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Dishlers A, Petrovskis I, Skrastina D, Zarina I, Lieknina I, Jansons J, Akopjana I, Zakova J, Ose V, Sominskaya I. PreS1 Containing HBc VLPs for the Development of a Combined Therapeutic/Prophylactic Hepatitis B Vaccine. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040972. [PMID: 37110395 PMCID: PMC10142831 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The available HBV vaccines based on the HBV surface protein are manufactured in yeasts and demonstrate excellent prophylactic but no therapeutic activity and are thus ineffective against chronic HBV infection. Five different HBV core proteins (HBc)-full length and C-terminally truncated-were used for the insertion of the short, preS1,aa 20-47 and long, preS1phil, aa 12-60 + 89-119 fragments. Modified virus-like particles (VLPs) were compared for their biotechnological and immunological properties. The expression level of HBc-preS1 proteins was high for all investigated proteins, allowing us to obtain 10-20 mg of purified VLPs from a gram of biomass with the combination of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography to reach approximately 90% purity of target proteins. The immunogenicity of chimeric VLPs was tested in BALB/c mice, showing a high anti-preS1 response and substantial T-cell proliferation after stimulation with HBc protein. Targeted incorporation of oligonucleotide ODN 1668 in modified HBc-preS1 VLPs was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andris Dishlers
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ivars Petrovskis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Dace Skrastina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ieva Zarina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilva Lieknina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Juris Jansons
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inara Akopjana
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jelena Zakova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Velta Ose
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Irina Sominskaya
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, 1067 Riga, Latvia
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Rinker F, Bremer CM, Schröder K, Wiegand SB, Bremer B, Manns MP, Kraft AR, Wedemeyer H, Yang L, Pavlovic V, Wat C, Gerlich WH, Glebe D, Cornberg M. Quantitation of large, middle and small hepatitis B surface proteins in HBeAg-positive patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2a. Liver Int 2020; 40:324-332. [PMID: 31721419 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) contains three viral surface proteins, large, middle and small hepatitis B surface protein (LHBs, MHBs, SHBs). Proportions of LHBs and MHBs are lower in patients with inactive vs active chronic infection. Interferon alfa may convert hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) to an inactive carrier state, but prediction of sustained response is unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that quantification of MHBs and LHBs may allow for a better prognosis of therapeutic response than total hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) concentration. METHODS Hepatitis B surface proteins were measured before and during peginterferon alfa-2a therapy in serum from 127 Asian patients with HBeAg-positive CHB. Sustained response was defined as HBeAg seroconversion 24 weeks post-treatment. RESULTS Mean total HBs levels were significantly lower in responders vs nonresponders at all time points (P < .05) and decreased steadily during the initial 24 weeks treatment (by 1.16 vs 0.86 ng/mL in responders/nonresponders respectively) with unchanged relative proportions. Genotype B had a two-fold higher proportion of LHBs than genotype C (13% vs 6%). HBV DNA, HBeAg, HBsAg and HBs protein levels predicted response equally well but not optimally (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values >0.70). CONCLUSIONS Hepatitis B surface protein levels differ by HBV genotype. However, quantification of HBs proteins has no advantage over the already established HBsAg assays to predict response to peginterferon alfa-2a therapy in HBeAg-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rinker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corinna M Bremer
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, National Reference Center for Hepatitis B and D viruses, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schröder
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, National Reference Center for Hepatitis B and D viruses, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Steffen B Wiegand
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Bremer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anke R Kraft
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lei Yang
- Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Product Development-Biometrics/Biostatistics, Shanghai, China
| | - Vedran Pavlovic
- Roche Products Ltd, Product Development-Clinical Science, Welwyn Garden City, UK
| | - Cynthia Wat
- Roche Products Ltd, Product Development-Clinical Science, Welwyn Garden City, UK
| | - Wolfram H Gerlich
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, National Reference Center for Hepatitis B and D viruses, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dieter Glebe
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, National Reference Center for Hepatitis B and D viruses, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.,Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CIIM), A Joint Venture of Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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The Hepatitis B Virus Core Variants that Expose Foreign C-Terminal Insertions on the Outer Surface of Virus-Like Particles. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 57:1038-49. [PMID: 26446016 PMCID: PMC4619458 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9895-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The major immunodominant region (MIR) and N-terminus of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) core (HBc) protein were used to expose foreign insertions on the outer surface of HBc virus-like particles (VLPs). The additions to the HBc positively charged arginine-rich C-terminal (CT) domain are usually not exposed on the VLP surface. Here, we constructed a set of recombinant HBcG vectors in which CT arginine stretches were substituted by glycine residues. In contrast to natural HBc VLPs and recombinant HBc VLP variants carrying native CT domain, the HBcG VLPs demonstrated a lowered capability to pack bacterial RNA during expression in Escherichia coli cells. The C-terminal addition of a model foreign epitope from the HBV preS1 sequence to the HBcG vectors resulted in the exposure of the inserted epitope on the VLP surface, whereas the same preS1 sequences added to the native CT of the natural HBc protein remained buried within the HBc VLPs. Based on the immunisation of mice, the preS1 epitope added to the HBcG vectors as a part of preS1(20-47) and preS1phil sequences demonstrated remarkable immunogenicity. The same epitope added to the original C-terminus of the HBc protein did not induce a notable level of anti-preS1 antibodies. HBcG vectors may contribute to the further development of versatile HBc VLP-based vaccine and gene therapy applications.
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Bastos LM, Macêdo AG, Silva MV, Santiago FM, Ramos ELP, Santos FAA, Pirovani CP, Goulart LR, Mineo TWP, Mineo JR. Toxoplasma gondii-Derived Synthetic Peptides Containing B- and T-Cell Epitopes from GRA2 Protein Are Able to Enhance Mice Survival in a Model of Experimental Toxoplasmosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:59. [PMID: 27313992 PMCID: PMC4888622 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis distributed all over the world, which the etiologic agent is an intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. This disease may cause abortions and severe diseases in many warm-blood hosts, including humans, particularly the immunocompromised patients. The parasite specialized secretory organelles, as micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules, are critical for the successful parasitism. The dense granule protein 2 (GRA2) is a parasite immunogenic protein secreted during infections and previous studies have been shown that this parasite component is crucial for the formation of intravacuolar membranous nanotubular network (MNN), as well as for secretion into the vacuole and spatial organization of the parasites within the vacuole. In the present study, we produced a monoclonal antibody to GRA2 (C3C5 mAb, isotype IgG2b), mapped the immunodominant epitope of the protein by phage display and built GRA2 synthetic epitopes to evaluate their ability to protect mice in a model of experimental infection. Our results showed that synthetic peptides for B- and T-cell epitopes are able to improve survival of immunized animals. In contrast with non-immunized animals, the immunized mice with both B- and T-cell epitopes had a better balance of cytokines and demonstrated higher levels of IL-10, IL-4 and IL-17 production, though similar levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were observed. The immunization with both B- and T-cell epitopes resulted in survival rate higher than 85% of the challenged mice. Overall, these results demonstrate that immunization with synthetic epitopes for both B- and T-cells from GRA2 protein can be more effective to protect against infection by T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M Bastos
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil; Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Arlindo G Macêdo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Murilo V Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Santiago
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Eliezer L P Ramos
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Fabiana A A Santos
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Carlos P Pirovani
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Goulart
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Tiago W P Mineo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - José R Mineo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo", Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
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Costa LE, Goulart LR, Pereira NCDJ, Lima MIS, Duarte MC, Martins VT, Lage PS, Menezes-Souza D, Ribeiro TG, Melo MN, Fernandes AP, Soto M, Tavares CAP, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Coelho EAF. Mimotope-based vaccines of Leishmania infantum antigens and their protective efficacy against visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110014. [PMID: 25333662 PMCID: PMC4198211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of cost-effective prophylactic strategies to prevent leishmaniasis has become a high-priority. The present study has used the phage display technology to identify new immunogens, which were evaluated as vaccines in the murine model of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Epitope-based immunogens, represented by phage-fused peptides that mimic Leishmania infantum antigens, were selected according to their affinity to antibodies from asymptomatic and symptomatic VL dogs' sera. METHODOLOGY/MAIN FINDINGS Twenty phage clones were selected after three selection cycles, and were evaluated by means of in vitro assays of the immune stimulation of spleen cells derived from naive and chronically infected with L. infantum BALB/c mice. Clones that were able to induce specific Th1 immune response, represented by high levels of IFN-γ and low levels of IL-4 were selected, and based on their selectivity and specificity, two clones, namely B10 and C01, were further employed in the vaccination protocols. BALB/c mice vaccinated with clones plus saponin showed both a high and specific production of IFN-γ, IL-12, and GM-CSF after in vitro stimulation with individual clones or L. infantum extracts. Additionally, these animals, when compared to control groups (saline, saponin, wild-type phage plus saponin, or non-relevant phage clone plus saponin), showed significant reductions in the parasite burden in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and paws' draining lymph nodes. Protection was associated with an IL-12-dependent production of IFN-γ, mainly by CD8+ T cells, against parasite proteins. These animals also presented decreased parasite-mediated IL-4 and IL-10 responses, and increased levels of parasite-specific IgG2a antibodies. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study describes two phage clones that mimic L. infantum antigens, which were directly used as immunogens in vaccines and presented Th1-type immune responses, and that significantly reduced the parasite burden. This is the first study that describes phage-displayed peptides as successful immunogens in vaccine formulations against VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourena Emanuele Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Nathália Cristina de Jesus Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mayara Ingrid Sousa Lima
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Costa Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vivian Tamietti Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Sousa Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Menezes-Souza
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Gomes Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Manuel Soto
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Alberto Pereira Tavares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Subtractive phage display selection from canine visceral leishmaniasis identifies novel epitopes that mimic Leishmania infantum antigens with potential serodiagnosis applications. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 21:96-106. [PMID: 24256622 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00583-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease that is endemic to Brazil, where dogs are the main domestic parasite reservoirs, and the percentages of infected dogs living in regions where canine VL (CVL) is endemic have ranged from 10% to 62%. Despite technological advances, some problems have been reported with CVL serodiagnosis. The present study describes a sequential subtractive selection through phage display technology from polyclonal antibodies of negative and positive sera that resulted in the identification of potential bacteriophage-fused peptides that were highly sensitive and specific to antibodies of CVL. A negative selection was performed in which phage clones were adhered to purified IgGs from healthy and Trypanosoma cruzi-infected dogs to eliminate cross-reactive phages. The remaining supernatant nonadhered phages were submitted to positive selection against IgG from the blood serum of dogs that were infected with Leishmania infantum. Phage clones that adhered to purified IgGs from the CVL-infected serum samples were selected. Eighteen clones were identified and their reactivities tested by a phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (phage-ELISA) against the serum samples from infected dogs (n = 31) compared to those from vaccinated dogs (n = 21), experimentally infected dogs with cross-reactive parasites (n = 23), and healthy controls (n = 17). Eight clones presented sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100%, and they showed no cross-reactivity with T. cruzi- or Ehrlichia canis-infected dogs or with dogs vaccinated with two different commercial CVL vaccines in Brazil. Our study identified eight mimotopes of L. infantum antigens with 100% accuracy for CVL serodiagnosis. The use of these mimotopes by phage-ELISA proved to be an excellent assay that was reproducible, simple, fast, and inexpensive, and it can be applied in CVL-monitoring programs.
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Tonelli RR, Colli W, Alves MJM. Selection of binding targets in parasites using phage-display and aptamer libraries in vivo and in vitro. Front Immunol 2013; 3:419. [PMID: 23316203 PMCID: PMC3540409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasite infections are largely dependent on interactions between pathogen and different host cell populations to guarantee a successful infectious process. This is particularly true for obligatory intracellular parasites as Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Leishmania, to name a few. Adhesion to and entry into the cell are essential steps requiring specific parasite and host cell molecules. The large amount of possible involved molecules poses additional difficulties for their identification by the classical biochemical approaches. In this respect, the search for alternative techniques should be pursued. Among them two powerful methodologies can be employed, both relying upon the construction of highly diverse combinatorial libraries of peptides or oligonucleotides that randomly bind with high affinity to targets on the cell surface and are selectively displaced by putative ligands. These are, respectively, the peptide-based phage display and the oligonucleotide-based aptamer techniques. The phage display technique has been extensively employed for the identification of novel ligands in vitro and in vivo in different areas such as cancer, vaccine development, and epitope mapping. Particularly, phage display has been employed in the investigation of pathogen–host interactions. Although this methodology has been used for some parasites with encouraging results, in trypanosomatids its use is, as yet, scanty. RNA and DNA aptamers, developed by the SELEX process (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment), were described over two decades ago and since then contributed to a large number of structured nucleic acids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes or for the understanding of the cell biology. Similarly to the phage display technique scarce use of the SELEX process has been used in the probing of parasite–host interaction. In this review, an overall survey on the use of both phage display and aptamer technologies in different pathogenic organisms will be discussed. Using these techniques, recent results on the interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi with the host will be highlighted focusing on members of the 85 kDa protein family, a subset of the gp85/TS superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Tonelli
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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Roseman AM, Borschukova O, Berriman JA, Wynne SA, Pumpens P, Crowther RA. Structures of hepatitis B virus cores presenting a model epitope and their complexes with antibodies. J Mol Biol 2012; 423:63-78. [PMID: 22750730 PMCID: PMC3465560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The core shell of hepatitis B virus is a potent immune stimulator, giving a strong neutralizing immune response to foreign epitopes inserted at the immunodominant region, located at the tips of spikes on the exterior of the shell. Here, we analyze structures of core shells with a model epitope inserted at two alternative positions in the immunodominant region. Recombinantly expressed core protein assembles into T = 3 and T = 4 icosahedral shells, and atomic coordinates are available for the T = 4 shell. Since the modified protein assembles predominantly into T = 3 shells, a quasi-atomic model of the native T = 3 shell was made. The spikes in this T = 3 structure resemble those in T = 4 shells crystallized from expressed protein. However, the spikes in the modified shells exhibit an altered conformation, similar to the DNA containing shells in virions. Both constructs allow full access of antibodies to the foreign epitope, DPAFR from the preS1 region of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. However, one induces a 10-fold weaker immune response when injected into mice. In this construct, the epitope is less constrained by the flanking linker regions and is positioned so that the symmetry of the shell causes pairs of epitopes to come close enough to interfere with one another. In the other construct, the epitope mimics the native epitope conformation and position. The interaction of native core shells with an antibody specific to the immunodominant epitope is compared to the constructs with an antibody against the foreign epitope. Our findings have implications for the design of vaccines based on virus-like particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Roseman
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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N-terminal myristoylation-dependent masking of neutralizing epitopes in the preS1 attachment site of hepatitis B virus. J Hepatol 2011; 55:29-37. [PMID: 21145866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS & AIMS The N-terminally myristoylated preS1 domain of the large hepatitis B surface protein (LHBs) mediates specific attachment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) to hepatocytes. Its B-cell epitopes leading to neutralization of infectivity are not yet characterized. METHODS We inserted C- and N-terminal preS1 peptides into the most immunogenic region of HBV core particles, therewith immunized Balb/c mice and determined binding properties and neutralization potential of resulting antibodies in vitro. RESULTS The particles with preS1 inserts were highly immunogenic and the corresponding anti-preS antibodies strongly bound to HBV particles from chronic carriers infected with different HBV genotypes A-F. However, antibodies binding to the C-terminal part of preS1 did not neutralize HBV infectivity for susceptible hepatocyte cultures. In contrast, antibodies elicited by the complete N-terminal attachment site of preS1(2-48) strongly neutralized with an IC50<3μg/ml of total immunoglobulin. Interestingly, antibodies against the very N-terminal part of preS1(1-21) could not neutralize infectivity although this sequence contains the most conserved and essential part of the attachment site. These antibodies reacted well with non-myristoylated preS1 peptides but only weakly with myristoylated preS1 peptides, natural HBsAg or HBV. CONCLUSIONS N-terminal myristic acid obviously favors a topology of LHBs that makes the most essential part of the preS1 attachment site inaccessible for neutralizing antibodies, whereas antibodies to neighbouring sequences neutralized very well. Thus, addition of the preS1(2-48) peptide in a highly immunogenic form to the current hepatitis B vaccine may improve protective immunity and reduce selection of escape mutations.
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11
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Alves Vianna CO, da Silva E Mouta Júnior S, da Glória Teixeira Martins M, Batoreu NM, Queiroz JL, Gomes SA, Magalhães de Andrade Góes AC, Garcia Armoa GR, Marques CH, Baroni de Moraes MT. Evaluation of murine monoclonal antibodies targeting different epitopes of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen by using immunological as well as molecular biology and biochemical approaches. J Immunol Methods 2006; 313:38-47. [PMID: 16753174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Revised: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus surface protein (HBsAg) displays the major B cells antigenic determinants that can induce protective immunity and prevent the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, a major health problem. A panel of murine monoclonal antibodies against the HBsAg (MAb anti-HBs), raised after mice immunization with a pool of plasma of hepatitis chronic carriers, has been established. Mainly using simple immunological tools such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis, we could trace the location of the epitopes on the HBsAg determinants. We also report the use of two specific methodology approaches based on molecular biology and biochemical techniques such as, respectively, cloning and expression of preS1 major neutralizing epitope of the HBsAg in Escherichia coli and ELISA accomplished to chemical reduction with dithiothreitol (DTT), which were able to complete the MAb anti-HBs characterization. Our results showed that the majority of the MAbs anti-HBs were directed to the HBV common determinant a. One MAb recognizes a discontinuous epitope present in all forms of the HBsAg when evaluated by Western blot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Otávio Alves Vianna
- Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibodies Technology, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, P.O. Box 926, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Xin ZT, Liu C, Dong B, Gao YP, Shao NS, Liu W, Zhang J, Dong J, Ling SG, Xue YN. A subtractive fluorescence-activated cell-sorting strategy to identify mimotopes of HBV–preS protein from bacterially displayed peptide library. J Immunol Methods 2004; 293:13-21. [PMID: 15541273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2004.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Revised: 05/28/2004] [Accepted: 06/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel subtractive fluorescence-activated cell-sorting (FACS) strategy using a model system is described here to identify disease-specific (DS) epitopes from a bacterially displayed random peptide library. In this process, preimmune serum was used as "Driver " to block any common binding sites on the bacterial surface and the labeled anti-preS IgG polyclonal antibodies from immunized serum were used as "Tester" to enrich preS-specific mimotopes. Bacterial clones were identified out of this pool through an "antigen-independent" procedure only using both different sera samples. After four rounds of sub-FACS screening, 41 out of 50 bacterial clones were identified as reacting with the immunized serum but not reacting with the pre-immune one. Two motif sequences HQLD and DPAF were obtained from 13 clones. Immunization of mice with two representative bacterial clones elicited a strong specific response against native preS antigen in comparison with the control. This technique may provide a useful technology platform for high-throughput screening of disease-related epitope which is of importance to develop vaccine against some infectious diseases whose pathogen or immunodominant antigen is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Tao Xin
- Department of Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 130 (3), Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
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13
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Glebe D, Aliakbari M, Krass P, Knoop EV, Valerius KP, Gerlich WH. Pre-s1 antigen-dependent infection of Tupaia hepatocyte cultures with human hepatitis B virus. J Virol 2003; 77:9511-21. [PMID: 12915565 PMCID: PMC187384 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.17.9511-9521.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2003] [Accepted: 06/03/2003] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility of the tree shrew Tupaia belangeri to human hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we show that purified HBV infects primary T. belangeri hepatocyte cultures in a very specific manner, as detected by HBV covalently closed circular DNA, mRNA, HBV e antigen, and HBsAg production. A monoclonal antibody (MAb), MA18/7, directed against the pre-S1 domain of the large HBs protein, which has been shown to neutralize infectivity of HBV for primary human hepatocytes, also blocked infection of primary Tupaia hepatocytes. MAbs against the pre-S2 domain of HBs inhibited infection only partially, whereas an S MAb and polyvalent anti-HBs antibodies neutralized infection completely. Thus, both pre-S1 and S antigens are necessary for infection in the tupaia. Using subviral particles, >70% of primary Tupaia hepatocytes are capable of specific binding of pre-S1-rich HBsAg, showing localization in distinct membrane areas. The data show that the early steps of HBV infection in Tupaia hepatocyte cultures are comparable to those in the human system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Glebe
- Institute of Medical Virology. Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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14
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Gómez-Román VR, Cao C, Bai Y, Santamaría H, Acero G, Manoutcharian K, Weiner DB, Ugen KE, Gevorkian G. Phage-displayed mimotopes recognizing a biologically active anti-HIV-1 gp120 murine monoclonal antibody. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002; 31:147-53. [PMID: 12394792 DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200210010-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a host defense mechanism in which Fc receptor-bearing effector cells in combination with antigen-specific antibodies recognize and kill antigen-expressing target cells. The authors previously described a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb-ID6) that mediated ADCC activity against HIV-infected cells. It was demonstrated that the specificity of MAb-ID6 maps to the first 204 amino acids of gp120; however, the exact epitope was not identified. In the present work, by screening phage display libraries with MAb-ID6, the authors have mapped the corresponding epitope to amino acids 86-100 (HIV-1 gp120 sequence). This epitope lies within the C1 region of gp120 and is highly conserved among all subtypes and circulating recombinant forms of HIV-1. Thus, these phage mimotopes of C1 may serve as components of a vaccine for the induction of gp120-specific antibodies mimicking MAb-ID6.
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15
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Santamaria H, Manoutcharian K, Rocha L, Gonzalez E, Acero G, Govezensky T, Uribe LI, Olguin A, Paniagua J, Gevorkian G. Identification of peptide sequences specific for serum antibodies from human papillomavirus-infected patients using phage display libraries. Clin Immunol 2001; 101:296-302. [PMID: 11726222 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2001.5126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three random phage display peptide libraries were screened with sera from human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected patients to characterize the specificities of antibodies present in patients' sera and to identify molecules that correspond to or mimic natural epitopes; 141 phage clones were randomly selected in three rounds of bioselection and their binding properties were analyzed in ELISA using sera from 36 patients with confirmed HPV 16 infection and 24 healthy control female blood donors. Sixteen of 36 (44%) patients' sera reacted with at least 1 phage clone, and only 2 of 24 female donors' sera showed positive reaction with 1 of the selected clones. We conclude that the combination of various disease-specific epitopes generated by screening of phage display peptide libraries may potentially lead to a multicomponent diagnostic assay for the early detection of HPV infection and precancerous cervical lesions, making possible the prevention of one of the most common cancers in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Santamaria
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico, DF, Mexico
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16
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Chagnaud JL, Moynet D, Londos-Gagliardi D, Bezian JH, Vincendeau P, Fleury H, Guillemain B. Identification of epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies directed against HTLV-I envelope surface glycoprotein using peptide phage display. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02443610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Gevorkian G, Manoutcharian K, Govezensky T, Cano JA, Dominguez V, Santamaria H, Larralde C. Identification of mimotopes of platelet autoantigens associated with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. J Autoimmun 2000; 15:33-40. [PMID: 10936026 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.2000.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
GPIIb/IIIa, the human platelet glycoprotein complex, is the autoantigen most commonly recognized by autoantibodies in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP). Two murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), namely Y2/51 and 5B12, directed against gpIIIa and gpIIb/IIIa, respectively, and rabbit anti-human platelet polyclonal antibodies have been used to select AITP-related epitopes from a phage display peptide library expressing random dodecapeptides in the pIII coat protein of M13 phage. The selected phage clones were tested by ELISA for binding to rabbit anti-human platelet antibodies as well as to sera from AITP patients. Seven clones reacted strongly with rabbit anti-human platelet antibodies, and four clones reacted with sera from AITP patients. Some homology between peptide inserts sequences of selected clones and human platelet gpIIIa and gpIb were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gevorkian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
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18
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Gedvilaite A, Frömmel C, Sasnauskas K, Micheel B, Ozel M, Behrsing O, Staniulis J, Jandrig B, Scherneck S, Ulrich R. Formation of immunogenic virus-like particles by inserting epitopes into surface-exposed regions of hamster polyomavirus major capsid protein. Virology 2000; 273:21-35. [PMID: 10891404 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2000.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We generated highly immunogenic virus-like particles that are based on the capsid protein VP1 of the hamster polyomavirus (HaPV-VP1) and harbor inserted foreign epitopes. The HaPV-VP1 regions spanning amino acids 81-88 (position 1), 222/223 (2), 244-246 (3), and 289-294 (4) were predicted to be surface exposed. An epitope of the pre-S1 region of the hepatitis B virus (designated S1; amino acid sequence DPAFR) was introduced into the predicted positions of VP1. All VP1/S1 fusion proteins were expressed in yeast and generated virus-like particles. Immunoassays using the S1-specific monoclonal antibody MA18/7 and immunization of C57Bl6 mice with different VP1/S1 constructs showed a pronounced reactivity and a strong S1-specific antibody response for particles carrying the insert in position 1, 2, 1+2, and 1+3. Our results suggest that HaPV-VP1 represents a highly flexible carrier moiety for the insertion of foreign sequences offering a broad range of potential uses, especially in vaccine development.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/metabolism
- Capsid/chemistry
- Capsid/genetics
- Capsid/immunology
- Capsid/metabolism
- Capsid Proteins
- Cricetinae
- Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Genetic Vectors/immunology
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/chemistry
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microscopy, Immunoelectron
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Insertional/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Polyomavirus/chemistry
- Polyomavirus/genetics
- Polyomavirus/immunology
- Polyomavirus/metabolism
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Precursors/chemistry
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/immunology
- Protein Precursors/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gedvilaite
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius, LT-2028, Lithuania
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19
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Küttner G, Kramer A, Schmidtke G, Giessmann E, Dong L, Roggenbuck D, Scholz C, Seifert M, Stigler RD, Schneider-Mergener J, Porstmann T, Höhne W. Characterization of neutralizing anti-pre-S1 and anti-pre-S2 (HBV) monoclonal antibodies and their fragments. Mol Immunol 1999; 36:669-83. [PMID: 10509818 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(99)00074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Single-chain Fv fragments (scFv) were generated from two murine monoclonal antibodies directed to the neutralizing epitopes of the pre-S1 and pre-S2 region of hepatitis B virus, respectively, using different assembly cloning strategies. The scFv fragments were solubly expressed in E. coli. Dissociation constants were in the nanomolar range for all forms (whole IgG antibodies, Fab fragment and scFv fragments). The epitopes of both antibodies were mapped using solid phase peptide synthesis on continuous cellulose membranes and turned out to be linear determinants. The minimal epitope for the anti-pre-S2 antibody 1F6 was identified to be DPRVRGLYF (amino acid 133-141 of the pre-S region). For the anti-pre-S1 antibody MA 18/7 the minimal epitope proved to be the hexamer LDPAFR (amino acid 30-35 of the pre-S region). Complete substitutional analyses as well as truncation experiments revealed key residues for these antibody-antigen interactions. On the basis of those results we used computer-assisted modeling techniques to suggest models for both antibody-peptide interactions providing insight into the structural basis of these molecular recognitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Küttner
- Institut für Biochemie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
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20
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Borisova G, Borschukova O, Skrastina D, Dislers A, Ose V, Pumpens P, Grens E. Behavior of a short preS1 epitope on the surface of hepatitis B core particles. Biol Chem 1999; 380:315-24. [PMID: 10223334 DOI: 10.1515/bc.1999.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The major immunodominant region of hepatitis B core particles is widely recognized as the most prospective target for the insertion of foreign epitopes, ensuring their maximal antigenicity and immunogenicity. This region was mapped around amino acid residues 79-81, which were shown by electron cryo-microscopy to be located on the tips of the spikes protruding from the surface of hepatitis B core shells. Here we tried to expose a model sequence, the short immunodominant hepatitis B preS1 epitope 31-DPAFR-35, onto the tip of the spike, with simultaneous deletion of varying stretches from the major immunodominant region of the HBc molecule. Accessibility to the monoclonal anti-preS1 antibody MA18/7 and specific immunogenicity of the preS1 epitope depended on the location and length of the deletion. While chimeras with deletions within the stretch 79-88 presented the preS1 epitope on their surface and demonstrated remarkable preS1 immunogenicity, the corresponding chimeras without any deletion or with a more prolonged deletion (79-93) were unable to provide such presentation and possessed a lower specific preS1 immunogenicity. Deletion of the stretch 79-81 was sufficient to avoid the intrinsic HBc immunogenicity of the core particles, although chimeras with deleted major immunodominant region retained their property to be recognized by human polyclonal or hyperimmune anti-HBc antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Borisova
- Biomedical Research and Study Centre, University of Latvia, Riga
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21
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Tan WS, Dyson MR, Murray K. Two distinct segments of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen contribute synergistically to its association with the viral core particles. J Mol Biol 1999; 286:797-808. [PMID: 10024452 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The long surface antigen polypeptide (L-HBsAg) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is believed to mediate contact between the virus envelope and nucleocapsid protein (HBcAg). The N and C termini of L-HBsAg were shortened progressively in order to define the minimum contiguous sequence of amino acids that contains the residues necessary for association with HBcAg. The resulting mutants were expressed in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and their interaction with HBcAg was examined with an immunoprecipitation assay and an equilibrium binding assay in solution to give relative dissociation constants. Binding of HBcAg particles by L-HBsAg displayed two widely differing dissociation constants, indicating two distinct binding sites between the molecules. The two distinct sites, one located between residues 24 and 191 and the other between residues 191 and 322 of L-HBsAg, contribute synergistically to high-affinity binding to HBcAg, but disruption of either of these segments resulted in a much weaker interaction showing only one dissociation constant. Inhibition of the interaction by peptides that bind to the tips of the nucleocapsid spikes differentiated contacts in HBcAg for the two binding domains in L-HBsAg and implied that the amino-terminal binding domain contacts the tips of the HBcAg spikes. Analysis of specific single amino acid mutants of L-HBsAg showed that Arg92 played an important role in the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Tan
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
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22
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Iniguez P, Zientara S, Marault M, Machin IB, Hannant D, Cruciere C. Screening of horse polyclonal antibodies with a random peptide library displayed on phage: identification of ligands used as antigens in an ELISA test to detect the presence of antibodies to equine arteritis virus. J Virol Methods 1998; 73:175-83. [PMID: 9766888 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(98)00057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A random hexapeptide fusion-phage library was screened to isolate phages that bind to antibodies present in horse sera positive for equine arteritis virus (EAV). Analysis of the peptide sequences displayed by isolated phages identified seven groups. 25% of the isolated phages used as antigens in an ELISA test were specifically recognised by a pool of sera which was positive for EAV in virus neutralisation test (VN). Five of these, when used as antigen in ELISA, detected greater than 50% of sera (n = 30) containing antibodies to EAV as detected by VN. When these five phages were pooled together and used as antigen in ELISA, the detection was improved. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were 99 and 71%, respectively, compared with the EAV neutralisation test (n = 200). This study has shown the potential that phage display libraries have for identifying peptide sequences which could be used as antigen in diagnostic ELISAs.
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23
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Boots LJ, McKenna PM, Arnold BA, Keller PM, Gorny MK, Zolla-Pazner S, Robinson JE, Conley AJ. Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 human monoclonal antibodies that bind discontinuous epitopes in the viral glycoproteins can identify mimotopes from recombinant phage peptide display libraries. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1997; 13:1549-59. [PMID: 9430247 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1997.13.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A phage display library screening approach was used to identify peptide sequences that could bind to anti-HIV-1 MAbs whose binding specificities are complex. Most of the antibodies used recognize discontinuous epitopes in gp120 and one recognizes gp41. Both a 15-mer and a 21-mer display library (each with a complexity of greater than 60 x 10[6]) and two constrained, V3 region-biased libraries, all expressed as recombinant pIII protein of filamentous phage, were used. The unmapped anti-gp120 human MAb A32 recognized a set of related linear sequences and repeatedly identified a single phage sequence that could form a cyclic disulfide structure. Selection methods were also developed so that phage could be obtained by competition selection in the presence of antibody bound to native, monomeric gp120 antigen (used with MAb IgG1b12 and the anti-gp120 V3 region MAb 447-52D) or gp120 variable region 3 synthetic peptides (used with anti-gp120 V3 region MAb 19b). The potent, virus-neutralizing MAb IgG1b12 recognized numerous sequences and, when used in competition with gp120, recognized only one sequence. These studies extend the range of antibody determinant studies that can be performed with display phage libraries, demonstrate a workable experimental strategy for use of competition ligands to discriminate among phage mimotopes, and provide a large number of mimotopes that bind potent virus-neutralizing MAbs for HIV-1 vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Boots
- Department of Antiviral Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
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24
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D'Mello F, Partidos CD, Steward MW, Howard CR. Definition of the primary structure of hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre-S hepatocyte binding domain using random peptide libraries. Virology 1997; 237:319-26. [PMID: 9356343 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1997.8774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pre-S-specific monoclonal antibody MA 18/7 has been shown to inhibit the binding of HBV to HepG2 cells and liver membranes. This antibody can thus be used to identify the critical residues of the pre-S region involved in the hepatocyte-binding domain. Using overlapping 7-mer peptides representing the pre-S region of HBV, the epitope recognized by MA 18/7 was shown to contain sequences from both the pre-S1 and pre-S2 regions, thus indicating that the hepatocyte-binding domain is conformationally dependent. To further characterize the primary structure of the hepatocyte-binding domain on the pre-S protein, a phage-displayed 15-mer peptide library and a 8-mer solid phase peptide library were used to analyze the fine specificity of the monoclonal antibody MA 18/7. Several mimotopes were identified with the phage-displayed peptide library, the majority of which possess a central motif with at least three identical residues present within the native pre-S1 sequence. No significant consensus sequences were found when these mimotopes were compared to the pre-S2 sequence. Mimotopes identified using the solid-phase peptide library also contained a similar motif. All phage mimotopes and a single mimotope from the solid-phase peptide library competed with recombinant HBsAg particles containing the pre-S1 region for binding to MA 18/7. Mouse antisera raised against four mimotopes from the phage display library reacted with HBsAg particles containing pre-S sequences. The data show that the structure of the pre-S molecule around the conserved DPAF motif in the pre-S region may have a functional role in binding HBV to cellular receptors, and that the central motif identified in mimotopes of this region may offer a novel strategy target for the improvement of existing hepatitis B vaccines which, at present, are mostly devoid of pre-S specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D'Mello
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 OTU, United Kingdom
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25
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Germaschewski V, Murray K. Identification of polyclonal serum specificities with phage-display libraries. J Virol Methods 1996; 58:21-32. [PMID: 8783147 DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(95)01980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A random hexapeptide fusion-phage library was screened to isolate phage that bound antibodies in a serum induced by hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). Analysis of the isolated phage and comparison of their displayed peptide sequences with the primary sequence of HBsAg revealed areas where three and four amino acid matches accumulated. Differential binding studies of individual phage clones with immune and pre-immune sera identified phage carrying sequences that matched with region 117-122 of HBsAg which may represent a linear epitope or part of a larger antigenic determinant. Synthetic hexapeptides representing this region competed for binding with the matching phage clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Germaschewski
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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26
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Dyson MR, Germaschewski V, Murray K. Direct measurement via phage titre of the dissociation constants in solution of fusion phage-substrate complexes. Nucleic Acids Res 1995; 23:1531-5. [PMID: 7784206 PMCID: PMC306893 DOI: 10.1093/nar/23.9.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of interactions between filamentous fusion phage particles and protein or nucleic acid molecules have gained increasing importance with recent successes of screening techniques based upon random phage display libraries (biopanning). Since a number of different phage are usually obtained by biopanning, it is useful to compare quantitatively the binding affinities of individual phage for the substrate used for selection. A procedure is described for determination of relative dissociation constants (KdRel) between filamentous phage carrying peptide fusions to the coat protein gpIII and substrates in solution. This novel method is based on the measurement of phage titres. Phage selected from a random fusion phage library for binding to a monoclonal antibody or a viral structural protein exhibited KdRel values in the nanomolar and micromolar ranges for their respective substrates, thus validating the method over a wide range of binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Dyson
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, UK
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