201
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Chen Y, Yan SM, Pu Z, Feng J, Tan L, Li Y, Hu H, Huang W, Lin Y, Peng Z, He X, Huang F, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Dopamine signaling promotes tissue-resident memory differentiation of CD8+ T cells and antitumor immunity. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3130-3142. [PMID: 35802647 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM)-cells have been associated with robust protective anti-tumor immune responses and improved prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that modulate either the production or activity of TRM cells could be effective for treating cancer. Using a high-throughput drug screen, we showed that the neurotransmitter dopamine drives differentiation of CD8+ T cells into CD103+ TRM cells. In murine syngeneic tumor xenograft models and clinical human colon cancer samples, DRD5 served as the major functional dopamine receptor on CD8+ T cells and positively correlated with TRM cell density. DRD5 deficiency led to a failure of CD8+ T cells to accumulate in tissues, resulting in impaired TRM cell formation, reduced effector function, and uncontrolled disease progression. Moreover, dopamine treatment promoted the antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells and suppressed colorectal cancer growth in immunocompentent mouse models, and ex-vivo pre-conditioning with dopamine enhanced the in vivo efficacy of CAR-T cells. Finally, in a colorectal cancer patient cohort, dopamine expression was positively associated with patient survival and CD8+ T cell infiltration. These findings suggest that dopaminergic immunoregulation plays an important role in the differentiation of CD8+ cells into CD103+ TRM cells and thereby modulates TRM-elicited antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshi Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Mei Yan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Pu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinzhu Feng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Likai Tan
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yuzhuang Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongrong Hu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yingtong Lin
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilin Peng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin He
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Feng Huang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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202
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Gu W, Madrid DMC, Joyce S, Driver JP. A single-cell analysis of thymopoiesis and thymic iNKT cell development in pigs. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111050. [PMID: 35793622 PMCID: PMC9704770 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many aspects of the porcine immune system remain poorly characterized, which poses a barrier to improving swine health and utilizing pigs as preclinical models. Here, we employ single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to create a cell atlas of the early-adolescent pig thymus. Our data show conserved features as well as species-specific differences in cell states and cell types compared with human thymocytes. We also describe several unconventional T cell types with gene expression profiles associated with innate effector functions. This includes a cell census of more than 11,000 differentiating invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, which reveals that the functional diversity of pig iNKT cells differs substantially from the iNKT0/1/2/17 subset differentiation paradigm established in mice. Our data characterize key differentiation events in porcine thymopoiesis and iNKT cell maturation and provide important insights into pig T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Gu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institution for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John P Driver
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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203
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Jameson G, Harmon C, Santiago RM, Houlihan DD, Gallagher TK, Lynch L, Robinson MW, O’Farrelly C. Human Hepatic CD56bright NK Cells Display a Tissue-Resident Transcriptional Profile and Enhanced Ability to Kill Allogenic CD8+ T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:921212. [PMID: 35865550 PMCID: PMC9295839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-resident CD56brightCD16- natural killer (NK) cells are enriched in the human liver and are phenotypically distinct from their blood counterparts. Although these cells are capable of rapid cytotoxic effector activity, their functional role remains unclear. We hypothesise that they may contribute to immune tolerance in the liver during transplantation. RNA sequencing was carried out on FACS sorted NK cell subpopulations from liver perfusates (n=5) and healthy blood controls (n=5). Liver-resident CD56brightCD16+/- NK cells upregulate genes associated with tissue residency. They also upregulate expression of CD160 and LY9, both of which encode immune receptors capable of activating NK cells. Co-expression of CD160 and Ly9 on liver-resident NK cells was validated using flow cytometry. Hepatic NK cell cytotoxicity against allogenic T cells was tested using an in vitro co-culture system of liver perfusate-derived NK cells and blood T cells (n=10-13). In co-culture experiments, hepatic NK cells but not blood NK cells induced significant allogenic T cell death (p=0.0306). Allogenic CD8+ T cells were more susceptible to hepatic NK cytotoxicity than CD4+ T cells (p<0.0001). Stimulation of hepatic CD56bright NK cells with an anti-CD160 agonist mAb enhanced this cytotoxic response (p=0.0382). Our results highlight a role for donor liver NK cells in regulating allogenic CD8+ T cell activation, which may be important in controlling recipient CD8+ T cell-mediated rejection post liver-transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gráinne Jameson
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cathal Harmon
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rhyla Mae Santiago
- Department of Biology, Kathleen Lonsdale Institute of Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | - Tom K. Gallagher
- Hepatopancreaticobiliary Group, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark W. Robinson
- Department of Biology, Kathleen Lonsdale Institute of Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Mark W. Robinson,
| | - Cliona O’Farrelly
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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204
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Tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells possess unique transcriptional, epigenetic and functional adaptations to different tissue environments. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1121-1131. [PMID: 35761084 PMCID: PMC10041538 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) provide protective immunity, but the contributions of specific tissue environments to TRM cell differentiation and homeostasis are not well understood. In the present study, the diversity of gene expression and genome accessibility by mouse CD8+ TRM cells from distinct organs that responded to viral infection revealed both shared and tissue-specific transcriptional and epigenetic signatures. TRM cells in the intestine and salivary glands expressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced genes and were maintained by ongoing TGF-β signaling, whereas those in the fat, kidney and liver were not. Constructing transcriptional-regulatory networks identified the transcriptional repressor Hic1 as a critical regulator of TRM cell differentiation in the small intestine and showed that Hic1 overexpression enhanced TRM cell differentiation and protection from infection. Provision of a framework for understanding how CD8+ TRM cells adapt to distinct tissue environments, and identification of tissue-specific transcriptional regulators mediating these adaptations, inform strategies to boost protective memory responses at sites most vulnerable to infection.
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205
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Wang Y, Wang J. Intravital Imaging of Inflammatory Response in Liver Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:922041. [PMID: 35837329 PMCID: PMC9274191 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.922041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthy liver requires a strictly controlled crosstalk between immune and nonimmune cells to maintain its function and homeostasis. A well-conditioned immune system can effectively recognize and clear noxious stimuli by a self-limited, small-scale inflammatory response. This regulated inflammatory process enables the liver to cope with daily microbial exposure and metabolic stress, which is beneficial for hepatic self-renewal and tissue remodeling. However, the failure to clear noxious stimuli or dysregulation of immune response can lead to uncontrolled liver inflammation, liver dysfunction, and severe liver disease. Numerous highly dynamic circulating immune cells and sessile resident immune and parenchymal cells interact and communicate with each other in an incredibly complex way to regulate the inflammatory response in both healthy and diseased liver. Intravital imaging is a powerful tool to visualize individual cells in vivo and has been widely used for dissecting the behavior and interactions between various cell types in the complex architecture of the liver. Here, we summarize some new findings obtained with the use of intravital imaging, which enhances our understanding of the complexity of immune cell behavior, cell–cell interaction, and spatial organization during the physiological and pathological liver inflammatory response.
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206
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Le T, Reeves RK, McKinnon LR. The Functional Diversity of Tissue-Resident Natural Killer Cells Against Infection. Immunology 2022; 167:28-39. [PMID: 35751452 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, studies of natural killer (NK) cells have focused on those found in peripheral blood (PBNK cells) as the prototype for NK cell biology. Only recently have researchers begun to explore the diversity of tissue-resident NK (tr-NK) cells. While tr-NK cells were initially identified from mice parabiosis and intravascular staining experiments, they can also be identified by tissue retention markers such as CD69, CD103, and others. More importantly, tr-NK cells have distinct functions compared to PBNK cells. Within the liver, there are diverse subsets of tr-NK cells expressing different combinations of tissue-retention markers and transcription factors, the clinical relevance of which are still unclear. Functionally, liver tr-NK are primed with immediate responsiveness to infection and equipped with regulatory mechanisms to prevent liver damage. When decidual NK (dNK) cells were first discovered, they were mainly characterized by their reduced cytotoxicity and functions related to placental development. Recent studies, however, revealed different mechanisms by which dNK cells prevent uterine infections. The lungs are one of the most highly exposed sites for infection due to their role in oxygen exchange. Upon influenza infection, lung tr-NK cells can degranulate and produce more inflammatory cytokines than PBNK cells. Less understood are gut tr-NK cells which were recently characterized in infants and adults for their functional differences. In this mini-review, we aim to provide a brief overview of the most recent discoveries on how several tr-NK cells are implicated in the immune response against infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Le
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
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207
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La Manna MP, Shekarkar Azgomi M, Tamburini B, Badami GD, Mohammadnezhad L, Dieli F, Caccamo N. Phenotypic and Immunometabolic Aspects on Stem Cell Memory and Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:884148. [PMID: 35784300 PMCID: PMC9247337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system, smartly and surprisingly, saves the exposure of a particular pathogen in its memory and reacts to the pathogen very rapidly, preventing serious diseases.Immunologists have long been fascinated by understanding the ability to recall and respond faster and more vigorously to a pathogen, known as “memory”.T-cell populations can be better described by using more sophisticated techniques to define phenotype, transcriptional and epigenetic signatures and metabolic pathways (single-cell resolution), which uncovered the heterogeneity of the memory T-compartment. Phenotype, effector functions, maintenance, and metabolic pathways help identify these different subsets. Here, we examine recent developments in the characterization of the heterogeneity of the memory T cell compartment. In particular, we focus on the emerging role of CD8+ TRM and TSCM cells, providing evidence on how their immunometabolism or modulation can play a vital role in their generation and maintenance in chronic conditions such as infections or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pio La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bartolo Tamburini
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusto Davide Badami
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Leila Mohammadnezhad
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nadia Caccamo,
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208
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O'Connor JH, McNamara HA, Cai Y, Coupland LA, Gardiner EE, Parish CR, McMorran BJ, Ganusov VV, Cockburn IA. Interactions with Asialo-Glycoprotein Receptors and Platelets Are Dispensable for CD8 + T Cell Localization in the Murine Liver. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2738-2748. [PMID: 35649630 PMCID: PMC9308657 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liver-resident CD8+ T cells can play critical roles in the control of pathogens, including Plasmodium and hepatitis B virus. Paradoxically, it has also been proposed that the liver may act as the main place for the elimination of CD8+ T cells at the resolution of immune responses. We hypothesized that different adhesion processes may drive residence versus elimination of T cells in the liver. Specifically, we investigated whether the expression of asialo-glycoproteins (ASGPs) drives the localization and elimination of effector CD8+ T cells in the liver, while interactions with platelets facilitate liver residence and protective function. Using murine CD8+ T cells activated in vitro, or in vivo by immunization with Plasmodium berghei sporozoites, we found that, unexpectedly, inhibition of ASGP receptors did not inhibit the accumulation of effector cells in the liver, but instead prevented these cells from accumulating in the spleen. In addition, enforced expression of ASGP on effector CD8+ T cells using St3GalI-deficient cells lead to their loss from the spleen. We also found, using different mouse models of thrombocytopenia, that severe reduction in platelet concentration in circulation did not strongly influence the residence and protective function of CD8+ T cells in the liver. These data suggest that platelets play a marginal role in CD8+ T cell function in the liver. Furthermore, ASGP-expressing effector CD8+ T cells accumulate in the spleen, not the liver, prior to their destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H O'Connor
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Hayley A McNamara
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yeping Cai
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Lucy A Coupland
- Division of Genome Science and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; and
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- Division of Genome Science and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; and
| | - Christopher R Parish
- Division of Genome Science and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; and
| | - Brendan J McMorran
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Vitaly V Ganusov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Ian A Cockburn
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;
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209
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Staying home or leaving for a party: tissue-dependent choices of tissue-resident memory T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:651-652. [DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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210
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Lyu Y, Zhou Y, Shen J. An Overview of Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Intestine: From Physiological Functions to Pathological Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912393. [PMID: 35711464 PMCID: PMC9192946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intestine contains a complex network of innate and adaptive immune cells that provide protective immunity. The dysfunction of this network may cause various chronic diseases. A large number of T cells in the human intestine have been identified as tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM). TRM are present in the peripheral tissues, and they do not recirculate through the blood. It is known that TRM provide rapid immune responses at the frontline of pathogen invasion. Recent evidence also suggests that these cells play a role in tumor surveillance and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the general features of intestinal TRM together with their role in intestinal infection, colorectal cancer (CRC), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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211
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Cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells sense cancer cell-expressed interleukin-15 to suppress human and murine malignancies. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:904-915. [PMID: 35618834 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malignancy can be suppressed by the immune system. However, the classes of immunosurveillance responses and their mode of tumor sensing remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that although clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) was infiltrated by exhaustion-phenotype CD8+ T cells that negatively correlated with patient prognosis, chromophobe RCC (chRCC) had abundant infiltration of granzyme A-expressing intraepithelial type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) that positively associated with patient survival. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) promoted ILC1 granzyme A expression and cytotoxicity, and IL-15 expression in chRCC tumor tissue positively tracked with the ILC1 response. An ILC1 gene signature also predicted survival of a subset of breast cancer patients in association with IL-15 expression. Notably, ILC1s directly interacted with cancer cells, and IL-15 produced by cancer cells supported the expansion and anti-tumor function of ILC1s in a murine breast cancer model. Thus, ILC1 sensing of cancer cell IL-15 defines an immunosurveillance mechanism of epithelial malignancies.
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212
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Cenerenti M, Saillard M, Romero P, Jandus C. The Era of Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867189. [PMID: 35572552 PMCID: PMC9094409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1986, Mosmann and Coffman identified 2 functionally distinct subsets of activated CD4 T cells, Th1 and Th2 cells, being key in distinct T cell mediated responses. Over the past three decades, our understanding of CD4 T cell differentiation has expanded and the initial paradigm of a dichotomic CD4 T cell family has been revisited to accommodate a constantly growing number of functionally distinct CD4 T helper and regulatory subpopulations. Of note, CD4 T cells with cytotoxic functions have also been described, initially in viral infections, autoimmune disorders and more recently also in cancer settings. Here, we provide an historical overview on the discovery and characterization of cytotoxic CD4 T cells, followed by a description of their mechanisms of cytotoxicity. We emphasize the relevance of these cells in disease conditions, particularly in cancer, and we provide insights on how to exploit these cells in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Cenerenti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margaux Saillard
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
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213
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Koetzier SC, van Langelaar J, Melief MJ, Wierenga-Wolf AF, Corsten CEA, Blok KM, Hoeks C, Broux B, Wokke B, van Luijn MM, Smolders J. Distinct Effector Programs of Brain-Homing CD8+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101634. [PMID: 35626671 PMCID: PMC9139595 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effector programs of CD8+ memory T cells are influenced by the transcription factors RUNX3, EOMES and T-bet. How these factors define brain-homing CD8+ memory T cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unknown. To address this, we analyzed blood, CSF and brain tissues from MS patients for the impact of differential RUNX3, EOMES and T-bet expression on CD8+ T cell effector phenotypes. The frequencies of RUNX3- and EOMES-, but not T-bet-expressing CD8+ memory T cells were reduced in the blood of treatment-naïve MS patients as compared to healthy controls. Such reductions were not seen in MS patients treated with natalizumab (anti-VLA-4 Ab). We found an additional loss of T-bet in RUNX3-expressing cells, which was associated with the presence of MS risk SNP rs6672420 (RUNX3). RUNX3+EOMES+T-bet− CD8+ memory T cells were enriched for the brain residency-associated markers CCR5, granzyme K, CD20 and CD69 and selectively dominated the MS CSF. In MS brain tissues, T-bet coexpression was recovered in CD20dim and CD69+ CD8+ T cells, and was accompanied by increased coproduction of granzyme K and B. These results indicate that coexpression of RUNX3 and EOMES, but not T-bet, defines CD8+ memory T cells with a pre-existing brain residency-associated phenotype such that they are prone to enter the CNS in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C. Koetzier
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.C.K.); (J.v.L.); (M.-J.M.); (A.F.W.-W.)
- MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.E.A.C.); (K.M.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Jamie van Langelaar
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.C.K.); (J.v.L.); (M.-J.M.); (A.F.W.-W.)
- MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.E.A.C.); (K.M.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Marie-José Melief
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.C.K.); (J.v.L.); (M.-J.M.); (A.F.W.-W.)
- MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.E.A.C.); (K.M.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Annet F. Wierenga-Wolf
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.C.K.); (J.v.L.); (M.-J.M.); (A.F.W.-W.)
- MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.E.A.C.); (K.M.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Cato E. A. Corsten
- MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.E.A.C.); (K.M.B.); (B.W.)
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katelijn M. Blok
- MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.E.A.C.); (K.M.B.); (B.W.)
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy Hoeks
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (C.H.); (B.B.)
- University MS Center, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (C.H.); (B.B.)
- University MS Center, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Beatrijs Wokke
- MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.E.A.C.); (K.M.B.); (B.W.)
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marvin M. van Luijn
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.C.K.); (J.v.L.); (M.-J.M.); (A.F.W.-W.)
- MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.E.A.C.); (K.M.B.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.v.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Joost Smolders
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.C.K.); (J.v.L.); (M.-J.M.); (A.F.W.-W.)
- MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.E.A.C.); (K.M.B.); (B.W.)
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.M.v.L.); (J.S.)
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214
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Mettelman RC, Allen EK, Thomas PG. Mucosal immune responses to infection and vaccination in the respiratory tract. Immunity 2022; 55:749-780. [PMID: 35545027 PMCID: PMC9087965 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The lungs are constantly exposed to inhaled debris, allergens, pollutants, commensal or pathogenic microorganisms, and respiratory viruses. As a result, innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract are tightly regulated and are in continual flux between states of enhanced pathogen clearance, immune-modulation, and tissue repair. New single-cell-sequencing techniques are expanding our knowledge of airway cellular complexity and the nuanced connections between structural and immune cell compartments. Understanding these varied interactions is critical in treatment of human pulmonary disease and infections and in next-generation vaccine design. Here, we review the innate and adaptive immune responses in the lung and airways following infection and vaccination, with particular focus on influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has put pulmonary research firmly into the global spotlight, challenging previously held notions of respiratory immunity and helping identify new populations at high risk for respiratory distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Mettelman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - E Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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215
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Anadon CM, Yu X, Hänggi K, Biswas S, Chaurio RA, Martin A, Payne KK, Mandal G, Innamarato P, Harro CM, Mine JA, Sprenger KB, Cortina C, Powers JJ, Costich TL, Perez BA, Gatenbee CD, Prabhakaran S, Marchion D, Heemskerk MHM, Curiel TJ, Anderson AR, Wenham RM, Rodriguez PC, Conejo-Garcia JR. Ovarian cancer immunogenicity is governed by a narrow subset of progenitor tissue-resident memory T cells. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:545-557.e13. [PMID: 35427494 PMCID: PMC9096229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite repeated associations between T cell infiltration and outcome, human ovarian cancer remains poorly responsive to immunotherapy. We report that the hallmarks of tumor recognition in ovarian cancer-infiltrating T cells are primarily restricted to tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells. Single-cell RNA/TCR/ATAC sequencing of 83,454 CD3+CD8+CD103+CD69+ TRM cells and immunohistochemistry of 122 high-grade serous ovarian cancers shows that only progenitor (TCF1low) tissue-resident T cells (TRMstem cells), but not recirculating TCF1+ T cells, predict ovarian cancer outcome. TRMstem cells arise from transitional recirculating T cells, which depends on antigen affinity/persistence, resulting in oligoclonal, trogocytic, effector lymphocytes that eventually become exhausted. Therefore, ovarian cancer is indeed an immunogenic disease, but that depends on ∼13% of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells (∼3% of CD8+ clonotypes), which are primed against high-affinity antigens and maintain waves of effector TRM-like cells. Our results define the signature of relevant tumor-reactive T cells in human ovarian cancer, which could be applicable to other tumors with unideal mutational burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Anadon
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kay Hänggi
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Subir Biswas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ricardo A Chaurio
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alexandra Martin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kyle K Payne
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Gunjan Mandal
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Patrick Innamarato
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Carly M Harro
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jessica A Mine
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kimberly B Sprenger
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Carla Cortina
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - John J Powers
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Tara Lee Costich
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Bradford A Perez
- Department of Radiation Therapy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chandler D Gatenbee
- Department of Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sandhya Prabhakaran
- Department of Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Douglas Marchion
- Department of Tissue Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Alexander R Anderson
- Department of Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Robert M Wenham
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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216
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Gilbertson SE, Walter HC, Gardner K, Wren SN, Vahedi G, Weinmann AS. Topologically associating domains are disrupted by evolutionary genome rearrangements forming species-specific enhancer connections in mice and humans. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110769. [PMID: 35508135 PMCID: PMC9142060 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing between conserved and divergent regulatory mechanisms is
essential for translating preclinical research from mice to humans, yet there is
a lack of information about how evolutionary genome rearrangements affect the
regulation of the immune response, a rapidly evolving system. The current model
is topologically associating domains (TADs) are conserved between species,
buffering evolutionary rearrangements and conserving long-range interactions
within a TAD. However, we find that TADs frequently span evolutionary
translocation and inversion breakpoints near genes with species-specific
expression in immune cells, creating unique enhancer-promoter interactions
exclusive to the mouse or human genomes. This includes TADs encompassing
immune-related transcription factors, cytokines, and receptors. For example, we
uncover an evolutionary rearrangement that created a shared LPS-inducible
regulatory module between OASL and P2RX7 in
human macrophages that is absent in mice. Therefore, evolutionary genome
rearrangements disrupt TAD boundaries, enabling sequence-conserved enhancer
elements from divergent genomic locations between species to create unique
regulatory modules. It is currently unclear how evolutionary genome rearrangements affecting
the mouse and human genomes influence the expression of genes important in
immunity. Gilbertson et al. report that evolutionary genome rearrangements
disrupt topologically associating domain boundaries, enabling sequence-conserved
enhancer elements from divergent locations between species to create unique
regulatory modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hannah C Walter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Katherine Gardner
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Spencer N Wren
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Golnaz Vahedi
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Immunology, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amy S Weinmann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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217
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Song J, Song H, Wei H, Sun R, Tian Z, Peng H. Requirement of RORα for maintenance and antitumor immunity of liver-resident natural killer cells/ILC1s. Hepatology 2022; 75:1181-1193. [PMID: 34510508 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD AND AIMS Liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s), also known as liver-resident natural killer (LrNK) cells, comprise a high proportion of total hepatic ILCs. However, factors regulating their maintenance and function remain unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS In this study, we found high expression of retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor alpha (RORα) in LrNK cells/ILC1s. Mice with conditional ablation of retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor alpha (Rorα) in LrNK cells/ILC1s and conventional natural killer (cNK) cells had decreased LrNK cells/ILC1s but normal numbers of cNK cells. RORα-deficient LrNK cells/ILC1s displayed increased apoptosis and significantly altered transcriptional profile. Using a murine model of colorectal cancer liver metastasis, we found that RORα conditional deficiency resulted in more aggressive liver tumor progression and impaired effector molecule expression in LrNK cells/ILC1s. Consequently, treatment with the RORα agonist efficiently limited liver metastases and promoted effector molecule expression of LrNK cells/ILC1s. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a role of RORα in LrNK cell/ILC1 maintenance and function, providing insights into the harnessing of LrNK cell/ILC1 activity in the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Hao Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Haiming Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Rui Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Research Unit of NK Cell StudyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Hui Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
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218
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Schroeder JH, Howard JK, Lord GM. Transcription factor-driven regulation of ILC1 and ILC3. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:564-579. [PMID: 35618586 PMCID: PMC10166716 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have functional relevance under both homeostatic and disease settings, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly in the context of maintaining the integrity of mucosal surfaces. Early reports highlighted group 1 and 3 ILC regulatory transcription factors (TFs), T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet; Tbx21) and RAR-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt; Rorc), as key regulators of ILC biology. Since then, other canonical TFs have been shown to have a role in the development and function of ILC subsets. In this review, we focus on recent insights into the balance between mature ILC1 and ILC3 based on these TFs and how they interact with other key cell-intrinsic molecular pathways. We outline how this TF interplay might be explored to identify novel candidate therapeutic avenues for human diseases.
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219
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Abdeljaoued S, Arfa S, Kroemer M, Ben Khelil M, Vienot A, Heyd B, Loyon R, Doussot A, Borg C. Tissue-resident memory T cells in gastrointestinal cancer immunology and immunotherapy: ready for prime time? J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003472. [PMID: 35470231 PMCID: PMC9039405 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells have emerged as immune sentinels that patrol the tissue microenvironment and orchestrate localized antitumor immunity in various solid cancers. Recent studies have revealed that TRM cells are key players in cancer immunosurveillance, and their involvement has been linked to favorable responses to immunotherapy as well as general better clinical outcome in cancer patients. In this review, we provide an overview of the major advances and recent findings regarding TRM cells phenotype, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in cancer with a special focus on gastrointestinal tumors. Finally, we highlight the exciting clinical implication of TRM cells in these types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Abdeljaoued
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France .,Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, Besançon, France
| | - Sara Arfa
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Marie Kroemer
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, Besançon, France.,Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Myriam Ben Khelil
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France
| | - Angélique Vienot
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Bruno Heyd
- Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Romain Loyon
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France
| | - Alexandre Doussot
- Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
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220
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Abstract
Tissue-resident immune cells span both myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages, have been found in multiple human tissues, and play integral roles at all stages of the immune response, from maintaining homeostasis to responding to infectious challenges to resolution of inflammation to tissue repair. In humans, studying immune cells and responses in tissues is challenging, although recent advances in sampling and high-dimensional profiling have provided new insights into the ontogeny, maintenance, and functional role of tissue-resident immune cells. Each tissue contains a specific complement of resident immune cells. Moreover, resident immune cells for each lineage share core properties, along with tissue-specific adaptations. Here we propose a five-point checklist for defining resident immune cell types in humans and describe the currently known features of resident immune cells, their mechanisms of development, and their putative functional roles within various human organs. We also consider these aspects of resident immune cells in the context of future studies and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua I Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA;
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA;
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
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221
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Wang T, Shi J, Li L, Zhou X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Wang Y, Liu L, Sheng L. Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Inter-Tumor Heterogeneity in Bilateral Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840811. [PMID: 35515000 PMCID: PMC9065345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), yet the composition and the phenotype of cells within the TME in bilateral PTC are poorly understood. Methods We performed unbiased transcriptome-wide single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on 29,561 cells from 3 pairs of bilateral PTC and 1 non-tumor thyroid sample. The results of the analysis were validated by a large-scale bulk transcriptomic dataset deposited in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Results Our integrative analysis of thyroid follicular cells revealed 42 signaling pathways enriched in malignant follicular cells, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway. A 6-gene signature (CXCL3, CXCL1, IL1A, CCL5, TNFRSF12A, and IL18) in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway was constructed to predict the prognosis of patients with PTC, with high risk scores being associated with decreased overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.863, 95% CI = 2.233-6.682, p < 0.001]. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) indicated that the pathways enriched in bilateral PTC were significantly different, indicating great heterogeneity in bilateral PTC, even with the same BRAF V600E mutation. Comprehensive analysis of T cells revealed that the proportion of CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells expressing IFNG decreased in tumor samples with advanced N stage. Within the myeloid compartment, the ratio of suppressive M2-like to pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages increased with advanced disease stage, which was confirmed in the bulk dataset using transcriptomic profiles. In addition, we also identified numerous biologically critical interactions among myeloid cells, T cells, and follicular cells, which were related to T-cell recruitment, M2-like macrophage polarization, malignant follicular cell progression, and T-cell inhibitory signaling. Conclusion Our integrative analyses revealed great inter-tumor heterogeneity within the TME in bilateral PTC, which will offer assistance for precise diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyuan Shi
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Luchuan Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Scientific Research, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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222
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Vincenti I, Page N, Steinbach K, Yermanos A, Lemeille S, Nunez N, Kreutzfeldt M, Klimek B, Di Liberto G, Egervari K, Piccinno M, Shammas G, Mariotte A, Fonta N, Liaudet N, Shlesinger D, Liuzzi AR, Wagner I, Saadi C, Stadelmann C, Reddy S, Becher B, Merkler D. Tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells cooperate with CD4 + T cells to drive compartmentalized immunopathology in the CNS. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl6058. [PMID: 35417190 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl6058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In chronic inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), immune cells persisting behind the blood-brain barrier are supposed to promulgate local tissue destruction. The drivers of such compartmentalized inflammation remain unclear, but tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) represent a potentially important cellular player in this process. Here, we investigated whether resting CD8+ TRM persisting after cleared infection with attenuated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) can initiate immune responses directed against cognate self-antigen in the CNS. We demonstrated that time-delayed conditional expression of the LCMV glycoprotein as neo-self-antigen by glia cells reactivated CD8+ TRM. Subsequently, CD8+ TRM expanded and initiated CNS inflammation and immunopathology in an organ-autonomous manner independently of circulating CD8+ T cells. However, in the absence of CD4+ T cells, TCF-1+ CD8+ TRM failed to expand and differentiate into terminal effectors. Similarly, in human demyelinating CNS autoimmune lesions, we found CD8+ T cells expressing TCF-1 that predominantly exhibited a TRM-like phenotype. Together, our study provides evidence for CD8+ TRM-driven CNS immunopathology and sheds light on why inflammatory processes may evade current immunomodulatory treatments in chronic autoimmune CNS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilena Vincenti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Page
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karin Steinbach
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Yermanos
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Nunez
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bogna Klimek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kristof Egervari
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margot Piccinno
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ghazal Shammas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Mariotte
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Fonta
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Liaudet
- Bioimaging core facility, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Shlesinger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Rita Liuzzi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cynthia Saadi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sai Reddy
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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223
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Reuschl AK, Mesner D, Shivkumar M, Whelan MVX, Pallett LJ, Guerra-Assunção JA, Madansein R, Dullabh KJ, Sigal A, Thornhill JP, Herrera C, Fidler S, Noursadeghi M, Maini MK, Jolly C. HIV-1 Vpr drives a tissue residency-like phenotype during selective infection of resting memory T cells. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110650. [PMID: 35417711 PMCID: PMC9350556 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 replicates in CD4+ T cells, leading to AIDS. Determining how HIV-1 shapes its niche to create a permissive environment is central to informing efforts to limit pathogenesis, disturb reservoirs, and achieve a cure. A key roadblock in understanding HIV-T cell interactions is the requirement to activate T cells in vitro to make them permissive to infection. This dramatically alters T cell biology and virus-host interactions. Here we show that HIV-1 cell-to-cell spread permits efficient, productive infection of resting memory T cells without prior activation. Strikingly, we find that HIV-1 infection primes resting T cells to gain characteristics of tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), including upregulating key surface markers and the transcription factor Blimp-1 and inducing a transcriptional program overlapping the core TRM transcriptional signature. This reprogramming is driven by Vpr and requires Vpr packaging into virions and manipulation of STAT5. Thus, HIV-1 reprograms resting T cells, with implications for viral replication and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Reuschl
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Dejan Mesner
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maitreyi Shivkumar
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Matthew V X Whelan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laura J Pallett
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Rajhmun Madansein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4091, South Africa; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban 4091, South Africa
| | - Kaylesh J Dullabh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4091, South Africa
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban 4001, South Africa; School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4091, South Africa; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - John P Thornhill
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3XY, UK; Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W2 1NY, UK; Imperial College NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Clare Jolly
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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224
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Nixon BG, Chou C, Krishna C, Dadi S, Michel AO, Cornish AE, Kansler ER, Do MH, Wang X, Capistrano KJ, Rudensky AY, Leslie CS, Li MO. Cytotoxic granzyme C-expressing ILC1s contribute to antitumor immunity and neonatal autoimmunity. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi8642. [PMID: 35394814 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi8642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphocytes are integral components of the cellular immune system that can coordinate host defense against a multitude of challenges and trigger immunopathology when dysregulated. Natural killer (NK) cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate immune effectors postulated to functionally mirror conventional cytotoxic T lymphocytes and helper T cells, respectively. Here, we showed that the cytolytic molecule granzyme C was expressed in cells with the phenotype of type 1 ILCs (ILC1s) in mouse liver and salivary gland. Cell fate-mapping and transfer studies revealed that granzyme C-expressing innate lymphocytes could be derived from ILC progenitors and did not interconvert with NK cells, ILC2s, or ILC3s. Granzyme C defined a maturation state of ILC1s. These granzyme C-expressing ILC1s required the transcription factors T-bet and, to a lesser extent, Eomes and support from transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling for their maintenance in the salivary gland. In a transgenic mouse breast cancer model, depleting ILC1s caused accelerated tumor growth. ILC1s gained granzyme C expression following interleukin-15 (IL-15) stimulation, which enabled perforin-mediated cytotoxicity. Constitutive activation of STAT5, a transcription factor regulated by IL-15, in granzyme C-expressing ILC1s triggered lethal perforin-dependent autoimmunity in neonatal mice. Thus, granzyme C marks a cytotoxic effector state of ILC1s, broadening their function beyond "helper-like" lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana G Nixon
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chun Chou
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chirag Krishna
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Saïda Dadi
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Adam O Michel
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew E Cornish
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Emily R Kansler
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mytrang H Do
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Alexander Y Rudensky
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christina S Leslie
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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225
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Oja AE, van Lier RAW, Hombrink P. Two sides of the same coin: Protective versus pathogenic CD4 + resident memory T cells. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabf9393. [PMID: 35394815 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf9393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the adaptive immune system to form memory is key to providing protection against secondary infections. Resident memory T cells (TRM) are specialized T cell populations that reside within tissue sites where they await reencounter with their cognate antigen. TRM are distinct from circulating memory cells, including central and effector memory T cells, both functionally and transcriptionally. Since the discovery of TRM, most research has focused on CD8+ TRM, despite that CD4+ TRM are also abundant in most tissues. In the past few years, more evidence has emerged that CD4+ TRM can contribute both protective and pathogenic roles in disease. A complexity inherent to the CD4+ TRM field is the ability of CD4+ T cells to polarize into a multitude of distinct subsets and recognize not only viruses and intracellular bacteria but also extracellular bacteria, fungi, and parasites. In this review, we outline the key features of CD4+ TRM in health and disease, including their contributions to protection against SARS-CoV-2 and potential contributions to immunopathology associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Oja
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René A W van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pleun Hombrink
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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226
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Parga-Vidal L, Taggenbrock RLRE, Beumer-Chuwonpad A, Aglmous H, Kragten NAM, Behr FM, Bovens AA, van Lier RAW, Stark R, van Gisbergen KPJM. Hobit and Blimp-1 regulate T RM abundance after LCMV infection by suppressing tissue exit pathways of T RM precursors. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1095-1111. [PMID: 35389518 PMCID: PMC9545210 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue‐resident memory T cells (Trm) are retained in peripheral tissues after infection for enhanced protection against secondary encounter with the same pathogen. We have previously shown that the transcription factor Hobit and its homolog Blimp‐1 drive Trm development after viral infection, but how and when these transcription factors mediate Trm formation remains poorly understood. In particular, the major impact of Blimp‐1 in regulating several aspects of effector T‐cell differentiation impairs study of its specific role in Trm development. Here, we used the restricted expression of Hobit in the Trm lineage to develop mice with a conditional deletion of Blimp‐1 in Trm, allowing us to specifically investigate the role of both transcription factors in Trm differentiation. We found that Hobit and Blimp‐1 were required for the upregulation of CD69 and suppression of CCR7 and S1PR1 on virus‐specific Trm precursors after LCMV infection, underlining a role in their retention within tissues. The early impact of Hobit and Blimp‐1 favored Trm formation and prevented the development of circulating memory T cells. Thus, our findings highlight a role of Hobit and Blimp‐1 at the branching point of circulating and resident memory lineages by suppressing tissue egress of Trm precursors early during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Parga-Vidal
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske L R E Taggenbrock
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ammarina Beumer-Chuwonpad
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hajar Aglmous
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja A M Kragten
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix M Behr
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid A Bovens
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene A W van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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227
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Parga-Vidal L, van Aalderen MC, Stark R, van Gisbergen KPJM. Tissue-resident memory T cells in the urogenital tract. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:209-223. [PMID: 35079143 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of T cell memory responses changed drastically with the discovery that specialized T cell memory populations reside within peripheral tissues at key pathogen entry sites. These tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells can respond promptly to an infection without the need for migration, proliferation or differentiation. This rapid and local deployment of effector functions maximizes the ability of TRM cells to eliminate pathogens. TRM cells do not circulate through peripheral tissues but instead form isolated populations in the skin, gut, liver, kidneys, the reproductive tract and other organs. This long-term retention in the periphery might allow TRM cells to fully adapt to the local conditions of their environment and mount customized responses to counter infection and tumour growth in a tissue-specific manner. In the urogenital tract, TRM cells must adapt to a unique microenvironment to confer protection against potential threats, including cancer and infection, while preventing the onset of auto-inflammatory disease. In this Review, we discuss insights into the diversification of TRM cells from other memory T cell lineages, the adaptations of TRM cells to their local environment, and their enhanced capacity to counter infection and tumour growth compared with other memory T cell populations, especially in the urogenital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Parga-Vidal
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel C van Aalderen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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228
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Philip M, Schietinger A. CD8 + T cell differentiation and dysfunction in cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:209-223. [PMID: 34253904 PMCID: PMC9792152 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 201.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells specific for cancer cells are detected within tumours. However, despite their presence, tumours progress. The clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell therapy demonstrates the potential of CD8+ T cells to mediate antitumour responses; however, most patients with cancer fail to achieve long-term responses to immunotherapy. Here we review CD8+ T cell differentiation to dysfunctional states during tumorigenesis. We highlight similarities and differences between T cell dysfunction and other hyporesponsive T cell states and discuss the spatio-temporal factors contributing to T cell state heterogeneity in tumours. An important challenge is predicting which patients will respond to immunotherapeutic interventions and understanding which T cell subsets mediate the clinical response. We explore our current understanding of what determines T cell responsiveness and resistance to immunotherapy and point out the outstanding research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Philip
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,;
| | - Andrea Schietinger
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,;
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229
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Lu Y, Zhang MX, Pang W, Song TZ, Zheng HY, Tian RR, Zheng YT. Transcription Factor ZNF683 Inhibits SIV/HIV Replication through Regulating IFNγ Secretion of CD8+ T Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040719. [PMID: 35458449 PMCID: PMC9030044 DOI: 10.3390/v14040719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary microbial invasion frequently occurs during AIDS progression in HIV patients. Inflammatory cytokines and other immunoregulatory factors play important roles in this process. We previously established an AIDS model of SIVmac239 infection in northern pig-tailed macaques (NPMs), which were divided into rapid progressor (RP) and slow progressor (SP) groups according to their AIDS progression rates. In this study, we performed 16S rDNA and transcriptome sequencing of the lungs to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the difference in progression rate between the RPs and SPs. We found that microbial invasion in the RP group was distinct from that in the SP group, showing marker flora of the Family XI, Enterococcus and Ezakiella, and more Lactobacilli. Through pulmonary transcriptome analysis, we found that the transcription factor ZNF683 had higher expression in the SP group than in the RP group. In subsequent functional experiments, we found that ZNF683 increased the proliferation and IFNγ secretion ability of CD8+ T cells, thus decreasing SIV or HIV replication, which may be related to AIDS progression in SIVmac239-infected NPMs. This study helps elucidate the various complexities of disease progression in HIV-1-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (Y.L.); (M.-X.Z.); (W.P.); (T.-Z.S.); (H.-Y.Z.); (R.-R.T.)
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Ming-Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (Y.L.); (M.-X.Z.); (W.P.); (T.-Z.S.); (H.-Y.Z.); (R.-R.T.)
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (Y.L.); (M.-X.Z.); (W.P.); (T.-Z.S.); (H.-Y.Z.); (R.-R.T.)
| | - Tian-Zhang Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (Y.L.); (M.-X.Z.); (W.P.); (T.-Z.S.); (H.-Y.Z.); (R.-R.T.)
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (Y.L.); (M.-X.Z.); (W.P.); (T.-Z.S.); (H.-Y.Z.); (R.-R.T.)
| | - Ren-Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (Y.L.); (M.-X.Z.); (W.P.); (T.-Z.S.); (H.-Y.Z.); (R.-R.T.)
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (Y.L.); (M.-X.Z.); (W.P.); (T.-Z.S.); (H.-Y.Z.); (R.-R.T.)
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-871-65295684
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230
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Bunting MD, Vyas M, Requesens M, Langenbucher A, Schiferle EB, Manguso RT, Lawrence MS, Demehri S. Extracellular matrix proteins regulate NK cell function in peripheral tissues. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk3327. [PMID: 35294229 PMCID: PMC8926340 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells reject major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-deficient bone marrow through direct cytotoxicity but not solid organ transplants devoid of MHC-I. Here, we demonstrate an immediate switch in NK cell function upon exit from the circulation, characterized by a shift from direct cytotoxicity to chemokine/cytokine production. In the skin transplant paradigm, combining an NK cell-specific activating ligand, m157, with missing self MHC-I resulted in complete graft rejection, which was dependent on NK cells as potential helpers and T cells as effectors. Extracellular matrix proteins, collagen I, collagen III, and elastin, blocked NK cell cytotoxicity and promoted their chemokine/cytokine production. NK cell cytotoxicity against MHC-I-deficient melanoma in the skin was markedly increased by blocking tumor collagen deposition. MHC-I down-regulation occurred in solid human cancers but not leukemias, which could be directly targeted by circulating cytotoxic NK cells. Our findings uncover a fundamental mechanism that restricts direct NK cell cytotoxicity in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Bunting
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Maulik Vyas
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marta Requesens
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Adam Langenbucher
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Erik B. Schiferle
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert T. Manguso
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael S. Lawrence
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shadmehr Demehri
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Corresponding author.
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231
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Park SL, Christo SN, Mackay LK. ICOS-play: dressing T cells for residency. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:280-282. [PMID: 35272933 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Efficient generation of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells is essential for long-lived immune protection in barrier tissues. Peng et al. now show that the costimulatory molecule ICOS enhances CD8+ TRM cell lodgment by promoting early tissue retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Park
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan N Christo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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232
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Cendón C, Du W, Durek P, Liu YC, Alexander T, Serene L, Yang X, Gasparoni G, Salhab A, Nordström K, Lai T, Schulz AR, Rao A, Heinz GA, Stefanski AL, Claußnitzer A, Siewert K, Dörner T, Chang HD, Volk HD, Romagnani C, Qin Z, Hardt S, Perka C, Reinke S, Walter J, Mashreghi MF, Thurley K, Radbruch A, Dong J. Resident memory CD4+ T lymphocytes mobilize from bone marrow to contribute to a systemic secondary immune reaction. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:737-752. [PMID: 35245389 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Resident memory T lymphocytes (TRM ) of epithelial tissues and the bone marrow protect their host tissue. To what extent these cells are mobilized and contribute to systemic immune reactions is less clear. Here we show that in secondary immune reactions to the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, CD4+ TRM are mobilized into the blood within 16 to 48 hours after immunization in humans. This mobilization of TRM is cognate: TRM recognizing other antigens are not mobilized, unless they cross-react with the vaccine. We also demonstrate through methylome analyses that TRM are mobilized from the bone marrow. These mobilized cells make significant contribution to the systemic immune reaction, as evidenced by their T-cell receptor Vβ clonotypes represented among the newly generated circulating memory T-cells, 14 days after vaccination. Thus, TRM of the bone marrow confer not only local, but also systemic immune memory. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cendón
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Weijie Du
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuk-Chien Liu
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Alexander
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lindsay Serene
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Computational Epigenomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland (UdS), Campus, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Abdulrahman Salhab
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland (UdS), Campus, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Karl Nordström
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland (UdS), Campus, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Tina Lai
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel R Schulz
- Mass Cytometry, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Rao
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gitta A Heinz
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana L Stefanski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Claußnitzer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katherina Siewert
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Schwiete-Laboratory for Microbiota and Inflammation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Medical Department / Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, China.,Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sebastian Hardt
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Reinke
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland (UdS), Campus, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Mir-F Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Thurley
- Systems Biology of Inflammation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Dong
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
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233
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Rha MS, Han JW, Koh JY, Lee HS, Kim JH, Cho K, Kim SI, Kim MS, Lee JG, Park SH, Joo DJ, Park JY, Shin EC. Impaired antibacterial response of liver sinusoidal Vγ9 +Vδ2 + T cells in patients with chronic liver disease. Gut 2022; 71:605-615. [PMID: 33472894 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The liver acts as a frontline barrier against diverse gut-derived pathogens, and the sinusoid is the primary site of liver immune surveillance. However, little is known about liver sinusoidal immune cells in the context of chronic liver disease (CLD). Here, we investigated the antibacterial capacity of liver sinusoidal γδ T cells in patients with various CLDs. DESIGN We analysed the frequency, phenotype and functions of human liver sinusoidal γδ T cells from healthy donors and recipients with CLD, including HBV-related CLD (liver cirrhosis (LC) and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)), alcoholic LC and LC or HCC of other aetiologies, by flow cytometry and RNA-sequencing using liver perfusates obtained during living donor liver transplantation. We also measured the plasma levels of D-lactate and bacterial endotoxin to evaluate bacterial translocation. RESULTS The frequency of liver sinusoidal Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells was reduced in patients with CLD. Immunophenotypic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that liver sinusoidal Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells from patients with CLD were persistently activated and pro-apoptotic. In addition, liver sinusoidal Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells from patients with CLD showed significantly decreased interferon (IFN)-γ production following stimulation with bacterial metabolites and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial IFN-γ response of liver sinusoidal Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells significantly correlated with liver function, and inversely correlated with the plasma level of D-lactate in patients with CLD. Repetitive in vitro stimulation with E. coli induced activation, apoptosis and functional impairment of liver sinusoidal Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells. CONCLUSION Liver sinusoidal Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells are functionally impaired in patients with CLD. Bacterial translocation and decreasing liver functions are associated with functional impairment of liver sinusoidal Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seok Rha
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Seok Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjoo Cho
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Joo
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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234
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Regulation of tissue-resident memory T cells by the Microbiota. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:408-417. [PMID: 35194180 PMCID: PMC9063729 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Resident memory T cells (Trms) predominantly reside within tissue and are critical for providing rapid protection against invasive viruses, fungi and bacteria. Given that tissues are heavily impacted and shaped by the microbiota, it stands to reason that Trms are also influenced by the microbiota that inhabits barrier sites. The influence of the microbiota is largely mediated by microbial production of metabolites which are crucial to the immune response to both viral infection and cancerous tumors. In addition to the effects of metabolites, antigens derived from the microbiota can activate T cell responses. While microbiota-specific T cells may assist in tissue repair, control of infection and anti-tumor immunity, the actual 'memory' potential of these cells remains unclear. Here, we hypothesize that memory responses to antigens from the microbiota must be 'licensed' by inflammatory signals activated by invasion of the host by microorganisms.
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235
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Konjar Š, Ficht X, Iannacone M, Veldhoen M. Heterogeneity of Tissue Resident Memory T cells. Immunol Lett 2022; 245:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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236
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Nadeau S, Martins GA. Conserved and Unique Functions of Blimp1 in Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:805260. [PMID: 35154079 PMCID: PMC8829541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.805260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp1), is an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional regulator originally described as a repressor of gene transcription. Blimp1 crucially regulates embryonic development and terminal differentiation in numerous cell lineages, including immune cells. Initial investigations of Blimp1’s role in immunity established its non-redundant role in lymphocytic terminal effector differentiation and function. In B cells, Blimp1 drives plasmablast formation and antibody secretion, whereas in T cells, Blimp1 regulates functional differentiation, including cytokine gene expression. These studies established Blimp1 as an essential transcriptional regulator that promotes efficient and controlled adaptive immunity. Recent studies have also demonstrated important roles for Blimp1 in innate immune cells, specifically myeloid cells, and Blimp1 has been established as an intrinsic regulator of dendritic cell maturation and T cell priming. Emerging studies have determined both conserved and unique functions of Blimp1 in different immune cell subsets, including the unique direct activation of the igh gene transcription in B cells and a conserved antagonism with BCL6 in B cells, T cells, and myeloid cells. Moreover, polymorphisms associated with the gene encoding Blimp1 (PRDM1) have been linked to numerous chronic inflammatory conditions in humans. Blimp1 has been shown to regulate target gene expression by either competing with other transcription factors for binding to the target loci, and/or by recruiting various chromatin-modifying co-factors that promote suppressive chromatin structure, such as histone de-acetylases and methyl-transferases. Further, Blimp1 function has been shown to be essentially dose and context-dependent, which adds to Blimp1’s versatility as a regulator of gene expression. Here, we review Blimp1’s complex roles in immunity and highlight specific gaps in the understanding of the biology of this transcriptional regulator, with a major focus on aspects that could foster the description and understanding of novel pathways regulated by Blimp1 in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Nadeau
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute (IBIRI), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gislâine A Martins
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute (IBIRI), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC), Los Angeles, CA, United States
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237
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Ulcerative colitis is characterized by a plasmablast-skewed humoral response associated with disease activity. Nat Med 2022; 28:766-779. [PMID: 35190725 PMCID: PMC9107072 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
B cells, which are critical for intestinal homeostasis, remain understudied in ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, we recruited three cohorts of patients with UC (primary cohort, n = 145; validation cohort 1, n = 664; and validation cohort 2, n = 143) to comprehensively define the landscape of B cells during UC-associated intestinal inflammation. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, single-cell IgH gene sequencing and protein-level validation, we mapped the compositional, transcriptional and clonotypic landscape of mucosal and circulating B cells. We found major perturbations within the mucosal B cell compartment, including an expansion of naive B cells and IgG+ plasma cells with curtailed diversity and maturation. Furthermore, we isolated an auto-reactive plasma cell clone targeting integrin αvβ6 from inflamed UC intestines. We also identified a subset of intestinal CXCL13-expressing TFH-like T peripheral helper cells that were associated with the pathogenic B cell response. Finally, across all three cohorts, we confirmed that changes in intestinal humoral immunity are reflected in circulation by the expansion of gut-homing plasmablasts that correlates with disease activity and predicts disease complications. Our data demonstrate a highly dysregulated B cell response in UC and highlight a potential role of B cells in disease pathogenesis.
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238
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Noé A, Datoo MS, Flaxman A, Husainy MA, Jenkin D, Bellamy D, Makinson RA, Morter R, Ramos Lopez F, Sheridan J, Voukantsis D, Prasad N, Hill AVS, Ewer KJ, Spencer AJ. Deep Immune Phenotyping and Single-Cell Transcriptomics Allow Identification of Circulating TRM-Like Cells Which Correlate With Liver-Stage Immunity and Vaccine-Induced Protection From Malaria. Front Immunol 2022; 13:795463. [PMID: 35197971 PMCID: PMC8859435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.795463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection from liver-stage malaria requires high numbers of CD8+ T cells to find and kill Plasmodium-infected cells. A new malaria vaccine strategy, prime-target vaccination, involves sequential viral-vectored vaccination by intramuscular and intravenous routes to target cellular immunity to the liver. Liver tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells have been shown to be necessary and sufficient for protection against rodent malaria by this vaccine regimen. Ultimately, to most faithfully assess immunotherapeutic responses by these local, specialised, hepatic T cells, periodic liver sampling is necessary, however this is not feasible at large scales in human trials. Here, as part of a phase I/II P. falciparum challenge study of prime-target vaccination, we performed deep immune phenotyping, single-cell RNA-sequencing and kinetics of hepatic fine needle aspirates and peripheral blood samples to study liver CD8+ TRM cells and circulating counterparts. We found that while these peripheral ‘TRM-like’ cells differed to TRM cells in terms of previously described characteristics, they are similar phenotypically and indistinguishable in terms of key T cell residency transcriptional signatures. By exploring the heterogeneity among liver CD8+ TRM cells at single cell resolution we found two main subpopulations that each share expression profiles with blood T cells. Lastly, our work points towards the potential for using TRM−like cells as a correlate of protection by liver-stage malaria vaccines and, in particular, those adopting a prime-target approach. A simple and reproducible correlate of protection would be particularly valuable in trials of liver-stage malaria vaccines as they progress to phase III, large-scale testing in African infants. We provide a blueprint for understanding and monitoring liver TRM cells induced by a prime-target malaria vaccine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Noé
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Andrés Noé, ; ; Alexandra J. Spencer,
| | - Mehreen S. Datoo
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Flaxman
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel Jenkin
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Bellamy
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard Morter
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Voukantsis
- Bioinformatics Hub, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Naveen Prasad
- Bioinformatics Hub, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katie J. Ewer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra J. Spencer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Andrés Noé, ; ; Alexandra J. Spencer,
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239
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Saini A, Ghoneim HE, Lio CWJ, Collins PL, Oltz EM. Gene Regulatory Circuits in Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells. Annu Rev Immunol 2022; 40:387-411. [PMID: 35119910 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-025949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cell identity and function largely rely on the programming of transcriptomes during development and differentiation. Signature gene expression programs are orchestrated by regulatory circuits consisting of cis-acting promoters and enhancers, which respond to a plethora of cues via the action of transcription factors. In turn, transcription factors direct epigenetic modifications to revise chromatin landscapes, and drive contacts between distal promoter-enhancer combinations. In immune cells, regulatory circuits for effector genes are especially complex and flexible, utilizing distinct sets of transcription factors and enhancers, depending on the cues each cell type receives during an infection, after sensing cellular damage, or upon encountering a tumor. Here, we review major players in the coordination of gene regulatory programs within innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as integrative omics approaches that can be leveraged to decipher their underlying circuitry. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 40 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Saini
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; ,
| | - Hazem E Ghoneim
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; ,
| | - Chan-Wang Jerry Lio
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; ,
| | - Patrick L Collins
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; ,
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; ,
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240
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Tsuda S, Pipkin ME. Transcriptional Control of Cell Fate Determination in Antigen-Experienced CD8 T Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a037945. [PMID: 34127445 PMCID: PMC8805646 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Robust immunity to intracellular infections is mediated by antigen-specific naive CD8 T cells that become activated and differentiate into phenotypically and functionally diverse subsets of effector cells, some of which terminally differentiate and others that give rise to memory cells that provide long-lived protection. This developmental system is an outstanding model with which to elucidate how regulation of chromatin structure and transcriptional control establish gene expression programs that govern cell fate determination, insights from which are likely to be useful for informing the design of immunotherapeutic approaches to engineer durable immunity to infections and tumors. A unifying framework that describes how naive CD8 T cells develop into memory cells is still outstanding. We propose a model that incorporates a common early linear path followed by divergent paths that slowly lose capacity to interconvert and discuss classical and contemporary observations that support these notions, focusing on insights from transcriptional control and chromatin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanel Tsuda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Matthew E Pipkin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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241
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Hasan MH, Beura LK. Cellular interactions in resident memory T cell establishment and function. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 74:68-75. [PMID: 34794039 PMCID: PMC8901561 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) are enriched in non-lymphoid tissues and represent a formidable barrier against invading pathogens and tumors. TRM are armed with deployment ready effector molecules which combined with their frontline location allows them to be early organizing centers of our immune defense. Despite their autonomous nature, TRM rely on careful collaboration with other immune and non-immune cells located within the barrier organ to exert their superior protective role. Here, we highlight recent studies focusing on cellular interactions that regulate TRM establishment and function. A deeper understanding of these processes is instrumental in designing new means to target TRM for desirable outcomes in infectious diseases, cancers and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Hasan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Lalit K. Beura
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States,Corresponding author Please send all correspondence to
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242
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An autoimmune stem-like CD8 T cell population drives type 1 diabetes. Nature 2022; 602:156-161. [PMID: 34847567 PMCID: PMC9315050 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CD8 T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases result from the breakdown of self-tolerance mechanisms in autoreactive CD8 T cells1. How autoimmune T cell populations arise and are sustained, and the molecular programmes defining the autoimmune T cell state, are unknown. In type 1 diabetes, β-cell-specific CD8 T cells destroy insulin-producing β-cells. Here we followed the fate of β-cell-specific CD8 T cells in non-obese diabetic mice throughout the course of type 1 diabetes. We identified a stem-like autoimmune progenitor population in the pancreatic draining lymph node (pLN), which self-renews and gives rise to pLN autoimmune mediators. pLN autoimmune mediators migrate to the pancreas, where they differentiate further and destroy β-cells. Whereas transplantation of as few as 20 autoimmune progenitors induced type 1 diabetes, as many as 100,000 pancreatic autoimmune mediators did not. Pancreatic autoimmune mediators are short-lived, and stem-like autoimmune progenitors must continuously seed the pancreas to sustain β-cell destruction. Single-cell RNA sequencing and clonal analysis revealed that autoimmune CD8 T cells represent unique T cell differentiation states and identified features driving the transition from autoimmune progenitor to autoimmune mediator. Strategies aimed at targeting the stem-like autoimmune progenitor pool could emerge as novel and powerful immunotherapeutic interventions for type 1 diabetes.
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243
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de Almeida GP, Lichtner P, Eckstein G, Brinkschmidt T, Chu CF, Sun S, Reinhard J, Mädler SC, Kloeppel M, Verbeek M, Zielinski CE. Human skin-resident host T cells can persist long term after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and maintain recirculation potential. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabe2634. [PMID: 35089814 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) have recently emerged as crucial cellular players for host defense in a wide variety of tissues and barrier sites. Insights into the maintenance and regulatory checkpoints of human TRM cells remain scarce, especially due to the difficulties associated with tracking T cells through time and space in humans. We therefore sought to identify and characterize skin-resident T cells in humans defined by their long-term in situ lodgment. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) preceded by myeloablative chemotherapy unmasked long-term sequestration of host T cell subsets in human skin despite complete donor T cell chimerism in the blood. Single-cell chimerism analysis paired with single-cell transcriptional profiling comprehensively characterized these bona fide long-term skin-resident T cells and revealed differential tissue maintenance for distinct T cell subsets, specific TRM cell markers such as galectin-3, but also tissue exit potential with retention of the transcriptomic TRM cell identity. Analysis of 26 allo-HSCT patients revealed profound interindividual variation in the tissue maintenance of host skin T cells. The long-term persistence of host skin T cells in a subset of these patients did not correlate with the development of chronic GvHD. Our data exemplify the power of exploiting a clinical situation as a proof of concept for the existence of bona fide human skin TRM cells and reveal long-term persistence of host T cells in a peripheral tissue but not in the circulation or bone marrow in a subset of allo-HSCT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo P de Almeida
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gertrud Eckstein
- Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tonio Brinkschmidt
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Infection Immunology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Chang-Feng Chu
- TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Infection Immunology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Shan Sun
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research partner site, Munich, Germany.,Department of Infection Immunology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Kloeppel
- Klinikum rechts der Isar and Praxisklinik für Ästhetische Chirurgie und Medizin, Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Verbeek
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina E Zielinski
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research partner site, Munich, Germany.,Department of Infection Immunology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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244
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Zhang J, Rousseaux N, Walzer T. Eomes and T‐bet, a dynamic duo regulating NK cell differentiation. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100281. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Noémi Rousseaux
- CIRI Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France
| | - Thierry Walzer
- CIRI Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France
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245
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Abstract
The development of therapies to eliminate the latent HIV-1 reservoir is hampered by our incomplete understanding of the biomolecular mechanism governing HIV-1 latency. To further complicate matters, recent single cell RNA-seq studies reported extensive heterogeneity between latently HIV-1-infected primary T cells, implying that latent HIV-1 infection can persist in greatly differing host cell environments. We here show that transcriptomic heterogeneity is also found between latently infected T cell lines, which allowed us to study the underlying mechanisms of intercell heterogeneity at high signal resolution. Latently infected T cells exhibited a de-differentiated phenotype, characterized by the loss of T cell-specific markers and gene regulation profiles reminiscent of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). These changes had functional consequences. As reported for stem cells, latently HIV-1 infected T cells efficiently forced lentiviral superinfections into a latent state and favored glycolysis. As a result, metabolic reprogramming or cell re-differentiation destabilized latent infection. Guided by these findings, data-mining of single cell RNA-seq data of latently HIV-1 infected primary T cells from patients revealed the presence of similar dedifferentiation motifs. >20% of the highly detectable genes that were differentially regulated in latently infected cells were associated with hematopoietic lineage development (e.g. HUWE1, IRF4, PRDM1, BATF3, TOX, ID2, IKZF3, CDK6) or were hematopoietic markers (SRGN; hematopoietic proteoglycan core protein). The data add to evidence that the biomolecular phenotype of latently HIV-1 infected cells differs from normal T cells and strategies to address their differential phenotype need to be considered in the design of therapeutic cure interventions. IMPORTANCE HIV-1 persists in a latent reservoir in memory CD4 T cells for the lifetime of a patient. Understanding the biomolecular mechanisms used by the host cells to suppress viral expression will provide essential insights required to develop curative therapeutic interventions. Unfortunately, our current understanding of these control mechanisms is still limited. By studying gene expression profiles, we demonstrated that latently HIV-1-infected T cells have a de-differentiated T cell phenotype. Software-based data integration allowed for the identification of drug targets that would re-differentiate viral host cells and, in extension, destabilize latent HIV-1 infection events. The importance of the presented data lies within the clear demonstration that HIV-1 latency is a host cell phenomenon. As such, therapeutic strategies must first restore proper host cell functionality to accomplish efficient HIV-1 reactivation.
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246
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Peng C, Huggins MA, Wanhainen KM, Knutson TP, Lu H, Georgiev H, Mittelsteadt KL, Jarjour NN, Wang H, Hogquist KA, Campbell DJ, Borges da Silva H, Jameson SC. Engagement of the costimulatory molecule ICOS in tissues promotes establishment of CD8 + tissue-resident memory T cells. Immunity 2022; 55:98-114.e5. [PMID: 34932944 PMCID: PMC8755622 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Elevated gene expression of the costimulatory receptor Icos is a hallmark of CD8+ tissue-resident memory (Trm) T cells. Here, we examined the contribution of ICOS in Trm cell differentiation. Upon transfer into WT mice, Icos-/- CD8+ T cells exhibited defective Trm generation but produced recirculating memory populations normally. ICOS deficiency or ICOS-L blockade compromised establishment of CD8+ Trm cells but not their maintenance. ICOS ligation during CD8+ T cell priming did not determine Trm induction; rather, effector CD8+ T cells showed reduced Trm differentiation after seeding into Icosl-/- mice. IcosYF/YF CD8+ T cells were compromised in Trm generation, indicating a critical role for PI3K signaling. Modest transcriptional changes in the few Icos-/- Trm cells suggest that ICOS-PI3K signaling primarily enhances the efficiency of CD8+ T cell tissue residency. Thus, local ICOS signaling promotes production of Trm cells, providing insight into the contribution of costimulatory signals in the generation of tissue-resident populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Peng
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Matthew A. Huggins
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kelsey M. Wanhainen
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Todd P. Knutson
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Hanbin Lu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hristo Georgiev
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,Current address: Institute of immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D-30625, Germany
| | - Kristen L. Mittelsteadt
- Benaroya Research Institute and Department of Immunology University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Nicholas N. Jarjour
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Haiguang Wang
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kristin A. Hogquist
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel J. Campbell
- Benaroya Research Institute and Department of Immunology University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Henrique Borges da Silva
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,Current address: Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Stephen C. Jameson
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,Corresponding author and lead contact:
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247
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Li JH, O’Sullivan TE. Back to the Future: Spatiotemporal Determinants of NK Cell Antitumor Function. Front Immunol 2022; 12:816658. [PMID: 35082797 PMCID: PMC8785903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.816658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells play a crucial role in host protection during tumorigenesis. Throughout tumor development, however, NK cells become progressively dysfunctional through a combination of dynamic tissue-specific and systemic factors. While a number of immunosuppressive mechanisms present within the tumor microenvironment have been characterized, few studies have contextualized the spatiotemporal dynamics of these mechanisms during disease progression and across anatomical sites. Understanding how NK cell immunosuppression evolves in these contexts will be necessary to optimize NK cell therapy for solid and metastatic cancers. Here, we outline the spatiotemporal determinants of antitumor NK cell regulation, including heterogeneous tumor architecture, temporal disease states, diverse cellular communities, as well as the complex changes in NK cell states produced by the sum of these higher-order elements. Understanding of the signals encountered by NK cells across time and space may reveal new therapeutic targets to harness the full potential of NK cell therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey H. Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy E. O’Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
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248
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Ciucci T, Vacchio MS, Chen T, Nie J, Chopp LB, McGavern DB, Kelly MC, Bosselut R. Dependence on Bcl6 and Blimp1 drive distinct differentiation of murine memory and follicular helper CD4+ T cells. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20202343. [PMID: 34792530 PMCID: PMC8605495 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During the immune response, CD4+ T cells differentiate into distinct effector subtypes, including follicular helper T (Tfh) cells that help B cells, and into memory cells. Tfh and memory cells are required for long-term immunity; both depend on the transcription factor Bcl6, raising the question whether they differentiate through similar mechanisms. Here, using single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing, we show that virus-responding CD4+ T cells lacking both Bcl6 and Blimp1 can differentiate into cells with transcriptomic, chromatin accessibility, and functional attributes of memory cells but not of Tfh cells. Thus, Bcl6 promotes memory cell differentiation primarily through its repression of Blimp1. These findings demonstrate that distinct mechanisms underpin the differentiation of memory and Tfh CD4+ cells and define the Bcl6-Blimp1 axis as a potential target for promoting long-term memory T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ciucci
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Melanie S. Vacchio
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ting Chen
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jia Nie
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura B. Chopp
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dorian B. McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael C. Kelly
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rémy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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249
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Evrard M, Wynne-Jones E, Peng C, Kato Y, Christo SN, Fonseca R, Park SL, Burn TN, Osman M, Devi S, Chun J, Mueller SN, Kannourakis G, Berzins SP, Pellicci DG, Heath WR, Jameson SC, Mackay LK. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1PR5) regulates the peripheral retention of tissue-resident lymphocytes. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20210116. [PMID: 34677611 PMCID: PMC8546662 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells provide long-lasting immune protection. One of the key events controlling TRM cell development is the local retention of TRM cell precursors coupled to downregulation of molecules necessary for tissue exit. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1PR5) is a migratory receptor with an uncharted function in T cells. Here, we show that S1PR5 plays a critical role in T cell infiltration and emigration from peripheral organs, as well as being specifically downregulated in TRM cells. Consequentially, TRM cell development was selectively impaired upon ectopic expression of S1pr5, whereas loss of S1pr5 enhanced skin TRM cell formation by promoting peripheral T cell sequestration. Importantly, we found that T-bet and ZEB2 were required for S1pr5 induction and that local TGF-β signaling was necessary to promote coordinated Tbx21, Zeb2, and S1pr5 downregulation. Moreover, S1PR5-mediated control of tissue residency was conserved across innate and adaptive immune compartments. Together, these results identify the T-bet-ZEB2-S1PR5 axis as a previously unappreciated mechanism modulating the generation of tissue-resident lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien Evrard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica Wynne-Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Changwei Peng
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Yu Kato
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan N. Christo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raissa Fonseca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone L. Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas N. Burn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maleika Osman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sapna Devi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Scott N. Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Federation University Australia and Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart P. Berzins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Federation University Australia and Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel G. Pellicci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cellular Immunology Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William R. Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen C. Jameson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Laura K. Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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250
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Das A, Harly C, Ding Y, Bhandoola A. ILC Differentiation from Progenitors in the Bone Marrow. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1365:7-24. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8387-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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