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Kang S, Koh JM, Im DS. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Protect against Alcoholic Liver Steatosis by Activating FFA4 in Kupffer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5476. [PMID: 38791514 PMCID: PMC11122576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with fish oil rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) effectively reduces acute and chronic alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis. We aimed to find molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of n-3 PUFAs in alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis. Because free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4, also known as GPR120) has been found as a receptor for n-3 PUFAs in an ethanol-induced liver steatosis model, we investigated whether n-3 PUFAs protect against liver steatosis via FFA4 using AH7614, an FFA4 antagonist, and Ffa4 knockout (KO) mice. N-3 PUFAs and compound A (CpdA), a selective FFA4 agonist, reduced the ethanol-induced increase in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, triglyceride content, and serum ALT levels, which were not observed in Ffa4 KO mice. N-3 PUFAs and CpdA also reduced the ethanol-induced increase in lipogenic sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c expression in an FFA4-dependent manner. In Kupffer cells, treatment with n-3 PUFA and CpdA reversed the ethanol-induced increase in tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 expression levels in an FFA4-dependent manner. In summary, n-3 PUFAs protect against ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis via the anti-inflammatory actions of FFA4 on Kupffer cells. Our findings suggest FFA4 as a therapeutic target for alcoholic hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeromi Kang
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung-Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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2
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Feng D, Hwang S, Guillot A, Wang Y, Guan Y, Chen C, Maccioni L, Gao B. Inflammation in Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:S2352-345X(24)00106-1. [PMID: 38697358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is an acute-on-chronic liver injury that occurs in patients with chronic alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Patients with severe AH have high short-term mortality and lack effective pharmacologic therapies. Inflammation is believed to be one of the key factors promoting AH progression and has been actively investigated as therapeutic targets over the last several decades, but no effective inflammatory targets have been identified so far. In this review, we discuss how inflammatory cells and the inflammatory mediators produced by these cells contribute to the development and progression of AH, with focus on neutrophils and macrophages. The crosstalk between inflammatory cells and liver nonparenchymal cells in the pathogenesis of AH is elaborated. We also deliberate the application of recent cutting-edge technologies in characterizing liver inflammation in AH. Finally, the potential therapeutic targets of inflammatory mediators for AH are briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cheng Chen
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Luca Maccioni
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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3
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Tharmalingam J, Gangadaran P, Rajendran RL, Ahn BC. Impact of Alcohol on Inflammation, Immunity, Infections, and Extracellular Vesicles in Pathogenesis. Cureus 2024; 16:e56923. [PMID: 38665743 PMCID: PMC11043057 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a widespread social activity with a complex and multifaceted impact on human health. Although moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with certain potential health benefits, excessive or chronic alcohol use can disrupt the body's immune balance, promote inflammation, and increase susceptibility to infections. The deleterious effects associated with alcohol toxicity include the loss of cell integrity. When cells lose their integrity, they also lose the capacity to communicate with other systems. One of the systems disturbed by alcohol toxicity is extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated communication. EVs are critical mediators of cell-to-cell communication. They play a significant role in alcohol-induced pathogenesis, facilitating communication and molecular exchange between cells, thereby potentially contributing to alcohol-related health issues. Investigating their involvement in this context is fundamental to resolving the intricate mechanisms behind the health consequences of alcohol use and may pave the way for innovative approaches for mitigating the adverse effects of alcohol on immune health. Understanding the role of EVs in the context of alcohol-induced pathogenesis is essential for comprehending the mechanisms behind alcohol-related health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, KOR
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK (Brain Korea) 21 FOUR (Fostering Outstanding Universities for Research) Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, KOR
| | | | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, KOR
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, KOR
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK (Brain Korea) 21 FOUR (Fostering Outstanding Universities for Research) Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, KOR
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4
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Condon S, Jophlin LL. Past, Present, and Future Therapies for Alcohol-associated Hepatitis. Clin Ther 2023; 45:1171-1176. [PMID: 37980219 PMCID: PMC10842010 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is a unique presentation of cholestatic steatohepatitis with liver dysfunction and malaise preceded by heavy alcohol intake. Although AH exists on a spectrum, in its most severe form, 28-day mortality approaches 50%. Clinical trials of therapeutic interventions over the last 50 years have yielded few durable therapies, none of which convey benefit beyond the short term. METHODS A qualitative systematic review was performed via searches of PubMed, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov for therapeutic interventions for AH. FINDINGS Prior to 2005, clinical trial results for AH were identified within PubMed. From 2005 to the present, trials were well catalogued within online registries and included information regarding trial status (eg, complete, terminated, actively enrolling). Most clinical trials for AH have used existing medications broadly targeting pathogenic themes of AH (eg, inflammation, cell death) in an off-label manner. The trend of initially promising pilot studies answered by larger trials showing lack of efficacy or safety signals have ended the hopes of many new therapeutics. The emergence of theragnostics to identify patients who may benefit from existing therapies and trials of agents with novel mechanisms of action, including epigenetic modifications and hyaluronic acid signaling targeted to AH pathogenesis, are currently under investigation. IMPLICATIONS This review of AH treatments details the historical interventions and clinical trials that have led to the current treatment algorithm and active studies shaping the therapeutic pipeline for AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Condon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Loretta L Jophlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
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5
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Tilg H, Adolph TE, Tacke F. Therapeutic modulation of the liver immune microenvironment. Hepatology 2023; 78:1581-1601. [PMID: 37057876 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of progressive liver diseases such as chronic viral or immune-mediated hepatitis, alcohol-associated liver disease, and NAFLD. Preclinical and clinical studies have provided robust evidence that cytokines and related cellular stress sensors in innate and adaptive immunity orchestrate hepatic disease processes. Unresolved inflammation and liver injury result in hepatic scarring, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, which may culminate in HCC. Liver diseases are accompanied by gut dysbiosis and a bloom of pathobionts, fueling hepatic inflammation. Anti-inflammatory strategies are extensively used to treat human immune-mediated conditions beyond the liver, while evidence for immunomodulatory therapies and cell therapy-based strategies in liver diseases is only emerging. The development and establishment of novel immunomodulatory therapies for chronic liver diseases has been dampened by several clinical challenges, such as invasive monitoring of therapeutic efficacy with liver biopsy in clinical trials and risk of DILI in several studies. Such aspects prevented advancements of novel medical therapies for chronic inflammatory liver diseases. New concepts modulating the liver immune environment are studied and eagerly awaited to improve the management of chronic liver diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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Yin XW, Bian XX, Chen YF, Zhang M, Wu L, Ren FC, Yang FR, Pu XD, Yang BY, Shen CP. Structure-diversified terpenoids from Salvia prattii and their protective activity against alcoholic liver diseases. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 214:113819. [PMID: 37572737 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Eleven previously unreported compounds (1-11), including five diterpenoids (1-5) and six sesquiterpenoids (6-11), together with two known diterpenoids (12-13), have been isolated from the roots of Salvia prattii. Their structures were comprehensively elucidated through spectroscopic methods, and their configurations were established using computational 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and electronic circular dichroism. Compound 1 was found to be an abietane-type diterpenoid with a novel rearrangement generated from the cleavage of the C-4/5 chemical bond, 20-methyl shift, and the rearrangement of the C-10 side chain. Compounds 2-3 were the third and fourth examples of arrangement seco-norabietanes with a spiro-lactone ring. We evaluated all compounds for their protective effects against alcoholic liver diseases (ALD). Compound 2 exhibited potential protective activity and hence can be used as a novel anti-ALD candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wen Yin
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Bian
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yan-Fang Chen
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fu-Cai Ren
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fu-Rong Yang
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Pu
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Bing-Yuan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, China.
| | - Chuan-Pu Shen
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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7
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Niemelä O, Bloigu A, Bloigu R, Nivukoski U, Kultti J, Pohjasniemi H. Patterns of IgA Autoantibody Generation, Inflammatory Responses and Extracellular Matrix Metabolism in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13124. [PMID: 37685930 PMCID: PMC10487441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data have emphasized the role of inflammation and intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In order to further explore such associations, we compared IgA titers against antigens targeted to ethanol metabolites and tissue transglutaminase with pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators of inflammation, markers of liver status, transferrin protein desialylation and extracellular matrix metabolism in alcohol-dependent patients with or without liver disease and in healthy controls. Serum IgAs against protein adducts with acetaldehyde (HbAch-IgA), the first metabolite of ethanol, and tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgA), desialylated transferrin (CDT), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, markers of liver status (GT, ALP) and extracellular matrix metabolism (PIIINP, PINP, hyaluronic acid, ICTP and CTx) were measured in alcohol-dependent patients with (n = 83) or without (n = 105) liver disease and 88 healthy controls representing either moderate drinkers or abstainers. In ALD patients, both tTG-IgA and HbAch-IgA titers were significantly higher than those in the alcoholics without liver disease (p < 0.0005 for tTG-IgA, p = 0.006 for Hb-Ach-IgA) or in healthy controls (p < 0.0005 for both comparisons). The HbAch-IgA levels in the alcoholics without liver disease also exceeded those found in healthy controls (p = 0.0008). In ROC analyses, anti-tTG-antibodies showed an excellent discriminative value in differentiating between ALD patients and healthy controls (AUC = 0.95, p < 0.0005). Significant correlations emerged between tTG-IgAs and HbAch-IgAs (rs = 0.462, p < 0.0005), CDT (rs = 0.413, p < 0.0001), GT (rs = 0.487, p < 0.0001), alkaline phosphatase (rs = 0.466, p < 0.0001), serum markers of fibrogenesis: PIIINP (rs = 0.634, p < 0.0001), hyaluronic acid (rs = 0.575, p < 0.0001), ICTP (rs = 0.482, p < 0.0001), pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (rs = 0.581, p < 0.0001), IL-8 (rs = 0.535, p < 0.0001) and TNF-α (rs = 0.591, p < 0.0001), whereas significant inverse correlations were observed with serum TGF-β (rs = -0.366, p < 0.0001) and CTx, a marker of collagen degradation (rs = -0.495, p < 0.0001). The data indicate that the induction of IgA immune responses toward ethanol metabolites and tissue transglutaminaseis a characteristic feature of patients with AUD and coincides with the activation of inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling and the generation of aberrantly glycosylated proteins. These processes appear to work in concert in the sequence of events leading from heavy drinking to ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland; (U.N.); (J.K.); (H.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Aini Bloigu
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Risto Bloigu
- Infrastructure of Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Ulla Nivukoski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland; (U.N.); (J.K.); (H.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Kultti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland; (U.N.); (J.K.); (H.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Heidi Pohjasniemi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland; (U.N.); (J.K.); (H.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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8
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Jegal KH, Park HR, Choi BR, Kim JK, Ku SK. Synergistic Protective Effect of Fermented Schizandrae Fructus Pomace and Hoveniae Semen cum Fructus Extracts Mixture in the Ethanol-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1602. [PMID: 37627597 PMCID: PMC10451898 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizandrae Fructus (SF), fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and Hoveniae Semen cum Fructus (HSCF), the dried peduncle of Hovenia dulcis Thunb., have long been used for alcohol detoxification in the traditional medicine of Korea and China. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the potential synergistic hepatoprotective effect of a combination mixture (MSH) comprising fermented SF pomace (fSFP) and HSCF hot water extracts at a 1:1 (w:w) ratio against ethanol-induced liver toxicity. Subacute ethanol-mediated hepatotoxicity was induced by the oral administration of ethanol (5 g/kg) in C57BL/6J mice once daily for 14 consecutive days. One hour after each ethanol administration, MSH (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was also orally administered daily. MSH administration significantly reduced the serum activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Histological observation indicated that MSH administration synergistically and significantly decreased the fatty changed region of hepatic parenchyma and the formation of lipid droplet in hepatocytes. Moreover, MSH significantly attenuated the hepatic triglyceride accumulation through reducing lipogenesis genes expression and increasing fatty acid oxidation genes expression. In addition, MSH significantly inhibited protein nitrosylation and lipid peroxidation by lowering cytochrome P450 2E1 enzyme activity and restoring the glutathione level, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in liver. Furthermore, MSH synergistically decreased the mRNA level of tumor necrosis factor-α in the hepatic tissue. These findings indicate that MSH has potential for preventing alcoholic liver disease through inhibiting hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwan Jegal
- Department of Korean Medical Classics, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hye-Rim Park
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea;
- Nutracore Co., Ltd., Suwon 16514, Republic of Korea;
| | - Beom-Rak Choi
- Nutracore Co., Ltd., Suwon 16514, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Kwang Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea;
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9
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Vitale I, Pietrocola F, Guilbaud E, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostini M, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, Aqeilan RI, Arama E, Baehrecke EH, Balachandran S, Bano D, Barlev NA, Bartek J, Bazan NG, Becker C, Bernassola F, Bertrand MJM, Bianchi ME, Blagosklonny MV, Blander JM, Blandino G, Blomgren K, Borner C, Bortner CD, Bove P, Boya P, Brenner C, Broz P, Brunner T, Damgaard RB, Calin GA, Campanella M, Candi E, Carbone M, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Cecconi F, Chan FKM, Chen GQ, Chen Q, Chen YH, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Ciliberto G, Conrad M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Czabotar PE, D'Angiolella V, Daugaard M, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Maria R, De Strooper B, Debatin KM, Deberardinis RJ, Degterev A, Del Sal G, Deshmukh M, Di Virgilio F, Diederich M, Dixon SJ, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Elrod JW, Engeland K, Fimia GM, Galassi C, Ganini C, Garcia-Saez AJ, Garg AD, Garrido C, Gavathiotis E, Gerlic M, Ghosh S, Green DR, Greene LA, Gronemeyer H, Häcker G, Hajnóczky G, Hardwick JM, Haupt Y, He S, Heery DM, Hengartner MO, Hetz C, Hildeman DA, Ichijo H, Inoue S, Jäättelä M, Janic A, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Kanneganti TD, Karin M, Kashkar H, Kaufmann T, Kelly GL, Kepp O, Kimchi A, Kitsis RN, Klionsky DJ, Kluck R, Krysko DV, Kulms D, Kumar S, Lavandero S, Lavrik IN, Lemasters JJ, Liccardi G, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Luedde T, MacFarlane M, Madeo F, Malorni W, Manic G, Mantovani R, Marchi S, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Mastroberardino PG, Medema JP, Mehlen P, Meier P, Melino G, Melino S, Miao EA, Moll UM, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Murphy DJ, Niklison-Chirou MV, Novelli F, Núñez G, Oberst A, Ofengeim D, Opferman JT, Oren M, Pagano M, Panaretakis T, Pasparakis M, Penninger JM, Pentimalli F, Pereira DM, Pervaiz S, Peter ME, Pinton P, Porta G, Prehn JHM, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Rajalingam K, Ravichandran KS, Rehm M, Ricci JE, Rizzuto R, Robinson N, Rodrigues CMP, Rotblat B, Rothlin CV, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Rufini A, Ryan KM, Sarosiek KA, Sawa A, Sayan E, Schroder K, Scorrano L, Sesti F, Shao F, Shi Y, Sica GS, Silke J, Simon HU, Sistigu A, Stephanou A, Stockwell BR, Strapazzon F, Strasser A, Sun L, Sun E, Sun Q, Szabadkai G, Tait SWG, Tang D, Tavernarakis N, Troy CM, Turk B, Urbano N, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T, Vander Heiden MG, Vanderluit JL, Verkhratsky A, Villunger A, von Karstedt S, Voss AK, Vousden KH, Vucic D, Vuri D, Wagner EF, Walczak H, Wallach D, Wang R, Wang Y, Weber A, Wood W, Yamazaki T, Yang HT, Zakeri Z, Zawacka-Pankau JE, Zhang L, Zhang H, Zhivotovsky B, Zhou W, Piacentini M, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Apoptotic cell death in disease-Current understanding of the NCCD 2023. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1097-1154. [PMID: 37100955 PMCID: PMC10130819 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01153-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that involves proteases of the caspase family. Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis in mammalian systems have elucidated the key contribution of this process not only to (post-)embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis, but also to the etiology of multiple human disorders. Consistent with this notion, while defects in the molecular machinery for apoptotic cell death impair organismal development and promote oncogenesis, the unwarranted activation of apoptosis promotes cell loss and tissue damage in the context of various neurological, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, infectious, neoplastic and inflammatory conditions. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) gathered to critically summarize an abundant pre-clinical literature mechanistically linking the core apoptotic apparatus to organismal homeostasis in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilio Vitale
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO -IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emma Guilbaud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - John M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, Avellino, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Division of Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - David W Andrews
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Lautenberg Center for Immunology & Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Arama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniele Bano
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Department of Biomedicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy and Ospedale San Raffaele IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - J Magarian Blander
- Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carl D Bortner
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pierluigi Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Patricia Boya
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine Brenner
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects métaboliques et systémiques de l'oncogénèse pour de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques, Villejuif, France
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rune Busk Damgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Carbone
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francis K-M Chan
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- State Key Lab of Oncogene and its related gene, Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Youhai H Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- The Technion-Integrated Cancer Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Munich, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering and the Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering and the Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Centre for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralph J Deberardinis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexei Degterev
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park-Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Marc Diederich
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University and the Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt Engeland
- Molecular Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Dermopatic Institute of Immaculate (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ana J Garcia-Saez
- CECAD, Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM, UMR, 1231, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Anti-cancer Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Motti Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler school of Medicine, Tel Aviv university, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Neurology and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lloyd A Greene
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Georg Häcker
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Marie Hardwick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Pharmacology, Oncology and Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ygal Haupt
- VITTAIL Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sudan He
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - David M Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - David A Hildeman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Janic
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp J Jost
- Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Michael Karin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Molecular Immunology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ruth Kluck
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Lab, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John J Lemasters
- Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Gianmaria Liccardi
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Lockshin
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
- St. John's University, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Global Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO -IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Roberto Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pier G Mastroberardino
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- IFOM-ETS The AIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer, and Development Laboratory, Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ute M Moll
- Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Flavia Novelli
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dimitry Ofengeim
- Rare and Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph T Opferman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of GU Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, NUHS, Singapore, Singapore
- ISEP, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Center of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Barak Rotblat
- Department of Life sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The NIBN, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Microbiology Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- University of Leicester, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Lab of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutics Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Johns Hopkins Schizophrenia Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emre Sayan
- Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Sesti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Giuseppe S Sica
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Flavie Strapazzon
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyogène CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Erwei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Carol M Troy
- Departments of Pathology & Cell Biology and Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicoletta Urbano
- Department of Oncohaematology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem Program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- The Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Vienna, Austria
- The Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne K Voss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Vuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Henning Walczak
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Achim Weber
- University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Will Wood
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zahra Zakeri
- Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Joanna E Zawacka-Pankau
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biophysics and p53 protein biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haibing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Wenzhao Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Pozo-Morales M, Garteizgogeascoa I, Perazzolo C, So J, Shin D, Singh SP. In vivo imaging of calcium dynamics in zebrafish hepatocytes. Hepatology 2023; 77:789-801. [PMID: 35829917 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocytes were the first cell type for which oscillations of cytoplasmic calcium levels in response to hormones were described. Since then, investigation of calcium dynamics in liver explants and culture has greatly increased our understanding of calcium signaling. A bottleneck, however, exists in observing calcium dynamics in a noninvasive manner because of the optical inaccessibility of the mammalian liver. Here, we aimed to take advantage of the transparency of the zebrafish larvae to image hepatocyte calcium dynamics in vivo at cellular resolution. APPROACH AND RESULTS We developed a transgenic model expressing a calcium sensor, GCaMP6s, specifically in zebrafish hepatocytes. Using this, we provide a quantitative assessment of intracellular calcium dynamics during multiple contexts, including growth, feeding, ethanol-induced stress, and cell ablation. Specifically, we show that synchronized calcium oscillations are present in vivo , which are lost upon starvation. Starvation induces lipid accumulation in the liver. Feeding recommences calcium waves in the liver, but in a spatially restricted manner, as well as resolves starvation-induced hepatic steatosis. By using a genetically encoded scavenger for calcium, we show that dampening of calcium signaling accelerates the accumulation of starvation-related lipid droplets in the liver. Furthermore, ethanol treatment, as well as cell ablation, induces calcium flux, but with different dynamics. The former causes asynchronous calcium oscillations, whereas the latter leads to a single calcium spike. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the presence of oscillations, waves, and spikes in vivo . Calcium waves are present in response to nutrition and negatively regulate starvation-induced accumulation of lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Pozo-Morales
- IRIBHM , Free University of Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Inés Garteizgogeascoa
- IRIBHM , Free University of Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Camille Perazzolo
- IRIBHM , Free University of Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Juhoon So
- Department of Developmental Biology , McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine , Pittsburgh Liver Research Center , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology , McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine , Pittsburgh Liver Research Center , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Sumeet Pal Singh
- IRIBHM , Free University of Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Brussels , Belgium
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11
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Iturrospe E, Robeyns R, da Silva KM, van de Lavoir M, Boeckmans J, Vanhaecke T, van Nuijs ALN, Covaci A. Metabolic signature of HepaRG cells exposed to ethanol and tumor necrosis factor alpha to study alcoholic steatohepatitis by LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1335-1353. [PMID: 36826472 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of alcoholic liver disease, its identification and characterization remain poor, especially in early stages such as alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic steatohepatitis. This latter implies diagnostic difficulties, few therapeutic options and unclear mechanisms of action. To elucidate the metabolic alterations and pinpoint affected biochemical pathways, alcoholic steatohepatitis was simulated in vitro by exposing HepaRG cells to ethanol (IC10, 368 mM) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, 50 ng/mL) for 24 h. This combined exposure was compared to solely ethanol-exposed as well as -nonexposed cells. Four different metabolomics platforms were used combining liquid chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry and drift tube ion mobility to elucidate both intracellular and extracellular metabolic alterations. Some of the key findings include the influence of TNF-α in the upregulation of hepatic triglycerides and the downregulation of hepatic phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines. S-Adenosylmethionine showed to play a central role in the progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis. In addition, fatty acyl esters of hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA)-containing triglycerides were detected for the first time in human hepatocytes and their alterations showed a potentially important role during the progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis. Ethoxylated phosphorylcholine was identified as a potential new biomarker of ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Iturrospe
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Jette, Belgium.
| | - Rani Robeyns
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Maria van de Lavoir
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joost Boeckmans
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Jette, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Jette, Belgium
| | | | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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12
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Li H, Niu X, Zhang D, Qu MH, Yang K. The role of the canonical nf-κb signaling pathway in the development of acute liver failure. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-21. [PMID: 36578157 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2162999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As a clinical emergency with a high mortality rate, the treatment of acute liver failure has been paid attention to by society. At present, liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for acute liver failure, but there is still an insufficient supply of liver sources and a poor prognosis. In view of the current therapeutic development of this disease, more researchers have turned their attention to the research of drugs related to the NF-κB pathway. The NF-κB canonical pathway has been proven to play a role in a variety of diseases, regulating inflammation, apoptosis, and other physiological processes. More and more evidence shows that the NF-κB canonical pathway regulates the pathogenesis of acute liver failure. In this review, we will summarize the regulation process of the NF-κB canonical pathway on acute liver failure, and develop a new way to treat acute liver failure by targeting the components of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Li
- Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Shandong Province Colleges and Universities, School of life science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao Niu
- Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Shandong Province Colleges and Universities, School of life science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Dajin Zhang
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang Respiratory Disease Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Mei-Hua Qu
- Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Shandong Province Colleges and Universities, School of life science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Kunning Yang
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang Respiratory Disease Hospital, Weifang, China
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13
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Han J, Lee C, Hur J, Jung Y. Current Therapeutic Options and Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Alcoholic Liver Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010022. [PMID: 36611816 PMCID: PMC9818513 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a globally prevalent chronic liver disease caused by chronic or binge consumption of alcohol. The therapeutic efficiency of current therapies for ALD is limited, and there is no FDA-approved therapy for ALD at present. Various strategies targeting pathogenic events in the progression of ALD are being investigated in preclinical and clinical trials. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for ALD treatment and have been tested in several clinical trials. MSC-released factors have captured attention, as they have the same therapeutic function as MSCs. Herein, we focus on current therapeutic options, recently proposed strategies, and their limitations in ALD treatment. Also, we review the therapeutic effects of MSCs and those of MSC-related secretory factors on ALD. Although accumulating evidence suggests the therapeutic potential of MSCs and related factors in ALD, the mechanisms underlying their actions in ALD have not been well studied. Further investigations of the detailed mechanisms underlying the therapeutic role of MSCs in ALD are required to expand MSC therapies to clinical applications. This review provides information on current or possible treatments for ALD and contributes to our understanding of the development of effective and safe treatments for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsol Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanbin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (Y.J.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8074 (J.H.); +82-51-510-2262 (Y.J.)
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (Y.J.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8074 (J.H.); +82-51-510-2262 (Y.J.)
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14
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Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: An Overview on Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102530. [PMID: 36289791 PMCID: PMC9599689 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) refers to a spectrum of liver manifestations ranging from fatty liver diseases, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis/cirrhosis with chronic inflammation primarily due to excessive alcohol use. Currently, ALD is considered as one of the most prevalent causes of liver disease-associated mortality worldwide. Although the pathogenesis of ALD has been intensively investigated, the present understanding of its biomarkers in the context of early clinical diagnosis is not complete, and novel therapeutic targets that can significantly alleviate advanced forms of ALD are limited. While alcohol abstinence remains the primary therapeutic intervention for managing ALD, there are currently no approved medications for treating ALD. Furthermore, given the similarities and the differences between ALD and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in terms of disease progression and underlying molecular mechanisms, numerous studies have demonstrated that many therapeutic interventions targeting several signaling pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, hormonal regulation, and hepatocyte death play a significant role in ALD treatment. Therefore, in this review, we summarized several key molecular targets and their modes of action in ALD progression. We also described the updated therapeutic options for ALD management with a particular emphasis on potentially novel signaling pathways.
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15
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Wang X, Guo B, Yang X, Li J, Baima Y, Yin J, Yu J, Xu H, Zeng C, Feng S, Wei J, Hong F, Zhao X. Role of Liver Enzymes in the Relationship Between Particulate Matter Exposure and Diabetes Risk: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e4086-e4097. [PMID: 35861878 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Particulate matter (PM) is an important risk factor for diabetes. However, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Although liver-derived biological intermediates may play irreplaceable roles in the pathophysiology of diabetes, few studies have explored this in the association between PM and diabetes. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of liver enzymes in mediating the relationship between PM exposure and diabetes. METHODS We included a total of 7963 participants from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort. Residential exposure to PM was assessed using a validated spatial-temporal assessment method. Diabetes was diagnosed according to the criteria from American Diabetes Association. Associations between PM, liver enzyme [including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)], and diabetes were estimated using multivariable regression models. The function of liver enzymes in the relationship between PM and diabetes was assessed using mediation analysis. RESULTS PM exposure was positively associated with the odds of diabetes, with odds ratios of 1.32 (95% CI 0.83, 2.09), 1.33 (95% CI 1.07, 1.65), and 1.18 (95% CI 1.02, 1.36) for every 10-μg/m3 increment in ≤1 μm (PM1), ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), and ≤10 μm (PM10) PM, respectively. ALT (4.47%) and GGT (4.78%) exhibited statistically significant mediation effects on the association between PM2.5 and diabetes, and the ALT (4.30%) also had a mediating role on PM10. However, none of the liver enzymes had a significant mediating effect on PM1. CONCLUSION The relationship between PM and diabetes is partially mediated by liver enzymes, suggesting that lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation in the liver may be involved in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Guo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianxian Yang
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingzhong Li
- Tibet Center for disease control and prevention, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Yangji Baima
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Jianzhong Yin
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Baoshan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoshan, China
| | - Jianhong Yu
- Pidu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Xu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmei Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Feng Hong
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Zhang S, Lu S, Li Z. Extrahepatic factors in hepatic immune regulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:941721. [PMID: 36052075 PMCID: PMC9427192 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.941721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a site of complex immune activity. The hepatic immune system tolerates harmless immunogenic loads in homeostasis status, shelters liver function, while maintaining vigilance against possible infectious agents or tissue damage and providing immune surveillance at the same time. Activation of the hepatic immunity is initiated by a diverse repertoire of hepatic resident immune cells as well as non-hematopoietic cells, which can sense “danger signals” and trigger robust immune response. Factors that mediate the regulation of hepatic immunity are elicited not only in liver, but also in other organs, given the dual blood supply of the liver via both portal vein blood and arterial blood. Emerging evidence indicates that inter-organ crosstalk between the liver and other organs such as spleen, gut, lung, adipose tissue, and brain is involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. In this review, we present the features of hepatic immune regulation, with particular attention to the correlation with factors from extrahepatic organ. We describe the mechanisms by which other organs establish an immune association with the liver and then modulate the hepatic immune response. We discuss their roles and distinct mechanisms in liver homeostasis and pathological conditions from the cellular and molecular perspective, highlighting their potential for liver disease intervention. Moreover, we review the available animal models and methods for revealing the regulatory mechanisms of these extrahepatic factors. With the increasing understanding of the mechanisms by which extrahepatic factors regulate liver immunity, we believe that this will provide promising targets for liver disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi International Cooperation Base for Inflammation and Immunity, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shemin Lu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi International Cooperation Base for Inflammation and Immunity, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
| | - Zongfang Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi International Cooperation Base for Inflammation and Immunity, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zongfang Li,
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17
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Gök E, Deveci E. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical alterations in liver tissue after fungicide-mancozeb exposures in Wistar albino rats. Acta Cir Bras 2022; 37:e370404. [PMID: 35766670 PMCID: PMC9239557 DOI: 10.1590/acb370404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical effects of liver changes after mancozeb administration. METHODS Rats were divided into groups-the control group (n=7) and the mancozeb group (n=7)-, given 500 mg/kg mancozeb dissolved in corn oil daily for four weeks by an orogastric tube. Caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) primary antibodies were used for immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values of the mancozeb group increased significantly than ones of the control group. Venous dilatation, inflammation, hepatocyte degeneration, TNF-α, and caspase-3 expression scores increased significantly in the mancozeb group. In the mancozeb group, intensive caspase-3 expression was observed in hepatocyte cells around the central vein in the center of the liver lobule, and there was an increase in TNF-α expression in the inflammatory cells around the enlarged central vein and Kupffer cells and apoptotic hepatocyte cells. CONCLUSIONS Subacute mancozeb exposure in rats leads to elevated toxicity with impaired liver function, increased inflammation in tissue and increased apoptosis due to cellular damage in the liver, and decreased liver regeneration ability due to congestion and degeneration of blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ertuğrul Gök
- Assistant professor. Dicle University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Forensic Medicine - Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Engin Deveci
- PhD. Dicle University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Histology and Embryology - Diyarbakir, Turkey
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18
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Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L, Krawczyk M, Frühbeck G, Portincasa P. Synergistic and Detrimental Effects of Alcohol Intake on Progression of Liver Steatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052636. [PMID: 35269779 PMCID: PMC8910376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are the most common liver disorders worldwide and the major causes of non-viral liver cirrhosis in the general population. In NAFLD, metabolic abnormalities, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are the driving factors for liver damage with no or minimal alcohol consumption. ALD refers to liver damage caused by excess alcohol intake in individuals drinking more than 5 to 10 daily units for years. Although NAFLD and ALD are nosologically considered two distinct entities, they show a continuum and exert synergistic effects on the progression toward liver cirrhosis. The current view is that low alcohol use might also increase the risk of advanced clinical liver disease in NAFLD, whereas metabolic factors increase the risk of cirrhosis among alcohol risk drinkers. Therefore, special interest is now addressed to individuals with metabolic abnormalities who consume small amounts of alcohol or who binge drink, for the role of light-to-moderate alcohol use in fibrosis progression and clinical severity of the liver disease. Evidence shows that in the presence of NAFLD, there is no liver-safe limit of alcohol intake. We discuss the epidemiological and clinical features of NAFLD/ALD, aspects of alcohol metabolism, and mechanisms of damage concerning steatosis, fibrosis, cumulative effects, and deleterious consequences which include hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School—Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School—Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany;
- Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School—Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Tiegs G, Horst AK. TNF in the liver: targeting a central player in inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:445-459. [PMID: 35122118 PMCID: PMC9256556 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine. First recognized as an endogenous soluble factor that induces necrosis of solid tumours, TNF became increasingly important as pro-inflammatory cytokine being involved in the immunopathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. In the liver, TNF induces numerous biological responses such as hepatocyte apoptosis and necroptosis, liver inflammation and regeneration, and autoimmunity, but also progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Considering these multiple functions of TNF in the liver, we propose anti-TNF therapies that specifically target TNF signalling at the level of its specific receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Andrea K Horst
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Albillos A, Martin-Mateos R, Van der Merwe S, Wiest R, Jalan R, Álvarez-Mon M. Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:112-134. [PMID: 34703031 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The term cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) comprises the distinctive spectrum of immune alterations associated with the course of end-stage liver disease. Systemic inflammation and immune deficiency are the key components of CAID. Their severity is highly dynamic and progressive, paralleling cirrhosis stage. CAID involves two different immune phenotypes: the low-grade systemic inflammatory phenotype and the high-grade systemic inflammatory phenotype. The low-grade systemic inflammatory phenotype can be found in patients with compensated disease or clinical decompensation with no organ failure. In this phenotype, there is an exaggerated immune activation but the effector response is not markedly compromised. The high-grade systemic inflammatory phenotype is present in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, a clinical situation characterized by decompensation, organ failure and high short-term mortality. Along with high-grade inflammation, this CAID phenotype includes intense immune paralysis that critically increases the risk of infections and worsens prognosis. The intensity of CAID has important consequences on cirrhosis progression and correlates with the severity of liver insufficiency, bacterial translocation and organ failure. Therapies targeting the modulation of the dysfunctional immune response are currently being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Albillos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa Martin-Mateos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Schalk Van der Merwe
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging (CHROMETA), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reiner Wiest
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Bian L, Chen HG, Gong XJ, Zhao C, Zhou X. Mori Fructus Polysaccharides Attenuate Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage by Regulating Fatty Acid Synthesis, Degradation and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:766737. [PMID: 34744745 PMCID: PMC8569108 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.766737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mori Fructus polysaccharides (MFP) are macromolecules extracted from Mori Fructus (MF), which has the biological activity of anti-liver damage. Our group found that MFP maybe down regulate the serum triglyceride level in mice with alcohol-induced liver damage, suggesting that MFP can regulate lipid metabolism, but its specific mechanism is still not clear. Fifty SPF-ICR male mice weighing 18–22 g were randomly divided into five groups, blank group, model group, bifendate group, MFPA1 group and MFPB1 group. The blood and liver tissues were taken from mice for nontargeted lipidomic analysis and histopathological examination after 7 day’s treatment. The histopathological changes indicated that the normal liver cells were intact and regular, with orderly arrangement and distinct cell boundaries; the liver of model mice showed inflammatory infiltration, ballooning degeneration in the cells and small lipid drops; the liver of mice in the bifendate, MFPA1 and MFPB1 groups showed similar symptoms to those of model mice, but the lesions were less severe and the ballooning degeneration were reduced. Multivariate analysis of all lipids in the serum of five groups of mice showed there were obvious differences in lipid metabolism between the model group and the blank group. At the same time, seven kinds of differential lipids were precisely identified after screening, including prostaglandins, long-chain fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, acyl carnitines. In summary, alcohol intake and MFP intervention have significant effects on fatty acid synthesis, degradation and glycerophospholipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Bian
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hua-Guo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Gong
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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Gopal T, Ai W, Casey CA, Donohue TM, Saraswathi V. A review of the role of ethanol-induced adipose tissue dysfunction in alcohol-associated liver disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1927-1939. [PMID: 34558087 PMCID: PMC9153937 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD) encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases that includes simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The adverse effects of alcohol in liver and the mechanisms by which ethanol (EtOH) promotes liver injury are well studied. Although liver is known to be the primary organ affected by EtOH exposure, alcohol's effects on other organs are also known to contribute significantly to the development of liver injury. It is becoming increasingly evident that adipose tissue (AT) is an important site of EtOH action. Both AT storage and secretory functions are altered by EtOH. For example, AT lipolysis, stimulated by EtOH, contributes to chronic alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis. Adipocytes secrete a wide variety of biologically active molecules known as adipokines. EtOH alters the secretion of these adipokines from AT, which include cytokines and chemokines that exert paracrine effects in liver. In addition, the level of EtOH-metabolizing enzymes, in particular, CYP2E1, rises in the AT of EtOH-fed mice, which promotes oxidative stress and/or inflammation in AT. Thus, AT dysfunction characterized by increased AT lipolysis and free fatty acid mobilization and altered secretion of adipokines can contribute to the severity of AALD. Of note, moderate EtOH exposure results in AT browning and activation of brown adipose tissue which, in turn, can promote thermogenesis. In this review article, we discuss the direct effects of EtOH consumption in AT and the mechanisms by which EtOH impacts the functions of AT, which, in turn, increases the severity of AALD in animal models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiyagarajan Gopal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Weilun Ai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Carol A. Casey
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Viswanathan Saraswathi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
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23
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Bou Saleh M, Louvet A, Ntandja-Wandji LC, Boleslawski E, Gnemmi V, Lassailly G, Truant S, Maggiotto F, Ningarhari M, Artru F, Anglo E, Sancho-Bru P, Corlu A, Argemi J, Dubois-Chevalier J, Dharancy S, Eeckhoute J, Bataller R, Mathurin P, Dubuquoy L. Loss of hepatocyte identity following aberrant YAP activation: A key mechanism in alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 2021; 75:912-923. [PMID: 34129887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a life-threatening disease with limited therapeutic options, as the molecular mechanisms leading to death are not well understood. This study evaluates the Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway which has been shown to play a role in liver regeneration. METHOD The Hippo/YAP pathway was dissected in explants of patients transplanted for AH or alcohol-related cirrhosis and in control livers, using RNA-seq, real-time PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry and transcriptome analysis after laser microdissection. We transfected primary human hepatocytes with constitutively active YAP (YAPS127A) and treated HepaRG cells and primary hepatocytes isolated from AH livers with a YAP inhibitor. We also used mouse models of ethanol exposure (Lieber de Carli) and liver regeneration (carbon tetrachloride) after hepatocyte transduction of YAPS127A. RESULTS In AH samples, RNA-seq analysis and immunohistochemistry of total liver and microdissected hepatocytes revealed marked downregulation of the Hippo pathway, demonstrated by lower levels of active MST1 kinase and abnormal activation of YAP in hepatocytes. Overactivation of YAP in hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo led to biliary differentiation and loss of key biological functions such as regeneration capacity. Conversely, a YAP inhibitor restored the mature hepatocyte phenotype in abnormal hepatocytes taken from patients with AH. In ethanol-fed mice, YAP activation using YAPS127A resulted in a loss of hepatocyte differentiation. Hepatocyte proliferation was hampered by YAPS127A after carbon tetrachloride intoxication. CONCLUSION Aberrant activation of YAP plays an important role in hepatocyte transdifferentiation in AH, through a loss of hepatocyte identity and impaired regeneration. Thus, targeting YAP is a promising strategy for the treatment of patients with AH. LAY SUMMARY Alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by inflammation and a life-threatening alteration of liver regeneration, although the mechanisms behind this have not been identified. Herein, we show that liver samples from patients with alcoholic hepatitis are characterized by profound deregulation of the Hippo/YAP pathway with uncontrolled activation of YAP in hepatocytes. We used human cell and mouse models to show that inhibition of YAP reverts this hepatocyte defect and could be a novel therapeutic strategy for alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bou Saleh
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Louvet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Line Carolle Ntandja-Wandji
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Boleslawski
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Viviane Gnemmi
- CHU Lille, Service d'Anatomopathologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Lassailly
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Truant
- CHU Lille, Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Transplantations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François Maggiotto
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Massih Ningarhari
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Florent Artru
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Anglo
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne Corlu
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Josepmaria Argemi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Pittsburgh Liver Research Center. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie Dubois-Chevalier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Dharancy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Eeckhoute
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Pittsburgh Liver Research Center. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Kessoku T, Kobayashi T, Tanaka K, Yamamoto A, Takahashi K, Iwaki M, Ozaki A, Kasai Y, Nogami A, Honda Y, Ogawa Y, Kato S, Imajo K, Higurashi T, Hosono K, Yoneda M, Usuda H, Wada K, Saito S, Nakajima A. The Role of Leaky Gut in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Novel Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158161. [PMID: 34360923 PMCID: PMC8347478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver directly accepts blood from the gut and is, therefore, exposed to intestinal bacteria. Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between gut bacteria and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Approximately 10–20% of NAFLD patients develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and endotoxins produced by Gram-negative bacilli may be involved in NAFLD pathogenesis. NAFLD hyperendotoxicemia has intestinal and hepatic factors. The intestinal factors include impaired intestinal barrier function (leaky gut syndrome) and dysbiosis due to increased abundance of ethanol-producing bacteria, which can change endogenous alcohol concentrations. The hepatic factors include hyperleptinemia, which is associated with an excessive response to endotoxins, leading to intrahepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Clinically, the relationship between gut bacteria and NAFLD has been targeted in some randomized controlled trials of probiotics and other agents, but the results have been inconsistent. A recent randomized, placebo-controlled study explored the utility of lubiprostone, a treatment for constipation, in restoring intestinal barrier function and improving the outcomes of NAFLD patients, marking a new phase in the development of novel therapies targeting the intestinal barrier. This review summarizes recent data from studies in animal models and randomized clinical trials on the role of the gut–liver axis in NAFLD pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-787-2640; Fax: +81-45-784-3546
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Kota Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Anna Ozaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Yuki Kasai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Shingo Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Takuma Higurashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Kunihiro Hosono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Haruki Usuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enyacho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.U.); (K.W.)
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enyacho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.U.); (K.W.)
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.K.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (S.K.); (K.I.); (T.H.); (K.H.); (M.Y.); (S.S.); (A.N.)
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Al-Salihi M, Bornikoel A, Zhuang Y, Stachura P, Scheller J, Lang KS, Lang PA. The role of ADAM17 during liver damage. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1115-1128. [PMID: 34192832 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17 is a membrane bound protease, involved in the cleavage and thus regulation of various membrane proteins, which are critical during liver injury. Among ADAM17 substrates are tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 (TNFR1, TNFR2), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands amphiregulin (AR) and heparin-binding-EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) and the receptor for a hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), c-Met. TNFα and its binding receptors can promote liver injury by inducing apoptosis and necroptosis in liver cells. Consistently, hepatocyte specific deletion of ADAM17 resulted in increased liver cell damage following CD95 stimulation. IL-6 trans-signaling is critical for liver regeneration and can alleviate liver damage. EGFR ligands can prevent liver damage and deletion of amphiregulin and HB-EGF can result in increased hepatocyte death and reduced proliferation. All of which indicates that ADAM17 has a central role in liver injury and recovery from it. Furthermore, inactive rhomboid proteins (iRhom) are involved in the trafficking and maturation of ADAM17 and have been linked to liver damage. Taken together, ADAM17 can contribute in a complex way to liver damage and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin Al-Salihi
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Anna Bornikoel
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pawel Stachura
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Thapa K, Grewal AS, Kanojia N, Rani L, Sharma N, Singh S. Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Liver Diseases: Promising Molecular Drug Targets and their Clinical Development. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:333-353. [PMID: 31965945 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200121143959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases have become a serious concern worldwide. Both these liver diseases have an identical pathology, starting from simple steatosis to cirrhosis and, ultimately to hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment options for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are still the same as they were 50 years ago which include corticosteroids, pentoxifylline, antioxidants, nutritional support and abstinence; and for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), weight loss, insulin sensitizers, lipid-lowering agents and anti-oxidants are the only treatment options. Despite broad research in understanding the disease pathophysiology, limited treatments are available for clinical use. Some therapeutic strategies based on targeting a specific molecule have been developed to lessen the consequences of disease and are under clinical investigation. Therefore, focus on multiple molecular targets will help develop an efficient therapeutic strategy. This review comprises a brief overview of the pathogenesis of ALD and NAFLD; recent molecular drug targets explored for ALD and NAFLD that may prove to be effective for multiple therapeutic regimens and also the clinical status of these promising drug targets for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Thapa
- Chitkara University School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajmer Singh Grewal
- Chitkara University School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Lata Rani
- Chitkara University School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Liu SX, Du YC, Zeng T. A mini-review of the rodent models for alcoholic liver disease: shortcomings, application, and future prospects. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:523-530. [PMID: 34141166 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents are the most common models in studies of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Although several rodents ALD models have been established and multiple mechanisms have been elucidated based on them, these models have some non-negligible shortcomings, specifically only inducing early stage (mainly steatosis, slight to moderate steatohepatitis) but not the whole spectrum of human ALD. The resistance of rodents to advanced ALD has been suggested to be due to the physiological differences between rodents and human beings. Previous studies have reported significant interstrain differences in the susceptibility to ethanol-induced liver injury and in the manifestation of ALD (such as different alteration of lipid profiles). Therefore, it would be interesting to characterize the manifestation of ethanol-induced liver damage in various rodents, which may provide a recommendation to investigators of ALD. Furthermore, more severe ALD models need to be established for the study of serious ALD forms, which may be achieved by using genetic modified rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xuan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yan-Chao Du
- Jinan Institute for Product Quality Inspection, 1311 Longao Bei Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250102, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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Kim W, Jeong HS, Kim SC, Choi CH, Lee KH. Chronic Alcohol Exposure of Cells Using Controlled Alcohol-Releasing Capillaries. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051120. [PMID: 34066517 PMCID: PMC8148542 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is one of the main causes of liver diseases such as fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. To reproduce the conditions of alcohol-induced liver diseases and to identify the disease-causing mechanisms at the cellular level, several methods have been used to expose the cells to ethanol. As ethanol evaporates easily, it is difficult to mimic chronic alcohol exposure conditions at the cellular level. In this study, we developed a glass capillary system containing ethanol, which could steadily release ethanol from the polyethylene tubing and hydrogel portion at both sides of the capillary. The ethanol-containing capillary could release ethanol in the cell culture medium for up to 144 h, and the concentration of ethanol in the cell culture medium could be adjusted by controlling the number of capillaries. A long-term exposure to ethanol by the capillary system led to an increased toxicity of cells and altered the cellular physiologies, such as increasing the lipid accumulation and hepatic transaminase release in cells, as compared to the traditional direct ethanol addition method. Ethanol capillaries showed different gene expression patterns of lipid accumulation- or chronic alcoholism-related genes. Our results suggest that our ethanol-containing capillary system can be used as a valuable tool for studying the mechanism of chronic alcohol-mediated hepatic diseases at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanil Kim
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, Hanuidae-ro 1, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (W.K.); (H.-S.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Jeong
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, Hanuidae-ro 1, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (W.K.); (H.-S.J.)
| | - Sang-Chan Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Hanuidae-ro 1, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Chang-Hyung Choi
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, Hanuidae-ro 1, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (W.K.); (H.-S.J.)
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Kyung-Ha Lee
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, Hanuidae-ro 1, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (W.K.); (H.-S.J.)
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (K.-H.L.)
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Gubernatorova EO, Polinova AI, Petropavlovskiy MM, Namakanova OA, Medvedovskaya AD, Zvartsev RV, Telegin GB, Drutskaya MS, Nedospasov SA. Dual Role of TNF and LTα in Carcinogenesis as Implicated by Studies in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1775. [PMID: 33917839 PMCID: PMC8068266 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin alpha (LTα) are two related cytokines from the TNF superfamily, yet they mediate their functions in soluble and membrane-bound forms via overlapping, as well as distinct, molecular pathways. Their genes are encoded within the major histocompatibility complex class III cluster in close proximity to each other. TNF is involved in host defense, maintenance of lymphoid tissues, regulation of cell death and survival, and antiviral and antibacterial responses. LTα, known for some time as TNFβ, has pleiotropic functions including control of lymphoid tissue development and homeostasis cross talk between lymphocytes and their environment, as well as lymphoid tissue neogenesis with formation of lymphoid follicles outside the lymph nodes. Along with their homeostatic functions, deregulation of these two cytokines may be associated with initiation and progression of chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge concerning TNF/LTα functions in tumor promotion and suppression, with the focus on the recently uncovered significance of host-microbiota interplay in cancer development that may explain some earlier controversial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina O. Gubernatorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Almina I. Polinova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail M. Petropavlovskiy
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Namakanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra D. Medvedovskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ruslan V. Zvartsev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgij B. Telegin
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh, RAS), 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Marina S. Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.P.); (M.M.P.); (O.A.N.); (A.D.M.); (R.V.Z.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, 354340 Krasnodarsky Krai, Russia
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Wang X, Chang X, Zhan H, Li C, Zhang Q, Li S, Sun Y. Curcumin combined with Baicalin attenuated ethanol-induced hepatitis by suppressing p38 MAPK and TSC1/ eIF-2α/ATF4 pathways in rats. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Tang XH, Melis M, Mai K, Gudas LJ, Trasino SE. Fenretinide Improves Intestinal Barrier Function and Mitigates Alcohol Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:630557. [PMID: 33815111 PMCID: PMC8012525 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.630557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of liver-related mortality globally, yet there remains an unmet demand for approved ALD drugs. The pathogenesis of ALD involves perturbations to the intestinal barrier and subsequent translocation of bacterial endotoxin that, acting through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), promotes hepatic inflammation and progression of ALD. In the present study we investigated the ability of fenretinide (Fen) [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide], a synthetic retinoid with known anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties, to modulate intestinal permeability and clinical hallmarks of ALD in a mouse model of chronic ethanol (EtOH) exposure. Our results show that EtOH-treated mice had reductions in mRNA and protein expression of intestinal tight junction proteins, including claudin one and occludin, and increases in intestinal permeability and endotoxemia compared to pair-fed mice. Also, EtOH-treated mice had marked increases in hepatic steatosis, liver injury, and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, and TLR4-positive macrophages, Kupffer cells, and hepatocytes in the intestines and liver, respectively. In contrast, EtOH + Fen-treated mice were resistant to the effects of EtOH on promoting intestinal permeability and had higher intestinal protein levels of claudin one and occludin. Also, EtOH + Fen-treated mice had significantly lower plasma levels of endotoxin, and reductions in expression of TNF-α and TLR4 positive macrophages, Kupffer cells, and hepatocytes in the intestine and liver. Lastly, we found that EtOH + Fen-treated mice exhibited major reductions in hepatic triglycerides, steatosis, and liver injury compared to EtOH-treated mice. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that Fen possesses anti-ALD properties, potentially through modulation of the intestinal barrier function, endotoxemia, and TLR4-mediated inflammation. These data warrant further pre-clinical investigations of Fen as a potential anti-ALD drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marta Melis
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Karen Mai
- Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Steven E Trasino
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.,Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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Grander C, Schaefer B, Schwärzler J, Grabherr F, de Graaf DM, Enrich B, Oberhuber G, Mayr L, Sangineto M, Jaschke N, Adolph TE, Effenberger M, Moschen AR, Dinarello CA, Zoller H, Tilg H. Alpha-1 antitrypsin governs alcohol-related liver disease in mice and humans. Gut 2021; 70:585-594. [PMID: 32699098 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a global healthcare problem with limited treatment options. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT, encoded by SERPINA1) shows potent anti-inflammatory activities in many preclinical and clinical trials. In our study, we aimed to explore the role of AAT in ALD. DESIGN An unselected cohort of 512 patients with cirrhosis was clinically characterised. Survival, clinical and biochemical parameters including AAT serum concentration were compared between patients with ALD and other aetiologies of liver disease. The role of AAT was evaluated in experimental ALD models. RESULTS Cirrhotic ALD patients with AAT serum concentrations less than 120 mg/dL had a significantly higher risk for death/liver transplantation as compared with patients with AAT serum concentrations higher than 120 mg/dL. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that low AAT serum concentration was a NaMELD-independent predictor of survival/transplantation. Ethanol-fed wild-type (wt) mice displayed a significant decline in hepatic AAT compared with pair-fed mice. Therefore, hAAT-Tg mice were ethanol-fed, and these mice displayed protection from liver injury associated with decreased steatosis, hepatic neutrophil infiltration and abated expression of proinflammatory cytokines. To test the therapeutic capability of AAT, ethanol-fed wt mice were treated with human AAT. Administration of AAT ameliorated hepatic injury, neutrophil infiltration and steatosis. CONCLUSION Cirrhotic ALD patients with AAT concentrations less than 120 mg/dL displayed an increased risk for death/liver transplantation. Both hAAT-Tg mice and AAT-treated wt animals showed protection from ethanol-induced liver injury. AAT could reflect a treatment option for human ALD, especially for alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benedikt Schaefer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian Schwärzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dennis M de Graaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Barbara Enrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Oberhuber
- INNPATH, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Moris Sangineto
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikolai Jaschke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Effenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander R Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Yang J, Xu L, Wu M, Fang H, Lu Y, Shi C, Wang Y, Jiang S, Ma Q, Li Z, Zhang L, Zhang L. Paeonol derivative-6 attenuates inflammation by activating ZEB2 in acute liver injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107235. [PMID: 33326919 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Paeonol is a natural phenolic compound and isolated as an active ingredient from Moutan Cortex. Paeonol derivative-6 (DPF-6) is a derivative of paeonol improved in water solubility and bioavailability. Previous studies have reported that paeonol possesses a variety of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, we have previously verified that DPF-6 has anti-inflammatory effects. However, the role and fundamental mechanism of DPF-6 in acute liver injury (ALI) was still unclear. In this study, we indicated that DPF-6 inhibited inflammation and the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in liver tissues and LPS-mediated L-02 cells, concomitant with the upregulated expression of ZEB2. More importantly, it was demonstrated that overexpression of ZEB2 inhibited the expression level of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in LPS-mediated L-02 cells. In contrast, knockdown of ZEB2 increased the expression level of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in LPS-mediated L-02 cells. Further studies showed that ZEB2 inhibited the inflammation cytokine secretion via JNK signaling pathway in L-02 cells. Taken together, all the above results indicate that DPF-6 increased the expression of ZEB2, consequently inhibited inflammation cytokine secretion through JNK signaling pathway, which may be utilized as a potential anti-inflammation monomeric compound in the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfa Yang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Meifei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yuchen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | | | - Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shaowei Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical Unversity, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- The Second Hosipital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Forouzanfar F, Guest PC, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Hepatoprotective Effect of Trehalose: Insight into Its Mechanisms of Action. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1328:489-500. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Microbiota reprogramming for treatment of alcohol-related liver disease. Transl Res 2020; 226:26-38. [PMID: 32687975 PMCID: PMC7572584 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade knowledge has expanded regarding the importance of the gut microbiota in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and overall health. During this same time, we have also gained appreciation for the role of the gut-liver axis in the development of liver diseases. Alcohol overconsumption is one of the leading causes of liver failure globally. However, not all people with alcohol use disorder progress to advanced stages of liver disease. With advances in technology to investigate the gut microbiome and metabolome, we are now beginning to delineate alcohol's effects on the gut microbiome in relation to liver disease. This review presents our current understanding on the role of the gut microbiota during alcohol exposure, and various therapeutic attempts that have been made to reprogram the gut microbiota with the goal of alleviating alcoholic-related liver disease.
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Gururani R, Patel S, Yaduvanshi N, Dwivedi J, Paliwal S, Sharma S. Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) merr: An insight into phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113122. [PMID: 32730871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr. commonly known as ananthamool is a climbing perennial plant which is widely used in Indian traditional medicine. T. indica exhibits diverse range of pharmacological activities viz. antiasthmatic, antidiarrheal, anticancer, antiarthritic, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: Present review aims to grant an up-to-date insight into the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of T. indica, exploring its future research and opportunities. MATERIAL AND METHODS Comprehensive information regarding T. indica was collected using the keywords Tylophora indica or Indian ipecac or ananthamool in various electronic databases ACS, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, SciFinder, Web of Science, Springer Link and Wiley. In addition, some books and book chapters were also consulted. RESULTS T. indica has been traditionally used in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka in the form of various preparations like powder, decoction, pulp, paste and extract alone or in combination with other herbs against various ailments like skin disorders, inflammation, cough, asthma, diarrhea, cancer, microbial infections etc. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on T. indica revealed its potential as antiasthmatic, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiarrheal agent etc. A diverse range of phytochemical constituents have been isolated and identified from T. indica namely alkaloids (Tylophorine, Tylophorinine, Tylophorinidine), flavonoids (Kaempferol & Quercetin) terpenoids (α-Amyrin & β-Amyrin) and sterols (β-sitosetrol). Amongst which phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids isolated from roots and leaves are largely explored and considered to be the most active constituent of plant. CONCLUSION Present review provides an insight into botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of T. indica. As an important traditional Indian medicine, few ethnobotanicals use of T. indica have been supported by modern pharmacological studies, especially in asthma, cancer and inflammation. Among compounds from various phytochemical classes, phenanthoindolizidine alkaloids namely tylophorine and tylophorinidine alkaloids have been considered as bioactive components of the plant and widely investigated. However, further identification, isolation and quantification employing some advanced hyphenated techniques viz. LC-MS/MS, LC-NMR to discover new pharmacologically active phytoconstituents in the management of different diseases. Several investigators have highlighted possible therapeutic roles of T. indica extracts and isolated compounds. Moreover, information about various aspects of T. indica pertaining to phytochemistry, toxicology and quality control are still unresolved. Further in-depth studies are required to discover key features viz. structure activity relationships, mode of action, safety and toxicity and therapeutic potentials T. indica in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Gururani
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Saraswati Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Neetu Yaduvanshi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
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Fox HC, Milivojevic V, MacDougall A, LaVallee H, Simpson C, Angarita GA, Sinha R. Stress-related suppression of peripheral cytokines predicts future relapse in alcohol-dependent individuals with and without subclinical depression. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12832. [PMID: 31736187 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol abuse and depressive symptoms are both associated with peripheral cytokine changes. Despite this, cytokine adaptations have not been assessed in co-morbid populations or prospectively as predictors of relapse. We examine cytokine responses to stress in alcohol-dependent individuals and social drinkers, both with and without subclinical depression. We also examine the potential link between cytokine adaptations in response to stress and prospective alcohol relapse risk. Thirty-three, alcohol-dependent individuals (21 with and 12 without high depressive symptoms) and 37 controls (16 with and 21 without high depressive symptoms) were exposed to two 5-minute personalized guided imagery conditions (stress and neutral) across consecutive days in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Alcohol craving and serum measures of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) were collected prior to and following imagery exposure. Following treatment discharge, follow-up interviews were conducted over 90 days to assess relapse. Dampened IL-1ra and IL-6 in response to stress was observed as a function of alcohol dependence and not moderated by depressive symptoms. Lower levels of IL-6 following stress also predicted greater drinking days following treatment. Conversely, high depressive symptomatology was associated solely with pro-inflammatory adaptations. Stress-related suppression of TNFα predicted drinking severity only in alcohol-dependent individuals with subclinical depression, and suppressed TNFR1 following stress was only seen in individuals with subclinical depression. Stress-induced suppression of pro-inflammatory TNF markers may indicate a risk factor for alcohol-dependent individuals with co-occurring depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C. Fox
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - Verica Milivojevic
- The Yale Stress Center, Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
| | - Alicia MacDougall
- The Yale Stress Center, Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
| | - Heather LaVallee
- The Yale Stress Center, Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
| | - Christine Simpson
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
| | - Gustavo A. Angarita
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, The Connecticut Mental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- The Yale Stress Center, Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
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cAMP Signaling in Pathobiology of Alcohol Associated Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101433. [PMID: 33050657 PMCID: PMC7600246 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in cellular responses to extracellular signals is well established. Many years after discovery, our understanding of the intricacy of cAMP signaling has improved dramatically. Multiple layers of regulation exist to ensure the specificity of cellular cAMP signaling. Hence, disturbances in cAMP homeostasis could arise at multiple levels, from changes in G protein coupled receptors and production of cAMP to the rate of degradation by phosphodiesterases. cAMP signaling plays critical roles in metabolism, inflammation and development of fibrosis in several tissues. Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a multifactorial condition ranging from a simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis, which might lead to hepatocellular cancer. To date, there is no FDA-approved therapy for ALD. Hence, identifying the targets for the treatment of ALD is an important undertaking. Several human studies have reported the changes in cAMP homeostasis in relation to alcohol use disorders. cAMP signaling has also been extensively studied in in vitro and in vivo models of ALD. This review focuses on the role of cAMP in the pathobiology of ALD with emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting cAMP signaling for the treatment of various stages of ALD.
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Robinson KE, Shah VH. Pathogenesis and pathways: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease & alcoholic liver disease. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5:49. [PMID: 33073044 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) account for the majority of hepatic morbidity and deaths due to cirrhosis in the United States. ALD is an umbrella term for a number of conditions linked to excessive alcohol consumption including simple steatosis, cirrhosis, acute alcoholic hepatitis (AH) with or without cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a complication of cirrhosis. Although it presents with histological features resembling alcohol-induced liver injury, NAFLD occurs in patients with little or no history of alcohol consumption. NAFLD is a broad-spectrum term used to describe anything from fat accumulation in hepatocytes without inflammation or fibrosis (simple hepatic steatosis) to hepatic steatosis with a necroinflammatory component (steatohepatitis) with or without associated fibrosis. The pathogenesis is not fully understood for either disease. Development of severe liver disease is highly variable amongst chronic abusers of alcohol. Sex, age, genetics, host microbiome, and behavior are all factors linked to the development of ALD. These factors also contribute to NAFLD, but by contrast, insulin resistance is widely believed to be the main driver of nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis. The mechanism behind the transition from nonalcoholic steatosis to steatohepatitis remains a matter of debate with insulin resistance, oxidative injury, hepatic iron, gut hormones, antioxidant deficiency, and host microbiome all suspected to play part of the role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E Robinson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Arteel GE. Liver-lung axes in alcohol-related liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 26:670-676. [PMID: 33053938 PMCID: PMC7641553 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and alcohol-related susceptibility to acute lung injury are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality due to chronic alcohol abuse. Most commonly, alcohol-induced injury to both organs are evaluated independently, although they share many parallel mechanisms of injury. Moreover, recent studies indicate that there is a potential liver lung axis that may contribute to organ pathology. This mini-review explores established and potential mechanisms of organ-organ crosstalk in ALD and alcohol-related lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin E. Arteel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Dasarathy S, Mitchell MC, Barton B, McClain CJ, Szabo G, Nagy LE, Radaeva S, McCullough AJ. Design and rationale of a multicenter defeat alcoholic steatohepatitis trial: (DASH) randomized clinical trial to treat alcohol-associated hepatitis. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 96:106094. [PMID: 32739495 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Despite high mortality of alcohol-associated hepatitis, there has been limited advancement in treatment strategies. Defeat Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (DASH) is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled trial whose primary objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel combination of 3 drugs targeting different perturbations in AH. METHODS Severe AH was diagnosed by liver biopsy or clinical and biochemical criteria and model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score ≥ 20 stratified by MELD scores (20-25 and ≥ 26) and randomized to a combination of an interleukin receptor 1 antagonist, Anakinra(100 mg daily for 14 days) to suppress acute inflammation, pentoxifylline (400 mg three times a day for 28 days) to prevent hepatorenal syndrome, and zinc sulfate (220 mg orally once daily for 6 months) or the standard of care therapy including methylprednisolone 32 mg orally once daily for 28 days. The primary efficacy outcome was the unadjusted log-rank test of the Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for the two treatment groups at 180 days. RESULTS Between July 2012 to March 2018, 500 subjects with severe AH were screened of which 104 subjects were enrolled with MELD score of 25.6 ± 3.2 (20.0-35.0) in the investigational arm and 25.8 ± 4.5 (20.0-40.0) in the standard of care arm. Causes of screen failures included not meeting eligibility criteria (n = 347), declining to participate (n = 39), and other reasons (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS Data from the DASH consortium studies will determine if a combination of drugs targeting multiple mechanisms of injury in the severe AH will improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Harvard Medical School & Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA
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Eguchi A, Yan R, Pan SQ, Wu R, Kim J, Chen Y, Ansong C, Smith RD, Tempaku M, Ohno-Machado L, Takei Y, Feldstein AE, Tsukamoto H. Comprehensive characterization of hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles identifies direct miRNA-based regulation of hepatic stellate cells and DAMP-based hepatic macrophage IL-1β and IL-17 upregulation in alcoholic hepatitis mice. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1021-1034. [PMID: 32556367 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01926-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been growingly recognized as biomarkers and mediators of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in human and mice. Here we characterized hepatocyte-derived EVs (HC-EVs) and their cargo for their biological functions in a novel murine model that closely resembles liver pathology observed in patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH), the most severe spectrum of ALD. The numbers of circulating EVs and HC-EVs were significantly increased by 10-fold in AH mice compared with control mice. The miRNA (miR)-seq analysis detected 20 upregulated and 4 downregulated miRNAs (P < 0.001-0.05) in AH-HC-EVs. Treatment of murine primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) with AH-HC-EVs induced α-SMA (P < 0.05) and Col1a1 (P < 0.001). Smad7 and Nr1d2 genes, which were downregulated in HSCs from the AH mice, were predicted targets of 20 miRs upregulated in AH-HC-EVs. Among them were miR-27a and miR-181 which upon transfection in HSCs, indeed repressed Nr1d2, the quiescent HSC marker. AH-HC-EVs were also enriched with organelle proteins and mitochondrial DNA (10-fold, P < 0.05) and upregulated IL-1β and IL-17 production by hepatic macrophages (HMs) from AH mice in a TLR9-dependent manner. These results demonstrate HC-EV release is intensified in AH and suggest that AH-HC-EVs orchestrate liver fibrogenesis by directly targeting the quiescent HSC transcripts via a unique set of miRNAs and by amplifying HSC activation via DAMP-based induction of profibrogenic IL-1β and IL-17 by HMs. KEY MESSAGES: • Circulating EVs and HC-EVs were increased in AH mice compared with control mice • AH-HC-EVs were enriched in miRNAs, organelle proteins, and mitochondrial DNA • AH-HC-EVs increased cytokine production by AH-HMs in a TLR9-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- JST, PRETO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Rui Yan
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, MMR-402, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Stephanie Q Pan
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, MMR-402, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Raymond Wu
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, MMR-402, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yibu Chen
- Bioinformatics Services, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
| | - Charles Ansong
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Mina Tempaku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Lucila Ohno-Machado
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiyuki Takei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, MMR-402, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced liver disease. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 327:109176. [PMID: 32534989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a progressively aggravated liver disease with high incidence in alcoholics. Ethanol-induced fat accumulation and the subsequent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-driven inflammation bring liver from reversible steatosis, to irreversible hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors and plays pivotal roles in the regulation of fatty acid homeostasis as well as the inflammation control in the liver. It has been well documented that PPARα activity and/or expression are downregulated in liver of mice exposed to ethanol, which is thought to be one of the prime contributors to ethanol-induced steatosis, hepatitis and fibrosis. This article summarizes the current evidences from in vitro and animal models for the critical roles of PPARα in the onset and progression of ALD. Importantly, it should be noted that the expression of PPARα in human liver is reported to be similar to that in mice, and PPARα expression is downregulated in the liver of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a disease sharing many similarities with ALD. Therefore, clinical trials investigating the expression of PPARα in the liver of ALD patients and the efficacy of strong PPARα agonists for the prevention and treatment of ALD are warranted.
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Cheng W, Meng W, Gu Y. Metalloprotease Adam10 inhibition mitigates acute liver injury via repression of intrahepatic inflammation. Minerva Med 2020; 113:506-512. [PMID: 32512977 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.20.06655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver injury (ALI) is associated with the occurrence and progress of intrahepatic inflammation. Recent studies have shown that Adam10, a significant member of metalloproteinase family, has modulated the inflammation level in various neurologic diseases. However, it is elusive whether Adam10 regulation exert a hepatic protective effect on ALI by the suppression of inflammation level. The study aimed to explore the regulated function of Adam10 on acute liver injury. METHODS C57BL/6J mice (eight-week-old, male) were carried out intraperitoneal injection of tetrachloromethane (CTC) to provoke ALI. Adam 10 loaded in Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV-Adam 10) or short hairpin RNA loaded in lentivirus aimed at murine Adam 10 mRNA (sh-RNA-Adam 10) were respectively delivered to mice via tail intravenous injection to achieve overexpression or silence of Adam 10. Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immumohistochemical (IHC) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were conducted to measure Adam 10 alteration, inflammation level, histology and liver function. RESULTS We show that the expression of Adam 10 markedly increases in CTC-induced injured liver tissues. Moreover, we demonstrate that the knockdown of Adam 10 attenuates the intrahepatic inflammation and protects hepatic histology and function in ALI mice, however the overexpression of Adam10 aggravates inflammation and liver lesion. CONCLUSIONS The above suggested that the inhibition of Adam 10 ameliorates ALI through inhibiting inflammation. Our research provides novel view on the Adam 10 modulation of process of ALI by the inflammation aspect and verify a potential target for the therapy of ALI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Cheng
- Departments of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Yihai Gu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China -
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Choi BR, Cho IJ, Jung SJ, Kim JK, Park SM, Lee DG, Ku SK, Park KM. Lemon balm and dandelion leaf extract synergistically alleviate ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13232. [PMID: 32497278 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of a 2:1 (w/w) mixture of lemon balm and dandelion extracts (LD) on ethanol (EtOH)-mediated liver injury and explored the underlying mechanisms. Administration of LD synergistically reduced relative liver weight and decreased the levels of serum biomarkers of hepatic injury. Histopathological and biochemical analyses indicated that LD synergistically attenuated hepatic accumulation of triacylglycerides (TGs) and restored the levels of mRNAs related to fatty acid metabolism. In addition, LD significantly reduced EtOH-induced hepatic oxidative stress by attenuating the reduction in levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA and enhancing antioxidant activity. Moreover, LD decreased the EtOH-mediated increase in levels of hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA. In vitro, LD significantly scavenged free radicals, increased cell viability against tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP), and transactivated Nrf2 target genes in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, LD decreased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. Therefore, LD shows promise for preventing EtOH-mediated liver injury. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: There were no approved therapeutic agents for preventing and/or treating alcoholic liver diseases. In this study, a 2:1 (w/w) mixture of lemon balm and dandelion leaf extract (DL) synergistically ameliorated EtOH-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Our findings will enable the development of a novel food supplement for the prevention or treatment of alcohol-mediated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Rak Choi
- Department of Foodscience and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Nutracore Co., Ltd, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mi Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Geon Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Moon Park
- Department of Foodscience and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Liu Q, Liu Q, Lei X, Cao Z, Zhang J, Kuang T, Liu G, Fang Y, Qian K, Fu J, Du H, Yan L, Xiao Z, Li C, Xu X. Protective effect of oil from Cornus wilsoniana fruits against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. Food Nutr Res 2020. [DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.4205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Tang KT, Dufour JF, Chen PH, Hernaez R, Hutfless S. Antitumour necrosis factor-α agents and development of new-onset cirrhosis or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a retrospective cohort. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2020; 7:e000349. [PMID: 32377366 PMCID: PMC7199652 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2019-000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Elevated tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α has been implicated in the progression of liver fibrosis and pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aim to investigate the impact of anti-TNF-α agents on the development of cirrhosis and NAFLD. Design This retrospective cohort study used a US claims database between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016. We identified adult patients with ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriatic arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-TNF-α agents of interest included adalimumab, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab and infliximab. The primary composite outcome was the development of new-onset cirrhosis, NAFLD or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The secondary outcomes were the development of (1) cirrhosis and (2) NAFLD or NASH. Propensity score for anti-TNF-α agent use was generated by logistic regression. Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for the propensity score were used with regard to time-varying anti-TNF-α agent exposure. Results This study included 226 555 incident patients with immune-related diseases. During the median 1.5 years follow-up, there was an increased hazard with anti-TNF-α agent use in regard to liver outcomes (composite outcome HR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.70; cirrhosis HR 1.47, 95% CI 0.96 to 2.23; NAFLD or NASH HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.77). The composite outcome hazard was increased for each immune-related disease (HR 1.25–1.90). Conclusion In the short term, we did not observe a beneficial effect of anti-TNF-α agent use for development of cirrhosis, NAFLD or NASH in patients with immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Tung Tang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Po-Hung Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruben Hernaez
- Section of Gastroenterology, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan Hutfless
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Hyun J, Sun Z, Ahmadi AR, Bangru S, Chembazhi UV, Du K, Chen T, Tsukamoto H, Rusyn I, Kalsotra A, Diehl AM. Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 2-mediated alternative splicing reprograms hepatocytes in severe alcoholic hepatitis. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2129-2145. [PMID: 31945016 PMCID: PMC7108908 DOI: 10.1172/jci132691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) is a deadly liver disease without an effective medical therapy. Although SAH mortality is known to correlate with hepatic accumulation of immature liver cells, why this occurs and how it causes death are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that expression of epithelial splicing regulatory protein 2 (ESRP2), an RNA-splicing factor that maintains the nonproliferative, mature phenotype of adult hepatocytes, was suppressed in both human SAH and various mouse models of SAH in parallel with the severity of alcohol consumption and liver damage. Inflammatory cytokines released by excessive alcohol ingestion reprogrammed adult hepatocytes into proliferative, fetal-like cells by suppressing ESRP2. Sustained loss of ESRP2 permitted reemergence of a fetal RNA-splicing program that attenuates the Hippo signaling pathway and thus allows fetal transcriptional regulators to accumulate in adult liver. We further showed that depleting ESRP2 in mice exacerbated alcohol-induced steatohepatitis, enabling surviving hepatocytes to shed adult hepatocyte functions and become more regenerative, but threatening overall survival by populating the liver with functionally immature hepatocytes. Our findings revealed a mechanism that explains why liver failure develops in patients with the clinical syndrome of SAH, suggesting that recovery from SAH might be improved by limiting adult-to-fetal reprogramming in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Hyun
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Regeneration Next, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN) and College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ali Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sushant Bangru
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ullas V. Chembazhi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and
| | - Kuo Du
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Auinash Kalsotra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Inflammation in Primary and Metastatic Liver Tumorigenesis-Under the Influence of Alcohol and High-Fat Diets. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040933. [PMID: 32230953 PMCID: PMC7230665 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays an outsized role in oncology. Liver tumors are one of the most frequently found tumors in cancer patients and these arise from either primary or metastatic disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer and the 6th most common cancer type overall, is expected to become the 3rd leading cause of cancer mortality in the US by the year 2030. The liver is also the most common site of distant metastasis from solid tumors. For instance, colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasizes to the liver in two-thirds of cases, and CRC liver metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in these patients. The interplay between inflammation and cancer is unmistakably evident in the liver. In nearly every case, HCC is diagnosed in chronic liver disease (CLD) and cirrhosis background. The consumption of a Western-style high-fat diet is a major risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), both of which are becoming more prevalent in parallel with the obesity epidemic. Excessive alcohol intake also contributes significantly to the CLD burden in the form of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Inflammation is a key component in the development of all CLDs. Additionally, during the development of liver metastasis, pro-inflammatory signaling is crucial in eliminating invading cancer cells but ironically also helps foster a pro-metastatic environment that supports metastatic seeding and colonization. Here we review how Westernized high-fat diets and excessive alcohol intake can influence inflammation within the liver microenvironment, stimulating both primary and metastatic liver tumorigenesis.
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Gala KS, Vatsalya V. Emerging Noninvasive Biomarkers, and Medical Management Strategies for Alcoholic Hepatitis: Present Understanding and Scope. Cells 2020; 9:E524. [PMID: 32106390 PMCID: PMC7140524 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is associated with a wide array of hepatic pathologies ranging from steatosis to alcoholic-related cirrhosis (AC), alcoholic hepatitis (AH), or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Biomarkers are categorized into two main categories: biomarkers associated with alcohol consumption and biomarkers of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). No ideal biomarker has been identified to quantify the degree of hepatocyte death or severity of AH, even though numerous biomarkers have been associated with AH. This review provides information of some of the novel and latest biomarkers that are being investigated and have shown a substantial association with the degree and severity of liver injury and inflammation. Importantly, they can be measured noninvasively. In this manuscript, we consolidate the present understanding and prospects of these biomarkers; and their application in assessing the severity and progression of the alcoholic liver disease (ALD). We also review current and upcoming management options for AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo S. Gala
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; USA
| | - Vatsalya Vatsalya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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