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Liang M, Xu J, Luo Y, Qu J. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and treatment of mucormycosis: a review. Ann Med 2024; 56:2396570. [PMID: 39221718 PMCID: PMC11370679 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2396570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This review aims to summarize the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for mucormycosis. The goal is to improve understanding of mucormycosis and promote early diagnosis and treatment to reduce mortality. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on recent studies and data on mucormycosis. The review includes an analysis of the disease's epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis, as well as current diagnostic techniques and therapeutic strategies. RESULTS Mucormycosis is increasingly prevalent due to the growing immunocompromised population, the COVID-19 pandemic, and advances in detection methods. The pathogenesis is closely associated with the host immune status, serum-free iron levels, and the virulence of Mucorales. However, the absence of typical clinical manifestations complicates diagnosis, leading to missed or delayed diagnoses and higher mortality. CONCLUSION An enhanced understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation of mucormycosis, along with the adoption of improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, is essential for reducing mortality rates associated with this opportunistic fungal infection. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical to improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liang
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junyan Qu
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Silva-Junior AL, Oliveira LS, Dias S, Costa TCC, Xabregas LA, Alves-Hanna FS, Abrahim CMM, Neves WLL, Crispim MAE, Toro DM, Silva-Neto PV, Aponte DCM, Oliveira TC, Silva MCC, Matos MMM, Carvalho MPSS, Tarragô AM, Fraiji NA, Faccioli LH, Sorgi CA, Sabino EC, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Costa AG, Malheiro A. Immunologic mediators profile in COVID-19 convalescence. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20930. [PMID: 39251702 PMCID: PMC11384766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 caused the pandemic situation experienced since the beginning of 2020, and many countries faced the rapid spread and severe form of the disease. Mechanisms of interaction between the virus and the host were observed during acute phase, but few data are available when related to immunity dynamics in convalescents. We conducted a longitudinal study, with 51 healthy donors and 62 COVID-19 convalescent patients, which these had a 2-month follow-up after symptoms recovery. Venous blood sample was obtained from all participants to measure blood count, subpopulations of monocytes, lymphocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. Serum was used to measure cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, anti-N IgG and anti-S IgG/IgM antibodies. Statistic was performed by Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear regression with days post symptoms and antibody titers. All analysis had confidence interval of 95%. Less than 35% of convalescents were anti-S IgM+, while more than 80% were IgG+ in D30. Anti-N IgG decreased along time, with loss of seroreactivity of 13%. Eosinophil count played a distinct role on both antibodies during all study, and the convalescence was orchestrated by higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and IL-15, but initial stages were marked by increase in myeloid DCs, B1 lymphocytes, inflammatory and patrolling monocytes, G-CSF and IL-2. Later convalescence seemed to change to cytotoxicity mediated by T lymphocytes, plasmacytoid DCs, VEGF, IL-9 and CXCL10. Anti-S IgG antibodies showed the longest perseverance and may be a better option for diagnosis. The inflammatory pattern is yet present on initial stage of convalescence, but quickly shifts to a reparative dynamic. Meanwhile eosinophils seem to play a role on anti-N levels in convalescence, although may not be the major causative agent. We must highlight the importance of immunological markers on acute clinical outcomes, but their comprehension to potentialize adaptive system must be explored to improve immunizations and further preventive policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Leonardo Silva-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Stephanny Dias
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Thaina Cristina Cardoso Costa
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Lilyane Amorim Xabregas
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Silva Alves-Hanna
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Moura Abrahim
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Walter Luiz Lima Neves
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Myuki Alfaia Esashika Crispim
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Diana Mota Toro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Pedro Vieira Silva-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Monteiro Tarragô
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Rede Genômica em Saúde do Estado do Amazonas (REGESAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Nelson Abrahim Fraiji
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Artério Sorgi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Rede Genômica em Saúde do Estado do Amazonas (REGESAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Rede Genômica em Saúde do Estado do Amazonas (REGESAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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Zheng H, Zhao H, Xiong H, Awais MM, Zeng S, Sun J. Bioproduction and immunogenic evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 prototype vaccine in silkworm BmN cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:134027. [PMID: 39033889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has presented a significant challenge to global health, security, and the economy. Vaccination is considered a crucial measure in preventing virus transmission. The silkworm bioreactor has gained widespread usage in antigen presentation, monoclonal antibody preparation, and subunit vaccine development due to its safety, efficiency, convenience, and cost-effectiveness. In this study, we employed silkworm BmN cells and the silkworm MultiBac multigene co-expression system to successfully produce two prototype vaccines: a recombinant baculovirus vector vaccine (NPV) co-displaying the SARS-CoV-2 virus capsid protein and a capsid protein virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine. Following the purification of these vaccines, we immunized BALB/c mice to evaluate their immunogenicity. Our results demonstrated that both VLP and NPV prototype vaccines effectively elicited robust immune responses in mice. However, when equal inoculation doses between groups were compared, the recombinant NPV vaccine exhibited significantly higher serum antibody titers and increased expression of spleen cytokines and lymphocyte immune regulatory factors compared to the VLP group. These results suggested an increased immune efficacy of the recombinant NPV vaccine. Conversely, the VLP prototype vaccine displayed more pronounced effects on lymphocyte cell differentiation induction. This study successfully constructed two distinct morphological recombinant vaccine models and systematically elucidated their differences in humoral immune response and lymphocyte differentiation rate. Furthermore, it has fully harnessed the immense potential of silkworm bioreactors for vaccine research and development, providing valuable technical insights for studying mutated viruses like coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Subtropical Sericulture and Mulberry Resources Protection and Safety Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Hengfeng Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Subtropical Sericulture and Mulberry Resources Protection and Safety Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Haifan Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Subtropical Sericulture and Mulberry Resources Protection and Safety Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Mian Muhammad Awais
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Subtropical Sericulture and Mulberry Resources Protection and Safety Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Songrong Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Subtropical Sericulture and Mulberry Resources Protection and Safety Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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4
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Guo ZY, Tang YQ, Zhang ZB, Liu J, Zhuang YX, Li T. COVID-19: from immune response to clinical intervention. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2024; 7:pbae015. [PMID: 39139990 PMCID: PMC11319938 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has highlighted the pivotal role of the immune response in determining the progression and severity of viral infections. In this paper, we review the most recent studies on the complicated dynamics between SARS-CoV-2 and the host immune system, highlight the importance of understanding these dynamics in developing effective treatments and formulate potent management strategies for COVID-19. We describe the activation of the host's innate immunity and the subsequent adaptive immune response following infection with SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the review emphasizes the immune evasion strategies of the SARS-CoV-2, including inhibition of interferon production and induction of cytokine storms, along with the resulting clinical outcomes. Finally, we assess the efficacy of current treatment strategies, including antiviral drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and anti-inflammatory treatments, and discuss their role in providing immunity and preventing severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-yang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yan-qing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zi-bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yu-xin Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
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5
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Asefi N, Pakzad P, Khorasani A, Taghizadeh M, Amirkhani Z, Yazdi MH, Shahverdi AR, Mahdavi M. Ascorbic Acid and α-Tocopherol in the Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Formulation: Induction of the Th1 Pattern in Aged Mice. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:355-370. [PMID: 39212606 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2024.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is physiologically associated with a decline in the function of the immune system and subsequent susceptibility to infections. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a key element in the activation of cellular immunity, plays an important role in defense against virus infections. Decreased levels of IFN-γ in the elderly may explain their increased risk for viral infectious diseases such as COVID-19. There is accumulating evidence that ascorbic acid (vitamin C [VitC]) and α-tocopherol together help improve the function of the immune system in the elderly, control infections, and decrease the treatment duration. A SARS-CoV-2 strain was isolated from a patient and then cultured in the Vero cell line. The isolated and propagated virus was then inactivated using formalin and purified by the column chromatography. The inactivated SARS-CoV-2 was formulated in the Alum adjuvant combined with VitC or α-tocopherol and/or both of them. The vaccines were injected twice to young and aged C57BL/6 mice. Two weeks later, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-2 cytokines were assessed using ELISA Kits. Specific IgG and IgG1/IgG2a were assessed by an in-house ELISA. In addition, the expression of PD1 and TERT genes in the spleen tissue of the mice was measured using real-time PCR. IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines showed a significant increase in both aged and young mice compared with the Alum-based vaccine. In addition, our results exhibited a significant decrease and increase in specific total IgG and the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, respectively. Furthermore, the vaccine formulated in α-tocopherol + VitC led to decreased PD1 and increased TERT gene expression levels. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that α-tocopherol + VitC formulated in the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine led to a shift toward Th1, which may be due to their effect on the physiology of cells, especially aged ones and changing their phenotype toward young cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Asefi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Motamed Cancer Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Khorasani
- Department of FMD vaccine production, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Morteza Taghizadeh
- Department of Human Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Amirkhani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Yazdi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Shahverdi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Motamed Cancer Institute, Tehran, Iran
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Tapela K, Prah DA, Tetteh B, Nuokpem F, Dosoo D, Coker A, Kumi-Ansah F, Amoako E, Assah KO, Kilba C, Nyakoe N, Quansah D, Languon S, Anyigba CA, Ansah F, Agyeman S, Owusu IA, Schneider K, Ampofo WK, Mutungi JK, Amegatcher G, Aniweh Y, Awandare GA, Quashie PK, Bediako Y. Cellular immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and clinical presentation in individuals exposed to endemic malaria. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114533. [PMID: 39052480 PMCID: PMC11372439 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ghana and other parts of West Africa have experienced lower COVID-19 mortality rates than other regions. This phenomenon has been hypothesized to be associated with previous exposure to infections such as malaria. This study investigated the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the influence of previous malaria exposure. Blood samples were collected from individuals with asymptomatic or symptomatic COVID-19 (n = 217). A variety of assays were used to characterize the SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response, and malaria exposure was quantified using Plasmodium falciparum ELISA. The study found evidence of attenuated immune responses to COVID-19 among asymptomatic individuals, with elevated proportions of non-classical monocytes and greater memory B cell activation. Symptomatic patients displayed higher P. falciparum-specific T cell recall immune responses, whereas asymptomatic individuals demonstrated elevated P. falciparum antibody levels. Summarily, this study suggests that P. falciparum exposure-associated immune modulation may contribute to reduced severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living in malaria-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesego Tapela
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Diana Ahu Prah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Becky Tetteh
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Franklin Nuokpem
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Dosoo
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Amin Coker
- Accident and Emergency Unit, The Greater Accra Regional Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Emmanuella Amoako
- Department of Pediatrics, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana; Yemaachi Biotech Inc., 222 Swaniker St., Accra, Ghana
| | - Kissi Ohene Assah
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Charlyne Kilba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, and Emergency Medicine, Greater Accra Regional Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nancy Nyakoe
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Darius Quansah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sylvester Languon
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Claudia Adzo Anyigba
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Felix Ansah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Seth Agyeman
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Yemaachi Biotech Inc., 222 Swaniker St., Accra, Ghana
| | - Irene Amoakoh Owusu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kristan Schneider
- Department of Mathematics, Hochschule Mittweida, University of Applied Sciences, Mittweida, Germany
| | - William K Ampofo
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joe Kimanthi Mutungi
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gloria Amegatcher
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Biomedical and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Aniweh
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd., London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gordon A Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Peter K Quashie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd., London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Yaw Bediako
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Yemaachi Biotech Inc., 222 Swaniker St., Accra, Ghana; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd., London NW1 1AT, UK.
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7
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Abdolmohammadi-Vahid S, Baradaran B, Adcock IM, Mortaz E. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and SARS-CoV2 infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112419. [PMID: 38865755 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) triggers coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which predominantly targets the respiratory tract. SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially severe COVID-19, is associated with dysregulated immune responses against the virus, including exaggerated inflammatory responses known as the cytokine storm, together with lymphocyte and NK cell dysfunction known as immune cell exhaustion. Overexpression of negative immune checkpoints such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 plays a considerable role in the dysfunction of immune cells upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blockade of these checkpoints has been suggested to improve the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients by promoting potent immune responses against the virus. In the current review, we provide an overview of the potential of checkpoint inhibitors to induce potent immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and improving the clinical outcome of severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Respiratory Section, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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8
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Martínez S, Albóniga OE, López-Huertas MR, Gradillas A, Barbas C. Reinforcing the Evidence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Long COVID Patients Using a Multiplatform Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Approach. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3025-3040. [PMID: 38566450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite the recent and increasing knowledge surrounding COVID-19 infection, the underlying mechanisms of the persistence of symptoms for a long time after the acute infection are still not completely understood. Here, a multiplatform mass spectrometry-based approach was used for metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of human plasma samples from Long COVID patients (n = 40) to reveal mitochondrial dysfunction when compared with individuals fully recovered from acute mild COVID-19 (n = 40). Untargeted metabolomic analysis using CE-ESI(+/-)-TOF-MS and GC-Q-MS was performed. Additionally, a lipidomic analysis using LC-ESI(+/-)-QTOF-MS based on an in-house library revealed 447 lipid species identified with a high confidence annotation level. The integration of complementary analytical platforms has allowed a comprehensive metabolic and lipidomic characterization of plasma alterations in Long COVID disease that found 46 relevant metabolites which allowed to discriminate between Long COVID and fully recovered patients. We report specific metabolites altered in Long COVID, mainly related to a decrease in the amino acid metabolism and ceramide plasma levels and an increase in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, reinforcing the evidence of an impaired mitochondrial function. The most relevant alterations shown in this study will help to better understand the insights of Long COVID syndrome by providing a deeper knowledge of the metabolomic basis of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martínez
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities. Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oihane E Albóniga
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities. Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
- Asociación Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CICbioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park bld 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - María Rosa López-Huertas
- Unidad de Inmunopatología del SIDA, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Ana Gradillas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities. Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities. Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Günter M, Mueller KAL, Salazar MJ, Gekeler S, Prang C, Harm T, Gawaz MP, Autenrieth SE. Immune signature of patients with cardiovascular disease predicts increased risk for a severe course of COVID-19. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2451145. [PMID: 39094122 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to life-threatening clinical manifestations. Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at higher risk for severe courses of COVID-19. So far, however, there are hardly any strategies for predicting the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CVD patients at hospital admission. Thus, we investigated whether this prediction is achievable by prospectively analysing the blood immunophenotype of 94 nonvaccinated participants, including uninfected and acutely SARS-CoV-2-infected CVD patients and healthy donors, using a 36-colour spectral flow cytometry panel. Unsupervised data analysis revealed little differences between healthy donors and CVD patients, whereas the distribution of the cell populations changed dramatically in SARS-CoV-2-infected CVD patients. The latter had more mature NK cells, activated monocyte subsets, central memory CD4+ T cells, and plasmablasts but fewer dendritic cells, CD16+ monocytes, innate lymphoid cells, and CD8+ T-cell subsets. Moreover, we identified an immune signature characterised by CD161+ T cells, intermediate effector CD8+ T cells, and natural killer T (NKT) cells that is predictive for CVD patients with a severe course of COVID-19. Thus, intensified immunophenotype analyses can help identify patients at risk of severe COVID-19 at hospital admission, improving clinical outcomes through specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manina Günter
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Centre, Research Group Dendritic Cells in Infection and Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Anne Lydia Mueller
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mathew J Salazar
- German Cancer Research Centre, Research Group Dendritic Cells in Infection and Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Gekeler
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Prang
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Harm
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Paul Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stella E Autenrieth
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Centre, Research Group Dendritic Cells in Infection and Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Lisowska KA, Ciesielska-Figlon K, Komorniczak M, Bułło-Piontecka B, Dębska-Ślizień A, Wardowska A. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Serum Cytokines in Patients with Lupus Nephritis after COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8278. [PMID: 39125849 PMCID: PMC11311954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have an increased risk of infections and infection-related mortality. Therefore, during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, SLE patients were particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Also, compared to other patients, SLE patients seem to develop more severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with higher rates of hospitalization, invasive ventilation requirements, or death. This study evaluated the immune parameters after SARS-CoV-2 infection in SLE patients. We analyzed subpopulations of peripheral blood cells collected from patients with renal manifestation of SLE (lupus nephritis, LN). LN patients were divided into two subgroups: those unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 (LN CoV-2(-)) and those who had confirmed COVID-19 (LN-CoV-2(+)) six months earlier. We analyzed basic subpopulations of T cells, B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and serum cytokines using flow cytometry. All collected data were compared to a healthy control group without SARS-CoV-2 infection in medical history. LN patients were characterized by a decreased percentage of helper T (Th) cells and an increased percentage of cytotoxic T (Tc) cells regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection. LN CoV-2(+) patients had a higher percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and plasmablasts (PBs) and a lower percentage of non-switched memory (NSM) B cells compared to LN CoV-2(-) patients or healthy controls (HC CoV-2(-)). LN patients had a higher percentage of total monocytes compared with HC CoV-2(-). LN CoV-2(+) patients had a higher percentage of classical and intermediate monocytes than LN CoV-2(-) patients and HC CoV-2(-). LN CoV-2(+) patients had higher serum IL-6 levels than HC CoV-2(-), while LN CoV-2(-) patients had higher levels of serum IL-10. LN patients are characterized by disturbances in the blood's basic immunological parameters. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection influences B-cell and monocyte compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A. Lisowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.A.L.)
| | - Klaudia Ciesielska-Figlon
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.A.L.)
| | - Michał Komorniczak
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Barbara Bułło-Piontecka
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Wardowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.A.L.)
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11
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Davoudi P, Do DN, Rathgeber B, Colombo S, Sargolzaei M, Plastow G, Wang Z, Miar Y. Identification of consensus homozygous regions and their associations with growth and feed efficiency traits in American mink. BMC Genom Data 2024; 25:68. [PMID: 38982354 PMCID: PMC11234557 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-024-01252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent chromosome-based genome assembly and the newly developed 70K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array for American mink (Neogale vison) facilitate the identification of genetic variants underlying complex traits in this species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between consensus runs of homozygosity (ROH) with growth and feed efficiency traits in American mink. A subsample of two mink populations (n = 2,986) were genotyped using the Affymetrix Mink 70K SNP array. The identified ROH segments were included simultaneously, concatenated into consensus regions, and the ROH-based association studies were carried out with linear mixed models considering a genomic relationship matrix for 11 growth and feed efficiency traits implemented in ASReml-R version 4. In total, 298,313 ROH were identified across all individuals, with an average length and coverage of 4.16 Mb and 414.8 Mb, respectively. After merging ROH segments, 196 consensus ROH regions were detected and used for genome-wide ROH-based association analysis. Thirteen consensus ROH regions were significantly (P < 0.01) associated with growth and feed efficiency traits. Several candidate genes within the significant regions are known for their involvement in growth and body size development, including MEF2A, ADAMTS17, POU3F2, and TYRO3. In addition, we found ten consensus ROH regions, defined as ROH islands, with frequencies over 80% of the population. These islands harbored 12 annotated genes, some of which were related to immune system processes such as DTX3L, PARP9, PARP14, CD86, and HCLS1. This is the first study to explore the associations between homozygous regions with growth and feed efficiency traits in American mink. Our findings shed the light on the effects of homozygosity in the mink genome on growth and feed efficiency traits, that can be utilized in developing a sustainable breeding program for mink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pourya Davoudi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Duy Ngoc Do
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Bruce Rathgeber
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Stefanie Colombo
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Mehdi Sargolzaei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Select Sires Inc, Plain City, OH, USA
| | - Graham Plastow
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Livestock Gentec, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Livestock Gentec, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Younes Miar
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.
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12
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Ko JH, Kim CM, Bang MS, Lee DY, Kim DY, Seo JW, Yun NR, Yang JY, Peck KR, Lee KW, Jung SH, Bang HJ, Bae WK, Kim TJ, Byeon KH, Kim SH, Kim DM. Risk Factors for Impaired Cellular or Humoral Immunity after Three Doses of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy and Immunocompromised Individuals. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:752. [PMID: 39066390 PMCID: PMC11281526 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to identify the risk factors for impaired cellular and humoral immunity after three doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Methods: Six months after the third vaccine dose, T-cell immunity was evaluated using interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) in 60 healthy and 139 immunocompromised (IC) individuals, including patients with hematologic malignancy (HM), solid malignancy (SM), rheumatic disease (RD), and kidney transplantation (KT). Neutralizing antibody titers were measured using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). Results: T-cell immunity results showed that the percentages of IGRA-positive results using wild-type/alpha spike protein (SP) and beta/gamma SP were 85% (51/60) and 75% (45/60), respectively, in healthy individuals and 45.6% (62/136) and 40.4% (55/136), respectively, in IC individuals. IC with SM or KT showed a high percentage of IGRA-negative results. The underlying disease poses a risk for impaired cellular immune response to wild-type SP. The risk was low when all doses were administered as mRNA vaccines. The risk factors for an impaired cellular immune response to beta/gamma SP were underlying disease and monocyte%. In the sVNT using wild-type SP, 12 of 191 (6.3%) individuals tested negative. In the PRNT of 46 random samples, 6 (13%) individuals tested negative for the wild-type virus, and 19 (41.3%) tested negative with omicrons. KT poses a risk for an impaired humoral immune response. Conclusions: Underlying disease poses a risk for impaired cellular immune response after the third dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; KT poses a risk for impaired humoral immune response, emphasizing the requirement of precautions in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (J.-Y.Y.); (K.-R.P.)
| | - Choon-Mee Kim
- Department of Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi-Seon Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (M.-S.B.); (D.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (J.-W.S.); (N.-R.Y.)
| | - Da-Yeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (M.-S.B.); (D.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (J.-W.S.); (N.-R.Y.)
| | - Da-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (M.-S.B.); (D.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (J.-W.S.); (N.-R.Y.)
| | - Jun-Won Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (M.-S.B.); (D.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (J.-W.S.); (N.-R.Y.)
| | - Na-Ra Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (M.-S.B.); (D.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (J.-W.S.); (N.-R.Y.)
| | - Jin-Young Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (J.-Y.Y.); (K.-R.P.)
| | - Kyong-Ran Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (J.-Y.Y.); (K.-R.P.)
| | - Kyo-Won Lee
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Hoon Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.J.); (H.-J.B.); (W.-K.B.)
| | - Hyun-Jin Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.J.); (H.-J.B.); (W.-K.B.)
| | - Woo-Kyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.J.); (H.-J.B.); (W.-K.B.)
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyeong-Hwan Byeon
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (M.-S.B.); (D.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (J.-W.S.); (N.-R.Y.)
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13
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Nemeth D, Vago H, Tothfalusi L, Ulakcsai Z, Becker D, Szabo Z, Rojkovich B, Gunkl-Toth L, Merkely B, Nagy G. Escalating SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral immune response in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy controls. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1397052. [PMID: 38911866 PMCID: PMC11190160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immunocompromised patients are at particular risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and previous findings suggest that the infection or vaccination induced immune response decreases over time. Our main goal was to investigate the SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy controls over prolonged time. Methods The SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immune response was measured by Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) immunoassay, and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NCP) were also evaluated by Euroimmun enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. The SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response was detected by an IFN- γ release assay. Results We prospectively enrolled 84 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 43 healthy controls in our longitudinal study. Our findings demonstrate that RA patients had significantly lower anti-S antibody response and reduced SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response compared to healthy controls (p<0.01 for healthy controls, p<0.001 for RA patients). Furthermore, our results present evidence of a notable increase in the SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immune response during the follow-up period in both study groups (p<0.05 for healthy volunteers, p<0.0001 for RA patients, rank-sum test). Participants who were vaccinated against Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) during the interim period had 2.72 (CI 95%: 1.25-5.95, p<0.05) times higher anti-S levels compared to those who were not vaccinated during this period. Additionally, individuals with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibited 2.1 times higher (CI 95%: 1.31-3.37, p<0.01) anti-S levels compared to those who were not infected during the interim period. It is worth noting that patients treated with targeted therapy had 52% (CI 95%: 0.25-0.94, p<0.05) lower anti-S levels compared to matched patients who did not receive targeted therapy. Concerning the SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response, our findings revealed that its level had not changed substantially in the study groups. Conclusion Our present data revealed that the level of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immune response is actually higher, and the SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response remained at the same level over time in both study groups. This heightened humoral response, the nearly permanent SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response and the coexistence of different SARS-CoV-2 variants within the population, might be contributing to the decline in severe COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Nemeth
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Vago
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Tothfalusi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - David Becker
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Szabo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Rojkovich
- Buda Hospital of the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of God, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Gunkl-Toth
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Chronic Pain Research Group, Hungarian Research Network - University of Pécs (HUN-REN-PTE), Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bela Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Nagy
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Buda Hospital of the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of God, Budapest, Hungary
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14
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Starshinova A, Borozinets A, Kulpina A, Sereda V, Rubinstein A, Kudryavtsev I, Kudlay D. Bronchial Asthma and COVID-19: Etiology, Pathological Triggers, and Therapeutic Considerations. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024; 31:269-287. [PMID: 38921725 PMCID: PMC11206645 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology31020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma (BA) continues to be a difficult disease to diagnose. Various factors have been described in the development of BA, but to date, there is no clear evidence for the etiology of this chronic disease. The emergence of COVID-19 has contributed to the pandemic course of asthma and immunologic features. However, there are no unambiguous data on asthma on the background and after COVID-19. There is correlation between various trigger factors that provoke the development of bronchial asthma. It is now obvious that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is one of the provoking factors. COVID-19 has affected the course of asthma. Currently, there is no clear understanding of whether asthma progresses during or after COVID-19 infection. According to the results of some studies, a significant difference was identified between the development of asthma in people after COVID-19. Mild asthma and moderate asthma do not increase the severity of COVID-19 infection. Nevertheless, oral steroid treatment and hospitalization for severe BA were associated with higher COVID-19 severity. The influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection is one of the protective factors. It causes the development of severe bronchial asthma. The accumulated experience with omalizumab in patients with severe asthma during COVID-19, who received omalizumab during the pandemic, has strongly suggested that continued treatment with omalizumab is safe and may help prevent the severe course of COVID-19. Targeted therapy for asthma with the use of omalizumab may also help to reduce severe asthma associated with COVID-19. However, further studies are needed to prove the effect of omalizumab. Data analysis should persist, based on the results of the course of asthma after COVID-19 with varying degrees of severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starshinova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anastasia Borozinets
- Medical Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 197022 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Kulpina
- Medical Department, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Vitaliy Sereda
- Medical Department, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Artem Rubinstein
- Department of immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Igor Kudryavtsev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Kudlay
- Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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15
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Taefehshokr N, Lac A, Vrieze AM, Dickson BH, Guo PN, Jung C, Blythe EN, Fink C, Aktar A, Dikeakos JD, Dekaban GA, Heit B. SARS-CoV-2 NSP5 antagonizes MHC II expression by subverting histone deacetylase 2. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs262172. [PMID: 38682259 PMCID: PMC11166459 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.262172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 interferes with antigen presentation by downregulating major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II on antigen-presenting cells, but the mechanism mediating this process is unelucidated. Herein, analysis of protein and gene expression in human antigen-presenting cells reveals that MHC II is downregulated by the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, NSP5. This suppression of MHC II expression occurs via decreased expression of the MHC II regulatory protein CIITA. CIITA downregulation is independent of the proteolytic activity of NSP5, and rather, NSP5 delivers HDAC2 to the transcription factor IRF3 at an IRF-binding site within the CIITA promoter. Here, HDAC2 deacetylates and inactivates the CIITA promoter. This loss of CIITA expression prevents further expression of MHC II, with this suppression alleviated by ectopic expression of CIITA or knockdown of HDAC2. These results identify a mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 limits MHC II expression, thereby delaying or weakening the subsequent adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Taefehshokr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
| | - Alex Lac
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
| | - Angela M. Vrieze
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
| | - Brandon H. Dickson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
| | - Peter N. Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
| | - Catherine Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
| | - Eoin N. Blythe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 3K7
| | - Corby Fink
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 3K7
| | - Amena Aktar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
| | - Jimmy D. Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 3K7
| | - Gregory A. Dekaban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 3K7
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 3K7
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16
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Afridonova ZE, Toptygina AP, Mikhaylov IS. Humoral and Cellular Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 S and N Proteins. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:872-882. [PMID: 38880648 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924050080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection that has lasted for more than 3 years, is still accompanied by frequent mutations in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and emergence of new virus variants causing new disease outbreak. Of all coronaviral proteins, the S and N proteins are the most immunogenic. The aim of this study was to compare the features of the humoral and T-cell immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 S and N proteins in people with different histories of interaction with this virus. The study included 27 individuals who had COVID-19 once, 23 people who were vaccinated twice with the Sputnik V vaccine and did not have COVID-19, 22 people who had COVID-19 and were vaccinated twice with Sputnik V 6-12 months after the disease, and 25 people who had COVID-19 twice. The level of antibodies was determined by the enzyme immunoassay, and the cellular immunity was assessed by the expression of CD107a on CD8high lymphocytes after recognition of SARS-CoV-2 antigens. It was shown that the humoral immune response to the N protein was formed mainly by short-lived plasma cells synthesizing IgG antibodies of all four subclasses with a gradual switch from IgG3 to IgG1. The response to the S protein was formed by short-lived plasma cells at the beginning of the response (IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses) and then by long-lived plasma cells (IgG1 subclass). The dynamics of antibody level synthesized by the short-lived plasma cells was described by the Fisher equation, while changes in the level of antibodies synthesized by the long-lived plasma cells were described by the Erlang equation. The level of antibodies in the groups with the hybrid immunity exceeded that in the group with the post-vaccination immunity; the highest antibody content was observed in the group with the breakthrough immunity. The cellular immunity to the S and N proteins differed depending on the mode of immune response induction (vaccination or disease). Importantly, the response of heterologous CD8+ T cell to the N proteins of other coronaviruses may be involved in the immune defense against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiia E Afridonova
- G.N.Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 125212, Russia
| | - Anna P Toptygina
- G.N.Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 125212, Russia.
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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17
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Joshi G, Das A, Verma G, Guchhait P. Viral infection and host immune response in diabetes. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:242-266. [PMID: 38063433 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder disrupting blood sugar regulation, has emerged as a prominent silent pandemic. Uncontrolled diabetes predisposes an individual to develop fatal complications like cardiovascular disorders, kidney damage, and neuropathies and aggravates the severity of treatable infections. Escalating cases of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes correlate with a global upswing in diabetes-linked mortality. As a growing global concern with limited preventive interventions, diabetes necessitates extensive research to mitigate its healthcare burden and assist ailing patients. An altered immune system exacerbated by chronic hyperinflammation heightens the susceptibility of diabetic individuals to microbial infections, including notable viruses like SARS-CoV-2, dengue, and influenza. Given such a scenario, we scrutinized the literature and compiled molecular pathways and signaling cascades related to immune compartments in diabetics that escalate the severity associated with the above-mentioned viral infections in them as compared to healthy individuals. The pathogenesis of these viral infections that trigger diabetes compromises both innate and adaptive immune functions and pre-existing diabetes also leads to heightened disease severity. Lastly, this review succinctly outlines available treatments for diabetics, which may hold promise as preventive or supportive measures to effectively combat these viral infections in the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Joshi
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Anushka Das
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Garima Verma
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Prasenjit Guchhait
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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18
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Fracella M, Mancino E, Nenna R, Virgillito C, Frasca F, D'Auria A, Sorrentino L, Petrarca L, La Regina D, Matera L, Di Mattia G, Caputo B, Antonelli G, Pierangeli A, Viscidi RP, Midulla F, Scagnolari C. Age-related transcript changes in type I interferon signaling in children and adolescents with long COVID. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350682. [PMID: 38522030 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 typically causes mild symptoms in children, but evidence suggests that persistent immunopathological changes may lead to long COVID (LC). To explore the interplay between LC and innate immunity, we assessed the type I interferon (IFN-I) response in children and adolescents with LC symptoms (LC; n = 28). This was compared with age-matched SARS-CoV-2 recovered participants without LC symptoms (MC; n = 28) and healthy controls (HC; n = 18). We measured the mRNA expression of IFN-I (IFN-α/β/ε/ω), IFN-I receptor (IFNAR1/2), and ISGs (ISG15, ISG56, MxA, IFI27, BST2, LY6E, OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, and MDA5) in PBMCs collected 3-6 months after COVID-19. LC adolescents (12-17 years) had higher transcript levels of IFN-β, IFN-ε, and IFN-ω than HC, whereas LC children (6-11 years) had lower levels than HC. In adolescents, increased levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-ω mRNAs were found in the LC group compared with MC, while lower levels were observed in LC children than MC. Adolescents with neurological symptoms had higher IFN-α/β mRNA levels than MC. LC and MC participants showed decreased expression of ISGs and IFNAR1, but increased expression of IFNAR2, than HC. Our results show age-related changes in the expression of transcripts involved in the IFN-I signaling pathway in children and adolescents with LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fracella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Mancino
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Nenna
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Frasca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Auria
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrarca
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico La Regina
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Matera
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Greta Di Mattia
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Beniamino Caputo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raphael P Viscidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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19
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De Leeuw E, Hammad H. The role of dendritic cells in respiratory viral infection. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230250. [PMID: 38811032 PMCID: PMC11134197 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0250-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections represent one of the major causes of death worldwide. The recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic alone claimed the lives of over 6 million people around the globe. It is therefore crucial to understand how the immune system responds to these threats and how respiratory infection can be controlled and constrained. Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the key players in antiviral immunity because of their ability to detect pathogens. They can orchestrate an immune response that will, in most cases, lead to viral clearance. Different subsets of DCs are present in the lung and each subset can contribute to antiviral responses through various mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of the different lung DC subsets in response to common respiratory viruses, with a focus on respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We also review how lung DC-mediated responses to respiratory viruses can lead to the worsening of an existing chronic pulmonary disease such as asthma. Throughout the review, we discuss results obtained from animal studies as well as results generated from infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth De Leeuw
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Kumar A, Tripathi P, Kumar P, Shekhar R, Pathak R. From Detection to Protection: Antibodies and Their Crucial Role in Diagnosing and Combatting SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:459. [PMID: 38793710 PMCID: PMC11125746 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is crucial to comprehending disease progression and the significance of vaccine and therapeutic development. The emergence of highly contagious variants poses a significant challenge to humoral immunity, underscoring the necessity of grasping the intricacies of specific antibodies. This review emphasizes the pivotal role of antibodies in shaping immune responses and their implications for diagnosing, preventing, and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. It delves into the kinetics and characteristics of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and explores current antibody-based diagnostics, discussing their strengths, clinical utility, and limitations. Furthermore, we underscore the therapeutic potential of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, discussing various antibody-based therapies such as monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, anti-cytokines, convalescent plasma, and hyperimmunoglobulin-based therapies. Moreover, we offer insights into antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, emphasizing the significance of neutralizing antibodies in order to confer immunity to SARS-CoV-2, along with emerging variants of concern (VOCs) and circulating Omicron subvariants. We also highlight challenges in the field, such as the risks of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and shed light on the challenges associated with the original antigenic sin (OAS) effect and long COVID. Overall, this review intends to provide valuable insights, which are crucial to advancing sensitive diagnostic tools, identifying efficient antibody-based therapeutics, and developing effective vaccines to combat the evolving threat of SARS-CoV-2 variants on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, National Institute of Biologicals, Noida 201309, India
| | - Prajna Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Prashant Kumar
- R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ritu Shekhar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rajiv Pathak
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
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21
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Galati D, Mallardo D, Nicastro C, Zanotta S, Capitelli L, Lombardi C, Baino B, Cavalcanti E, Sale S, Labonia F, Boenzi R, Atripaldi L, Ascierto PA, Bocchino M. The Dysregulation of the Monocyte-Dendritic Cell Interplay Is Associated with In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19 Pneumonia. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2481. [PMID: 38731010 PMCID: PMC11084469 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The monocyte-phagocyte system (MPS), including monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), plays a key role in anti-viral immunity. We aimed to analyze the prognostic value of the MPS components on in-hospital mortality in a cohort of 58 patients (M/F; mean age ± SD years) with COVID-19 pneumonia and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Methods: We measured frequencies and absolute numbers of peripheral blood CD169+ monocytes, conventional CD1c+ and CD141+ (namely cDC2 and cDC1), and plasmacytoid CD303+ DCs by means of multi-parametric flow cytometry. A gene profile analysis of 770 immune-inflammatory-related human genes and 20 SARS-CoV-2 genes was also performed. Results: Median frequencies and absolute counts of CD169-expressing monocytes were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients than in controls (p 0.04 and p 0.01, respectively). Conversely, percentages and absolute numbers of all DC subsets were markedly depleted in patients (p < 0.0001). COVID-19 cases with absolute counts of CD169+ monocytes above the median value of 114.68/μL had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (HR 4.96; 95% CI: 1.42-17.27; p = 0.02). Interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients (p < 0.0001 vs. controls), and negatively correlated with the absolute counts of circulating CD1c+ cDC2 (r = -0.29, p = 0.034) and CD303+ pDC (r = -0.29, p = 0.036) subsets. Viral genes were upregulated in patients with worse outcomes along with inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α) and the anticoagulant protein (PROS1). Conversely, surviving patients had upregulated genes related to inflammatory and anti-viral-related pathways along with the T cell membrane molecule CD4. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the dysregulated interplay between the different components of the MPS along with the imbalance between viral gene expression and host anti-viral immunity negatively impacts COVID-19 outcomes. Although the clinical scenario of COVID-19 has changed over time, a deepening of its pathogenesis remains a priority in clinical and experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Galati
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Hematology and Innovative Diagnostics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Domenico Mallardo
- Unit of Melanoma and Innovative Therapy, Department of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Carmine Nicastro
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, AORN dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.N.); (S.S.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Serena Zanotta
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Hematology and Innovative Diagnostics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Ludovica Capitelli
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (C.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Carmen Lombardi
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (C.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Bianca Baino
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (C.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Ernesta Cavalcanti
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.C.)
| | - Silvia Sale
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, AORN dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.N.); (S.S.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Francesco Labonia
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.C.)
| | - Rita Boenzi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, AORN dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.N.); (S.S.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Luigi Atripaldi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, AORN dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.N.); (S.S.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Paolo Antonio Ascierto
- Unit of Melanoma and Innovative Therapy, Department of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Marialuisa Bocchino
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (C.L.); (B.B.)
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22
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Altay Benetti A, Tan EYZ, Chang ZW, Bae KH, Thwin MT, Muthuramalingam RPK, Liao KC, Wan Y, Ng LFP, Renia L, Liu J, Chen X, Yang YY, White KP, Pastorin G. Design and Characterization of a New Formulation for the Delivery of COVID-19-mRNA Vaccine to the Nasal Mucosa. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:409. [PMID: 38675792 PMCID: PMC11054997 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin, possesses biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesive characteristics, making it an attractive material for the delivery of mRNA payloads to the nasal mucosa and promoting their uptake by target cells such as epithelial and immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells and macrophages). In this project, we aimed at developing novel lipid-based nanoformulations for mRNA delivery to counteract the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The formulations achieved a mRNA encapsulation efficiency of ~80.2% with chitosan-lipid nanoparticles, as measured by the RiboGreen assay. Furthermore, the evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) receptor-binding domain (RBD) expression via ELISA for our vaccine formulations showed transfection levels in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293), lung carcinoma cells (A549), and dendritic cells (DC 2.4) equal to 9.9 ± 0.1 ng/mL (174.7 ± 1.1 fold change from untreated cells (UT)), 7.0 ± 0.2 ng/mL (128.1 ± 4.9 fold change from UT), and 0.9 ± 0.0 ng/mL (18.0 ± 0.1 fold change from UT), respectively. Our most promising vaccine formulation was also demonstrated to be amenable to lyophilization with minimal degradation of loaded mRNA, paving the way towards a more accessible and stable vaccine. Preliminary in vivo studies in mice were performed to assess the systemic and local immune responses. Nasal bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) wash showed that utilizing the optimized formulation resulted in local antibody concentrations and did not trigger any systemic antibody response. However, if further improved and developed, it could potentially contribute to the management of COVID-19 through nasopharyngeal immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayça Altay Benetti
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore; (A.A.B.); (E.Y.Z.T.); (M.T.T.); (R.P.K.M.)
| | - Eugene Yang Zhi Tan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore; (A.A.B.); (E.Y.Z.T.); (M.T.T.); (R.P.K.M.)
| | - Zi Wei Chang
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Ki Hyun Bae
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (K.H.B.); (Y.Y.Y.)
| | - Ma Thinzar Thwin
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore; (A.A.B.); (E.Y.Z.T.); (M.T.T.); (R.P.K.M.)
| | - Ram Pravin Kumar Muthuramalingam
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore; (A.A.B.); (E.Y.Z.T.); (M.T.T.); (R.P.K.M.)
| | - Kuo-Chieh Liao
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore; (K.-C.L.)
| | - Yue Wan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore; (K.-C.L.)
| | - Lisa F. P. Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138632, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jianping Liu
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (J.L.); (X.C.)
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (J.L.); (X.C.)
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (K.H.B.); (Y.Y.Y.)
| | - Kevin P. White
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Program and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore; (A.A.B.); (E.Y.Z.T.); (M.T.T.); (R.P.K.M.)
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23
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Bermejo-Jambrina M, van der Donk LE, van Hamme JL, Wilflingseder D, de Bree G, Prins M, de Jong M, Nieuwkerk P, van Gils MJ, Kootstra NA, Geijtenbeek TB. Control of complement-induced inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. EMBO J 2024; 43:1135-1163. [PMID: 38418557 PMCID: PMC10987522 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated immune responses contribute to the excessive and uncontrolled inflammation observed in severe COVID-19. However, how immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is induced and regulated remains unclear. Here, we uncover the role of the complement system in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Complement rapidly opsonizes SARS-CoV-2 particles via the lectin pathway. Complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2 efficiently induces type-I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses via activation of dendritic cells, which are inhibited by antibodies against the complement receptors (CR) 3 and 4. Serum from COVID-19 patients, or monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, attenuate innate and adaptive immunity induced by complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2. Blocking of CD32, the FcγRII antibody receptor of dendritic cells, restores complement-induced immunity. These results suggest that opsonization of SARS-CoV-2 by complement is involved in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the acute phase of infection. Subsequent antibody responses limit inflammation and restore immune homeostasis. These findings suggest that dysregulation of the complement system and FcγRII signaling may contribute to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bermejo-Jambrina
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lieve Eh van der Donk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L van Hamme
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Godelieve de Bree
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, GGD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pythia Nieuwkerk
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, GGD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology (J3-2019-1), Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis Bh Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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He S, Liu SQ, Teng XY, He JY, Liu Y, Gao JH, Wu Y, Hu W, Dong ZJ, Bei JX, Xu JH. Comparative single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of immune response to inactivated vaccine and natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29577. [PMID: 38572977 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Uncovering the immune response to an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (In-Vac) and natural infection is crucial for comprehending COVID-19 immunology. Here we conducted an integrated analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from serial peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples derived from 12 individuals receiving In-Vac compared with those from COVID-19 patients. Our study reveals that In-Vac induces subtle immunological changes in PBMC, including cell proportions and transcriptomes, compared with profound changes for natural infection. In-Vac modestly upregulates IFN-α but downregulates NF-κB pathways, while natural infection triggers hyperactive IFN-α and NF-κB pathways. Both In-Vac and natural infection alter T/B cell receptor repertoires, but COVID-19 has more significant change in preferential VJ gene, indicating a vigorous immune response. Our study reveals distinct patterns of cellular communications, including a selective activation of IL-15RA/IL-15 receptor pathway after In-Vac boost, suggesting its potential role in enhancing In-Vac-induced immunity. Collectively, our study illuminates multifaceted immune responses to In-Vac and natural infection, providing insights for optimizing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai He
- Medical Laboratory Center, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Teng
- Medical Laboratory Center, Maoming Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming, China
| | - Jin-Yong He
- Medical Laboratory Center, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Gao
- Medical Laboratory Center, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Zhong-Jun Dong
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- Medical Laboratory Center, Maoming Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming, China
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25
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Garcia G, Labrouche-Colomer S, Duvignaud A, Clequin E, Dussiau C, Trégouët DA, Malvy D, Prevel R, Zouine A, Pellegrin I, Goret J, Mamani-Matsuda M, Dewitte A, James C. Impaired balance between neutrophil extracellular trap formation and degradation by DNases in COVID-19 disease. J Transl Med 2024; 22:246. [PMID: 38454482 PMCID: PMC10919029 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombo-inflammation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are exacerbated in severe cases of COVID-19, potentially contributing to disease exacerbation. However, the mechanisms underpinning this dysregulation remain elusive. We hypothesised that lower DNase activity may be associated with higher NETosis and clinical worsening in patients with COVID-19. METHODS Biological samples were obtained from hospitalized patients (15 severe, 37 critical at sampling) and 93 non-severe ambulatory cases. Our aims were to compare NET biomarkers, functional DNase levels, and explore mechanisms driving any imbalance concerning disease severity. RESULTS Functional DNase levels were diminished in the most severe patients, paralleling an imbalance between NET markers and DNase activity. DNase1 antigen levels were higher in ambulatory cases but lower in severe patients. DNase1L3 antigen levels remained consistent across subgroups, not rising alongside NET markers. DNASE1 polymorphisms correlated with reduced DNase1 antigen levels. Moreover, a quantitative deficiency in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which primarily express DNase1L3, was observed in critical patients. Analysis of public single-cell RNAseq data revealed reduced DNase1L3 expression in pDCs from severe COVID-19 patient. CONCLUSION Severe and critical COVID-19 cases exhibited an imbalance between NET and DNase functional activity and quantity. Early identification of NETosis imbalance could guide targeted therapies against thrombo-inflammation in COVID-19-related sepsis, such as DNase administration, to avert clinical deterioration. TRIAL REGISTRATION COVERAGE trial (NCT04356495) and COLCOV19-BX study (NCT04332016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Garcia
- Biology of Cardiovascular Disease, INSERM, UMR 1034, Bordeaux University, CHU Haut-Lévêque, 1 Avenue Magellan, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Sylvie Labrouche-Colomer
- Biology of Cardiovascular Disease, INSERM, UMR 1034, Bordeaux University, CHU Haut-Lévêque, 1 Avenue Magellan, 33600, Pessac, France
- Laboratory of Hematology, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Alexandre Duvignaud
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Etienne Clequin
- CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, Inserm ERL1303, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Charles Dussiau
- Biology of Cardiovascular Disease, INSERM, UMR 1034, Bordeaux University, CHU Haut-Lévêque, 1 Avenue Magellan, 33600, Pessac, France
- Laboratory of Hematology, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Denis Malvy
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Renaud Prevel
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1045, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Atika Zouine
- CNRS, INSERM, TBM-Core, US5, UAR 3427, Flow Cytometry Facility, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Pellegrin
- CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, Inserm ERL1303, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Goret
- CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, Inserm ERL1303, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria Mamani-Matsuda
- CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, Inserm ERL1303, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antoine Dewitte
- CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, Inserm ERL1303, Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Chloe James
- Biology of Cardiovascular Disease, INSERM, UMR 1034, Bordeaux University, CHU Haut-Lévêque, 1 Avenue Magellan, 33600, Pessac, France.
- Laboratory of Hematology, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33600, Pessac, France.
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Mahmoodi M, Mohammadi Henjeroei F, Hassanshahi G, Nosratabadi R. Do chemokine/chemokine receptor axes play paramount parts in trafficking and oriented locomotion of monocytes/macrophages toward the lungs of COVID-19 infected patients? A systematic review. Cytokine 2024; 175:156497. [PMID: 38190792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a well-defined viral infection, resulting from SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus-2). The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense to limit viral spreading and subsequently stimulate adaptive immune responses by the prominent aids of its cellular and molecular arms. Monocytes are defined as the most prominent innate immune cells (IICs) that are reactive against invading pathogens. These cells support host protection against the virus that is mediated by several non-specific mechanisms such as phagocytosis, producing antiviral enzymes, and recruitment of immune cells toward and into the infected tissues. They have the ability to egress from blood and migrate to the SARS-CoV-2 infected regions by the aid of some defense-related functions like chemotaxis, which is mediated by chemical compounds, e.g., chemokines. Chemokines, in addition to their related ligands are categorized within the most important and deserved agents involved in oriented trafficking of monocytes/macrophages towards and within the lung parenchyma in both steady state and pathological circumstances, including COVID-19-raised infection. However, the overexpression of chemokines could have deleterious effects on various organs through the induction of cytokine storm and may be the most important leading mechanisms in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Authors have aimed the current review article to describe present knowledge about the interplay between monocytes/macrophages and SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the ability of IICs to migrate and home into the lung of COVID-19 patients through various chemokine-chemokine receptor axes to promote our understanding regarding this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merat Mahmoodi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi Henjeroei
- Department of Medical Immunology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, RafsanjanUniversity of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Nosratabadi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Eltayeb A, Al-Sarraj F, Alharbi M, Albiheyri R, Mattar E, Abu Zeid IM, Bouback TA, Bamagoos A, Aljohny BO, Uversky VN, Redwan EM. Overview of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129523. [PMID: 38232879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV in 2003, researchers worldwide have been toiling away at deciphering this virus's biological intricacies. In line with other known coronaviruses, the nucleocapsid (N) protein is an important structural component of SARS-CoV. As a result, much emphasis has been placed on characterizing this protein. Independent research conducted by a variety of laboratories has clearly demonstrated the primary function of this protein, which is to encapsidate the viral genome. Furthermore, various accounts indicate that this particular protein disrupts diverse intracellular pathways. Such observations imply its vital role in regulating the virus as well. The opening segment of this review will expound upon these distinct characteristics succinctly exhibited by the N protein. Additionally, it has been suggested that the N protein possesses diagnostic and vaccine capabilities when dealing with SARS-CoV. In light of this fact, we will be reviewing some recent headway in the use cases for N protein toward clinical purposes within this article's concluding segments. This forward movement pertains to both developments of COVID-19-oriented therapeutic targets as well as diagnostic measures. The strides made by medical researchers offer encouragement, knowing they are heading toward a brighter future combating global pandemic situations such as these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eltayeb
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Al-Sarraj
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alharbi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Albiheyri
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Mattar
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isam M Abu Zeid
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer A Bouback
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam O Aljohny
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, 21934 Alexandria, Egypt.
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Hsieh MS, Hsu CW, Liao HC, Lin CL, Chiang CY, Chen MY, Liu SJ, Liao CL, Chen HW. SARS-CoV-2 spike-FLIPr fusion protein plus lipidated FLIPr protects against various SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamsters. J Virol 2024; 98:e0154623. [PMID: 38299865 PMCID: PMC10878263 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01546-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced mucosal immunity and broad protective capacity against various severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants remain inadequate. Formyl peptide receptor-like 1 inhibitory protein (FLIPr), produced by Staphylococcus aureus, can bind to various Fcγ receptor subclasses. Recombinant lipidated FLIPr (rLF) was previously found to be an effective adjuvant. In this study, we developed a vaccine candidate, the recombinant Delta SARS-CoV-2 spike (rDS)-FLIPr fusion protein (rDS-F), which employs the property of FLIPr binding to various Fcγ receptors. Our study shows that rDS-F plus rLF promotes rDS capture by dendritic cells. Intranasal vaccination of mice with rDS-F plus rLF increases persistent systemic and mucosal antibody responses and CD4/CD8 T-cell responses. Importantly, antibodies induced by rDS-F plus rLF vaccination neutralize Delta, Wuhan, Alpha, Beta, and Omicron strains. Additionally, rDS-F plus rLF provides protective effects against various SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamsters by reducing inflammation and viral loads in the lung. Therefore, rDS-F plus rLF is a potential vaccine candidate to induce broad protective responses against various SARS-CoV-2 variants.IMPORTANCEMucosal immunity is vital for combating pathogens, especially in the context of respiratory diseases like COVID-19. Despite this, most approved vaccines are administered via injection, providing systemic but limited mucosal protection. Developing vaccines that stimulate both mucosal and systemic immunity to address future coronavirus mutations is a growing trend. However, eliciting strong mucosal immune responses without adjuvants remains a challenge. In our study, we have demonstrated that using a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike-formyl peptide receptor-like 1 inhibitory protein (FLIPr) fusion protein as an antigen, in combination with recombinant lipidated FLIPr as an effective adjuvant, induced simultaneous systemic and mucosal immune responses through intranasal immunization in mice and hamster models. This approach offered protection against various SARS-CoV-2 strains, making it a promising vaccine candidate for broad protection. This finding is pivotal for future broad-spectrum vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shu Hsieh
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chun Liao
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ling Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Chiang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yu Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Len Liao
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Moll-Bernardes R, Ferreira JR, Sousa AS, Tortelly MB, Pimentel AL, Figueiredo ACBS, Schaustz EB, Secco JCP, Sales ARK, Terzi FVO, Xavier de Brito A, Sarmento RO, Noya-Rabelo MM, Fortier S, Matos E Silva FA, Vera N, Conde L, Cabral-Castro MJ, Albuquerque DC, Rosado de-Castro P, Camargo GC, Pinheiro MVT, Souza OF, Bozza FA, Luiz RR, Medei E. Impact of the immune profiles of hypertensive patients with and without obesity on COVID-19 severity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:254-262. [PMID: 37932408 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidities such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are associated with COVID-19 development and severity, probably due to immune dysregulation; however, the mechanisms underlying these associations are not clear. The immune signatures of hypertensive patients with obesity with COVID-19 may provide new insight into the mechanisms of immune dysregulation and progression to severe disease in these patients. METHODS Hypertensive patients were selected prospectively from a multicenter registry of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and stratified according to obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²). Clinical data including baseline characteristics, complications, treatment, and 46 immune markers were compared between groups. Logistic regression was performed to identify variables associated with the risk of COVID-19 progression in each group. RESULTS The sample comprised 213 patients (89 with and 124 without obesity). The clinical profiles of patients with and without obesity differed, suggesting potential interactions with COVID-19 severity. Relative to patients without obesity, patients with obesity were younger and fewer had cardiac disease and myocardial injury. Patients with obesity had higher EGF, GCSF, GMCSF, interleukin (IL)-1ra, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, IL-15, IL-1β, MCP 1, and VEGF levels, total lymphocyte counts, and CD8+ CD38+ mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), and lower NK-NKG2A MFI and percentage of CD8+ CD38+ T cells. Significant correlations between cytokine and immune cell expression were observed in both groups. Five variables best predicted progression to severe COVID-19 in patients with obesity: diabetes, the EGF, IL-10, and IL-13 levels, and the percentage of CD8+ HLA-DR+ CD38+ cells. Three variables were predictive for patients without obesity: myocardial injury and the percentages of B lymphocytes and HLA-DR+ CD38+ cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that clinical and immune variables and obesity interact synergistically to increase the COVID-19 progression risk. The immune signatures of hypertensive patients with and without obesity severe COVID-19 highlight differences in immune dysregulation mechanisms, with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana R Ferreira
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréa Silvestre Sousa
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Tortelly
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana L Pimentel
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina B S Figueiredo
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Flavia V O Terzi
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renée O Sarmento
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Internal Medicine Department, Rio de Janeiro Federal State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia M Noya-Rabelo
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, São Paulo, Brazil
- Bahia School of Medicine and Public Health, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sergio Fortier
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Narendra Vera
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Conde
- Bahia School of Medicine and Public Health, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mauro Jorge Cabral-Castro
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denilson C Albuquerque
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology Department, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Olga F Souza
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronir R Luiz
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute for Studies in Public Health-IESC, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emiliano Medei
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Chen Z, Yuan Y, Hu Q, Zhu A, Chen F, Li S, Guan X, Lv C, Tang T, He Y, Cheng J, Zheng J, Hu X, Zhao J, Zhao J, Sun J. SARS-CoV-2 immunity in animal models. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:119-133. [PMID: 38238440 PMCID: PMC10806257 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, which was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a worldwide health crisis due to its transmissibility. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in severe respiratory illness and can lead to significant complications in affected individuals. These complications encompass symptoms such as coughing, respiratory distress, fever, infectious shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and even multiple-organ failure. Animal models serve as crucial tools for investigating pathogenic mechanisms, immune responses, immune escape mechanisms, antiviral drug development, and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, various animal models for SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as nonhuman primates (NHPs), ferrets, hamsters, and many different mouse models, have been developed. Each model possesses distinctive features and applications. In this review, we elucidate the immune response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients and provide an overview of the characteristics of various animal models mainly used for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the corresponding immune responses and applications of these models. A comparative analysis of transcriptomic alterations in the lungs from different animal models revealed that the K18-hACE2 and mouse-adapted virus mouse models exhibited the highest similarity with the deceased COVID-19 patients. Finally, we highlighted the current gaps in related research between animal model studies and clinical investigations, underscoring lingering scientific questions that demand further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Yaochang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Qingtao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Airu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Shu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Chao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Tian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Yiyun He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jinling Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jingxian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510005, China.
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510005, China.
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
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Kang Y, Lu S, Zhong R, You J, Chen J, Li L, Huang R, Xie Y, Chen F, Chen J, Chen L. The immune inflammation factors associated with disease severity and poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23583. [PMID: 38173531 PMCID: PMC10761779 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with immune dysregulation and cytokine storm. It is essential to explore the immune response characteristics of peripheral circulation in COVID-19 patients to reveal pathogenesis and predict disease progression. In this study, the levels of total immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA), complement (C3, C4),lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ cell,CD4+ cell,CD8+ cell, NK cell, CD19+ cell and CD45+ cell) and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-12p, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-α and IFN-γ) were retrospectively analyzed in COVID-19 patients. A total of 513 patients were enrolled in this study, cases were distributed according to clinical status as mild or moderate (n = 212), severe survivors (n = 197) and severe non-survivors (n = 104). IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IFN-γ were increased in severe patients compared with non-severe patients, despite decreased CD45+ cell, CD3+ cell, CD4+ cell, CD8+ cell, CD19+ cell, and NK cell. Compared with severe survivors, the levels of L-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in non-survivors increased significantly, and levels of C3, CD45+ cell, CD3+ cell,CD4+ cell,CD8+ cell, and NK cell decreased. Moreover, age, IL-8, IL-10, CD8+cells and NK cell were independent risk factors for the severity of COVID-19. Multivariable regression showed increasing odds ratio of in-hospital death associated with tumor, older age, higher IL-8 level, and decreasing odds ratio of in-hospital death associated with increased levels of CD8+cell and NK cell. Finally, patients with tumor, or high IL-6 or high IL-10 expression and lower CD8+ or lower NK levels exhibited a significantly shorter survival time. In conclusion, our study provides findings of the immunological characteristics associated with disease severity to predict the progression of COVID-19. The immune inflammation factors, such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CD8+ cell and NK cell, could serve as excellent biomarkers for monitoring or predicting COVID-19 progression therapeutic to COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shifa Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, JianOu Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province, Nanping, China
| | - Ruifang Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianbin You
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongbin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, JianOu Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province, Nanping, China
| | - Yanyan Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Falin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangyuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Harriott NC, Ryan AL. Proteomic profiling identifies biomarkers of COVID-19 severity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23320. [PMID: 38163173 PMCID: PMC10755324 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection remains a major public health concern, particularly for the aged and those individuals with co-morbidities at risk for developing severe COVID-19. Understanding the pathogenesis and biomarkers associated with responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection remain critical components in developing effective therapeutic approaches, especially in cases of severe and long-COVID-19. In this study blood plasma protein expression was compared in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 disease. Evaluation of an inflammatory protein panel confirms upregulation of proteins including TNFβ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, already associated with severe cytokine storm and progression to severe COVID-19. Importantly, we identify several proteins not yet associated with COVID-19 disease, including mesothelin (MSLN), that are expressed at significantly higher levels in severe COVID-19 subjects. In addition, we find a subset of markers associated with T-cell and dendritic cell responses to viral infection that are significantly higher in mild cases and decrease in expression as severity of COVID-19 increases, suggesting that an immediate and effective activation of T-cells is critical in modulating disease progression. Together, our findings identify new targets for further investigation as therapeutic approaches for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and prevention of complications of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa C. Harriott
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90033, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA 52240, USA
| | - Amy L. Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90033, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA 52240, USA
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33
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Razafimahatratra SL, Andriatefy OH, Mioramalala DJN, Tsatoromila FAM, Randrianarisaona F, Dussart P, Schoenhals M. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 immunizations of an unvaccinated population lead to complex immunity. A T cell reactivity study of blood donors in Antananarivo. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:175-181. [PMID: 38039861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Madagascar has undergone multiple and robust COVID-19 waves. The resulting immune background developed by its poorly vaccinated population has however not been described. METHODS In this study, serological analysis and specific T cell response descriptions were used to describe the history of exposures of the capital's blood donors to SARS-CoV-2 and its VOCs. Samples were collected early 2022, and pools of multiple immunogenic peptides of SARS-CoV-2 were used in an IFN-γ secretion ELISPOT assay to characterize the specific T-cell immunity developed against these potential epitopes. RESULTS Multiple epidemic waves have led to 92.1% of donors having detectable antibodies, and 94.8% having developed T-cells against SARS-CoV-2. Heterogeneous reactivities to different strain-derived peptides suggested multiple immunological backgrounds in the population including 16.1% of individuals exposed at least once to a unique strain, 27.1% to two strains, 28.5% to three strains, and 23.1% to four distinct strains. CONCLUSIONS Cross-reactivity increased with multiple exposures but did not decrease the risk of re-infection. These results describe the extremely complex immunological background developed following multiple natural immunizations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Dussart
- Direction, Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Matthieu Schoenhals
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar.
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Tang L, Ding H, Zeng Q, Zhou R, Liu B, Huang X. Engineered Nanovesicles Expressing Bispecific Single Chain Variable Fragments to Protect against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6783-6796. [PMID: 37969099 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Although the epidemic has been controlled in many areas and numerous patients have been successfully treated, the risk of reinfection persists due to the low neutralizing antibody titers and weak immune response. To provide long-term immune protection for infected patients, novel bispecific CB6/dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin (SIGN) nanovesicles (NVs) were constructed to target both the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) and the DC receptors for virus neutralization and immune activation. Herein, we designed NVs expressing both CB6 and DC-SIGN single chain variable fragments (scFvs) on the surface to block SARS-CoV-2 invasion and activate DC function. Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) was loaded into the CB6/DC-SIGN NVs as an adjuvant to promote this process. The CB6/DC-SIGN NVs prevented a pseudovirus expressing the S protein from infecting the target cells expressing high levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in vitro. Additionally, CB6/DC-SIGN NVs admixed with S-expressing pseudoviruses activated the DCs, which was promoted by the adjuvant MPLA loaded in the NVs. Using a mouse model, we also confirmed that the CB6/DC-SIGN NVs effectively improved the neutralizing antibody titer and inhibited the growth of tumors expressing the S protein after 3 weeks of treatment. This potential NV-based treatment not only exerts a blocking effect by binding the S protein in the short term but may also provide patients with long-term protection against secondary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lantian Tang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Hanxi Ding
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Renjie Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037 Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Emergency, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037 Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
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35
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Schramm CA, Moon D, Peyton L, Lima NS, Wake C, Boswell KL, Henry AR, Laboune F, Ambrozak D, Darko SW, Teng IT, Foulds KE, Carfi A, Edwards DK, Kwong PD, Koup RA, Seder RA, Douek DC. Interaction dynamics between innate and adaptive immune cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in non-human primates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7961. [PMID: 38042809 PMCID: PMC10693617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 variants continue evolving, testing updated vaccines in non-human primates remains important for guiding human clinical practice. To date, such studies have focused on antibody titers and antigen-specific B and T cell frequencies. Here, we extend our understanding by integrating innate and adaptive immune responses to mRNA-1273 vaccination in rhesus macaques. We sorted innate immune cells from a pre-vaccine time point, as well as innate immune cells and antigen-specific peripheral B and T cells two weeks after each of two vaccine doses and used single-cell sequencing to assess the transcriptomes and adaptive immune receptors of each cell. We show that a subset of S-specific T cells expresses cytokines critical for activating innate responses, with a concomitant increase in CCR5-expressing intermediate monocytes and a shift of natural killer cells to a more cytotoxic phenotype. The second vaccine dose, administered 4 weeks after the first, elicits an increase in circulating germinal center-like B cells 2 weeks later, which are more clonally expanded and enriched for epitopes in the receptor binding domain. Both doses stimulate inflammatory response genes associated with elevated antibody production. Overall, we provide a comprehensive picture of bidirectional signaling between innate and adaptive components of the immune system and suggest potential mechanisms for the enhanced response to secondary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaim A Schramm
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Damee Moon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lowrey Peyton
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Noemia S Lima
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christian Wake
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kristin L Boswell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amy R Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Farida Laboune
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David Ambrozak
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Samuel W Darko
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kathryn E Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | | | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Karagöz IK, Kaya M, Rückert R, Bozman N, Kaya V, Bayram H, Yıldırım M. A bioinformatic analysis: Previous allergen exposure may support anti- SARS-CoV-2 immune response. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 107:107961. [PMID: 37788543 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 has become a global health problem due to significant mortality rates; the exact pathophysiological mechanism remains uncertain. Articles reporting patient data are quite heterogeneous and have several limitations. Surviving patients develop a CD4 and CD8 T-cell response to the virus SARS-CoV-2 during COVID-19. Interestingly, pre-existing virus-reactive T-cells have been found in patients that were not infected before, suggesting some form of cross-reactivity or immunological mimicry. To better understand this phenomenon, we performed a bioinformatic study, which was aimed to identify antigenic structures that may explain the presence of such "reactive" T-cells, which may support or modulate the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Seven different common environmental allergen epitopes identical to the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein were identified that share affinity to 8 MHCI-specific epitope regions. Pollen showed the greatest similarity with the S protein epitope. In the epitope similarity analysis between the S protein and MHC-II / T helper epitopes, the highest similarity was determined for mites. When S-protein that stimulates B cells and identical epitope antigens are examined, the most common allergens were hornbeam and wheat. The high epitope similarity observed for the allergens examined and S protein epitopes suggest that these allergens may be a reason for pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 - reactive T-cells in previously non-infected subjects and such a previous exposure may affect the course of the disease in COVID-19 infection. It remains to be determined whether such a previous existence of SARS-CoV-2 reactive cells can support the clearance of the virus or if they, in contrast, may even aggravate the disease course. (Table 4, Ref 54).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isıl Kutluturk Karagöz
- Umraniye Trn. And Rch. Hospital, Division of Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Turkey; Yıldız Technical University, Bioengineering Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | - Nazli Bozman
- Gaziantep University Arts and Science Faculty Department of Biology, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Vildan Kaya
- Medstar Antalya Hospital, Division of Radiation Oncology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Halim Bayram
- Dr. Ersin Arslan Trn. And Rch Hospital, Division of Infection Diseases, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yıldırım
- Sanko University, School of Medicine, Internal Diseases, Division of Oncology, Gaziantep, Turkey
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37
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Oliva-Ariza G, Fuentes-Herrero B, Lecrevisse Q, Carbonell C, Pérez-Pons A, Torres-Valle A, Pozo J, Martín-Oterino JÁ, González-López Ó, López-Bernús A, Bernal-Ribes M, Belhassen-García M, Pérez-Escurza O, Pérez-Andrés M, Vazquez L, Hernández-Pérez G, García Palomo FJ, Leoz P, Costa-Alba P, Pérez-Losada E, Yeguas A, Santos Sánchez M, García-Blázquez M, Morán-Plata FJ, Damasceno D, Botafogo V, Muñoz-García N, Fluxa R, van Dongen JJM, Marcos M, Almeida J, Orfao A. Immune cell kinetics and antibody response in COVID-19 patients with low-count monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:1909-1922. [PMID: 37792579 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Low-count monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBLlo ) has been associated with an underlying immunodeficiency and has recently emerged as a new risk factor for severe COVID-19. Here, we investigated the kinetics of immune cell and antibody responses in blood during COVID-19 of MBLlo versus non-MBL patients. For this study, we analyzed the kinetics of immune cells in blood of 336 COVID-19 patients (74 MBLlo and 262 non-MBL), who had not been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, over a period of 43 weeks since the onset of infection, using high-sensitivity flow cytometry. Plasma levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured in parallel by ELISA. Overall, early after the onset of symptoms, MBLlo COVID-19 patients showed increased neutrophil, monocyte, and particularly, plasma cell (PC) counts, whereas eosinophil, dendritic cell, basophil, and lymphocyte counts were markedly decreased in blood of a variable percentage of samples, and with a tendency toward normal levels from week +5 of infection onward. Compared with non-MBL patients, MBLlo COVID-19 patients presented higher neutrophil counts, together with decreased pre-GC B-cell, dendritic cell, and innate-like T-cell counts. Higher PC levels, together with a delayed PC peak and greater plasma levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies (at week +2 to week +4) were also observed in MBLlo patients. In summary, MBLlo COVID-19 patients share immune profiles previously described for patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, associated with a delayed but more pronounced PC and antibody humoral response once compared with non-MBL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Oliva-Ariza
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Blanca Fuentes-Herrero
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Quentin Lecrevisse
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Carbonell
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alba Pérez-Pons
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alba Torres-Valle
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Julio Pozo
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ángel Martín-Oterino
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Óscar González-López
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Amparo López-Bernús
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Salamanca, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Bernal-Ribes
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Moncef Belhassen-García
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Salamanca, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Oihane Pérez-Escurza
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Martín Pérez-Andrés
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Vazquez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Guillermo Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Leoz
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Costa-Alba
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Pérez-Losada
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Intensive Care Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Yeguas
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miryam Santos Sánchez
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - F Javier Morán-Plata
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniela Damasceno
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vitor Botafogo
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Noemí Muñoz-García
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Jacques J M van Dongen
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Julia Almeida
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC - University of Salamanca); Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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38
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Harte JV, Coleman-Vaughan C, Crowley MP, Mykytiv V. It's in the blood: a review of the hematological system in SARS-CoV-2-associated COVID-19. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:595-624. [PMID: 37439130 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2232010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an unprecedented global healthcare crisis. While SARS-CoV-2-associated COVID-19 affects primarily the respiratory system, patients with COVID-19 frequently develop extrapulmonary manifestations. Notably, changes in the hematological system, including lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia and significant abnormalities of hemostatic markers, were observed early in the pandemic. Hematological manifestations have since been recognized as important parameters in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and in the management of patients with COVID-19. In this narrative review, we summarize the state-of-the-art regarding the hematological and hemostatic abnormalities observed in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated COVID-19, as well as the current understanding of the hematological system in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic SARS-CoV-2-associated COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- James V Harte
- Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Maeve P Crowley
- Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
- Irish Network for Venous Thromboembolism Research (INViTE), Ireland
| | - Vitaliy Mykytiv
- Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
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39
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Li T, Wang D, Wei H, Xu X. Cytokine storm and translating IL-6 biology into effective treatments for COVID-19. Front Med 2023; 17:1080-1095. [PMID: 38157195 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As of May 3, 2023, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in more than 760 million confirmed cases and over 6.9 million deaths. Several patients have developed pneumonia, which can deteriorate into acute respiratory distress syndrome. The primary etiology may be attributed to cytokine storm, which is triggered by the excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines and subsequently leads to immune dysregulation. Considering that high levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been detected in several highly pathogenic coronavirus-infected diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2002, the Middle East respiratory syndrome in 2012, and COVID-19, the IL-6 pathway has emerged as a key in the pathogenesis of this hyperinflammatory state. Thus, we review the history of cytokine storm and the process of targeting IL-6 signaling to elucidate the pivotal role played by tocilizumab in combating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Science and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
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40
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Chiu KHY, Yip CCY, Poon RWS, Leung KH, Li X, Hung IFN, To KKW, Cheng VCC, Yuen KY. Correlations of Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Adenosine deaminase (ADA), C-C motif chemokine 22 (CCL22), Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in the nasopharyngeal specimens with the diagnosis and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2157338. [PMID: 36482706 PMCID: PMC9809351 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2157338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine dynamics in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been studied in blood but seldomly in respiratory specimens. We studied different cell markers and cytokines in fresh nasopharyngeal swab specimens for the diagnosis and for stratifying the severity of COVID-19. This was a retrospective case-control study comparing Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Adenosine deaminase (ADA), C-C motif chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22), Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in 490 (327 patients and 163 control) nasopharyngeal specimens from 317 (154 COVID-19 and 163 control) hospitalized patients. Of the 154 COVID-19 cases, 46 died. Both total and normalized MPO, ADA, CCL22, TNFα, and IL-6 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in the nasopharyngeal specimens of infected patients when compared with controls, with ADA showing better performance (OR 5.703, 95% CI 3.424-9.500, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve showed that the cut-off value of normalized ADA mRNA level at 2.37 × 10-3 had a sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 83.4%. While patients with severe COVID-19 had more respiratory symptoms, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase, multivariate analysis showed that severe COVID-19 patients had lower CCL22 mRNA (OR 0.211, 95% CI 0.060-0.746, p = 0.016) in nasopharyngeal specimens, while lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, and viral load in nasopharyngeal specimens did not correlate with disease severity. In summary, ADA appears to be a better biomarker to differentiate between infected and uninfected patients, while CCL22 has the potential in stratifying the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cyril Chik-Yan Yip
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rosana Wing-Shan Poon
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kit-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China,Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, , Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China,Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China,Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, , Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, Kwok-Yung Yuen
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41
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Al Saihati HA, Hussein HAM, Thabet AA, Wardany AA, Mahmoud SY, Farrag ES, Mohamed TIA, Fathy SM, Elnosary ME, Sobhy A, Ahmed AE, El-Adly AM, El-Shenawy FS, Elsadek AA, Rayan A, Zahran ZAM, El-Badawy O, El-Naggar MGM, Afifi MM, Zahran AM. Memory T Cells Discrepancies in COVID-19 Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2737. [PMID: 38004749 PMCID: PMC10673271 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response implicated in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis remains to be fully understood. The present study aimed to clarify the alterations in CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells' compartments in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, with an emphasis on various comorbidities affecting COVID-19 patients. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 35 COVID-19 patients, 16 recovered individuals, and 25 healthy controls, and analyzed using flow cytometry. Significant alterations were detected in the percentage of CD8+ T cells and effector memory-expressing CD45RA CD8+ T cells (TEMRA) in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, altered percentages of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, T effector (TEff), T naïve cells (TNs), T central memory (TCM), T effector memory (TEM), T stem cell memory (TSCM), and TEMRA T cells were significantly associated with the disease severity. Male patients had more CD8+ TSCMs and CD4+ TNs cells, while female patients had a significantly higher percentage of effector CD8+CD45RA+ T cells. Moreover, altered percentages of CD8+ TNs and memory CD8+CD45RO+ T cells were detected in diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 patients, respectively. In summary, this study identified alterations in memory T cells among COVID-19 patients, revealing a sex bias in the percentage of memory T cells. Moreover, COVID-19 severity and comorbidities have been linked to specific subsets of T memory cells which could be used as therapeutic, diagnostic, and protective targets for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajir A. Al Saihati
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafar Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.S.); (E.S.F.)
| | - Hosni A. M. Hussein
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.W.); (T.I.A.M.); (A.M.E.-A.); (F.S.E.-S.)
| | - Ali A. Thabet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Wardany
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.W.); (T.I.A.M.); (A.M.E.-A.); (F.S.E.-S.)
| | - Sabry Y. Mahmoud
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbiology, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Eman S. Farrag
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafar Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.S.); (E.S.F.)
- Department of Microbiology, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Taha I. A. Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.W.); (T.I.A.M.); (A.M.E.-A.); (F.S.E.-S.)
| | - Samah M. Fathy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed E. Elnosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt; (M.E.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Ali Sobhy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.S.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Abdelazeem E. Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.S.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Ahmed M. El-Adly
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.W.); (T.I.A.M.); (A.M.E.-A.); (F.S.E.-S.)
| | - Fareed S. El-Shenawy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.W.); (T.I.A.M.); (A.M.E.-A.); (F.S.E.-S.)
| | | | - Amal Rayan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | | | - Omnia El-Badawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed G. M. El-Naggar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (M.G.M.E.-N.); (A.M.Z.)
| | - Magdy M. Afifi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt; (M.E.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Asmaa M. Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (M.G.M.E.-N.); (A.M.Z.)
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42
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Asghari F, Asghary A, Majidi Zolbanin N, Faraji F, Jafari R. Immunosenescence and Inflammaging in COVID-19. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:579-592. [PMID: 37797216 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite knowledge gaps in understanding the full spectrum of the hyperinflammatory phase caused by SARS-CoV-2, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 is still the leading cause of death worldwide. Susceptible people to severe COVID-19 are those with underlying medical conditions or those with dysregulated and senescence-associated immune responses. As the immune system undergoes aging in the elderly, such drastic changes predispose them to various diseases and affect their responsiveness to infections, as seen in COVID-19. At-risk groups experience poor prognosis in terms of disease recovery. Changes in the quantity and quality of immune cell function have been described in numerous literature sites. Impaired immune cell function along with age-related metabolic changes can lead to features such as hyperinflammatory response, immunosenescence, and inflammaging in COVID-19. Inflammaging is related to the increased activity of the most inflammatory factors and is the main cause of age-related diseases and tissue failure in the elderly. Since hyperinflammation is a common feature of most severe cases of COVID-19, this pathway, which is not fully understood, leads to immunosenescence and inflammaging in some individuals, especially in the elderly and those with comorbidities. In this review, we shed some light on the age-related abnormalities of innate and adaptive immune cells and how hyperinflammatory immune responses contribute to the inflammaging process, leading to clinical deterioration. Further, we provide insights into immunomodulation-based therapeutic approaches, which are potentially important considerations in vaccine design for elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Asghari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Asghary
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Naime Majidi Zolbanin
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Faraji
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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43
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Chen X, Liu B, Li C, Wang Y, Geng S, Du X, Weng J, Lai P. Stem cell-based therapy for COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110890. [PMID: 37688914 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
While The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced that COVID-19 is no longer a public health emergency of international concern(PHEIC), the risk of reinfection and new emerging variants still makes it crucial to study and work towards the prevention of COVID-19. Stem cell and stem cell-like derivatives have shown some promising results in clinical trials and preclinical studies as an alternative treatment option for the pulmonary illnesses caused by the COVID-19 and can be used as a potential vaccine. In this review, we will systematically summarize the pathophysiological process and potential mechanisms underlying stem cell-based therapy in COVID-19, and the registered COVID-19 clinical trials, and engineered extracellular vesicle as a potential vaccine for preventing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Chen
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Yulian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Suxia Geng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Jianyu Weng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Peilong Lai
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.
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44
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Wang Y, Liang Q, Chen F, Zheng J, Chen Y, Chen Z, Li R, Li X. Immune-Cell-Based Therapy for COVID-19: Current Status. Viruses 2023; 15:2148. [PMID: 38005826 PMCID: PMC10674523 DOI: 10.3390/v15112148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic. The interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses plays a crucial role in managing COVID-19. Cell therapy has recently emerged as a promising strategy to modulate the immune system, offering immense potential for the treatment of COVID-19 due to its customizability and regenerative capabilities. This review provides an overview of the various subsets of immune cell subsets implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and a comprehensive summary of the current status of immune cell therapy in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (F.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.C.); (R.L.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qinghe Liang
- Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (F.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.C.); (R.L.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fengsheng Chen
- Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (F.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.C.); (R.L.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiehuang Zheng
- Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (F.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.C.); (R.L.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (F.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.C.); (R.L.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ziye Chen
- Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (F.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.C.); (R.L.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruopeng Li
- Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (F.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.C.); (R.L.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (F.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.C.); (R.L.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Hackney JA, Shivram H, Vander Heiden J, Overall C, Orozco L, Gao X, Kim E, West N, Qamra A, Chang D, Chakrabarti A, Choy DF, Combes AJ, Courau T, Fragiadakis GK, Rao AA, Ray A, Tsui J, Hu K, Kuhn NF, Krummel MF, Erle DJ, Kangelaris K, Sarma A, Lyon Z, Calfee CS, Woodruff PG, Ghale R, Mick E, Byrne A, Zha BS, Langelier C, Hendrickson CM, van der Wijst MG, Hartoularos GC, Grant T, Bueno R, Lee DS, Greenland JR, Sun Y, Perez R, Ogorodnikov A, Ward A, Ye CJ, Ramalingam T, McBride JM, Cai F, Teterina A, Bao M, Tsai L, Rosas IO, Regev A, Kapadia SB, Bauer RN, Rosenberger CM. A myeloid program associated with COVID-19 severity is decreased by therapeutic blockade of IL-6 signaling. iScience 2023; 26:107813. [PMID: 37810211 PMCID: PMC10551843 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered myeloid inflammation and lymphopenia are hallmarks of severe infections. We identified the upregulated EN-RAGE gene program in airway and blood myeloid cells from patients with acute lung injury from SARS-CoV-2 or other causes across 7 cohorts. This program was associated with greater clinical severity and predicted future mechanical ventilation and death. EN-RAGEhi myeloid cells express features consistent with suppressor cell functionality, including low HLA-DR and high PD-L1. Sustained EN-RAGE program expression in airway and blood myeloid cells correlated with clinical severity and increasing expression of T cell dysfunction markers. IL-6 upregulated many EN-RAGE program genes in monocytes in vitro. IL-6 signaling blockade by tocilizumab in a placebo-controlled clinical trial led to rapid normalization of EN-RAGE and T cell gene expression. This identifies IL-6 as a key driver of myeloid dysregulation associated with worse clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients and provides insights into shared pathophysiological mechanisms in non-COVID-19 ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haridha Shivram
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Chris Overall
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Luz Orozco
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Xia Gao
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Eugene Kim
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nathan West
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Aditi Qamra
- Hoffman-La Roche Limited, 7070 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5N 5M8, Canada
| | - Diana Chang
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - David F. Choy
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Tristan Courau
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Arjun Arkal Rao
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arja Ray
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Tsui
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Hu
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David J. Erle
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Aartik Sarma
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zoe Lyon
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rajani Ghale
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eran Mick
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Byrne
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Monique G.P. van der Wijst
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tianna Grant
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raymund Bueno
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David S. Lee
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Yang Sun
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard Perez
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Alyssa Ward
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Fang Cai
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anastasia Teterina
- Hoffman-La Roche Limited, 7070 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5N 5M8, Canada
| | - Min Bao
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Larry Tsai
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ivan O. Rosas
- Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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van der Donk LEH, Bermejo-Jambrina M, van Hamme JL, Volkers MMW, van Nuenen AC, Kootstra NA, Geijtenbeek TBH. SARS-CoV-2 suppresses TLR4-induced immunity by dendritic cells via C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011735. [PMID: 37844099 PMCID: PMC10602378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, an infectious disease with symptoms ranging from a mild cold to severe pneumonia, inflammation, and even death. Although strong inflammatory responses are a major factor in causing morbidity and mortality, superinfections with bacteria during severe COVID-19 often cause pneumonia, bacteremia and sepsis. Aberrant immune responses might underlie increased sensitivity to bacteria during COVID-19 but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here we investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 directly suppresses immune responses to bacteria. We studied the functionality of human dendritic cells (DCs) towards a variety of bacterial triggers after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein and SARS-CoV-2 primary isolate (hCoV-19/Italy). Notably, pre-exposure of DCs to either SARS-CoV-2 S protein or a SARS-CoV-2 isolate led to reduced type I interferon (IFN) and cytokine responses in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas other TLR agonists were not affected. SARS-CoV-2 S protein interacted with the C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN and, notably, blocking DC-SIGN with antibodies restored type I IFN and cytokine responses to LPS. Moreover, blocking the kinase Raf-1 by a small molecule inhibitor restored immune responses to LPS. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 modulates DC function upon TLR4 triggering via DC-SIGN-induced Raf-1 pathway. These data imply that SARS-CoV-2 actively suppresses DC function via DC-SIGN, which might account for the higher mortality rates observed in patients with COVID-19 and bacterial superinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve E. H. van der Donk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Bermejo-Jambrina
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John L. van Hamme
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mette M. W. Volkers
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ad C. van Nuenen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A. Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis B. H. Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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47
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Muyayalo KP, Gong GS, Kiyonga Aimeé K, Liao AH. Impaired immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection is the major factor indirectly altering reproductive function in COVID-19 patients: a narrative review. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:778-796. [PMID: 37811836 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2023.2262757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease affecting multiple systems and organs, including the reproductive system. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can damage reproductive organs through direct (angiotensin converting enzyme-2, ACE-2) and indirect mechanisms. The immune system plays an essential role in the homeostasis and function of the male and female reproductive systems. Therefore, an altered immune response related to infectious and inflammatory diseases can affect reproductive function and fertility in both males and females. This narrative review discussed the dysregulation of innate and adaptive systems induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We reviewed the evidence showing that this altered immune response in COVID-19 patients is the major indirect mechanism leading to adverse reproduction outcomes in these patients. We summarized studies reporting the long-term effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on women's reproductive function and proposed the chronic inflammation and chronic autoimmunity characterizing long COVID as potential underlying mechanisms. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of autoimmunity and chronic inflammation (long COVID) in altered female reproduction function in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahindo P Muyayalo
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, D. R. Congo
| | - Guang-Shun Gong
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Kahindo Kiyonga Aimeé
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Tropical Medicine Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, D. R. Congo
| | - Ai-Hua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
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48
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Onofrio LI, Marin C, Dutto J, Brugo MB, Baigorri RE, Bossio SN, Quiróz JN, Almada L, Ruiz Moreno F, Olivera C, Silvera-Ruiz SM, Ponce NE, Icely PA, Amezcua Vesely MC, Fozzatti L, Rodríguez-Galán MC, Stempin CC, Cervi L, Maletto BA, Acosta Rodríguez EV, Bertone M, Abiega CD, Escudero D, Kahn A, Caeiro JP, Maccioni M, Motrán CC, Gruppi A, Sotomayor CE, Chiapello LS, Montes CL. COVID-19 patients display changes in lymphocyte subsets with a higher frequency of dysfunctional CD8lo T cells associated with disease severity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223730. [PMID: 37809093 PMCID: PMC10552777 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This work examines cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in patients from Córdoba, Argentina, during two major waves characterized by different circulating viral variants and different social behavior. Using flow cytometry, we evaluated the main lymphocyte populations of peripheral blood from hospitalized patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 disease. Our results show disturbances in the cellular immune compartment, as previously reported in different cohorts worldwide. We observed an increased frequency of B cells and a significant decrease in the frequency of CD3+ T cells in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy donors (HD). We also found a reduction in Tregs, which was more pronounced in severe patients. During the first wave, the frequency of GZMB, CD107a, CD39, and PD-1-expressing conventional CD4+ T (T conv) cells was significantly higher in moderate and severe patients than in HD. During the second wave, only the GZMB+ T conv cells of moderate and severe patients increased significantly. In addition, these patients showed a decreased frequency in IL-2-producing T conv cells. Interestingly, we identified two subsets of circulating CD8+ T cells with low and high CD8 surface expression in both HD and COVID-19 patients. While the percentages of CD8hi and CD8lo T cells within the CD8+ population in HD are similar, a significant increase was observed in CD8lo T cell frequency in COVID-19 patients. CD8lo T cell populations from HD as well as from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients exhibited lower frequencies of the effector cytokine-producing cells, TNF, IL-2, and IFN-γ, than CD8hi T cells. Interestingly, the frequency of CD8lo T cells increased with disease severity, suggesting that this parameter could be a potential marker for disease progression. Indeed, the CD8hi/CD8lo index helped to significantly improve the patient's clinical stratification and disease outcome prediction. Our data support the addition of, at least, a CD8hi/CD8lo index into the panel of biomarkers commonly used in clinical labs, since its determination may be a useful tool with impact on the therapeutic management of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisina Ines Onofrio
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Marin
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jeremías Dutto
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Belén Brugo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ruth Eliana Baigorri
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Noemi Bossio
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Nahuel Quiróz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Almada
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Federico Ruiz Moreno
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Olivera
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silene M. Silvera-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Eric Ponce
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Alejandra Icely
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Carolina Amezcua Vesely
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Fozzatti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Rodríguez-Galán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cinthia Carolina Stempin
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Cervi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Belkys Angélica Maletto
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva Virginia Acosta Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Bertone
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudio Daniel Abiega
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daiana Escudero
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adrián Kahn
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Caeiro
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Maccioni
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Cristina Motrán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Elena Sotomayor
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Silvina Chiapello
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Lucia Montes
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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Weng T, Dong Y, Huang N, Zhao C, Zhang L, Cao S, Tang J, Zhang D, Zhang X. Disseminated tuberculosis in a child during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case report and literature review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1249878. [PMID: 37781385 PMCID: PMC10536161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disseminated tuberculosis is an uncommon but devastating form of tuberculosis, possibly developing with the immune response of patients. COVID-19 infection may produce an immunosuppressive effect with possible implications for tuberculosis dissemination. Case presentation A 17-year-old female patient with a history of tuberculous pleurisy presented to the hospital with a high fever and life-threatening dyspnea after contracting a COVID-19 infection. Her condition deteriorated rapidly with grand mal epilepsy and acute gastrointestinal bleeding with a grossly depressed CD4 T-cell count, which was indicative of her profoundly immunosuppressed state. After identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis in her cerebrospinal fluid and a subcutaneous abscess in her left lower back, she was diagnosed with disseminated tuberculosis involving both lungs, the central nervous system, the terminal ileum, the liver, bilateral adnexal tissue, and subcutaneous soft tissue in accordance with the chest and abdominal CT. Empirical treatment was initiated with dexamethasone (5 mg/day) and an anti-tuberculosis regimen of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, amikacin, and meropenem, which was replaced with faropenem after she left the hospital. The therapeutic effect was considered satisfied in the second month of follow-up. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case report of disseminated tuberculosis after COVID-19 infection. Tuberculosis may disseminate and progress during the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring more significant studies to provide better diagnosis and treatment options for the co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xianming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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50
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Zhou Z, Li D, Zhao Z, Shi S, Wu J, Li J, Zhang J, Gui K, Zhang Y, Ouyang Q, Mei H, Hu Y, Li F. Dynamical modelling of viral infection and cooperative immune protection in COVID-19 patients. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011383. [PMID: 37656752 PMCID: PMC10501599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Once challenged by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the human host immune system triggers a dynamic process against infection. We constructed a mathematical model to describe host innate and adaptive immune response to viral challenge. Based on the dynamic properties of viral load and immune response, we classified the resulting dynamics into four modes, reflecting increasing severity of COVID-19 disease. We found the numerical product of immune system's ability to clear the virus and to kill the infected cells, namely immune efficacy, to be predictive of disease severity. We also investigated vaccine-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results suggested that immune efficacy based on memory T cells and neutralizing antibody titers could be used to predict population vaccine protection rates. Finally, we analyzed infection dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants within the construct of our mathematical model. Overall, our results provide a systematic framework for understanding the dynamics of host response upon challenge by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and this framework can be used to predict vaccine protection and perform clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Zhou
- School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dianjie Li
- School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziheng Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Shi
- Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhang
- School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Gui
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ouyang
- School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangting Li
- School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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