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Giuliani ME, Bacchiocchi S, Accoroni S, Siracusa M, Campacci D, Notarstefano V, Mezzelani M, Piersanti A, Totti C, Benedetti M, Regoli F, Gorbi S. Subcellular effects and lipid metabolism alterations in the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata fed on ovatoxins-contaminated mussels. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141413. [PMID: 38336037 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The marine microalgae Ostreopsis cf. ovata are a well-known producer of palytoxin (PlTXs) analogues, i.e. ovatoxins (OVTXs) among others, which arouse concern for animal and human health. Both in field and laboratory studies, presence of OVTXs, detected in species directly feeding on O. cf. ovata, was frequently correlated with impairment on organisms' physiology, development and behaviour, while similar knowledge is still lacking for animals feeding on contaminated preys. In this study, transfer and toxicity of OVTXs were evaluated in an exposure experiment, in which gilthead seabream Sparus aurata was fed with bivalve mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, contaminated by a toxic strain of O. cf. ovata. Mussels exposed to O. cf. ovata for 21 days accumulated meanly 188 ± 13 μg/kg OVTXs in the whole tissues. Seabreams fed with OVTX-contaminated mussels started to reject the food after 6 days of contaminated diet. Although no detectable levels of OVTXs were measured in muscle, liver, gills and gastro-intestinal tracts, the OVTX-enriched diet induced alterations of lipid metabolism in seabreams livers, displaying a decreased content of total lipid and fatty acid, together with overexpression of fatty acid biosynthetic genes, downregulation of β-oxidation genes and modulation of several genes related to lipid transport and regulation. Results from this study would suggest the hypothesis that OVTXs produced by O. cf. ovata may not be subject to bioaccumulation in fish fed on contaminated preys, being however responsible of significant biological effects, with important implications for human consumption of seafood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Giuliani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Simone Bacchiocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Melania Siracusa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Debora Campacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marica Mezzelani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Arianna Piersanti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maura Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy.
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Ibghi M, Rijal Leblad B, L’Bachir El Kbiach M, Aboualaalaa H, Daoudi M, Masseret E, Le Floc’h E, Hervé F, Bilien G, Chomerat N, Amzil Z, Laabir M. Molecular Phylogeny, Morphology, Growth and Toxicity of Three Benthic Dinoflagellates Ostreopsis sp. 9, Prorocentrum lima and Coolia monotis Developing in Strait of Gibraltar, Southwestern Mediterranean. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:49. [PMID: 38251265 PMCID: PMC10819257 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Few works have been carried out on benthic harmful algal blooms (BHAB) species in the southern Mediterranean and no data are available for the highly dynamic Strait of Gibraltar (western Mediterranean waters). For the first time, Ostreopsis sp. 9, Prorocentrum lima and Coolia monotis were isolated in this key region in terms of exchanges between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean and subject to intense maritime traffic. Ribotyping confirmed the morphological identification of these three dinoflagellates species. Monoclonal cultures were established and the maximum growth rate and cell yield were measured at a temperature of 24 °C and an irradiance of 90 µmol photons m-2 s-1, for each species: 0.26 ± 0.02 d-1 (8.75 × 103 cell mL-1 after 28 days) for Ostreopsis sp. 9, 0.21 ± 0.01 d-1 (49 × 103 cell mL-1 after 145 days) for P. lima and 0.21 ± 0.01 d-1 (10.02 × 103 cell mL-1 after 28 days) for C. monotis. Only P. lima was toxic with concentrations of okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1 measured in optimal growth conditions ranging from 6.4 pg cell-1 to 26.97 pg cell-1 and from 5.19 to 25.27 pg cell-1, respectively. The toxin content of this species varied in function of the growth phase. Temperature influenced the growth and toxin content of P. lima. Results suggest that future warming of Mediterranean coastal waters may lead to higher growth rates and to increases in cellular toxin levels in P. lima. Nitrate and ammonia affected the toxin content of P. lima but no clear trend was noted. In further studies, we have to isolate other BHAB species and strains from Strait of Gibraltar waters to obtain more insight into their diversity and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Ibghi
- Marine Environment Monitoring Laboratory, INRH (Moroccan Institute of Fisheries Research), Tangier 90000, Morocco; (M.I.); (H.A.); (M.D.)
- Equipe de Biotechnologie Végétale, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tetouan, Tetouan 93000, Morocco;
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, 34095 Montpellier, France; (E.M.); (E.L.F.)
| | - Benlahcen Rijal Leblad
- Marine Environment Monitoring Laboratory, INRH (Moroccan Institute of Fisheries Research), Tangier 90000, Morocco; (M.I.); (H.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Mohammed L’Bachir El Kbiach
- Equipe de Biotechnologie Végétale, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tetouan, Tetouan 93000, Morocco;
| | - Hicham Aboualaalaa
- Marine Environment Monitoring Laboratory, INRH (Moroccan Institute of Fisheries Research), Tangier 90000, Morocco; (M.I.); (H.A.); (M.D.)
- Equipe de Biotechnologie Végétale, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tetouan, Tetouan 93000, Morocco;
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, 34095 Montpellier, France; (E.M.); (E.L.F.)
| | - Mouna Daoudi
- Marine Environment Monitoring Laboratory, INRH (Moroccan Institute of Fisheries Research), Tangier 90000, Morocco; (M.I.); (H.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Estelle Masseret
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, 34095 Montpellier, France; (E.M.); (E.L.F.)
| | - Emilie Le Floc’h
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, 34095 Montpellier, France; (E.M.); (E.L.F.)
| | - Fabienne Hervé
- Laboratoire Phycotoxines, IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea)/PHYTOX/METALG, 44311 Nantes, France; (F.H.); (Z.A.)
| | - Gwenael Bilien
- IFREMER, Unité Littoral, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, 29185 Concarneau, France; (G.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Nicolas Chomerat
- IFREMER, Unité Littoral, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, 29185 Concarneau, France; (G.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Zouher Amzil
- Laboratoire Phycotoxines, IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea)/PHYTOX/METALG, 44311 Nantes, France; (F.H.); (Z.A.)
| | - Mohamed Laabir
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, 34095 Montpellier, France; (E.M.); (E.L.F.)
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Accoroni S, Cangini M, Angeletti R, Losasso C, Bacchiocchi S, Costa A, Taranto AD, Escalera L, Fedrizzi G, Garzia A, Longo F, Macaluso A, Melchiorre N, Milandri A, Milandri S, Montresor M, Neri F, Piersanti A, Rubini S, Suraci C, Susini F, Vadrucci MR, Mudadu AG, Vivaldi B, Soro B, Totti C, Zingone A. Marine phycotoxin levels in shellfish-14 years of data gathered along the Italian coast. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 131:102560. [PMID: 38212084 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Along the Italian coasts, toxins of algal origin in wild and cultivated shellfish have been reported since the 1970s. In this study, we used data gathered by the Veterinary Public Health Institutes (IZS) and the Italian Environmental Health Protection Agencies (ARPA) from 2006 to 2019 to investigate toxicity events along the Italian coasts and relate them to the distribution of potentially toxic species. Among the detected toxins (OA and analogs, YTXs, PTXs, STXs, DAs, AZAs), OA and YTX were those most frequently reported. Levels exceeding regulatory limits in the case of OA (≤2,448 μg equivalent kg-1) were associated with high abundances of Dinophysis spp., and in the case of YTXs (≤22 mg equivalent kg-1) with blooms of Gonyaulax spinifera, Lingulodinium polyedra, and Protoceratium reticulatum. Seasonal blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. occur all along the Italian coast, but DA has only occasionally been detected in shellfish at concentrations always below the regulatory limit (≤18 mg kg-1). Alexandrium spp. were recorded in several areas, although STXs (≤13,782 µg equivalent kg-1) rarely and only in few sites exceeded the regulatory limit in shellfish. Azadinium spp. have been sporadically recorded, and AZAs have been sometimes detected but always in low concentrations (≤7 µg equivalent kg-1). Among the emerging toxins, PLTX-like toxins (≤971 μg kg-1 OVTX-a) have often been detected mainly in wild mussels and sea urchins from rocky shores due to the presence of Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Overall, Italian coastal waters harbour a high number of potentially toxic species, with a few HAB hotspots mainly related to DSP toxins. Nevertheless, rare cases of intoxications have occurred so far, reflecting the whole Mediterranean Sea conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Cangini
- National Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, CRM, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela Garzia
- DiSVA, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Anna Milandri
- National Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, CRM, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Stefania Milandri
- National Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, CRM, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Neri
- DiSVA, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Silva Rubini
- IZS della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cecilia Totti
- DiSVA, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Medina-Pérez NI, Santos FJ, Berdalet E, Moyano E. Multiply charged ion profiles in the UHPLC-HRMS analysis of palytoxin analogues from Ostreopsis cf. ovata blooms. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1355-1364. [PMID: 36847157 PMCID: PMC10633106 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay02019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Analogues of palytoxin (PLTX), one of the most potent marine biotoxins, are produced by some species of the marine dinoflagellates of the genus Ostreopsis. The proliferation of these species in different coastal zones represents a potential threat of seafood poisoning in humans because the produced toxins can be transferred through marine food webs. Thus, the determination of the concentration of PLTX analogues (ovatoxins-OVTXs, ostreocins-OSTs and isobaric PLTX) in different matrices (seawater, marine fauna, etc.) is necessary to protect human health. This study is addressed to overcome some of the challenges that the chemical complexity of these molecules poses to their quantification by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry-based techniques (UHPLC-HRMS). In particular, the mass spectra of the palytoxin analogues show the presence of a large number of ions (including mono- and multiply charged ions) whose nature, relative abundances and behavior can lead to quantitation errors if the correct ions are not selected. In this work, the variability of the PLTX and OVTX profiles under different instrument conditions, including the use of diverse electrospray generation sources and different quantitation methods, is studied. Moreover, the extraction protocol in seawater containing Ostreopsis sp. ovata cells is also evaluated. The use of a heated electrospray operating at 350 °C and a quantitative method including ions from different multiply charged species provides a more robust and reliable method for overcoming the problems due to the variability in the toxin's mass spectrum profile. A single MeOH : H2O (80 : 20, v/v) extraction is proposed as the best and reliable procedure. The overall method proposed was applied to quantify OVTXs (-a to -g) and iso-PLTX along the 2019 Ostreopsis cf. ovata bloom. The cells contained a total toxin concentration of up to 20.39 pg per cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Inmaculada Medina-Pérez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Water Research Institute (IdRA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Berdalet
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Moyano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Water Research Institute (IdRA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Medina-Pérez NI, Cerdán-García E, Rubió F, Viure L, Estrada M, Moyano E, Berdalet E. Progress on the Link between Nutrient Availability and Toxin Production by Ostreopsis cf. ovata: Field and Laboratory Experiments. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030188. [PMID: 36977079 PMCID: PMC10057244 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the understanding of the nutrient modulation of Ostreopsis cf. ovata toxin content. During the 2018 natural bloom in the NW Mediterranean, the total toxin content (up to ca. 57.6 ± 7.0 pg toxin cell−1) varied markedly. The highest values often coincided with elevated O. cf. ovata cell abundance and with low inorganic nutrient concentrations. The first culture experiment with a strain isolated from that bloom showed that cell toxin content was higher in the stationary than in the exponential phase of the cultures; phosphate- and nitrate-deficient cells exhibited similar cell toxin variability patterns. The second experiment with different conditions of nitrogen concentration and source (nitrate, urea, ammonium, and fertilizer) presented the highest cellular toxin content in the high-nitrogen cultures; among these, urea induced a significantly lower cellular toxin content than the other nutrient sources. Under both high- and low-nitrogen concentrations, cell toxin content was also higher in the stationary than in the exponential phase. The toxin profile of the field and cultured cells included ovatoxin (OVTX) analogues -a to -g and isobaric PLTX (isoPLTX). OVTX-a and -b were dominant while OVTX-f, -g, and isoPLTX contributed less than 1-2%. Overall, the data suggest that although nutrients determine the intensity of the O. cf. ovata bloom, the relationship of major nutrient concentrations, sources and stoichiometry with cellular toxin production is not straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Inmaculada Medina-Pérez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Cerdán-García
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Francesc Rubió
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Viure
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Estrada
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Moyano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Water Research Institute (IdRA), University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, E-08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Berdalet
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Ibghi M, El Kbiach ML, Rijal Leblad B, Aboualaalaa H, Hervé F, Sibat M, Chair A, Masseret E, Maamour N, Daoudi M, Amzil Z, Laabir M. Occurrence of three dominant epibenthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima) in relation to biotic substrates and environmental factors in a highly dynamic ecosystem, the Strait of Gibraltar (Southwestern Mediterranean). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:810. [PMID: 36129570 PMCID: PMC9490739 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
No studies have been carried out on the benthic harmful algal blooms (BHABs) along the Strait of Gibraltar in the Mediterranean, and little is known about the diversity of blooming species. Here, epibenthic dinoflagellates were monitored at least biweekly over 18 months (May 2019-November 2020) in Oued Lihoud, Cap Malabata and Dalia on the thalli of five dominant macrophytes and in the water column. This is the first report on the seasonal distribution of BHAB species hosted by natural biotic substrates in the Strait of Gibraltar, which is known for high hydrodynamics, major entry of Atlantic waters and important maritime traffic. Three BHAB dinoflagellates were observed in the surveyed areas: Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima. The analysis of all data at the three sites showed that Dictyota dichotoma was the most favourable macroalgae host for these benthic dinoflagellates. The highest cell densities were observed in Cap Malabata for Ostreopsis spp. (2.7 × 105 cells/g fresh weight in September 2020), P. lima (4.57 × 104 cells/g FW in September 2020) and C. monotis (4.07 × 104 cells/g FW in June 2019). Phosphate and temperature were positively correlated to the abundances of the studied thermophilic BHAB species. In contrast, negative correlations were recorded with salinity, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, DIN, nitrogen/phosphate ratio and suspended material, attesting of the complex relationships between environmental factors and BHAB species dynamic in each marine ecosystem. Toxin analyses of the natural phytoplankton assemblage during BHABs showed the presence of only lipophilic toxins, namely okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins produced by P. lima. These BHABs species have to be isolated to establish monoclonal cultures for ribotyping and ecophysiological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Ibghi
- Equipe de Biotechnologie Végétale, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
- National Institute of Fisheries Research (INRH), Tangier, Morocco
- CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Montpellier University, MARBEC, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Hicham Aboualaalaa
- Equipe de Biotechnologie Végétale, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
- National Institute of Fisheries Research (INRH), Tangier, Morocco
- CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Montpellier University, MARBEC, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabienne Hervé
- French Institute for Research and Exploitation of the sea (IFREMER), METALG laboratory, PHYTOX, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Manoella Sibat
- French Institute for Research and Exploitation of the sea (IFREMER), METALG laboratory, PHYTOX, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Adil Chair
- National Institute of Fisheries Research (INRH), Tangier, Morocco
- Marine Geosciences and Soil Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Dokkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Estelle Masseret
- CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Montpellier University, MARBEC, Montpellier, France
| | - Niama Maamour
- National Institute of Fisheries Research (INRH), Tangier, Morocco
| | - Mouna Daoudi
- National Institute of Fisheries Research (INRH), Tangier, Morocco
| | - Zouher Amzil
- French Institute for Research and Exploitation of the sea (IFREMER), METALG laboratory, PHYTOX, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Mohamed Laabir
- CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Montpellier University, MARBEC, Montpellier, France
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Towards the Prediction of Favourable Conditions for the Harmful Algal Bloom Onset of Ostreopsis ovata in the Ligurian Sea Based on Satellite and Model Data. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the occurrence of Ostreopsis ovata (O. ovata) Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) has increased in the coasts of the Ligurian Sea, causing problems to the marine environment and human health. Favourable conditions for O. ovata bloom are triggered by many drivers, many of which are still under investigation, but we hypothesize that this phenomenon can be simulated using a reduced number of major meteo-marine factors, namely water temperature and remixing. Satellite and model data obtained and derived from Copernicus service, namely Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Significant Wave Height (SWH), were therefore investigated as possible proxies of these local factors. A simplified conceptual model, built on such proxies, was developed and applied to yield a synthetic indicator informative on O. ovata abundance. The model was tested in two study areas in the Ligurian Sea, Marina di Pisa and Marina di Massa in Tuscany, Italy. The results obtained show that the synthetic indicator is able to account for about 35% of the temporal variability of O. ovata bloom occurrence in the two study areas.
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Monserrat M, Catania D, Asnaghi V, Chiantore M, Lemée R, Mangialajo L. The role of habitat in the facilitation of Ostreopsis spp. blooms. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 113:102199. [PMID: 35287932 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, recurrent Ostreopsis spp. blooms have been recorded throughout the globe, causing public health issues and mass mortalities of invertebrates. Ostreopsis species are benthic and develop in shallow waters in close relation with a substrate, but possible substrate preferences are still ambiguous. Bloom develops on both living and dead substrates and several interacting biotic and abiotic factors acting at different spatial scales can potentially foster or regulate Ostreopsis spp. development. The objective of this review is to collect and summarize information on Ostreopsis spp. blooms related to the habitat at different spatial scales, in order to assess preferences and trends. References including Ostreopsis spp. samplings in the field were analysed in this review, as potentially including information about the micro- (substrate), meso‑ (community) and macrohabitat (ecosystem) related to Ostreopsis spp. blooms. The sampled substrate and the ecosystem where Ostreopsis spp. were collected were generally reported and described in the studies, while the description of the mesohabitat was rarely reported. Ostreopsis spp. were generally described as attached to biotic substrates and in particular, macroalgae, even in studies conducted in coral reefs, where macroalgae are generally not dominant (but they can be in case of coral reef degradation). In both temperate and tropical areas, Ostreopsis spp. were mostly sampled on algal species usually forming medium or low complexity communities (erect or turf-forming algae), often characteristic from post-regime shift scenarios, and rarely on canopy-forming species (such as fucoids and kelps). This literature review highlights the need of collecting more information about the mesohabitat where important Ostreopsis spp. blooms develop, as much as of the underlying mechanisms driving eventual differences on Ostreopsis spp. abundances. This knowledge would allow a better risk assessment of Ostreopsis spp. blooms, identifying areas at high risk on the base of the benthic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Monserrat
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Nice, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-mer, France; Federative Research Institute - Marine Resources, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
| | - Daniela Catania
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Nice, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | | | | | - Rodolphe Lemée
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Luisa Mangialajo
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Nice, France; Federative Research Institute - Marine Resources, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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9
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Gu H, Wang Y, Derrien A, Hervé F, Wang N, Pransilpa M, Lim PT, Leaw CP. Two toxigenic Ostreopsis species, O. cf. ovata and O. siamensis (Dinophyceae), from the South China Sea, tropical Western Pacific. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 113:102206. [PMID: 35287930 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the dinophyte genus Ostreopsis, seven out of 11 described species are known to produce various toxic compounds that were characterized in the palytoxins family. Species in the genus shared identical thecal plate patterns but differed in size, shape, and thecal plate ornamentation. Two species, O. cf. ovata and O. siamensis, have been reported from the Western Pacific, but information on toxin production is scarce. Here, we established nine strains of Ostreopsis from six localities in the South China Sea (SCS), covering the Gulf of Thailand, northern SCS (Hainan Island, Beibu Bay), and southern SCS (Peninsular Malaysia). Their morphology was examined by light and electron microscopy and the molecular phylogeny was inferred based on the LSU rDNA (D1-D3) and ITS rDNA sequences using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Both O. cf. ovata and O. siamensis, albeit morphologically closely related, can be distinguished by a feature of the thecal pores with pronounced ridges in the latter. Molecular data further supported their species identity. Toxin production in the strains was examined by LC-MS/MS. O. cf. ovata strain T5PRBost02 was observed to produce Ovatoxin-k and Ovatoxin-j2 only; while Ostreocin-B and Ostreocin-D was produced by O. siamensis strain T10PRBost04. This is the first report confirming the production of palytoxins analogs in Ostreopsis species from the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Gu
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yinuo Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Amélie Derrien
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau CEDEX, France
| | - Fabienne Hervé
- Ifremer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), DYNECO, laboratoire Phycotoxines, rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 03, , France
| | - Na Wang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mitila Pransilpa
- Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, East Gulf of Thailand, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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10
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Drouet K, Jauzein C, Gasparini S, Pavaux AS, Berdalet E, Marro S, Davenet-Sbirrazuoli V, Siano R, Lemée R. The benthic toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the NW Mediterranean Sea: Relationship between sea surface temperature and bloom phenology. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 112:102184. [PMID: 35144819 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata can induce ecological and human health issues in certain temperate areas. In order to prevent these negative effects, long-term monitoring studies of O. cf. ovata blooms have been conducted in several impacted areas to have a comprehensive understanding of bloom dynamics and efficient tools for risk management. O. cf. ovata blooms were monitored every summer (from mid-June to the end of August) on five identified sites in Larvotto beach (Monaco, NW Mediterranean Sea), between 2007 and 2019. This time-series represents one of the largest time-series in the world describing blooms of this species. Bloom phenological features (timing, duration, maximum cell abundance and growth rate), were found to be highly variable throughout the studied period, and were analyzed as a function of different hydroclimatic parameters, including sea surface temperature (SST). The highest net growth rates were related to temperatures ranging between 21°C and 25°C, and did not coincide with maximal temperature records (27.5°C). Such results suggest that, although global warming possibly influences the expansion of O. cf. ovata from tropical to temperate waters, the definite impact of temperature on bloom dynamics might be more complex than a simple facilitation factor for algal growth, at least in NW Mediterranean waters. Furthermore, monthly SST anomalies calculated over this 13-year survey showed a strong positive correlation between spring SST positive anomalies and the bloom starting date, indicating that blooms occurred earlier in the season when spring SSTs were warmer than usual. Overall results provide tools to modelers and managers who are facing crucial challenges to predict the distribution and phenology of O. cf. ovata blooms in European coastal waters, moreover in a context of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Drouet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (UMR 7093), Villefranche-sur-Mer, FRANCE; Ifremer, DYNECO Pelagos, F-29280 Plouzané, FRANCE.
| | - C Jauzein
- Ifremer, DYNECO Pelagos, F-29280 Plouzané, FRANCE
| | - S Gasparini
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (UMR 7093), Villefranche-sur-Mer, FRANCE
| | - A-S Pavaux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (UMR 7093), Villefranche-sur-Mer, FRANCE
| | - E Berdalet
- Institut de Ciènces del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, SPAIN
| | - S Marro
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (UMR 7093), Villefranche-sur-Mer, FRANCE
| | | | - R Siano
- Ifremer, DYNECO Pelagos, F-29280 Plouzané, FRANCE
| | - R Lemée
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (UMR 7093), Villefranche-sur-Mer, FRANCE
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11
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Review of Harmful Algal Blooms in the Coastal Mediterranean Sea, with a Focus on Greek Waters. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13080396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic marine eutrophication has been recognized as one of the major threats to aquatic ecosystem health. In recent years, eutrophication phenomena, prompted by global warming and population increase, have stimulated the proliferation of potentially harmful algal taxa resulting in the prevalence of frequent and intense harmful algal blooms (HABs) in coastal areas. Numerous coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea (MS) are under environmental pressures arising from human activities that are driving ecosystem degradation and resulting in the increase of the supply of nutrient inputs. In this review, we aim to present the recent situation regarding the appearance of HABs in Mediterranean coastal areas linked to anthropogenic eutrophication, to highlight the features and particularities of the MS, and to summarize the harmful phytoplankton outbreaks along the length of coastal areas of many localities. Furthermore, we focus on HABs documented in Greek coastal areas according to the causative algal species, the period of occurrence, and the induced damage in human and ecosystem health. The occurrence of eutrophication-induced HAB incidents during the past two decades is emphasized.
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12
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Habibi N, Uddin S, Bottein MYD, Faizuddin M. Ciguatera in the Indian Ocean with Special Insights on the Arabian Sea and Adjacent Gulf and Seas: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:525. [PMID: 34437396 PMCID: PMC8402595 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dinoflagellates of the genus Gambierdiscus are found in almost all oceans and seas between the coordinates 35° N and 35° S. Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa are producers of ciguatoxins (CTXs), which are known to cause foodborne disease associated with contaminated seafood. The occurrence and effects of CTXs are well described in the Pacific and the Caribbean. However, historically, their properties and presence have been poorly documented in the Indian Ocean (including the Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, and the Gulf). A higher occurrence of these microorganisms will proportionately increase the likelihood of CTXs entering the food chain, posing a severe threat to human seafood consumers. Therefore, comprehensive research strategies are critically important for developing effective monitoring and risk assessments of this emerging threat in the Indian Ocean. This review presents the available literature on ciguatera occurrence in the region and its adjacent marginal waters: aiming to identify the data gaps and vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazima Habibi
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait;
| | - Saif Uddin
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait;
| | | | - Mohd Faizuddin
- Gulf Geoinformation Solutions, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates;
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13
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Gémin MP, Bertrand S, Séchet V, Amzil Z, Réveillon D. Combined effects of temperature and light intensity on growth, metabolome and ovatoxin content of a Mediterranean Ostreopsis cf. ovata strain. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 106:102060. [PMID: 34154782 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ostreopsis cf. ovata is a benthic and ovatoxin-producing dinoflagellate proliferating yearly along the Mediterranean coasts where blooms have been related to human illness and unusual mortality of marine organisms. The spreading of O. cf. ovata in this temperate area has been linked to global changes and its consequences such as the increase of temperature or light intensities. In the present study, an experimental design using batch cultures of pre-acclimated cells of a strain of O. cf. ovata isolated from Villefranche-sur-Mer (NW Mediterranean Sea, France), was implemented to investigate the combined effect of temperature (23, 27 and 30 °C) and light intensity (200, 400 and 600 µmol m-2s-1) on the growth, metabolome and OVTX content. Both light intensity and temperature affected the growth as significantly higher growth rates were obtained under 400 and 600 µmol m-2s-1 while the maximum values were obtained at 27 °C (0.48 d-1). Metabolomic analyses highlighted a clear effect only for temperature that may correspond to two different strategies of acclimation to suboptimal temperatures. Significant features (such as carotenoid and lipids) modified by the temperature and/or light conditions were annotated. Only temperature induced a significant change of OVTX content with higher values measured at the lowest temperature of 23 °C (29 - 36 pg cell-1). In a context of global changes, these results obtained after acclimation suggest that the increase of temperature might favor the proliferation of less toxic cells. However, in the light of the intraspecific variability of O. cf. ovata, further studies will be necessary to test this hypothesis. This study also highlighted the lack of knowledge about the metabolome composition of such non-model organisms that impairs data interpretation. There is a need to study more deeply the metabolome of toxic dinoflagellates to better understand how they can acclimate to a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Bertrand
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Nantes, EA 2160-Mer Molécules Santé, F-44035 Nantes, France; ThalassOMICS Metabolomics Facility, Plateforme Corsaire, Biogenouest, 44035 Nantes, France.
| | - Véronique Séchet
- IFREMER, DYNECO, Phycotoxins Laboratory, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Zouher Amzil
- IFREMER, DYNECO, Phycotoxins Laboratory, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Damien Réveillon
- IFREMER, DYNECO, Phycotoxins Laboratory, F-44000 Nantes, France.
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14
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Chomérat N, Bilien G, Viallon J, Hervé F, Réveillon D, Henry K, Zubia M, Vieira C, Ung A, Gatti CMI, Roué M, Derrien A, Amzil Z, Darius HT, Chinain M. Taxonomy and toxicity of a bloom-forming Ostreopsis species (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales) in Tahiti island (South Pacific Ocean): one step further towards resolving the identity of O. siamensis. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 98:101888. [PMID: 33129466 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among dinoflagellates responsible for benthic harmful algal blooms, the genus Ostreopsis primarily described from tropical areas has been increasingly reported from subtropical and temperate areas worldwide. Several species of this toxigenic genus produce analogs of palytoxin, thus representing a major threat to human and environmental health. The taxonomy of several species needs to be clarified as it was based mostly on morphological descriptions leading in some cases to ambiguous interpretations and misidentifications. The present study aims at reporting a benthic bloom that occurred in April 2019 in Tahiti island, French Polynesia. A complete taxonomic investigation of the blooming Ostreopsis species was realized using light, epifluorescence and field emission electron microscopy and phylogenetic analyses inferred from LSU rDNA and ITS-5.8S rDNA regions. Toxicity of a natural sample and strains isolated from the bloom was assessed using both neuroblastoma cell-based assay and LC-MS/MS analyses. Morphological observations showed that cells were round to oval, large, 58.0-82.5 µm deep (dorso-ventral length) and 45.7-61.2 µm wide. The cingulum was conspicuously undulated, forming a 'V' in ventral view. Thecal plates possessed large pores in depressions, with a collar rim. Detailed observation also revealed the presence of small thecal pores invisible in LM. Phylogenetic analyses were congruent and all sequences clustered within the genotype Ostreopsis sp. 6, in a subclade closely related to sequences from the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia. No toxicity was found on the field sample but all the strains isolated from the bloom were found to be cytotoxic and produced ostreocin D, a lower amount of ostreocins A and B and putatively other compounds. Phylogenetic data demonstrate the presence of this species in the Gulf of Thailand, at the type locality of O. siamensis, and morphological data are congruent with the original description and support this identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chomérat
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station of Marine Biology of Concarneau, Place de la Croix, F-29900 Concarneau, France.
| | - Gwenael Bilien
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station of Marine Biology of Concarneau, Place de la Croix, F-29900 Concarneau, France
| | - Jérôme Viallon
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratoire des Micro-algues toxiques, UMR 241-EIO, PO box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Fabienne Hervé
- Ifremer, Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Damien Réveillon
- Ifremer, Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Kévin Henry
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratoire des Micro-algues toxiques, UMR 241-EIO, PO box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Mayalen Zubia
- Université de Polynésie Française, UMR 241-EIO, PO Box 6570, 98702 Faa'a, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Christophe Vieira
- Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Rokkodai, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - André Ung
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratoire des Micro-algues toxiques, UMR 241-EIO, PO box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratoire des Micro-algues toxiques, UMR 241-EIO, PO box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Mélanie Roué
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 241-EIO, PO box 529, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Amélie Derrien
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station of Marine Biology of Concarneau, Place de la Croix, F-29900 Concarneau, France
| | - Zouher Amzil
- Ifremer, Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Hélène Taiana Darius
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratoire des Micro-algues toxiques, UMR 241-EIO, PO box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Mireille Chinain
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratoire des Micro-algues toxiques, UMR 241-EIO, PO box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
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15
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Effects of substratum and depth on benthic harmful dinoflagellate assemblages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11251. [PMID: 32647125 PMCID: PMC7347539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microhabitats influence the distribution and abundance of benthic harmful dinoflagellate (BHAB) species. Currently, much of the information on the relationships between BHABs and microhabitat preferences is based on non-quantitative anecdotal observations, many of which are contradictory. The goal of this study was to better quantify BHAB and microhabitat relationships using a statistically rigorous approach. Between April 2016 to May 2017, a total of 243 artificial substrate samplers were deployed at five locations in the Perhentian Islands, Malaysia while simultaneous photo-quadrat surveys were performed to characterize the benthic substrates present at each sampling site. The screen samplers were retrieved 24 h later and the abundances of five BHAB genera, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, Coolia, Amphidinium, and Prorocentrum were determined. Substrate data were then analyzed using a Bray–Curtis dissimilarity matrix to statistically identify distinct microhabitat types. Although BHABs were associated with a variety of biotic and abiotic substrates, the results of this study demonstrated differing degrees of microhabitat preference. Analysis of the survey results using canonical correspondence analysis explained 70.5% (horizontal first axis) and 21.6% (vertical second axis) of the constrained variation in the distribution of various genera among microhabitat types. Prorocentrum and Coolia appear to have the greatest range being broadly distributed among a wide variety of microhabitats. Amphidinium was always found in low abundances and was widely distributed among microhabitats dominated by hard coral, turf algae, sand and silt, and fleshy algae and reached the highest abundances there. Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis had more restricted distributions. Gambierdiscus were found preferentially associated with turf algae, hard coral and, to a lesser extent, fleshy macroalgae microhabitats. Ostreopsis, almost always more abundant than Gambierdiscus, preferred the same microhabitats as Gambierdiscus and were found in microbial mats as well. With similar habitat preferences Ostreopsis may serve as an indicator organism for the presence of Gambierdiscus. This study provides insight into how BHAB-specific microhabitat preferences can affect toxicity risks.
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16
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Pavaux AS, Ternon E, Dufour L, Marro S, Gémin MP, Thomas OP, Lemée R. Efficient, fast and inexpensive bioassay to monitor benthic microalgae toxicity: Application to Ostreopsis species. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 223:105485. [PMID: 32353662 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Even though HPLC-MS is commonly used to quantify the toxin content of Ostreopsis spp. cells, there is a need to develop easy-to-use toxicological tests to set thresholds during Ostreopsis spp. blooms. The crustacean Artemia has been widely used to evaluate the presence and toxicity of chemicals and biological contaminants and we anticipated that it could also be useful to test Ostreopsis spp. toxicity. Its relevance was first assessed by investigating the variability of the toxic effects among Ostreopsis spp. strains and throughout the dinoflagellate life cycle in combination with chemical analyses of the toxinic content by UHPLC-HRMS. After testing the toxicity of fractions prepared from Ostreopsis spp. cells, the known ova- and paly-toxins were not the only toxic metabolites to Artemia franciscana, indicating that other toxic compounds synthesized by Ostreopsis spp. still remain to be identified. To extend the bioassay to in situ monitoring, the toxicity of the benthic microalgal consortium was tested during a natural bloom of Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the NW Mediterranean Sea. The results highlight the accuracy and sensitivity of the ecotoxicological assay with Artemia franciscana to assess the toxicity of Ostreopsis spp. blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Pavaux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Eva Ternon
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, OCA, IRD, Géoazur, 250 rue Albert Einstein, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Louison Dufour
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sophie Marro
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Marin-Pierre Gémin
- IFREMER - Laboratoire Phycotoxines (PHYC), Rue de l'Île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F- 44311, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier P Thomas
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rodolphe Lemée
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
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17
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Neves RAF, Pardal MA, Nascimento SM, Oliveira PJ, Rodrigues ET. Screening-level evaluation of marine benthic dinoflagellates toxicity using mammalian cell lines. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 195:110465. [PMID: 32199217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Complementary studies at different levels of the biological organization are fundamental to fully link environmental exposure to marine benthic dinoflagellate toxins and their effects. In order to contribute to this transdisciplinary evaluation, and for the first time, the present study aims to study the effects of Gambierdiscus excentricus, Ostreopsis cf. ovata, Prorocentrum hoffmannianum and Prorocentrum lima extracts on seven functionally different mammalian cell lines: HEK 293, HepG2, HNDF, H9c2(2-1), MC3T3-E1, Raw 264.7 and SH-SY5Y. All the cell lines presented cell mass decrease in a concentration-dependence of dinoflagellate extracts, exhibiting marked differences in cell toxicity. Gambierdiscus excentricus presented the highest effect, at very low concentrations with EC50,24h (i.e., the concentration that gives half-maximal response after a 24-h exposure) between 1.3 and 13 cells mL-1, followed by O. cf. ovata (EC50,24h between 3.3 and 40 cells mL-1), and Prorocentrum species (P. lima: EC50,24h between 191 and 1027 cells mL-1 and P. hoffmannianum: EC50,24h between 152 and 783 cells mL-1). Cellular specificities were also detected and rat cardiomyoblast H9c2(2-1) cells were in general the most sensitive to dinoflagellate toxic compounds, suggesting that this cell line is an animal-free potential model for dinoflagellate toxin testing. Finally, the sensitivity of cells expressing distinct phenotypes to each dinoflagellate extract exhibited low relation to human poisoning symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A F Neves
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av Pasteur 458-314B, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Miguel A Pardal
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Silvia M Nascimento
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av Pasteur 458-314B, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197, Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Elsa T Rodrigues
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
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18
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Accoroni S, Totti C, Romagnoli T, Giulietti S, Glibert PM. Distribution and potential toxicity of benthic harmful dinoflagellates in waters of Florida Bay and the Florida Keys. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 155:104891. [PMID: 32072980 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have been carried out on benthic dinoflagellates along the Florida Keys, and little is known about their distribution or toxicity in Florida Bay. Here, the distribution and abundance of benthic dinoflagellates was explored in northern and eastern Florida Bay and along the bay and ocean sides of the Florida Keys. Isolates were brought into culture and their toxicity was tested with oyster larvae bioassays. Seven genera were detected, including Prorocentrum, Coolia, Ostreopsis, Amphidinium, Gambierdiscus, Fukuyoa (all included potentially toxic species) and Sinophysis. In general, distribution increased with water temperature and nutrient availability, especially that of phosphate. This study documented the first record of Coolia santacroce in the Florida Keys. Potential toxic effects of Gambierdiscus caribaeus, the abundance of which exceeded 1000 cells g-1 fw at some sites, were established using oyster larvae as a bioassay organism. These findings suggest a potential risk of ciguatera fish poisoning in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Giulietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patricia M Glibert
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, MD, 21613, USA
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Gémin MP, Réveillon D, Hervé F, Pavaux AS, Tharaud M, Séchet V, Bertrand S, Lemée R, Amzil Z. Toxin content of Ostreopsis cf. ovata depends on bloom phases, depth and macroalgal substrate in the NW Mediterranean Sea. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 92:101727. [PMID: 32113596 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the last fifteen years, blooms of the genus Ostreopsis have been reported more frequently and at higher abundances in the Mediterranean area. Ostreopsis cf. ovata is known to produce ovatoxins (OVTXs), structural analogues of palytoxin, which is one of the most potent non-polymeric toxins. However, the production of OVTXs is poorly characterized in situ. The present study focuses on toxin content and profile according to the bloom phase during summer 2017 in Villefranche-sur-Mer, France (NW Mediterranean Sea), depth (from 0.5 to 5 m) and three different macroalgal substrates of this epiphytic dinoflagellate (Padina pavonica, Dictyota spp. and Halopteris scoparia). Ovatoxin quantification of all samples was performed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The bloom started at the end of June and declined in mid-July, showing the typical seasonal pattern of the NW Mediterranean Sea area. The peak was observed on the 10 July with 1.8 × 106 cells/g FW and 1.7 × 104 cells/L for benthic and planktonic cells, respectively. Total toxin content of cells, collected using artificial substrates, increased during the exponential and stationary growth phases. After reaching a maximum concentration of 9.2 pg/cell on 18 July, toxin concentration decreased and remained stable from 25 July until the end of monitoring. A decreasing trend of the abundance and of the associated total toxin content was noted with depth. Finally, the decreasing order of maximal epiphytic concentration of O. cf. ovata was: Dictyota spp. (8.3 × 105 cells/g FW), H. scoparia (3.1 × 105 cells/g FW) and P. pavonica (1.6 × 105 cells/g FW). Interestingly, the highest OVTX quota was obtained in cells present on Halopteris scoparia, then on Dictyota spp. and Padina pavonica. This suggests that the nature of the macroalgal substrate influences both growth and toxin production of O. cf. ovata and further work will be required to understand the underlying mechanisms (e.g., competition for nutrition, pH or allelopathic interaction). However, the toxin profiles (i.e., the proportion of each ovatoxin analogue) were not affected by any of the studied parameters (bloom phase, depth, macroalgae or artificial substrates).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabienne Hervé
- IFREMER - Phycotoxins Laboratory, F- 44311 Nantes 03, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Pavaux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, UMR 7093, BP 28, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Maxime Tharaud
- IFREMER - Phycotoxins Laboratory, F- 44311 Nantes 03, France
| | | | - Samuel Bertrand
- Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes, Nantes-cedex 1 44035, France
| | - Rodolphe Lemée
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, UMR 7093, BP 28, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Zouher Amzil
- IFREMER - Phycotoxins Laboratory, F- 44311 Nantes 03, France
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Ben Gharbia H, Laabir M, Ben Mhamed A, Gueroun SKM, Daly Yahia MN, Nouri H, M'Rabet C, Shili A, Kéfi-Daly Yahia O. Occurrence of epibenthic dinoflagellates in relation to biotic substrates and to environmental factors in Southern Mediterranean (Bizerte Bay and Lagoon, Tunisia): An emphasis on the harmful Ostreopsis spp., Prorocentrum lima and Coolia monotis. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 90:101704. [PMID: 31806162 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Harmful events associated with epibenthic dinoflagellates, have been reported more frequently over the last decades. Occurrence of potentially toxic benthic dinoflagellates, on the leaves of two magnoliophytes (Cymodocea nodosa and Zostera noltei) and thalli of the macroalgae (Ulva rigida), was monitored over one year (From May 2015 to April 2016) in the Bizerte Bay and Lagoon (North of Tunisia, Southern Mediterranean Sea). The investigated lagoon is known to be highly anthropized. This is the first report on the seasonal distribution of epibenthic dinoflagellates hosted by natural substrates, from two contrasted, adjacent coastal Mediterranean ecosystems. The environmental factors promoting the development of the harmful epibenthic dinoflagellates Ostreopsis spp., Prorocentrum lima and Coolia monotis were investigated. The highest cell densities were reached by Ostreopsis spp. (1.9 × 103 cells g-1 FW, in October 2015), P. lima (1.6 × 103 cells g-1 FW, in June 2015) and C. monotis (1.1 × 103 cells g-1 FW, in May 2015). C. nodosa and Z. noltei were the most favorable host macrophytes for C. monotis (in station L2) and Ostreopsis spp. (in station L3), respectively. Positive correlations were recorded between Ostreopsis spp. and temperature. Densities of the epibenthic dinoflagellates varied according to the collection site, and a great disparity was observed between the Bay and the Lagoon. Maximum concentrations were recorded on C. nodosa leaves from the Bizerte Bay, while low epiphytic cell abundances were associated with macrophytes sampled from the Bizerte Lagoon. The observed differences in dinoflagellate abundances between the two ecosystems (Bay-Lagoon) seemed not related to the nutrients, but rather to the poor environmental conditions in the lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Ben Gharbia
- Research Group on Oceanography and Plankton Ecology, Tunisian National Institute of Agronomy (INAT), 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, IRESA- Carthage University, LR18ES41 (Tunis El Manar University), Tunis, 1082, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Laabir
- Center for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier University, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, F-34095, France
| | - Abdelouahed Ben Mhamed
- National Institute for Fisheries Research, Central laboratories, Bd Sidi Abderrahmane Ain Diab 2, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sonia Khadija Maïté Gueroun
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Aquatic Systems Biodiversity and Functioning, 7021 Zarzouna, Carthage University, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Néjib Daly Yahia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Habiba Nouri
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 2 Rue Des Sports-El Menzah 1, BP 434, Tunis, 1004, Tunisia
| | - Charaf M'Rabet
- Research Group on Oceanography and Plankton Ecology, Tunisian National Institute of Agronomy (INAT), 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, IRESA- Carthage University, LR18ES41 (Tunis El Manar University), Tunis, 1082, Tunisia
| | - Abdessalem Shili
- Tunisian National Institute of Agronomy (INAT), 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, IRESA-Carthage University, Tunis, 1082, Tunisia
| | - Ons Kéfi-Daly Yahia
- Research Group on Oceanography and Plankton Ecology, Tunisian National Institute of Agronomy (INAT), 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, IRESA- Carthage University, LR18ES41 (Tunis El Manar University), Tunis, 1082, Tunisia
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Tibiriçá CEJA, Leite IP, Batista TVV, Fernandes LF, Chomérat N, Herve F, Hess P, Mafra LL. Ostreopsis cf. ovata Bloom in Currais, Brazil: Phylogeny, Toxin Profile and Contamination of Mussels and Marine Plastic Litter. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E446. [PMID: 31357621 PMCID: PMC6723160 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ostreopsis cf. ovata is a toxic marine benthic dinoflagellate responsible for harmful blooms affecting ecosystem and human health, mostly in the Mediterranean Sea. In this study we report the occurrence of a summer O. cf. ovata bloom in Currais, a coastal archipelago located on the subtropical Brazilian coast (~25° S). This bloom was very similar to Mediterranean episodes in many aspects: (a) field-sampled and cultivated O. cf. ovata cells aligned phylogenetically (ITS and LSU regions) along with Mediterranean strains; (b) the bloom occurred at increasing temperature and irradiance, and decreasing wind speed; (c) cell densities reached up to 8.0 × 104 cell cm-2 on fiberglass screen and 5.6 × 105 cell g-1 fresh weight on seaweeds; (d) and toxin profiles were composed mostly of ovatoxin-a (58%) and ovatoxin-b (32%), up to 35.5 pg PLTX-eq. cell-1 in total. Mussels were contaminated during the bloom with unsafe toxin levels (up to 131 µg PLTX-eq. kg-1). Ostreopsis cells attached to different plastic litter, indicating an alternate route for toxin transfer to marine fauna via ingestion of biofilm-coated plastic debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo J A Tibiriçá
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR 83255-976, Brazil.
| | - Isabel P Leite
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR 83255-976, Brazil
| | - Talita V V Batista
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR 83255-976, Brazil
| | - Luciano F Fernandes
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Chomérat
- LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, IFREMER, Place de la Croix, F-29900 Concarneau, France
| | - Fabienne Herve
- Laboratoire Phycotoxines, IFREMER, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France
| | - Philipp Hess
- Laboratoire Phycotoxines, IFREMER, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France.
| | - Luiz L Mafra
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR 83255-976, Brazil.
- Laboratoire Phycotoxines, IFREMER, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France.
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Massive Occurrence of the Harmful Benthic Dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the Eastern Adriatic Sea. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050300. [PMID: 31130661 PMCID: PMC6563282 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In September 2015, a massive occurrence of the Ostreopsis species was recorded in central Adriatic Kaštela Bay. In order to taxonomically identify the Ostreopsis species responsible for this event and determine their toxin profile, cells collected in seawater and from benthic macroalgae were analyzed. Conservative taxonomic methods (light microscopy and SEM) and molecular methods (PCR-based assay) allowed the identification of the species Ostreopsis cf. ovata associated with Coolia monotis. The abundance of O. cf. ovata reached 2.9 × 104 cells L−1 in seawater, while on macroalgae, it was estimated to be up to 2.67 × 106 cells g−1 of macroalgae fresh weight and 14.4 × 106 cells g−1 of macroalgae dry weight. An indirect sandwich immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) were used to determine the toxin profile. The ELISA assay revealed the presence of 5.6 pg palytoxin (PLTX) equivalents per O. cf. ovata cell. LC-HRMS was used for further characterization of the toxin profile, which showed that there were 6.3 pg of the sum of ovatoxins (OVTXs) and isobaric PLTX per O. cf. ovata cell, with a prevalence of OVTXs (6.2 pg cell−1), while the isobaric PLTX concentration was very low (0.1 pg cell−1). Among OVTXs, the highest concentration was recorded for OVTX-a (3.6 pg cell−1), followed by OVTX-b (1.3 pg cell−1), OVTX-d (1.1 pg cell−1), and OVTX-c (0.2 pg cell−1).
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Roselli L, Vadrucci MR, Fanelli F, Ungaro N, Caroppo C. First bloom event of the small dinoflagellate Prorocentrum shikokuense in the Mediterranean Sea: cryptogenic or introduced? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 139:197-204. [PMID: 30686419 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A bloom of putatively non-indigenous species (NIS) Prorocentrum shikokuense was detected for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea at the Brindisi harbor (Southern Adriatic Sea) on September 2016, in the context of EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive monitoring in the ports. This species is usually observed in the East China Sea and Japanese and Korean waters. In the Brindisi harbor this dinoflagellate reached the concentration 105 cell/L and represented from 30 to 50% of the total phytoplankton population. Besides this event, Prorocentrum shikokuense has not been found blooming until today in Mediterranean waters. This study suggests the necessity to improve the monitoring surveys in areas that are known vulnerable systems to alien and invasive species, such as ports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonilde Roselli
- Regional Agency for the Environmental Prevention and Protection (ARPA Puglia), Corso Trieste 27, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Vadrucci
- Regional Agency for the Environmental Prevention and Protection (ARPA Puglia), Corso Trieste 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- Regional Agency for the Environmental Prevention and Protection (ARPA Puglia), Corso Trieste 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Ungaro
- Regional Agency for the Environmental Prevention and Protection (ARPA Puglia), Corso Trieste 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmela Caroppo
- CNR-IRSA National Research Council-Water Research Institute, Unit of Taranto Via Roma, 3, 74121 Taranto, Italy
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Casabianca S, Capellacci S, Giacobbe MG, Dell'Aversano C, Tartaglione L, Varriale F, Narizzano R, Risso F, Moretto P, Dagnino A, Bertolotto R, Barbone E, Ungaro N, Penna A. Plastic-associated harmful microalgal assemblages in marine environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:617-626. [PMID: 30384067 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastic debris carry fouling a variety of class-size organisms, among them harmful microorganisms that potentially play a role in the dispersal of allochthonous species and toxic compounds with ecological impacts on the marine environment and human health. We analyzed samples of marine plastics floating at the sea surface using a molecular qPCR assay to quantify the attached microalgal taxa, in particular, harmful species. Diatoms were the most abundant group of plastic colonizers with maximum abundance of 8.2 × 104 cells cm-2 of plastics, the maximum abundance of dinoflagellates amounted to 1.1 × 103 cells cm-2 of plastics. The most abundant harmful microalgal taxon was the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp., including at least 12 toxic species, and the dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata with 6606 and 259 cells cm-2, respectively. The abundance of other harmful microalgal species including the toxic allochthonous dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum ranged from 1 to 73 cells cm-2. In the present study, a direct relationship between the abundance of harmful algal species colonizing the plastic substrates and their toxin production was found. The levels of potential toxins on plastic samples ranged from 101 to 102 ng cm-2, considering the various toxin families produced by the colonized harmful microalgal species. We also measured the rate of adhesion by several target microalgal species. It ranged from 1.8 to 0.3 day-1 demonstrating the capacity of plastic substrate colonizing rapidly by microalgae. The present study reports the first estimates of molecular quantification of microorganisms including toxin producing species that can colonize plastics. Such findings provide important insights for improving the monitoring practice of plastics and illustrate how the epi-plastic community can exacerbate the harmful effects of plastics by dispersal, acting as an alien and toxic species carrier and potentially being ingested through the marine trophic web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Casabianca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61121, Pesaro, Italy; CONISMA, Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare, 00184, Roma, Italy
| | - Samuela Capellacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61121, Pesaro, Italy; CONISMA, Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare, 00184, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Giacobbe
- IRBIM CNR, Istituto per le Risorse Biologiche e le Biotecnologie Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131, Napoli, Italy; CONISMA, Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare, 00184, Roma, Italy
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131, Napoli, Italy; CONISMA, Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare, 00184, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Varriale
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Riccardo Narizzano
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente Ligure (ARPAL), Genova, Italy
| | - Fulvia Risso
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente Ligure (ARPAL), Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Moretto
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente Ligure (ARPAL), Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dagnino
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente Ligure (ARPAL), Genova, Italy
| | - Rosella Bertolotto
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente Ligure (ARPAL), Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Barbone
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente Puglia (ARPA Puglia), Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Ungaro
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente Puglia (ARPA Puglia), Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Penna
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61121, Pesaro, Italy; CONISMA, Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare, 00184, Roma, Italy; IRBIM CNR, Istituto per le Risorse Biologiche e le Biotecnologie Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Ancona, Italy.
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Cao R, Wang D, Wei Q, Wang Q, Yang D, Liu H, Dong Z, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Zhao J. Integrative Biomarker Assessment of the Influence of Saxitoxin on Marine Bivalves: A Comparative Study of the Two Bivalve Species Oysters, Crassostrea gigas, and Scallops, Chlamys farreri. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1173. [PMID: 30246779 PMCID: PMC6110902 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful algae blooms have expanded greatly in recent decades, and their secreted toxins pose a severe threat to human health and marine ecosystems. Saxitoxin (STX) is a main paralytic shellfish poison naturally produced by marine microalgae of the genus Alexandrium. Despite numerous studies have assessed the impacts of STX on marine bivalves, comparative in vivo study on the toxicity of STX on bivalves with distinct accumulation ability (such as oysters and scallops) has been seldom investigated. The aim of this study was to identify whether distinct sensitivity exists between oysters, Crassostrea gigas, and scallops, Chlamys farreri under the same amount of STX exposure using multiple biomarker responses. The responses of different biochemical markers including oxidative stress markers (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and lipid peroxidation) and immunotoxicity biomarkers (hemocyte phagocytosis rate, reactive oxidative species production, and DNA damages) were evaluated in bivalves after 12, 48, and 96 h of exposure to STX. The integrated biomarker responses value combined with two-way ANOVA analysis suggested that STX posed slightly severer stress on scallops than oysters for the extended period of time. This study provided preliminary results on the usefulness of a multi-biomarker approach to assess the toxicity associated with STX exposure in marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Cao
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Qianyu Wei
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Zhijun Dong
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
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Guidi F, Pezzolesi L, Vanucci S. Microbial dynamics during harmful dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata growth: Bacterial succession and viral abundance pattern. Microbiologyopen 2018; 7:e00584. [PMID: 29484854 PMCID: PMC6079179 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Algal-bacterial interactions play a major role in shaping diversity of algal associated bacterial communities. Temporal variation in bacterial phylogenetic composition reflects changes of these complex interactions which occur during the algal growth cycle as well as throughout the lifetime of algal blooms. Viruses are also known to cause shifts in bacterial community diversity which could affect algal bloom phases. This study investigated on changes of bacterial and viral abundances, bacterial physiological status, and on bacterial successional pattern associated with the harmful benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata in batch cultures over the algal growth cycle. Bacterial community phylogenetic structure was assessed by 16S rRNA gene ION torrent sequencing. A comparison between bacterial community retrieved in cultures and that one co-occurring in situ during the development of the O. cf. ovata bloom from where the algal strain was isolated was also reported. Bacterial community growth was characterized by a biphasic pattern with the highest contributions (~60%) of highly active bacteria found at the two bacterial exponential growth steps. An alphaproteobacterial consortium composed by the Rhodobacteraceae Dinoroseobacter (22.2%-35.4%) and Roseovarius (5.7%-18.3%), together with Oceanicaulis (14.2-40.3%), was strongly associated with O. cf. ovata over the algal growth. The Rhodobacteraceae members encompassed phylotypes with an assessed mutualistic-pathogenic bimodal behavior. Fabibacter (0.7%-25.2%), Labrenzia (5.6%-24.3%), and Dietzia (0.04%-1.7%) were relevant at the stationary phase. Overall, the successional pattern and the metabolic and functional traits of the bacterial community retrieved in culture mirror those ones underpinning O. cf. ovata bloom dynamics in field. Viral abundances increased synoptically with bacterial abundances during the first bacterial exponential growth step while being stationary during the second step. Microbial trends also suggest that viruses induced some shifts in bacterial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Guidi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA)University of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Laura Pezzolesi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA)University of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Silvana Vanucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm)University of MessinaMessinaItaly
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Hachani MA, Dhib A, Fathalli A, Ziadi B, Turki S, Aleya L. Harmful epiphytic dinoflagellate assemblages on macrophytes in the Gulf of Tunis. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 77:29-42. [PMID: 30005800 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The spatio-temporal distribution of epiphytic and planktonic microalgae coupled with environmental factors was investigated for a one-year period in the Gulf of Tunis (northeastern Tunisia). Harmful microalgae assemblages were dominated by three toxic epiphytic dinoflagellates: Ostreopsis sp., Prorocentrum lima and Coolia monotis. They were observed, both on macrophytes (1.03 × 105 cells g-1 FW ; 1.3 × 104 cells g-1 FW and 865 cells g-1 FW, respectively) and in the water column (2.35 × 104 cells L-1; 3.72 × 103 cells L-1; 1.04 × 103 cells L-1, respectively). Species abundances decreased with depth and maximum concentrations were found in shallow waters (0.5-1 m). The highest species abundance was registered both on macroalgae and seagrass with no special preference observed for either of these substrates. Redundancy analyses (RDA) show significant changes in these species abundances according to sites and seasons. The proliferation of Ostreopsis sp. is widespread in summer, when water temperature is warm, and especially in bay zones. The occurrence of P. lima and C. monotis blooms was mainly correlated to nutrients. In this study, macrophyte beds in the Gulf of Tunis were a reservoir of potentially toxic species that could pose a real threat, both to ecosystems and to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amine Hachani
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Centre la Goulette, Tunisie et la Faculté desSciencesde Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, University of Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Amel Dhib
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Centre la Goulette, Tunisie et la Faculté desSciencesde Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, University of Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Afef Fathalli
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Centre la Goulette, Tunisie et la Faculté desSciencesde Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Boutheina Ziadi
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Centre la Goulette, Tunisie et la Faculté desSciencesde Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souad Turki
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Centre la Goulette, Tunisie et la Faculté desSciencesde Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, University of Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France.
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Poli M, Ruiz-Olvera P, Nalca A, Ruiz S, Livingston V, Frick O, Dyer D, Schellhase C, Raymond J, Kulis D, Anderson D, McGrath S, Deeds J. Toxicity and pathophysiology of palytoxin congeners after intraperitoneal and aerosol administration in rats. Toxicon 2018; 150:235-250. [PMID: 29902540 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Preparations of palytoxin (PLTX, derived from Japanese Palythoa tuberculosa) and the congeners 42-OH-PLTX (from Hawaiian P. toxica) and ovatoxin-a (isolated from a Japanese strain of Ostreopsis ovata), as well as a 50:50 mixture of PLTX and 42-OH-PLTX derived from Hawaiian P. tuberculosa were characterized as to their concentration, composition, in-vitro potency and interaction with an anti-PLTX monoclonal antibody (mAb), after which they were evaluated for lethality and tissue histopathology after intraperitoneal (IP) and aerosol administration to rats. Once each preparation was characterized as to its toxin composition by LC-HRMS and normalized to a total PLTX/OVTX concentration using HPLC-UV, all four preparations showed similar potency towards mouse erythrocytes in the erythrocyte hemolysis assay and interactions with the anti-PLTX mAb. The IP LD50 values derived from these experiments (0.92, 1.93, 1.81 and 3.26 μg/kg, for the 50:50 mix, 42-OH-PLTX, PLTX, and ovatoxin-a, respectively) were consistent with published values, although some differences from the published literature were seen. The aerosol LD50 values (0.063, 0.045, 0.041, and 0.031 μg/kg for the 50:50 mix, 42-OH PLTX, PLTX, and ovatoxin-a, respectively) confirmed the exquisite potency of PLTX suggested by the literature. The tissue histopathology of the different toxin preparations by IP and aerosol administration were similar, albeit with some differences. Most commonly affected tissues were the lungs, liver, heart, salivary glands, and adrenal glands. Despite some differences, these results suggest commonalities in potency and mechanism of action among these PLTX congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Poli
- Diagnostic Systems Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States.
| | - Patricia Ruiz-Olvera
- Diagnostic Systems Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Aysegul Nalca
- Aerobiology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Sara Ruiz
- Aerobiology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Virginia Livingston
- Aerobiology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Ondraya Frick
- Aerobiology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - David Dyer
- Aerobiology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Christopher Schellhase
- Pathology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Jolynne Raymond
- Pathology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - David Kulis
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Donald Anderson
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Sara McGrath
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan Deeds
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
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Abadie E, Chiantella C, Crottier A, Rhodes L, Masseret E, Berteaux T, Laabir M. What are the main environmental factors driving the development of the neurotoxic dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum in a Mediterranean ecosystem (Ingril lagoon, France)? HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 75:75-86. [PMID: 29778227 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vulcanodinium rugosum, a dinoflagellate developing in Ingril Lagoon (Mediterranean, France) is responsible for shellfish intoxications due to the neurotoxin pinnatoxin G. A one year survey (March 2012-April 2013) was conducted in this oligotrophic shallow lagoon and key environmental parameters were recorded (temperature, salinity and nutrients). The spatio-temporal distribution of V. rugosum in water column and on macrophytes was also determined. Planktonic cells of V. rugosum were observed at all sampling stations, but in relatively low concentrations (maximum of 1000 cell/L). The highest abundances were observed from June to September 2012. There was a positive correlation between cell densities and both temperature and salinity. Non-motile cells were detected on macrophytes, with a maximum concentration of 6300 cells/g wet weight. Nitrite and ammonium were negatively related to V. rugosum abundance whereas total nitrogen, total phosphorus and phosphates showed a positive correlation. Altogether, in situ results suggest that V. rugosum is rather thermophilic and that organic nutrients should be considered when studying the nutrition requirements for this noxious expanding dinoflagellate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Abadie
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources du Languedoc-Roussillon, Centre for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CS30171, Sete Cedex 03, France.
| | - Claude Chiantella
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources du Languedoc-Roussillon, Centre for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CS30171, Sete Cedex 03, France
| | - Anaïs Crottier
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources du Languedoc-Roussillon, Centre for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CS30171, Sete Cedex 03, France
| | - Lesley Rhodes
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | - Estelle Masseret
- Université de Montpellier, Center for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, CC93, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Tom Berteaux
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources du Languedoc-Roussillon, Centre for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CS30171, Sete Cedex 03, France
| | - Mohamed Laabir
- Université de Montpellier, Center for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, CC93, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Couet D, Pringault O, Bancon-Montigny C, Briant N, Elbaz Poulichet F, Delpoux S, Kefi-Daly Yahia O, Hela B, Charaf M, Hervé F, Rovillon G, Amzil Z, Laabir M. Effects of copper and butyltin compounds on the growth, photosynthetic activity and toxin production of two HAB dinoflagellates: The planktonic Alexandrium catenella and the benthic Ostreopsis cf. ovata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 196:154-167. [PMID: 29407801 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Controlled laboratory experiments were conducted to test the effects of copper (Cu2+) and butyltins (BuT) on the growth, photosynthetic activity and toxin content of two HABs (Harmful Algal Blooms) dinoflagellates, the planktonic Alexandrium catenella and the benthic Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Microalgae were exposed to increasing concentrations of Cu2+ (10-4 to 31 nM) or BuT (0.084 to 84 nM) for seven days. When considering the growth, EC50 values were 0.16 (±0.09) nM and 0.03 (±0.02) nM of Cu2+ for A. catenella and O. cf. ovata, respectively. Regarding BuT, EC50 was 14.2 (±6) nM for O. cf. ovata, while A. catenella growth inhibition appeared at BuT concentrations ≥27 nM. Photosynthetic activity of the studied dinoflagellates decreased with increasing Cu and BuT concentrations. For O. cf. ovata, the response of this physiological parameter to contamination was less sensitive than the biomass. Cu exposure induced the formation of temporary cysts in both organisms that could resist adverse conditions. The ovatoxin-a and -b concentrations in O. cf. ovata cells increased significantly in the presence of Cu. Altogether, the results suggest a better tolerance of the planktonic A. catenella to Cu and BuT. This could result in a differentiated selection pressure exerted by these metals on phytoplankton species in highly polluted waters. The over-production of toxins in response to Cu stress could pose supplementary health and socio-economic threats in the contaminated marine ecosystems where HABs develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Couet
- Center for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC): IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France; Research Group on Oceanography and Plankton Ecology, Tunisian National Institute of Agronomy (INAT), IRESA-Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Olivier Pringault
- Center for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC): IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nicolas Briant
- IFREMER- Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, Nantes F-44311, France
| | | | - Sophie Delpoux
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ons Kefi-Daly Yahia
- Research Group on Oceanography and Plankton Ecology, Tunisian National Institute of Agronomy (INAT), IRESA-Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - BenGharbia Hela
- Research Group on Oceanography and Plankton Ecology, Tunisian National Institute of Agronomy (INAT), IRESA-Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - M'Rabet Charaf
- Research Group on Oceanography and Plankton Ecology, Tunisian National Institute of Agronomy (INAT), IRESA-Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Fabienne Hervé
- IFREMER- Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, Nantes F-44311, France
| | - Georges Rovillon
- IFREMER- Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, Nantes F-44311, France
| | - Zouher Amzil
- IFREMER- Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, Nantes F-44311, France
| | - Mohamed Laabir
- Center for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC): IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.
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Mendes MCDQ, Nunes JMC, Menezes M, Fraga S, Rodríguez F, Vázquez JA, Blanco J, Franco JM, Riobó P. Toxin production, growth kinetics and molecular characterization of Ostreopsis cf. ovata isolated from Todos os Santos Bay, tropical southwestern Atlantic. Toxicon 2017; 138:18-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Accoroni S, Tartaglione L, Dello Iacovo E, Pichierri S, Marini M, Campanelli A, Dell'Aversano C, Totti C. Influence of environmental factors on the toxin production of Ostreopsis cf. ovata during bloom events. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 123:261-268. [PMID: 28863976 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intense blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis have been a recurrent phenomenon along several Mediterranean coasts. Blooms have been associated with noxious effects on human health and mortality of marine organisms, due to the production of palytoxin-like compounds. We analyzed the toxin concentrations throughout an O. cf. ovata bloom to highlight their relationships with environmental parameters in the Conero Riviera, northern Adriatic Sea. High temperature and balanced nutrient conditions were the optimal environmental conditions to start and sustain blooms as well as to maximize toxin production. Ostreopsis showed a gradual decrease of toxin content throughout the bloom ascribed to the occurring of the same non-optimal conditions that led to the bloom decline. Moreover, our results suggest that toxin fraction released during bloom could be higher than that released in batch culture. Results from this study pointed out that the first bloom phase is potentially the most dangerous to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emma Dello Iacovo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pichierri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Marini
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Campanelli
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Murray SA, Ajani P, Kretzschmar AL, Verma A. Response to "More surprises in the global greenhouse: Human health impacts form recent toxic marine aerosol formulations, due to centennial alterations or world-wide coastal food webs". MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 123:415-417. [PMID: 28595981 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shauna A Murray
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Penelope Ajani
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Anna Liza Kretzschmar
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Arjun Verma
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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Pichierri S, Accoroni S, Pezzolesi L, Guerrini F, Romagnoli T, Pistocchi R, Totti C. Allelopathic effects of diatom filtrates on the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 131:116-122. [PMID: 28965670 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ostreopsis blooms regularly occur in many Mediterranean coastal areas in late summer-autumn. In the northern Adriatic Sea, Ostreopsis blooms affect diatom-dominated microphytobenthic communities. In this study, the effects of the filtrates of some diatom species, both benthic (Tabularia affinis, Proschkinia complanatoides and Navicula sp.) and planktonic (Thalassiosira sp. and Skeletonema marinoi) on cell morphology, cytological features and growth of O. cf. ovata were investigated. Our results showed a marked decrease of O. cf. ovata growth when cells were exposed to all diatom filtrates tested. The highest inhibitions were observed for exposures to P. complanatoides and Navicula sp. filtrates (92.5% and 80%, respectively) and increased with the age of diatom culture. Moreover, a clear DNA degradation and abnormal forms of O. cf. ovata cells (83.8% of the total) were found at the highest concentrations using Navicula sp. filtrate after 10 days of the inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pichierri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Pezzolesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Franca Guerrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
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Accoroni S, Totti C, Razza E, Congestri R, Campanelli A, Marini M, Ellwood NTW. Phosphatase activities of a microepiphytic community during a bloom of Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the northern Adriatic Sea. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 120:272-279. [PMID: 28505508 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming more apparent that increased organic nutrient loads deriving from anthropogenic activities and natural processes frequently cause the eutrophication of coastal waters. Concurrently, an increasing number of phototrophs have been shown to make use of organic nutrients, mainly through indirect studies of surface enzyme activities or through direct studies of growth in media containing organic-only nutrients. The potential utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) by microepiphytic-mats associated with frequently problematic, toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata, was investigated throughout a full cycle of a bloom that occurs annually (over the last few decades) during summer along several stretches of the Mediterranean coast. Measurements of phosphomonoesterase (PMEase) and phosphodiesterase (PDEase) activities of the epiphytic mats (including cells and exopolymeric substances) and a range of chemico-physical parameters were made from late summer to early autumn at a eutrophic site. Analyses of ambient nutrient fractions revealed very high aquatic N:P values (TN:TP = 178 ± 50), very low filterable reactive P (FRP) concentrations (13 out 19 under the limits of detection) and DOP concentrations that were on average 85% of the total dissolved P. We recorded a rapid increase in PMEase and PDEase activities in the epiphytic microalgal community that coincided with the onset of a proliferation of the Ostreopsis population. Chromogenic staining of samples showed that activity was closely associated with the Ostreopsis cells, located both extracellularly (cell surface and within the EPS) and intracellularly (ventral cytoplasm). The increase in both phosphatases indicates that Ostreopsis can utilise a wide range of DOP types. The intense activity in the EPS was suggested to aid in the efficient entrapment and processing of high concentration nutrient pulses, for extracellular processing of larger organic materials and to prevent loss of substrates and products to the surrounding water. Based on the present findings, Ostreopsis seems to have adaptations that allow it to thrive in P-limited environments where organic P is the main source of P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Razza
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Congestri
- Department of Biology University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Cracovia 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Campanelli
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Marini
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125, Ancona, Italy
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Jauzein C, Couet D, Blasco T, Lemée R. Uptake of dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen by the benthic toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 65:9-18. [PMID: 28526122 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors that shape dynamics of benthic toxic blooms are largely unknown. In particular, for the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata, the importance of the availability of nutrients and the contribution of the inorganic and organic pools to growth need to be quantified in marine coastal environments. The present study aimed at characterizing N-uptake of dissolved inorganic and organic sources by O. cf. ovata cells, using the 15N-labelling technique. Experiments were conducted taking into account potential interactions between nutrient uptake systems as well as variations with the diel cycle. Uptake abilities of O. cf. ovata were parameterized for ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-) and N-urea, from the estimation of kinetic and inhibition parameters. In the range of 0 to 10μmolNL-1, kinetic curves showed a clear preference pattern following the ranking NH4+>NO3->N-urea, where the preferential uptake of NH4+ relative to NO3- was accentuated by an inhibitory effect of NH4+ concentration on NO3- uptake capabilities. Conversely, under high nutrient concentrations, the preference for NH4+ relative to NO3- was largely reduced, probably because of the existence of a low-affinity high capacity inducible NO3- uptake system. Ability to take up nutrients in darkness could not be defined as a competitive advantage for O. cf. ovata. Species competitiveness can also be defined from nutrient uptake kinetic parameters. A strong affinity for NH4+ was observed for O. cf. ovata cells that may partly explain the success of this toxic species during the summer season in the Bay of Villefranche-sur-mer (France).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Jauzein
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche sur mer, France; IFREMER, Centre de Brest, DYNECO PELAGOS, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Douglas Couet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche sur mer, France
| | - Thierry Blasco
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche sur mer, France
| | - Rodolphe Lemée
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche sur mer, France
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Abdennadher M, Zouari AB, Sahnoun WF, Alverca E, Penna A, Hamza A. Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the Gulf of Gabès (south-eastern Mediterranean Sea): morphological, molecular and ecological characterization. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 63:56-67. [PMID: 28366400 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, the frequency of the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata proliferation has increased in the Mediterranean Sea. These blooms are associated with harmful effects on human health and the environment. The present work provides the first long term study on the spatio-temporal distribution of O. cf. ovata in relation to physical parameters in the Gulf of Gabès coastal waters (south-eastern Mediterranean Sea), as well as its morphological, molecular and physiological features. The strains of O. cf. ovata were identified morphologically by light and epifluorescence microscopy. The morphology and the size range of cultured strains were similar to those described regarding O. cf. ovata isolated from the Mediterranean Sea. The ultrastructural analysis of O. cf. ovata cells using the transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of numerous vesicles (VE) containing spirally coiled fibers (SCFs) connected to the mucus canal (CH). The phylogenetic tree based on the internal transcribed spacer region containing the 5.8S rDNA (ITS-5.8S rDNA) revealed that O. cf. ovata strains were placed into the Mediterranean/Atlantic clade. In addition, O. cf. ovata toxicity was evaluated by the mouse bioassay and a dose level≥4×104 cells was found to be lethal to mice. The examination of the O. cf. ovata occurrence in the Gulf of Gabès at a large temporal scale (1997-2012) revealed a clear seasonal pattern with dominance from midsummer (July) to late autumn (November). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the abundance of O. cf. ovata and salinity, whereas no correlation was found as regards temperature. The occurrence of O. cf. ovata was only detected at salinity above 35 and the highest concentrations were observed at 45. Laboratory experiments confirmed such a result and showed that isolated O. cf. ovata strains had optimal growth at salinity ranging between 35 and 45, with its peak at 40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moufida Abdennadher
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, BP 1035, 3018 Sfax, Tunisie.
| | - Amel Bellaaj Zouari
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, Fishing Port, 2060 La Goulette, Tunisie.
| | - Wafa Feki Sahnoun
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, BP 1035, 3018 Sfax, Tunisie.
| | - Elsa Alverca
- Environment Reference Laboratory, Portuguese Environment Agency, Rua da Murgueira, 9/9A | Zambujal, 2611-865 Amadora, Portugal.
| | - Antonella Penna
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61121 Pesaro (PU), Italy.
| | - Asma Hamza
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, BP 1035, 3018 Sfax, Tunisie.
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Accoroni S, Romagnoli T, Penna A, Capellacci S, Ciminiello P, Dell'Aversano C, Tartaglione L, Abboud-Abi Saab M, Giussani V, Asnaghi V, Chiantore M, Totti C. Ostreopsis fattorussoi sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new benthic toxic Ostreopsis species from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2016; 52:1064-1084. [PMID: 27633521 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The new benthic toxic dinoflagellate, Ostreopsis fattorussoi sp. nov., is described from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Lebanon and Cyprus coasts, and is supported by morphological and molecular data. The plate formula, Po, 3', 7″, 6c, 7s, 5‴, 2'''', is typical for the Ostreopsis genus. It differs from all other Ostreopsis species in that (i) the curved suture between plates 1' and 3' makes them approximately hexagonal, (ii) the 1' plate lies in the left half of the epitheca and is obliquely orientated leading to a characteristic shape of plate 6″. The round thecal pores are bigger than the other two Mediterranean species (O. cf. ovata and O. cf. siamensis). O. fattorussoi is among the smallest species of the genus (DV: 60.07 ± 5.63 μm, AP: 25.66 ± 2.97 μm, W: 39.81 ± 5.05 μm) along with O. ovata. Phylogenetic analyses based on the LSU and internal transcribed spacer rDNA shows that O. fattorussoi belongs to the Atlantic/Mediterranean Ostreopsis spp. clade separated from the other Ostreopsis species. Ostreopsis fattorussoi produces OVTX-a and structural isomers OVTX-d and -e, O. cf. ovata is the only other species of this genus known to produce these toxins. The Lebanese O. fattorussoi did not produce the new palytoxin-like compounds (ovatoxin-i, ovatoxin-j1 , ovatoxin-j2 , and ovatoxin-k) that were previously found in O. fattorussoi from Cyprus. The toxin content was in the range of 0.28-0.94 pg · cell-1 . On the Lebanon coast, O. fattorussoi was recorded throughout the year 2015 (temperature range 18°C-31.5°C), with peaks in June and August.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonella Penna
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università di Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, 61100, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Samuela Capellacci
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università di Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, 61100, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ciminiello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marie Abboud-Abi Saab
- National Council for Scientific Research/National Center for Marine Sciences, P.O. Box 534, Batroun, Lebanon
| | - Valentina Giussani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valentina Asnaghi
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Chiantore
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
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Toxicity and Growth Assessments of Three Thermophilic Benthic Dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis cf. ovata, Prorocentrum lima and Coolia monotis) Developing in the Southern Mediterranean Basin. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8100297. [PMID: 27754462 PMCID: PMC5086657 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful benthic dinoflagellates, usually developing in tropical areas, are expanding to temperate ecosystems facing water warming. Reports on harmful benthic species are particularly scarce in the Southern Mediterranean Sea. For the first time, three thermophilic benthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis cf. ovata, Prorocentrum lima and Coolia monotis) were isolated from Bizerte Bay (Tunisia, Mediterranean) and monoclonal cultures established. The ribotyping confirmed the morphological identification of the three species. Maximum growth rates were 0.59 ± 0.08 d−1 for O. cf. ovata, 0.35 ± 0.01 d−1 for C. monotis and 0.33 ± 0.04 d−1 for P. lima. Toxin analyses revealed the presence of ovatoxin-a and ovatoxin-b in O. cf. ovata cells. Okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1 were detected in P. lima cultures. For C. monotis, a chromatographic peak at 5.6 min with a mass m/z = 1061.768 was observed, but did not correspond to a mono-sulfated analogue of the yessotoxin. A comparison of the toxicity and growth characteristics of these dinoflagellates, distributed worldwide, is proposed.
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Carnicer O, García-Altares M, Andree KB, Tartaglione L, Dell'Aversano C, Ciminiello P, de la Iglesia P, Diogène J, Fernández-Tejedor M. Ostreopsis cf. ovata from western Mediterranean Sea: Physiological responses under different temperature and salinity conditions. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 57:98-108. [PMID: 30170726 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata proliferates seasonally in the Mediterranean Sea, producing palytoxin-like compounds (ovatoxins) which are considered among the most potent marine toxins. Blooms have been related to several toxic events in which respiratory problems in humans and mortality of benthic marine organisms have been observed. In the coming decades, an increase in temperature and salinity is predicted in the Mediterranean Sea as a consequence of global warming that may provoke alterations in the dynamics of marine microorganisms. In this study, the physiological effects of changes in water temperature and salinity were analyzed, and their interaction through a multi-factorial experiment using two strains of O. cf. ovata in culture that had been isolated from the western Mediterranean Sea. In order to perform an accurate and reliable estimation of cell abundance, hydrochloric acid and sodium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatments were evaluated for the purpose of disaggregating cell clumps, with the former providing lower counting errors, especially after the stationary phase. Results of the physiological study showed that growth was inhibited at 19°C for all salinities. The highest growth rates were registered at 24°C for both strains (0.48±0.05divday-1), and a significant variability in growth rate was found among salinities at 24°C and 28°C. Two groups were distinguished by cell size in all high temperature conditions and a positive correlation was found between the amount of small cells and growth rate. The concentration of palytoxin-like compounds in the cultures increased with time and significantly higher amounts of toxin were found at 28°C in comparison to 24°C. The results suggest that climate change may not affect intensity of blooms, but their toxicity may be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Carnicer
- IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | | | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ciminiello
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Jorge Diogène
- IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
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Accoroni S, Romagnoli T, Pichierri S, Totti C. Effects of the bloom of harmful benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata on the microphytobenthos community in the northern Adriatic Sea. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 55:179-190. [PMID: 28073531 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Composition and temporal variation of the microphytobenthos communities of the Conero Riviera (northern Adriatic Sea) were investigated in the course of an annual cycle, focusing on their relationships with blooms of the benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Sampling was carried out from March 2009 to March 2010 on undisturbed benthic substrata (macroalgae and pebbles). Samples for the study of microphytobenthos were collected with a monthly frequency, while those for the study of Ostreopsis bloom weekly. Benthic diatoms dominated the microphytobenthos communities for most of the annual cycle (except the summer), both in terms of abundance and biomass. In summer, cyanobacteria were dominant (54.04±9.18 and 24.29±11.11% of total abundance and biomass, respectively), while benthic dinoflagellates were an important component of the community in terms of biomass only at the peak of the Ostreopsis bloom in late summer (up to 91% of the total biomass). Among diatoms, the most abundant forms throughout the year were motile species (77.5±3.71% of the population), while erect diatoms formed the majority of the biomass in winter and spring (48.66±16.66 and 48.05±5.56% of total population, respectively). Diatoms were mainly affected by DIN availability, while the patterns of biomass of O. cf. ovata and cyanobacteria were related to salinity and temperature. The biomass of Ostreopsis was also affected by the availability of phosphorus. The results of this study suggest that the proliferation of Ostreopsis affected the structure of the benthic diatom community: motile diatoms were significantly more abundant during the Ostreopsis bloom peak than during the rest of summer, probably because they benefited from the abundant mucilaginous mat covering the benthic substrata. In the course of the O. cf. ovata bloom the diversity of the microphytobenthos was significantly lower than during the rest of the year, suggesting an influence of both the shading produced by the mucous mat and allelopathic compounds possibly produced by O. cf. ovata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131 Italy.
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131 Italy
| | - Salvatore Pichierri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131 Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131 Italy
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Vanucci S, Guidi F, Pistocchi R, Long RA. Phylogenetic structure of bacterial assemblages co-occurring with Ostreopsis cf. ovata bloom. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 55:259-271. [PMID: 28073540 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extensive blooms of the toxic epiphytic/benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata are being reported with increasing frequency and spatial distribution in temperate coastal regions including the Mediterranean. These blooms are of human and environmental health concern due to the production of isobaric palytoxin and a wide range of ovatoxins by Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Bacterial-microalgal interactions are important regulators in algal bloom dynamics and potentially toxin dynamics. This study investigated the bacterial assemblages co-occurring with O. cf. ovata (OA) and from ambient seawaters (SW) during the early and peak phases of bloom development in NW Adriatic Sea. Fractions of the bacterial assemblages co-occurring with O. cf. ovata (OA) and more closely associated to the mucilage layer (LA) embedding O. cf. ovata cells were also reported. In total, 14 bacterial phyla were detected by targeted 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The dominant bacterial phyla in the OA assemblages were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes; while at the class level, Alphaproteobacteria were the most abundant (83 and 66%, relative abundance, early and peak bloom phases), followed by Flavobacteria (7 and 19%, early and peak phases). Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria were of minor importance (<5% of the relative bacterial abundance each). Gammaproteobacteria showed a notably presence in OA assemblage only at the early phase of the bloom (genus Haliea, 13%). The Alphaproteobacteria were predominately composed by the genera Ruegeria, Jannaschia and Erythrobacter which represented about half of the total phylotypes' contribution of OA at both early and peak phases of the O. cf. ovata bloom, suggesting interactions between this consortium and the microalga. Moreover, the highest contribution of Ruegeria (30% of the total phylotypes) was observed at the early phase of the bloom in LA assemblage. Microbial assemblages associated with the ambient seawaters while being also dominated by Alphaproteobacteria and Flavobacteria were partially distinct from those associated with O. cf. ovata due to the presence of genera almost not retrieved in the latter assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Vanucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 S. Agata, Messina, Italy.
| | - Flavio Guidi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Richard A Long
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
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Pezzolesi L, Vanucci S, Dell'Aversano C, Dello Iacovo E, Tartaglione L, Pistocchi R. Effects of N and P availability on carbon allocation in the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 55:202-212. [PMID: 28073533 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata are usually associated with shallow and calm coastal waters, characterized by low nutrient concentrations. The algal cells typically cover the benthic substrates, such as the macroalgal and invertebrate communities and rocks, forming a mucilaginous film. Data reported on O. cf. ovata toxin production observed under both field and culture conditions show high variability in terms of toxic profile and cellular content; little is known about the environmental and physiological aspects which regulate the toxin dynamics. In this study, O. cf. ovata physiology was investigated using batch cultures supplied with nutrient concentrations similar to those found in the Adriatic Sea during the recurrent blooms and the observed cellular dynamics were compared with those found in a culture grown under optimal conditions, used as a reference. Data on the cellular C, N and P content during the growth highlighted a possible important role of the cellular nutritional status in regulating the toxin production that resulted to be promoted under specific intervals of the C:N and C:P ratios. The variable toxicity found for O. cf. ovata in various geographic areas could be related to the different in situ prevalent environmental conditions (e.g., nutrient concentrations) which affect the cellular elemental composition and carbon allocation. The obtained results strongly suggest that in the environment toxin production is steadily sustained by a low and constant nutrient supply, able to maintain appropriate cellular C:N (>12) or C:P (>170) ratios for a long period. These results explain to some extent the variability in toxicity and growth dynamics observed in blooms occurring in the different coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pezzolesi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Silvana Vanucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando d'Alcontres 31, 98166 S. Agata, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emma Dello Iacovo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Carnicer O, Guallar C, Andree KB, Diogène J, Fernández-Tejedor M. Ostreopsis cf. ovata dynamics in the NW Mediterranean Sea in relation to biotic and abiotic factors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 143:89-99. [PMID: 26365038 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An expansion of the distribution of Ostreopsis cf. ovata, a dinoflagellate which produces palytoxin-like compounds, has been reported in recent years. Economical and social interests are affected by blooms, as they are responsible for respiratory and skin problems in humans and may cause damage to marine organisms. In order to identify the most influential environmental factors that trigger proliferations of O. cf. ovata in the area of the adjacent shallow rocky coast of the Ebro Delta (NW Mediterranean Sea) a three-year survey was performed on the metaphytic microalgae community growing on the macrophytes Jania rubens and Corallina elongata. Small-size diatoms were more abundant than dinoflagellates; O. cf. ovata was identified as the only species present from the genus. Seawater temperature was the primary driver defining the ecological niche of O. cf. ovata. Freshwater and groundwater fluxes were more pronounced in southern than in northern sites, which may have resulted in a distinct O. cf. ovata spatial distribution, with the highest records of abundance and more frequent blooms in the north. In consequence, negative correlations between the abundance of O. cf. ovata and nitrate concentrations and significant positive correlation with salinity were observed. The temporal pattern of O. cf. ovata dynamics from mid-July to early-November is probably due to the fact that this species is observed only above a certain threshold temperature of seawater. Metaphytic cells of O. cf. ovata were smaller in the northern site than in the south, possibly as a result of an increase in cell division, coinciding with higher abundance, and this could be an indicator of favorable conditions. Toxicity in planktonic cells was negatively correlated with cell abundance in the water column, achieving maximum concentrations of 25pg. PLTX eqcell(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Carnicer
- IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Carles Guallar
- IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain; IFREMER, DYNECO-PELAGOS Centre de Brest, Pointe du Diable BP70, 29280 Plouzane, France
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Jorge Diogène
- IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
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Blanfuné A, Boudouresque CF, Grossel H, Thibaut T. Distribution and abundance of Ostreopsis spp. and associated species (Dinophyceae) in the northwestern Mediterranean: the region and the macroalgal substrate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:12332-12346. [PMID: 25903183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The range of Ostreopsis (Dinophyceae), a taxon harmful to both human health and ecosystems, has spread from a tropical and subtropical range of distribution to temperate areas, such as the Mediterranean Sea. This study has evidenced widespread summer occurrence in the northwestern Mediterranean, from French Catalonia to the French Riviera and Corsica. Ostreopsis spp. are usually associated with two other dinophycean taxa, Prorocentrum lima and Coolia spp. No obvious correlation (indicative of competition and/or facilitation) between the abundance of the three taxa was evidenced. In addition to local variability, we observed regional variability, with low abundance and local absence in French Catalonia and Languedoc, which contrasted with overall abundance and blooms in Provence, the French Riviera and Corsica, especially in late summer. Possible causes for this regional variability are discussed. Furthermore, the three taxa can grow on a variety of macroalgal substrates: 34 taxa belonging to the fleshy, bushy, flat and erect morpho-functional groups. Some macroalgal species were correlated with either high or low abundance of the studied dinophycean taxa and could therefore enhance or hinder their blooming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Blanfuné
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS/INSU, University Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France,
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Characterization of ovatoxin-h, a new ovatoxin analog, and evaluation of chromatographic columns for ovatoxin analysis and purification. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1388:87-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Strain EMA, van Belzen J, van Dalen J, Bouma TJ, Airoldi L. Management of local stressors can improve the resilience of marine canopy algae to global stressors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120837. [PMID: 25807516 PMCID: PMC4373769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal systems are increasingly threatened by multiple local anthropogenic and global climatic stressors. With the difficulties in remediating global stressors, management requires alternative approaches that focus on local scales. We used manipulative experiments to test whether reducing local stressors (sediment load and nutrient concentrations) can improve the resilience of foundation species (canopy algae along temperate rocky coastlines) to future projected global climate stressors (high wave exposure, increasing sea surface temperature), which are less amenable to management actions. We focused on Fucoids (Cystoseira barbata) along the north-western Adriatic coast in the Mediterranean Sea because of their ecological relevance, sensitivity to a variety of human impacts, and declared conservation priority. At current levels of sediment and nutrients, C. barbata showed negative responses to the simulated future scenarios of high wave exposure and increased sea surface temperature. However, reducing the sediment load increased the survival of C. barbata recruits by 90.24% at high wave exposure while reducing nutrient concentrations resulted in a 20.14% increase in the survival and enhanced the growth of recruited juveniles at high temperature. We conclude that improving water quality by reducing nutrient concentrations, and particularly the sediment load, would significantly increase the resilience of C. barbata populations to projected increases in climate stressors. Developing and applying appropriate targets for specific local anthropogenic stressors could be an effective management action to halt the severe and ongoing loss of key marine habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M. A. Strain
- University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Jim van Belzen
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Spatial Ecology Department, Yerseke, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Dalen
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Spatial Ecology Department, Yerseke, Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Spatial Ecology Department, Yerseke, Netherlands
| | - Laura Airoldi
- University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali, Ravenna, Italy
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The novel ovatoxin-g and isobaric palytoxin (so far referred to as putative palytoxin) from Ostreopsis cf. ovata (NW Mediterranean Sea): structural insights by LC-high resolution MSn. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:1191-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ciminiello P, Dell'Aversano C, Dello Iacovo E, Fattorusso E, Forino M, Tartaglione L, Benedettini G, Onorari M, Serena F, Battocchi C, Casabianca S, Penna A. First finding of Ostreopsis cf. ovata toxins in marine aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:3532-3540. [PMID: 24564517 DOI: 10.1021/es405617d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the late 1990s, a respiratory syndrome has been repetitively observed in humans concomitant with Ostreopsis spp. blooms (mainly O. cf. ovata) in the Mediterranean area. Previous studies have demonstrated that O. cf. ovata produces analogues of palytoxin (ovatoxins and a putative palytoxin), one of the most potent marine toxins. On the basis of the observed association between O. cf. ovata blooms, respiratory illness in people, and detection of palytoxin complex in algal samples, toxic aerosols, containing Ostreopsis cells and/or the toxins they produce, were postulated to be the cause of human illness. A small scale monitoring study of marine aerosol carried out along the Tuscan coasts (Italy) in 2009 and 2010 is reported. Aerosols were collected concomitantly with O. cf. ovata blooms, and they were analyzed by both PCR assays and LC-HRMS. The results, besides confirming the presence of O. cf. ovata cells, demonstrated for the first time the occurrence of ovatoxins in the aerosol at levels of 2.4 pg of ovatoxins per liter of air. Given the lack of toxicological data on palytoxins by inhalation exposure, our results are only a first step toward a more comprehensive understanding of the Ostreopsis-related respiratory syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ciminiello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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