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Bilal M, Ali H, Hassan HU, Khan SU, Ghafar R, Akram W, Ahmad H, Mushtaq S, Jafari H, Yaqoob H, Khan MM, Ullah R, Arai T. Cadmium (Cd) influences calcium (Ca) levels in the skeleton of a freshwater fish Channa gachua. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e264336. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.264336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Environmental contamination with heavy metals is a threat to the organisms due to their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation in food chains. The study was aimed to assess cadmium (Cd) effect on calcium (Ca) level in bones of a freshwater fish Channa gachua. 42 fish individuals were kept into six (6) aquaria; labelled aq.0, 1, 2, 3,4 and 5 in the laboratory for treatment. Aq.0 was control group and aq.1, 2,3,4,5 were experimental with treatment solution of Cd 0, 0.1ppm, 0.5ppm, 1ppm, 2.5ppm and 5ppm respectively for three months. After exposure, bones tissue were examined for Cd accumulation and Ca concentration. Highest accumulation of Cd were recorded in aq.5 mean 46.86 ± 0.46 mgkg-1 .and lowest in the control group with mean 0.61 ± 0.06 mgkg-1. The order of Cd bioaccumulation in bones were aq.5 > aq.4 >aq.3 > aq.2 > aq.1 > aq.0. Highest concentration of Ca were noted in aq.0 (Control group) mean 7888.06 ± 4827.22 mgkg-1 and lowest were 1132.36 ± 203.73 mgkg-1 in aq.5 (at 5.0 ppm). Generally a pattern of decreasing Ca level were observed with each rise of Cd bioaccumulation aq.0 > aq.1 > aq.2 > aq.3 > aq.4 > aq.5. Current study indicated that Cd accumulation have substantial effect on Ca level in bones and hence on skeleton system. Strict rules must be implemented by government to control metals pollution and exploitations of biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bilal
- Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H. Ali
- University of Malakand, Pakistan
| | - H. U. Hassan
- University of Karachi, Pakistan; Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | - S. Mushtaq
- Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - R. Ullah
- Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - T. Arai
- Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei
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Hung GY, Pan YC, Horng JL, Lin LY. Sublethal effects of methylmercury on lateral line sensory and ion-regulatory functions in zebrafish embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 271:109700. [PMID: 37442313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury can interfere with the normal functioning of the nervous system, causing a variety of behavioral and physiological changes in fish. However, the influence of MeHg on the lateral line sensory and ion-regulatory functions of fish is not clear. Zebrafish embryos were utilized as a model to address this question. After exposure to water-borne MeHg (5, 10, 50, or 100 ppb) for 96 h (4-100 h post-fertilization), the survival rate declined by ca. 50 % at 100 ppb. However, MeHg at sublethal concentrations delayed hatching and decreased heart rates and body length. As to effects on the lateral line sensory system, MeHg at ≥10 ppb decreased the number of hair cells and impaired hair bundles and Ca2+-mediated mechanical transduction. As to ion regulation, MeHg at ≥10 ppb decreased the densities of skin stem cells and ionocytes, leading to declines in ion (Na+, K+, and Ca2+) contents and H+/NH4+ excretion levels. A gene expression analysis also revealed declines in messenger RNA levels of several ion-regulatory genes (ncc2b, trpv6v1a, trpv5/6, ncx1b, and rhcg1). This study demonstrated that the lateral line sensory and ion regulatory functions of fish are extremely sensitive to MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giun-Yi Hung
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Pan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Lin Horng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yih Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
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3
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Al Marshoudi M, Al Reasi HA, Al Habsi A, Barry MJ. Additive effects of microplastics on accumulation and toxicity of cadmium in male zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 334:138969. [PMID: 37244557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as contaminants of concern because of their ubiquitous presence in almost all aquatic environments. The ecological effects of MPs are complex and depend on multiple factors including their age, size and the ecological matrix. There is an urgent need for multifactorial studies to elucidate their impacts. We measured the effects of virgin and naturally aged MPs, alone, pretreated with cadmium (Cd), or in combination with ionic Cd, on the bioaccumulation of Cd, metallothionein expression, behavior, and histopathology of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were exposed to virgin or aged polyethylene MPs (0.1% MPs enriched diets, w/w) or waterborne Cd (50 μg/L) or a combination of the two for 21 days. There was an additive interaction between water-borne Cd and MPs on bioaccumulation in males but not in females, Cd accumulation increased by twofold when water-borne Cd and MPs were combined. Water-borne Cd significantly induced higher levels of metallothionein compared to MPs pre-exposed to Cd. However, Cd-treated MPs caused greater damage to the intestine and liver compared to untreated MPs suggesting that bound Cd could be released or modulate MPs toxicity. We also showed that co-exposure to water-borne Cd and MPs increased anxiety in the zebrafish, compared with water-borne Cd alone, suggesting using microplastics as a vector may increase toxicity. This study demonstrates that MPs can enhance the toxicity of Cd, but further study is needed to elucidate the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maklas Al Marshoudi
- Biology Department, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Muscat, 123, Sultanate of Oman; Current Address: College of Applied Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Technology and Applied Sciences (UTA), Muscat, PO Box 74, Al-Khuwair, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hassan A Al Reasi
- Biology Department, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Muscat, 123, Sultanate of Oman; Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat, PO Box: 17, Postal Code: 123 SQU, Oman
| | - Aziz Al Habsi
- Biology Department, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Muscat, 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Michael J Barry
- Biology Department, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Muscat, 123, Sultanate of Oman.
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Dhara K, Saha S, Pal P, Chukwuka AV, Panigrahi AK, Saha NC, Faggio C. Biochemical, physiological (haematological, oxygen-consumption rate) and behavioural effects of mercury exposures on the freshwater snail, Bellamya bengalensis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 251:109195. [PMID: 34597778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of Mercury (Hg) and its derivatives in the aquatic environment and risks to the health of local populations has necessitated investigations into its toxic effects on sessile species. The toxicity of Mercury was observed sequentially from 96 h acute exposure regime (behavioural endpoints) to chronic durations (haematological and biochemical toxicity endpoints) in Bellamya bengalensis. Time-dependent lethal endpoints for acute toxicity (LC50) of mercury i.e., 24,48,72 and 96 h were estimated as 0.94, 0.88, 0.69 and 0.40 mg/l respectively. Threshold effect values i.e., LOEC (Lowest Observed Effect Concentration), NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) and MATC (Maximum Acceptable Toxicant Concentration) at 96 h were found to be 0.10, 0.05, 0.039 mg/l respectively. The study of oxygen consumption rate and behavioural changes during acute toxicity and haematological and biochemical responses during chronic toxicity to sublethal concentrations (10% and 20% of 96 h LC50) of mercury to the snail were also conducted. The organisms showed initial elevation at 24 h but later gradual decrease in oxygen consumption rate with the increase of concentration of mercury and time of exposure. For behavioural studies, variable test concentrations from 0.00 to 1.00 mg/l were used for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The crawling activity and clumping tendency decreased with the progress of time at all treatment periods and stopped ultimately at 96 h of exposure from 0.7 mg/l onwards whereas touch reflex was not observed at 96 h exposure at all treatments except at 0.09 mg/l. In haemocyte count, no significant variation was observed among control values between various exposure periods (p > 0.05) though variations were observed in sub-lethal concentrations versus control at all treatment duration (7, 14, 21, 28d, p < 0.05). In biochemical response study, the protein content in hepatopancreas of the snails treated at sublethal concentrations of mercury (10% and 20% of 96 h LC50) reduced significantly versus control after 21d of exposure (p < 0.05). In gonads, the protein content of the treated snails significantly reduced at all treatment concentrations versus control at all exposure times (p < 0.05). Based on the safe levels indicated above, the concentration of 0.01 to 0.04 ppm of mercury can be considered safe for Bellamya bengalensis and any less-hardy aquatic species. These responses elicited by our molluscan model will not only help in biomonitoring of environmental mercury contamination in water bodies but will also provide support to ecological health and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Dhara
- Freshwater Fisheries Research & Training Centre, Directorate of Fisheries, Kulia, Kalyani, Nadia 741 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Shubhajit Saha
- Department of Zoology, Sundarban Hazi Desarat College, South 24 Parganas, 743 611, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasenjit Pal
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University (I), Lembucherra, Tripura 799210, India
| | - Azubuike V Chukwuka
- National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcements Agency (NESREA), Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Asish Kumar Panigrahi
- Ecotoxicology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Extension Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Nimai Chandra Saha
- Fisheries and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Golapbagh, Burdwan 713 104, West Bengal, India
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Noor Z, Khan SA, Noor M. Assessment of cadmium toxicity and its possible effects on goldfish (
Carassius auratus
), employing microscopy and biochemical techniques. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:1441-1449. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Noor
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Syed Allauddin Khan
- Higher Education Department Government Degree College Khwazakhela Swat Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Mannal Noor
- Department of Zoology University of Peshawar Pakistan Peshawar Pakistan
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Liu B, Guo HY, Zhu KC, Guo L, Liu BS, Zhang N, Yang JW, Jiang SG, Zhang DC. Growth, physiological, and molecular responses of golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758) reared at different salinities. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1879-1893. [PMID: 31396801 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is a commercially important marine fish and is widely cultured in the coastal area of South China. Salinity is one of the most important environmental factors influencing the growth and survival of fish. The aims of this study are to investigate the growth, physiological, and molecular responses of juvenile golden pompano reared at different salinities. Juveniles reared at 15 and 25‰ salinity grew significantly faster than those reared at the other salinities. According to the final body weights, weight gain rate, and feed conversion ratio, the suitable culture salinity range was 15-25‰ salinity. The levels of branchial NKA activity showed a typical "U-shaped" pattern with the lowest level at 15‰ salinity, which suggested a lower energy expenditure on osmoregulation at this level of salinity. The results of this study showed that the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and cortisol of juveniles at 5‰ were higher than those of other salinity groups. Our results showed that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase significantly increased at 5‰ and 35‰ salinity. Our study showed that osmolality had significant differences in each salinity group. GH, GHR1, and GHR2 had a wide range of tissue expression including the liver, intestine, kidneys, muscle, gills and brain. The expression levels of GH, GHR1 and GHR2 in the intestine, kidneys, and muscle at 15‰ salinity were significantly higher than those in other three salinity groups. Based on the growth parameters and physiological and molecular responses, the results of the present study indicated that the optimal salinity for rearing golden pompano was 21.36‰ salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Hua-Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bao-Suo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Gui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dian-Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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7
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Erdoğan K, Kandemir Ş, Doğru MI, Doğru A, Şimşek I, Yılmaz S, Örün G, Altaş L, Yazıcıoğlu O, Korkmaz N, Örün I. The effects of seasonal heavy-metal pollution of Ladik Lake on pike fish (Esox lucius). BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1607215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Erdoğan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Şevket Kandemir
- Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ilker Doğru
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Arzu Doğru
- Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Ismail Şimşek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Savaş Yılmaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gülnihal Örün
- Technical Sciences Vocational School, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Levent Altaş
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Okan Yazıcıoğlu
- Technical Sciences Vocational School, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Nuh Korkmaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Örün
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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Chiesa LM, Zanardi E, Nobile M, Panseri S, Ferretti E, Ghidini S, Foschini S, Ianieri A, Arioli F. Food risk characterization from exposure to persistent organic pollutants and metals contaminating eels from an Italian lake. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:779-788. [PMID: 30958727 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1591642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring environmental contaminants in edible animal species is important for the assessment of environmental quality and for food safety as well. In this study, the occurrence of 2,3,7,8 dioxins, and furans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, six non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl indicators (ndl-PCBs), seven polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and four metals (As, Hg, Ni, Pb) was evaluated in 90 European eels (Anguilla anguilla) from Lake Garda. The results on eel samples showed a frequent contamination of dl-PCBs, found at concentrations higher than the maximum limit (ML) provided by European Union in 41 % of the eels. Two PBDE congeners (BDE 47 and BDE 99) were detected in almost all the samples. The contamination by PAHs was found negligible; only one sample had a high concentration of benzo[a]pyrene. Concerning metals, Pb showed concentrations higher than the maximum level (ML) in 77% of the samples, while Ni content could be a cause of acute toxicity due to dermatitis. Extreme consumers (95th percentile) are subjected to an actual risk attributable to dioxins, furans, and mainly dl-PCBs and PBDEs. The contamination of Lake Garda eels is therefore a matter of concern and a constant monitoring of the pollution levels of its freshwater is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maria Chiesa
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Emanuela Zanardi
- b Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Enrica Ferretti
- c Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'B. Ubertini' , Brescia , Italy
| | - Sergio Ghidini
- b Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | | | - Adriana Ianieri
- b Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Francesco Arioli
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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Merçon J, Pereira TM, Passos LS, Lopes TO, Coppo G, Barbosa B, Cabral D, Gomes LC. Temperature affects the toxicity of lead-contaminated food in Geophagus brasiliensis (QUOY & GAIMARD, 1824). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 66:75-82. [PMID: 30622087 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lead is toxic to fish, and its toxicity can be aggravated by the water temperature. Geophagus brasiliensis populations are geographically widespread and thus live in areas with different temperatures. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of lead-contaminated feed in fish (Geophagus brasiliensis) exposed to different temperatures. A factorial experiment was performed with two temperatures (25 and 28°C), and two feeds (control and lead contaminated - 60 mg/kg) for a sum of four treatments (25°C, Control = 25/C; 25°C, 60 mg/kg = 25/60; 28°C, Control = 28/C and 28°C, 60 mg/kg = 28/60). Analyses of the lead accumulation, oxidative stress and genotoxic damage were performed. The gills and liver showed increased lead concentrations in fish receiving lead-contaminated food at both temperatures. The lead concentrations in the intestines and muscles of fish exposed to the 25/60 treatment was greater than it was in fish exposed to the 25/C treatment. The enzyme response in the gills and the micronuclei count increased in fish exposed to the 25/60 treatment. Higher temperatures can be a beneficial factor for Geophagus brasiliensis because they can hinder the absorption of lead, thereby reducing the damage caused to the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Merçon
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-920, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Miura Pereira
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-920, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Souza Passos
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-920, Brazil.
| | - Taciana Onesorge Lopes
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-920, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Coppo
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-920, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Barbosa
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-920, Brazil.
| | - Dandara Cabral
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-920, Brazil.
| | - Levy Carvalho Gomes
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-920, Brazil.
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10
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Matos LSD, Silva JOS, Kasper D, Carvalho LN. Assessment of mercury contamination in Brycon falcatus (Characiformes: Bryconidae) and human health risk by consumption of this fish from the Teles Pires River, Southern Amazonia. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20160106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Brycon falcatus is one of the most highly consumed species of fish within the region in the Teles Pires basin, and has great commercial importance in sport and professional artisanal fishing. The objective of this study was to analyze the presence and concentration of total mercury (THg) in the muscle, liver and gills of B. falcatus, and calculate the risk to human health of THg contamination from ingestion of the fish. THg concentrations were similar in the liver (0.076 mg kg-1) and muscle (0.052 mg kg-1), and higher than in the gills (0.009 mg kg-1). The levels of HgT present in B. falcatus tissues did not influence weight gain and nutritional status. Based on the condition factor, weight and length ratio and hepatosomatic index, it seems that the concentrations of THg did not influence the health and well-being of B. falcatus collected in the Teles Pires River basin. THg concentrations in the muscle of B. falcatus are below the limit recommended by the World Health Organization for people who consume until 250 g of fish per week. The risk of deleterious effects on human health may exist if there is a greater consumption of B. falcatus such as 340 g/day, that is the mean of fish consumption by indigenous and riverine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucélia N. Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil
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11
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Qie Y, Chen C, Guo F, Mu Y, Sun F, Wang H, Wang Y, Wang H, Wu F, Hu Q, Dang Z, Giesy JP. Predicting criteria continuous concentrations of metals or metalloids for protecting marine life by use of quantitative ion characteristic-activity relationships-species sensitivity distributions (QICAR-SSD). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:639-644. [PMID: 28249688 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine pollution by metals has been a major challenge for ecological systems; however, water quality criteria (WQC) for metals in saltwater is still lacking. Especially from a regulatory perspective, chronic effects of metals on marine organisms should receive more attention. A quantitative ion characteristic-activity relationships-species sensitivity distributions (QICAR-SSD) model, based on chronic toxicities for eight marine organisms, was established to predict the criteria continuous concentrations (CCCs) of 21 metals. The results showed that the chronic toxicities of various metals had good relationships with their physicochemical properties. Predicted CCCs of six metals (Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+) were in accordance with the values recommended by the U.S. EPA, with prediction errors being less than an order of magnitude. The QICAR-SSD approach provides an alternative tool to empirical methods and can be useful for deriving scientifically defensible WQC for metals for marine organisms and conducting ecological risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qie
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Public Management, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yunsong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Fuhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Huanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Engineering Innovation Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
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12
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Monteiro DA, Taylor EW, Rantin FT, Kalinin AL. Impact of waterborne and trophic mercury exposures on cardiac function of two ecologically distinct Neotropical freshwater fish Brycon amazonicus and Hoplias malabaricus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 201:26-34. [PMID: 28939505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollutants have been considered one of the main factors underlying the depletion of biodiversity in natural populations unbalancing aquatic environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to inorganic Hg on myocardial contractility and the electrocardiogram (ECG) of two ecologically distinct Neotropical fish species, namely: matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) and trahira (Hoplias malabaricus). Matrinxãs were exposed to a sublethal concentration of 0.1mgL-1 of Hg in water for 96h. Trahiras were exposed to dietary Hg doses (0.45mg of Hg, each 4days, for 30days) using juvenile B. amazonicus as the prey vehicle. Hg exposures decreased myocardial isometric twitch force development, harmed contraction/relaxation dynamics and cardiac pumping capacity (CPC), and reduced the relative contribution of the calcium stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to excitation contraction (EC) coupling in both fish species. Analysis of the ECG revealed that Hg impaired electrical conduction across the heart, inducing first degree atrioventricular block and lengthening the plateau phase of action potential duration. In trahira trophic doses of Hg induced a marked bradycardia, increasing the duration of the ventricular action potential and delaying atrial and ventricular depolarization. These findings indicate that both acute and long-term Hg exposure, by different routes is cardiotoxic to matrinxã and trahira. Hg potently impaired intracellular calcium kinetics in the cardiomyocytes, myocardium contractility, and electrical conduction across the heart, all of which can be implicated in decreased cardiac output and putative heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Edwin W Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Francisco T Rantin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L Kalinin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Macirella R, Brunelli E. Morphofunctional Alterations in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Gills after Exposure to Mercury Chloride. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E824. [PMID: 28406445 PMCID: PMC5412408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that may exert its toxic effects on living organisms and is found in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in three chemical forms; elemental, organic, and inorganic. The inorganic form (iHg) tends to predominantly accumulate in aquatic environments. The gill apparatus is a very dynamic organ that plays a fundamental role in gas exchange, osmoregulation, acid-base regulation, detoxification, and excretion, and the gills are the primary route of waterborne iHg entrance in fish. In the present work we investigated the morphofunctional and ultrastructural effects in Danio rerio gills after 96 h exposure to two low HgCl₂ concentrations (7.7 and 38.5 µg/L). Our results clearly demonstrated that a short-term exposure to low concentrations of mercury chloride resulted in gill morphology alterations and in the modifications of both Na+/K⁺-ATPase and metallothioneins (MTs) expression pattern. The main morphological effects recorded in this work were represented by hyperplasia and ectopia of chloride cells (CCs), lamellar fusion, increased mucous secretion, alteration of pavement cells (PVCs), detachment of the secondary epithelium, pillar cell degeneration, degeneration, and apoptosis. Trough immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR analysis also showed a dose-related modulation of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and MTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Macirella
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036 Rende (Cosenza), Italy.
| | - Elvira Brunelli
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036 Rende (Cosenza), Italy.
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14
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O'Bryhim JR, Adams DH, Spaet JLY, Mills G, Lance SL. Relationships of mercury concentrations across tissue types, muscle regions and fins for two shark species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:323-333. [PMID: 28159401 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) exposure poses a threat to both fish and human health. Sharks are known to bioaccumulate Hg, however, little is known regarding how Hg is distributed between different tissue groups (e.g. muscle regions, organs). Here we evaluated total mercury (THg) concentrations from eight muscle regions, four fins (first dorsal, left and right pectorals, caudal-from both the inner core and trailing margin of each fin), and five internal organs (liver, kidney, spleen, heart, epigonal organ) from two different shark species, bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) and silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) to determine the relationships of THg concentrations between and within tissue groups. Total Hg concentrations were highest in the eight muscle regions with no significant differences in THg concentrations between the different muscle regions and muscle types (red and white). Results from tissue collected from any muscle region would be representative of all muscle sample locations. Total Hg concentrations were lowest in samples taken from the fin inner core of the first dorsal, pectoral, and caudal (lower lobe) fins. Mercury concentrations for samples taken from the trailing margin of the dorsal, pectoral, and caudal fins (upper and lower lobe) were also not significantly different from each other for both species. Significant relationships were found between THg concentrations in dorsal axial muscle tissue and the fin inner core, liver, kidney, spleen and heart for both species as well as the THg concentrations between the dorsal fin trailing margin and the heart for the silky shark and all other sampled tissue types for the bonnethead shark. Our results suggest that biopsy sampling of dorsal muscle can provide data that can effectively estimate THg concentrations in specific organs without using more invasive, or lethal methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R O'Bryhim
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, United States; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States.
| | - Douglas H Adams
- Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish & Wildlife Research Institute, Melbourne, FL 32901, United States
| | - Julia L Y Spaet
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Gary Mills
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, United States
| | - Stacey L Lance
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, United States
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15
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Samanta P, Mukherjee AK, Pal S, Kole D, Ghosha AR. Toxic effects of glyphosate-based herbicide, Excel Mera 71 on gill, liver, and kidney of Heteropneustes fossilis under laboratory and field conditions. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2016; 4:147-155. [PMID: 30023221 PMCID: PMC6014198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of glyphosate-based herbicide Excel Mera 71 under field and laboratory conditions were investigated to evaluate the pathological symptoms through light and electron microscopic study in the gill, liver, and kidney of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) for a period of 30 days. Histological alterations like hypertrophy and fusion in secondary lamellae, damage in chloride cells were more prominent in laboratory conditions under light microscopy. Topological changes such as complete loss of microridges, swelling, and irregular arrangement of microridges in the gills were prominent under scanning electron microscopic study under laboratory conditions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study depicted vacuolation and degeneration in chloride cells, dilation in rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and mitochondria in gill epithelium. The liver showed enlarged and pyknotic hepatocytes, vacuolation, excess fat deposition, and necrosis under laboratory conditions, while enlarged acentric nuclei, increased sinusoidal space, and less vacuolation in cytoplasm were observed under field conditions. TEM displayed cytoplasmic vacuolation and a reduced number of endoplasmic reticulum and glycogen droplets in the laboratory, but this was less pronounced under field conditions. In the kidneys, loss of hematopoietic tissue, degenerative changes in glomeruli, proximal and distal convoluted tubule, and epithelial cell lining of the renal tubules were comparatively less prominent under field conditions. Under TEM, epithelial cell necrosis, endoplasmic reticulum fragmentation, and mitochondrial degeneration were more prominent under laboratory conditions. The present study evaluated the comparative toxicity under field and laboratory conditions under long-term exposure to glyphosate herbicide and identified pathological responses as indicators in monitoring the herbicidal contamination in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Samanta
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Aloke Kumar Mukherjee
- bP.G. Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Government College, Durgapur 713214, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandipan Pal
- cDepartment of Environmental Science, Aghorekamini Prakashchandra Mahavidyalaya, Subhasnagar, Bengai, Hooghly 712611, West Bengal, India
| | - Debraj Kole
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Apurba Ratan Ghosha
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
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16
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Macirella R, Guardia A, Pellegrino D, Bernabò I, Tronci V, Ebbesson LOE, Sesti S, Tripepi S, Brunelli E. Effects of Two Sublethal Concentrations of Mercury Chloride on the Morphology and Metallothionein Activity in the Liver of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:361. [PMID: 26978352 PMCID: PMC4813222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a highly hazardous pollutant widely used in industrial, pharmaceutical and agricultural fields. Mercury is found in the environment in several forms, elemental, inorganic (iHg) and organic, all of which are toxic. Considering that the liver is the organ primarily involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, homeostasis and detoxification we investigated the morphological and ultrastructural effects in Danio rerio liver after 96 h exposure to two low HgCl2 concentrations (7.7 and 38.5 μg/L). We showed that a short-term exposure to very low concentrations of iHg severely affects liver morphology and ultrastructure. The main effects recorded in this work were: cytoplasm vacuolization, decrease in both lipid droplets and glycogen granules, increase in number of mitochondria, increase of rough endoplasmic reticulum and pyknotic nuclei. Pathological alterations observed were dose dependent. Trough immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and real-time PCR analysis, the induction of metallothionein (MT) under stressor conditions was also evaluated. Some of observed alterations could be considered as a general response of tissue to heavy metals, whereas others (such as increased number of mitochondria and increase of RER) may be considered as an adaptive response to mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Macirella
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, Rende (Cosenza) 87036, Italy.
| | - Antonello Guardia
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, Rende (Cosenza) 87036, Italy.
| | - Daniela Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, Rende (Cosenza) 87036, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Bernabò
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, Rende (Cosenza) 87036, Italy.
| | | | - Lars O E Ebbesson
- Uni Research Environment, Uni Research, Bergen 5006, Norway.
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen High Technology Center, Bergen 5020, Norway.
| | - Settimio Sesti
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, Rende (Cosenza) 87036, Italy.
| | - Sandro Tripepi
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, Rende (Cosenza) 87036, Italy.
| | - Elvira Brunelli
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, Rende (Cosenza) 87036, Italy.
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17
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Samanta P, Bandyopadhyay N, Pal S, Mukherjee AK, Ghosh AR. Histopathological and ultramicroscopical changes in gill, liver and kidney of Anabas testudineus (Bloch) after chronic intoxication of almix (metsulfuron methyl 10.1%+chlorimuron ethyl 10.1%) herbicide. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:360-367. [PMID: 26318971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Present study aimed to investigate the effects of almix herbicide on histopathological and ultrastructural changes in freshwater teleostean fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch) under field and laboratory conditions with a dose of 8 g/acre and 66.7 mg/L respectively for 30 days. In field experiment fish species were reared in special type of cage submerged in pond. Cellular alterations of the concerned organs namely gills, liver and kidney were observed through light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Gill showed hypertrophy and oedema in secondary gill epithelium, and epithelial lifting under laboratory condition but in field condition hyperplasia was prominent. SEM study revealed necrosis, hyperplasia, excessive secretion of mucus and loss of microridges; while TEM study depicted degenerative changes in mitochondria and chloride cells and severe cytoplsmic vacuolation but the changes were comparatively less under field study. In liver, damage in acinar cells of hepatopancreas, degenerative changes in zymogen granules and detachment of hepatopancreatic acinar cells under laboratory condition were the serious changes, but in field condition fatty deposition is prominent. TEM study depicted dilated, degranulated and vesiculated rough endoplasmic reticulum, dilation and swelling of mitochondria and vacuolation in hepatocytes, but under field condition dilation of mitochondria and appearance of vacuolation were well marked. Kidney showed shrinkage of glomerulus, damaged and hypertrophied proximal convoluted tubule, loss of haematopoietic tissues under light microscopy; while ultrastructural changes like degenerative changes in mitochondria, deformed nucleus, dilation, fragmentation and vesiculation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, severe vacuolation in cytoplasm and necrosis were of very serious concern under laboratory condition, but in field condition epithelial cells showed less damage. Responses depicted that symptoms of lesions were more pronounced under laboratory than field condition and the degree of responses in different tissues were different under these two conditions. Therefore, evaluation of these histopathological lesions in concerned tissues may be established as symptomatic indicators for toxicity study in aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Samanta
- Ecotoxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; Water Quality Laboratory, Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
| | - Namita Bandyopadhyay
- Ecotoxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sandipan Pal
- Department of Environmental Science, Aghorekamini Prakashchandra Mahavidyalaya, Subhasnagar, Bengai, Hooghly 712611, West Bengal, India.
| | - Aloke Kumar Mukherjee
- P.G. Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Govt. College, Durgapur 713214, West Bengal, India.
| | - Apurba Ratan Ghosh
- Ecotoxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
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18
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Seriani R, França JG, Lombardi JV, Brito JM, Ranzani-Paiva MJT. Hematological changes and cytogenotoxicity in the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus caused by sub-chronic exposures to mercury and selenium. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:311-322. [PMID: 25216806 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fish bioassays are valuable tools that can be used to elucidate the toxicological potential of numerous substances that are present in the aquatic environment. In this study, we assessed the antagonistic action of selenium (Se) against the toxicity of mercury (Hg) in fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Six experimental groups with six fish each were defined as follows: (1) control, (2) mercury (HgCl(2)), (3) sodium selenite (Na(2)Se(4)O(3)), (4) sodium selenate (Na(2)Se(6)O(4)), (5) mercury + sodium selenite (HgCl(2) + Na(2)Se(4)O(3)), and (6) mercury + sodium selenate (HgCl(2) + Na(2)Se(6)O(4)). Hematological parameters [red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and erythroblasts (ERB)] in combination with cytogenotoxicity biomarkers [nuclear abnormalities (NAs) and micronuclei (MN)] were examined after three, seven, ten, and fourteen days. After 7 days of exposure, cytogenotoxic effects and increased erythroblasts caused by mercury, leukocytosis triggered by mercury + sodium selenite, leukopenia associated with sodium selenate, and anemia triggered by mercury + sodium selenate were observed. Positive correlations that were independent of time were observed between WBC and RBC, ERB and MN, and NA and MN. The results suggest that short-term exposure to chemical contaminants elicited changes in blood parameters and produced cytogenotoxic effects. Moreover, NAs are the primary manifestations of MN formation and should be included in a class characterized as NA only. Lastly, the staining techniques used can be applied to both hematological characterization and the measurement of cytogenotoxicity biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Seriani
- Centro de Aquicultura, Instituto de Pesca, Avenida Francisco Matarazzo, 455, São Paulo, SP, 05001-900, Brazil,
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19
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Pereira P, Raimundo J, Barata M, Araújo O, Pousão-Ferreira P, Canário J, Almeida A, Pacheco M. A new page on the road book of inorganic mercury in fish body – tissue distribution and elimination following waterborne exposure and post-exposure periods. Metallomics 2015; 7:525-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-related accumulation/distribution of inorganic Hg upon exposure and post-exposure periods. Body compartments selected: gills, eye wall, lens, blood, liver, brain and bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Raimundo
- IPMA – Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere
- 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marisa Barata
- IPMA – Aquaculture Research Station
- 8700-005 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Olinda Araújo
- IPMA – Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere
- 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - João Canário
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)
- School of Health Sciences
- University of Minho
- 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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20
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Jayaseelan C, Abdul Rahuman A, Ramkumar R, Perumal P, Rajakumar G, Vishnu Kirthi A, Santhoshkumar T, Marimuthu S. Effect of sub-acute exposure to nickel nanoparticles on oxidative stress and histopathological changes in Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 107:220-228. [PMID: 25011118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the oxidative stress, antioxidant response and histopathological changes of nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) exposure (14 days) in Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Ni NPs were synthesized by metal salt reduction method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD peaks at 44°, 51° and 76° were indexed to the (111), (200) and (220) Bragg's reflections of cubic structure of Nickel, respectively. The crystallite sizes were calculated using Scherrer's formula applied to the major intense peaks and found to be the size of 56nm. TEM images showed that the synthesized Ni NPs are spherical in shape. Biochemical analysis indicated that the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity was significantly affected by Ni NPs treated O. mossambicus. Reduced antioxidant enzymes and the contents of antioxidants were lowered in the liver and gills of fishes treated with Ni NPs. After 14 days of exposure, a significant accumulation of Ni in the Ni NPs in experimental group was observed in the gill and skin tissues, with the highest levels found in the liver. Ni NPs exposed fish showed nuclear hypertrophy (NH), nuclear degeneration (ND), necrosis (NC) and irregular-shaped nuclei were observed in liver tissue. The hyperplasia of the gill epithelium (GE), lamellar fusion of secondary lamellae (LF), dilated marginal channel (MC), epithelial lifting (EL) and epithelial rupture were observed in gill tissue. Degeneration in muscle bundles (DM), focal area of necrosis (NC) vacuolar degeneration in muscle bundles (VD), edema between muscle bundles (ED) and splitting of muscle fibers were noticed in skin tissue. Further ecotoxicological evaluation will be made concerning the risk of Ni NPs on aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidambaram Jayaseelan
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam-632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdul Abdul Rahuman
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam-632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rajendiran Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem-636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pachiappan Perumal
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem-636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindasamy Rajakumar
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam-632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arivarasan Vishnu Kirthi
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam-632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam-632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sampath Marimuthu
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam-632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Hassaninezhad L, Safahieh A, Salamat N, Savari A, Majd NE. Assessment of gill pathological responses in the tropical fish yellowfin seabream of Persian Gulf under mercury exposure. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:621-628. [PMID: 28962275 PMCID: PMC5598416 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gill histomorphological alterations were used to assess the effects of chronic exposure to HgCl2 on the yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus latus. In this regard, 90 A. latus were exposed to sublethal concentrations of HgCl2 (10, 20, 35 and 50 μg/L) for 3 weeks. Treated fish were erratic and showed respiratory distress. The most common morphological abnormalities included: filaments disorganization, increase of mucus secretion, debris and blood plaques on the filaments, losing or shortening of some filaments. The most frequent histopathological changes detected in the gills included extensive lifting of the lamellar epithelium and edema of lamellae with enlarged sub-epithelial spaces, exfoliated epithelium of lamellae, telangiectasia, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the epithelial cell resulted in partial fusion of the secondary lamellae and a reduction of the water space, club shaping of gill lamellae, blood congestion. Some more severe alternations found in the gill of fish exposed to higher levels of HgCl2 (35 and 50 μg/L) included lamellar aneurysm and hemorrhages with rupture of the lamellar epithelium. According to the results of the present study, mercuric chloride could cause major histomorphological changes in the gill of A. latus, decreasing its gas exchange capability. Two mercury concentrations (10 and 20 μg/L) used in the present study were in agreement with the concentration of mercury in the water of different parts of Mahshahr creeks (the north of Persian Gulf) (3.66 to 15 μg/L). Therefore, based on the results the presence of pathological alteration in A. latus inhibited in the natural environment (Mahshahr creeks) seems to be logical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hassaninezhad
- Department of Marine Biology, School of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, PO Box: 669, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - AliReza Safahieh
- Department of Marine Biology, School of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, PO Box: 669, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Negin Salamat
- Department of Marine Biology, School of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, PO Box: 669, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Ahmad Savari
- Department of Marine Biology, School of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, PO Box: 669, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Naeem Erfani Majd
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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22
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Vergílio CS, Moreira RV, Carvalho CEV, Melo EJT. Effects of in vitro exposure to mercury on male gonads and sperm structure of the tropical fish tuvira Gymnotus carapo (L.). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2014; 37:543-551. [PMID: 24033736 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the progressive effects of HgCl2 in the testis and sperm of the tropical fish tuvira Gymnotus carapo L. exposed to increasing Hg concentrations (5-30 μm) and increasing exposure times (24-96 h). Histopathology and metal concentrations in the testis were observed. Hg concentrations in the testis reached 5.1 and 5.2 μg g(-1) in fish exposed to 20 and 30 μm of Hg, respectively. Hg effects on testicular tissue were observed even at low Hg concentrations, with no alterations in gonadosomatic index. However, the quantitative analysis of the induced alterations (lesion index) demonstrated that the Hg effects in testis became more severe after exposure to higher concentrations (20 and 30 μm) and during longer exposure (72 and 96 h), probably leading to partial or total loss of the organ function. Hg exposure (20 μm) also affected sperm count and altered sperm morphology. This study showed that HgCl2 caused progressive damage to testicular tissue, reduced sperm count and altered sperm morphology. These results are important in establishing a direct correlation between Hg accumulation and severity of lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Vergílio
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
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23
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de Jesus IS, da Silva Medeiros RL, Cestari MM, de Almeida Bezerra M, de Mello Affonso PRA. Analysis of metal contamination and bioindicator potential of predatory fish species along Contas River basin in northeastern Brazil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 92:551-556. [PMID: 24389888 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-013-1188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Samples of two carnivore fish species (Hoplias malabaricus and Serrasalmus brandtii) were collected along Contas River, northeastern Brazil, to determine the levels of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb in edible and non-edible tissues of these important local fisheries resources. Lead could not be quantified in most of the samples, while the other metals were detected in both species. In edible parts, Cr levels were above Brazilian threshold limits in all specimens and Ni was at high concentration in S. brandtii individuals from one collection site. In non-edible parts (viscera), besides Cr, Cu concentration was higher than that recommended by Brazilian laws. Both fish species proved to be sensitive to environmental contamination. Despite the different ecological characteristics, such as vagility and feeding strategy, these fish showed that aquatic predators are efficient bioindicators of water quality and biomagnification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isac Silva de Jesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequié, Bahia, 45206-190, Brazil,
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24
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Poletta GL, Gigena F, Loteste A, Parma MJ, Kleinsorge EC, Simoniello MF. Comet assay in gill cells of Prochilodus lineatus exposed in vivo to cypermethrin. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 107:385-390. [PMID: 24267701 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural chemicals can induce genetic alterations on aquatic organisms that have been associated with effects on growth, reproduction and population dynamics. The evaluation of DNA damage in fish using the comet assay (CA) frequently involves the utilization of erythrocytes. However, epithelial gill cells (EGC) can be more sensitive, as they are constantly dividing and in direct contact with potentially stressing compounds from the aquatic environment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate (1) the sensitivity and suitability of epithelial gill cells of Prochilodus lineatus in response to different genotoxic agents through the application of the CA, (2) the induction of DNA damage in this cell population after in vivo exposure to cypermethrin. Baseline value of the CA damage index (DI) for EGC of juvenile P. lineatus was 144.68±5.69. Damage increased in a dose-dependent manner after in vitro exposure of EGC to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and H2O2, two known genotoxic agents. In vivo exposure of fish to cypermethrin induced a significant increase in DNA DI of EGC at 0.150μg/l (DI: 239.62±6.21) and 0.300μg/l (270.63±2.09) compared to control (150.25±4.38) but no effect was observed at 0.075μg/l (168.50±10.77). This study shows that EGC of this species are sensitive for the application of the CA, demonstrating DNA damage in response to alkylation (MMS), oxidative damage (H2O2), and to the insecticide cypermethryn. These data, together with our previous study on DNA damage induction on erythrocytes of this species, provides useful information for future work involving biomonitoring in regions where P. lineatus is naturally exposed to pesticides and other genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, (C1033AAJ) CABA, Argentina.
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25
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Monteiro DA, Thomaz JM, Rantin FT, Kalinin AL. Cardiorespiratory responses to graded hypoxia in the neotropical fish matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) and traíra (Hoplias malabaricus) after waterborne or trophic exposure to inorganic mercury. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 140-141:346-355. [PMID: 23891784 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The growing Hg input in aquatic environments results in high accumulation of mercury in fish tissue and their consumers, which poses a serious risk to humans and ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inorganic mercury exposure on cardiorespiratory responses in two species of neotropical fish ecologically distinct, matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) and traíra (Hoplias malabaricus). Matrinxãs were exposed to a nominal and sublethal concentration of 0.15 mgL(-1) of HgCl2 for 96 h. Traíras were exposed to trophic doses (each 4 days, during 30 days) of inorganic Hg (0.45 mg as total Hg) using juvenile B. amazonicus as prey vehicle. The metabolic rate (VO2), critical oxygen tensions (PcO2), gill ventilation (VG), tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency (fR), O2 extraction from the ventilatory current (EO2), and heart rate (fH) were measured under normoxia (140 mm Hg) and graded hypoxia (120, 100, 80, 60, 40, 20, and 10 mm Hg). Regarding matrinxã specifically, the critical point highlighted was tachypnea. In traíras, bradypnea, decreased metabolic rate and O2 extraction, severe bradycardia, and elevated tidal volume were observed in normoxia. Both acute and sub-chronic exposures increased the critical tension of O2 values in more than 100%. In addition, Hg exposures modulated hypoxia-induced responses resulting in impairment of cardio-respiratory system of both species. Thus, mercury, via food or water, decreases the plasticity of the cardiorespiratory responses reducing the survival chances of B. amazonicus and H. malabaricus under hypoxic conditions frequently observed in theirs wild habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Amaral Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Barja-Fernández S, Míguez JM, Alvarez-Otero R. Histopathological effects of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in the gills, intestine and liver of turbot (Psetta maxima). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 95:60-8. [PMID: 23816362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants because of their widespread use as flame retardants in various consumer products (plastics, textiles, electronic appliances and building materials) and their long half-life. BDE-47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether) is the major PBDE congener detected in the environment and in animal tissues. In the present study, the histopathological effects are examined of BDE-47 on the gills, intestine and liver tissues of juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima).The specimens were exposed to two concentrations of BDE-47 (0.03 and 0.3 µg/L) for a period of 15 days. The histological changes were detected microscopically and evaluated with quantitative or semi-quantitative analyses. At the doses of BDE-47 assayed, the most common gill injuries were lamellar fusion, blood congestion and hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the epithelial and mucous cells. In the intestine of fish exposed to BDE-47, the alterations detected were hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mucous cells. Hepatic lesions in the liver of fish exposed to BDE-47 were characterized by circulatory disturbances, irregular morphology of hepatocytes, cellular and nuclear hypertrophy, and nuclear vacuolation and pyknosis. As BDE-47 is present in food and other material related to aquaculture systems, our results indicate that exposure to this pollutant could have serious consequences on health in turbot and other cultured fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barja-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Funcional y Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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27
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Elseady Y, Zahran E. Ameliorating effect of β-carotene on antioxidant response and hematological parameters of mercuric chloride toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:1031-1041. [PMID: 23475564 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The impact of different levels of dietary β-carotene to alleviate the effect of mercuric chloride toxicity in Nile tilapia was assessed. Semi-purified diets containing 0, 40, and 100 mg β-carotene kg(-1) dry diet were fed for 21 days, which were subjected to sublethal concentration of mercuric chloride (0.05 ppm). Hematological and biochemical parameters, lipid profile, and antioxidant response were examined. All hematological parameters of tilapia fish starting from second week of toxicity were significantly decreased. A significant increasing trend in liver enzymes (ALT and AST) were observed parallel to the time of toxicity and peroxide radicals (MDA) appearing significantly increased in toxicated group without carotene supplement, although carotene supplementation return all parameters within the control levels. Mercury accumulated significantly in fish liver and white muscles in toxicated group while it showed a significant reduction in dietary β-carotene-treated group. Overall, it can be used as immunostimulant and alleviate the suppression effect resulted from immune depressive stressful condition in farmed Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Elseady
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, El-Gomheria Street, Mansoura, Egypt
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28
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Oliva M, Vicente-Martorell JJ, Galindo-Riaño MD, Perales JA. Histopathological alterations in Senegal sole, Solea Senegalensis, from a polluted Huelva estuary (SW, Spain). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:523-545. [PMID: 23010936 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As a component of a large research project to evaluate the effects of contaminants on fish health in the field, histopathological studies have been conducted to help establish causal relationship between pollutants (heavy metals and aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons--PAHs) and histopathological responses in Senegal sole, Solea senegalensis, from an estuary of SW Spain. Heavy metals (As, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and Fe) and 16 PAHs (proprietary USEPA) concentrations in water, sediment and tissues (liver and gills) and histopathological alterations in S. senegalensis from three sampling sites of Ria de Huelva estuary during 2004-2006 years have been analysed. The histopathological studies revealed seasonal and spatial differences in the lesion grade of alterations observing the highest lesion grades in fish from Odiel River and autumn season. No significant differences were observed in the alterations prevalence between sampling sites, but significant differences were observed between seasons observing the highest prevalence in autumn season. However, calculated IPAT demonstrated a low-moderate impact of pollutants on health fish. Correlations between histopathological alterations and pollutants analysed were observed being heavy metals the group that presented a major number of correlations with alterations in several organs of S. senegalensis. In evaluating the general health of fish, the use of histopathological studies in recommended for making more reliable assessment of biochemical responses in fish exposed to a variety of environmental stressors. Statistical analysis using semiquantitative data on pathological lesions can help to establish correlation between cause (stressor) and effect (biomarker).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oliva
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, Avda. República Saharaui S/N Puerto Real, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
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29
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Monteiro DA, Rantin FT, Kalinin AL. Dietary intake of inorganic mercury: bioaccumulation and oxidative stress parameters in the neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:446-456. [PMID: 23307013 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-1038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of trophic and subchronic exposure to inorganic mercury (Hg) on the oxidative stress biomarkers and its bioaccumulation potential in the liver, gills, white muscle and heart of the freshwater top predator fish, Hoplias malabaricus, fed with contaminated live juveniles of matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, as prey vehicle. Inorganic mercury increased superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the liver, white muscle and heart. Gills CAT activity remained unchanged while GPx and GR values showed a significant decrease. In the liver and gills, Hg induced significant increase in the reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione content, concomitantly with a significant decrease in [GSH]/[GSSG] ratio. Differently, in cardiac tissue, the Hg caused an increase in GSH level and increase in [GSH]/[GSSG] ratio. Lipid and protein oxidation and metallothionein levels were significantly higher after Hg trophic exposure in the liver, gills and heart, but remained at control values in the white muscle. Tissue-specific responses against oxidative stress were observed, and the liver and gills were the most sensitive organs, showing signs of redox homeostasis failure. At the end of the experiment, dietary inorganic mercury accumulated through food chain levels. In order, Hg bioaccumulation was: gills > liver >> white muscle = heart. These results pointed out the potential of inorganic Hg to bioaccumulate in aquatic systems. Taken together, our findings suggest that Hg, even in the inorganic form and sublethal amounts, is a risk factor for aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Amaral Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Osório FHT, Silva LFO, Piancini LDS, Azevedo ACB, Liebel S, Yamamoto FY, Philippi VP, Oliveira MLS, Ortolani-Machado CF, Filipak Neto F, Cestari MM, da Silva de Assis HC, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA. Water quality assessment of the Tubarão River through chemical analysis and biomarkers in the Neotropical fish Geophagus brasiliensis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 21:9145-9160. [PMID: 23397177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Tubarão River rises in Santa Catarina, Brazil, and has been historically affected by coal mining activities around its springhead. To evaluate its water conditions, an investigation regarding a possible decontamination gradient associated with the increased river flow toward the estuary, as well as the influence of seasonality over this gradient was performed through a series of biomarkers (vitellogenin, comet assay, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, gluthatione, gluthatione S-transferase, acetylcholinesterase, light microscopy in liver, and scanning electron microscopy in gills) and chemical analysis (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bile and metal analysis in sediment) in the cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis. Two collections (summer and winter) were made in four distinct sites along the river, while sediments were sampled between those seasons. As expected, the contamination linked exclusively to mining activities was not observed, possibly due to punctual inputs of contaminants. The decontamination gradient was not observed, although seasonality seemed to have a critical role in the responses of biomarkers and availability of contaminants. In the summer, the fish presented higher histopathological damages and lower concentrations of PAHs, while in the winter they showed both higher genetic damage and accumulation of PAHs. The Tubarão suffers impacts from diverse activities, representing health risks for wild and human populations.
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Dwivedi S, Chezhian A, Kabilan N, Kumar TS. Synergistic Effect of Mercury and Chromium on the Histology and Physiology of Fish, Tilapia Mossambica (Peters, 1852) and Lates calcarifer Calcarifer (Bloch, 1790). Toxicol Int 2013; 19:235-40. [PMID: 23293459 PMCID: PMC3532766 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.103655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingerlings of estuarine fishes, Tilapia mossambica and Lates calcarifer were exposed to sub-lethal concentration of mercury and chromium (2.8 ppm) for a period of 28 days. When these fish were exposed to metals concentration, severe gills alterations were observed. But the alteration was less in fish T. mossambica when compared to that of L. calcarife. The fish L. calcarifer exposed to mercury plus chromium, showed lifting up of the epithelium, swelling, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, proliferation of chloride cells, but in mercury treatment, lamellar fusions, fused secondary lamella and necrosis were observed, whereas in T. mossambica the gills disintegration of epithelial cells, desquamated epithelium, hemorrhaged and exhibited complete damage of epithelial cells of lamellae. The Na+, K+-ATPase activity of both gills and plasma showed significant reduction throughout the experiment period in both fishes. The enzyme activity was more drastic in the case of plasma. The results are discussed in relation to the significance of the above enzyme as non-specific biomarkers against environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthamilselvan Dwivedi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, India
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32
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Poopal RK, Ramesh M, Dinesh B. Short-term mercury exposure on Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity and ionoregulation in gill and brain of an Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2013; 27:70-5. [PMID: 22944584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently mercury pollution has been increased considerably in aquatic resources throughout the world and it is a growing global concern. In this study, the 96 h LC50 value of waterborne mercuric chloride for Cirrhinus mrigala was found to be 0.34 mg/L (with 95% confidence limits). Fingerlings of C. mrigala were exposed to 0.068 and 0.034 mg/L of mercuric chloride for 96 h to assess the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity and ionoregulation (Na(+), K(+) and Cl(-)) in gill and brain. Results showed that Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity and ionic levels (Na(+), K(+) and Cl(-)) in gill and brain of fish exposed to different concentrations of mercuric chloride were found to be significantly (p<0.05) decreased throughout the study period. Mercury inactivates many enzymes by attaching to sulfur atoms in which the enzyme Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase is highly sensitive to mercury. The inhibition of gill and brain Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity might have resulted from the physicochemical alteration of the membrane due to mercury toxicity. Moreover, inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase may affect the ion transport and osmoregulatory function by blocking the transport of substances across the membrane by active transport. The present study indicates that the alterations in these parameters can be used in environmental biomonitoring of mercury contamination in aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Krishnan Poopal
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
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33
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Ouboter PE, Landburg GA, Quik JHM, Mol JHA, van der Lugt F. Mercury levels in pristine and gold mining impacted aquatic ecosystems of Suriname, South America. AMBIO 2012; 41:873-82. [PMID: 22669686 PMCID: PMC3492555 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-012-0299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mercury levels in sediment and predatory fish were measured for 53 localities in Suriname. The average mercury level in bottom sediment surpassed the Canadian standard for sediment in most localities, except the coastal plains. Of the predatory fish, 41 % had a mercury level above the European Union standard for human consumption of 0.5 μg g(-1). Highest mercury levels were found in fish from the Brokopondo Reservoir and from the Upper Coppename River. High levels of mercury in fish in pristine areas are explained by atmospheric transportation of mercury with the northeastern trade winds followed by wet deposition. Contrary to gold mining areas, where mercury is bound to drifting sediments, in "pristine" areas the mercury is freely available for bio-accumulation and uptake. Impacts on piscivorous reptiles, birds, and mammals are unknown, but likely to be negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Ouboter
- National Zoological Collection/Center of Environmental Research, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Leysweg, P.O. Box 9212, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Gwendolyn A. Landburg
- Environmental Department, National Zoological Collection/Center of Environmental Research, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Leysweg, P.O. Box 9212, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Jan H. M. Quik
- Chemistry Department, Central Laboratory, Office of Public Health, Rode Kruislaan, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Jan H. A. Mol
- Biology & Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Leysweg, P.O. Box 9212, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Frank van der Lugt
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Leysweg, P.O. Box 9212, Paramaribo, Suriname
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34
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Abdel-Moneim AM, El-Saad AMA, Hussein HK, Dekinesh SI. Gill oxidative stress and histopathological biomarkers of pollution impacts in Nile tilapia from Lake Mariut and Lake Edku, Egypt. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2012; 24:148-160. [PMID: 22897228 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2012.675924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Various oxidative stress and histopathological biomarkers in gill tissues of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were investigated. Fish were collected from four sites that differ in their extent of pollution load, including heavy metals: the southeast basin (SEB), main basin (MB), and northwest basin (NWB) of Lake Mariut; and Boughaz El-Maadiya, a channel in Lake Edku. The oxidative stress biomarkers that were analyzed included lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione redox cycle enzymes (glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and glutathione reductase [GR]). Levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) were also evaluated. Gill morphology was analyzed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Gill LPO was significantly higher in gill tissues of fish collected from the more heavily contaminated MB (40.0%) and NWB (51.4%) sites than in gill samples from the less-contaminated (reference) site, the SEB. Gill LPO in fish from Lake Edku was intermediate but was not significantly higher (17.1%) than the reference. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the redox-sensitive thiol compound GSH were significantly lower in gill samples from the disturbed sites than in samples from the reference site. Specifically, SOD in MB, NWB, and Lake Edku samples; CAT and GPx in NWB samples; and GR activity and GSH content in MB and NWB samples were lower than those in SEB samples. In most cases, gill tissues from Lake Edku fish had intermediate levels of antioxidants. The main histopathological alterations observed in gills were epithelial lifting, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the respiratory epithelium, lamellar fusion, and aneurysms. In addition, SEM results demonstrated transformation of the surface structure of epithelial pavement cells. Pathological reactions in the gills of Nile tilapia were most severe at the MB and NWB sites. Our findings suggest that Nile tilapia responded differently according to the environmental stress index in each sampling area. This study is the first to report gill oxidative stress and histopathologies in Nile tilapia from Egyptian aquatic environments.
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da Silva GS, Filipak Neto F, Silva de Assis HC, Bastos WR, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA. Potential risks of natural mercury levels to wild predator fish in an Amazon reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:4815-4827. [PMID: 21927790 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal that bioaccumulates in aquatic organisms and along food chain. Many studies have reported the problem of mercury exposure in aquatic systems from Amazon basin, but very few have focused on the potential risks to wild fish. The present study reports the bioaccumulation of mercury and alterations in target organs of the predator fish Hoplias malabaricus (traíra) from Samuel reservoir, Amazon basin, Northern Brazil. About 18% of fish had mercury levels in muscle exceeding the safe limit for ingestion through food, established by WHO (0.5 μg Hg g(-1)). Fish were separated in two groups according to mercury bioaccumulation in liver (<0.2 μg Hg g(-1)-group I and >0.2 μg Hg g(-1)-group II) for biomarker comparisons. Catalase activity and number of macrophage centers were statistically higher in group II, confirming the potential of Hg to interfere with redox balance and to recruit defense cells to the liver. Conversely, erythrocyte nuclear alterations were less frequent in group II, indicating a more rigorous selection of erythrocytes or hormesis pattern of response. Glutathione S-transferase activity, lipid peroxidation, and histopathological analyses were not statistically different in the liver and gills of both groups. Comparison of lipid peroxidation levels of these fish with others captured in Southern Brazil during another study and the high incidence of morphological alterations in the liver and gills suggest that the bioaccumulation of mercury during continuous exposure is posing potential risks to the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyelle Sebrenski da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, CEP: 81.531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Mieiro CL, Pacheco M, Pereira ME, Duarte AC. Mercury organotropism in feral European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 61:135-143. [PMID: 20730611 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-010-9591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of mercury (Hg) burdens in a wide set of tissues and organs of exposed fish is crucial to understand the internal distribution dynamics and thus predict Hg bioavailability and implications for ecosystem and human health. Total Hg was measured in six tissues of Dicentrarchus labrax captured along an estuarine contamination gradient, revealing the following pattern: liver > kidney > muscle > brain ≈ gills > blood. All of the tissues displayed intersite differences, although brain and muscle seemed to better reflect the extent of contamination. Hg speciation showed that liver presented higher concentrations than muscle for both organic and inorganic forms. Furthermore, liver seemed to exert a protective action in relation to Hg accumulation in the other tissues and organs. This protection seems to be particularly marked in relation to the brain, whereas liver is assisted in that action by kidney and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Leopoldina Mieiro
- CESAM and Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Lukin A, Sharova J, Belicheva L, Camus L. Assessment of fish health status in the Pechora River: effects of contamination. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:355-365. [PMID: 21040973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the ecological situation in the Pechora River Basin (east part of Sub-Arctic Russia) using histopathologies of fish and to relate fish health to environmental quality. This paper reports histopathological alterations of fish kidney, liver, and gills and their association with chemical contamination of the Pechora River. A variety of histopathological changes was found. Differences between studied species and sites of the Pechora River with regard to the type, prevalence, and severity of lesions were studied. The types of the lesions indicated that fish respond to both direct toxicant effects of contaminated water and sediment, and secondary stress effects caused by factors such as parasitism. The structural modifications found in this study are a result of acute damage associated with short-term exposure as much as chronic response due to long-term pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lukin
- Akvaplan-niva Barents, Kolsky 10, 184000 Murmansk, Russia
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Adams DH, Sonne C, Basu N, Dietz R, Nam DH, Leifsson PS, Jensen AL. Mercury contamination in spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus: an assessment of liver, kidney, blood, and nervous system health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:5808-5816. [PMID: 20850170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Marine fishes in South Florida (Florida Keys-Florida Bay-Everglades region) accumulate higher concentrations of mercury (Hg) in their tissues than similar fishes from other areas of the southeastern U.S., though it is not known whether these elevated levels affect fish health. In this study, we used quantifiable pathological and biochemical indicators to explore Hg-associated differences in marine fish from South Florida, where Hg contamination is high, and from Indian River Lagoon, Florida, which served as a reference area. Hg concentrations in all tissues of mature spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) from South Florida were significantly higher than those from Indian River Lagoon and were within the threshold range of those in studies where effects of Hg exposure have been observed. The distribution of Hg among tissues followed the same trend in both areas, with the greatest concentration in kidney tissue, followed by liver, muscle, brain, gonad, and red blood cells. Blood-plasma biochemistry showed that concentrations of iron, inorganic phosphate, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly less in South Florida. Also, fructosamine and alkaline phosphatase were significantly less in South Florida. Liver histology revealed that pyknosis/necrosis, interstitial inflammation, and bile duct hyperplasia were found only in seatrout from South Florida, and steatosis/glycogen was more frequently found in Indian River Lagoon specimens. In renal tissue, interstitial inflammation, glomerular dilatation and thickening, and tubular degeneration and necrosis were more frequently found in South Florida specimens. Changes in the liver cytoskeleton and morphology may explain some of the differences in blood parameters between study areas. Neurochemical analyses showed that brain N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors (but not those of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, monoamine oxidase, or acetylcholinesterase) were significantly less in fish from South Florida than from Indian River Lagoon. These findings provide compelling evidence that elevated Hg could cause quantifiable pathological and biochemical changes that might influence the health of spotted seatrout and could also affect other marine fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas H Adams
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 1220 Prospect Ave., No. 285, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA.
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Daam MA, Van den Brink PJ. Implications of differences between temperate and tropical freshwater ecosystems for the ecological risk assessment of pesticides. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2010; 19:24-37. [PMID: 19644752 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-009-0402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable increased pesticide use over the past decades, little research has been done into their fate and effects in surface waters in tropical regions. In the present review, possible differences in response between temperate and tropical freshwaters to pesticide stress are discussed. Three underlying mechanisms for these differences are distinguished: (1) climate related parameters, (2) ecosystem sensitivity, and (3) agricultural practices. Pesticide dissipation rates and vulnerability of freshwaters appear not to be consistently higher or lower in tropical regions compared to their temperate counterparts. However, differences in fate and effects may occur for individual pesticides and taxa. Furthermore, intensive agricultural practices in tropical countries lead to a higher input of pesticides and spread of contamination over watersheds. Field studies in tropical farms on pesticide fate in the enclosed and surrounding waterways are recommended, which should ultimately lead to the development of surface water scenarios for tropical countries like developed by the Forum for the co-ordination of pesticide fate models and their use for temperate regions. Future tropical effect assessment studies should evaluate whether specific tropical taxa, not represented by the current standard test species in use, are at risk. If so, tropical model ecosystem studies evaluating pesticide concentration ranges need to be conducted to validate whether selected surrogate indigenous test species are representative for local tropical freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A Daam
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Technical University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Yan H, Rustadbakken A, Yao H, Larssen T, Feng X, Liu T, Shang L, Haugen TO. Total mercury in wild fish in Guizhou reservoirs, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2010; 22:1129-1136. [PMID: 21179948 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The health hazard of mercury (Hg) compounds is internationally recognized, and the main pathways for methylmercury (MeHg) intake in humans are through consumption of food, especially fish. Given the large releases of Hg to the environment in China, combined with the fast development of hydropower, this issue deserves attention. Provided similar mobilization pathways of Hg in China as seen in reservoirs in North America and Europe one should expect increased Hg contamination in relation to future hydropower reservoir construction in this country. This study presents total Hg (THg) concentrations in wild fish from six Guizhou reservoirs, China. The THg concentrations in fish were generally low despite high background levels in the bedrock and depositions from local point sources. The over all mean +/- SD concentration of THg was (0.066 +/- 0.078) microg/g (n = 235). After adjusting for among-reservoir variation in THg, there were significant differences in THg among functional groups of the fish, assumed to reflect trophic levels. Predicted THg-concentration ratios, retrieved from a mixed linear model, between the functional groups were 9:4:4:1 for carnivorous, omnivorous, planktivorous and herbivorous fish. This result indicated that MeHg accumulation may prevail even under circumstances with short food chains as in this Chinese water system. No fish exceeded recommended maximum THg limit for human consumption set by World Health Organization and the Standardization Administration of China (0.5 microg/g fish wet weight (ww)). Only six fish (2.5%) exceeded the maximum THg limit set by US Environmental Protection Agency (0.3 microg/g fish ww).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China.
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Monteiro DA, Rantin FT, Kalinin AL. Inorganic mercury exposure: toxicological effects, oxidative stress biomarkers and bioaccumulation in the tropical freshwater fish matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus (Spix and Agassiz, 1829). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2010; 19:105-123. [PMID: 19636703 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-009-0395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the antioxidant cellular system have often been proposed as biomarkers of pollutant-mediated toxicity. This study evaluated the effects of mercury on oxidative stress biomarkers and bioaccumulation in the liver, gills, white muscle and heart of the freshwater fish matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, exposed to a nominal and sub-lethal concentration (~20% of 96 h-LC(50)) of 0.15 mg L(-1) of mercury chloride (HgCl(2)) for 96 h in a static system. Increases in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) were observed in all tissues after HgCl(2) exposure, except for white muscle GR activity and hepatic GPx. In the liver and gills, the exposure to HgCl(2) also induced significant increases in reduced glutathione (GSH). Conversely, exposure to HgCl(2) caused a significant decrease in the GSH levels and an increase in the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content in the white muscle, while both GSH and GSSG levels increased significantly in the heart muscle. Metallothionein concentrations were significantly high after HgCl(2) exposure in the liver, gills and heart, but remained at control values in the white muscle. HgCl(2) exposure induced oxidative damage, increasing the lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content in all tissues. Mercury accumulated significantly in all the fish tissue. The pattern of accumulation follows the order gills > liver >> heart > white muscle. In conclusion, these data suggest that oxidative stress in response to inorganic mercury exposure could be the main pathway of toxicity induced by this metal in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Amaral Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Jakka NM, Gnaneshwar Rao T, Venkateswara Rao J. Locomotor Behavioral Response of Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) to Subacute Mercury Stress Monitored by Video Tracking System. Drug Chem Toxicol 2008; 30:383-97. [DOI: 10.1080/01480540701522551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Giari L, Simoni E, Manera M, Dezfuli BS. Histo-cytological responses of Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) following mercury exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2008; 70:400-410. [PMID: 17945343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This work deals with the damaging effects of mercury (Hg concentrations 251, 355, 501 microgl(-1)) on the structure and ultrastructure of gills, liver, intestine and kidney of farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) acutely treated for 24 and 48 h. The histoarchitecture of the gills of exposed fish was highly modified due to severe oedema, telangiectasia and secondary lamellar fusion. In hepatocytes and enterocytes hydropic cell swelling, alterations to the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were noted, in addition to an abundance of myelinoid bodies which were frequently encountered following treatment. In the intestine and renal tubules of exposed European sea bass, rodlet cells (RCs) displayed ultrastructural modifications. Statistical analyses were conducted on the number and the size of selected cell types and structures. Following exposure to mercury for 24 and 48 h, the number of chloride cells, RCs and macrophage aggregates were found to have increased significantly in the gills, the intestine and the head kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Giari
- Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari, 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Marrugo-Negrete J, Verbel JO, Ceballos EL, Benitez LN. Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in fish from the Mojana region of Colombia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2008; 30:21-30. [PMID: 17610028 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-007-9104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Total mercury (T-Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations have been measured in the muscle tissue of 16 fish species consumed in the Mojana region of Colombia. T-Hg analysis was performed by cold-vapor atomic-absorption spectroscopy (CV-ASS) and MeHg analysis by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Higher T-Hg and MeHg concentrations were detected in carnivorous species (T-Hg = 0.371 +/- 0.172 (microg g(-1) fresh wt, MeHg = 0.346 +/- 0.171 microg g(-1) fresh wt) than in non-carnivorous fish (T-Hg = 0.155 +/- 0.108 microg g(-1) fresh wt, MeHg = 0.146 +/- 0.102 microg g(-1) fresh wt). In the different species mercury was present almost completely as the methylated form, with percentages between 80.5 and 98.1% (mean 92.0 +/- 3.4%). In 13.5% of fish-tissue samples T-Hg concentrations exceeded the maximum level recommended by the World Health Organization for human consumption (Hg = 0.5 microg g(-1) fresh wt). Although mean T-Hg concentrations in all fish samples (0.269 +/- 0.181 microg g(-1) fresh wt) did not exceed this limit, risk assessment suggested that the consumption of 0.12 kg fish day(-1) could increase the risk of mercury poisoning of the inhabitants of this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marrugo-Negrete
- Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Cordoba, Grupo de Química Analítica y Ambiental, Carrera 6, No. 76-103, Monteria, Colombia.
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Wang L, Zheng B. Toxic effects of fluoranthene and copper on marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. J Environ Sci (China) 2008; 20:1363-72. [PMID: 19202877 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals on the population reproduction, antioxidative defense system and cell ultrastructure of the marine diatom, fluoranthene and Cu2+ were selected to test their toxicity to Phaeodactylum tricorntum, in the laboratory. The results indicated that both fluoranthene and Cu2+ inhibited population reproduction of P. tricorntum. When the algal cells were exposed to fluoranthene or Cu2+ for 72 h, ultrastructure damage in the cells was observed under a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The chloroplast was a sensitive organelle and the membrane system was very sensitive to the toxicity of fluoranthene or Cu2+. The normal metabolic process might be affected due to cell ultrastructural impairment. However, it needed further investigation to discern whether the ultrastructural damage was responsible for the inhibition of population reproduction. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content indicating oxidative stress was a sensitive index to both fluoranthene and Cu2+ toxicity. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was also a sensitive index to Cu2+ and could be considered as a reference factor in a Cu2+ pollution event, but not in a fluoranthene pollution event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- River and Coastal Environment Research Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Camargo MMP, Martinez CBR. Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252007000300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Histological changes in gills, kidney and liver were used to evaluate the health of the Neotropical fish species Prochilodus lineatus, subjected to in situ tests for 7 days in a disturbed urban stream and in a reference site, during winter and summer. In fish caged in the urban stream the most common lesions were epithelial lifting, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the respiratory epithelium, lamellar fusion, and aneurysms in the gills; enlargement of the glomerulus, reduction of Bowman's space, occlusion of the tubular lumen, cloudy swelling and hyaline droplet degeneration in the kidneys; hepatocytes with hypertrophy, cytoplasmic and nuclear degeneration, melanomacrophage aggregates, bile stagnation and one case of focal necrosis in the liver. The lesions were comparatively most severe in the liver. Histopathology showed to be a very suitable biomarker for use in conjugation with the in situ test, because the seasonal variation did not interfere in the results and it was possible to differentiate the sites in the urban stream from the reference site.
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Giari L, Manera M, Simoni E, Dezfuli BS. Cellular alterations in different organs of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) exposed to cadmium. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 67:1171-81. [PMID: 17188326 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Specimens of farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) were exposed to different cadmium (Cd) concentrations (4.47, 5.63, 7.08 and 8.91 mg l(-1)) for 24 and 48 h. The effects of Cd on numbers of some cell types and structures (i.e., chloride cells, CCs; macrophage aggregates, MAs; rodlet cells, RCs) and on structure and ultrastructure of the main organs (gill, liver, intestine, kidney) were studied with routine process for light and transmission electron microscopy. Following cadmium exposure, the numbers of branchial CCs as well as intestinal and renal RCs increased significantly within 24h. Increase in metal concentration did not affect the magnitude of the numerical increment of the aforementioned cells. Moreover, in treated fish (24 and 48 h) the numbers of MAs in both head kidney and spleen were significantly higher than in control conspecifics, whilst the global area of MAs was less influenced by the acute treatment. In exposed sea bass, all the examined organs exhibited cellular modifications which appeared time- and dose-dependent. The gills showed telangectasia, lamellar fusion, oedema, epithelial lifting and leukocyte infiltration. In the liver, kidney and intestine acute cell swelling and vacuolization were common. Ultrastructurally the alterations observed frequently in hepatocytes, tubular epithelial cells and enterocytes included presence of numerous myelinoid bodies, damaged mitochondria, dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum, high number of lysosomes and autophagolysosomes. In intestinal and kidney tubular epithelia of treated fish, rodlet cells displayed some anomalies like dilatation of nuclear envelope, cytoplasmic vacuolization, presence of myelinoid bodies, rodlets degeneration and extensive discharge activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Giari
- Department of Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Skinner KM, Bennett JD. Altered gill morphology in benthic macroinvertebrates from mercury enriched streams in the Neversink Reservoir Watershed, New York. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2007; 16:311-6. [PMID: 17253158 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-006-0130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected from five sites in the Neversink Reservoir Watershed in Sullivan County, New York: Aden Brook, Biscuit Brook, Main Branch, Tison and Winnisook, and examined for gill abnormalities. The Neversink Reservoir is part of the New York City water supply system and is located in the Catskill Mountains. Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations were measured by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) in composite samples of macroinvertebrates at the five sites and ranged from 13.6 to 20.9 ng/g total mercury and 2.4-9.8 ng/g methylmercury. Gill deformities in the organisms were evident from each sampling site. These were observed as puckering or dimpling of the gill lamellae and interior spotting. The greatest percentage of gill morphological abnormalities were from invertebrates at the Main Branch site where 28% of invertebrate gills exhibited abnormalities. This site had the highest mercury/methylmercury concentration in composite invertebrate samples. Macroinvertebrates from a reference location showed little evidence of gill abnormalities. Other factors may have contributed to the abnormalities such as dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, other contaminants, and/or stream profiles.
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Zhang XB, Liu P, Yang YS, Chen WR. Phytoremediation of urban wastewater by model wetlands with ornamental hydrophytes. J Environ Sci (China) 2007; 19:902-909. [PMID: 17966845 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(07)60150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation offers a cost-effective, non-intrusive, and safe alternative to conventional cleanup techniques. In this study, we used ornamental hydrophytes plants as constructed wetlands to treat urban or rural domestic wastewater. Most ornamental hydrophytes adapted to the wastewater well, and were fairly efficient in scavenging BOD5 (biological oxygen demand 5 d), COD (chemical oxygen demand), TN (total nitrogen), TP (total phosphorus) and heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Cd) in the wastewater. However, the efficiency varied a lot for various species to different contaminants, Iris pseudacorus L. and Acorus gramineus Soland were good choices for treatment of composite-polluted urban wastewater. Some variation in the change of membrane peroxidation and endogenous protective system in responses to wastewater was found among six hydrophytes, which have a correlation with the efficiency of wastewater treatment. It may demonstrate that the developed antioxidative systems of I. pseudacorus and A. gramineus contributed much to their superiority. On the other hand, interaction of different components in the wastewater might have certain effects on phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Botany, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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