A8 quasispecies. It is possible that CV-A8 could become an important pathogen in the HFMD spectrum in the future. Further surveillance of CV-A8 is greatly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.S.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (J.X.); (H.L.); (D.Y.); (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Dongyan Wang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.S.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (J.X.); (H.L.); (D.Y.); (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.S.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (J.X.); (H.L.); (D.Y.); (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (S.Z.)
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhenzhi Han
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.S.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (J.X.); (H.L.); (D.Y.); (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jinbo Xiao
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.S.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (J.X.); (H.L.); (D.Y.); (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Huanhuan Lu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.S.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (J.X.); (H.L.); (D.Y.); (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Dongmei Yan
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.S.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (J.X.); (H.L.); (D.Y.); (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Tianjiao Ji
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.S.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (J.X.); (H.L.); (D.Y.); (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Qian Yang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.S.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (J.X.); (H.L.); (D.Y.); (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.S.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (J.X.); (H.L.); (D.Y.); (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.S.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (J.X.); (H.L.); (D.Y.); (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (S.Z.)
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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106
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Marra CM, Maxwell CL, Ramchandani M, Tantalo LC, Sahi SK, Dunaway SB, Litvack JR. Hearing loss in individuals at risk for neurosyphilis. Int J STD AIDS 2020; 31:1178-1185. [PMID: 32928054 DOI: 10.1177/0956462420947584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Otosyphilis is a serious complication of syphilis.329 participants enrolled in a study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities in syphilis underwent portable audiometry (250 Hz to 8000 Hz at 5-75 dB); it was repeated in 33 after otosyphilis treatment. Treponema pallidum spp pallidum (T. pallidum) DNA in blood was quantitated by polymerase chain reaction. Odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined by logistic, ordinal or Cox regression.166 (50.5%) had normal hearing; 15 (4.6%) had low frequency (LF) loss alone, 93 (28.3%) had high frequency (HF) loss alone, and 55 (16.7%) had both. Adjusted odds of any hearing loss were higher with detectable blood T. pallidum DNA (3.00 [1.58-5.69], p = 0.001), CSF pleocytosis (2.02 [1.12-3.66], p = 0.02), and older age (2.22 per 10-year increase, [1.70-2.91], p < 0.001). HRs of normalization of LF and HF loss were lower for older individuals (0.20 [0.07-0.63, p = 0.005] and 0.22 [0.05-0.94, p = 0.04]), and HRs for normalization of HF loss were lower for those with more severe loss (0.09 [0.02-0.43], p = 0.002), and in those with CSF pleocytosis (0.32 [0.11-0.96], p = 0.04).Older age and CSF pleocytosis increase the likelihood of otosyphilis and impair hearing recovery after otosyphilis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Marra
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Clare L Maxwell
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Meena Ramchandani
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Public Health - Seattle & King County HIV/STD Program, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lauren C Tantalo
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sharon K Sahi
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shelia B Dunaway
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jamie R Litvack
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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107
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Guo W, Sylvia S, Umble K, Chen Y, Zhang X, Yi H. The competence of village clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease in rural China: A nationally representative assessment. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC 2020; 2:100026. [PMID: 34327377 PMCID: PMC8315592 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background While strengthening primary care quality is key to China's health system reforms, evidence to guide this work has been limited, particularly for rural areas. This study provides the first nationally-representative assessment of village doctors’ competence in diagnosing and managing presumptive heart disease. Methods A cross-sectional study of village clinics was conducted across five provinces. We presented standardized clinical vignettes to evaluate clinicians’ competence in diagnosing and managing unstable angina. Enumerators accompanying mock patients documented the interaction, including questions, physical examinations, diagnoses, and management options provided by the doctor. We measured diagnostic process competence as adherence to “recommended” questions and examinations based on national clinical practice guidelines, diagnostic competence according to whether clinicians provided a correct diagnosis, and management as correct medication and/or referral. Management was assessed twice: following clinicians’ own diagnoses determined through questioning and examinations, and after enumerators provided doctors with the correct diagnosis. Findings Clinicians completed 26% (95% CI 24% to 28%) of recommended diagnostic questions and examinations; 20% (14% to 27%) arrived at a correct diagnosis. Rates of correct management were 43% (35% to 51%) following clinicians’ own diagnosis and 51% (43% to 59%) after being given the correct diagnosis. When given the correct diagnosis and only asked to provide treatment, clinicians prescribed 82% fewer potentially harmful medications than in treatments based on their own (potentially incorrect) diagnosis. Interpretation The ability of village doctors to diagnose a textbook case of unstable angina is limited. Deficits in diagnostic competence led to low rates of correct management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Guo
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Sean Sylvia
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Karl Umble
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Yunwei Chen
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Hongmei Yi
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Room 408B, Wangkezhen Building, No. 5, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China
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108
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Luo L, Xu M, Du M, Kou H, Liao D, Cheng Z, Mei H, Hu Y. Early coagulation tests predict risk stratification and prognosis of COVID-19. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15918-15937. [PMID: 32860672 PMCID: PMC7485702 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is hitting the world hard, but the relationship between coagulation disorders and COVID-19 is still not clear. This study aimed to explore whether early coagulation tests can predict risk stratification and prognosis. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched electronically for relevant research studies published up to March 24, 2020, producing 24 articles for the final inclusion. The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) of coagulation parameters at admission were calculated to determine severe and composite endpoint conditions (ICU or death) in COVID-19 patients. Meta-analyses revealed that platelet count was not statistically related to disease severity and composite endpoint; elevated D-dimer correlated positively with disease severity (SMD 0.787 (0.277-1.298), P= 0.003, I2= 96.7%) but had no significant statistical relationship with composite endpoints. Similarly, patients with prolonged prothrombin time (PT) had an increased risk of ICU and increased risk of death (SMD 1.338 (0.551-2.125), P = 0.001, I2 = 92.7%). Besides, increased fibrin degradation products (FDP) and decreased antithrombin might also mean the disease is worsening. Therefore, early coagulation tests followed by dynamic monitoring is useful for recognizing coagulation disorders accompanied by COVID-19 and guiding timely therapy to improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Clinical and Research Centre of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Clinical and Research Centre of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mengyi Du
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Clinical and Research Centre of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Haiming Kou
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Clinical and Research Centre of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Danying Liao
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Clinical and Research Centre of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhipeng Cheng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Clinical and Research Centre of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Clinical and Research Centre of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Clinical and Research Centre of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Wuhan 430022, China
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109
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Zuo Z, Wang M, Cui H, Wang Y, Wu J, Qi J, Pan K, Sui D, Liu P, Xu A. Spatiotemporal characteristics and the epidemiology of tuberculosis in China from 2004 to 2017 by the nationwide surveillance system. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1284. [PMID: 32843011 PMCID: PMC7449037 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background China has always been one of the countries with the most serious Tuberculosis epidemic in the world. Our study was to observe the Spatial-temporal characteristics and the epidemiology of Tuberculosis in China from 2004 to 2017 with Joinpoint regression analysis, Seasonal Autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model, geographic cluster, and multivariate time series model. Methods The data of TB from January 2004 to December 2017 were obtained from the notifiable infectious disease reporting system supplied by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The incidence trend of TB was observed by the Joinpoint regression analysis. The Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model was used to predict the monthly incidence. Geographic clusters was employed to analyze the spatial autocorrelation. The relative importance component of TB was detected by the multivariate time series model. Results We included 13,991,850 TB cases from January 2004 to December 2017, with a yearly average morbidity of 999,417 cases. The final selected model was the 0 Joinpoint model (P = 0.0001) with an annual average percent change (AAPC) of − 3.3 (95% CI: − 4.3 to − 2.2, P < 0.001). A seasonality was observed across the 14 years, and the seasonal peaks were in January and March every year. The best SARIMA model was (0, 1, 1) X (0, 1, 1)12 which can be written as (1-B) (1-B12) Xt = (1–0.42349B) (1–0.43338B12) εt, with a minimum AIC (880.5) and SBC (886.4). The predicted value and the original incidence data of 2017 were well matched. The MSE, RMSE, MAE, and MAPE of the modelling performance were 201.76, 14.2, 8.4 and 0.06, respectively. The provinces with a high incidence were located in the northwest (Xinjiang, Tibet) and south (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan) of China. The hotspot of TB transmission was mainly located at southern region of China from 2004 to 2008, including Hainan, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Chongqing, which disappeared in the later years. The autoregressive component had a leading role in the incidence of TB which accounted for 81.5–84.5% of the patients on average. The endemic component was about twice as large in the western provinces as the average while the spatial-temporal component was less important there. Most of the high incidences (> 70 cases per 100,000) were influenced by the autoregressive component for the past 14 years. Conclusion In a word, China still has a high TB incidence. However, the incidence rate of TB was significantly decreasing from 2004 to 2017 in China. Seasonal peaks were in January and March every year. Obvious geographical clusters were observed in Tibet and Xinjiang Province. The relative importance component of TB driving transmission was distinguished from the multivariate time series model. For every provinces over the past 14 years, the autoregressive component played a leading role in the incidence of TB which need us to enhance the early protective implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbao Zuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, 2 Hengbu Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Miaochan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, 2 Hengbu Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huaizhong Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, 2 Hengbu Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, 2 Hengbu Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, 2 Hengbu Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianjiang Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, 2 Hengbu Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kenv Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, 2 Hengbu Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dongming Sui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, 2 Hengbu Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pengtao Liu
- Department of General Courses, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Aifang Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, 2 Hengbu Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China.
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110
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Liu Y, Ding H, Chang ST, Lu R, Zhong H, Zhao N, Lin TH, Bao Y, Yap L, Xu W, Wang M, Li Y, Qin S, Zhao Y, Geng X, Wang S, Chen E, Yu Z, Chan TC, Liu S. Exposure to air pollution and scarlet fever resurgence in China: a six-year surveillance study. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4229. [PMID: 32843631 PMCID: PMC7447791 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Scarlet fever has resurged in China starting in 2011, and the environment is one of the potential reasons. Nationwide data on 655,039 scarlet fever cases and six air pollutants were retrieved. Exposure risks were evaluated by multivariate distributed lag nonlinear models and a meta-regression model. We show that the average incidence in 2011-2018 was twice that in 2004-2010 [RR = 2.30 (4.40 vs. 1.91), 95% CI: 2.29-2.31; p < 0.001] and generally lower in the summer and winter holiday (p = 0.005). A low to moderate correlation was seen between scarlet fever and monthly NO2 (r = 0.21) and O3 (r = 0.11). A 10 μg/m3 increase of NO2 and O3 was significantly associated with scarlet fever, with a cumulative RR of 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02-1.10) and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.01-1.07), respectively, at a lag of 0 to 15 months. In conclusion, long-term exposure to ambient NO2 and O3 may be associated with an increased risk of scarlet fever incidence, but direct causality is not established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Liu
- School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Ding
- School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu-Ting Chang
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ran Lu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Na Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Lin
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yiming Bao
- National Genomics Data Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences & China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Yap
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Weijia Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transport System, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minyi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transport System, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoan District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuwen Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xingyi Geng
- Emergency Offices, Jinan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Supen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Enfu Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zhi Yu
- School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shelan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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111
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Sánchez A, Mejía SP, Orozco J. Recent Advances in Polymeric Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Drugs against Intracellular Infections. Molecules 2020; 25:E3760. [PMID: 32824757 PMCID: PMC7464666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric nanocarriers (PNs) have demonstrated to be a promising alternative to treat intracellular infections. They have outstanding performance in delivering antimicrobials intracellularly to reach an adequate dose level and improve their therapeutic efficacy. PNs offer opportunities for preventing unwanted drug interactions and degradation before reaching the target cell of tissue and thus decreasing the development of resistance in microorganisms. The use of PNs has the potential to reduce the dose and adverse side effects, providing better efficiency and effectiveness of therapeutic regimens, especially in drugs having high toxicity, low solubility in the physiological environment and low bioavailability. This review provides an overview of nanoparticles made of different polymeric precursors and the main methodologies to nanofabricate platforms of tuned physicochemical and morphological properties and surface chemistry for controlled release of antimicrobials in the target. It highlights the versatility of these nanosystems and their challenges and opportunities to deliver antimicrobial drugs to treat intracellular infections and mentions nanotoxicology aspects and future outlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Sánchez
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 Nº 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.S.); (S.P.M.)
| | - Susana P. Mejía
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 Nº 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.S.); (S.P.M.)
- Experimental and Medical Micology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Carrera, 72A Nº 78B–141 Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 Nº 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.S.); (S.P.M.)
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112
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Song Y, Zhang Y, Han Z, Xu W, Xiao J, Wang X, Wang J, Yang J, Yu Q, Yu D, Chen J, Huang W, Li J, Xie T, Lu H, Ji T, Yang Q, Yan D, Zhu S, Xu W. Genetic recombination in fast-spreading coxsackievirus A6 variants: a potential role in evolution and pathogenicity. Virus Evol 2020; 6:veaa048. [PMID: 34804589 PMCID: PMC8597624 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common global epidemic. From 2008
onwards, many HFMD outbreaks caused by coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) have been
reported worldwide. Since 2013, with a dramatically increasing number of
CV-A6-related HFMD cases, CV-A6 has become the predominant HFMD pathogen in
mainland China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 capsid
gene revealed that subtype D3 dominated the CV-A6 outbreaks. Here, we performed
a large-scale (near) full-length genetic analysis of global and Chinese CV-A6
variants, including 158 newly sequenced samples collected extensively in
mainland China between 2010 and 2018. During the global transmission of subtype
D3 of CV-A6, the noncapsid gene continued recombining, giving rise to a series
of viable recombinant hybrids designated evolutionary lineages, and each lineage
displayed internal consistency in both genetic and epidemiological features. The
emergence of lineage –A since 2005 has triggered CV-A6 outbreaks
worldwide, with a rate of evolution estimated at
4.17 × 10−3 substitutions
site-1 year−1 based on a
large number of monophyletic open reading frame sequences, and created a series
of lineages chronologically through varied noncapsid recombination events. In
mainland China, lineage –A has generated another two novel widespread
lineages (–J and –L) through recombination within the
enterovirus A gene pool, with robust estimates of occurrence time. Lineage
–A, –J, and –L infections presented dissimilar clinical
manifestations, indicating that the conservation of the CV-A6 capsid gene
resulted in high transmissibility, but the lineage-specific noncapsid gene might
influence pathogenicity. Potentially important amino acid substitutions were
further predicted among CV-A6 variants. The evolutionary phenomenon of noncapsid
polymorphism within the same subtype observed in CV-A6 was uncommon in other
leading HFMD pathogens; such frequent recombination happened in fast-spreading
CV-A6, indicating that the recovery of deleterious genomes may still be ongoing
within CV-A6 quasispecies. CV-A6-related HFMD outbreaks have caused a
significant public health burden and pose a great threat to children’s
health; therefore, further surveillance is greatly needed to understand the full
genetic diversity of CV-A6 in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhenzhi Han
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jinbo Xiao
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xianjun Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianxing Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianfang Yang
- Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qiuli Yu
- Hebei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Deshan Yu
- Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing City, China
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing City, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin City, China
| | - Huanhuan Lu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tianjiao Ji
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qian Yang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui Province, China
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113
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Chen Q, Zu ZY, Jiang MD, Lu L, Lu GM, Zhang LJ. Infection Control and Management Strategy for COVID-19 in the Radiology Department: Focusing on Experiences from China. Korean J Radiol 2020; 21:851-858. [PMID: 32524785 PMCID: PMC7289699 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease rapidly spreading around the world, raising global public health concerns. Radiological examinations play a crucial role in the early diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19. Cross infection among patients and radiographers can occur in radiology departments due to the close and frequent contact of radiographers with confirmed or potentially infected patients in a relatively confined room during radiological workflow. This article outlines our experience in the emergency management procedure and infection control of the radiology department during the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi Yue Zu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Di Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingquan Lu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Ming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Jiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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114
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WU Y, LI ZJ, YU SC, CHEN L, WANG JC, QIN Y, SONG YD, GAO GF, DONG XP, WANG LP, ZHANG Q, HE GX. Epidemiological Characteristics of Notifiable Infectious Diseases among Foreign Cases in China, 2004-2017. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2020; 33:421-430. [PMID: 32641205 PMCID: PMC7347353 DOI: 10.3967/bes2020.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the features of notifiable infectious diseases found commonly in foreign nationals in China between 2004 and 2017 to improve public health policy and responses for infectious diseases. METHODS We performed a descriptive study of notifiable infectious diseases among foreigners reported from 2004 to 2017 in China using data from the Chinese National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System (NNIDRIS). Demographic, temporal-spatial distribution were described and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 67,939 cases of 33 different infectious diseases were reported among foreigners. These diseases were seen in 31 provinces of China and originated from 146 countries of the world. The infectious diseases with the highest incidence number were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) of 18,713 cases, hepatitis B (6,461 cases), hand, foot, and mouth disease (6,327 cases). Yunnan province had the highest number of notifiable infectious diseases in foreigners. There were different trends of the major infectious diseases among foreign cases seen in China and varied among provinces. CONCLUSIONS This is the first description of the epidemiological characteristic of notifiable infectious diseases among foreigners in China from 2004 to 2017. These data can be used to better inform policymakers about national health priorities for future research and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue WU
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhen Jun LI
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shi Cheng YU
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Liang CHEN
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ji Chun WANG
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yu QIN
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yu Dan SONG
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - George F. GAO
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- SavaId Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Ping DONG
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li Ping WANG
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qun ZHANG
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guang Xue HE
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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115
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Shi M, Chen L, Yang Y, Zhang J, Xu J, Xu G, Li B, Yin Y. Analysis of clinical features and outcomes of 161 patients with severe and critical COVID-19: A multicenter descriptive study. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23415. [PMID: 32488958 PMCID: PMC7300573 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate clinical characteristics, laboratory indexes, treatment regimens, and short-term outcomes of severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. METHODS One hundred and sixty one consecutive severe and critical COVID-19 patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) were retrospectively reviewed in this multicenter study. Demographic features, medical histories, clinical symptoms, lung computerized tomography (CT) findings, and laboratory indexes on admission were collected. Post-admission complications, treatment regimens, and clinical outcomes were also documented. RESULTS The mean age was 59.38 ± 16.54 years, with 104 (64.60%) males and 57 (35.40%) females. Hypertension (44 [27.33%]) and diabetes were the most common medical histories. Fever (127 [78.88%]) and dry cough (111 [68.94%]) were the most common symptoms. Blood routine indexes, hepatic and renal function indexes, and inflammation indexes were commonly abnormal. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was the most common post-admission complication (69 [42.86%]), followed by electrolyte disorders (48 [29.81%]), multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) (37 [22.98%]), and hypoproteinemia (36 [22.36%]). The most commonly used antiviral drug was lopinavir/ritonavir tablet. 50 (31.06%) patients died, while 78 (48.45%) patients healed and discharged, and the last 33 (20.50%) patients remained in hospital. Besides, the mean hospital stay of deaths was 21.66 ± 11.18 days, while the mean hospital stay of discharged patients was 18.42 ± 12.77 days. Furthermore, ARDS (P < .001) and MODS (P = .008) correlated with increased mortality rate. CONCLUSION Severe and critical COVID-19 presents with high mortality rate, and occurrence of ARDS or MODS greatly increases its mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Lianhua Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yadong Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Ji Xu
- Departmen of Critical Care Medicine, Qichun People's Hospital, Qichun, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxue People's Hospital, Wuxue, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Yiping Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
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116
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Wu F, Lai C, Wang Y, Zhang G, Li Y, Yu S, Peng X, Yang J, Wei Z, Zhang W. Tuberculosis infection and epidemiological characteristics in Haidian District, Beijing, 2005-2018. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:823. [PMID: 32487108 PMCID: PMC7266129 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristic of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Haidian District, Beijing from 2005 to 2018 and to provide suggestions for controlling tuberculosis (TB) development. METHODS Epidemiological data about TB were obtained by the Infectious Disease Reporting System at different levels of medical institutions in Haidian District of Beijing from 2005 to 2018. The epidemiological methods combined with χ2 test were used to analyze the distribution of TB in population, time, region and TB diagnosis. RESULTS In total, 14,449 cases of TB patients were reported in Haidian District from 2005 to 2018 and the average annual morbidity was 31.67/10,000. Of the total cases, housework and unemployed people (20.73%; 2996/14,449) accounted for the highest proportion of occupational distribution, followed by students, accounting for 17.18% (2482/14,449). 2433 patients with the age of 65 years and over accounting for 16.83% (2433/14,449); Laboratory confirmed diagnosis of TB was 26.60% and the diagnostic delays accounted for 54.96%. CONCLUSIONS From 2005 to 2018, TB incidence was falling gradually in Haidian District. However, particular attention should be paid to the elderly and student groups, and the policy publicity and education should be strengthened to reduce the diagnosis delay of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Department of preventive health care, Four Seasons Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Lai
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqi Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Susu Yu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Peng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiani Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhisheng Wei
- Department of preventive health care, Four Seasons Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People's Republic of China.
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Incidence of Severe Chronic Neutropenia in South Korea and Related Clinical Manifestations: A National Health Insurance Database Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56060262. [PMID: 32471206 PMCID: PMC7353846 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56060262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Severe chronic neutropenia (SCN) is a condition in which absolute neutrophil counts remain at a low level (under 500/µL) over months or years. Because of the rare onset of SCN, its epidemiology, prognosis, and clinical manifestations have not yet been fully understood. In particular, large-cohort studies in Asian countries are still insufficient. Therefore, in this study, national health insurance data was used to investigate the epidemiologic features and prognosis of SCN in South Korea. Materials and Methods: The data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database recorded between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2015 were explored. SCN was defined based on the ICD-10 code, registry of benefit extension policy, and inclusion criteria of the study. After identifying patients with SCN, annual incidence and their co-morbidities were analyzed. Results: Among the initially identified patients with severe neutropenia (N = 2145), a total of 367 patients had SCN and were enrolled. The annual incidence rate of SCN ranged from 0.12 to 0.17 per 100,000 person-year (PY) during the study period. The highest incidence was observed in pediatric patients aged between 0 to 9 years (N = 156), followed by women in their fifties (N = 43). The total incidence rate was 0.17 in females and 0.12 in males (Relative risk (RR): 1.43, 95%, CI: 1.16–1.76). The most common accompanying condition was mild respiratory infection, but about 3.2% of patients progressed to hematologic malignancy after an average of 2.4 years. Conclusions: This nationwide population-based epidemiological study showed that incidence of SCN is higher in pediatrics and middle-aged women. As progression to hematologic malignancy was significantly higher in the age of in 45–49 years old, careful follow-up is necessary in this group. However, since this study lacks the molecular information, these finding need to be interpreted with great caution.
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118
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Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in a Surgical Population of Southeast China: A Large-Scale Multicenter Study. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 2020:8219536. [PMID: 32377514 PMCID: PMC7180502 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8219536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic HCV infection affects 80 million people globally and may progress to advanced liver disease. The present study aims to investigate the present epidemiology of HCV infection in a southeastern Chinese surgical patient cohort. METHODS Blood samples obtained from 78,484 surgical patients from 18 different city and county hospitals were enrolled. The incidence of serum HCV antibody positivity, HCV RNA load, and HCV genotyping, as well as demographics and relevant clinical history, were investigated. Data were stratified using the multistage cluster random sampling method and further analyzed using the SPSS-20 package. RESULTS HCV antibody positivity was detected in 0.15% of the population (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12%-0.18%). Genotype 1b (55.74%) was the dominant type. The HCV infection peaked in the age groups of 16-20, 41-50, and 61-65 years, and it was higher in males than in females (0.19% vs. 0.13%, P < 0.05). The geographical distribution of infection rates differed: 0.19% (95% CI: 0.14%-0.24%), 0.18% (95% CI: 0.13%-0.23%), and 0.06% (95% CI: 0.03-0.09%) in plain areas, islands, and valley regions, respectively. Patients with transfusion history and urban residence were associated with high HCV RNA levels (adjusted odds ratio = 11.24 and 6.20, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The prevalence of HCV infection in this cohort from southeast China was 0.17%, which is lower than the reported 0.43% infection rate in China in 2006. This result can be (partially) explained by the improvement of blood donor screening and the successful campaign for the use of disposable syringes and needles.
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Spatial-temporal characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and the relationship with meteorological factors from 2011 to 2018 in Zhejiang Province, China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008186. [PMID: 32255791 PMCID: PMC7164674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zhejiang Province has the fifth-highest incidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in China. While the top four provinces are all located in northern and central China, only Zhejiang Province is located in the Yangtze River Delta region of southeast China. This study was undertaken to identify the epidemiological characteristics of SFTS in Zhejiang from 2011 to 2018. METHODS The epidemic data from SFTS cases in Zhejiang Province from January 2011 to December 2018 were obtained from the China Information Network System of Disease Prevention and Control. Meteorological data were collected from the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System. A multivariate time series model was used to analyze the heterogeneity of spatial-temporal transmission of the disease. Random forest analysis was performed to detect the importance of meteorological factors and the dose-response association of the incidence of SFTS with these factors. RESULTS In total, 412 SFTS cases (49 fatal) were reported from January 2011 to December 2018 in Zhejiang Province, China. The number of SFTS cases and the number of affected counties increased year by year. The case fatality rate in Zhejiang Province was 11.89%, which was the highest in China. Elderly patients and farmers were the most affected. The total effect values of the autoregressive component, spatiotemporal component and endemic component of the model in all ranges were 0.4580, 0.0377 and 0.0137, respectively. There was obvious heterogeneity across counties for the mean values of the spatiotemporal component and the autoregressive component. The autoregressive component was obviously the main factor driving the occurrence of SFTS, followed by the spatiotemporal component. The importance scores of the monthly mean pressure, mean temperature, mean relative humidity, mean two-minute wind speed, duration of sunshine and precipitation were 10.64, 8.34, 8.16, 6.37, 5.35 and 2.81, respectively. The relationship between these factors and the incidence of SFTS is complicated and nonlinear. A suitable range of meteorological factors for this disease was also detected. CONCLUSIONS The autoregressive and spatiotemporal components played an important role in driving the transmission of SFTS. Targeted preventive efforts should be made in different areas based on the main component contributing to the epidemic. For most areas, early measures several months ahead of the suitable season for the occurrence of SFTS should be implemented. The level of reporting and diagnosis of this disease should be further improved.
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120
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Dong Y, Wang L, Burgner DP, Miller JE, Song Y, Ren X, Li Z, Xing Y, Ma J, Sawyer SM, Patton GC. Infectious diseases in children and adolescents in China: analysis of national surveillance data from 2008 to 2017. BMJ 2020; 369:m1043. [PMID: 32241761 PMCID: PMC7114954 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To outline which infectious diseases in the pre-covid-19 era persist in children and adolescents in China and to describe recent trends and variations by age, sex, season, and province. DESIGN National surveillance studies, 2008-17. SETTING 31 provinces in mainland China. PARTICIPANTS 4 959 790 Chinese students aged 6 to 22 years with a diagnosis of any of 44 notifiable infectious diseases. The diseases were categorised into seven groups: quarantinable; vaccine preventable; gastrointestinal and enteroviral; vectorborne; zoonotic; bacterial; and sexually transmitted and bloodborne. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Diagnosis of, and deaths from, 44 notifiable infectious diseases. RESULTS From 2008 to 2017, 44 notifiable infectious diseases were diagnosed in 4 959 790 participants (3 045 905 males, 1 913 885 females) and there were 2532 deaths (1663 males, 869 females). The leading causes of death among infectious diseases shifted from rabies and tuberculosis to HIV/AIDS, particularly in males. Mortality from infectious diseases decreased steadily from 0.21 per 100 000 population in 2008 to 0.07 per 100 000 in 2017. Quarantinable conditions with high mortality have effectively disappeared. The incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in children and adolescents decreased from 280 per 100 000 in 2008 to 162 per 100 000 in 2015, but rose again to 242 per 100 000 in 2017, largely related to mumps and seasonal influenza. Excluding mumps and influenza, the incidence of vaccine preventable diseases fell from 96 per 100 000 in 2008 to 7 per 100 000 in 2017. The incidence of gastrointestinal and enterovirus diseases remained constant, but typhoid, paratyphoid, and dysentery continued to decline. Vectorborne diseases all declined, with a particularly noticeable reduction in malaria. Zoonotic infections remained at low incidence, but there were still unpredictable outbreaks, such as pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza. Tuberculosis remained the most common bacterial infection, although cases of scarlet fever doubled between 2008 and 2017. Sexually transmitted diseases and bloodborne infections increased significantly, particularly from 2011 to 2017, among which HIV/AIDS increased fivefold, particularly in males. Difference was noticeable between regions, with children and adolescents in western China continuing to carry a disproportionate burden from infectious diseases. CONCLUSIONS China's success in infectious disease control in the pre-covid-19 era was notable, with deaths due to infectious diseases in children and adolescents aged 6-22 years becoming rare. Many challenges remain around reducing regional inequalities, scaling-up of vaccination, prevention of further escalation of HIV/AIDS, renewed efforts for persisting diseases, and undertaking early and effective response to highly transmissible seasonal and unpredictable diseases such as that caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - David P Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica E Miller
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Division of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- Division of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xing
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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121
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Tian S, Hu N, Lou J, Chen K, Kang X, Xiang Z, Chen H, Wang D, Liu N, Liu D, Chen G, Zhang Y, Li D, Li J, Lian H, Niu S, Zhang L, Zhang J. Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing. J Infect 2020; 80:401-406. [PMID: 32112886 PMCID: PMC7102527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 667] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the first case of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection pneumonia was detected in Wuhan, China, a series of confirmed cases of the COVID-19 were found in Beijing. We analyzed the data of 262 confirmed cases to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Beijing. METHODS We collected patients who were transferred by Beijing Emergency Medical Service to the designated hospitals. The information on demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory test for the COVID-19 virus, diagnostic classification, cluster case and outcome were obtained. Furthermore we compared the characteristics between severe and common confirmed cases which including mild cases, no-pneumonia cases and asymptomatic cases, and we also compared the features between COVID-19 and 2003 SARS. FINDINGS By Feb 10, 2020, 262 patients were transferred from the hospitals across Beijing to the designated hospitals for special treatment of the COVID-19 infected by Beijing emergency medical service. Among of 262 patients, 46 (17.6%) were severe cases, 216 (82.4%) were common cases, which including 192 (73.3%) mild cases, 11(4.2%) non-pneumonia cases and 13 (5.0%) asymptomatic cases respectively. The median age of patients was 47.5 years old and 48.5% were male. 192 (73.3%) patients were residents of Beijing, 50 (26.0%) of which had been to Wuhan, 116 (60.4%) had close contact with confirmed cases, 21 (10.9%) had no contact history. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (82.1%), cough (45.8%), fatigue (26.3%), dyspnea (6.9%) and headache (6.5%). The median incubation period was 6.7 days, the interval time from between illness onset and seeing a doctor was 4.5 days. As of Feb 10, 17.2% patients have discharged and 81.7% patients remain in hospital in our study, the fatality of COVID-19 infection in Beijing was 0.9%. INTERPRETATION On the basis of this study, we provided the ratio of the COVID-19 infection on the severe cases to the mild, asymptomatic and non-pneumonia cases in Beijing. Population was generally susceptible, and with a relatively low fatality rate. The measures to prevent transmission was very successful at early stage, the next steps on the COVID-19 infection should be focused on early isolation of patients and quarantine for close contacts in families and communities in Beijing. FUNDING Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Ministry of Science and Technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Tian
- Beijing Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lou
- Beijing Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Beijing Chao Yang District Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuqin Kang
- Beijing Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | | | - Hui Chen
- Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Beijing Haidian District Medical Rescue Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Beijing Dongcheng District Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Beijing Shijingshan District Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Dou Li
- Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianren Li
- Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huixin Lian
- Beijing Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shengmei Niu
- Beijing Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Luxi Zhang
- Beijing Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjun Zhang
- Beijing Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China.
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Tian S, Hu N, Lou J, Chen K, Kang X, Xiang Z, Chen H, Wang D, Liu N, Liu D, Chen G, Zhang Y, Li D, Li J, Lian H, Niu S, Zhang L, Zhang J. Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing. J Infect 2020; 80:401-406. [PMID: 32112886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.202002018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the first case of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection pneumonia was detected in Wuhan, China, a series of confirmed cases of the COVID-19 were found in Beijing. We analyzed the data of 262 confirmed cases to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Beijing. METHODS We collected patients who were transferred by Beijing Emergency Medical Service to the designated hospitals. The information on demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory test for the COVID-19 virus, diagnostic classification, cluster case and outcome were obtained. Furthermore we compared the characteristics between severe and common confirmed cases which including mild cases, no-pneumonia cases and asymptomatic cases, and we also compared the features between COVID-19 and 2003 SARS. FINDINGS By Feb 10, 2020, 262 patients were transferred from the hospitals across Beijing to the designated hospitals for special treatment of the COVID-19 infected by Beijing emergency medical service. Among of 262 patients, 46 (17.6%) were severe cases, 216 (82.4%) were common cases, which including 192 (73.3%) mild cases, 11(4.2%) non-pneumonia cases and 13 (5.0%) asymptomatic cases respectively. The median age of patients was 47.5 years old and 48.5% were male. 192 (73.3%) patients were residents of Beijing, 50 (26.0%) of which had been to Wuhan, 116 (60.4%) had close contact with confirmed cases, 21 (10.9%) had no contact history. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (82.1%), cough (45.8%), fatigue (26.3%), dyspnea (6.9%) and headache (6.5%). The median incubation period was 6.7 days, the interval time from between illness onset and seeing a doctor was 4.5 days. As of Feb 10, 17.2% patients have discharged and 81.7% patients remain in hospital in our study, the fatality of COVID-19 infection in Beijing was 0.9%. INTERPRETATION On the basis of this study, we provided the ratio of the COVID-19 infection on the severe cases to the mild, asymptomatic and non-pneumonia cases in Beijing. Population was generally susceptible, and with a relatively low fatality rate. The measures to prevent transmission was very successful at early stage, the next steps on the COVID-19 infection should be focused on early isolation of patients and quarantine for close contacts in families and communities in Beijing. FUNDING Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Ministry of Science and Technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Tian
- Beijing Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lou
- Beijing Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Beijing Chao Yang District Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuqin Kang
- Beijing Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | | | - Hui Chen
- Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Beijing Haidian District Medical Rescue Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Beijing Dongcheng District Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Beijing Shijingshan District Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Dou Li
- Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianren Li
- Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huixin Lian
- Beijing Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shengmei Niu
- Beijing Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Luxi Zhang
- Beijing Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjun Zhang
- Beijing Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China.
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Smiley Evans T, Shi Z, Boots M, Liu W, Olival KJ, Xiao X, Vandewoude S, Brown H, Chen JL, Civitello DJ, Escobar L, Grohn Y, Li H, Lips K, Liu Q, Lu J, Martínez-López B, Shi J, Shi X, Xu B, Yuan L, Zhu G, Getz WM. Synergistic China-US Ecological Research is Essential for Global Emerging Infectious Disease Preparedness. ECOHEALTH 2020; 17:160-173. [PMID: 32016718 PMCID: PMC7088356 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-020-01471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The risk of a zoonotic pandemic disease threatens hundreds of millions of people. Emerging infectious diseases also threaten livestock and wildlife populations around the world and can lead to devastating economic damages. China and the USA-due to their unparalleled resources, widespread engagement in activities driving emerging infectious diseases and national as well as geopolitical imperatives to contribute to global health security-play an essential role in our understanding of pandemic threats. Critical to efforts to mitigate risk is building upon existing investments in global capacity to develop training and research focused on the ecological factors driving infectious disease spillover from animals to humans. International cooperation, particularly between China and the USA, is essential to fully engage the resources and scientific strengths necessary to add this ecological emphasis to the pandemic preparedness strategy. Here, we review the world's current state of emerging infectious disease preparedness, the ecological and evolutionary knowledge needed to anticipate disease emergence, the roles that China and the USA currently play as sources and solutions to mitigating risk, and the next steps needed to better protect the global community from zoonotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tierra Smiley Evans
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Zhengli Shi
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Michael Boots
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiangming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | | | - Heidi Brown
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Luis Escobar
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Yrjo Grohn
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Karen Lips
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Qiyoung Liu
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, National Institute for Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahai Lu
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research and Training, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jishu Shi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Immunology, US-China Center for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Department of Microbiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Biao Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Yuan
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wayne M Getz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Xin H, Sun J, Yu J, Huang J, Chen Q, Wang L, Lai S, Clements ACA, Hu W, Li Z. Spatiotemporal and demographic characteristics of scrub typhus in Southwest China, 2006–2017: An analysis of population‐based surveillance data. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1585-1594. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hualei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease Division of Infectious Disease Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China
- Qingdao City Center for Disease Control and Prevention Qingdao China
| | - Junling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease Division of Infectious Disease Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China
| | - Jianxing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease Division of Infectious Disease Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Dr. Christophe Mérieux Laboratory CAMS‐Foundation Mérieux Institute of Pathogen Biology Academy of Medical Sciences of China and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Jilei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease Division of Infectious Disease Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Shanghai China
| | - Qiulan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease Division of Infectious Disease Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease Division of Infectious Disease Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China
| | - Shengjie Lai
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease Division of Infectious Disease Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China
- WorldPop School of Geography and Environmental Science University of Southampton Southampton UK
- School of Public Health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety Ministry of Education Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Archie C. A. Clements
- Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia
| | - Zhongjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease Division of Infectious Disease Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China
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Peng Z, Yu Y, Wei W, Hou Y, Sun Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Cai Y. Reliability and Validity of the LifeWindows Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Questionnaire Among HIV+ Patients in Shanghai. Patient Prefer Adherence 2020; 14:507-515. [PMID: 32184577 PMCID: PMC7062391 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s234041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article was to examine the validity and reliability of the LifeWindows Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Adherence Questionnaire (LW-IMB-AAQ) among HIV+ patients in Shanghai. METHODS We surveyed 426 HIV+ patients in Shanghai's Putuo District to examine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The questionnaire includes self-reported demographic characteristics, the modified version of the Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS Antiretroviral Medication Self-Report (CPCRA) and LW-IMB-AAQ. CPCRA was used to calculate ART adherence. LW-IMB-AAQ, including the information section, the motivation section and the behavioral skills section, was used to analyze patients' ART adherence. We analyzed data by means, standard deviation, critical ratio, and item-total correlation. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability. Validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent validity and discriminant validity. RESULTS Item analysis showed that except for motivation item 1, all items were acceptable. For reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the three sections and the total scale were all higher than 0.7, with interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) all higher than 0.6 (p<0.001). The Spearman-Brown coefficient for the total scale was 0.825. For validity, results showed that the information section could be divided into two subscales, motivation section and behavioral skills section could be divided into three and two subscales, respectively. The final model demonstrated good validity (p=0.471, χ 2/df=0.960, CFI=1.000, GFI=0.994 and RMSEA<0.001) without motivation item 4. CONCLUSION Excluding motivation items 1 and 4, the LifeWindows Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills ART Adherence Questionnaire (LW-IMB-AAQ) demonstrated good validity and reliability among HIV+ patients in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Peng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuelin Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Putuo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongchun Hou
- Putuo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Sun
- Taopu Town Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Yichuan Street Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yong Cai; Qian Wang School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13611677244; +86 133219663565 Email ;
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Li Y, Ma J. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Influenza in China, 2005-2018. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19650. [PMID: 31873144 PMCID: PMC6928232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, as well as in China. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal characteristics of influenza is important in evaluating and developing disease control programs. This study aims to describe an accurate spatiotemporal pattern of influenza at the prefecture level and explore the risk factors associated with influenza incidence risk in mainland China from 2005 to 2018. The incidence data of influenza were obtained from the Chinese Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System (CNIDRS). The Besag York Mollié (BYM) model was extended to include temporal and space-time interaction terms. The parameters for this extended Bayesian spatiotemporal model were estimated through integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) using the package R-INLA in R. A total of 702,226 influenza cases were reported in mainland China in CNIDRS from 2005–2018. The yearly reported incidence rate of influenza increased 15.6 times over the study period, from 3.51 in 2005 to 55.09 in 2008 per 100,000 populations. The temporal term in the spatiotemporal model showed that much of the increase occurred during the last 3 years of the study period. The risk factor analysis showed that the decreased number of influenza vaccines for sale, the new update of the influenza surveillance protocol, the increase in the rate of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 among all processed specimens from influenza-like illness (ILI) patients, and the increase in the latitude and longitude of geographic location were associated with an increase in the influenza incidence risk. After the adjusting for fixed covariate effects and time random effects, the map of the spatial structured term shows that high-risk areas clustered in the central part of China and the lowest-risk areas in the east and west. Large space-time variations in influenza have been found since 2009. In conclusion, an increasing trend of influenza was observed from 2005 to 2018. The insufficient flu vaccine supplements, the newly emerging influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and expansion of influenza surveillance efforts might be the major causes of the dramatic changes in outbreak and spatio-temporal epidemic patterns. Clusters of prefectures with high relative risks of influenza were identified in the central part of China. Future research with more risk factors at both national and local levels is necessary to explain the changing spatiotemporal patterns of influenza in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewu Zhang
- Center for Public Health Surveillance and Information Service, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Center for Public Health Surveillance and Information Service, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Center for Public Health Surveillance and Information Service, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Ma
- Center for Public Health Surveillance and Information Service, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Case-control study of risk factors for incident syphilis infection among men who have sex with men in Tokyo, Japan. Western Pac Surveill Response J 2019; 10:1-8. [PMID: 32133205 PMCID: PMC7043094 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2019.10.1.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Japan, syphilis notifications have increased. Men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tokyo have contributed substantially to the increase in syphilis notifications. We thus aimed to determine the correlates of incident syphilis among them. Methods MSM who attended a Tokyo clinic that serves sexual minorities were recruited in a case-control study in 2015. A case was seropositive for primary/secondary/asymptomatic syphilis at enrolment visit and seronegative at prior visit or had oral ulcers positive for Treponema pallidum DNA at enrolment. For each case, two controls seronegative at enrolment and prior visit were selected. Using logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess for correlates of case status. Results Among 35 cases, the median age was 37 (range = 21–63) years and was similar to the 71 controls. Among HIV-positive participants (26 cases and 67 controls), cases were independently associated with higher frequency of anal or oral sex (OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.4–8.6; increase per category from < 1/month, ≥ 1/month but < 1/week, to ≥ 1/week) and no or inconsistent condom use during anal or oral sex (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.1–8.3; increase per category from using every time, occasionally, to never), adjusted for residency and time between visits. Discussion Modifiable behaviours were associated with incident syphilis, and dissemination of prevention messages are needed.
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Du Z, Lin S, Marks T, Zhang W, Deng T, Yu S, Hao Y. Weather effects on hand, foot, and mouth disease at individual level: a case-crossover study. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1029. [PMID: 31796004 PMCID: PMC6891988 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) raises an urgent public health issue in the Asia-Pacific region, especially in China. The associations between weather factors and HFMD have been widely studied but with inconsistent results. Moreover, previous studies utilizing ecological design could not rule out the bias of exposure misclassification and unobserved confounders. METHODS We used case-crossover analysis to assess the associations of weather factors on HFMD. Individual HFMD cases from 2009 to 2012 in Guangdong were collected and cases located within 10 km of the meteorological monitoring sites were included. Lag effects were examined through the previous 7 days. In addition, we explored the variability by changing the distance within 20 km and 30 km. RESULTS We observed associations between HFMD and weather factors, including temperature and relative humidity. An approximately U-shaped relationship was observed for the associations of temperature on HFMD across the same day and the previous 7 days, while an approximately exponential-shaped was seen for relative humidity. Statistically significant increases in rates of HFMD were associated with each 10-unit increases in temperature [Excess rate (ER): 7.7%; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.9, 11.7%] and relative humidity (ER: 1.9%; 95% CI: 0.7, 3.0%) on lag days 0-6, when assessing within 10 km of the monitoring sites. Potential thresholds for temperature (30.0 °C) and relative humidity (70.3%) detected showed associations with HFMD. The associations remained robust for 20 km and 30 km. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that temperature and relative humidity are significantly associated with the increased rates of HFMD. Thresholds and lag effects were observed between weather factors and HFMD. Our findings are useful for planning on targeted prevention and control of HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Du
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, 12144 USA
| | - Tia Marks
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, 12144 USA
| | - Wangjian Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, 12144 USA
| | - Te Deng
- Healthcare Department, Nanshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Yuantao Hao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This study aims to review the history of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection epidemic in China. RECENT FINDINGS The HIV infection epidemic in China has evolved significantly over the past 35 years, from initially exclusively within people who inject drugs (PWID), to outbreaks due to plasma collection contamination in the mid-1990s, to now almost exclusive transmission via sexual contact. The number of newly-diagnosed cases and the number HIV-related deaths have increased each year since 2004, coinciding with a massive scale-up of both HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy initiation. The proportion of cases diagnosed later in their disease progression has remained constant. The initial outbreaks of HIV across China were identified quickly and the overall trends have been monitored. While the HIV epidemic among PWID has been well managed, the growing HIV epidemic via sexual contact has grown more complex and even more difficult to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunyou Wu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
- University of California, California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Junfang Chen
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sarah Robbins Scott
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jennifer M McGoogan
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
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Liu Y, Bian Q, Zhang S, Wang J, Wang Z, Li J. Is repeated retreatment necessary for HIV-negative serofast early syphilis patients? Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:255-263. [PMID: 31853297 PMCID: PMC6909773 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A persistent non-treponemal serological response can be observed in patients with syphilis after treatment and is referred to as serofast. This status makes it difficult for clinicians to judge the curative effect of treatment, particularly in patients with early syphilis. In the present study, a total of 114 eligible serofast patients treated between January 2009 and June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were subjected to rapid plasma reagin (RPR) serological tests and followed up for 24 months. The patients who remained serofast after initial therapy were given the first retreatment, and at 12 months, those who were still serofast received a second retreatment. After the first retreatment (6 months), 33.3% of the subjects (38/114) were serologically cured (≥4-fold decline in RPR titer). At 24 months, the patients that had achieved serological cure accounted for 23.7% (18/76) of the patients that received the second retreatment. Furthermore, 26.3% of subjects that achieved serological cure (10/38) and had not been further treated after the first retreatment spontaneously presented with a ≥4-fold decline in RPR titer or negative status. In conclusion, the present study indicated that in patients with early syphilis and serofast status after initial treatment, retreatments may not provide any significant benefit. The second retreatment did not significantly improve the patient's serological cure rate. There is no evidence that patients with early syphilis and serofast should receive multiple retreatments, in spite of this being commonly performed in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology and Research Center of The Public Health Ministry, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Queqiao Bian
- Department of Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology and Research Center of The Public Health Ministry, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Shuhuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology and Research Center of The Public Health Ministry, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology and Research Center of The Public Health Ministry, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Zhenming Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology and Research Center of The Public Health Ministry, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Clinical Laboratory Department, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Junyue Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology and Research Center of The Public Health Ministry, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Clinical Laboratory Department, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
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Wu X, Guan Y, Ye J, Fu H, Zhang C, Lan L, Wu F, Tang F, Wang F, Cai Y, Yu W, Feng T. Association between syphilis seroprevalence and age among blood donors in Southern China: an observational study from 2014 to 2017. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024393. [PMID: 31678932 PMCID: PMC6830658 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between syphilis seroprevalence and age among blood donors, and described the distribution of serological titres among syphilis-infected donors, aiming to confirm the syphilis epidemic characteristics and to promote effective interventions for older adults. METHODS Data were obtained from the Shenzhen Programme for Syphilis Prevention and Control in 2014-2017. Blood samples were screened using the ELISAs, and confirmed using the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) and toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST). RESULTS Among 394 792 blood donors, 733 tested TPPA and TRUST positive (active infection), and 728 tested only TPPA positive (historical infection). The overall prevalence of syphilis seropositivity was 370.1 per 100 000 (95% CI 351.1 to 389.0 per 100 000); the prevalence of active infection was 185.7 per 100 000 (95% CI 172.2 to 199.1 per 100 000). People aged ≥45 years displayed a prevalence of 621.8 per 100 000 in syphilis seropositivity and 280.5 per 100 000 in active infection, which were 3.8 times and 2.4 times higher than that for people aged <25 years, respectively. The prevalence of syphilis seropositivity (χ2trend=311.9, p trend<0.001) and active infection (χ2trend=72.1, p trend<0.001) increased significantly with age. After stratification by gender and year of donation, the increasing trend of prevalence with age remained (p trend<0.05), except for the prevalence of active infection in males and females in 2014. About 16.3% of donors with active infection and aged ≥45 years had a TRUST titre of ≥1∶8, lower than that of patients aged <25 years (51.3%) and 25-34 years (34.1%). CONCLUSIONS The findings confirm the high prevalence of syphilis among older adults, and suggest the need to increase awareness among healthcare providers and deliver more targeted prevention interventions for older adults to promote early testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Wu
- Department of STD Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Guan
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianbin Ye
- Department of STD Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanlin Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunlai Zhang
- Department of STD Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lina Lan
- Department of STD Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengxin Wu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguang, China
| | - Fen Tang
- Department of STD Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of STD Control Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yumao Cai
- Department of STD Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiye Yu
- Department of STD Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tiejian Feng
- Department of STD Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
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Shi M, Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhu Y, Yang B, Zhong L, Pan R, Yang D. Young male with syphilitic cerebral arteritis presents with signs of acute progressive stroke: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18147. [PMID: 31770254 PMCID: PMC6890281 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurosyphilis is a chronic infection of the central nervous system that is commonly found in adult with long latency periods. Neurosyphilis-attributed deaths in young patients have grown exponentially in the past decade, yet there have been few studies on the early stages of neurosyphilis. PATIENT CONCERNS A young male patient with syphilitic cerebral arteritis was evaluated in our clinic for the clinical signs of progressive ischemic stroke. DIAGNOSIS The progression of syphilitic cerebral arteritis was observed through computed tomography imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiogram, and transcranial color Doppler. The pathological changes and clinical outcomes were reviewed. In this specific case, the development of syphilitic cerebral arteritis was dynamic, continuous, and rapid. The pathogenesis was related to Heubner arteritis, in which the formation of a mural thrombus (MT) causes the severe obstruction of blood flow without complete occlusion, leading to an increased risk of infarction. In this patient, formation of the MT resulted in the infarction of the smaller vessels and narrowing of the larger vessels. The partial dislodgment of the MT from the arterial wall of the larger vessels occluded the smaller vessels, leading to infarction. INTERVENTIONS Standard pharmacotherapy for the treatment of the cerebral infarction and a single course of penicillin were applied. OUTCOMES Muscle strength was recovered. The Glasgow Coma Scale score was 15, whereas the NIH Stroke Scale score was 0. The increase in blood flow of the right MCA was accompanied by severe stenosis with compensation of the anterior communicating artery. In addition, moderate to severe stenosis of the right vertebral artery and the basilar artery was suspected. There was a possibility that the right posterior communicating artery was recruited for compensation. CONCLUSION Progressive stroke was the initial symptom of the neurosyphilis. Disease progression is rapid and difficult to control with a single course of penicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yadi Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Bing Yang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Li Zhong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Rui Pan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Ji H, Chang L, Zhao J, Zhang L, Jiang X, Guo F, Wang L. Evaluation of ELISA and CLIA for Treponema pallidum specific antibody detection in China: A multicenter study. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 166:105742. [PMID: 31629021 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the rapid increase of syphilis infections in several countries including China, searching for a screening test with sufficient sensitivity and specificity is extremely urgent. The current study mainly researched the performance for Treponema pallidum (TP) detection by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassays (ECLIA), chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA) and four commercially available ELISA assays commonly used in China. METHODS 1372 plasma samples collected from blood centers/banks were tested with 6 assays in 8 laboratories with the Western blot (WB) or TP particle agglutination assay (TPPA) as confirmatory tests. RESULTS With the WB or TPPA as confirmatory test, the ECLIA demonstrated the highest specificity (95.2%) and Kappa coefficient (0.915), but lowest sensitivity (97.2%) compared with the other 5 assays. While the Wantai-ELISA showed the highest sensitivity (99.6%) among the 6 assays. Sensitivities were found to be significantly increased when any two of the six assays were combined for TP detection. Our study demonstrated that the Wantai-ELISA combined with the ECLIA or the KHB-ELISA or the InTec-ELISA would increase the sensitivities up to 100%. Further analysis showed that the specificities and positive predictive values were both 100.0% when cut-off of S/CO values were served as 15.42 for the ECLIA and 7.14 for the CLIA, indicating that samples under these conditions can be directly considered as positive without confirmation. CONCLUSIONS The CLIA and the ECLIA are more specific than ELISA to detect TP antibodies. However, ELISA is a sensitive method, especially in combination with the CLIA or the ECLIA or another types of ELISA, suitable for the routine screening of blood donations in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ji
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Le Chang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fei Guo
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lunan Wang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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Arji G, Ahmadi H, Nilashi M, A Rashid T, Hassan Ahmed O, Aljojo N, Zainol A. Fuzzy logic approach for infectious disease diagnosis: A methodical evaluation, literature and classification. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2019; 39:937-955. [PMID: 32287711 PMCID: PMC7115764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a systematic review of the literature and the classification of fuzzy logic application in an infectious disease. Although the emergence of infectious diseases and their subsequent spread have a significant impact on global health and economics, a comprehensive literature evaluation of this topic has yet to be carried out. Thus, the current study encompasses the first systematic, identifiable and comprehensive academic literature evaluation and classification of the fuzzy logic methods in infectious diseases. 40 papers on this topic, which have been published from 2005 to 2019 and related to the human infectious diseases were evaluated and analyzed. The findings of this evaluation clearly show that the fuzzy logic methods are vastly used for diagnosis of diseases such as dengue fever, hepatitis and tuberculosis. The key fuzzy logic methods used for the infectious disease are the fuzzy inference system; the rule-based fuzzy logic, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and fuzzy cognitive map. Furthermore, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve were universally applied for a performance evaluation of the fuzzy logic techniques. This thesis will also address the various needs between the different industries, practitioners and researchers to encourage more research regarding the more overlooked areas, and it will conclude with several suggestions for the future infectious disease researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goli Arji
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Health Information Technology Department, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hossein Ahmadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Mehrbakhsh Nilashi
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tarik A Rashid
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Omed Hassan Ahmed
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
- University of Human Development, College of Science and Technology, Department of Information Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Nahla Aljojo
- College of Computer Science and Engineering, Department of Information Systems and Technology, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azida Zainol
- Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Yan S, Wei L, Duan Y, Li H, Liao Y, Lv Q, Zhu F, Wang Z, Lu W, Yin P, Cheng J, Jiang H. Short-Term Effects of Meteorological Factors and Air Pollutants on Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease among Children in Shenzhen, China, 2009-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193639. [PMID: 31569796 PMCID: PMC6801881 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A few studies have explored the association between meteorological factors and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) with inconsistent results. Besides, studies about the effects of air pollutants on HFMD are very limited. METHODS Daily HFMD cases among children aged 0-14 years in Shenzhen were collected from 2009 to 2017. A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) model was fitted to simultaneously assess the nonlinear and lagged effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on HFMD incidence, and to further examine the differences of the effect across different subgroups stratified by gender, age and childcare patterns. RESULTS The cumulative relative risk (cRR) (median as reference) of HFMD rose with the increase of daily temperature and leveled off at about 30 °C (cRR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.29, 1.51). There was a facilitating effect on HFMD when relative humidity was 46.0% to 88.8% (cRR at 95th percentile: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.27). Short daily sunshine duration (5th vs. 50th) promoted HFMD (cRR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.11). The positive correlation between rainfall and HFMD reversed when it exceeded 78.3 mm (cRR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.63). Ozone suppressed HFMD when it exceeded 104 µg /m3 (cRR at 99th percentile: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.76, 0.94). NO2 promoted HFMD among infants and the cRR peaked at lag 9 day (cRR: 1.47, 95%CI: 1.02, 2.13) (99th vs. 50th). Besides, children aged below one year, males and scattered children were more vulnerable to high temperature, high relative humidity, and short sunshine duration. CONCLUSIONS Temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration, rainfall, ozone and NO2 were significantly associated with HFMD, and such effects varied with gender age and childcare patterns. These findings highlight the need for more prevention effort to the vulnerable populations and may be helpful for developing an early environment-based warning system for HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Lan Wei
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yanran Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yi Liao
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Qiuying Lv
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Fang Zhu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Wanrong Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, China.
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136
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Zhao Y, Lafta R, Hagopian A, Flaxman AD. The epidemiology of 32 selected communicable diseases in Iraq, 2004-2016. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 89:102-109. [PMID: 31560993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2003 invasion of Iraq significantly undermined population health. However, there is a lack of understanding of how it undermined communicable disease control. This study was performed to assess the incidence trends of 32 communicable diseases in post-conflict Iraq. METHODS Reported incidence data for 32 communicable diseases (2004-2016) were collected from routine reports sent to the Iraqi Ministry of Health by primary health centers, and general and tertiary hospitals. Incidence (per 100 000) was defined as the number of reported incident cases divided by the population size. Joinpoint regression was used to examine the incidence trends and average annual percentage change (AAPC) for each disease, and the overall incidence rate across the period. RESULTS Communicable diseases increased significantly during the peak years of the war, especially during the US troop surge period (2007-2009). As US troops withdrew (after 2011), overall communicable diseases decreased. The incidence rate of nearly half of the 32 diseases decreased significantly, while the incidence rate of five increased significantly (hepatitis A, varicella, viral meningitis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis). CONCLUSIONS The early foundational strength of Iraq's health system may help explain why infectious disease failed to overwhelm the population following the invasion. Iraq's federal government could exercise its legal authority to manage threats to public health security by expanding the disease surveillance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Zhao
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Riyadh Lafta
- Department of Community Medicine, Al Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Amy Hagopian
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Abraham D Flaxman
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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137
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Guo Y, Gao P, Wang H, Wu J, Bai Q, Huang L, Li S, Lv M, Shi X. Risk factors of hepatitis B virus infection between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups among spouses in 2006 and 2014: a cross-sectional study in Beijing. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:148-157. [PMID: 31287778 PMCID: PMC7012092 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1640428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among married individuals and to analyze the associated risk factors of HBV infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated groups in 2006 and 2014. Methods: Information of married individuals aged over 16 y with a clear HBV vaccination status was extracted from the database constructed by the Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control from population-based investigation. A structured questionnaire was employed to collect demographic information, vaccinated history, and other related influence information of HBV of participants. Pearson chi-square test, Fisher's test, and logistic regression were used to explore the risk factors of HBV infection. Results: A total of 2874 individuals in 2006 and 1622 individuals in 2014 were enrolled in our study. The mean age of individuals was 49.30 and 46.68 y in 2006 and 2014, respectively. The overall positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HBc, and single anti-HBs were 4.80%, 43.01%, and 5.78% in 2006, which were 4.69%, 38.22%, and 14.18% in 2014, respectively. For vaccinated individuals, age was significantly correlated with anti-HBc in 2014 (40 < age ≤50 versus age ≤30, relative risk (RR) = 3.03, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.04–8.84). Gender [male versus female, RR = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.36–1.00 (2006); RR = 0.71, 95%CI = 0.52–0.97 (2014)] and age (in 2006) were found to be significantly associated with single anti-HBs. For unvaccinated individuals, HBsAg positivity was statistically significant correlated with gender [RR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.04–2.06, in 2006], residence (urban versus rural, RR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.24–0.67, in 2006; RR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.34–0.99, in 2014), sharing syringes [RR = 3.75, 95%CI = 1.33–10.63 (in 2006); RR = 2.07, 95%CI = 1.26–3.41 (in 2014)], infected wives (RR = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.28–3.05, in 2006), and infected husbands (RR = 2.19, 95%CI = 1.25–3.82, in 2006). Anti-HBc positivity was significantly associated with gender [RR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.10–1.30 (in 2006); RR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.09–1.40 (in 2014)], age (in 2006 and 2014), endoscopic medicine treatment [RR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.03–1.32 (in 2006), RR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.01–1.45 (in 2014)], sharing syringes (RR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.25–1.64, in 2014), body piercing (RR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.75–0.93, in 2006), infected wives (RR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.18–1.47, in 2006), and infected husbands (RR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.22–1.59, in 2006). Anti-HBs positivity was associated with age (in 2006 and 2014). Conclusions: Prevalence of HBV infection was lower in 2014 than in 2006 according to HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity. Unvaccinated individuals faced much more risk of HBV infection than those of vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Guo
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Gao
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huai Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Bai
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lieyu Huang
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Lv
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Shi
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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138
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Ye X, Liu J, Yi Z. Trends in the Epidemiology of Sexually Transmitted Disease, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Gonorrhea, and Syphilis, in the 31 Provinces of Mainland China. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5657-5665. [PMID: 31361737 PMCID: PMC6685330 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate trends in the epidemiology of the leading sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), gonorrhea, and syphilis, in the 31 provinces of mainland China. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study analyzed the incidence data of STDs from official reports in China between 2004 and 2016. The grey model first order one variable, or GM (1,1), time series forecasting model for epidemiological studies predicted the incidence of STDs based on the annual incidence reports from 31 Chinese mainland provinces. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to group the prevalence of STDs within each province. RESULTS The prediction accuracy of the GM (1,1) model was high, based on data during the 13 years between 2004 and 2016. The model predicted that the incidence rates of AIDS and syphilis would continue to increase over the next two years. Cluster analysis showed that 31 provinces could be classified into four clusters according to similarities in the incidence of STDs. Group A (Sinkiang Province) had the highest reported prevalence of syphilis. Group B included provinces with a higher incidence of gonorrhea, mainly in the southeast coast of China. Group C consisted of southwest provinces with a higher incidence of AIDS. CONCLUSIONS The GM (1,1) model was predictive for the incidence of STDs in 31 provinces in China. The predicted incidence rates of AIDS and syphilis showed an upward trend. Regional distribution of the major STDs highlights the need for targeted prevention and control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Ye
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Zhe Yi
- Department of Prothodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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139
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Zhang H, Yang L, Li L, Xu G, Zhang X. The epidemic characteristics and spatial autocorrelation analysis of hand, foot and mouth disease from 2010 to 2015 in Shantou, Guangdong, China. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:998. [PMID: 31340798 PMCID: PMC6657152 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is the highest incidence of infectious diseases in China. Shantou is one of the most infected cities. Therefore, it is necessary for us to understand the epidemic characteristics and distribution trend of HFMD in Shantou. The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial epidemiological characteristics of HFMD and analyse its spatial autocorrelation. METHOD We collated and summarised the data of HFMD in Shantou from 2010 to 2015. SaTScan software and Moran's I were used to analyse the spatial correlation of HFMD, and the results were presented in ArcMap. RESULTS The distribution of HFMD in Shantou was of a seasonal trend, mainly concentrating during May and June. Children under 5-years-old were the main group of cases of HFMD, accounting for 92.46%. The proportion of infected children, especially those aged zero to 1, was the largest in each year, accounting for 45.62%, meaning that smaller children were more susceptible to HFMD. The number of male patients with HFMD was greater than that of females (1.78:1, male: female). With regard to the potential impact of patients' living style on the incidence rate of HFMD, this study revealed that scattered children were the dominant infected population, accounting for as much 84.49% of cases. The incidence of HFMD was unevenly distributed among streets. The incidence interval of streets was in a range of 13.76/100,000 to 1135.19/100,000. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was no global spatial correlation in Shantou, except in 2013. The results of local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that H-H correlation existed in the high incidence local area of Shantou. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of HFMD across the various streets in Shantou not only varied widely but also represented local autocorrelation. Attention, as well as prevention and control measures, should be focused on those high-incidence areas, such as the Queshi street, Zhuchi street and Xinjin street.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Zhang
- MPH Education Center and Injury Preventive Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Lianpeng Yang
- MPH Education Center and Injury Preventive Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 China
- Zhuhai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 543 Ningxi road, Zhuhai, 519001 China
| | - Liping Li
- MPH Education Center and Injury Preventive Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Guangxing Xu
- Shantou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 58 Shanfen road, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Xubin Zhang
- Shantou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 58 Shanfen road, Shantou, 515041 China
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140
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Lin SW, Gao ZX, Lin LR, Luo X, Liu LL, Yang TC. Treponema pallidum enhances human monocyte migration and invasion by dysregulating the MMP/TIMP balance. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105744. [PMID: 31319358 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the infiltration of monocytes into local lesions is an obvious pathological manifestation in the pathogenesis of syphilis, little is known about the role of metalloproteinase (MMP)/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) imbalance in the migration/invasion of THP-1 cells induced by Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum). The influence of T. pallidum on the invasion and migration of THP-1 cells was evaluated. Changes in the MMP/TIMP balance and the mechanisms underlying the involvement of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in this process were explored. T. pallidum induced the migration/invasion of THP-1 cells and the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-1, MMP-9 and TIMP-1. The mRNA expression of TIMP-2 was reduced, and the protein expression of TIMP-2 was not changed. The MMP-1/TIMP-1, MMP-1/TIMP-2, MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-2 ratios were increased. Inhibition of JNK, MEK/ERK, p38 MAPK and NF-κB significantly decreased the MMP/TIMP ratio and ultimately suppressed the migration/invasion of THP-1 cells. These findings revealed that MMP/TIMP imbalances induced by T. pallidum enhanced THP-1 cell migration and invasion via MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway activation, which revealed a novel step in syphilis pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Lin
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zheng-Xiang Gao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Rong Lin
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Tian-Ci Yang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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141
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Xin HL, Yu JX, Hu MG, Jiang FC, Li XJ, Wang LP, Huang JL, Wang JF, Sun JL, Li ZJ. Evaluation of scrub typhus diagnosis in China: analysis of nationwide surveillance data from 2006 to 2016. Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8:59. [PMID: 31253202 PMCID: PMC6599364 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Scrub typhus is a life-threatening disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, and specific antimicrobial medicine is available. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for reducing the risk of severe complications and death. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the case diagnosis situation among medical care institutions and geographical regions in China, and the results will benefit both clinical practice and the disease surveillance system. Methods We extracted individual scrub typhus case data 2006–2016 from a national disease surveillance system in China. The diagnosis category and interval time from illness onset to diagnosis were compared among three levels of medical care institutions and provinces. The descriptive analysis method was performed in our study. Results During the 11-year study period, 93 481 scrub typhus cases, including 57 deaths, were recorded in the nationwide surveillance system. The overall proportion of laboratory-confirmed cases was only 4.7%, and this proportion varied greatly among primary medical centres (2.8%), county level hospitals (4.2%), and city level hospitals (6.3%). Notably, the proportion of laboratory-confirmed cases has consistently decreased from 16.3% in 2006 to 2.6% in 2016, and the same decreasing trend was found among all three levels of medical care institutions. The interval from illness onset to case diagnosis (Tdiag) for all cases was 5 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 2–9 days) and decreased from 7 days (IQR: 3–11 days) in 2006 to 5 days (IQR: 2–8 days) in 2016. The risk of death for patients with a Tdiag of > 7 days was 2.2 times higher (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.05–5.21) than that of patients with a Tdiag of < 2 days. Conclusions The interval time from illness onset to diagnosis for scrub typhus cases decreased greatly in China; however, the diagnosis rate of cases with laboratory-confirmed results must be increased among all levels of medical care institutions to reduce both the risk of death and the misuse of antibiotics associated with scrub typhus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-019-0566-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Lei Xin
- Qingdao City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jian-Xing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.,Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Dr. Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Academy of Medical Sciences of China and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Mao-Gui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Fa-Chun Jiang
- Qingdao City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Li
- Qingdao City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ji-Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jin-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jun-Ling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Zhong-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
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142
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Zhao J, Hu X. The complex transmission seasonality of hand, foot, and mouth disease and its driving factors. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:521. [PMID: 31196004 PMCID: PMC6567494 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transmission rate seasonality is an important index for transmission dynamics in many childhood infections, and has been widely studied in industrialized countries. However, it has been neglected in the study of pathogens in China. Methods To understand the transmission dynamics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), we examined the transmission rate seasonality of HFMD in three provinces, Henan, Anhui and Chongqing, in China, using a dynamical stochastic SIR model. We investigated potential driving factors, including school terms, the Chinese Spring Festival period, meteorological factors and population flux for their effects on the HFMD transmission seasonality using multiple regression models. Results The transmission rate of HFMD had complex seasonality with one large major peak in March and one small peak in autumn. School terms, the Chinese Spring Festival period, population flux and meteorological factors had combined effects on the HFMD transmission seasonality in mainland China. The school terms reflects the seasonal contact rate in Children, while the population flux and the Chinese Spring Festival period reflect the seasonal contact rate in population. They drove HFMD transmission rate seasonality in different time periods of the year in China. Contact rate seasonality in population dominated effects on HFMD transmission in February and March. The dramatic increase in transmission rate during February coincides with the Chinese Spring Festival period and high population flux in this month. The contact rate seasonality in children dominated effects on the transmission in the other months of the year in Chongqing. Meteorological factors can not solely explain the seasonality in HFMD transmission in mainland China; however, they may have combined effects with school terms and the highway passenger traffic on the transmission rate in Anhui during the fall semester. Conclusion The transmission rate of HFMD in three provinces in China had complex seasonality. The Chinese Spring Festival period, population flux and (or) school terms explained the majority of the transmission rate seasonality of HFMD, and they drove HFMD transmission rate seasonality in different time periods of the year. The Chinese Spring Festival period dominantly caused the dramatic increase of the HFMD transmission rate during February. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4153-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Zhao
- Institute of Complexity Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xiangyu Hu
- The Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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143
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Tao NN, Li YF, Liu YX, Liu JY, Song WM, Liu Y, Geng H, Wang SS, Li HC. Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among children in Shandong, China, 2005-2017. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:408. [PMID: 31077154 PMCID: PMC6511196 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in children is challenging. Epidemiological data of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are urgently needed. Methods We described trends in epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes in seven cities of Shandong province, China, during 2005–2017. Data were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Results Among 6283 (2.4% of all PTB) PTB cases aged < 18 years, 56.5% were male patients, 39.3% were smear-positive and 98.6% were new cases. The overall incidence of childhood PTB declined (7.62 to 3.74 per 100,000) during 2005–2017, with a non-significant change of annual percentage after 2010. While the incidence of smear-positive PTB (6.09 to 0.38 per 100,000 population) decreased significantly, but the incidence of smear-negative PTB (1.52 to 3.36 per 100,000 population) increased significantly during 2005–2017. The overall treatment success occurred among 94.2% childhood PTB. Ten children (0.2%) died. Conclusion The overall incidence of childhood PTB declined significantly with the disease burden shifting from smear-positive PTB to smear-negative PTB. The discrepancies between notifications and estimations in both TB morbidity and mortality of children need to be addressed urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Tao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun-Xia Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jin-Yue Liu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wan-Mei Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Geng
- Centers for Tuberculosis Control in Shandong province, Jinan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Huai-Chen Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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144
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Huai P, Li F, Li Z, Sun L, Fu X, Pan Q, Yu G, Chai Z, Chu T, Mi Z, Bao F, Wang H, Zhou B, Wang C, Sun Y, Niu G, Zhang Y, Fu F, Lang X, Wang X, Zhao H, Liu D, Liu H, Liu D, Liu J, Xu A, Zhang F. Seroprevalence and associated factors of HSV-2 infection among general population in Shandong Province, China. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:382. [PMID: 31060582 PMCID: PMC6501424 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) infection is the main cause of genital ulcer disease and increases the risk of HIV acquisition. Little information is available regards the epidemiological characteristics of HSV-2 among general population in China. The aim of this study was to explore seroprevalence and associated factors of HSV-2 and provide information for design of HSV-2 control strategy in Shandong, China. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 8074 persons, 18–49 years of age, were selected using multi-stage probability sampling to represent the general population of Shandong in 2016. Demographic data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Other variables were obtained by self-administered questionnaire surveys. Blood was collected for HSV-2 IgG detection with ELISA. Results A total of 7256 sexually-active participants were included in the analysis. The weighted seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection was 4.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2–5.3) in females, which was significant higher than that in males (2.7%; 95% CI, 1.1–4.2) (P = 0.04). The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was higher in individuals from eastern region (6.4%; 95% CI, 5.9–6.9) and urban areas (4.3%; 95% CI, 2.6–6.0) of Shandong than those from other regions (P < 0.01). Associated factors for HSV-2 infection among men were being urban residents (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.36; 95% CI, 1.14–4.88), having two or more sex partners in the past year (AOR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.90–5.43) and having commercial sex (AOR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.00–2.26). Among females, being divorced or widowed (AOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.08–2.97), having a tattoo (AOR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.07–7.84), and being dissatisfied with the sex activity quality (AOR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.24–3.63) was associated with HSV-2 infection. Conclusions This study showed a relatively low burden of HSV-2 in Shandong province, China compared with the seroprevalence reported in many other provinces and countries. HSV-2 control programs in Shandong should focus on eastern, urban and female residents, and pay more attention to individuals with identified associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Huai
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Disease, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Furong Li
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Lele Sun
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Xi'an Fu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Gongqi Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Zemin Chai
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Tongsheng Chu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Zihao Mi
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Fangfang Bao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Bingni Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Yonghu Sun
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Guiye Niu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Fanghui Fu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Lang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Daina Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Dianchang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Aiqiang Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China.
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145
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Tao NN, Li YF, Wang SS, Liu YX, Liu JY, Song WM, Liu Y, Geng H, Li HC. Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shandong, China, 2005-2017: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15778. [PMID: 31124969 PMCID: PMC6571395 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and gained insight into the future TB control plan in China.We extracted epidemiological, clinical, and geographic data from TB prevention and control institutions in 6 cities of Shandong province, China, during 2005 to 2017.Among 224,480 diagnosed PTB, rural residents accounted for 93%, smear-positive PTB 52%, and new cases 92%. The incidence rate of overall PTB declined from 40.8 to 26.25 per 100,000 during 2005 to 2017. Except smear-negative PTB (7.57-19.87 per 100,000), the incidence of smear-positive PTB and all that stratified by age, sex, and treatment history decreased. With 80% reduction, the incidence of smear-positive PTB (6.38 per 100,000) and relapse cases (1.01 per 100,000) were already very low in 2017.With persistent efforts to combat TB, the disease burden had shifted from smear-positive PTB to smear-negative PTB. While new cases need continuous attention, further reducing the incidence of smear-negative PTB and elderly patients may have a greater impact on future TB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Tao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University
| | - Yun-Xia Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University
| | - Jin-Yue Liu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Wan-Mei Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University
| | - Hong Geng
- Centers for Tuberculosis Control in Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Huai-Chen Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University
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146
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have been approved for treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in China. However, they are substantially more expensive. The current analysis will investigate the cost-effectiveness of novel regimens compared with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PR) therapies for informing Chinese decision-makers. METHODS A Markov model was developed to measure economic and health outcomes of novel regimens for genotype 1b, 2, 3, and 6 HCV infections compared with PR treatment. Clinical, cost, and utility inputs were gathered from published sources. Discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) are shown. The uncertainty was facilitated by one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS For genotype 1b HCV infection, the combination of paritaprevir, ritonavir, ombitasvir and dasabuvir was cost-saving compared with four competing alternatives. The ICERs of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for genotypes 2 and 3 were lower than the threshold ($18,234/QALY). Among available strategies for patients with genotype 6, sofosbuvir in combination with ribavirin was the cost-saving alternative compared with PR. The results were robust to sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS For both genotype 1b and 6 HCV infections in the context of Chinese patients, there were combinations of DAAs that were cost-saving compared with the usual PR treatment, and cost-effective for genotypes 2 and 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- a Medical Decision and Economic Group, Department of Pharmacy , Ren Ji Hospital, South Campus , School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- b Department of Gastroenterology , Ren Ji Hospital , School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Qing Xie
- c Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China
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147
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Cao S, Liu F, Wang T, Tan Y, Liu S, Liu Y, Gao L, Chen L. New patterns emerge after a sustained increase in the incidence of hepatitis C virus infection from 2004 to 2017: a joinpoint regression analysis. Public Health 2019; 170:49-56. [PMID: 30928613 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection continues to be a major public health concern in China. There is little information available in the literature about age- and sex-specific HCV incidence trends. The goal of this study was to examine recent trends in HCV incidence rates in Hunan, China, according to age and gender. STUDY DESIGN A descriptive study was implemented with a joinpoint analysis. METHODS Based on the annual reported incidence data of hepatitis C in Hunan, China, from 2004 to 2017, we performed a joinpoint regression analysis to examine trends in the annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in the incidence of HCV infection throughout the study period; we stratified the analysis by gender and age. The software calculates the APC, AAPC and the 95% confidence intervals for each trend segment and tests whether the slope for each segment has a significant difference from the prior segment using a Z test. RESULTS From 2004 to 2017, the overall incidence rate of HCV infection rose from 0.93 per 100,000 to 20.88 per 100,000 (AAPC, 25.2%). In particular, women aged ≥65 years had the fastest increasing rate (AAPC, 29.9%). The incidence of different demographic groups showed no significant difference in increasing trends before 2013. However, new patterns emerged after 2013: the incidence of people aged 0-14 years was no longer significantly elevated; a significant yearly decline occurred in the incidence of HCV in people aged 15-29 years; the incidence of HCV in people aged ≥30 years continued to increase, with significantly slower increasing rates than before; and women aged ≥65 years showed a significantly higher yearly increase in incidence than that in men in the same age group (APC, 11.1% in women versus 5.3% in men). CONCLUSION The overall increasing rate of HCV infection significantly slowed after 2007 and 2013. The differences in incidence trends among demographic groups have obviously increased in the last 5 years, and the reasons underlying these different trends urgently require further study. People in older age groups, especially women aged ≥65 years, still experienced increases in incidence rates in the last 5 years. This finding indicates that programmes for the prevention and control of HCV infection in older people require continued strengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- Department of Public Health Emergency Treatment, Hunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
| | - Yaqing Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
| | - Shujun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Hunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China
| | - Lidong Gao
- Department of Public Health Emergency Treatment, Hunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China.
| | - Lizhang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China.
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148
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Zhang X. Veterinary infectious diseases control in China. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 19:354-356. [PMID: 30938292 PMCID: PMC7128199 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and Department of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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149
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Liu LL, Lin Y, Zhuang JC, Ren J, Jiang XY, Chen MH, Chen W, Luo X, Yan JH, Niu JJ, Yang TC. Analysis of serum metabolite profiles in syphilis patients by untargeted metabolomics. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1378-1385. [PMID: 30803039 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global metabolomics analysis can provide substantial information on energy metabolism, physiology, possible diagnostic biomarkers and intervention strategies for pathogens. OBJECTIVE To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of syphilis and analysis of serum metabolite profiles in syphilis patients. METHODS We conducted an untargeted metabolomics analysis of serum from 20 syphilis patients and 20 healthy controls. RESULTS A total of 2890 molecular features were extracted from each sample, and the peak intensity of each feature was obtained. Distinct differential metabolites were identified by principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. Furthermore, five metabolites were identified as significantly different by Student's t-test, including trimethylamine N-oxide, l-arginine, lysoPC(18:0), betaine and acetylcarnitine. KEGG analysis showed that these differential metabolites were in various pathways, including Chagas disease, fatty acid biosynthesis, primary bile acid biosynthesis, Salmonella infection, ABC transporters, glycerophospholipid metabolism and choline metabolism. Among them, trimethylamine N-oxide was 3.922 times in patients with syphilis than healthy controls. CONCLUSION Trimethylamine N-oxide may be used as an indicator to distinguish between syphilis patients and healthy controls. The changes in these metabolites suggest that Treponema pallidum affects the normal metabolic activity of host cells, providing some clues for elucidating the pathogenesis of T. pallidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-L Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Y Lin
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - J-C Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - J Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - X-Y Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - M-H Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - W Chen
- Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - X Luo
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - J-H Yan
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - J-J Niu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - T-C Yang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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150
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Population Pharmacokinetics Study of Nemonoxacin Among Chinese Patients With Moderate Hepatic Impairment. Clin Ther 2019; 41:505-517.e0. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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