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Wang X, Yan X, He B, Li B, Huang L, Li J, Lai R, Lai M, Xie H, Chen L. Global Burden and Trends of Acute Hepatitis C From 1990 to 2021: An Analysis Based on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study. J Viral Hepat 2025; 32:e70026. [PMID: 40145732 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.70026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025]
Abstract
Acute hepatitis C (AHC) represents a considerable challenge to global public health, although direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy has substantially improved therapeutic outcomes for hepatitis C virus infection. Data were exclusively obtained from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, which examined trends in the burden of AHC in terms of incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across 204 countries and territories globally from 2009 to 2021. In 2021, there were 7,009,910.02 incident cases, 5474.37 deaths and 266,087.98 DALYs due to AHC. Between 1990 and 2021, the number of incident cases increased by 24.61%, whereas mortality and DALYs cases decreased by 45.66% and 46.57%, respectively. The age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardised DALYs rate (ASDR) exhibited a declining trend. In 2021, the highest ASIRs of AHC were observed in Central Sub-Saharan Africa and Central Asia. At a national level, Mongolia and Egypt reported the highest ASIRs in 2021. The ASIR of AHC was similar in males and females, while females had higher ASMR and ASDR than males. The highest ASIR was observed in children under 5 years of age. Additionally, a negative association was found between the ASIR, ASMR, ASDR of AHC and sociodemographic index values at the regional and national levels. Our findings underscore the persistent severity of the global burden of AHC; effective and targeted strategies are needed to reduce the overall burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Wang
- The Joint Laboratory on Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases (TTDs) Between the Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Nanning Blood Center, Nanning Blood Center, Nanning, China
| | - Xipeng Yan
- The Joint Laboratory on Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases (TTDs) Between the Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Nanning Blood Center, Nanning Blood Center, Nanning, China
| | - Baoren He
- The Joint Laboratory on Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases (TTDs) Between the Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Nanning Blood Center, Nanning Blood Center, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Li
- The Joint Laboratory on Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases (TTDs) Between the Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Nanning Blood Center, Nanning Blood Center, Nanning, China
| | - Linbin Huang
- The Joint Laboratory on Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases (TTDs) Between the Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Nanning Blood Center, Nanning Blood Center, Nanning, China
| | - Jinlian Li
- The Joint Laboratory on Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases (TTDs) Between the Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Nanning Blood Center, Nanning Blood Center, Nanning, China
| | - Rongji Lai
- The Joint Laboratory on Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases (TTDs) Between the Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Nanning Blood Center, Nanning Blood Center, Nanning, China
| | - Mingshuang Lai
- The Joint Laboratory on Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases (TTDs) Between the Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Nanning Blood Center, Nanning Blood Center, Nanning, China
| | - He Xie
- The Xidian Group Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Limin Chen
- The Joint Laboratory on Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases (TTDs) Between the Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Nanning Blood Center, Nanning Blood Center, Nanning, China
- The Xidian Group Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Tamaki N, Huang DQ, Lee HW, Park SY, Lee YR, Sinn DH, Lim TS, Marusawa H, Lim SG, Ochi H, Kondo M, Uchida Y, Kobashi H, Furuta K, Kurosaki M, Kim BK. Head-to-Head Comparison of Long-Term HCC Risk of Antivirals-Treated Versus Untreated Low-Level Viremia in HBV-Compensated Cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2025. [PMID: 40288767 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2025] [Accepted: 04/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected compensated cirrhosis and low-level viremia, there are limited data for comparative outcomes between those treated with oral nucleos(t)ide analogs versus those not. We conducted a large, multi-ethnic, multi-center study to examine the impact of antiviral treatment (AVT) on long-term hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk for compensated cirrhosis and low-level viremia. METHODS Patients with compensated cirrhosis and low-level viremia (serum HBV-DNA 20-2000 IU/mL) at baseline or before AVT were screened for eligibility from 19 hospitals in South Korea, Singapore, and Japan. The primary outcome was HCC development, compared between those receiving AVT versus those untreated throughout follow-up. RESULTS Among 848 patients (mean age 55.7 years and 66.9% male), AVT (n = 233) was associated with significantly lower annual HCC incidence compared to non-AVT (n = 615); 1.72/100 versus 2.99/100 person-years (PY), respectively (p = 0.033). Multivariable Cox-regression analyses determined that AVT was associated with significantly lower HCC risk, compared to non-AVT (adjusted HR [HR] 0.514, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.271-0.976; p = 0.042). In a landmark analysis, HCC incidence was similar between two groups until 18 months, but after this landmark, the treated group had the significantly lower HCC risk compared to untreated group (p = 0.012). Furthermore, propensity score-matching analysis consistently showed that AVT was associated with significantly lower HCC risk, compared to non-AVT; the annual HCC incidence of 1.45/100 PYs versus 2.73/100 PY, respectively (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS Patients with compensated cirrhosis and low-level viremia may benefit from long-term AVT, highlighting appropriate amendment of reimbursement guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuharu Tamaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Q Huang
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Hyung Woong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Rim Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sinn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Seop Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroyuki Marusawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seng Gee Lim
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Hironori Ochi
- Center for Liver-Biliary-Pancreatic Disease, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Japanese Red Cross Otsu Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Matsue Red Cross Hospital, Matsue, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kobashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Furuta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Masuda Red Cross Hospital, Masuda, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurosaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Beom Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ploeger L, Elshoff PL, Kortus-Goetze B, Hoyer J, Russwurm M, Wild J. Utilization of Organs from Hepatitis C-Antibody-Positive or RNA-Positive Donors in Kidney Transplantation: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes and Safety. J Clin Med 2025; 14:2653. [PMID: 40283483 PMCID: PMC12028162 DOI: 10.3390/jcm14082653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2025] [Revised: 04/03/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The shortage of donor organs in transplant medicine remains a challenge. Kidney transplantation from Hepatitis C (HCV)-positive donors to HCV-negative recipients expands the donor pool. Limited data suggest this approach as safe when combined with modern antiviral therapies. This study evaluates the safety of such transplantations in terms of viral transmission and graft function. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 205 kidney transplantations at the University Medical Center Marburg (January 2017-January 2024) was conducted. Eight recipients received kidneys from HCV-antibody-positive (HCV-Antibody+) and RNA-negative donors (HCV-RNA-), and five received kidneys from HCV-RNA-positive (HCV-RNA+) donors. Recipient demographics, donor factors, and transplantation parameters were analyzed. Repeated virological surveillance as well as graft function and complications were assessed within the first year after transplantation. Results: HCV-RNA+ donor recipients received Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir for three months starting immediately at transplantation, while HCV-Antibody+ and HCV-RNA- donor recipients did not receive antiviral therapy. After 12 months, both groups exhibited comparable graft function (serum creatinine: HCV-Antibody+/RNA- 1.3 ± 0.4 mg/dL vs. HCV-RNA+ 1.8 ± 0.5 mg/dL, p = 0.6) without proteinuria. No hepatic complications or significant inflammation occurred. No HCV-RNA was detected in any patient at any time under the selected treatment regimen. Conclusions: This single-center study supports the safety of kidney transplantation from HCV-positive donors. Preemptive Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir therapy effectively prevents HCV transmission, offering a viable option to expand the donor pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ploeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (L.P.)
| | - Philipp Luetke Elshoff
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (L.P.)
| | - Birgit Kortus-Goetze
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (L.P.)
| | - Joachim Hoyer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (L.P.)
| | - Martin Russwurm
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (L.P.)
- Pharmacological Institute, University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Wild
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (L.P.)
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Giannini EG, Mangia A, Morisco F, Toniutto P, Avogaro A, Fagiuoli S, Borghi C, Frigerio F, Nugnes M, Veronesi C, Cappuccilli M, Andretta M, Bacca M, Barbieri A, Bartolini F, Chinellato G, Ciaccia A, Lombardi R, Mancini D, Pagliaro R, Ubertazzo L, Degli Esposti L, Ponziani FR. A Real-World Analysis of the Population with Hepatitis C Virus Infection Affected by Type 2 Diabetes in Italy: Patients' Characteristics, Comorbidity Profiles and Treatment Patterns. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2025; 61:614. [PMID: 40282905 PMCID: PMC12028345 DOI: 10.3390/medicina61040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2025] [Revised: 03/23/2025] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: HCV infection represents a main risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). This real-world analysis investigated the HCV-positive (HCV+) population with a T2D co-diagnosis in Italy. Methods: From 2017 to 2021, HCV+ patients were identified from administrative databases and stratified into T2D-HCV+ and HCV+-only cohorts in the presence/absence of a T2D diagnosis. Both cohorts were further divided by treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). The subgroups were compared for demographic variables, comorbidity profiles, most frequent hospitalizations, and drug prescriptions before inclusion. A sensitivity analysis was performed on patients included after 2019, the year of widespread use of pangenotypic DAAs. Results: Considering HCV+ patients aged ≥55 years, T2D-HCV+ patients (N = 1277) were significantly (p < 0.001) older than HCV+-only (N = 6576) ones and burdened by a worse comorbidity profile (average Charlson index: 1.4 vs. 0.3, p < 0.05). Moreover, regardless of T2D presence, DAA-treated patients were older (p < 0.001) and had a worse Charlson index than the untreated ones. T2D-HCV+ patients showed tendentially higher hospitalization rates and co-medication prescriptions compared to the HCV+-only patients. After 2019, a trend towards reduced co-medication use in DAA-treated patients was noticed, especially antibiotics and cardiovascular drugs. Conclusions: The co-presence of T2D in HCV+ patients resulted in a worse clinical status, as confirmed by the more frequent requirement of hospitalizations and complex polypharmacy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Mangia
- Liver Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Filomena Morisco
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Toniutto
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Stefano Fagiuoli
- Gastroenterology Hepatology and Transplantation Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy;
- Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Milan Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS AOU S. Orsola di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | | | - Marta Nugnes
- CliCon S.r.l. Società Benefit, Health, Economics & Outcomes Research, 40137 Bologna, Italy; (M.N.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (L.D.E.)
| | - Chiara Veronesi
- CliCon S.r.l. Società Benefit, Health, Economics & Outcomes Research, 40137 Bologna, Italy; (M.N.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (L.D.E.)
| | - Maria Cappuccilli
- CliCon S.r.l. Società Benefit, Health, Economics & Outcomes Research, 40137 Bologna, Italy; (M.N.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (L.D.E.)
| | - Margherita Andretta
- UOC Assistenza Farmaceutica Territoriale, Azienda ULSS 8 Berica, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (M.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Marcello Bacca
- Programmazione e Controllo di Gestione, ASL Brindisi, 72100 Brindisi, Italy;
| | - Antonella Barbieri
- SC Farmaceutica Territoriale, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Vercelli (ASL VC), 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Fausto Bartolini
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico USL Umbria 2, Coordinatore della Cabina di Regia Regione Umbria Sulla Governance Farmaceutica, 05100 Terni, Italy;
| | - Gianmarco Chinellato
- UOC Assistenza Farmaceutica Territoriale, Azienda ULSS 8 Berica, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (M.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Andrea Ciaccia
- Servizio Farmaceutico Territoriale, ASL Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (A.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Renato Lombardi
- Servizio Farmaceutico Territoriale, ASL Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (A.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Daniela Mancini
- UOSD Pianificazione Acquisti Farmaci e Beni Sanitari, ASL Brindisi, 72100 Brindisi, Italy;
| | - Romina Pagliaro
- UOC Farmaceutica Territoriale, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma 5, 00019 Tivoli, Italy;
| | | | - Luca Degli Esposti
- CliCon S.r.l. Società Benefit, Health, Economics & Outcomes Research, 40137 Bologna, Italy; (M.N.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (L.D.E.)
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Liver Unit, CEMAD-Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Razavi ZS, Ramazani A, Zarei A. Identification of potent multi-target antiviral natural compounds from the fungal metabolites against aspartyl viral polymerases. Sci Rep 2025; 15:8704. [PMID: 40082688 PMCID: PMC11906821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-93316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Since viral polymerases are responsible for viral replication, they are a prime target in antiviral drug development. The present study evaluated the antiviral potential of 174 secondary metabolites of the Sordariales order against aspartyl polymerases, including hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5B (HCV NS5B) and Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (SARS CoV-2 RdRp). A two-step virtual screening was performed, identifying 76 ligands binding to the active site, while 10 showed binding energies below -7 kcal/mol. Ligands 1-3 exhibited better binding affinities than the Ribavirin. Lig-3 demonstrated the most intense interaction. These interacted through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with the key catalytic motifs that may disrupt viral replication by inhibiting polymerase activities. Next, the effects of these ligands induced in polymerase structure and dynamics were analyzed by 300 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, showing that ligand binding altered structural dynamics in critical motifs responsible for NTP and RNA template binding. RMSF and PCA analyses revealed reduced protein mobility and significant structural destabilization, particularly for Lig-1 and Lig-3 in SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and Lig-2 and Lig-3 in HCV NS5B. Additionally, Rg and SASA analyses indicated structural compression in ligand-bound complexes, corroborating the hypothesis of enzymatic inhibition. MM/PBSA analysis highlighted Lig-1 and Lig-3 as having stronger binding energies for SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, while Lig-3 and Lig-2 displayed higher binding energies for HCV NS5B. With promising ADME/T properties, Lig-3 is a promising multi-target antiviral candidate against HCV NS5B and SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, meriting further in vitro and in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran.
| | - Armin Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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Li Y, Chen B, Yang S, Jiao Z, Zhang M, Yang Y, Gao Y. Advances in environmental pollutant detection techniques: Enhancing public health monitoring and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2025; 197:109365. [PMID: 40101528 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
Accurate detection and monitoring of environmental pollutants are of paramount importance for disease prevention and public health. In recent years, the ever-expanding human activities and industrial production have given rise to a sharp increase in the complexity and variety of these pollutants, which pose significant threats to human well - being. Environmental pollutants stem from multiple sources, such as heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, inorganic non - metallic pollutants, emerging pollutants, and biological contaminants. Traditional detection technologies, though valuable for their sensitivity and accuracy, are constrained by complex sample preparation, poor selectivity, and the absence of standardized detection methods. On the other hand, emerging technologies, including nanotechnology, molecular detection methods, biosensors, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), multi-omics, and big data analysis, offer promising solutions for rapid and sensitive pollutant detection. The establishment of environmental monitoring networks and data - sharing platforms further enhances real - time pollutant monitoring and provides solid data support for public health initiatives. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including data integration, exposure assessment, and the development of cost-effective and portable detection solutions. Future progress in interdisciplinary approaches and technology integration will be crucial for advancing environmental pollutant detection and facilitating comprehensive disease prevention. This review systematically classifies environmental pollutants and showcases the latest advancements in detection technologies, offering critical insights for environmental monitoring and public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Heilongjiang Eye Hospital, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310009, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China; Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu, Penttikaiterankatu 1, 90570, Oulu, Finland; Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150006, PR China.
| | - Biqing Chen
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China.
| | - Shuaifei Yang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| | - Zhe Jiao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| | - Meichen Zhang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
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Ran X, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zeng C, Gong C, Wang N, Cai D. Genotype 3 is linked to worse liver disease progression in hepatitis C patients even after SVR following DAA therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2025; 15:1510939. [PMID: 39963406 PMCID: PMC11830654 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1510939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Background and aims HCV genotype (GT) 3 is associated with rapid liver disease progression. However, the liver disease progression and its risk factors in patients with HCV GT 3 infection after sustained virological response (SVR) following direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the liver disease progression of patients with GT 3 after SVR. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with HCV infection who achieved SVR by DAAs. The clinical outcome was overall liver disease progression (OLDP), defined as newly diagnosed compensated liver cirrhosis, decompensated liver cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. The incidence of OLDP was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox regression analysis identified the risk factors for OLDP. Results A total of 409 patients (46.9% GT3) were followed for 43.7 (32.9, 58.7) months. The incidence of OLDP was higher in patients with GT 3 (4.63/100PY) than non-GT 3 (0.60/100PY; P < 0.001). According to Cox multivariate analysis, GT 3 was significantly associated with OLDP (HR 6.41, 95% CI 1.82 - 22.56; P=0.004). The predictors of OLDP in patients with GT 3 were HCV recurrence (HR 12.15, 95% CI 3.18 - 46.46; P < 0.001) and FIB-4 > 3.25 (HR 16.40, 95% CI 1.03 - 39.81; P = 0.046) at baseline. Conclusion HCV GT 3-infected patients remain at a higher risk of OLDP even after achieving SVR by DAAs, especially patients with advanced liver fibrosis and at high risk for reinfection or virological late relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chonggang General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Gong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ni Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dachuan Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Cardoso Corrêa-Dias L, Lopes-Ribeiro Á, Marques-Ferreira G, Gomes-de-Pontes L, Pereira-Santos TA, de Sousa Reis EV, Silva Moraes TDF, Assis Martins-Filho O, Figueiredo Barbosa-Stancioli E, Guimarães da Fonseca F, Coelho-Dos-Reis JG. HCV immunodominant peptide mapping reveals unique HLA-A*02-restricted signatures: insights for CD8 + T-cell-based vaccines and immunotherapies. Immunogenetics 2025; 77:13. [PMID: 39890694 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-025-01370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
Several barriers for the development of an HCV vaccine still exist, including the genetic diversity of the virus, and the shortage of assessable models for in vitro and in vivo assays. Therefore, in this study, HCV epitope mapping was performed for 59 polyprotein sequences from 7 HCV genotypes. Around 2,880 peptides were considered epitopes for CD8+ T cells. The peptide induction of cytokines from Th1 and/or Th2 axes of the cellular immune response was assessed, indicating a tendency for Th2 axis. In vitro evaluation was performed using peptide microarray and a recombinant HLA-A*02:01 molecule. A total of 615 peptides of high reactivity to HLA-A*02:01 were identified, with predominance of leucine and tryptophan residues, highlighting their importance for TCR-epitope binding and CD8+ T activation. Finally, HCV-derived peptide patterns restricted to HLA-A2*02:01 observed in this study provide important information for the development of a multi-epitope-based pan-genotypic vaccine against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cardoso Corrêa-Dias
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica E Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ágata Lopes-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica E Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Geovane Marques-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica E Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Letícia Gomes-de-Pontes
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica E Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thaiza Aline Pereira-Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica E Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Erik Vinicius de Sousa Reis
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica E Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thaís de Fátima Silva Moraes
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica E Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1,715, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30190-009, Brazil
| | - Edel Figueiredo Barbosa-Stancioli
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica E Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Flávio Guimarães da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica E Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jordana Grazziela Coelho-Dos-Reis
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica E Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
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9
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Chen L, Elizalde M, Alvarez-Sola G. The Role of Sulfatides in Liver Health and Disease. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2025; 30:25077. [PMID: 39862071 DOI: 10.31083/fbl25077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
Sulfatides or 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide are negatively charged sulfated glycosphingolipids abundant in the brain and kidneys and play crucial roles in nerve impulse conduction and urinary pH regulation. Sulfatides are present in the liver, specifically in the biliary tract. Sulfatides are self-lipid antigens presented by cholangiocytes to activate cluster of differentiation 1d (CD1d)-restricted type II natural killer T (NKT) cells. These cells are involved in alcohol-related liver disease (ArLD) and ischemic liver injury and exert anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the activity of pro-inflammatory type I NKT cells. Loss of sulfatides has been implicated in the chronic inflammatory disorder of the liver known as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC); bile ducts deficient in sulfatides increase their permeability, resulting in the spread of bile into the liver parenchyma. Previous studies have shown elevated levels of sulfatides in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where sulfatides could act as adhesive molecules that contribute to cancer metastasis. We have recently demonstrated how loss of function of GAL3ST1, a limiting enzyme involved in sulfatide synthesis, reduces tumorigenic capacity in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells. The biological function of sulfatides in the liver is still unclear; however, this review aims to summarize the existing findings on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Montserrat Elizalde
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gloria Alvarez-Sola
- Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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10
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Cai H, Zhang J, Chen C, Shen J, Zhang X, Peng W, Li C, Lv H, Wen T. Prognostic assessment of early-stage liver cirrhosis induced by HCV using an integrated model of CX3CR1-associated immune infiltration genes. Sci Rep 2025; 15:1771. [PMID: 39800763 PMCID: PMC11725579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-80422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) Receptor 1 (CX3CR1) primarily mediates the chemotaxis and adhesion of immune cells. However, its role in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced early-stage liver cirrhosis remains unexplored. GSE15654 was downloaded from the GEO database. The Cox regression model, CIBERSORT, and LASSO technique were utilized to identify CX3CR1-associated immune infiltration genes (IIGs). Surgical resection samples were collected for verification, including 3 healthy controls (HC), 4 individuals with HCV-induced hepatic cirrhosis, and 3 with HCV-induced liver failure. High CX3CR1 expression correlated with worse prognosis in early-stage cirrhosis. CX3CR1-associated IIGs, namely ACTIN4, CD1E, TMCO1, and WSF1, were identified, showing specific expression in the livers of individuals with post-hepatic cirrhosis and liver failure compared to HC. LOC400499 and MTHFD2 were elevated in individuals with liver failure in comparison to those with hepatocirrhosis. Notably, high infiltration of plasma cells and low infiltration of monocytes were predictive of poor prognosis in early-stage cirrhosis. The combined risk model predicted that high expression of CX3CR1-associated IIGs and increased infiltration of plasma cells were associated with unfavorable prognosis in individuals with HCV-induced early-stage liver cirrhosis. The developed combined risk model effectively predicted the prognosis of these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozheng Cai
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Biliary Tract, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuwen Chen
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haopeng Lv
- Department of General Surgery, ChengDu Shi Xinjin Qu Renmin Yiyuan: People's Hospital of Xinjin District, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianfu Wen
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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11
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Xiao J, Cao Y, Li X, Xu L, Wang Z, Huang Z, Mu X, Qu Y, Xu Y. Elucidation of Factors Affecting the Age-Dependent Cancer Occurrence Rates. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 26:275. [PMID: 39796131 PMCID: PMC11720044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2024] [Revised: 12/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Cancer occurrence rates exhibit diverse age-related patterns, and understanding them may shed new and important light on the drivers of cancer evolution. This study systematically analyzes the age-dependent occurrence rates of 23 carcinoma types, focusing on their age-dependent distribution patterns, the determinants of peak occurrence ages, and the significant difference between the two genders. According to the SEER reports, these cancer types have two types of age-dependent occurrence rate (ADOR) distributions, with most having a unimodal distribution and a few having a bimodal distribution. Our modeling analyses have revealed that (1) the first type can be naturally and simply explained using two age-dependent parameters: the total number of stem cell divisions in an organ from birth to the current age and the availability levels of bloodborne growth factors specifically needed by the cancer (sub)type, and (2) for the second type, the first peak is due to viral infection, while the second peak can be explained as in (1) for each cancer type. Further analyses indicate that (i) the iron level in an organ makes the difference between the male and female cancer occurrence rates, and (ii) the levels of sex hormones are the key determinants in the onset age of multiple cancer types. This analysis deepens our understanding of the dynamics of cancer evolution shared by diverse cancer types and provides new insights that are useful for cancer prevention and therapeutic strategies, thereby addressing critical gaps in the current paradigm of oncological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (J.X.); (X.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.H.)
- Systems Biology Laboratory for Metabolic Reprogramming, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (L.X.); (X.M.)
| | - Yangkun Cao
- Systems Biology Laboratory for Metabolic Reprogramming, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (L.X.); (X.M.)
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (J.X.); (X.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.H.)
- Systems Biology Laboratory for Metabolic Reprogramming, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (L.X.); (X.M.)
| | - Long Xu
- Systems Biology Laboratory for Metabolic Reprogramming, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (L.X.); (X.M.)
| | - Zhihang Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (J.X.); (X.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.H.)
- Systems Biology Laboratory for Metabolic Reprogramming, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (L.X.); (X.M.)
| | - Zhenyu Huang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (J.X.); (X.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.H.)
- Systems Biology Laboratory for Metabolic Reprogramming, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (L.X.); (X.M.)
| | - Xuechen Mu
- Systems Biology Laboratory for Metabolic Reprogramming, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (L.X.); (X.M.)
- School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yinwei Qu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (J.X.); (X.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.H.)
- Systems Biology Laboratory for Metabolic Reprogramming, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (L.X.); (X.M.)
| | - Ying Xu
- Systems Biology Laboratory for Metabolic Reprogramming, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (L.X.); (X.M.)
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12
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Hsiao YC, Chang CW, Yeh CT, Ke PY. Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Activates Mitophagy Through Cargo Receptor and Phagophore Formation. Pathogens 2024; 13:1139. [PMID: 39770398 PMCID: PMC11680023 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13121139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2024] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Chronic HCV infection is a risk factor for end-stage liver disease, leading to a major burden on public health. Mitophagy is a specific form of selective autophagy that eliminates mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial integrity. HCV NS5A is a multifunctional protein that regulates the HCV life cycle and may induce host mitophagy. However, the molecular mechanism by which HCV NS5A activates mitophagy remains largely unknown. Here, for the first time, we delineate the dynamic process of HCV NS5A-activated PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. By performing live-cell imaging and CLEM analyses of HCV NS5A-expressing cells, we demonstrate the degradation of mitochondria within autophagic vacuoles, a process that is dependent on Parkin and ubiquitin translocation onto mitochondria and PINK1 stabilization. In addition, the cargo receptors of mitophagy, NDP52 and OPTN, are recruited to the mitochondria and required for HCV NS5A-induced mitophagy. Moreover, ATG5 and DFCP1, which function in autophagosome closure and phagophore formation, are translocated near mitochondria for HCV NS5A-induced mitophagy. Furthermore, autophagy-initiating proteins, including ATG14 and ULK1, are recruited near the mitochondria for HCV NS5A-triggered mitophagy. Together, these findings demonstrate that HCV NS5A may induce PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy through the recognition of mitochondria by cargo receptors and the nascent formation of phagophores close to mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chao Hsiao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (C.-W.C.)
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
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13
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Lyu W, Qin H, Li Q, Lu D, Shi C, Zhao K, Zhang S, Yu R, Zhang H, Zhou X, Xia S, Zhang L, Wang X, Chi X, Liu Z. Novel mechanistic insights - A brand new Era for anti-HBV drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 279:116854. [PMID: 39276582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) remains a critical global health issue, with substantial morbidity and mortality. Current therapies, including interferons and nucleoside analogs, often fail to achieve complete cure or functional eradication. This review explores recent advances in anti-HBV agents, focusing on their innovative mechanisms of action. HBV entry inhibitors target the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) receptor, impeding viral entry, while nucleus translocation inhibitors disrupt key viral life cycle steps, preventing replication. Capsid assembly modulators inhibit covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) formation, aiming to eradicate the persistent viral reservoir. Transcription inhibitors targeting cccDNA and integrated DNA offer significant potential to suppress HBV replication. Immunomodulatory agents are highlighted for their ability to enhance host immune responses, facil-itating better control and possible eradication of HBV. These novel approaches represent significant advancements in HBV therapy, providing new strategies to overcome current treatment limitations. The development of cccDNA reducers is particularly critical, as they directly target the persistent viral reservoir, offering a promising pathway towards achieving a functional cure or complete viral eradication. Continued research in this area is essential to advance the effectiveness of anti-HBV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Haoming Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dehua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Cheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Kangchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Shengran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Ruohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Sitian Xia
- Beijing National Day School, Beijing, 100089, PR China
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No.8 East Rongjing Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area (BDA), Beijing, 100176, PR China.
| | - Xiaowei Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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14
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Das E, Samantaray M, Abrol K, Basumatari J, Pushan SS, Ramaswamy A. Development of a Multiple-Epitope-Based Vaccine for Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes 1a and 1b: an in-silico reverse vaccinology approach. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:100. [PMID: 39524457 PMCID: PMC11549267 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-transmitted virus responsible for persistent inflammation, presenting a substantial worldwide health challenge. HCV, characterized by a positive-stranded ribonucleic acid genome, possesses an intricate genetic makeup encoding both structural and non-structural proteins, crucial for sustaining its life cycle. The Direct Acting Antivirals have revolutionized the treatment landscape of HCV promoting higher Sustained Virological Response rates. Despite significant advancements in treatment, no vaccines are currently available against HCV. The development of effective HCV vaccines becomes challenging as the genetic diversity of HCV virus and its complex nature of the immune response required for protection. In this work, the immunoinformatics methods were utilized to develop a multiple-epitope-based vaccine towards an effective treatment against the viral HCV polyprotein. The vaccine was constructed by T-cell epitopes extracted from the viral polyprotein of HCV genotypes 1a and 1b. The vaccine was highly antigenic, non-toxic, and non-allergenic. Effective binding of the designed vaccine construct was studied by forming complexes with the human immune Toll-Like Receptors; TLR3 and TLR8. The MD simulation of these receptor-vaccine complexes were performed for 50ns and the immunological simulation of modeled vaccine in presence of receptors for 365 days timeline validated the stability of the constructed vaccine. The in-silico vaccine construct developed from this work might be beneficial as prophylactic measures against the HCV variants, if explored further in in vivo and in vitro methods. Consequently, this research outcome is presumed to have implications in the development of safer and more efficient vaccines for lethal diseases. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-024-00275-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enakshi Das
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry India
| | - Mahesh Samantaray
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry India
| | - Kajal Abrol
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry India
| | - Jayarani Basumatari
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry India
| | - Shilpa Sri Pushan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry India
| | - Amutha Ramaswamy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry India
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15
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Ke PY, Yeh CT. Functional Role of Hepatitis C Virus NS5A in the Regulation of Autophagy. Pathogens 2024; 13:980. [PMID: 39599533 PMCID: PMC11597459 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Many types of RNA viruses, including the hepatitis C virus (HCV), activate autophagy in infected cells to promote viral growth and counteract the host defense response. Autophagy acts as a catabolic pathway in which unnecessary materials are removed via the lysosome, thus maintaining cellular homeostasis. The HCV non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein is a phosphoprotein required for viral RNA replication, virion assembly, and the determination of interferon (IFN) sensitivity. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that HCV NS5A can induce autophagy to promote mitochondrial turnover and the degradation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF-1α) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1). In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the detailed mechanism by which HCV NS5A triggers autophagy, and outline the physiological significance of the balance between host-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
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16
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Xie Y, Hu Q, Duan G, Wang F, Feng F, Li D, Jiang W, Ji W, Zhu P, Zhang X, Long J, Feng H, Yang H, Chen S, Jin Y. NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to acute liver injury caused by CVA6 infection in mice. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:1251. [PMID: 39501208 PMCID: PMC11539563 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coxsackievirus (CV) A6 has emerged as an important causative agent in global outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which typically presents as a mild illness with a large generalized rash, herpes. However, some patients can develop encephalitis, pneumonia, myocarditis and liver injury. Our previous study took the view that CVA6 could replicate in mouse liver, leading to acute liver injury; however, the precise underlying mechanism remains elusive. METHODS 10-day-old wild-type (WT, C57BL/6J) and NLRP3 knock-out (KO) mice were intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculated with a lethal dose of the CVA6 strain. The muscle homogenate supernatant from normal mice was used to inoculate mock-infected mice. At 5 days post infection (dpi), the mouse liver was taken out for histopathological analyses and molecular biology experiments. RESULTS Our in vivo experiments demonstrated that CVA6 caused severe liver injury in mice, as evidenced by pathological changes in liver slices, elevated liver injury markers (e.g., AST, ALT, LDH) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β). Further results revealed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome characterized by the increase in the expression of NLRP3, Cleaved-Casp-1 (p20), mature IL-1β and IL-18. Importantly, upon CVA6 infection, NLRP3 KO mice exhibited attenuated pathological damage and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines production (e.g., TNF-α and IL-1β) compared with WT mice. Finally, increased levels of blood ALT, AST, LDH were strongly correlated with the severity of CVA6 patients. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings suggest that the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in CVA6 infection-induced acute liver injury, providing novel insights into CVA6 infection associated adverse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Quanman Hu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wangquan Ji
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Peiyu Zhu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jinzhao Long
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huifen Feng
- Department of Infection Control, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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He Y, Ye S, Zhang W, Lu R, Lin J, Zhou C, Wu G. HCV RNA positivity among hepatitis C patients in Chongqing, China from 2004 to 2021: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:1236. [PMID: 39702202 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial number of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections have been diagnosed and reported, yet not all reported patients have received treatment, leading to uncertainties in the progression of the virus within these cases. This study aimed to assess the rate of HCV RNA positivity in the reported cases in Chongqing, China and identify key groups. METHODS An investigation was conducted on 6,333 hepatitis C cases who were reported in the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention in 17 districts of Chongqing, China from 2004 to 2021. The process involved collecting venous blood for HCV RNA and genotype testing, as well as gathering case information through a questionnaire. The analysis focused on comparing the HCV RNA positive rates among patients with different characteristics to identify key groups. RESULTS The HCV RNA positive rate was 37.7% among 6,333 cases. Patients who had never received treatment (47.6%) and those treated with interferon (25.6%) showed higher positive rates than those treated with DAAs (8.1%). HCV RNA positive rates were generally higher in the following groups: males, aged 40-49 years and 50-59 years, farmers or manual laborers and the unemployed or job-seeking. Patients with higher income exhibited lower HCV RNA positive rate. CONCLUSIONS A considerable portion of reported hepatitis C cases in Chongqing remained HCV RNA positive. Multiple factors contributed to HCV RNA positivity among these patients, necessitating comprehensive interventions to promote adherence to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping He
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, 400707, China
| | - Shaodong Ye
- National Center for AIDS and STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, 400707, China
| | - Rongrong Lu
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, 400707, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, 400707, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, 400707, China.
| | - Guohui Wu
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, 400707, China.
- National Center for AIDS and STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
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18
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Yamauchi K, Maekawa S, Osawa L, Komiyama Y, Nakakuki N, Takada H, Muraoka M, Suzuki Y, Sato M, Takano S, Enomoto N. Single-molecule sequencing of the whole HCV genome revealed envelope deletions in decompensated cirrhosis associated with NS2 and NS5A mutations. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:1021-1036. [PMID: 39225750 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-024-02146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defective hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomes with deletion of the envelope region have been occasionally reported by short-read sequencing analyses. However, the clinical and virological details of such deletion HCV have not been fully elucidated. METHODS We developed a highly accurate single-molecule sequencing system for full-length HCV genes by combining the third-generation nanopore sequencing with rolling circle amplification (RCA) and investigated the characteristics of deletion HCV through the analysis of 21 patients chronically infected with genotype-1b HCV. RESULT In 5 of the 21 patients, a defective HCV genome with approximately 2000 bp deletion from the E1 to NS2 region was detected, with the read frequencies of 34-77%, suggesting the trans-complementation of the co-infecting complete HCV. Deletion HCV was found exclusively in decompensated cirrhosis (5/12 patients), and no deletion HCV was observed in nine compensated patients. Comparing the amino acid substitutions between the deletion and complete HCV (DAS, deletion-associated substitutions), the deletion HCV showed higher amino acid mutations in the ISDR (interferon sensitivity-determining region) in NS5A, and also in the TMS (transmembrane segment) 3 to H (helix) 2 region of NS2. CONCLUSIONS Defective HCV genome with deletion of envelope genes is associated with decompensated cirrhosis. The deletion HCV seems susceptible to innate immunity, such as endogenous interferon with NS5A mutations, escaping from acquired immunity with deletion of envelope proteins with potential modulation of replication capabilities with NS2 mutations. The relationship between these mutations and liver damage caused by HCV deletion is worth investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shinya Maekawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Leona Osawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Komiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Natsuko Nakakuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hitomi Takada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masaru Muraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Enomoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
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Pham YTH, Huang DQ, Zhang Z, Ng CH, Tan DJH, Nguyen HC, Nguyen TC, Behari J, Yuan JM, Luu HN. Changing global epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C virus-related outcomes from 2010 to 2019: cirrhosis is the growing burden of hepatitis C virus-related disease. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024; 33:512-524. [PMID: 38568179 PMCID: PMC11416569 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a long-term impact on hepatic consequences. A comprehensive evaluation of the global burden of HCV-related health outcomes can help to develop a global HCV prevention and treatment program. METHODS We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study to comprehensively investigate burden and temporal trends in incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of HCV-related diseases, including liver cancer and cirrhosis and other liver diseases across 264 countries and territories from 2010 to 2019. RESULTS Globally, there were 152 225 incident cases, 141 811 deaths and approximately 2.9 million DALYs because of HCV-related liver cancer, and 551 668 incident cases, 395 022 deaths and about 12.2 million DALYs because of HCV-related cirrhosis in 2019. Worldwide, during the 2010-2019 period, liver cancer incidence declined, however, there was a 62% increase in cirrhosis incidence. In 2019, the Eastern Mediterranean was the region with the highest rates of incidence and mortality of both liver cancer and cirrhosis. Africa was the region with the fastest-growing trend of incidence of cirrhosis in the 2010-2019 period [annual percentage change (APC) = 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.93-2.25], followed by the Western Pacific region (APC = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09-1.22). Americas were the only region observing increased trends in liver cancer and cirrhosis mortality (APC = 0.70 and 0.12, respectively). We identified three patterns of temporal trends of mortality rates of liver cancer and cirrhosis in countries that reported HCV treatment rates. CONCLUSION Urgent measures are required for diagnosis, treatment and research on HCV-related cirrhosis at global, regional and country levels, particularly in Africa, the Western Pacific and the Eastern Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Thi-Hai Pham
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Q. Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Zhongjie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Darren Jun Hao Tan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hiep C. Nguyen
- Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tin C. Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Jaideep Behari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hung N. Luu
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lee JK, Choi JW, Park I, Kim NE, Kwon HC, Kwon J, Song YJ. Roseoside Is a Bioactive Compound in Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai Extract with Potent In Vitro Antiviral Activity Against Hepatitis C Virus. Molecules 2024; 29:5130. [PMID: 39519772 PMCID: PMC11547465 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29215130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a pathogen that causes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma through chronic hepatitis C. This study focused on the anti-HCV activity of a 70% ethanol extract of Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai (KKE) and its bioactive chemical constituent(s). The KKE and its n-butanol (n-BuOH) fraction induced a significant reduction in HCV RNA levels without inducing cytotoxicity. A high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of roseoside in the n-butanol fraction of the KKE, which inhibited HCV RNA replication in a concentration- and time-dependent manner without exerting cytotoxicity. Consistent with in silico molecular docking analysis data, roseoside targets and inhibits HCV NS5A/B replicase. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that roseoside is a chemical constituent in KKE that interferes with HCV replication by targeting NS5A/B replicase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Kyu Lee
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (J.-K.L.); (J.-W.C.); (N.-E.K.)
| | - Ji-Wan Choi
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (J.-K.L.); (J.-W.C.); (N.-E.K.)
| | - InWha Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (I.P.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Na-Eun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (J.-K.L.); (J.-W.C.); (N.-E.K.)
| | - Hak Cheol Kwon
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (I.P.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Jaeyoung Kwon
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (I.P.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Yoon-Jae Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (J.-K.L.); (J.-W.C.); (N.-E.K.)
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21
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Shahpar A, Sofiani VH, Nezhad NZ, Charostad M, Ghaderi R, Farsiu N, Kiskani AK, Pezeshki S, Nakhaie M. A narrative review: exploring viral-induced malignancies through the lens of dysregulated cellular metabolism and glucose transporters. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:1329. [PMID: 39472817 PMCID: PMC11520837 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-13013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this narrative review, we unravel the complex interplay between oncogenic viruses, cellular metabolism, and glucose transporter (GLUT) dysregulation in viral-induced malignancies. METHODS By explaining the diverse mechanisms through which seven major oncoviruses manipulate metabolic pathways and GLUT expression, particularly GLUT1, we provide novel insights into the critical role of metabolic reprogramming in viral replication and oncogenesis. RESULTS Our exploration of the molecular pathways targeted by viral oncoproteins reveals a similarity between the metabolic alterations induced by viral infections and those observed in neoplastic transformation. A key finding of our review is the overexpression of GLUTs, particularly GLUT1, as a hallmark of both viral infections and many cancers. CONCLUSIONS By elucidating the complex interplay between viral oncoproteins, oncogene activation, tumor suppressor gene loss, and GLUT overexpression, we highlight the potential of GLUTs as novel targets for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of viral-induced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Shahpar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Nazanin Zeinali Nezhad
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Marzieh Charostad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Reza Ghaderi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Niloofar Farsiu
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amin Karimzadeh Kiskani
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Pezeshki
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nakhaie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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22
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McGlynn KA, Petrick JL, Groopman JD. Liver Cancer: Progress and Priorities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:1261-1272. [PMID: 39354815 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-24-0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer, the sixth most frequently occurring cancer in the world and the third most common cause of cancer mortality, has wide geographical variation in both incidence and mortality rates. At the end of the 20th century, incidence rates began declining in some high-rate areas and increasing in some lower-rate areas. These trends were undoubtedly driven by the shifting contributions of both well-established and more novel risk factors. While notable strides have been made in combating some major risk factors, such as hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, the emergence of metabolic conditions as important drivers of liver cancer risk indicates that much work remains to be done in prevention. As liver cancer is strongly associated with economic and social deprivation, research, early-diagnosis, and treatment among disadvantaged populations are of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - John D Groopman
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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23
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Lei PK, Liu Z, Ung COL, Hu H. Efficacy and safety of direct-acting antiviral regimen for patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:331. [PMID: 39350091 PMCID: PMC11440749 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) show high cure rates in treating chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the effect of DAAs on patients infected with genotype 2 (GT2) is difficult to determine despite the availability of several DAA regimens. METHODS A systematic search of six databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Clinicaltrial.gov) was conducted through April 20, 2022. We considered the sustained virological response 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12) as the efficacy outcome, and adverse events (AEs) as the safety outcome. By calculating the mean SVR12 and the proportion of AEs among patients, we considered the intervention effect for each DAA regimen. The random effect model was then used in all meta-analyses. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the evidence on efficacy and safety of DAAs in patients infected with HCV GT2. The Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) network metanalysis was used to indirectly compare regimen in GT2 patients. RESULTS Among 31 articles included (2,968 participants), consisting of 1,387 treatment-naive patients and 354 patients with cirrhosis. The overall pooled SVR12 rate was 94.62% (95% CI: 92.43-96.52%) among the participants who received all doses of treatment. Meta-analysis results of AEs revealed that fatigue was the most common AE (14.0%, 95% CI: 6.4-21.6%), followed by headache (13.1%, 95% CI: 9.2-17.1%), whereas death and serious adverse events were uncommon. CONCLUSIONS We compared DAA-based treatments indirectly using meta-analysis and found the combination of Sofosbuvir plus Velpatasvir and Glecaprevir plus Pibrentasvir, each administered over a 12-week period, were identified as the most effective and relatively safe in managing chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 2 (HCV GT2) infection. Both treatments achieved a SVR12 of 100% (95% CI 99-100%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pek Kei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zicheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Regulatory Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Regulatory Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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24
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Ciardullo S, Morabito G, Rea F, Savaré L, Perseghin G, Corrao G. Time Trends in Liver-Related Mortality in People With and Without Diabetes: Results From a Population-Based Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:2513-2519. [PMID: 38506158 PMCID: PMC11403322 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with diabetes are at increased risk of dying from liver-related events, but little is known on whether this increased risk has changed in recent years. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study is to describe time trends in cause-specific liver-related mortality in people with and without diabetes from the general Italian population. METHODS Data were retrieved from the health care utilization databases of Lombardy, a region of Italy that accounts for about 16% (almost 10 million) of its population. Annual cause-specific mortality rates and proportionate mortality were computed among individuals with and without diabetes from 2010 to 2019. Liver-related deaths were categorized as viral, alcohol related, and nonviral nonalcohol related (NVNA). RESULTS Liver diseases were responsible for 2% and 1% of deaths in people with and without diabetes (2019). Among patients with diabetes, the crude mortality rate for liver diseases decreased from 1.13 to 0.64 deaths per 1000 person-years from 2010 to 2019. The largest proportion of liver-related deaths was attributable to NVNA diseases and it increased from 63% in 2010 to 68% in 2019, with a corresponding relative reduction of viral causes (from 27% to 23%). The standardized mortality ratio for patients with diabetes was 3.35 (95% CI 2.96-3.76) for NVNA, 1.66 (95% CI 1.33-2.01) for viral hepatitis, and 1.61 (95% CI 1.13-2.17) for alcoholic liver disease and it remained relatively stable over time. Excess mortality risk in patients with diabetes for liver-related mortality was higher than for cardiovascular mortality and cancer. CONCLUSION While liver-related mortality rates decreased significantly among patients with diabetes, NVNA causes made up the majority of cases. Excess mortality for liver-related causes in patients with diabetes compared with controls remained constant in the studied period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ciardullo
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, 20900, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Gabriella Morabito
- National Centre for Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
- Laboratory of Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- National Centre for Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
- Laboratory of Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Laura Savaré
- National Centre for Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
- Department of Mathematics, MOX-Laboratory for Modeling and Scientific Computing, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20126, Italy
- CHDS-Center for Health Data Science, Human Technopole, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Gianluca Perseghin
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, 20900, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corrao
- National Centre for Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
- Laboratory of Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
- Directorate General for Health, Milan, 20126, Italy
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Cao X, Chen Y, Chen Y, Jiang M. The Role of Tripartite Motif Family Proteins in Chronic Liver Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1038. [PMID: 39199424 PMCID: PMC11352684 DOI: 10.3390/biom14081038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The worldwide impact of liver diseases is increasing steadily, with a consistent upswing evidenced in incidence and mortality rates. Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) refer to the liver function's progressive deterioration exceeding six months, which includes abnormal clotting factors, detoxification failure, and hepatic cholestasis. The most common etiologies of CLDs are mainly composed of chronic viral hepatitis, MAFLD/MASH, alcoholic liver disease, and genetic factors, which induce inflammation and harm to the liver, ultimately resulting in cirrhosis, the irreversible final stage of CLDs. The latest research has shown that tripartite motif family proteins (TRIMs) function as E3 ligases, which participate in the progression of CLDs by regulating gene and protein expression levels through post-translational modification. In this review, our objective is to clarify the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of TRIMs in CLDs and provide insights for therapy guidelines and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Cao
- The Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Yinni Chen
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases, Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230002, China;
| | - Meixiu Jiang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, China;
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Schultheiß C, Willscher E, Paschold L, Ackermann C, Escher M, Scholz R, Knapp M, Lützkendorf J, Müller LP, Schulze Zur Wiesch J, Binder M. B cells expressing mutated IGHV1-69-encoded antigen receptors related to virus neutralization show lymphoma-like transcriptomes in patients with chronic HCV infection. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0503. [PMID: 39082968 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic HCV infection leads to a complex interplay with adaptive immune cells that may result in B cell dyscrasias like cryoglobulinemia or lymphoma. While direct-acting antiviral therapy has decreased the incidence of severe liver damage, its effect on extrahepatic HCV manifestations such as B cell dyscrasias is still unclear. METHODS We sequenced B cell receptor (BCR) repertoires in patients with chronic HCV mono-infection and patients with HCV with a sustained virological response (SVR) after direct-acting antiviral therapy. This data set was mined for highly neutralizing HCV antibodies and compared to a diffuse large B cell lymphoma data set. The TKO model was used to test the signaling strength of selected B-BCRs in vitro. Single-cell RNA sequencing of chronic HCV and HCV SVR samples was performed to analyze the transcriptome of B cells with HCV-neutralizing antigen receptors. RESULTS We identified a B cell fingerprint with high richness and somatic hypermutation in patients with chronic HCV and SVR. Convergence to specific immunoglobulin genes produced high-connectivity complementarity-determining region 3 networks. In addition, we observed that IGHV1-69 CDR1 and FR3 mutations characterizing highly neutralizing HCV antibodies corresponded to recurrent point mutations found in clonotypic BCRs of high-grade lymphomas. These BCRs did not show autonomous signaling but a lower activation threshold in an in vitro cell model for the assessment of BCR signaling strength. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that B cells carrying these point mutations showed a persisting oncogenic transcriptome signature with dysregulation in signaling nodes such as CARD11, MALT1, RelB, MAPK, and NFAT. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that lymphoma-like cells derive from the anti-HCV immune response. In many patients, these cells persist for years after SVR and can be interpreted as a mechanistic basis for HCV-related B cell dyscrasias and increased lymphoma risk even beyond viral elimination.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Transcriptome
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Hepacivirus/immunology
- Hepacivirus/genetics
- Sustained Virologic Response
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/virology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics
- Complementarity Determining Regions/immunology
- Male
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Mutation
- Female
- Middle Aged
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schultheiß
- Divison of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edith Willscher
- Internal Medicine IV, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lisa Paschold
- Internal Medicine IV, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christin Ackermann
- Infectious Disease Unit, I, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Escher
- Internal Medicine IV, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rebekka Scholz
- Internal Medicine IV, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Maximilian Knapp
- Infectious Disease Unit, I, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana Lützkendorf
- Internal Medicine IV, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lutz P Müller
- Internal Medicine IV, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch
- Infectious Disease Unit, I, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Divison of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Zhang W, Zeng M, Li Y, Yu L. Leveraging oncovirus-derived antigen against the viral malignancies in adoptive cell therapies. Biomark Res 2024; 12:71. [PMID: 39075601 PMCID: PMC11287861 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy, prompting exploration into their application against oncoviruses. Oncoviruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contribute significantly (12-25%) to human malignancies through direct or indirect oncogenic mechanisms. These viruses persistently or latently infect cells, disrupt cellular homeostasis and pathways, challenging current antiviral treatment paradigms. Moreover, viral infections pose additional risks in the setting of long-term cancer therapy and lead to morbidity and mortality. Virally encoded oncoproteins, which are tumor-restricted, immunologically foreign, and even uniformly expressed, represent promising targets for patient-tailored ACTs. This review elucidates the rationale for leveraging viral antigen-specific ACTs in combating viral-associated malignancies. On this basis, ongoing preclinical studies consolidate our understanding of harnessing ACTs against viral malignancies, underscoring their potential to eradicate viruses implicated in cancer progression. Furthermore, we scrutinize the current landscape of clinical trials focusing on virus-specific ACTs and discuss their implications for therapeutic advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, International Cancer Center, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical school, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Miao Zeng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, International Cancer Center, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical school, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yisheng Li
- Shenzhen Haoshi Biotechnology Co., Ltd, No. 155 Hongtian Road, Xinqiao Street, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518125, China
- Haoshi Cell Therapy Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, International Cancer Center, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
- Haoshi Cell Therapy Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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28
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Soper N, Yardumian I, Chen E, Yang C, Ciervo S, Oom AL, Desvignes L, Mulligan MJ, Zhang Y, Lupoli TJ. A Repurposed Drug Interferes with Nucleic Acid to Inhibit the Dual Activities of Coronavirus Nsp13. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1593-1603. [PMID: 38980755 PMCID: PMC11267572 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The recent pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) highlighted a critical need to discover more effective antivirals. While therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2 exist, its nonstructural protein 13 (Nsp13) remains a clinically untapped target. Nsp13 is a helicase responsible for unwinding double-stranded RNA during viral replication and is essential for propagation. Like other helicases, Nsp13 has two active sites: a nucleotide binding site that hydrolyzes nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) and a nucleic acid binding channel that unwinds double-stranded RNA or DNA. Targeting viral helicases with small molecules, as well as the identification of ligand binding pockets, have been ongoing challenges, partly due to the flexible nature of these proteins. Here, we use a virtual screen to identify ligands of Nsp13 from a collection of clinically used drugs. We find that a known ion channel inhibitor, IOWH-032, inhibits the dual ATPase and helicase activities of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp13 at low micromolar concentrations. Kinetic and binding assays, along with computational and mutational analyses, indicate that IOWH-032 interacts with the RNA binding interface, leading to displacement of nucleic acid substrate, but not bound ATP. Evaluation of IOWH-032 with microbial helicases from other superfamilies reveals that it is selective for coronavirus Nsp13. Furthermore, it remains active against mutants representative of observed SARS-CoV-2 variants. Overall, this work provides a new inhibitor for Nsp13 and provides a rationale for a recent observation that IOWH-032 lowers SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in human cells, setting the stage for the discovery of other potent viral helicase modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Soper
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Isabelle Yardumian
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Eric Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Simons
Center for Computational Physical Chemistry at New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Chao Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Samantha Ciervo
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Aaron L. Oom
- NYU
Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Ludovic Desvignes
- NYU
Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- High
Containment Laboratories, Office of Science and Research, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- NYU
Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Yingkai Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Simons
Center for Computational Physical Chemistry at New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Tania J. Lupoli
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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Tirmizi R, Munir R, Zaidi N. Trends in hepatitis C virus seroprevalence and associated risk factors among msm in Pakistan: insights from a community-based study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16551. [PMID: 39019899 PMCID: PMC11255259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pakistan bears a substantial burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with the second-highest prevalence globally. This community-based cross-sectional study, conducted from January to December 2022 in Punjab, Pakistan, investigates the seroprevalence of HCV among the men who have sex with men (MSM) population. The study identifies demographic and behavioral risk factors associated with HCV infection within this population group. Among the 501 participants, the study found an HCV seroprevalence of 14.86%. The association between demographic characteristics and seroprevalence is assessed by calculating the percentage of positive cases, revealing notable associations with age, education level, and self-identified sexual orientation. Furthermore, the study identified several behavioral risk factors positively associated with HCV seroprevalence, including sharing personal items such as razors and toothbrushes, histories of surgery, blood transfusion, dental procedures, intravenous drug use, and therapeutic injection histories. These risk factors were identified through structured interviews, and the prevalence of HCV seropositivity among the exposed groups was calculated accordingly. Interestingly, a lower HCV positivity rate was observed among self-reported HIV-positive individuals, contradicting previous research. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive, targeted prevention strategies such as risk factor awareness campaigns and educational programs tailored for the MSM population in Pakistan. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and better understand the complex interplay of factors contributing to HCV seroprevalence in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raza Tirmizi
- Dostana Male Health Society, Lahore, Pakistan
- Action Research Collective, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rimsha Munir
- Action Research Collective, Lahore, Pakistan
- Hormone Lab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nousheen Zaidi
- Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
- Cancer Research Centre, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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30
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Stauffer WT, Goodman AZ, Gallay PA. Cyclophilin inhibition as a strategy for the treatment of human disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1417945. [PMID: 39045055 PMCID: PMC11264201 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1417945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins (Cyps), characterized as peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases), are highly conserved and ubiquitous, playing a crucial role in protein folding and cellular signaling. This review summarizes the biochemical pathways mediated by Cyps, including their involvement in pathological states such as viral replication, inflammation, and cancer progression, to underscore the therapeutic potential of Cyp inhibition. The exploration of Cyp inhibitors (CypI) in this review, particularly non-immunosuppressive cyclosporine A (CsA) derivatives, highlights their significance as therapeutic agents. The structural and functional nuances of CsA derivatives are examined, including their efficacy, mechanism of action, and the balance between therapeutic benefits and off-target effects. The landscape of CypI is evaluated to emphasize the clinical need for targeted approaches to exploit the complex biology of Cyps and to propose future directions for research that may enhance the utility of non-immunosuppressive CsA derivatives in treating diseases where Cyps play a key pathological role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe A. Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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31
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Hleyhel M, Popovici O, Leuștean M, Reed S, Sadou A, Furegato M, Bluemel B, Duffell E, Mardh O. Prevalence of chronic hepatitis C infection in the general population: results from a national survey, Romania, 2020 to 2023. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2300663. [PMID: 39056200 PMCID: PMC11274849 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.30.2300663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
IntroductionA national study from 2006 to 2008 showed a high antibody prevalence of 3.2% against hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Romania, but more recent epidemiological data on hepatitis C prevalence are lacking.AimWe aimed to estimate the current prevalence of HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) and chronic HCV infection in the general adult population in Romania, as a crucial element in monitoring progress towards eliminating hepatitis C.MethodsWe used anonymised leftover sera from a SARS-CoV-2 survey conducted between July and October 2020 (n = 2,100), supplemented with sera collected prospectively between July 2022 and March 2023 (n = 574). These included sera collected from adults visiting laboratories for routine medical check-ups. Sera were tested for anti-HCV and HCV core antigen and classified according to anti-HCV and chronic infection status.ResultsOf the total 2,674 specimens tested, 44 were anti-HCV-positive with a weighted anti-HCV prevalence of 1.4% (95% CI: 1.0-1.9), and 29 were HCV core antigen-positive with a weighted prevalence of chronic infection of 0.9% (95% CI: 0.5-1.2). The prevalence of chronic infection did not differ significantly between men and women. It was higher in persons 60 years and older (2.0%; 95% CI: 1.1-3.0) and in specimens from the North-East region (2.2%; 95% CI: 0.8-3.7).ConclusionAlthough the overall HCV prevalence in Romania is currently low, targeted screening, prevention measures and treatment scale-up are needed especially for the population 60 years and older and in the north-eastern part of the country to achieve the goal of ending the hepatitis C epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Hleyhel
- Cerner Enviza/Oracle Life Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Odette Popovici
- National Institute of Public Health Romania - National Centre for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases (NCSCCD), Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Leuștean
- National Institute of Public Health Romania - National Public Health Laboratory, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Suzanne Reed
- Cerner Enviza/Oracle Life Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Amal Sadou
- Cerner Enviza/Oracle Life Sciences, Paris, France
| | | | - Benjamin Bluemel
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Duffell
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Otilia Mardh
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Wang Y, Liu K. Therapeutic potential of oleanolic acid in liver diseases. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4537-4554. [PMID: 38294504 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Liver-associated diseases affect millions of individuals worldwide. In developed countries, the incidence of viral hepatitis is reducing due to advancements in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. However, with improvements in living standards, the prevalence of metabolic liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease, is expected to increase; notably, this rise in the prevalence of metabolic liver disease can lead to the development of more severe liver diseases, including liver failure, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The growing demand for natural alternative therapies for chronic diseases has highlighted the importance of studying the pharmacology of bioactive compounds in plants. One such compound is oleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, antibacterial, antiviral, antihypertensive, anti-obesity, anticancer, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-neurodegenerative properties. Recent studies have demonstrated that OA treatment can reduce the risk of pathological liver damage, ultimately alleviating liver dysregulation and restoring overall liver function. This review aims to explore the latest research on the biological effects of OA and its derivatives. Notably, it explores the mechanisms of action of these compounds in both in vitro and in vivo research models and, ultimately, highlights OA as a promising candidate for alternative therapies in the treatment and management of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery II, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery II, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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33
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Fang T, Liu L, Mao S, Jiang Z, Cao Y, Pan J. Association between virus infection and periodontitis: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2014. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29784. [PMID: 38975662 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a cumulative inflammatory disease associated with multiple health conditions and various systemic diseases. As a common disease, virus infection along with its consequences has become a serious health burden. The study aims to evaluate the relationship between common viruses including hepatitis virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and periodontitis. The data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2014 was adopted and screened through, including 10 714 participants. Generalized linear regression was conducted to verify the relationships between the virus infections and periodontitis. Moreover, we also performed analyses in age and gender subgroups. The results suggested that the infection of HCV, HSV-1, and HSV-2 was significantly associated with the prevalence of periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-1.70; OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05-1.13; OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.11, respectively) and risk of developing moderate or severe periodontitis (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.29-1.77; OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.12; OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10, respectively) after adjusting all relevant co-factors. Subgroup analyses revealed a steady association between periodontitis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) or HSV-1 infection, while the relationship between HSV-2 and HPV infection can also be found in some subgroups. The presence of HCV and HSV infection was found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of periodontitis, including moderate or severe cases. Moreover, the association of periodontitis and HPV infection can also be observed in people < 35 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongfeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suning Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhishen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Evidence-based Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Creisher PS, Klein SL. Pathogenesis of viral infections during pregnancy. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0007323. [PMID: 38421182 PMCID: PMC11237665 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00073-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYViral infections during pregnancy are associated with significant adverse perinatal and fetal outcomes. Pregnancy is a unique immunologic and physiologic state, which can influence control of virus replication, severity of disease, and vertical transmission. The placenta is the organ of the maternal-fetal interface and provides defense against microbial infection while supporting the semi-allogeneic fetus via tolerogenic immune responses. Some viruses, such as cytomegalovirus, Zika virus, and rubella virus, can breach these defenses, directly infecting the fetus and having long-lasting consequences. Even without direct placental infection, other viruses, including respiratory viruses like influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, still cause placental damage and inflammation. Concentrations of progesterone and estrogens rise during pregnancy and contribute to immunological adaptations, placentation, and placental development and play a pivotal role in creating a tolerogenic environment at the maternal-fetal interface. Animal models, including mice, nonhuman primates, rabbits, and guinea pigs, are instrumental for mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of viral infections during pregnancy and identification of targetable treatments to improve health outcomes of pregnant individuals and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Creisher
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Hayes S, McCabe R, De Angelis D, Donnelly CA, Evans SJW, Medley GF, Spiegelhalter DJ, Bird SM. Modelling hepatitis C infection acquired from blood transfusions in the UK between 1970 and 1991 for the Infected Blood Inquiry. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231722. [PMID: 39100962 PMCID: PMC11296209 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The Statistics Expert Group was convened at the request of the Infected Blood Inquiry to provide estimates of the number of infections and deaths from blood-borne infections including hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, as a direct result of contaminated blood and blood products administered in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK). In the absence of databases of HCV infections and related deaths for all nations of the UK, a statistical model was required to estimate the number of infections and subsequent deaths from HCV acquired from blood transfusions from January 1970 to August 1991. We present this statistical model in detail alongside the results of its application to each of the four nations in the UK. We estimated that 26 800 people (95% uncertainty interval 21 300-38 800) throughout the UK were chronically infected with HCV because of contaminated blood transfusions between January 1970 and August 1991. The number of deaths up to the end of 2019 that occurred as a result of this chronic infection is estimated to be 1820 (95% uncertainty interval 650-3320).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hayes
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ruth McCabe
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniela De Angelis
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, Bristol, UK
| | - Christl A. Donnelly
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, UK
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sheila M. Bird
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Edinburgh University’s College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
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Vera J, Gomes A, Póvoas D, Seixas D, Maltez F, Pedroto I, Maia L, Mota M, Vieira MJ, Manata MJ, Ferreira P, Lino S, Pereira Guedes T, Barradas V, Marques N. Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C: A Prospective Cohort Study in Portugal. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2024; 37:323-333. [PMID: 38325411 DOI: 10.20344/amp.19178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Information about pan-genotypic treatments for hepatitis in Portugal is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of glecaprevir plus pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in real-world clinical practice. METHODS An observational prospective study was implemented in six hospitals with 121 adult HCV patients who initiated treatment with GLE/PIB between October 2018 and April 2019, according to clinical practice. Eligible patients had confirmed HCV infection genotype (GT) 1 to 6 and were either treatment-naïve or had experience with interferon-, ribavirin- or sofosbuvir-based regimens, with or without compensated cirrhosis. Baseline sociodemographic and safety data are described for the total population (N = 115). Effectiveness [sustained virologic response 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12)] and patient-reported outcomes are presented for the core population with sufficient follow-up data (n = 97). RESULTS Most patients were male (83.5%), aged < 65 years (94.8%), with current or former alcohol consumption (77.3%), illicit drug use (72.6%), and HCV acquisition through intravenous drug use (62.0%). HIV co-infection occurred in 22.6% of patients. The prevalence of each GT was: GT1 51.3%, GT2 1.7%, GT3 30.4%, GT4 16.5%, and GT5.6 0%. Most patients were non-cirrhotic (80.9%) and treatment-naïve (93.8%). The SVR12 rates were 97.9% (95% CI: 92.8 - 99.4), and > 95% across cirrhosis status, GT, illicit drug use, alcohol consumption, and HCV treatment experience. The adverse event rate was 2.6%, and no patient discontinued treatment due to adverse events related to GLE/PIB. CONCLUSION Consistent with other real-world studies and clinical trials, treatment with GLE/PIB showed high effectiveness and tolerability overall and in difficult-to-treat subgroups (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03303599).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Vera
- Centro Hospitalar Barreiro-Montijo. Barreiro. Portugal
| | | | - Diana Póvoas
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Portugal
| | - Diana Seixas
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Portugal
| | | | | | - Luís Maia
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Porto. Porto. Portugal
| | - Margarida Mota
- Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho. Vila Nova de Gaia. Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Sara Lino
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Portugal
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Ahmad S, Demneh FM, Rehman B, Almanaa TN, Akhtar N, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Shojaeian A, Ghatrehsamani M, Sanami S. In silico design of a novel multi-epitope vaccine against HCV infection through immunoinformatics approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131517. [PMID: 38621559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the causes of liver cancer, which is the world's sixth most prevalent and third most lethal cancer. The current treatments do not prevent reinfection; because they are expensive, their usage is limited to developed nations. Therefore, a prophylactic vaccine is essential to control this virus. Hence, in this study, an immunoinformatics method was applied to design a multi-epitope vaccine against HCV. The best B- and T-cell epitopes from conserved regions of the E2 protein of seven HCV genotypes were joined with the appropriate linkers to design a multi-epitope vaccine. In addition, cholera enterotoxin subunit B (CtxB) was included as an adjuvant in the vaccine construct. This study is the first to present this epitopes-adjuvant combination. The vaccine had acceptable physicochemical characteristics. The vaccine's 3D structure was predicted and validated. The vaccine's binding stability with Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 was confirmed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The immune simulation revealed the vaccine's efficacy by increasing the population of B and T cells in response to vaccination. In silico expression in Escherichia coli (E. coli) was also successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, P.O. Box 36, Lebanon; Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
| | - Fatemeh Mobini Demneh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Bushra Rehman
- Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Taghreed N Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi
- Department of Physiology & Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shojaeian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghatrehsamani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Samira Sanami
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Cao J, Liu H, Li Z. Dynamical Modeling and Qualitative Analysis of a Delayed Model for CD8 T Cells in Response to Viral Antigens. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS 2024; 35:7138-7149. [PMID: 36279328 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2022.3214076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the immune effector CD8 T cells play a crucial role in clearance of viruses, the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of how CD8 T cells respond to viral infection remain largely unexplored. Here, we develop a delayed model that incorporates CD8 T cells and infected cells to investigate the functional role of CD8 T cells in persistent virus infection. Bifurcation analysis reveals that the model has four steady states that can finely divide the progressions of viral infection into four states, and endows the model with bistability that has ability to achieve the switch from one state to another. Furthermore, analytical and numerical methods find that the time delay resulting from incubation period of virus can induce a stable low-infection steady state to be oscillatory, coexisting with a stable high-infection steady state in phase space. In particular, a novel mechanism to achieve the switch between two stable steady states, time-delay-based switch, is proposed, where the initial conditions and other parameters of the model remain unchanged. Moreover, our model predicts that, for a certain range of initial antigen load: 1) under a longer incubation period, the lower the initial antigen load, the easier the virus infection will evolve into severe state; while the higher the initial antigen load, the easier it is for the virus infection to be effectively controlled and 2) only when the incubation period is small, the lower the initial antigen load, the easier it is to effectively control the infection progression. Our results are consistent with multiple experimental observations, which may facilitate the understanding of the dynamical and physiological mechanisms of CD8 T cells in response to viral infections.
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Méndez-Sánchez N, Coronel-Castillo CE, Ramírez-Mejía MM. Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection, Extrahepatic Disease and the Impact of New Direct-Acting Antivirals. Pathogens 2024; 13:339. [PMID: 38668294 PMCID: PMC11053783 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is an important cause of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Furthermore, it is estimated that about 40-70% of patients develop non-hepatic alterations in the course of chronic infection. Such manifestations can be immune-related conditions, lymphoproliferative disorders and metabolic alterations with serious adverse events in the short and long term. The introduction of new Direct-Acting Antivirals has shown promising results, with current evidence indicating an improvement and remission of these conditions after a sustained virological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Unit Liver Research, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Mariana Michelle Ramírez-Mejía
- Unit Liver Research, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico;
- Plan of Combined Studies in Medicine (PECEM MD/PhD), Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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40
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Biswas S, Kumar R, Shalimar, Acharya SK. Viral hepatitis-induced acute liver failure. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024; 43:312-324. [PMID: 38451383 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-024-01538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis-induced acute liver failure (ALF) is a preventable cause for liver-related mortality worldwide. Viruses are the most common cause for ALF in developing nations in contrast to the west, where acetaminophen is largely responsible. Viruses may be hepatotropic or affect the liver secondary to a systemic infection. In tropical countries, infections such as leptospirosis, scrub typhus and malaria can mimic the symptoms of ALF. Differentiating these ALF mimics is crucial because they require etiology-specific therapy. Treatment of viral hepatitis-induced ALF is two-pronged and directed towards providing supportive care to prevent organ failures and antiviral drugs for some viruses. Liver transplantation (LT) is an effective modality for patients deteriorating despite adequate supportive care. Early referral and correct identification of patients who require a transplant are important. Liver support devices and plasma exchange have evolved into "bridging modalities" for LT. Preventive strategies such as hand hygiene, use of clean and potable water and inclusion of vaccines against viral hepatitis in the national program are simple yet very effective methods focusing on the preventive aspect of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, 801 507, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India.
| | - Subrat Kumar Acharya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
- KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751 024, India
- Fortis Escorts Digestive and Liver Institute, Okhla, New Delhi, 110 025, India
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41
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Androutsakos T, Tsantzali I, Karagiannakis DS, Flevari P, Iakovou D, Pouliakis A, Kykalos S, Doris S, Xyla V. Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Hepatitis C Infection-Reversibility after HCV Eradication: A Single Center Study. Viruses 2024; 16:522. [PMID: 38675865 PMCID: PMC11054011 DOI: 10.3390/v16040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by a variety of extra-hepatic manifestations; peripheral neuropathy (PN) is one of the most common, especially when mixed cryoglobulinemia (MCG) is present. The prevalence and risk factors of HCV-related PN in the absence of MCG are largely unknown. We conducted a prospective, single-center study, examining the prevalence and reversibility of HCV-associated neuropathy in the absence of MCG. Nerve fiber density in the epidermis was evaluated through skin biopsy and electroneurography (ENG) before HCV-treatment initiation and 1 year post sustained virological remission (SVR). Forty HCV-infected individuals (nine HIV co-infected) with no other neuron-harming factors were included; four other HCV mono- and three HIV co-infected individuals were excluded due to presence of diabetes, B12 insufficiency, or neurotoxic drugs. Twelve consecutive controls with no neuron-harming conditions were also recruited; eight more were excluded due to meeting exclusion criteria. Four patients had ENG signs of polyneuropathy (two with HCV mono- and two with HIV co-infection), while seven more (five with HCV mono- and two with HIV co-infection) had signs of mono-neuropathy, leading to PN prevalences of 22.5% and 44% for mono- and co-infection, respectively (p value 0.179). The two patients with HCV mono-infection and polyneuropathy and the one with ulnar nerve damage showed ENG improvement 1 year post SVR. Regarding intraepidermal nerve density, HCV infection, irrespective of HIV co-infection, was correlated with a lower intraepidermal neuron density that improved 1 year post SVR (p value 0.0002 for HCV and 0.0326 for HCV/HIV co-infected patients). PN is common in HCV infection; successful eradication of HCV leads to PN improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Androutsakos
- Department of Pathophysiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioanna Tsantzali
- Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” General University Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios S. Karagiannakis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Pagona Flevari
- Centre of Excellence in Rare Haematological (Haemoglobinopathies) & Rare Metabolic (Gaucher Disease) Diseases, Laiko General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Despoina Iakovou
- West Suffolk Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bury St Edmunds IP33 2QZ, UK;
| | - Abraham Pouliakis
- Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stylianos Kykalos
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stylianos Doris
- Neurology Department, Metropolitan General Hospital, 155 62 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasileia Xyla
- Department of Pathophysiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
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42
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Ke PY. Regulation of Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion by Human Viral Infections. Pathogens 2024; 13:266. [PMID: 38535609 PMCID: PMC10974352 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13030266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a fundamental role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by eliminating intracellular components via lysosomes. Successful degradation through autophagy relies on the fusion of autophagosomes to lysosomes, which leads to the formation of autolysosomes containing acidic proteases that degrade the sequestered materials. Viral infections can exploit autophagy in infected cells to balance virus-host cell interactions by degrading the invading virus or promoting viral growth. In recent years, cumulative studies have indicated that viral infections may interfere with the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes, thus benefiting viral replication and associated pathogenesis. In this review, I provide an overview of the current understanding of the molecular mechanism by which human viral infections deregulate autophagosome-lysosome fusion and summarize the physiological significance in the virus life cycle and host cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 5115); Fax: +886-3-211-8700
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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43
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Sagrado EC, Cordón CM, González AS, Martín VL, Lucas MF, Pérez JV. Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a patient with cured virus C infection. Nefrologia 2024; 44:295-297. [PMID: 38631963 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Sainz González
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Bunz M, Eisele M, Hu D, Ritter M, Kammerloher J, Lampl S, Schindler M. CD81 suppresses NF-κB signaling and is downregulated in hepatitis C virus expressing cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1338606. [PMID: 38357447 PMCID: PMC10864554 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1338606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The tetraspanin CD81 is one of the main entry receptors for Hepatitis C virus, which is a major causative agent to develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we identify CD81 as one of few surface proteins that are downregulated in HCV expressing hepatoma cells, discovering a functional role of CD81 beyond mediating HCV entry. CD81 was downregulated at the mRNA level in hepatoma cells that replicate HCV. Kinetics of HCV expression were increased in CD81-knockout cells and accompanied by enhanced cellular growth. Furthermore, loss of CD81 compensated for inhibition of pro-survival TBK1-signaling in HCV expressing cells. Analysis of functional phenotypes that could be associated with pro-survival signaling revealed that CD81 is a negative regulator of NF-κB. Interaction of the NF-κB subunits p50 and p65 was increased in cells lacking CD81. Similarly, we witnessed an overall increase in the total levels of phosphorylated and cellular p65 upon CD81-knockout in hepatoma cells. Finally, translocation of p65 in CD81-negative hepatoma cells was markedly induced upon stimulation with TNFα or PMA. Altogether, CD81 emerges as a regulator of pro-survival NF-κB signaling. Considering the important and established role of NF-κB for HCV replication and tumorigenesis, the downregulation of CD81 by HCV and the associated increase in NF-κB signaling might be relevant for viral persistence and chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Bunz
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mona Eisele
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ritter
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Kammerloher
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Lampl
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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45
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Letafati A, Ardekani OS, Naderisemiromi M, Norouzi M, Shafiei M, Nik S, Mozhgani SH. Unraveling the dynamic mechanisms of natural killer cells in viral infections: insights and implications. Virol J 2024; 21:18. [PMID: 38216935 PMCID: PMC10785350 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses pose a constant threat to human well-being, necessitating the immune system to develop robust defenses. Natural killer (NK) cells, which play a crucial role in the immune system, have become recognized as vital participants in protecting the body against viral infections. These remarkable innate immune cells possess the unique ability to directly recognize and eliminate infected cells, thereby contributing to the early control and containment of viral pathogens. However, recent research has uncovered an intriguing phenomenon: the alteration of NK cells during viral infections. In addition to their well-established role in antiviral defense, NK cells undergo dynamic changes in their phenotype, function, and regulatory mechanisms upon encountering viral pathogens. These alterations can significantly impact the effectiveness of NK cell responses during viral infections. This review explores the multifaceted role of NK cells in antiviral immunity, highlighting their conventional effector functions as well as the emerging concept of NK cell alteration in the context of viral infections. Understanding the intricate interplay between NK cells and viral infections is crucial for advancing our knowledge of antiviral immune responses and could offer valuable information for the creation of innovative therapeutic approaches to combat viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Salahi Ardekani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Naderisemiromi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mehdi Norouzi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Soheil Nik
- School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Yoon H, Jang KL. Hydrogen Peroxide Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Downregulating Hepatitis C Virus Core Levels through E6-Associated Protein-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation. Cells 2023; 13:62. [PMID: 38201266 PMCID: PMC10778395 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is constantly exposed to considerable oxidative stress, characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), during acute and chronic infection in the hepatocytes of patients. However, the effect of oxidative stress on HCV replication is largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that H2O2 downregulated HCV Core levels to inhibit HCV replication. For this purpose, H2O2 upregulated p53 levels, resulting in the downregulation of both the protein and enzyme activity levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), DNMT3a, and DNMT3b, and activated the expression of E6-associated protein (E6AP) through promoter hypomethylation in the presence of HCV Core. E6AP, an E3 ligase, induced the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of HCV Core in a p53-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of H2O2 on HCV replication was almost completely nullified either by treatment with a representative antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, or by knockdown of p53 or E6AP using a specific short hairpin RNA, confirming the roles of p53 and E6AP in the inhibition of HCV replication by H2O2. This study provides insights into the mechanisms that regulate HCV replication under conditions of oxidative stress in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunyoung Yoon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, The Graduate School, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung Lib Jang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, The Graduate School, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Microbiological Resource Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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47
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Tseng YA, Ou YL, Geng JH, Wang CW, Wu DW, Chen SC, Lu PL. The association between alcohol, betel nut, and cigarette use with hepatitis C virus infection in Taiwan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:23082. [PMID: 38155257 PMCID: PMC10754914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may cause chronic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer. It has been reported to associate with habits including alcohol, betel nut and cigarette use. We aimed to investigate the association between alcohol, betel nut, and cigarette use with HCV infection in Taiwan and to explore their effects. A total of 121,421 participants were enrolled from the Taiwan Biobank. They were stratified into two groups according to whether they had (n = 2750; 2.3%) or did not have (n = 118,671; 97.7%) HCV infection. All participants were also classified into four groups according to the number of habits, including a history of alcohol drinking, betel nut chewing, and cigarette smoking. There were 85,406 (no habit), 24,299 (one habit), 8659 (two habits), and 3057 (three habits) participants in the four groups, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that the participants who had an alcohol drinking history (odds ratio [OR] 1.568; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.388-1.773; p < 0.001), betel nut chewing history (OR 1.664; 95% CI 1.445-1.917; p < 0.001), cigarette smoking history (OR 1.387; 95% CI 1.254-1.535; p < 0.001), were significantly associated with HCV infection. Furthermore, the participants were classified into four groups according to the number of habits as follows: 85,406 (no habit), 24,299 (one habit), 8659 (two habits), and 3057 (three habits). The HCV infection rates in these four groups were 2.11%, 2.14%, 3.23%, and 4.78%, respectively. Compared to the participants with no or one habit, those with two habits had a higher HCV infection rate (all p < 0.001). In addition, compared to the participants who had no, one or two habits, those who had three habits also had higher HCV infection rates (all p < 0.001). The participants who had three habits had the highest prevalence of HCV infection. In an era when most HCV can be cured, understanding the epidemiology link between habits and HCV may help the case finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ai Tseng
- Department of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Lun Ou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 482, Shan-Ming Rd., Hsiao-Kang Dist., Kaohsiung, 812, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiun-Hung Geng
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 812, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 482, Shan-Ming Rd., Hsiao-Kang Dist., Kaohsiung, 812, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Da-Wei Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 482, Shan-Ming Rd., Hsiao-Kang Dist., Kaohsiung, 812, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Department of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 482, Shan-Ming Rd., Hsiao-Kang Dist., Kaohsiung, 812, Taiwan, ROC.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Department of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, No.100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City, 80756, Taiwan, ROC.
- Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Thomas S, Samuel SV, Hoch A, Syphurs C, Diray-Arce J. The Implication of Sphingolipids in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17303. [PMID: 38139132 PMCID: PMC10743733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are involved in cell signaling and metabolic pathways, and their metabolites play a critical role in host defense against intracellular pathogens. Here, we review the known mechanisms of sphingolipids in viral infections and discuss the potential implication of the study of sphingolipid metabolism in vaccine and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Thomas
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.T.); (A.H.); (C.S.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Stephen Varghese Samuel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore 632004, India
| | - Annmarie Hoch
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.T.); (A.H.); (C.S.)
| | - Caitlin Syphurs
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.T.); (A.H.); (C.S.)
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.T.); (A.H.); (C.S.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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49
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Abu-Dayyeh I, Chemaitelly H, Ghunaim M, Hasan T, Abdelnour A, Abu-Raddad LJ. Patterns and trends of hepatitis C virus infection in Jordan: an observational study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1280427. [PMID: 38146470 PMCID: PMC10749371 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection levels in Jordan remain uncertain. No HCV national population-based survey has ever been conducted in the country. To meet the World Health Organization's target of reducing HCV incidence to ≤5 per 100,000 people per year by 2030, it is essential to determine the infection levels, identify affected individuals and populations, and provide appropriate treatment using direct-acting antivirals to individuals carrying the virus. Methods The study utilized the HCV testing database of 28,798 attendees of Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories in Jordan, covering the period from January 19, 2010, to May 26, 2023. Cross-sectional and cohort study analyses were conducted, including estimating HCV antibody (Ab) prevalence, examining associations with HCV Ab positivity, determining the HCV viremic rate, and estimating HCV incidence rate using a retrospective cohort study design. Results A total of 27,591 individuals, with a median age of 31.3 and 52.9% being females, underwent HCV Ab testing, while 1,450 individuals, with a median age of 42.2 and 32.8% being females, underwent HCV RNA PCR testing. The study sample HCV Ab prevalence was 4.0% (95% CI: 3.7-4.2%). After applying probability weights, the weighted HCV Ab prevalence was 5.8% (95% CI: 4.6-7.3%). Age was strongly associated with HCV Ab positivity, particularly among individuals aged 50 years or older, who had 10-fold higher odds of being HCV Ab positive compared to those aged 10-19 years. Males had 2.41-fold higher odds of testing positive for HCV Ab compared to females. The HCV viremic rate was 54.1% (95% CI: 43.0-65.0%). The cumulative incidence of HCV infection, after 5 years of follow-up, was estimated to be 0.41% (95% CI: 0.17-0.99%). The HCV incidence rate was calculated at 1.19 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI, 0.50-2.87). Conclusion Prevalence and incidence of HCV infection were substantial, estimated at ~5% and 1 per 1,000 person-years, respectively, and highlighting the presence of core groups actively engaged in the virus' acquisition and transmission. The high observed viremic rate indicates the need for expanding HCV treatment efforts to effectively control HCV transmission in Jordan. Utilizing quality diagnostic laboratories and innovative testing strategies is key to identifying infection carriers and facilitating linkage to treatment and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Abu-Dayyeh
- Department of Research and Development, Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hiam Chemaitelly
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mohammad Ghunaim
- Department of Research and Development, Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories, Amman, Jordan
| | - Thaer Hasan
- Department of Research and Development, Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amid Abdelnour
- Department of Research and Development, Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories, Amman, Jordan
| | - Laith J. Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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50
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Georgieva M, Xenodochidis C, Krasteva N. Old age as a risk factor for liver diseases: Modern therapeutic approaches. Exp Gerontol 2023; 184:112334. [PMID: 37977514 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent scientific interest has been directed towards age-related diseases, driven by the significant increase in global life expectancy and the growing population of individuals aged 65 and above. The ageing process encompasses various biological, physiological, environmental, psychological, behavioural, and social changes, leading to an augmented susceptibility to chronic illnesses. Cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal, liver and oncological diseases are prevalent in the elderly. Moreover, ageing individuals demonstrate reduced regenerative capacity and decreased tolerance towards therapeutic interventions, including organ transplantation. Liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, have emerged as significant public health concerns. Paradoxically, these conditions remain underestimated despite their substantial global impact. Age-related factors are closely associated with the severity and unfavorable prognosis of various liver diseases, warranting further investigation to enhance clinical management and develop novel therapeutic strategies. This comprehensive review focuses specifically on age-related liver diseases, their treatment strategies, and contemporary practices. It provides a detailed account of the global burden, types, molecular mechanisms, and epigenetic alterations underlying these liver pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Georgieva
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Acad. Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Charilaos Xenodochidis
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Natalia Krasteva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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