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Sharma B, Torres MM, Rodriguez S, Gangwani L, Kumar S. MicroRNA-502-3p regulates GABAergic synapse function in hippocampal neurons. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2698-2707. [PMID: 38595288 PMCID: PMC11168514 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202412000-00026/figure1/v/2024-04-08T165401Z/r/image-tiff Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons, the most abundant inhibitory neurons in the human brain, have been found to be reduced in many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementia. Our previous study identified the upregulation of microRNA-502-3p (miR-502-3p) and downregulation of GABA type A receptor subunit α-1 in Alzheimer's disease synapses. This study investigated a new molecular relationship between miR-502-3p and GABAergic synapse function. In vitro studies were performed using the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 and miR-502-3p agomiRs and antagomiRs. In silico analysis identified multiple binding sites of miR-502-3p at GABA type A receptor subunit α-1 mRNA. Luciferase assay confirmed that miR-502-3p targets the GABA type A receptor subunit α-1 gene and suppresses the luciferase activity. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, miRNA in situ hybridization, immunoblotting, and immunostaining analysis confirmed that overexpression of miR-502-3p reduced the GABA type A receptor subunit α-1 level, while suppression of miR-502-3p increased the level of GABA type A receptor subunit α-1 protein. Notably, as a result of the overexpression of miR-502-3p, cell viability was found to be reduced, and the population of necrotic cells was found to be increased. The whole cell patch-clamp analysis of human-GABA receptor A-α1/β3/γ2L human embryonic kidney (HEK) recombinant cell line also showed that overexpression of miR-502-3p reduced the GABA current and overall GABA function, suggesting a negative correlation between miR-502-3p levels and GABAergic synapse function. Additionally, the levels of proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease were high with miR-502-3p overexpression and reduced with miR-502-3p suppression. The present study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of regulation of GABAergic synapses by miR-502-3p. We propose that micro-RNA, in particular miR-502-3p, could be a potential therapeutic target to modulate GABAergic synapse function in neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupender Sharma
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Melissa M. Torres
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Sheryl Rodriguez
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Laxman Gangwani
- Bond Life Sciences Center and Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
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2
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Price NL, Fernández-Tussy P, Varela L, Cardelo MP, Shanabrough M, Aryal B, de Cabo R, Suárez Y, Horvath TL, Fernández-Hernando C. microRNA-33 controls hunger signaling in hypothalamic AgRP neurons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2131. [PMID: 38459068 PMCID: PMC10923783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AgRP neurons drive hunger, and excessive nutrient intake is the primary driver of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. While many factors impacting central regulation of feeding behavior have been established, the role of microRNAs in this process is poorly understood. Utilizing unique mouse models, we demonstrate that miR-33 plays a critical role in the regulation of AgRP neurons, and that loss of miR-33 leads to increased feeding, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction in mice. These effects include the regulation of multiple miR-33 target genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid metabolism. Our findings elucidate a key regulatory pathway regulated by a non-coding RNA that impacts hunger by controlling multiple bioenergetic processes associated with the activation of AgRP neurons, providing alternative therapeutic approaches to modulate feeding behavior and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Pablo Fernández-Tussy
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luis Varela
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Glia -Neuron Interactions in the control of Hunger. Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Magdalena P Cardelo
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Laboratory of Glia -Neuron Interactions in the control of Hunger. Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain.
- Department of Neuroscience. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Pathology. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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3
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Bhuvaneshwar K, Gusev Y. Translational bioinformatics and data science for biomarker discovery in mental health: an analytical review. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae098. [PMID: 38493340 PMCID: PMC10944574 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Translational bioinformatics and data science play a crucial role in biomarker discovery as it enables translational research and helps to bridge the gap between the bench research and the bedside clinical applications. Thanks to newer and faster molecular profiling technologies and reducing costs, there are many opportunities for researchers to explore the molecular and physiological mechanisms of diseases. Biomarker discovery enables researchers to better characterize patients, enables early detection and intervention/prevention and predicts treatment responses. Due to increasing prevalence and rising treatment costs, mental health (MH) disorders have become an important venue for biomarker discovery with the goal of improved patient diagnostics, treatment and care. Exploration of underlying biological mechanisms is the key to the understanding of pathogenesis and pathophysiology of MH disorders. In an effort to better understand the underlying mechanisms of MH disorders, we reviewed the major accomplishments in the MH space from a bioinformatics and data science perspective, summarized existing knowledge derived from molecular and cellular data and described challenges and areas of opportunities in this space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Bhuvaneshwar
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (ICBI), Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (ICBI), Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20007, USA
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4
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Wang F, Chen X, Bo B, Zhang T, Liu K, Jiang J, Wang Y, Xie H, Liang Z, Guan JS. State-dependent memory retrieval: insights from neural dynamics and behavioral perspectives. Learn Mem 2023; 30:325-337. [PMID: 38114331 PMCID: PMC10750866 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053893.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Memory retrieval is strikingly susceptible to external states (environment) and internal states (mood states and alcohol), yet we know little about the underlying mechanisms. We examined how internally generated states influence successful memory retrieval using the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of laboratory mice during memory retrieval. Mice exhibited a strong tendency to perform memory retrieval correctly only in the reinstated mammillary body-inhibited state, in which mice were trained to discriminate auditory stimuli in go/no-go tasks. fMRI revealed that distinct auditory cues engaged differential brain regions, which were primed by internal state. Specifically, a cue associated with a reward activated the lateral amygdala, while a cue signaling no reward predominantly activated the postsubiculum. Modifying these internal states significantly altered the neural activity balance between these regions. Optogenetic inhibition of those regions in the precue period blocked the retrieval of type-specific memories. Our findings suggest that memory retrieval is under the control of two interrelated neural circuits underlying the neural basis of state-dependent memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Binshi Bo
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tianfu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Kaiyuan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Life of Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Headache Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhifeng Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ji-Song Guan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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5
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Rivera J, Sharma B, Torres MM, Kumar S. Factors affecting the GABAergic synapse function in Alzheimer's disease: Focus on microRNAs. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102123. [PMID: 37967653 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disease characterized by the loss of cognitive function, confusion, and memory deficit. Accumulation of abnormal proteins, amyloid beta (Aß), and phosphorylated Tau (p-tau) forms plaques and tangles that deteriorate synapse function, resulting in neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD. The human brain is composed of different types of neurons and/or synapses that are functionally defective in AD. The GABAergic synapse, the most abundant inhibitory neuron in the human brain was found to be dysfunctional in AD and contributes to disrupting neurological function. This study explored the types of GABA receptors associated with neurological dysfunction and various biological and environmental factors that cause GABAergic neuron dysfunction in AD, such as Aβ, p-tau, aging, sex, astrocytes, microglia, APOE, mental disorder, diet, physical activity, and sleep. Furthermore, we explored the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of GABAergic synapse function in neurological disorders and AD states. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying GABAergic synapse dysfunction with a focus on miR-27b, miR-30a, miR-190a/b, miR-33, miR-51, miR-129-5p, miR-376-3p, miR-376c, miR-30b and miR-502-3p. The purpose of our article is to highlight the recent research on miRNAs affecting the regulation of GABAergic synapse function and factors that contribute to the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin Rivera
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Bhupender Sharma
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Melissa M Torres
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA; L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
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6
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Kaplan K, Hunsberger HC. Benzodiazepine-induced anterograde amnesia: detrimental side effect to novel study tool. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1257030. [PMID: 37781704 PMCID: PMC10536168 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1257030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are anxiolytic drugs that act on GABAa receptors and are used to treat anxiety disorders. However, these drugs come with the detrimental side effect of anterograde amnesia, or the inability to form new memories. In this review we discuss, behavioral paradigms, sex differences and hormonal influences affecting BZD-induced amnesia, molecular manipulations, including the knockout of GABAa receptor subunits, and regional studies utilizing lesion and microinjection techniques targeted to the hippocampus and amygdala. Additionally, the relationship between BZD use and cognitive decline related to Alzheimer's disease is addressed, as there is a lack of consensus on whether these drugs are involved in inducing or accelerating pathological cognitive deficits. This review aims to inspire new research directions, as there is a gap in knowledge in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind BZD-induced amnesia. Understanding these mechanisms will allow for the development of alternative treatments and potentially allow BZDs to be used as a novel tool to study Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameron Kaplan
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Holly Christian Hunsberger
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, United States
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7
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Vasiliev GV, Ovchinnikov VY, Lisachev PD, Bondar NP, Grinkevich LN. The Expression of miRNAs Involved in Long-Term Memory Formation in the CNS of the Mollusk Helix lucorum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010301. [PMID: 36613744 PMCID: PMC9820140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mollusks are unique animals with a relatively simple central nervous system (CNS) containing giant neurons with identified functions. With such simple CNS, mollusks yet display sufficiently complex behavior, thus ideal for various studies of behavioral processes, including long-term memory (LTM) formation. For our research, we use the formation of the fear avoidance reflex in the terrestrial mollusk Helix lucorum as a learning model. We have shown previously that LTM formation in Helix requires epigenetic modifications of histones leading to both activation and inactivation of the specific genes. It is known that microRNAs (miRNAs) negatively regulate the expression of genes; however, the role of miRNAs in behavioral regulation has been poorly investigated. Currently, there is no miRNAs sequencing data being published on Helix lucorum, which makes it impossible to investigate the role of miRNAs in the memory formation of this mollusk. In this study, we have performed sequencing and comparative bioinformatics analysis of the miRNAs from the CNS of Helix lucorum. We have identified 95 different microRNAs, including microRNAs belonging to the MIR-9, MIR-10, MIR-22, MIR-124, MIR-137, and MIR-153 families, known to be involved in various CNS processes of vertebrates and other species, particularly, in the fear behavior and LTM. We have shown that in the CNS of Helix lucorum MIR-10 family (26 miRNAs) is the most representative one, including Hlu-Mir-10-S5-5p and Hlu-Mir-10-S9-5p as top hits. Moreover, we have shown the involvement of the MIR-10 family in LTM formation in Helix. The expression of 17 representatives of MIR-10 differentially changes during different periods of LTM consolidation in the CNS of Helix. In addition, using comparative analysis of microRNA expression upon learning in normal snails and snails with deficient learning abilities with dysfunction of the serotonergic system, we identified a number of microRNAs from several families, including MIR-10, which expression changes only in normal animals. The obtained data can be used for further fundamental and applied behavioral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady V. Vasiliev
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir Y. Ovchinnikov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Pavel D. Lisachev
- Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 6 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Natalia P. Bondar
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Larisa N. Grinkevich
- The Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 nab. Makarova, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Correspondence:
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8
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Krispil-Alon M, Jovasevic V, Radulovic J, Richter-Levin G. Sex-specific roles of hippocampal microRNAs in stress vulnerability and resilience. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:503. [PMID: 36473835 PMCID: PMC9726879 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrary to intuition, most individuals are resilient to psychological trauma and only a minority is vulnerable. Men and women are known to respond differently to trauma exposure, however, mechanisms underlying the relationship between sex differences and trauma resilience and vulnerability are not yet fully understood. Taking advantage of the Behavioral Profiling approach, which enables differentiating between 'affected' and 'unaffected' individuals, we examined sex-associated differences in stress exposure effects on hippocampal expression of selected stress-related GABA-A receptor targeting miRNAs. Levels of the miRNA-144 and miRNA-33 were measured in male and female affected (vulnerable, e.g., higher freezing time) and unaffected (resilient) rats. In male rats, increased levels of miRNA-144 and miRNA-33 were observed in the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG) and ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) respectively, of stress-exposed but unaffected animals. In females, we observed an increased expression of miRNA-144 and miRNA-33 in the ventral cornu ammonis 1 (vCA1) of affected animals. Accordingly, we inhibited miRNAs expression selectively in hippocampal subregions using oligonucleotides containing locked nucleic acid bases, to examine the miRNAs' causal contribution to either vulnerability or resilience to stress in each sex. Inhibition of miRNA-144 in dDG and miRNA-33 in vDG in males resulted in an increased prevalence of vulnerable animals, while inhibition of miRNA-144 and miRNA-33 in vCA1 in females increased the proportion of resilient animals. The current findings reveal a critical sex-associated difference in the role of miRNAs in stress vulnerability and resilience. This novel understanding of sex-associated epigenetic involvement in the mechanism of stress-related psychopathologies may help improve gender-specific diagnosis and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Krispil-Alon
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vladimir Jovasevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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Ren LY, Cicvaric A, Zhang H, Meyer MA, Guedea AL, Gao P, Petrovic Z, Sun X, Lin Y, Radulovic J. Stress-induced changes of the cholinergic circuitry promote retrieval-based generalization of aversive memories. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3795-3805. [PMID: 35551246 PMCID: PMC9846583 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Generalization, the process of applying knowledge acquired in one context to other contexts, often drives the expression of similar behaviors in related situations. At the cellular level, generalization is thought to depend on the activity of overlapping neurons that represent shared features between contexts (general representations). Using contextual fear conditioning in mice, we demonstrate that generalization can also occur in response to stress and result from reactivation of specific, rather than general context representations. We found that generalization emerges during memory retrieval, along with stress-induced abnormalities of septohippocampal oscillatory activity and acetylcholine release, which are typically found in negative affective states. In hippocampal neurons that represent aversive memories and drive generalization, cholinergic septohippocampal afferents contributed to a unique reactivation pattern of cFos, Npas4, and repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST). Together, these findings suggest that generalization can be triggered by perceptually dissimilar but valence-congruent memories of specific aversive experiences. Through promoting the reactivation of such memories and their interference with ongoing behavior, abnormal cholinergic signaling could underlie maladaptive cognitive and behavioral generalization linked to negative affective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Y Ren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ana Cicvaric
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariah Aa Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Anita L Guedea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Zorica Petrovic
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yingxi Lin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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10
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Merritt M. Rediscovering latent trauma: An adopted adult's perspective. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 130:105445. [PMID: 34953610 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Though studies showing a causal relationship between adoption and trauma are scarce, there is enough cross-disciplinary research to suggest such a connection. Likewise, there are many adult adopted persons, like myself, who see their adoption narratives as traumatic in one way or another. Mental health outcomes for adopted people also indicate adoption might be a source of and not just a preventative measure against trauma. In this paper, I utilize an autoethnographic approach to highlight the relationship between infant adoption and what I refer to as "latent traumatic memories." Recounting several major life events that led to traumatic upheavals in my understanding of my own identity as an adopted person, I then relate my story to current research on trauma experienced very early in life and how it is remembered implicitly in the body. My account, I argue, highlights the need to further research adopted people's evolving views about their adoption and how and to what extent certain events in adulthood precipitate the rediscovery of latent trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Merritt
- Arkansas State University, 2107 Aggie Road, Jonesboro, AR 72401, United States of America.
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Blair RS, Acca GM, Tsao B, Stevens N, Maren S, Nagaya N. Estrous cycle contributes to state-dependent contextual fear in female rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 141:105776. [PMID: 35489312 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The increased susceptibility of women to stress and trauma-related disorders compared to men suggests a role for ovarian hormones in modulating fear and anxiety. In both humans and rodents, estrogen and progesterone have been shown to influence fear learning during acquisition, expression, and extinction. Recently, we showed that allopregnanolone (ALLO), a progesterone (PROG) metabolite and GABAA receptor potentiator, confers state-dependent contextual fear when infused into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of male rats. In order to determine whether estrous cycle-related fluctuations in circulating PROG confer state-dependent contextual fear in female rats, animals received Pavlovian fear conditioning during an estrous cycle phase when PROG was either low (late diestrus) or high (late proestrus). After conditioning, animals were tested for contextual fear in either the same or different estrous cycle phase. Subjects conditioned in diestrus and tested in proestrus showed lower levels of contextual fear compared to subjects conditioned and tested in the same estrous cycle phase (either diestrus or proestrus), suggesting a state-dependent effect of estrous cycle phase on fear learning. This state dependence was asymmetric, however, as animals trained in proestrus and tested in diestrus exhibited high levels of contextual fear. In ovariectomized (OVX) females treated acutely with either PROG or vehicle, state dependence was not observed. These results suggest that the hormonal state in diestrus may play a role in conferring state dependence to conditioned fear in naturally cycling female rats but not in an OVX model.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shelby Blair
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gillian M Acca
- Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Tsao
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Naomi Stevens
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Stephen Maren
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Naomi Nagaya
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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12
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Pan TT, Liu C, Li DM, Zhang TH, Zhang W, Zhao SL, Zhou QX, Nie BB, Zhu GH, Xu L, Liu H. Retrosplenial Cortex Effects Contextual Fear Formation Relying on Dysgranular Constituent in Rats. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:886858. [PMID: 35592254 PMCID: PMC9112855 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.886858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal contextual fear conditioning (CFC) models are the most-studied forms used to explore the neural substances of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition to the well-recognized hippocampal–amygdalar system, the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is getting more and more attention due to substantial involvement in CFC, but with a poor understanding of the specific roles of its two major constituents—dysgranular (RSCd) and granular (RSCg). The current study sought to identify their roles and underlying brain network mechanisms during the encoding processing of the rat CFC model. Rats with pharmacologically inactivated RSCd, RSCg, and corresponding controls underwent contextual fear conditioning. [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scanning was performed for each animal. The 5-h and 24-h retrieval were followed to test the formation of contextual memory. Graph theoretic tools were used to identify the brain metabolic network involved in encoding phase, and changes of nodal (brain region) properties linked, respectively, to disturbed RSCd and RSCg were analyzed. Impaired retrieval occurred in disturbed RSCd animals, not in RSCg ones. The RSC, hippocampus (Hip), amygdala (Amy), piriform cortex (Pir), and visual cortex (VC) are hub nodes of the brain-wide network for contextual fear memory encoding in rats. Nodal degree and efficiency of hippocampus and its connectivity with amygdala, Pir, and VC were decreased in rats with disturbed RSCd, while not in those with suppressed RSCg. The RSC plays its role in contextual fear memory encoding mainly relying on its RSCd part, whose condition would influence the activity of the hippocampal–amygdalar system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Pan
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, and KIZ-SU Joint Laboratory of Animal Model and Drug Development, and Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, and KIZ-SU Joint Laboratory of Animal Model and Drug Development, and Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - De-Min Li
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tian-Hao Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Lun Zhao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Xin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, and KIZ-SU Joint Laboratory of Animal Model and Drug Development, and Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Bin-Bin Nie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Bin-Bin Nie,
| | - Gao-Hong Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Gao-Hong Zhu,
| | - Lin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, and KIZ-SU Joint Laboratory of Animal Model and Drug Development, and Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology, Shanghai, China
- Gao-Hong Zhu,
| | - Hua Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hua Liu,
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13
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Moradi Vastegani S, Alani B, Kharazmi K, Ardjmand A. MiR-33-5p Regulates CREB to Induce Morphine State-dependent Memory in Rats: Interaction with the µ Opioid Receptor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2022; 11:150-167. [PMID: 37091037 PMCID: PMC10116354 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.11.2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that miR-33-5p attenuates morphine state-dependent (StD) memory via the µ opioid receptor by regulating cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB). The effects of post-training morphine and morphine StD memory and their interaction with pre-test naloxone were evaluated using a single-trial inhibitory avoidance paradigm. Then, the hippocampal miR-33-5p gene and pCREB/CREB protein expression profiles were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. We found that while post-training morphine and morphine StD memory respectively up- and down-regulate the miR-33-5p expression profile in the hippocampus, the reverse results are true for the expression of pCREB/CREB. Pre-test naloxone antagonized the response. Overall, our findings suggest that the expression levels of miR-33-5p in the hippocampus set the basis for morphine StD memory with low miR-33-5p enabling state dependency. The mechanism is mediated via miR33-5p and CREB signaling with the interaction of the µ opioid receptor. This finding may be used as a potential strategy for ameliorating morphine-induced memory-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Moradi Vastegani
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Behrang Alani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Khatereh Kharazmi
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Ardjmand
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Corresponding Author: Abolfazl Ardjmand Address: Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. E-mail
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14
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Stress-induced generalization of negative memories is mediated by an extended hippocampal circuit. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:516-523. [PMID: 34493828 PMCID: PMC8674250 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Memories of negative experiences exert important control of behavior in the face of actual or anticipated threat. Sometimes, however, this control extends to non-threatening situations, a phenomenon known as overgeneralization of negative memories. Overgeneralization is a reliable cognitive phenotype of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. We therefore sought to develop an animal model to study stress-induced generalization of negative memories (SIG) and determine its dependence on the episodic-like memory circuit. We found that male and female mice, which were trained to differentiate a threatening from neutral context, exhibited robust SIG in response to subsequent social stress. Using chemogenetic circuit manipulations during memory retrieval, we demonstrated that both excitatory afferents to the dorsal hippocampus (DH) from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and excitatory efferents from the DH to the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) contribute to SIG. Based on the known roles of these projections, we suggest that (1) by targeting subcortical VTA circuits that provide valence signals to the DH, stress prioritizes the retrieval of negative over neutral memories, and (2) by forwarding such information to the RSC, stress engages cortical mechanisms that support the retrieval of general relative to specific memory features. Altogether, these results suggest that various components of the extended hippocampal circuit can serve as treatment targets for memory overgeneralization.
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15
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Jovasevic V, Zhang H, Petrovic Z, Cicvaric A, Radulovic J. Protocol for assessing the role of hippocampal perineuronal nets in aversive memories. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100931. [PMID: 34778848 PMCID: PMC8577157 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are emerging as critical regulators of memory-related neuronal processes. However, their exact contribution depends on type of memory, consolidation stage, or brain region, and remains to be fully investigated. We describe here a protocol to evaluate the importance of PNNs in the dorsal hippocampus in different stages of aversive memories using a mouse model. The protocol provides detailed instructions for surgical implantation of hippocampal cannulas, drug infusion, contextual fear conditioning procedures, and immunohistochemistry for PNN visualization. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Jovasevic et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Jovasevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Zorica Petrovic
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ana Cicvaric
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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16
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Adkins JM, Lynch J, Gray M, Jasnow AM. Presynaptic GABA B receptor inhibition sex dependently enhances fear extinction and attenuates fear renewal. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2059-2071. [PMID: 33855580 PMCID: PMC8295214 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and trauma-related disorders are highly prevalent worldwide, and are associated with altered associative fear learning. Despite the effectiveness of exposure therapy, which aims to reduce associative fear responses, relapse rates remain high. This is due, in part, to the context specificity of exposure therapy, which is a form of extinction. Many studies show that fear relapses when mice are tested outside the extinction context, and this is known as fear renewal. Using Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction, we can study the mechanisms underlying extinction and renewal. The aim of the current experiment was to identify the role of presynaptic GABAB receptors in these two processes. Previous work from our lab showed that genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of GABAB(1a) receptors that provide presynaptic inhibition on glutamatergic terminals reduces context specificity and leads to generalization. We therefore hypothesized that inactivation of these presynaptic GABAB receptors could be used to reduce the context specificity associated with fear extinction training and suppress renewal when mice are tested outside of the extinction context. Using CGP 36216, an antagonist specific for presynaptic GABAB receptors, we blocked presynaptic GABAB receptors using intracerebroventricular injections during various time points of extinction learning in male and female mice. Results showed that blocking these receptors pre- and post-extinction training led to enhanced extinction learning in male mice only. We also found that post-extinction infusions of CGP reduced renewal rates in male mice when they were tested outside of the extinction context. In an attempt to localize the function of presynaptic GABAB receptors within regions of the extinction circuit, we infused CGP locally within the basolateral amygdala or dorsal hippocampus. We failed to reduce renewal when CGP was infused directly within these regions, suggesting that presynaptic inhibition within these regions per se may not be necessary for driving context specificity during extinction learning. Together, these results show an important sex-dependent role of presynaptic GABAB receptors in extinction and renewal processes and identify a novel receptor target that may be used to design pharmacotherapies to enhance the effectiveness of exposure therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Adkins
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Joseph Lynch
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Michael Gray
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Aaron M Jasnow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA.
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17
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Jovasevic V, Zhang H, Sananbenesi F, Guedea AL, Soman KV, Wiktorowicz JE, Fischer A, Radulovic J. Primary cilia are required for the persistence of memory and stabilization of perineuronal nets. iScience 2021; 24:102617. [PMID: 34142063 PMCID: PMC8185192 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the formation of episodic memories requires multiple hippocampal mechanisms operating on different time scales. Early mechanisms of memory formation (synaptic consolidation) have been extensively characterized. However, delayed mechanisms, which maintain hippocampal activity as memories stabilize in cortical circuits, are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that contrary to the transient expression of early- and delayed-response genes, the expression of cytoskeleton- and extracellular matrix-associated genes remains dynamic even at remote time points. The most profound expression changes clustered around primary cilium-associated and collagen genes. These genes most likely contribute to memory by stabilizing perineuronal nets in the dorsohippocampal CA1 subfield, as revealed by targeted disruptions of the primary cilium or perineuronal nets. The findings show that nonsynaptic, primary cilium-mediated mechanisms are required for the persistence of context memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Jovasevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Room 13-100, Montgomery Ward Memorial Building, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Room 115, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Anita L. Guedea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kizhake V. Soman
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB – Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Andre Fischer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Room 13-100, Montgomery Ward Memorial Building, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Room 115, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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18
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Jovasevic V, Radulovic J. High ethanol preference and dissociated memory are co-occurring phenotypes associated with hippocampal GABA AR-δ receptor levels. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 183:107459. [PMID: 34015441 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) frequently co-occurs with dissociative disorders and disorders with dissociative symptoms, suggesting a common neurobiological basis. It has been proposed that facilitated information processing under the influence of alcohol, resulting in the formation of dissociated memories, might be an important factor controlling alcohol use. Access to such memories is facilitated under the effect of alcohol, thus further reinforcing alcohol use. To interrogate possible mechanisms associated with these phenotypes, we used a mouse model of dissociative amnesia, combined with a high-alcohol preferring (HAP) model of AUD. Dissociated memory was induced by activation of hippocampal extrasynaptic GABA type A receptor delta subunits (GABAAR-δ), which control tonic inhibition and to which ethanol binds with high affinity. Increased ethanol preference was associated with increased propensity to form dissociated memories dependent on GABAAR-δ in the dorsal hippocampus (DH). Furthermore, the DH level of GABAAR-δ protein, but not mRNA, was increased in HAP mice, and was inversely correlated to the level of miR-365-3p, suggesting an miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional mechanism contributing to elevated GABAAR-δ. The observed changes of DH GABAAR-δ were associated with a severe reduction of excitatory projections stemming from GABAAR-δ-containing pyramidal neurons in the subiculum and terminating in the mammillary body. These results suggest that both molecular and circuit dysfunction involving hippocampal GABAAR-δ receptors might contribute to the co-occurrence of ethanol preference and dissociated information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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19
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Dysregulation of miR-15a-5p, miR-497a-5p and miR-511-5p Is Associated with Modulation of BDNF and FKBP5 in Brain Areas of PTSD-Related Susceptible and Resilient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105157. [PMID: 34068160 PMCID: PMC8153003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder occurring in susceptible individuals following a traumatic event. Understanding the mechanisms subserving trauma susceptibility/resilience is essential to develop new effective treatments. Increasing evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), may play a prominent role in mediating trauma susceptibility/resilience. In this study, we evaluated the transcriptional expression of two key PTSD-related genes (FKBP5 and BDNF) and the relative targeting miRNAs (miR-15a-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-511-5p, let-7d-5p) in brain areas of PTSD-related susceptible and resilient mice identified through our recently developed mouse model of PTSD (arousal-based individual screening (AIS) model). We observed lower transcript levels of miR-15a-5p, miR-497a-5p, and miR-511a-5p in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of susceptible mice compared to resilient mice, suggesting that the expression of these miRNAs could discriminate the two different phenotypes of stress-exposed mice. These miRNA variations could contribute, individually or synergically, to the inversely correlated transcript levels of FKBP5 and BDNF. Conversely, in the medial prefrontal cortex, downregulation of miR-15a-5p, miR-511-5p, and let-7d-5p was observed both in susceptible and resilient mice, and not accompanied by changes in their mRNA targets. Furthermore, miRNA expression in the different brain areas correlated to stress-induced behavioral scores (arousal score, avoidance-like score, social memory score and PTSD-like score), suggesting a linear connection between miRNA-based epigenetic modulation and stress-induced phenotypes. Pathway analysis of a miRNA network showed a statistically significant enrichment of molecular processes related to PTSD and stress. In conclusion, our results indicate that PTSD susceptibility/resilience might be shaped by brain-area-dependent modulation of miRNAs targeting FKBP5, BDNF, and other stress-related genes.
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20
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Price NL, Goedeke L, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. miR-33 in cardiometabolic diseases: lessons learned from novel animal models and approaches. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12606. [PMID: 33938628 PMCID: PMC8103095 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs have emerged as critical regulators of nearly all biologic processes and important therapeutic targets for numerous diseases. However, despite the tremendous progress that has been made in this field, many misconceptions remain among much of the broader scientific community about the manner in which miRNAs function. In this review, we focus on miR‐33, one of the most extensively studied miRNAs, as an example, to highlight many of the advances that have been made in the miRNA field and the hurdles that must be cleared to promote the development of miRNA‐based therapies. We discuss how the generation of novel animal models and newly developed experimental techniques helped to elucidate the specialized roles of miR‐33 within different tissues and begin to define the specific mechanisms by which miR‐33 contributes to cardiometabolic diseases including obesity and atherosclerosis. This review will summarize what is known about miR‐33 and highlight common obstacles in the miRNA field and then describe recent advances and approaches that have allowed researchers to provide a more complete picture of the specific functions of this miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leigh Goedeke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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21
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Bali KK, Gandla J, Rangel DR, Castaldi L, Mouritzen P, Agarwal N, Schmelz M, Heppenstall P, Kuner R. A genome-wide screen reveals microRNAs in peripheral sensory neurons driving painful diabetic neuropathy. Pain 2021; 162:1334-1351. [PMID: 33492037 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Diabetes is a leading cause of peripheral neuropathy (diabetic peripheral neuropathy, DPN), and uncontrolled long-lasting hyperglycemia leads to severe complications. A major proportion of diabetics develop excruciating pain with a variable course. Mechanisms leading to painful DPN are not completely understood and treatment options limited. We hypothesized that epigenetic modulation at the level of microRNA (miRNA) expression triggered by metabolic imbalance and nerve damage regulates the course of pain development. We used clinically relevant preclinical models, genome-wide screening, in silico analyses, cellular assays, miRNA fluorescent in situ hybridization, in vivo molecular manipulations, and behavioral analyses in the current study. We identified miRNAs and their targets that critically impact on nociceptive hypersensitivity in painful DPN. Our analyses identify miR-33 and miR-380 expressed in nociceptive neurons as critical denominators of diabetic pain and miR-124-1 as a mediator of physiological nociception. Our comprehensive analyses on the putative mRNA targets for miR-33 or miR-124-1 identified a set of mRNAs that are regulated after miR-33 or miR-124-1 overexpression in dorsal root ganglia in vivo. Our results shed light on the regulation of DPN pathophysiology and implicate specific miRNAs as novel therapeutic targets for treating painful DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Bali
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Pharmacology Institute, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany . Dr. Bali is now with the Department of Experimental Pain Research, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jagadeesh Gandla
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Pharmacology Institute, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany . Dr. Bali is now with the Department of Experimental Pain Research, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Rojas Rangel
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Pharmacology Institute, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany . Dr. Bali is now with the Department of Experimental Pain Research, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Nitin Agarwal
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Pharmacology Institute, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany . Dr. Bali is now with the Department of Experimental Pain Research, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Schmelz
- Department of Experimental Pain Research, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Rohini Kuner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Pharmacology Institute, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany . Dr. Bali is now with the Department of Experimental Pain Research, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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22
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Horie T, Nakao T, Miyasaka Y, Nishino T, Matsumura S, Nakazeki F, Ide Y, Kimura M, Tsuji S, Rodriguez RR, Watanabe T, Yamasaki T, Xu S, Otani C, Miyagawa S, Matsushita K, Sowa N, Omori A, Tanaka J, Nishimura C, Nishiga M, Kuwabara Y, Baba O, Watanabe S, Nishi H, Nakashima Y, Picciotto MR, Inoue H, Watanabe D, Nakamura K, Sasaki T, Kimura T, Ono K. microRNA-33 maintains adaptive thermogenesis via enhanced sympathetic nerve activity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:843. [PMID: 33594062 PMCID: PMC7886914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis is essential for survival, and therefore is tightly regulated by a central neural circuit. Here, we show that microRNA (miR)-33 in the brain is indispensable for adaptive thermogenesis. Cold stress increases miR-33 levels in the hypothalamus and miR-33−/− mice are unable to maintain body temperature in cold environments due to reduced sympathetic nerve activity and impaired brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Analysis of miR-33f/f dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH)-Cre mice indicates the importance of miR-33 in Dbh-positive cells. Mechanistically, miR-33 deficiency upregulates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor subunit genes such as Gabrb2 and Gabra4. Knock-down of these genes in Dbh-positive neurons rescues the impaired cold-induced thermogenesis in miR-33f/fDBH-Cre mice. Conversely, increased gene dosage of miR-33 in mice enhances thermogenesis. Thus, miR-33 in the brain contributes to maintenance of BAT thermogenesis and whole-body metabolism via enhanced sympathetic nerve tone through suppressing GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. This miR-33-mediated neural mechanism may serve as a physiological adaptive defense mechanism for several stresses including cold stress. Adaptive thermogenesis is regulated by central neuronal circuits. Here, the authors show that microRNA-33 in the brain contributes to the maintenance of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and whole-body energy balance via enhanced sympathetic nerve tone, and regulating the expression of GABAa receptor subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Tetsushi Nakao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yui Miyasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Matsumura
- Laboratory of Physiological Functions of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nakazeki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tsuji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Randolph Ruiz Rodriguez
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sijia Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chiharu Otani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sawa Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Matsushita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Sowa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aoi Omori
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jin Tanaka
- Laboratory of Physiological Functions of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chika Nishimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Nishiga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Kuwabara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Baba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoo Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dai Watanabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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23
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Abo-Al-Ela HG, Faggio C. MicroRNA-mediated stress response in bivalve species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111442. [PMID: 33038725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bivalve mollusks are important aquatic organisms, which are used for biological monitoring because of their abundance, ubiquitous nature, and abilities to adapt to different environments. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs, which typically silence the expression of target genes; however, certain miRNAs directly or indirectly upregulate their target genes. They are rapidly modulated and play an essential role in shaping the response of organisms to stresses. Based on the regulatory function and rapid alteration of miRNAs, they could act as biomarkers for biotic and abiotic stress, including environmental stresses and contaminations. Moreover, mollusk, particularly hemocytes, rapidly respond to environmental changes, such as pollution, salinity changes, and desiccation, which makes them an attractive model for this purpose. Thus, bivalve mollusks could be considered a good animal model to examine a system's response to different environmental conditions and stressors. miRNAs have been reported to adjust the adaptation and physiological functions of bivalves during endogenous and environmental stressors. In this review, we aimed to discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the response of bivalves to stressors and how miRNAs orchestrate this process; however, if necessary, other organisms' response is included to explain specific processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez 43518, Egypt.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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24
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Grinkevich LN. The role of microRNAs in learning and long-term memory. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2020; 24:885-896. [PMID: 35088002 PMCID: PMC8763713 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of long-term memory formation and ways to improve it (in the case of its impairment) remain an extremely difficult problem yet to be solved. Over the recent years, much attention has been
paid to microRNAs in this regard. MicroRNAs are unique endogenous non-coding RNAs about 22 nucleotides in
length; each can regulate translation of hundreds of messenger RNA targets, thereby controlling entire gene networks. MicroRNAs are widely represented in the central nervous system. A large number of studies are currently
being conducted to investigate the role of microRNAs in the brain functioning. A number of microRNAs have
been shown to be involved in the process of synaptic plasticity, as well as in the long-term memory formation.
Disruption of microRNA biogenesis leads to significant cognitive dysfunctions. Moreover, impaired microRNA
biogenesis is one of the causes of the pathogenesis of mental disorders, neurodegenerative illnesses and senile
dementia, which are often accompanied by deterioration in the learning ability and by memory impairment.
Optimistic predictions are made that microRNAs can be used as targets for therapeutic treatment and for diagnosing the above pathologies. The importance of applications related to microRNAs significantly raises interest
in studying their functions in the brain. Thus, this review is focused on the role of microRNAs in cognitive processes. It describes microRNA biogenesis and the role of miRNAs in the regulation of gene expression, as well
as the latest achievements in studying the functional role of microRNAs in learning and in long-term memory
formation, depending on the activation or inhibition of their expression. The review presents summarized data
on the effect of impaired microRNA biogenesis on long-term memory formation, including those associated with
sleep deprivation. In addition, analysis is provided of the current literature related to the prospects of improving
cognitive processes by influencing microRNA biogenesis via the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies and active
mental and physical exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. N. Grinkevich
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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25
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Elman I, Upadhyay J, Lowen S, Karunakaran K, Albanese M, Borsook D. Mechanisms Underlying Unconscious Processing and Their Alterations in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Neuroimaging of Zero Monetary Outcomes Contextually Framed as "No Losses" vs. "No Gains". Front Neurosci 2020; 14:604867. [PMID: 33390889 PMCID: PMC7772193 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.604867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although unconscious processing is a key element of mental operation, its neural correlates have not been established. Also, clinical observations suggest that unconscious processing may be involved in the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the neurobiological mechanisms underlying such impairments remain unknown. The purpose of the present study was to examine putative mechanisms underlying unconscious processing by healthy participants and to determine whether these mechanisms may be altered in PTSD patients. Twenty patients with PTSD and 27 healthy individuals were administered a validated wheel of fortune-type gambling task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Unconscious processing was elicited using unconscious contextual framing of the zero monetary outcomes as "no loss," "no gain" or as "neutral." Brief passive visual processing of the "no loss" vs. "no gain" contrast by healthy participants yielded bilateral frontal-, temporal- and insular cortices and striatal activations. Between-group comparison revealed smaller activity in the left anterior prefrontal-, left dorsolateral prefrontal-, right temporal- and right insular cortices and in bilateral striatum in PTSD patients with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity been more pronounced in those with greater PTSD severity. These observations implicate frontal-, temporal-, and insular cortices along with the striatum in the putative mechanisms underlying unconscious processing of the monetary outcomes. Additionally, our results support the hypothesis that PTSD is associated with primary cortical and subcortical alterations involved in the above processes and that these alterations may be related to some aspects of PTSD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Elman
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jaymin Upadhyay
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States
| | | | - Keerthana Karunakaran
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark Albanese
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - David Borsook
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States
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26
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Meyer MAA, Anstötz M, Ren LY, Fiske MP, Guedea AL, Grayson VS, Schroth SL, Cicvaric A, Nishimori K, Maccaferri G, Radulovic J. Stress-related memories disrupt sociability and associated patterning of hippocampal activity: a role of hilar oxytocin receptor-positive interneurons. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:428. [PMID: 33311459 PMCID: PMC7733596 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In susceptible individuals, memories of stressful experiences can give rise to debilitating socio-affective symptoms. This occurs even when the ability to retrieve such memories is limited, as seen in patients suffering from traumatic amnesia. We therefore hypothesized that the encoding, rather than retrieval, mechanisms of stress-related memories underlie their impact on social and emotional behavior. To test this hypothesis, we used combinations of stress-enhanced and state-dependent fear conditioning, which engage different encoding mechanisms for the formation of stress-related memories. We found that the encoding of stress-enhanced state-dependent memories robustly and sex specifically impairs sociability in male mice and disrupts the asymmetry of dentate gyrus (DG)/CA3 activity accompanying social interactions. These deficits were restored by chemogenetic inactivation of oxytocin receptor-positive interneurons localized in the hilus (Oxtr-HI), and by inactivation of dorsohippocampal efferents to the caudal lateral septum. Together, our data suggest that disrupted patterning of dorsohippocampal DG/CA3 activity underlies stress-induced sociability deficits, and that Oxtr-HI can be a cellular target for improving these deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah A. A. Meyer
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Max Anstötz
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Lynn Y. Ren
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Michael P. Fiske
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Anita L. Guedea
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Viktoriya S. Grayson
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Samantha L. Schroth
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Ana Cicvaric
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- grid.411582.b0000 0001 1017 9540Department of Obesity and Internal Inflammation, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295 Japan
| | - Gianmaria Maccaferri
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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27
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Enomoto S, Kato TA. Involvement of microglia in disturbed fear memory regulation: Possible microglial contribution to the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder. Neurochem Int 2020; 142:104921. [PMID: 33232758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, immune cells in the brain, play a crucial role in brain inflammation and synaptic plasticity by releasing inflammatory mediators and neurotrophic factors as well as, phagocytosing synaptic elements. Recent studies have shown peripheral inflammation, immune alteration in the brain are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in humans. Several preclinical studies using Pavlovian fear conditioning have suggested that microglia are involved in fear memory dysregulation and altered fear neuronal networks. Microglial priming resulting from previous stressful experiences may also have an effect. This review will introduce the current knowledge of microglial contribution to disturbed fear memory regulation, a fundamental feature of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Enomoto
- Self Defense Force, Fukuoka Hospital, 1-61 Kokura Higashi, Kasuga-Si, Fukuoka, 816-0826, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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28
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Ehlers VL, Smies CW, Moyer JR. Apoaequorin differentially modulates fear memory in adult and aged rats. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01832. [PMID: 32945630 PMCID: PMC7667302 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive deficits during aging are pervasive across species and learning paradigms. One of the major mechanisms thought to play a role in age-related memory decline is dysregulated calcium (Ca2+ ) homeostasis. Aging is associated with impaired function of several calcium-regulatory mechanisms, including calcium-binding proteins that normally support intracellular Ca2+ regulation. This age-related calcium-binding protein dysfunction and changes in expression lead to disrupted maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ , thus contributing to memory decline. Other work has found that age-related cognitive deficits can be mitigated by either blocking Ca2+ entry into the cytosol or preventing its release from intracellular Ca2+ stores. However, the effect of calcium-binding protein administration on cognitive function during aging is not well-understood. Our laboratory has previously shown that the calcium-binding protein apoaequorin (AQ) is neuroprotective during oxygen-glucose deprivation, a model of in vitro ischemia characterized by calcium-induced excitotoxicity. The current experiments assessed the effect of direct dorsal hippocampal AQ infusion on trace and context fear memory in adult and aged rats. METHODS Adult (3-6 months) and aged (22-26 months) male F344 rats were randomly assigned to different experimental infusion groups before undergoing trace fear conditioning and testing. In experiment 1, rats received bilateral dorsal hippocampal infusions of either vehicle or AQ (4% w/v) 24 hr before trace fear conditioning. In experiment 2, rats received bilateral dorsal hippocampal infusions of either vehicle or 4% AQ 1 hr before trace fear conditioning and 1 hr before testing. RESULTS Aged rats displayed impaired trace and context fear memory. While a single AQ infusion 24 hr before trace fear conditioning was insufficient to rescue age-related trace fear memory deficits, AQ infusion 1 hr before both conditioning and testing abolished age-related context fear memory deficits. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that intrahippocampal infusion of AQ may reverse aging-related deficits in hippocampus-dependent context fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Ehlers
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chad W Smies
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - James R Moyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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29
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Excitatory VTA to DH projections provide a valence signal to memory circuits. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1466. [PMID: 32193428 PMCID: PMC7081331 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive or negative value (valence) of past experiences is normally integrated into neuronal circuits that encode episodic memories and plays an important role in guiding behavior. Here, we show, using mouse behavioral models, that glutamatergic afferents from the ventral tegmental area to the dorsal hippocampus (VTA→DH) signal negative valence to memory circuits, leading to the formation of fear-inducing context memories and to context-specific reinstatement of fear. To a lesser extent, these projections also contributed to opioid-induced place preference, suggesting a role in signaling positive valence as well, and thus a lack of dedicated polarity. Manipulations of VTA terminal activity were more effective in females and paralleled by sex differences in glutamatergic signaling. By prioritizing retrieval of negative and positive over neutral memories, the VTA→DH circuit can facilitate the selection of adaptive behaviors when current and past experiences are valence congruent. The neuronal pathway that signals the positive or negative value of memories is not well understood. Here, the authors report that an excitatory projection from the ventral tegmental area to the dorsal hippocampus carries the valence information, contributing, especially in females, to the recurrence of fear and to drug seeking behavior.
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30
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Abstract
MicroRNAs as critical regulators of gene expression important for functions including neuronal development, synapse formation, and synaptic plasticity have been linked with the regulation of neurobiological systems that underlie anxiety processing in the brain. In this chapter, we give an update on associative evidence linking regulation of microRNAs with anxiety- and trauma-related disorders. Moving beyond correlative research, functional studies have emerged recently that explore causal relationships between microRNA expression and anxiety-like behavior. It has been demonstrated that experimental up- or downregulation of the candidate microRNAs in important nodes of the anxiety neurocircuitry can indeed modulate anxiety-related behavior in animal models. Improved methodologies for assessing microRNA-mediated modulation have aided such functional studies, revealing a number of anxiety-regulating microRNAs including miR-15a, miR-17-92, miR-34, miR-101, miR-124, miR-135, and miR-155. Important functional target genes of these identified microRNAs are associated with specific neurotransmitter/neuromodulator signaling, neurotrophin (e.g., BDNF) expression and other aspects of synaptic plasticity, as well as with stress-regulatory/hypothalamic-pituitary-axis function. Furthermore, microRNAs have been revealed that are regulated in distinct brain regions following various anxiety-attenuating strategies. These include pharmacological treatments such as antidepressants and other drugs, as well as non-pharmacological interventions such as fear extinction/exposure therapy or positive stimuli such as exposure to environmental enrichment. These are first indications for a role for microRNAs in the mechanism of action of anxiolytic treatments. As research continues, there is much hope that a deeper understanding of the microRNA-mediated mechanisms underlying anxiety-related disorders could open up possibilities for future novel biomarker and treatment strategies.
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31
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Ye Z, Sun B, Mi X, Xiao Z. Gene co-expression network for analysis of plasma exosomal miRNAs in the elderly as markers of aging and cognitive decline. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8318. [PMID: 31934508 PMCID: PMC6951281 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence has shown that microRNA (miRNAs) are involved in molecular pathways responsible for aging and age-related cognitive decline. However, there is a lack of research linked plasma exosome-derived miRNAs changes with cognitive function in older people and aging, which might prove a new insight on the transformation of miRNAs on clinical applications for cognitive decline for older people. METHODS We applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis to investigated miRNAs within plasma exosomes of older people for a better understanding of the relationship of exosome-derived miRNAs with cognitive decline in elderly adults. We identified network modules of co-expressed miRNAs in the elderly exosomal miRNAs dataset. In each module, we selected vital miRNAs and carried out functional enrichment analyses of their experimentally known target genes and their function. RESULTS We found that plasma exosomal miRNAs hsa-mir-376a-3p, miR-10a-5p, miR-125-5p, miR-15a-5p have critical regulatory roles in the development of aging and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly and may serve as biomarkers and putative novel therapeutic targets for aging and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongdang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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32
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Hu YB, Zhang YF, Wang H, Ren RJ, Cui HL, Huang WY, Cheng Q, Chen HZ, Wang G. miR-425 deficiency promotes necroptosis and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:589. [PMID: 31383850 PMCID: PMC6683159 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A major hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and the causative mechanism is thought to be the activation of programmed neuronal death. Necroptosis is a regulated process of cell death triggered by RIPK1. Although the pathophysiology of PD has been studied extensively, the cellular mechanism underlying dopaminergic neuron death remains unclear. In this study, we detected a specific miRNA, miR-425, in response to MPTP toxicity and dopaminergic degeneration. In MPTP-treated mice, we observed necroptosis activation and miR-425 deficiency in the substantia nigra, which is correlated with dopaminergic neuron loss. This miRNA targeted RIPK1 transcripts and promoted the phosphorylation of MLKL and necroptosis. Similarly, in the brains of PD patients, miR-425 deficiency and necroptosis activation were also confirmed in dopaminergic neuron. Furthermore, we found that genetic knockdown of miR-425 aggravated MPTP-induced motor deficits and dopaminergic neurodegeneration via early upregulation of necroptotic genes. Intracerebral miR-425 mimics (AgomiR-425) treatment attenuated necroptosis activation and dopaminergic neuron loss, and improved locomotor behaviors. In conclusion, our study suggests that miR-425 deficiency triggers necroptosis of dopaminergic neurons, and targeting miR-425 in MPTP-treated mice restored dysfunctional dopaminergic neurodegeneration and ameliorated behavioral deficits. These findings identify brain delivery of miR-425 as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ru-Jing Ren
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Lun Cui
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- School of Public health Shanghai Jiao Tong university, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
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Yamawaki N, Corcoran KA, Guedea AL, Shepherd GMG, Radulovic J. Differential Contributions of Glutamatergic Hippocampal→Retrosplenial Cortical Projections to the Formation and Persistence of Context Memories. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:2728-2736. [PMID: 29878069 PMCID: PMC6519694 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning to associate stressful events with specific environmental contexts depends on excitatory transmission in the hippocampus, but how this information is transmitted to the neocortex for lasting memory storage is unclear. We identified dorsal hippocampal (DH) projections to the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), which arise mainly from the subiculum and contain either the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGlut1) or vGlut2. Both vGlut1+ and vGlut2+ axons strongly excite and disynaptically inhibit RSC pyramidal neurons in superficial layers, but vGlut2+ axons trigger greater inhibition that spreads to deep layers, indicating that these pathways engage RSC circuits via partially redundant, partially differentiated cellular mechanisms. Using contextual fear conditioning in mice to model contextual associative memories, together with chemogenetic axonal silencing, we found that vGlut1+ projections are principally involved in processing recent context memories whereas vGlut2+ projections contribute to their long-lasting storage. Thus, within the DH→RSC pathway, engagement of vGlut1+ and vGlut2+ circuits differentially contribute to the formation and persistence of fear-inducing context memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamawaki
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin A Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anita L Guedea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gordon M G Shepherd
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Genetic Ablation of miR-33 Increases Food Intake, Enhances Adipose Tissue Expansion, and Promotes Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Cell Rep 2019; 22:2133-2145. [PMID: 29466739 PMCID: PMC5860817 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While therapeutic modulation of miRNAs provides a promising approach for numerous diseases, the promiscuous nature of miRNAs raises concern over detrimental off-target effects. miR-33 has emerged as a likely target for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, the deleterious effects of long-term anti-miR-33 therapies and predisposition of miR-33−/− mice to obesity and metabolic dysfunction exemplify the possible pitfalls of miRNA-based therapies. Our work provides an in-depth characterization of miR-33−/− mice and explores the mechanisms by which loss of miR-33 promotes insulin resistance in key metabolic tissues. Contrary to previous reports, our data do not support a direct role for SREBP-1-mediated lipid synthesis in promoting these effects. Alternatively, in adipose tissue of miR-33−/− mice, we observe increased pre-adipocyte proliferation, enhanced lipid uptake, and impaired lipolysis. Moreover, we demonstrate that the driving force behind these abnormalities is increased food intake, which can be prevented by pair feeding with wild-type animals.
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35
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Snijders C, de Nijs L, Baker DG, Hauger RL, van den Hove D, Kenis G, Nievergelt CM, Boks MP, Vermetten E, Gage FH, Rutten BPF. MicroRNAs in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2019; 38:23-46. [PMID: 29063484 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2017_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can develop following exposure to or witnessing of a (potentially) threatening event. A critical issue is to pinpoint the (neuro)biological mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to stress-related disorder such as PTSD, which develops in the minority of ~15% of individuals exposed to trauma. Over the last few years, a first wave of epigenetic studies has been performed in an attempt to identify the molecular underpinnings of the long-lasting behavioral and mental effects of trauma exposure. The potential roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs) in moderating or mediating the impact of severe stress and trauma are increasingly gaining attention. To date, most studies focusing on the roles of miRNAs in PTSD have, however, been completed in animals, using cross-sectional study designs and focusing almost exclusively on subjects with susceptible phenotypes. Therefore, there is a strong need for new research comprising translational and cross-species approaches that use longitudinal designs for studying trajectories of change contrasting susceptible and resilient subjects. The present review offers a comprehensive overview of available studies of miRNAs in PTSD and discusses the current challenges, pitfalls, and future perspectives of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Snijders
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, (EURON), Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence de Nijs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, (EURON), Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Dewleen G Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Richard L Hauger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daniel van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, (EURON), Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, (EURON), Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marco P Boks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Vermetten
- Military Mental Health Research Center, Ministry of Defense, P.O. Box 90000, Utrecht, 3509 AA, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
- Arq Psychotrauma Research Group, Diemen, 1112 XE, The Netherlands
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, (EURON), Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
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36
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Yamawaki N, Li X, Lambot L, Ren LY, Radulovic J, Shepherd GMG. Long-range inhibitory intersection of a retrosplenial thalamocortical circuit by apical tuft-targeting CA1 neurons. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:618-626. [PMID: 30858601 PMCID: PMC6435388 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampus, granular retrosplenial cortex (RSCg), and anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) interact to mediate diverse cognitive functions. To identify cellular mechanisms underlying hippocampo-thalamo-retrosplenial interactions, we investigated the potential circuit suggested by projections to RSCg layer 1 (L1) from GABAergic CA1 neurons and ATN. We find that CA1→RSCg projections stem from GABAergic neurons with a distinct morphology, electrophysiology, and molecular profile. Their long-range axons inhibit L5 pyramidal neurons in RSCg via potent synapses onto apical tuft dendrites in L1. These inhibitory inputs intercept L1-targeting thalamocortical excitatory inputs from ATN to coregulate RSCg activity. Subicular axons, in contrast, excite proximal dendrites in deeper layers. Short-term plasticity differs at each connection. Chemogenetically abrogating CA1→RSCg or ATN→RSCg connections oppositely affects the encoding of contextual fear memory. Our findings establish retrosplenial-projecting CA1 neurons as a distinct class of long-range dendrite-targeting GABAergic neuron and delineate an unusual cortical circuit specialized for integrating long-range inhibition and thalamocortical excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamawaki
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laurie Lambot
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lynn Y Ren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gordon M G Shepherd
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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37
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Patel AA, Ganepola GA, Rutledge JR, Chang DH. The Potential Role of Dysregulated miRNAs in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis and Progression. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:1123-1145. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-181078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur A. Patel
- Department of Research, Center for Cancer Research and Genomic Medicine, The Valley Hospital, Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Ganepola A.P. Ganepola
- Department of Research, Center for Cancer Research and Genomic Medicine, The Valley Hospital, Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - John R. Rutledge
- Department of Oncology Special Program, The Daniel and Gloria Blumenthal Cancer Center, The Valley Hospital, Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - David H. Chang
- Department of Research, Center for Cancer Research and Genomic Medicine, The Valley Hospital, Paramus, NJ, USA
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38
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Downregulation of MicroRNA-33-5p Protected Bupivacaine-Induced Apoptosis in Murine Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Through GDNF. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:860-866. [PMID: 30617464 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we evaluated the functional role of microRNA-33-5p (miR-33-5p) in regulating bupivacaine (Bv)-induced neural apoptosis in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. DRG was extracted from adult mice and treated with BV in vitro. A TUNEL assay was applied to assess neural apoptosis among DRG cells. A qRT-PCR assay was applied to assess miR-33-5p expression among BV-treated DRG cells. MiR-33-5p was genetically knocked down in DRG cells. Its effect on BV-induced neural apoptosis was further evaluated by TUNEL assay. Correlation between miR-33-5p and its putative downstream target gene, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), was assessed by dual-luciferase activity and qRT-PCR assays, respectively. GDNF was then inhibited in miR-33-5p-downregulated DRG cells to further assess its functional regulation in BV-induced neural apoptosis. BV induced significant neural apoptosis, in a dose-dependent manner, in DRG cells in vitro. MiR-33-5p was upregulated by BV treatment, also in a dose-dependent manner in DRG cells. On the other hand, downregulation of miR-33-5p protected BV-induced DRG neural apoptosis. GDNF was shown to be inversely correlated with miR-33-5p in BV-treated DRG cells. Moreover, inhibiting GDNF was able to reverse the protection of miR-33-5p-downregulation on BV-induced DRG neural apoptosis. MiR-33-5p, through its inverse regulation on DGNF gene, modulates anesthesia-induced neural apoptosis in DRG cells.
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Osorio-Gómez D, Saldivar-Mares KS, Perera-López A, McGaugh JL, Bermúdez-Rattoni F. Early memory consolidation window enables drug induced state-dependent memory. Neuropharmacology 2018; 146:84-94. [PMID: 30485798 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that newly acquired information is stabilized over time by processes underlying memory consolidation, these events can be impaired by many drug treatments administered shortly after learning. The consolidation hypothesis has been challenged by a memory integration hypothesis, which suggests that the processes underlying new memories are vulnerable to incorporation of the neurobiological alterations induced by amnesic drugs generating a state-dependent memory. The present experiments investigated the effects of amnesic drugs infused into the insular cortex of male Wistar rats on memory for object recognition training. The findings provide evidence that infusions of several amnesic agents including a protein synthesis inhibitor, an RNA synthesis inhibitor, or an NMDA receptor antagonist administered both after a specific period of time and before retrieval induce state-dependent recognition memory. Additionally, when amnesic drugs were infused outside the early consolidation window, there was amnesia, but the amnesia was not state-dependent. Data suggest that amnesic agents can induce state-dependent memory when administered during the early consolidation window and only if the duration of the drug effect is long enough to become integrated to the memory trace. In consequence, there are boundary conditions in order to induce state-dependent memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Osorio-Gómez
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Karina S Saldivar-Mares
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aldo Perera-López
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - James L McGaugh
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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40
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Abstract
Rhythmicity and oscillations are common features in nature, and can be seen in phenomena such as seasons, breathing, and brain activity. Despite the fact that a single neuron transmits its activity to its neighbor through a transient pulse, rhythmic activity emerges from large population-wide activity in the brain, and such rhythms are strongly coupled with the state and cognitive functions of the brain. However, it is still debated whether the oscillations of brain activity actually carry information. Here, we briefly introduce the biological findings of brain oscillations, and summarize the recent progress in understanding how oscillations mediate brain function. Finally, we examine the possible relationship between brain cognitive function and oscillation, focusing on how oscillation is related to memory, particularly with respect to state-dependent memory formation and memory retrieval under specific brain waves. We propose that oscillatory waves in the neocortex contribute to the synchronization and activation of specific memory trace ensembles in the neocortex by promoting long-range neural communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Luo
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ji-Song Guan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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41
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Prenatal Exposure to Benzophenone-3 Impairs Autophagy, Disrupts RXRs/PPARγ Signaling, and Alters Epigenetic and Post-Translational Statuses in Brain Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4820-4837. [PMID: 30402708 PMCID: PMC6647400 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The UV absorber benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is the most extensively used chemical substance in various personal care products. Despite that BP-3 exposure is widespread, knowledge about the impact of BP-3 on the brain development is negligible. The present study aimed to explore the mechanisms of prenatal exposure to BP-3 in neuronal cells, with particular emphasis on autophagy and nuclear receptors signaling as well as the epigenetic and post-translational modifications occurring in response to BP-3. To observe the impact of prenatal exposure to BP-3, we administered BP-3 to pregnant mice, and next, we isolated brain tissue from pretreated embryos for primary cell neocortical culture. Our study revealed that prenatal exposure to BP-3 (used in environmentally relevant doses) impairs autophagy in terms of BECLIN-1, MAP1LC3B, autophagosomes, and autophagy-related factors; disrupts the levels of retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ); alters epigenetic status (i.e., attenuates HDAC and sirtuin activities); inhibits post-translational modifications in terms of global sumoylation; and dysregulates expression of neurogenesis- and neurotransmitter-related genes as well as miRNAs involved in pathologies of the nervous system. Our study also showed that BP-3 has good permeability through the BBB. We strongly suggest that BP-3-evoked effects may substantiate a fetal basis of the adult onset of neurological diseases, particularly schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease.
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Radulovic J, Lee R, Ortony A. State-Dependent Memory: Neurobiological Advances and Prospects for Translation to Dissociative Amnesia. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:259. [PMID: 30429781 PMCID: PMC6220081 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In susceptible individuals, overwhelming traumatic stress often results in severe abnormalities of memory processing, manifested either as the uncontrollable emergence of memories (flashbacks) or as an inability to remember events (dissociative amnesia, DA) that are usually, but not necessarily, related to the stressful experience. These memory abnormalities are often the source of debilitating psychopathologies such as anxiety, depression and social dysfunction. The question of why memory for some traumatic experiences is compromised while other comparably traumatic experiences are remembered perfectly well, both within and across individuals, has puzzled clinicians for decades. In this article, we present clinical, cognitive, and neurobiological perspectives on memory research relevant to DA. In particular, we examine the role of state dependent memory (wherein memories are difficult to recall unless the conditions at encoding and recall are similar), and discuss how advances in the neurobiology of state-dependent memory (SDM) gleaned from animal studies might be translated to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Royce Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrew Ortony
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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43
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A functional genetic variation of SLC6A2 repressor hsa-miR-579-3p upregulates sympathetic noradrenergic processes of fear and anxiety. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:226. [PMID: 30341278 PMCID: PMC6195525 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased sympathetic noradrenergic signaling is crucially involved in fear and anxiety as defensive states. MicroRNAs regulate dynamic gene expression during synaptic plasticity and genetic variation of microRNAs modulating noradrenaline transporter gene (SLC6A2) expression may thus lead to altered central and peripheral processing of fear and anxiety. In silico prediction of microRNA regulation of SLC6A2 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays and identified hsa-miR-579-3p as a regulating microRNA. The minor (T)-allele of rs2910931 (MAFcases = 0.431, MAFcontrols = 0.368) upstream of MIR579 was associated with panic disorder in patients (pallelic = 0.004, ncases = 506, ncontrols = 506) and with higher trait anxiety in healthy individuals (pASI = 0.029, pACQ = 0.047, n = 3112). Compared to the major (A)-allele, increased promoter activity was observed in luciferase reporter assays in vitro suggesting more effective MIR579 expression and SLC6A2 repression in vivo (p = 0.041). Healthy individuals carrying at least one (T)-allele showed a brain activation pattern suggesting increased defensive responding and sympathetic noradrenergic activation in midbrain and limbic areas during the extinction of conditioned fear. Panic disorder patients carrying two (T)-alleles showed elevated heart rates in an anxiety-provoking behavioral avoidance test (F(2, 270) = 5.47, p = 0.005). Fine-tuning of noradrenaline homeostasis by a MIR579 genetic variation modulated central and peripheral sympathetic noradrenergic activation during fear processing and anxiety. This study opens new perspectives on the role of microRNAs in the etiopathogenesis of anxiety disorders, particularly their cardiovascular symptoms and comorbidities.
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Jiang J, Wang GY, Luo W, Xie H, Guan JS. Mammillary body regulates state-dependent fear by alternating cortical oscillations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13471. [PMID: 30194318 PMCID: PMC6128928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
State-dependent memory describes a phenomenon that memory will be efficiently retrieved only when the brain state during retrieval matches the state during encoding. While a variety of psychoactive drugs, such as ethanol, cocaine, morphine and NMDA receptor antagonists, are able to induce state-dependent memory, the biological hallmark of brain state and neural mechanism of its regulation are still unknown. In this study, we found that MK-801 enhanced delta oscillations in awake mice, representing a drug-induced brain state, in which fear memory could only be successfully retrieved when the same drug condition was presented. We identified a key nucleus, mammillary body (MB), which regulates the specific brain state associated with MK-801. Chemogenetic silencing of MB neurons enhanced cortical delta oscillations and generated state-dependent memory. Moreover, optogenetic reconstitution of delta oscillations alone facilitated retrieval of fear memory encoded under MK-801. Our results indicated that delta oscillations in awake animals defined a specific brain state, in which memory formed is inaccessible under the normal condition, shining light on the neural mechanism underlying the fluctuation of memory retrieval and the role of MB in memory encoding and recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Guang-Yu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wenhan Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hong Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086, China.,Institute of Brain-intelligence Science and Technology, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ji-Song Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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45
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Polymorphisms that affect GABA neurotransmission predict processing of aversive prediction errors in humans. Neuroimage 2018; 176:179-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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46
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this focused review is to describe recent studies supporting a critical role of microRNAs in the regulation of ion channels and discuss the resulting implications for the modulation of neuronal excitability in epilepsy. RECENT FINDINGS MicroRNA-induced silencing of ion channels has been shown in several different studies in recent years, and some of these reports suggest a prominent role in epilepsy. The ion channels regulated by microRNAs include ligand- and voltage-gated channels and are not only limited to the central nervous system but have also been found in the peripheral nervous system. Ion channel-targeting microRNAs can regulate the intrinsic excitability of neurons, and thus influence entire networks in the brain. Their dysregulation in epilepsy may contribute to the disease phenotype. More research is needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms of how microRNAs regulate ion channels to control neuronal excitability, and how these processes are altered in epilepsy.
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47
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An Emerging Circuit Pharmacology of GABA A Receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:710-732. [PMID: 29903580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the past 20 years we have learned a great deal about GABAA receptor (GABAAR) subtypes, and which behaviors are regulated or which drug effects are mediated by each subtype. However, the question of where GABAARs involved in specific drug effects and behaviors are located in the brain remains largely unanswered. We review here recent studies taking a circuit pharmacology approach to investigate the functions of GABAAR subtypes in specific brain circuits controlling fear, anxiety, learning, memory, reward, addiction, and stress-related behaviors. The findings of these studies highlight the complexity of brain inhibitory systems and the importance of taking a subtype-, circuit-, and neuronal population-specific approach to develop future therapeutic strategies using cell type-specific drug delivery.
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Corcoran KA, Yamawaki N, Leaderbrand K, Radulovic J. Role of retrosplenial cortex in processing stress-related context memories. Behav Neurosci 2018; 132:388-395. [PMID: 29878804 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This work summarizes evidence for the role of RSC in processing fear-inducing context memories. Specifically, we discuss molecular, cellular, and network mechanisms by which RSC might contribute the processing of contextual fear memories. We focus on glutamatergic and cholinergic mechanisms underlying encoding, retrieval, and extinction of context-dependent fear. RSC mechanisms underlying retrieval of recently and remotely acquired memories are compared to memory mechanisms of anterior cortices. Due to the strong connectivity between hippocampus and RSC, we also compare the extent to which their mechanisms of encoding, retrieval, and extinction show overlap. At a theoretical level, we discuss the role of RSC in the framework of systems consolidation as well as retrieval-induced memory modulation. Lastly, we emphasize the implication of these findings for psychopathologies associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University
| | | | | | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University
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Noncoding RNAs: Stress, Glucocorticoids, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:849-865. [PMID: 29559087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a pathologic response to trauma that impacts ∼8% of the population and is highly comorbid with other disorders, such as traumatic brain injury. PTSD affects multiple biological systems throughout the body, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cortical function, and the immune system, and while the study of the biological underpinnings of PTSD and related disorders are numerous, the roles of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are just emerging. Moreover, deep sequencing has revealed that ncRNAs represent most of the transcribed mammalian genome. Here, we present developing evidence that ncRNAs are involved in critical aspects of PTSD pathophysiology. In that regard, we summarize the roles of three classes of ncRNAs in PTSD and related disorders: microRNAs, long-noncoding RNAs, and retrotransposons. This review evaluates findings from both animal and human studies with a special focus on the role of ncRNAs in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormalities and glucocorticoid dysfunction in PTSD and traumatic brain injury. We conclude that ncRNAs may prove to be useful biomarkers to facilitate personalized medicines for trauma-related brain disorders.
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Psychological stress can impact memory systems in several different ways. In individuals with healthy defense and coping systems, stress results in the formation of negatively valenced memories whose ability to induce emotional and somatic distress subsides with time. Vulnerable individuals, however, go on to develop stress-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suffer from significant memory abnormalities. Whether expressed as intrusive trauma memories, partial amnesia, or dissociative amnesia, such abnormalities are thought to be the core source of patients' symptoms, which are often debilitating and implicate an entire socio-cognitive-affective spectrum. Recent Findings With this in mind, and focusing on stress-responsive hippocampal microcircuits, this article highlights recent advances in the neurobiology of memory that allow us to (1) isolate and visualize memory circuits, (2) change their activity using genetic tools and state-dependent manipulations, and (3) directly examine their impact on socio-affective circuits and global network connectivity. By integrating these approaches, we are now in a position to address important questions that have troubled psychiatry for a long time-questions such as are traumatic memories special, and why are stress effects on memory diverse. Summary Furthering our fundamental understanding of memory in the framework of adaptive and maladaptive stress responses has the potential to boost the development of new treatments that can benefit patients suffering from psychological trauma.
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