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Kara-Ali GH, Cano L, Dion S, Imerzoukene G, Hamon A, Simoes Eugénio M, Piquet-Pellorce C, Ghukasyan G, Samson M, Le Seyec J, Dimanche-Boitrel MT. Trim21 deficiency in mice increases HCC carcinogenesis in a NASH context and is associated with immune checkpoint upregulation. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1999-2013. [PMID: 38308587 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The global pandemic of metabolic diseases has increased the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the context of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The downregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 has been linked to poor prognosis in different cancers including HCC. In order to investigate the role of TRIM21 in liver cancer progression on NASH, Trim21+/+ and Trim21-/- male mice were injected with streptozotocin at the neonatal stage. The hypoinsulinemic mice were then fed with a high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks. All mice developed NASH which systematically resulted in HCC progression. Interestingly, compared to the Trim21+/+ control mice, liver damage was worsened in Trim21-/- mice, with more HCC nodules found after 12 weeks on HFHCD. Immune population analysis in the spleen and liver revealed a higher proportion of CD4+PD-1+ and CD8+PD-1+ T cells in Trim21-/- mice. The liver and HCC tumors of Trim21-/- mice also exhibited an increase in the number of PD-L1+ and CD68+ PD-L1+ cells. Thus, TRIM21 limits the emergence of HCC nodules in mice with NASH by potentially restricting the expression of PD-1 in lymphocytes and PD-L1 in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghania Hounana Kara-Ali
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Luis Cano
- INRAE, CHU Pontchaillou, Inserm, UMR 1241 Numecan, Univ. Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Dion
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Ghiles Imerzoukene
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Annaig Hamon
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Mélanie Simoes Eugénio
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Piquet-Pellorce
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Gevorg Ghukasyan
- Plateforme d'Histopathologie de Haute Précision (H2P2), Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Michel Samson
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Jacques Le Seyec
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Dimanche-Boitrel
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
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Pereira ENGDS, de Araujo BP, Rodrigues KL, Silvares RR, Guimarães FV, Martins CSM, Flores EEI, Silva PMRE, Daliry A. Cholesterol Exacerbates the Pathophysiology of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Upregulating Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 and Modulating Microcirculatory Dysfunction. Nutrients 2023; 15:5034. [PMID: 38140293 PMCID: PMC10745917 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a pivotal lipotoxic molecule that contributes to the progression of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis NASH). Additionally, microcirculatory changes are critical components of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the role of cholesterol as an insult that modulates microcirculatory damage in NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms. The experimental model was established in male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet for 39 weeks. Between weeks 31-39, 2% cholesterol was added to the HFHC diet in a subgroup of mice. Leukocyte recruitment and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation in microcirculation were assessed using intravital microscopy. The hepatic microvascular blood flow (HMBF) was measured using laser speckle flowmetry. High cholesterol levels exacerbated hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and leukocyte recruitment compared to the HFHC group. In addition, cholesterol decreased the HMBF-cholesterol-induced activation of HSC and increased HIF1A expression in the liver. Furthermore, cholesterol promoted a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile with a Th1-type immune response (IFN-γ/IL-4). These findings suggest cholesterol exacerbates NAFLD progression through microcirculatory dysfunction and HIF1A upregulation through hypoxia and inflammation. This study highlights the importance of cholesterol-induced lipotoxicity, which causes microcirculatory dysfunction associated with NAFLD pathology, thus reinforcing the potential of lipotoxicity and microcirculation as therapeutic targets for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Nunes Goulart da Silva Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (E.N.G.d.S.P.)
| | - Beatriz Peres de Araujo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (E.N.G.d.S.P.)
| | - Karine Lino Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (E.N.G.d.S.P.)
| | - Raquel Rangel Silvares
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (E.N.G.d.S.P.)
| | - Fernanda Verdini Guimarães
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Souza Machado Martins
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (E.N.G.d.S.P.)
| | - Edgar Eduardo Ilaquita Flores
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (E.N.G.d.S.P.)
| | | | - Anissa Daliry
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (E.N.G.d.S.P.)
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Gandhe A, Kumari S, Elizabeth Sobhia M. Rational design of FXR agonists: a computational approach for NASH therapy. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10766-9. [PMID: 38055145 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, posing risks to cardiovascular and hepatic health worldwide. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which is a severe form of NAFLD, has a global prevalence. Therapeutic targets for NASH include THR-β, GLP-1 receptor, PPARα/δ/γ, FGF21 analogs, and FXR, a bile acid nuclear receptor pivotal for regulating bile acid synthesis and excretion. Our study aims to design the non-steroidal FXR agonist for NASH treatment, as FXR's role in the regulation of bile acid processes, rendering it a promising drug target for NASH therapy. Utilizing tropifexor as a reference molecule, we generated a shape-based pharmacophore model with seven features, identifying key binding requirements within the FXR active site. Virtual screening using this model, coupled with molecular docking studies, helped pinpoint potential ligands from diverse small molecule databases. Further analysis via MM/GBSA revealed 12 molecules with binding affinities comparable to tropifexor. Among them, DB15416 exhibited the lowest binding free energy and superior docking scores. To assess its dynamic stability, we subjected DB15416 to molecular dynamics simulations, confirming its suitability as a FXR agonist. These findings suggest that DB15416 holds promise as a FXR agonist for NASH treatment, which can be evaluated by experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshata Gandhe
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 166062, India
| | - Sonia Kumari
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 166062, India
| | - Masilamani Elizabeth Sobhia
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 166062, India.
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Wang TH, Li JB, Tian YG, Zheng JX, Li XD, Guo SZ. Association of TNF-α, IGF-1, and IGFBP-1 levels with the severity of osteopenia in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:915. [PMID: 38041076 PMCID: PMC10691127 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibits a close association with osteoporosis. This work aims to assess the potential effects of NAFLD on the progression of osteopenia in animal models. METHODS Forty-eight C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided to wild-type (WT) group and high-fat diet (HFD) group. The corresponding detections were performed after sacrifice at 16, 24 and 32 weeks, respectively. RESULTS At 16 weeks, an remarkable increase in body weight and lipid aggregation in the hepatocytes of HFD group was observed compared to the WT group, while the bone structure parameters showed no significant difference. At 24 weeks, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in NAFLD mice were significantly increased, while the level of osteoprotegerin mRNA in bone tissue was decreased, and the level of receptor activator of nuclear factor Kappa-B ligand mRNA was increased. Meanwhile, the function of osteoclasts was increased, and the bone microstructure parameters showed significant changes. At 32 weeks, in the HFD mice, the mRNA levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), runt-related transcription factor 2, and osterix mRNA were reduced, while the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) level was increased. Simultaneously, the osteoblast function was decreased, and the differences of bone structure parameters were more significant, showing obvious osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS The bone loss in HFD mice is pronounced as NAFLD progresses, and the changes of the TNF-α, IL-6, IGF-1, and IGFBP-1 levels may play critical roles at the different stages of NAFLD in HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin; The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin; Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Jian-Biao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin; Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Yong-Gang Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin; The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin; Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Jin-Xin Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin; The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin; Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin; The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin; Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Shu-Zhang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin; The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin; Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China.
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5
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Wang Y, Kong L, Ye C, Dou C, Zheng J, Xu M, Xu Y, Li M, Zhao Z, Lu J, Chen Y, Wang W, Ning G, Bi Y, Wang T. Causal impacts of educational attainment on chronic liver diseases and the mediating pathways: Mendelian randomization study. Liver Int 2023; 43:2379-2392. [PMID: 37409353 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Educational attainment is an essential socio-economic indicator with broad implications for lifestyle behaviour and metabolic health. We aimed to investigate the causal effect of education on chronic liver diseases and the potential mediating pathways. METHODS We applied univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the causal associations between educational attainment and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (cases/controls: 1578/307 576 in FinnGen; 1664/400 055 in UK Biobank), viral hepatitis (1772/307 382; 1215/403 316), hepatomegaly (199/222 728; 297/400 055), chronic hepatitis (699/301 014; 277/403 316), cirrhosis (1362/301 014; 114/400 055) and liver cancer (518/308 636; 344/393 372) using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies from the FinnGen Study and the UK Biobank, respectively. We used two-step MR to evaluate potential mediators and their mediation proportions in the association. RESULTS Meta-analysis of inverse variance weighted MR estimates from FinnGen and UK Biobank showed that genetically predicted 1-SD (4.2 years) higher education was causally associated with decreased risks of NAFLD (OR: 0.48; 95%CI: 0.37-0.62), viral hepatitis (0.54; 0.42-0.69) and chronic hepatitis (0.50; 0.32-0.79), but not hepatomegaly, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Nine, two and three out of 34 modifiable factors were identified as causal mediators in the associations of education with NAFLD, viral hepatitis and chronic hepatitis, respectively, including six adiposity traits (mediation proportion: 16.5%-32.0%), major depression (16.9%), two glucose metabolism-related traits (2.2%-15.8%) and two lipids (9.9%-12.1%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings supported the causal protective effects of education on chronic liver diseases and outlined mediating pathways to inform prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the burden of liver diseases, especially for individuals with lower education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Kong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaojie Ye
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Dou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Madaris TR, Venkatesan M, Maity S, Stein MC, Vishnu N, Venkateswaran MK, Davis JG, Ramachandran K, Uthayabalan S, Allen C, Osidele A, Stanley K, Bigham NP, Bakewell TM, Narkunan M, Le A, Karanam V, Li K, Mhapankar A, Norton L, Ross J, Aslam MI, Reeves WB, Singh BB, Caplan J, Wilson JJ, Stathopulos PB, Baur JA, Madesh M. Limiting Mrs2-dependent mitochondrial Mg 2+ uptake induces metabolic programming in prolonged dietary stress. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112155. [PMID: 36857182 PMCID: PMC10134742 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The most abundant cellular divalent cations, Mg2+ (mM) and Ca2+ (nM-μM), antagonistically regulate divergent metabolic pathways with several orders of magnitude affinity preference, but the physiological significance of this competition remains elusive. In mice consuming a Western diet, genetic ablation of the mitochondrial Mg2+ channel Mrs2 prevents weight gain, enhances mitochondrial activity, decreases fat accumulation in the liver, and causes prominent browning of white adipose. Mrs2 deficiency restrains citrate efflux from the mitochondria, making it unavailable to support de novo lipogenesis. As citrate is an endogenous Mg2+ chelator, this may represent an adaptive response to a perceived deficit of the cation. Transcriptional profiling of liver and white adipose reveals higher expression of genes involved in glycolysis, β-oxidation, thermogenesis, and HIF-1α-targets, in Mrs2-/- mice that are further enhanced under Western-diet-associated metabolic stress. Thus, lowering mMg2+ promotes metabolism and dampens diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis R Madaris
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Soumya Maity
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Miriam C Stein
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Mridula K Venkateswaran
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - James G Davis
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Karthik Ramachandran
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Cristel Allen
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ayodeji Osidele
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kristen Stanley
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nicholas P Bigham
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Terry M Bakewell
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Melanie Narkunan
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Amy Le
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Varsha Karanam
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Aum Mhapankar
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Luke Norton
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jean Ross
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - M Imran Aslam
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - W Brian Reeves
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jeffrey Caplan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Peter B Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA.
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology/Diabetes Divisions, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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7
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Chikamatsu M, Watanabe H, Shintani Y, Murata R, Miyahisa M, Nishinoiri A, Imafuku T, Takano M, Arimura N, Yamada K, Kamimura M, Mukai B, Satoh T, Maeda H, Maruyama T. Albumin-fused long-acting FGF21 analogue for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Control Release 2023; 355:42-53. [PMID: 36690035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) currently affects about 25% of the world's population, and the numbers continue to rise as the number of obese patients increases. However, there are currently no approved treatments for NAFLD. This study reports on the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of a recombinant human serum albumin-fibroblast growth factor 21 analogue fusion protein (HSA-FGF21) on the pathology of NAFLD that was induced by using two high-fat diets (HFD), HFD-60 and STHD-01. The HFD-60-induced NAFLD model mice with obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation were treated with HSA-FGF21 three times per week for 4 weeks starting at 12 weeks after the HFD-60 feeding. The administration of HSA-FGF21 suppressed the increased body weight, improved hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and showed a decreased accumulation of plasma lipid and hepatic lipid levels. The elevation of C16:0, C18:0 and C18:1 fatty acids in the liver that were observed in the HFD-60 group was recovered by the HSA-FGF21 administration. The increased expression levels of the hepatic fatty acid uptake receptor (CD36) and fatty acid synthase (SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD-1, Elovl6) were also suppressed. In adipose tissue, HSA-FGF21 caused an improved adipocyte hypertrophy, a decrease in the levels of inflammatory cytokines and induced the expression of adiponectin and thermogenic factors. The administration of HSA-FGF21 to the STHD-01-induced NAFLD model mice resulted in suppressed plasma ALT and AST levels, oxidative stress, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. Together, HSA-FGF21 has some potential for use as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Chikamatsu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Yuhi Shintani
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ryota Murata
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Masako Miyahisa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ayano Nishinoiri
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tadashi Imafuku
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mei Takano
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nanaka Arimura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kohichi Yamada
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Miya Kamimura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Baki Mukai
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takao Satoh
- Kumamoto Industrial Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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8
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Islam SMT, Palanisamy AP, Chedister GR, Schmidt MG, Lewin DNB, Chavin KD. Unsaturated or saturated dietary fat-mediated steatosis impairs hepatic regeneration following partial hepatectomy in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284428. [PMID: 37167305 PMCID: PMC10174548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial hepatectomy is a preferred treatment option for many patients with hepatocellular carcinoma however, pre-existing pathological abnormalities originating from hepatic steatosis can alter the decision to perform surgery or postoperative outcomes as a consequence of the impact steatosis has on liver regeneration. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the role of a saturated or unsaturated high fat diet-mediated steatosis on liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy. METHODS Mice were fed a low-fat control diet (CD, 13% fat), lard-based unsaturated (LD, 60% fat) or milk-based saturated high fat diet (MD, 60% fat) for 16 weeks at which time partial hepatectomy (approx. 70% resection) was performed. At days-2 and 7 post hepatectomy, one hour prior to euthanization, mice were injected with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine in order to monitor hepatic regeneration. Serum was collected and assessed for levels of ALT and AST. Resected and regenerated liver tissue were examined for inflammation-indicative markers employing RT-PCR, Western blots, and histological methods. RESULTS Mice fed LD or MD exhibited higher NAFLD scores, increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, neutrophil infiltration, macrophage accumulation, increased apoptosis, and elevated levels of serum ALT and AST activities, a decrease in the number of BrdU-incorporated-hepatocytes in the regenerated livers compared to the mice fed CD. Mice fed MD showed significantly lower percent of BrdU-incorporated hepatocytes and a higher trend of inflammation compared to the mice fed LD. CONCLUSION A diet rich in saturated or unsaturated fat results in NASH with decreased hepatic regeneration however unsaturated fat diet cause lower inflammation and higher regeneration than the saturated fat diet following partial hepatectomy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Touhidul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Arun P Palanisamy
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Gabriel R Chedister
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael G Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - David N B Lewin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kenneth D Chavin
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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9
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Arya A, Azarmehr N, Mansourian M, Doustimotlagh AH. Inactivation of the superoxide dismutase by malondialdehyde in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a combined molecular docking approach to clinical studies. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:557-564. [PMID: 31475569 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1659827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the plasma levels of oxidative stress markers and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in NAFLD and healthy subjects. Furthermore, the interaction behaviors of malondialdehyde (MDA) with Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) enzyme were elucidated by molecular docking. The study involved 60 patients with NAFLD and 25 healthy volunteers. The plasma levels of oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzymes activity were determined. NAFLD patients had significantly higher alanine aminotransferase, MDA and nitric oxide metabolites values, as well as significantly lower total thiol and SOD activity than the control group. Based on the molecular docking, MDA could deactivate the enzymatic activity of SOD1. Impaired antioxidant defense systems may be involved in the progression of NAFLD. This study provides direct evidence at a molecular level to explain that MDA may exert its oxidant activity by specific action within the specific molecular pathway.HighlightsImpairing antioxidant defense systems may be a main factor in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Increasing MDA and NO metabolites, as well as decreasing TSH values and SOD activity in NAFLD patients as compared to control subjectsIncreasing MDA level in NAFLD patients may be inactivate SOD activity by reaction with the key residues Cu ion inside active site of the enzyme catalytic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Arya
- Internal Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Nahid Azarmehr
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Mansourian
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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10
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Assawarachan SN, Chuchalermporn P, Maneesaay P, Thengchaisri N. Changes in Serum Lipid Profiles among Canine Patients Suffering from Chronic Hepatitis. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8100221. [PMID: 34679051 PMCID: PMC8539309 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans. However, the association between serum lipids and canine chronic hepatitis remains unknown. In this study, serum lipids, hepatic profiles, and hepatic ultrasound scores of healthy dogs and dogs with chronic hepatitis were evaluated. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in dogs with chronic hepatitis. There were 62.2% of dogs with chronic hepatitis accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, or both. Positive correlations were observed between serum ALT and cholesterol (r = 0.8287, p < 0.01), serum ALP and cholesterol (r = 0.8436, p < 0.01), serum GGT and cholesterol (r = 0.5640, p < 0.01), serum bile acid and cholesterol (r = 0.3310, p < 0.01) and serum ALP and triglycerides (r = 0.2582, p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between ultrasound scores of diseased dogs with and without hypertriglyceridemia and diseased dogs with and without hypercholesterolemia. Canine chronic hepatitis is associated with hyperlipidemia. A significant positive association was identified between hyperlipidemia, especially hypercholesterolemia, liver enzymes, and bile acid concentration in dogs suffering from chronic hepatitis. The underlying mechanisms connecting hyperlipidemia and canine chronic hepatitis remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathidpak Nantasanti Assawarachan
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Pahonyothin Rd., Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Endocrinology and Gastroenterology Unit, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 50 Pahonyothin Rd., Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Piyathip Chuchalermporn
- Radiology Unit, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 50 Pahonyothin Rd., Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Phudit Maneesaay
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Pahonyothin Rd., Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Naris Thengchaisri
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Pahonyothin Rd., Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Tippimarn Veterinary Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906/1 Pong Ta long Subdistrict, Pak Chong District, Nakohn Ratchasima 30130, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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11
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ALTUNTUZCU Ş, GUZEL F, UYAR A, KAPLAN İ, GÜZEL Y, TAŞDEMİR B, YALÇIN K. Is there a relationship between the liver SUVmax values in FDG-PET/CT imaging and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease score? JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.990487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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12
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Okanoue T, Sakamoto M, Harada K, Inagaki M, Totsuka N, Hashimoto G, Kumada H. Efficacy and safety of apararenone (MT-3995) in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized controlled study. Hepatol Res 2021; 51:943-956. [PMID: 34260795 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of apararenone 10 mg/day in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study, patients received apararenone 10 mg or placebo once daily for 72 weeks. The primary efficacy end-point was percent change in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from baseline to 24 weeks after randomization. Secondary efficacy end-points included changes in liver fibrosis markers. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and serum potassium levels were evaluated. RESULTS Forty-eight patients were randomly assigned to treatment (placebo, 23; apararenone, 25). The percent change in ALT at 24 weeks was -3.0% and -13.7% with placebo and apararenone, respectively (p = 0.308). The apararenone group showed greater reductions from baseline in fibrosis markers (type IV collagen 7S and procollagen-3 N-terminal peptide) and noninvasive tests of fibrosis (enhanced liver fibrosis score and Fibrosis-4 index) at all time points versus placebo. The percentage of patients with improvement of 1 point or more in fibrosis stage/without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score worsening was 41.7% with apararenone and 26.1% with placebo (p = 0.203). Adverse drug reactions were reported in three (13.0%) and three (12.5%) patients in the placebo and apararenone groups, respectively. Serum potassium levels increased in the apararenone group during the study and decreased to near baseline after the end of treatment. CONCLUSIONS In patients with NASH, apararenone 10 mg/day for 72 weeks was effective in decreasing ALT levels, improved multiple potential fibrosis markers, and was safe and well tolerated. Pathological findings showed anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of apararenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Inagaki
- Data Science Department, Ikuyaku, Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Totsuka
- Clinical Research and Development II Department, Ikuyaku, Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaia Hashimoto
- Clinical Research and Development II Department, Ikuyaku, Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Almahmoud MH, Al Khawaja NM, Alkinani A, Khader Y, Ajlouni KM. Prevalence of fatty liver disease and its associated factors among Jordanian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 68:102677. [PMID: 34401141 PMCID: PMC8358152 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known risk factor for Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) who have NAFLD are at a higher risk of developing advanced stages of liver disease, including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma compared to non-diabetic patients. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD among patients with T2DM, using hepatic ultrasonographic changes combined with derangement of hepatic transaminases level. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG) in Amman, Jordan. A total of 408 patients with T2DM and 90 non-diabetic subjects were included in this study. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid parameters and abdominal ultrasonography were measured. Results Using the ultrasonographic criteria for the diagnosis of NAFLD, the prevalence of NAFLD was 80.4 % and 53.3 % among diabetic and non-diabetic participants, respectively. Among the diabetic participants, 25 %, 40.4 %, and 15 % had mild, moderate, and severe grades of steatosis, respectively. On the other hand, 24.4 %, 21.1 %, and 7.8 % of the non-diabetic participants had mild, moderate, and severe grades of steatosis, respectively. Diabetic patients between 25 and 45 years of age, patients with overweight or obesity, patients with increased waist circumference were significantly at higher risk of having NAFLD. High TG, lower HDL, elevated AST and ALT, and using sulfonylureas and metformin versus using metformin only were significantly associated with increased odds of having NAFLD. Conclusions NAFLD is highly prevalent among patients with T2DM. Overweight or obesity, abnormal cholesterol levels and treatment with sulfonylureas were significantly associated with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik H Almahmoud
- The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Arwa Alkinani
- The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Kamel M Ajlouni
- The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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14
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Gadour E, Hassan Z, Gadour R. A Comprehensive Review of Transaminitis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Cureus 2021; 13:e16583. [PMID: 34322359 PMCID: PMC8300593 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed in the literature that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may be linked to irregular parameters of the metabolic system (MS) and liver function. For that reason, we conducted this systematic review to comprehensively analyze the association of transaminitis (elevated alanine transaminase (ALT)) with IBS. This review was designed by following methods described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Published peer-reviewed journal articles were included. Data were extracted based on study design, age, gender, author, date of publication or availability online, publication type, participants, gender (M/F), and types of IBS. Our electronic multiple databases yielded a total of 519 preliminary studies; we then removed duplicate studies and left with 326 studies. After reviewing the full text of these articles, a total of 83 studies were eliminated and lastly, three studies were selected for this systematic review for quantitative and qualitative analysis. All the enrolled subjects in included studies were diagnosed with IBS by the Rome II and III criteria and among these sub-jects, 50.4% had IBS-D, 13.8% had IBS-C, 30.3% had IBS-M, and 3.5% had IBS-U. The prevalence of elevated ALT with other liver enzymes (γ-GT levels and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome whether their body mass index (BMI) was high or not (16.9% vs. 7.7%; p=0.015) and γ-GT (24.1% vs. 11.5%; p=0.037), Lee et al., 2016. The IBS-D subtype was seen more commonly in patients whose alcohol intake was significantly high however their study data showed no significant change in elevation of ALT. The upper limits normal values for serum liver enzymes were de-fined as 41 international per liter in males and 31 international units per liter in females for ALT. No significant relationships were observed between IBS status and elevated γ-GT (OR, 1.647; 95% CI, 0.784-3.461). The review study proposes a potential relation between elevated ALT levels, MS, and IBS, and this review might be the first review in IBS patients to observe the association of elevated ALT in the IBS population. Although further additional trials with a large sample size will be required to confirm these results. Furthermore, for assessing the efficacy of the manipulation of gut microbiota ran-domized controlled trials in a large population of IBS patients are needed to establish a causal-resultant relationship between IBS, MS, and liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyad Gadour
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, GBR
| | - Zeinab Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Stockport Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, GBR
| | - Rajaey Gadour
- Responsible Medical Services, The National Ambulance, Abu Dhabi, ARE
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15
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Kalyesubula M, Mopuri R, Asiku J, Rosov A, Yosefi S, Edery N, Bocobza S, Moallem U, Dvir H. High-dose vitamin B1 therapy prevents the development of experimental fatty liver driven by overnutrition. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm.048355. [PMID: 33608323 PMCID: PMC7988776 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver is an abnormal metabolic condition of excess intrahepatic fat. This condition, referred to as hepatic steatosis, is tightly associated with chronic liver disease and systemic metabolic morbidity. The most prevalent form in humans, i.e. non-alcoholic fatty liver, generally develops due to overnutrition and sedentary lifestyle, and has as yet no approved drug therapy. Previously, we have developed a relevant large-animal model in which overnourished sheep raised on a high-calorie carbohydrate-rich diet develop hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that treatment with thiamine (vitamin B1) can counter the development of hepatic steatosis driven by overnutrition. Remarkably, the thiamine-treated animals presented with completely normal levels of intrahepatic fat, despite consuming the same amount of liver-fattening diet. Thiamine treatment also decreased hyperglycemia and increased the glycogen content of the liver, but it did not improve insulin sensitivity, suggesting that steatosis can be addressed independently of targeting insulin resistance. Thiamine increased the catalytic capacity for hepatic oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids. However, at gene-expression levels, more-pronounced effects were observed on lipid-droplet formation and lipidation of very-low-density lipoprotein, suggesting that thiamine affects lipid metabolism not only through its known classic coenzyme roles. This discovery of the potent anti-steatotic effect of thiamine may prove clinically useful in managing fatty liver-related disorders.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugagga Kalyesubula
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel.,Department of Animal Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ramgopal Mopuri
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Jimmy Asiku
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel.,Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alexander Rosov
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Sara Yosefi
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Nir Edery
- Pathology Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Services, Rishon LeZion 50250, Israel
| | - Samuel Bocobza
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center - ARO, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Uzi Moallem
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Hay Dvir
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
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16
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Zhao P, Saltiel AR. From overnutrition to liver injury: AMP-activated protein kinase in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12279-12289. [PMID: 32651233 PMCID: PMC7443502 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs), especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), have become a major cause of liver transplant and liver-associated death. However, the pathogenesis of NASH is still unclear. Currently, there is no FDA-approved medication to treat this devastating disease. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) senses energy status and regulates metabolic processes to maintain homeostasis. The activity of AMPK is regulated by the availability of nutrients, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. AMPK activity is increased by nutrient deprivation and inhibited by overnutrition, inflammation, and hypersecretion of certain anabolic hormones, such as insulin, during obesity. The repression of hepatic AMPK activity permits the transition from simple steatosis to hepatocellular death; thus, activation might ameliorate multiple aspects of NASH. Here we review the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the impact of AMPK activity state on hepatic steatosis, inflammation, liver injury, and fibrosis during the transition of NAFL to NASH and liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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Rotondo C, Corrado A, Mansueto N, Cici D, Corsi F, Pennella A, Paolo Cantatore F. Pfeifer-Weber-Christian Disease: A Case Report and Review of Literature on Visceral Involvements and Treatment Choices. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CASE REPORTS 2020; 13:1179547620917958. [PMID: 32528225 PMCID: PMC7263116 DOI: 10.1177/1179547620917958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pfeifer-Weber-Christian disease (PWCD) is a rare idiopathic disease characterized by lobular panniculitis of adipose tissue with systemic symptoms and multiple organ involvement. Even though the systemic involvement is rare, it is life-threatening and represent a treatment challenge for the clinicians. We report a case of PWCD characterized by hepatic, hematologic, and renal involvement, with good response to mofetil mycophenolate and prednisone treatment. A 47-year-old female presented several months’ history of painful subcutaneous nodules, fever and lymphadenopathy with recent appearing of microcytic hypochromic anemia, leucopenia with neutropenia, and increase in transaminase. Skin biopsy showed lobular panniculitis with lymph-histiocytic and neutrophilic infiltrates with necrosis of adipocytes. A combination therapy of corticosteroid with mofetil mycophenolate was effective. Moreover, we discuss the clinical manifestation and the therapeutic choices in PWCD, from classical immunosuppressive drugs to new biotechnological agents, and we provide a comprehensive review of the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Rotondo
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Addolorata Corrado
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Natalia Mansueto
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Cici
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Corsi
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Pennella
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Histological grading evaluation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease after bariatric surgery: a retrospective and longitudinal observational cohort study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8496. [PMID: 32444690 PMCID: PMC7244764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease with several degrees of histological features which may progress to cirrhosis. Obesity is an important risk factor and although NAFLD has no specific pharmacological treatment, bariatric surgery has been associated with NAFLD regression in severely obese patients. However, few longitudinal histological studies support this finding. Therefore, firstly, a retrospective study was performed including clinical and histological data of 895 obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery. In addition, histological analyses of 30 patient’s liver biopsies were evaluated at two timepoints (T1 and T2). The retrospective analysis of the total number of patients revealed that the average body mass index (BMI) was 35.91 ± 2.81 kg/m2. The liver biopsies during bariatric surgery showed that 53.52% did not present NAFLD, 30.16% had NASH, 15.98% isolated steatosis and 0.34% liver cirrhosis. The median BMI of the longitudinal cohort decreased from 37.9 ± 2.21 kg/m2 at the time of bariatric surgery (T1) to 25.69 ± 3.79 kg/m2 after 21 ± 22 months after the procedure (T2). The prevalence of NAFLD in T1 was 50%, and 16.67% in T2. The histological area of collagen fiber was lower in T2 compared to T1 (p = 0.0152) in the majority of patients, which was also illustrated by immunohistochemistry for Kupffer cell and myofibroblast formation markers. These findings confirmed the NAFLD regression after bariatric surgery and, for the first time, showed the amelioration of these features using more accurate histopathological techniques.
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19
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Ozaki A, Yoneda M, Kessoku T, Iwaki M, Kobayashi T, Honda Y, Ogawa Y, Imajo K, Sakai E, Taguri M, Yamanaka T, Iwasaki T, Kurihashi T, Saito S, Nakajima A. Effect of tofogliflozin and pioglitazone on hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, open-label pilot study (ToPiND study). Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 17:100516. [PMID: 31956725 PMCID: PMC6956674 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased recently and is related to obesity and the associated surge in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome diagnoses. We aim to compare the effectiveness of tofogliflozin and pioglitazone treatment on hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD with type 2 DM. Methods This is an open label, prospective, randomized exploratory study. Patients who meet the inclusion criteria and do not meet any exclusion criteria will undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). Patients with ≥10% liver fat content on MRI-PDFF will be randomly assigned to receive tofogliflozin 20 mg per day (n = 20) or pioglitazone 15–30 mg per day (n = 20). MRI will be performed after 24 weeks following initiation of medication therapy. Then, patients will take tofogliflozin and pioglitazone in combination in both groups for 24 weeks. MRI will be performed again at 48 weeks (24 weeks after initiation medication in combination). Results Our study's primary endpoint will be change in hepatic steatosis measured by MRI-PDFF at 24 weeks after medication therapy. The secondary endpoint will be change in alanine aminotransferase at 24 weeks of medication therapy and the main exploratory endpoint will be changes in liver fat content and liver sclerosis at 48 weeks of medication. Conclusions We will compare the effectiveness of tofogliflozin and pioglitazone treatment using MRI for improving hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD complicated by DM and investigate if the combination of these two medications is effective for treating NAFLD. Trial registration This trial is registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs031180159). Protocol version 1.2, 14 December 2018.
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Key Words
- AE, adverse event
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- CRF, case report form
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- Diabetes mellitus
- FAS, full analysis set
- HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin
- Hepatic steatosis
- MRI-Based proton density fat fraction
- MRI-PDFF, magnetic resonance imaging-based proton density fat fraction
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- PPS, per protocol set
- Pioglitazone
- SPIRIT, the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials
- Tofogliflozin
- jRCTs, the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ozaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Palliative Care Center Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Palliative Care Center Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Data Science, Yokohama City University School of Data Science, 2-22 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Iwasaki
- Iwasaki Internal Medicine Clinic, 1-1-5 Furu-ruyokohama1F, Kamihoshikawa, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-0042, Japan
| | - Takeo Kurihashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama Clinic, Kanagawa Dental University, 3-31-6 Tsuruya-cho, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-0835, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Leptin/adiponectin ratio correlates with hepatic steatosis but not arterial stiffness in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese population. Cytokine 2019; 126:154927. [PMID: 31756645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of leptin-to-adiponectin (L/A) ratio with hepatic steatosis and arterial stiffness in NAFLD. METHODS The subjects were 871 Japanese adults who participated in a health survey. Dietary intake, body composition, lipid profile, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, and adiponectin were analyzed. NAFLD was defined as fatty liver on ultrasonography in the absence of other causes of steatosis. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). RESULTS The subjects with NAFLD had a greater body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP); a higher intake of daily energy (kcal) and carbohydrates; and a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. The subjects with NAFLD had higher serum leptin and lower serum adiponectin concentrations and a higher L/A ratio than subjects without NAFLD. The L/A ratio increased with increasing severity of steatosis. The L/A ratio showed positive correlations with BMI and BFP, and a negative correlation with age. Women had higher L/A ratio and BFP levels than men regardless of the presence or absence of NAFLD. There was a weak positive correlation between baPWV and severity of steatosis. BaPWV was strongly correlated with age, while no relation was found between baPWV and L/A ratio. IL-6 level was correlated with baPVW and age, while the correlation between Il and 6 level and L/A ratio was very weak. The L/A ratio was correlated with triglycerides and the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. CONCLUSION L/A ratio and arterial stiffness were associated with the severity of steatosis, whereas there was no correlation between L/A ratio and arterial stiffness in NAFLD. These findings suggest that not only leptin and adiponectin but also other factors might be involved in the pathogenesis for atherosclerosis in NAFLD.
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21
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Meroni M, Longo M, Dongiovanni P. The Role of Probiotics in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A New Insight into Therapeutic Strategies. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112642. [PMID: 31689910 PMCID: PMC6893730 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a broad spectrum of pathological hepatic conditions ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may predispose to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Due to the epidemic obesity, NAFLD is representing a global health issue and the leading cause of liver damage worldwide. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is closely related to insulin resistance (IR), adiposity and physical inactivity as well as genetic and epigenetic factors corroborate to the development and progression of hepatic steatosis and liver injury. Emerging evidence has outlined the implication of gut microbiota and gut-derived endotoxins as actively contributors to NAFLD pathophysiology probably due to the tight anatomo-functional crosstalk between the gut and the liver. Obesity, nutrition and environmental factors might alter intestinal permeability producing a favorable micro-environment for bacterial overgrowth, mucosal inflammation and translocation of both invasive pathogens and harmful byproducts, which, in turn, influence hepatic fat composition and exacerbated pro-inflammatory and fibrotic processes. To date, no therapeutic interventions are available for NAFLD prevention and management, except for modifications in lifestyle, diet and physical exercise even though they show discouraging results due to the poor compliance of patients. The premise of this review is to discuss the role of gut–liver axis in NAFLD and emphasize the beneficial effects of probiotics on gut microbiota composition as a novel attractive therapeutic strategy to introduce in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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22
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Liu B, Zhang J, Sun P, Yi R, Han X, Zhao X. Raw Bowl Tea (Tuocha) Polyphenol Prevention of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Intestinal Function in Mice. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090435. [PMID: 31480575 PMCID: PMC6770140 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet-induced C57BL/6N mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was established. The effect and mechanism of Raw Bowl Tea polyphenols (RBTP) on preventing NAFLD via regulating intestinal function were observed. The serum, liver, epididymis, small intestine tissues, and feces of mice were examined by biochemical and molecular biological methods, and the composition of RBTP was analyzed by HPLC assay. The results showed that RBTP could effectively reduce the body weight, liver weight, and liver index of NAFLD mice. The serum effects of RBTP were: (1) decreases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), D-lactate (D-LA), diamine oxidase (DAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and an increase of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels; (2) a decrease of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (INF-γ); (3) a decrease the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in liver tissue; and (4) alleviation of pathological injuries of liver, epididymis, and small intestinal tissues caused by NAFLD and protection of body tissues. qPCR and Western blot results showed that RBTP could up-regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of LPL, PPAR-α, CYP7A1, and CPT1, and down-regulate PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α in the liver of NAFLD mice. In addition, RBTP up-regulated the expression of occludin and ZO-1, and down-regulated the expression of CD36 and TNF-α in the small intestines of NAFLD mice. Studies on mice feces showed that RBTP reduced the level of Firmicutes and increased the minimum levels of Bacteroides and Akkermansia, as well as reduced the proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroides in the feces of NAFLD mice, which play a role in regulating intestinal microecology. Component analysis showed that RBTP contained seven polyphenolic compounds: Gallic acid, (-)-epigallocatechin, catechin, L-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-gallocatechin gallate, and (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and high levels of caffeine, (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and ECG. RBTP improved the intestinal environment of NAFLD mice with the contained active ingredients, thus playing a role in preventing NAFLD. The effect was positively correlated with the dose of 100 mg/kg, which was even better than that of the clinical drug bezafibrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihui Liu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Environment and Quality Inspection College, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing 401228, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Ruokun Yi
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
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Okamura K, Okuda T, Takamiya Y, Shirai K, Urata H. High Fib4 index in patients with suspected NASH is associated with elevation of chymase-dependent angiotensin II-forming activity in circulating mononuclear leucocytes. Heart Vessels 2019; 34:1559-1569. [PMID: 30919112 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fatal hepatic disease is closely related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, especially non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is associated with cardiovascular events because it develops on the background of lifestyle-related diseases. Chymase-dependent angiotensin II-forming activity (dAIIFA) in circulating mononuclear leucocytes (CML) is a marker of local angiotensin II production and inflammation. This study investigated the association between CML chymase dAIIFA and NASH. Cardiovascular outpatients were recruited and the Fib4 index (F4I) was calculated. Patients with an F4I > 2.67 were classified into the high F4I group and these patients were strongly suspected to have NASH, while patients with an F4I < 1.30 were classified into the low F4I group. Patient background factors were compared between these groups. CML chymase dAIIFA was measured by ELISA using Nma/Dnp-modified angiotensin I. Among 499 patients, 16% were classified into the high F4I group. Compared with the low F4I group, the high F4I group had a significantly higher age, pancytopenia, more frequent diabetes mellitus, lower diastolic blood pressure, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, higher brain natriuretic peptide, lower plasma aldosterone concentration, higher total AIIFA, higher CML chymase dAIIFA, and higher pulse wave velocity. Contrary to expectations, the body mass index, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were relatively low in the high F4I group. Many cardiovascular outpatients have a high F4I and can probably be categorized as NASH. The high F4I patients had few features of metabolic syndrome and were suspected to have elevated tissue chymase dAIIFA contributing to inflammation in the liver as well as in cardiovascular organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, 1-1-1, Zokumyoin, Chikushino, Fukuoka, 818-8502, Japan.
| | - Tetsu Okuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, 1-1-1, Zokumyoin, Chikushino, Fukuoka, 818-8502, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takamiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, 1-1-1, Zokumyoin, Chikushino, Fukuoka, 818-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Shirai
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, 1-1-1, Zokumyoin, Chikushino, Fukuoka, 818-8502, Japan
| | - Hidenori Urata
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, 1-1-1, Zokumyoin, Chikushino, Fukuoka, 818-8502, Japan
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Gheflati A, Adelnia E, Nadjarzadeh A. The clinical effects of purslane (
Portulaca oleracea
) seeds on metabolic profiles in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1501-1509. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Gheflati
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Elham Adelnia
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
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Regev A, Palmer M, Avigan MI, Dimick‐Santos L, Treem WR, Marcinak JF, Seekins D, Krishna G, Anania FA, Freston JW, Lewis JH, Sanyal AJ, Chalasani N. Consensus: guidelines: best practices for detection, assessment and management of suspected acute drug-induced liver injury during clinical trials in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49:702-713. [PMID: 30761572 PMCID: PMC6593464 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The last decade has seen a rapid growth in the number of clinical trials enrolling patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Due to the underlying chronic liver disease, patients with NASH often require different approaches to the assessment and management of suspected drug-induced liver injury (DILI) compared to patients with healthy livers. However, currently no regulatory guidelines or position papers systematically address best practices pertaining to DILI in NASH clinical trials. AIMS This publication focuses on best practices concerning the detection, monitoring, diagnosis and management of suspected acute DILI during clinical trials in patients with NASH. METHODS This is one of several papers developed by the IQ DILI Initiative, comprised of members from 15 pharmaceutical companies, in collaboration with DILI experts from academia and regulatory agencies. This paper is based on extensive literature review, and discussions between industry members with expertise in drug safety and DILI experts from outside industry to achieve consensus on common questions related to this topic. RESULTS Recommended best practices are outlined pertaining to hepatic inclusion and exclusion criteria, monitoring of liver tests, DILI detection, approach to a suspected DILI signal, causality assessment and hepatic discontinuation rules. CONCLUSIONS This paper provides a framework for the approach to assessment and management of suspected acute DILI during clinical trials in patients with NASH.
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Choung S, Kim JM, Joung KH, Lee ES, Kim HJ, Ku BJ. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diet-induced obese mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210828. [PMID: 30735525 PMCID: PMC6368280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease. NAFLD begins with excessive lipid accumulation in the liver and progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. NAFLD is closely linked to dysregulated hepatic lipid metabolism. Although recent studies have reported that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling regulates lipid metabolism, the roles of EGFR and EGFR inhibitors as modulators of lipid metabolism are largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether inhibiting EGFR using the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) PD153035 improves NAFLD. Our results demonstrate that EGFR was activated in liver tissues from high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mice. Inhibiting EGFR using PD153035 significantly reduced phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling and sterol responsive elementary binding protein 1 and 2 expression, which prevented HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and hypercholesterolemia by reducing de novo lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis and enhancing fatty acid oxidation. Additionally, inhibiting EGFR improved HFD-induced glucose intolerance. In conclusion, these results indicate that EGFR plays an important role in NAFLD and is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorim Choung
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyong Hye Joung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eaum Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Watanabe S, Kumazaki S, Yamamoto S, Sato I, Kitamori K, Mori M, Yamori Y, Hirohata S. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis aggravates nitric oxide synthase inhibition-induced arteriosclerosis in SHRSP5/Dmcr rat model. Int J Exp Pathol 2019; 99:282-294. [PMID: 30680827 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is linked to increased cardiovascular risk, independent of the broad spectrum of metabolic syndrome risk factors. Stroke-prone (SP) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP5/Dmcr) fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet developed hepatic lesions similar to those in human NASH pathology. These rats simultaneously developed lipid deposits in the mesenteric arteries, cardiac fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction and left ventricle (LV) diastolic dysfunction. However, the intermediary factors between NASH and cardiovascular disease are still unknown. We investigated whether NASH aggravates nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition-induced arteriosclerosis in SHRSP5/Dmcr rats. Wistar Kyoto and SHRSP5/Dmcr rats were divided into 4 groups of 5 and fed the stroke-prone (SP) or HFC diets for 8 weeks. To induce NO synthase inhibition, Nω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) mixed with drinking water was administered in the final 2 weeks. The NASH+L-NAME group demonstrated the following characteristics related to arteriosclerosis and myocardial ischaemia: (a) LV systolic dysfunction with asynergy, (b) replacement fibrosis caused by the shedding of cardiomyocytes and (c) arterial lipid deposition and coronary occlusion secondary to endothelial dysfunction. These characteristics were not observed in the NASH or non-NASH+L-NAME groups. The SHRSP5/Dmcr rat model demonstrates that NASH significantly aggravates cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Watanabe
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shota Kumazaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shusei Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ikumi Sato
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kitamori
- College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mari Mori
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Studies, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirohata
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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28
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Sumida Y, Murotani K, Saito M, Tamasawa A, Osonoi Y, Yoneda M, Osonoi T. Effect of luseogliflozin on hepatic fat content in type 2 diabetes patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A prospective, single-arm trial (LEAD trial). Hepatol Res 2019; 49:64-71. [PMID: 30051943 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS No pharmacological therapies are approved for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Luseogliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, has been developed for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this prospective, single-arm study is to evaluate the efficacy of luseogliflozin on hepatic fat content and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in T2DM patients with NAFLD. METHODS Forty T2DM patients with NAFLD were treated with luseogliflozin 2.5 mg/day for 24 weeks. Primary end-points were changes in HbA1c and hepatic steatosis evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging-hepatic fat fraction from baseline. Secondary end-points were changes in metabolic and hepatic function-related parameters, including hepatic fibrosis markers (Fibrosis-4 index, NAFLD fibrosis score, type IV collagen 7S. and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein). RESULTS Not only HbA1c and transaminase activities but also hepatic fat content were significantly decreased after 24 weeks of therapy with luseogliflozin. The reduction of hepatic fat content was significantly correlated with the reduction of alanine aminotransferase. Although hepatic fibrosis markers were unchanged, serum ferritin levels reduced and serum albumin significantly increased after the treatment. CONCLUSION Luseogliflozin can be a novel promising agent for the treatment of T2DM patients with NAFLD. Prospective randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm this impact of luseogliflozin onT2DM with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenta Murotani
- Biostatistics Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miyoko Saito
- Nakakinen Clinic Medical Corporation Kenseikai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsuko Tamasawa
- Nakakinen Clinic Medical Corporation Kenseikai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Osonoi
- Nakakinen Clinic Medical Corporation Kenseikai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masashi Yoneda
- Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Osonoi
- Nakakinen Clinic Medical Corporation Kenseikai, Ibaraki, Japan
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29
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Herath HMM, Kodikara I, Weerarathna TP, Liyanage G. Prevalence and associations of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Sri Lankan patients with type 2 diabetes: A single center study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:246-250. [PMID: 30641706 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes for chronic liver disease in Asians. It occurs more commonly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, data on prevalence and associations of NAFLD among Sri Lankans with diabetes are lacking. The main aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with NAFLD in a cohort of diabetic patients. METHODS Total of 233 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, followed up at a diabetes center in Southern Sri Lanka, were recruited by convenience sampling method. Each of them underwent a detailed medical history, physical examination, laboratory investigations and abdominal ultrasonography(USS). The diagnosis of NAFLD was made according to the established criteria using USS. RESULTS The overall prevalence of NAFLD based on USS was 62.6% with no significant gender difference. Compared to USS, elevation in AST and ALT levels, based on NHANES III criteria, occurred only in 42% (98/234). The patients with NAFLD (56.7 ± 8.9) were significantly younger and had higher BMI and waist circumference, and raised AST and ALT than those without NAFLD. Binary logistic regression showed that the use of pioglitazone, higher BMI, and waist circumference were independently and significantly associated with NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD is common in Sri Lankan patients with T2DM and central and global obesity are significant associations. Use of pioglitazone seemed to be protective against the development of NAFLD. These findings underscore the need for weight management as a preventive measure of NAFLD in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iroshani Kodikara
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, PO Box 70, Galle, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - Gayani Liyanage
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicne, POBox 70, Galle, Sri Lanka.
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30
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Alves A, Mamede A, Alves M, Oliveira P, Rocha S, Botelho M, Maia C. Glycolysis Inhibition as a Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment? Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 19:26-40. [DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180430144441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequently detected primary malignant liver tumor, representing a worldwide public health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. The HCC is commonly detected in advanced stage, precluding the use of treatments with curative intent. For this reason, it is crucial to find effective therapies for HCC. Cancer cells have a high dependence of glycolysis for ATP production, especially under hypoxic environment. Such dependence provides a reliable possible strategy to specifically target cancer cells based on the inhibition of glycolysis. HCC, such as other cancer types, presents a clinically well-known upregulation of several glycolytic key enzymes and proteins, including glucose transporters particularly glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Such enzymes and proteins constitute potential targets for therapy. Indeed, for some of these targets, several inhibitors were already reported, such as 2-Deoxyglucose, Imatinib or Flavonoids. Although the inhibition of glycolysis presents a great potential for an anticancer therapy, the development of glycolytic inhibitors as a new class of anticancer agents needs to be more explored. Herein, we propose to summarize, discuss and present an overview on the different approaches to inhibit the glycolytic metabolism in cancer cells, which may be very effective in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.P. Alves
- Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - A.C. Mamede
- Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - M.G. Alves
- Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - P.F. Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S.M. Rocha
- Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - M.F. Botelho
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C.J. Maia
- Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
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31
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Alleviation of fatty liver in a rat model by enhancing N1-methylnicotinamide bioavailability through aldehyde oxidase inhibition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:203-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Seko Y, Nishikawa T, Umemura A, Yamaguchi K, Moriguchi M, Yasui K, Kimura M, Iijima H, Hashimoto T, Sumida Y, Okanoue T, Itoh Y. Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis classified as stage 1-3 fibrosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11:835-843. [PMID: 30568471 PMCID: PMC6267487 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s184767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is known to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in high rate. The improvement in hepatic function due to sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors has been reported in T2DM patients with and without NAFLD. However, only a few studies have attempted to evaluate the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in T2DM patients with biopsy-proven NASH, and no detailed prospective studies including the individual hepatic fibrosis stage have been reported. Therefore, we investigated the effect of canagliflozin on hepatic function in T2DM patients with biopsy-confirmed NASH. METHODS T2DM patients with NASH (hepatic fibrosis stage 1-3 confirmed via liver biopsy, n=10) were enrolled and received canagliflozin (100 mg) once a day for 12 weeks. The primary end point was change in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels from baseline to week 12. Secondary end points were liver function/fibrosis markers, metabolic parameters, and safety. RESULTS The change in ALT from baseline to week 12 was -23.9 U/L (95% CI -48.1 to 0.3, P=0.0526). Significant improvements in several hepatic function/fibrosis markers, such as aspartate aminotransferase, fibrosis-4 index, and FM-fibro index, and metabolic parameters including hemoglobin A1c and body weight were found. No serious or liver-related adverse events were reported. Regarding individual patients, different trends in ALT-lowering effects between stage 1 and stage 2/3 subjects were observed; the degree of ALT-lowering effect tended to be greater in the stage 1 group than in the stage 2/3 group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that canagliflozin is effective and well-tolerated in patients with T2DM and NASH. Canagliflozin may be useful for the treatment of T2DM patients with NASH, especially those in early stages of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Seko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan,
| | - Taichiro Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan,
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan,
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan,
| | - Michihisa Moriguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan,
| | - Kohichiroh Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan,
| | - Mayumi Kimura
- Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iijima
- Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Hashimoto
- Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan,
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Lugari S, Mantovani A, Nascimbeni F, Lonardo A. Hypothyroidism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease - a chance association? Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 41:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0047/hmbci-2018-0047.xml. [PMID: 30367792 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) defines the clinical-pathological spectrum of hepatic lipotoxicity, which may progress to hepatic fibrosis and its complications. Thyroid hormone is a master regulator of cell metabolism and body fat distribution. Whether hypothyroidism is associated or not with an increased risk of developing NAFLD and its fibrotic progression is both clinically and physiopathologically relevant. Indeed, answering this research question would carry major pathogenic and therapeutic implications. Method PubMed database was searched using relevant key-words such as hypothyroidism; NAFLD; nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; cirrhosis; hepatocellular carcinoma; epidemiology; pathogenesis; natural history. The epidemiological studies and the meta-analyses published so far were identified as well as those studies addressing the physiopathology underlying this association. Results Many observational studies have investigated the association between either subclinical or overt hypothyroidism and NAFLD. Data are conflicting: some original and meta-analytical studies demonstrated that hypothyroidism, (mainly subclinical hypothyroidism), was common, occurring in approximately 25% of individuals with imaging-defined or biopsy-proven NAFLD; other studies, however, failed to identify a significant association between hypothyroidism and NAFLD. Moreover, such an association is biologically plausible based on the specific physiopathological impact of thyroid hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on metabolism of hepatocytes and accumulation and distribution of body fat. Conclusions The findings from the present review support a significant association between primary hypothyroidism and risk of development and progression of NAFLD. However, further studies evaluating the relative importance of subclinical versus overt hypothyroidism as well as addressing the mechanisms underlying the association of hypothyroidism with NAFLD are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Lugari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mantovani
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Nascimbeni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Amedeo Lonardo
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
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Wu X, Gong C, Weinstock J, Cheng J, Hu S, Venners SA, Hsu YH, Wu S, Zha X, Jiang S, Li Y, Pan F, Xu X. Associations of the SLCO1B1 Polymorphisms With Hepatic Function, Baseline Lipid Levels, and Lipid-lowering Response to Simvastatin in Patients With Hyperlipidemia. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:240S-247S. [PMID: 30336686 PMCID: PMC6714829 DOI: 10.1177/1076029618805863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to examine the associations of the 388A>G and 521T>C polymorphisms in
the solute carrier organic anion transporter 1B1 (SLCO1B1) gene with hepatic function,
baseline lipid levels, and the lipid-lowering efficiency of simvastatin. We recruited 542
patients with hyperlipidemia. The 388A>G and 521T>C polymorphisms were genotyped.
Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), Serum triglyceride
(TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were measured before and after an oral
20-mg dose of simvastatin. Individuals with the 388AA genotype had higher ALT and AST
levels than those with the 388AG or 388GG genotypes (P = .037 and P = .002, respectively).
Individuals with both the 388AA and the 521TT genotypes had the highest levels of ALT and
AST (P = .001 and P = .001, respectively). Moreover, we divided all patients into normal
and abnormal subgroups based on elevated ALT and AST values (≥ 40 U/L), participants in
the abnormal subgroup had a higher frequency of the 388A/521T haplotype and a lower
frequency of the 388G/521T haplotype compared to those in the normal subgroup. In
addition, compared to 388G allele and 521C allele carriers, individuals with the 388G
allele and 521TT genotype carriers had greater TC and LDL-C reduction in response to
simvastatin after 4 weeks of treatment. Our conclusion suggests that the interaction
between the SLCO1B1 388A>G and 521T>C polymorphisms could be an important genetic
determinant of hepatic function and the therapeutic efficiency of simvastatin in Chinese
patients with hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Justin Weinstock
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jun Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Shengnan Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Scott A Venners
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute for Aging Research, HSL and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suwen Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangdong Zha
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Shanqun Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Study Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
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35
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: current concepts, epidemiology and management strategies. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 30:1103-1115. [PMID: 30113367 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most prevalent liver disease in the world. It involves a spectrum of conditions from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis, and is a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is defined by presence of steatosis in 5% of hepatocytes or more in the absence of other causes of fatty liver. The metabolic syndrome is the major known risk factor for NAFLD. Dietary contributors such as high fructose intake and coffee consumption appear to increase and decrease the risk of disease respectively, but these links are unclear. Genetic associations have also been identified. The estimated prevalence of the disease varies according to diagnostic method and population demographics. It appears to be a major issue in Europe with population studies showing up to 50% of the individuals are affected while in the USA one in three adults are estimated to have NAFLD. Laboratory investigations and ultrasound are typically first-line investigations. Fibrosis may be assessed noninvasively through transient elastography and biomarkers but liver biopsy remains the gold standard to quantify hepatic damage. Associated comorbidities include cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Weight loss, dietary changes and exercise are recommended in management. Medications should be considered to manage underlying risk factors including insulin resistance. Surgical options include bariatric procedures and liver transplantation. The combination of rising prevalence and significant potential complications warrant further research into NAFLD, particularly in areas with research gaps including Eastern Europe.
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Kurinami N, Sugiyama S, Yoshida A, Hieshima K, Miyamoto F, Kajiwara K, Jinnouch K, Jinnouchi T, Jinnouchi H. Dapagliflozin significantly reduced liver fat accumulation associated with a decrease in abdominal subcutaneous fat in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 142:254-263. [PMID: 29859912 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We examined dapagliflozin-induced changes in liver fat accumulation. METHODS We prospectively recruited Japanese patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) >7.0%]. Dapagliflozin (5 mg/day) or non-sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) was added to the patients' treatment regimen for 6 months. Changes in liver fat accumulation were assessed by the liver-to-spleen (L/S) attenuation ratio using abdominal computed tomography (CT). RESULTS This study enrolled 55 Japanese T2DM patients. The L/S ratio significantly increased in the dapagliflozin group compared with the non-SGLT2i group. Abdominal subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral fat area, total fat area assessed by abdominal CT, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase decreased significantly only in the dapagliflozin group. Changes in the L/S ratio showed a significant negative relationship with changes in abdominal SFA, ALT, and non-esterified fatty acid. In sub-group analyses of non-insulin users, hepatic insulin extraction was assessed by the plasma C-peptide-to-insulin ratio, which was significantly increased in the dapagliflozin group but not in the non-SGLT2i group. CONCLUSION In patients with inadequately controlled T2DM, additional dapagliflozin-treatment significantly reduced the liver fat accumulation associated with a decrease in abdominal SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seigo Sugiyama
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshida
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kunio Hieshima
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumio Miyamoto
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Kajiwara
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunori Jinnouch
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan; Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Hideaki Jinnouchi
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan; Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Milroy CM. Fatty Liver and the Forensic Pathologist. Acad Forensic Pathol 2018; 8:296-310. [PMID: 31240043 PMCID: PMC6490134 DOI: 10.1177/1925362118782061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver is a common finding in clinical practice and at autopsy. It is most commonly seen associated with alcohol abuse and in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It may also be seen in many other conditions in both adults and children. It is now recognized that NAFLD, like alcoholic liver disease, may lead to end stage liver disease. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with increased mortality from other disorders, particularly cardiovascular diseases. Fatty liver may be seen in many conditions that concern autopsy pathologists, including drug toxicity, anorexia, hepatic ischemia, and heatstroke. In infants, steatosis is common in sudden unexpected deaths. Fatty liver has been associated with sudden death and this review examines the pathology and role of fatty liver in sudden death. Acad Forensic Pathol. 2018 8(2): 296-310.
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38
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The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the activation of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatic inflammation. Cytokine 2018; 110:389-396. [PMID: 29803661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic viral hepatitis is a prevalent disease with major health implications. Its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. IL-1β and the NLRP3 inflammasome involvement has been suggested in recent years, from in vitro data and data from peripheral blood samples. Therefore, we investigated IL-1β and the NLRP3 inflammasome in liver tissues in an effort to clarify their role in the pathophysiology of chronic viral hepatitis. METHODS We studied liver biopsies from patients with a new diagnosis of either chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) or patients with chronic hepatitis B in remission (CHB-rem). The biopsies were separated in two parts. The first part was sent to histology to determine the grade of inflammation and fibrosis. From the second part, RNA was extracted and converted to cDNA used in semi-quantitative Real-Time PCR to measure the levels of IL1B, CASP1, NLRP3, ASC and IL1RA. The cell lines used in the in vitro experiments were Huh7.5, LX2 and THP-1 in variety of combinations of monocultures, co-cultures and triple cultures with one of the cell lines infected with the JFH-1 HCV clone. From the cell cultures RNA was extracted and converted to cDNA. For cell lines, we focused in the expression of IL1B and NLRP3. RESULTS The expression of IL1B, CASP1 and NLRP3 were found significantly different between our groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.001 and p = 0.038, respectively). CHB patients displayed significantly higher IL1B and CASP1 mRNA levels compared to both CHB-rem and CHC patients. IL1B expression significantly correlates with liver biochemical data in CHB patients (AST: p = 0.006, r = 0.457; ALT p = 0.002, r = 0.497). Finally, mRNA levels of IL1B in CHB patients significantly correlate with the degree of inflammation (p = 0.016) but not the stage of fibrosis (p = 0.362). Interestingly, the relative expression of IL1B in triple culture experiments in vitro was below of 1.5-fold, suggesting no activation of IL1B. Moreover, no activation of NLRP3 was demonstrated in all investigated in vitro conditions. CONCLUSION IL-1β might play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatic inflammation from HBV, but not from HCV.
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Trunečka P, Míková I, Dlouhá D, Hubáček JA, Honsová E, Kolesár L, Lánská V, Fraňková S, Šperl J, Jirsa M, Poledne R. Donor PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype is a risk factor for graft steatosis. A post-transplant biopsy-based study. Dig Liver Dis 2018; 50:490-495. [PMID: 29396131 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The rs738409 c.444C > G (p.I148M) polymorphism in PNPLA3 is a major factor predisposing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of the study was to clarify the impact of liver and extrahepatic expression of the PNPLA3 p.148M variant on liver graft steatosis after liver transplantation. METHODS Fat content was assessed in liver biopsies from 176 transplant recipients. During a period of 4 ± 1 years after transplantation, 17 patients developed grade 3 steatosis, 14 patients grade 2 steatosis, 56 patients grade 1 steatosis, and 89 patients grade 0 steatosis. The influence of the recipient and donor rs738409 genotype and clinical and laboratory data on liver fat content were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS The PNPLA3 rs738409 CC/CG/GG genotype frequencies, respectively, were 0.494/0.449/0.057 in the graft donors and 0.545/0.330/0.125 in the graft recipients. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of the PNPLA3 c.444G allele in donor (OR 1.62; 95%CI 1.12-2.33), post-transplant BMI (OR 1.14; 95%CI 1.07-1.22), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.99; 95%CI 1.22-3.22), and serum triglycerides (OR 1.40; 95%CI 1.11-1.76) were independent risk factors for increased liver graft fat content. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the liver expression of the PNPLA3 p.148M variant confers a genetic predisposition to liver graft steatosis along with nutritional status and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Trunečka
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Míková
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Dlouhá
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav A Hubáček
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Honsová
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Pathology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kolesár
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Lánská
- Medical Statistics Unit, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Fraňková
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šperl
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jirsa
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Poledne
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Seko Y, Sumida Y, Sasaki K, Itoh Y, Iijima H, Hashimoto T, Ishii S, Inagaki N. Effects of canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on hepatic function in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: pooled and subgroup analyses of clinical trials. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:140-151. [PMID: 28669071 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the efficacy of canagliflozin (based on its effect on liver function and blood glucose levels) and its safety in high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) patients (ALT >30 U/L). METHODS This post hoc analysis of canagliflozin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients was divided into Study 1 (pooled analysis of 12- and 24-week placebo-controlled, monotherapy studies) and Study 2 (52-week monotherapy/combination therapy study). The canagliflozin 100 mg group data were compared with placebo or baseline ALT subgroup (baseline ALT >30 or ≤30 U/L) data. The primary endpoint was change in ALT level from baseline. Secondary endpoints were changes in efficacy-related parameters. Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. RESULTS The mean ALT change at 12 weeks was -10.3 ± 11.7 and -3.2 ± 17.6 U/L in the canagliflozin vs. placebo group in the high ALT subgroup (P = 0.0206); no significant difference was shown in the low ALT subgroup (Study 1). In both ALT subgroups, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body weight were significantly reduced in the canagliflozin vs. placebo group (all P < 0.0001). The mean change in ALT at 52 weeks was -16.0 ± 18.8 U/L in the high ALT subgroup (P < 0.0001, Study 2). The incidence of AEs or serious AEs in the high ALT subgroup in the canagliflozin group was similar to that in the placebo group (Study 1) or low ALT subgroup (Studies 1 and 2). CONCLUSIONS In T2DM patients with impaired liver function, canagliflozin may improve liver function, reduce HbA1c and body weight, and be well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Seko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Scartabelli G, Querci G, Marconi L, Ceccarini G, Piaggi P, Fierabracci P, Salvetti G, Cizza G, Mazzeo S, Vitti J, Berger S, Palla A, Santini F. Liver Enlargement Predicts Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome in Morbidly Obese Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:293. [PMID: 29928260 PMCID: PMC5998798 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is frequently present in patients with severe obesity, but its prevalence especially in women is not well defined. OSAHS and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are common conditions, frequently associated in patients with central obesity and metabolic syndrome and are both the result of the accumulation of ectopic fat mass. Identifying predictors of risk of OSAHS may be useful to select the subjects requiring instrumental sleep evaluation. In this cross-sectional study, we have investigated the potential role of hepatic left lobe volume (HLLV) in predicting the presence of OSAHS. OSAHS was quantified by the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index in a cardiorespiratory inpatient sleep study of 97 obese women [age: 47 ± 11 years body mass index (BMI): 50 ± 8 kg/m2]. OSAHS was diagnosed when AHI was ≥5. HLLV, subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat were measured by ultrasound. After adjustment for age and BMI, both HLLV and neck circumference (NC) were independent predictors of AHI. OSAHS was found in 72% of patients; HLLV ≥ 370 cm3 was a predictor of OSAHS with a sensitivity of 66%, a specificity of 70%, a positive and negative predictive values of 85 and 44%, respectively (AUC = 0.67, p < 0.005). A multivariate logistic model was used including age, BMI, NC, and HLLV (the only independent predictors of AHI in a multiple linear regression analyses), and a cut off value for the predicted probability of OSAHS equal to 0.7 provided the best diagnostic results (AUC = 0.79, p < 0.005) in terms of sensitivity (76%), specificity (89%), negative and positive predictive values (59 and 95%, respectively). All patients with severe OSAHS were identified by this prediction model. In conclusion, HLLV, an established index of visceral adiposity, represents an anthropometric parameter closely associated with OSAHS in severely obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgia Querci
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Paola Fierabracci
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Salvetti
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cizza
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Salvatore Mazzeo
- Department of Radiology, University of Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vitti
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Slava Berger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Antonio Palla
- Pulmonary Unit, University of Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ferruccio Santini,
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Miyauchi S, Miyake T, Miyazaki M, Eguchi T, Niiya T, Yamamoto S, Senba H, Furukawa S, Matsuura B, Hiasa Y. Free testosterone concentration is inversely associated with markers of liver fibrosis in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr J 2017; 64:1137-1142. [PMID: 28890481 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between serum testosterone level and liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is unclear. To clarify this association, we investigated the relationship between serum free testosterone concentration and markers of liver fibrosis in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus but no obvious features of alcohol consumption. This retrospective observational cross-sectional study enrolled 248 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The FIB-4 index was measured as a marker of liver fibrosis, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine its association with serum free testosterone concentration. In addition, the 7S domain of type IV collagen (IV-7S) was examined in 140 of the 248 patients. The mean free testosterone concentration was 10.6 ± 6.8 pg/mL and the means of the FIB-4 index and IV-7S were 1.64 ± 1.19 and 4.02 ± 1.11 ng/mL, respectively. After adjusting for all relevant variables, serum free testosterone concentrations were inversely associated with both the FIB-4 index and IV-7S (β; -0.28, P < 0.0001, and β; -0.28, P = 0.002, respectively). Measuring serum free testosterone concentrations in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus may help to predict progression to advanced liver disease. Identifying patients at risk may help to prevent the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Miyauchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uwajima City Hospital, Uwajima, Japan
| | - Teruki Miyake
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Masumi Miyazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uwajima City Hospital, Uwajima, Japan
| | - Toru Eguchi
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shimonoseki City Hospital, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Niiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Matsuyama Shimin Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Shin Yamamoto
- Department of Lifestyle-related Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Hidenori Senba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Shinya Furukawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Bunzo Matsuura
- Department of Lifestyle-related Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
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Watanabe S, Kumazaki S, Kusunoki K, Inoue T, Maeda Y, Usui S, Shinohata R, Ohtsuki T, Hirohata S, Kusachi S, Kitamori K, Mori M, Yamori Y, Oka H. A High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet Induces Cardiac Fibrosis, Vascular Endothelial, and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in SHRSP5/Dmcr Rats. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 25:439-453. [PMID: 29162773 PMCID: PMC5945557 DOI: 10.5551/jat.40956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) increases cardiovascular risk regardless of risk factors in metabolic syndrome. However, the intermediary factors between NASH and vascular disease are still unknown because a suitable animal model has never been established. The stroke-prone (SP) spontaneously hypertensive rat, SHRSP5/Dmcr, simultaneously develops hypertension, acute arterial lipid deposits in mesenteric arteries, and NASH when feed with a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet. We investigated whether SHRSP5/Dmcr affected with NASH aggravates the cardiac or vascular dysfunction. METHOD Wister Kyoto and SHRSP5/Dmcr rats were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each, and fed with a SP or HFC diet. After 8 weeks of HFC or SP diet feeding, glucose and insulin resistance, echocardiography, blood biochemistry, histopathological staining, and endothelial function in aorta were evaluated. RESULTS We demonstrate that SHRSP5/Dmcr rats fed with a HFC diet presented with cardiac and vascular dysfunction caused by cardiac fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, in association with NASH and hypertension. These cardiac and vascular dysfunctions were aggravated and not associated with the presence of hypertension, glucose metabolism disorder, and/or obesity. CONCLUSIONS SHRSP5/Dmcr rats may be a suitable animal model for elucidating the organ interaction between NASH and cardiac or vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Watanabe
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Shota Kumazaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Katsuhiro Kusunoki
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Terumi Inoue
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Yui Maeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Shinichi Usui
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Ryoko Shinohata
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Takashi Ohtsuki
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Satoshi Hirohata
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Shozo Kusachi
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Kazuya Kitamori
- College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University
| | - Mari Mori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Yukio Yamori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Hisao Oka
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University
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Lee PC, Yang LY, Wang YW, Huang SF, Lee KC, Hsieh YC, Yang YY, Hsieh SL, Hou MC, Lin HC, Lee FY, Lee SD. Mechanisms of the prevention and inhibition of the progression and development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by genetic and pharmacological decoy receptor 3 supplementation. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:1260-1271. [PMID: 28066964 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is difficult due to the absence of a proven treatment and its comprehensive mechanisms. In the NASH animal model, upregulated hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress, with the resultant M1 polarization of macrophages as well as imbalanced adipocytokines, all accelerate NASH progression. As a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) not only neutralizes the death ligands, but also performs immune modulations. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible non-decoy effects of DcR3 on diet-induced NASH mice. METHODS Methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet feeding for 9 weeks was applied to induce NASH in BALB/c mice. Decoy receptor 3 heterozygous transgenesis or pharmacological pretreatment with DcR3a for 1 month were designed as interventions. Intrahepatic inflammatory status as well as macrophage polarization, oxidative stress, and steatosis as well as lipogenic gene expression and fibrotic status were analyzed. Additionally, acute effects of DcR3a on HepG2 cells, Hep3B cells, and primary mouse hepatocytes in various MCD medium-stimulated changes were also evaluated. RESULTS Both DcR3 genetic and pharmacologic supplement significantly reduced MCD diet-induced hepatic M1 polarization. In addition, DcR3 supplement attenuated MCD diet-increased hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, adipocytokine imbalance, steatosis, and fibrogenesis. Moreover, acute DcR3a incubation in HepG2 cells, Hep3B cells, and mouse hepatocytes could normalize the expression of genes related to lipid oxidation along with inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The ability of DcR3 to attenuate hepatic steatosis and inflammation through its non-decoy effects of immune modulation and oxidative stress attenuation makes it a potential treatment for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chang Lee
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Yuanshan Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Yang
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wen Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Fen Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Infection, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Cheng Hsieh
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Yuah Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zarkovic K, Jakovcevic A, Zarkovic N. Contribution of the HNE-immunohistochemistry to modern pathological concepts of major human diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:110-126. [PMID: 27993730 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Excessive production of reactive oxygen species can induce peroxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids thus generating reactive aldehydes like 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), denoted as "the second messenger of free radicals". Because HNE has high binding affinity for cysteine, histidine and lysine it forms relatively stable and hardly metabolized protein adducts. By changing structure and function of diverse structural and regulatory proteins, HNE achieves not only cytotoxic, but also regulatory functions in various pathophysiological processes. Numerous animal model studies and clinical trials confirmed HNE as one of the crucial factors in development and progression of many disorders, in particular of cancer, (neuro)degenerative, metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Since HNE has multiple biological effects and is in the living system usually bound to proteins and peptides, many research groups work on development of specific immunochemical methods targeting the HNE-histidine adducts as major bioactive marker of lipid peroxidation, following the research pathway initiated by Hermann Esterbauer, who discovered HNE in 60's. Such immunohistochemical studies did not only prove the high biomedical importance of HNE, but have also given new insights into major diseases of the modern man. Immunohistochemical studies have shown reversibility of formation of the HNE-protein adducts, as well as differential onset of the HNE-mediated lipid peroxidation between age- associated atherosclerosis and photoaging, revealing eventually selective anti-cancer effects of HNE produced by non-malignant cells in vicinity of cancer. This review summarizes some of the HNE-histidine immunohistochemistry findings we believe are of broad biomedical interest and could inspire new studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelija Zarkovic
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Antonia Jakovcevic
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Zagreb, Croatia
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Paris T, George ES, Roberts SK, Tierney AC. The effects of diet and lifestyle interventions on insulin resistance in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 29:867-878. [PMID: 28471823 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) results from excessive fat accumulation in the liver in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption. Insulin resistance (IR) is proposed to be an underlying pathogenic factor in the development and progression of disease. There are currently no proven pharmacotherapies and weight loss is the only prescribed treatment despite a lack of evidence to support a specific diet or lifestyle therapy. The aim of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of dietary lifestyle interventions on IR measured by Homeostasis model assessment in patients with NAFLD. A systematic electronic search of Medline, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL and PubMed databases (1999-2015) was performed by two independent reviewers. Randomized control trials evaluating the efficacy of diet and lifestyle interventions on IR in adults diagnosed with NAFLD were included. A total of 6441 articles were identified; eight randomized control trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Three studies involved dietary interventions and five incorporated diet and exercise. The majority of intervention groups resulted in significant reductions in IR, with no significant changes observed in the control groups. Lifestyle interventions compared with controls reduced IR measured by homeostasis model assessment. All diet and diet and lifestyle intervention trials were efficient in reducing IR in participants with NAFLD. A lack of literature and variation across interventions warrants the need for extensive research to establish firm dietary lifestyle recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya Paris
- aDepartment of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sports, La Trobe University bDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics cDepartment of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kim JH, Suk S, Jang WJ, Lee CH, Kim JE, Park JK, Kweon MH, Kim JH, Lee KW. Salicornia
Extract Ameliorates Salt-Induced Aggravation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Food Sci 2017; 82:1765-1774. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hwan Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology; Seoul Natl. Univ.; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Research Inst. of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Seoul Natl. Univ.; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Suk
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology; Seoul Natl. Univ.; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Center for Food Safety and Toxicology; Seoul Natl. Univ.; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung Jang
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology; Seoul Natl. Univ.; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyung Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology; Seoul Natl. Univ.; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- Advanced Inst. of Convergence Technology; Seoul Natl. Univ.; Suwon 16229 Republic of Korea
- Research Inst. of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science; Dongguk Univ. Seoul; Goyang 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Kyungpook Natl. Univ.; Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jong Hun Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology; Seoul Natl. Univ.; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Research Inst. of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Seoul Natl. Univ.; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology; Seoul Natl. Univ.; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Advanced Inst. of Convergence Technology; Seoul Natl. Univ.; Suwon 16229 Republic of Korea
- Research Center; Phyto Corp.; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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Alchera E, Rolla S, Imarisio C, Bardina V, Valente G, Novelli F, Carini R. Adenosine A2a receptor stimulation blocks development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by multilevel inhibition of signals that cause immunolipotoxicity. Transl Res 2017; 182:75-87. [PMID: 28011152 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity and immunoinflammation are associated with the evolution of steatosis toward nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study reports the ability of adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) activation to inhibit NASH development by modulating the responses of CD4+ T-helper (Th) cells to avoid an immuno-mediated potentiation of lipotoxicity. The effect of the A2aR agonist CGS21680 on immunoinflammatory signals, CD4+Th cell infiltration and immunolipotoxicity was analyzed in steatotic C57BL/6 mice fed with a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet and in mouse hepatocytes exposed to palmitic acid (PA). CGS21680 inhibited NASH development in steatotic mice and decreased cytokines and chemokines involved in Th cell recruitment or polarization (namely CXCL10, CCL2, tumor necrosis factor alfa [TNFα], tumor growth factor [TGFβ], and IL-12). CGS21680 also reduced the expansion of Th17, Th22, and Th1 cells and increased the immunosuppressive activity of T regulatory cells. In PA-treated mice hepatocytes, CGS21680 inhibited the production of CXCL10, TNFα, TGFβ, IL-12, and CCL2; CGS21680 also prevented JNK-dependent lipotoxicity and its intensification by IL-17 or IL-17 plus IL-22 through Akt/PI3-kinase stimulation and inhibition of the negative regulator of PI3-kinase, (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN), which is upregulated by IL-17. In MCD livers, CGS21680 reduced JNK activation and PTEN expression and increased Akt phosphorylation. In conclusion, A2aR stimulation inhibited NASH development by reducing Th17 cell expansion and inhibiting the exacerbation of the IL-17-induced JNK-dependent lipotoxicity. These data promote the implementation of further studies to evaluate the potential clinical application of A2aR agonists that, by being able to function as both cytoprotective and immunomodulatory agents, could efficiently antagonize the multi-faced pathogenesis of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Alchera
- Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Simona Rolla
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Chiara Imarisio
- Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Bardina
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Guido Valente
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Immunogenetics and Transplantation Biology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Rita Carini
- Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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Kon K, Ikejima K, Morinaga M, Kusama H, Arai K, Aoyama T, Uchiyama A, Yamashina S, Watanabe S. L-carnitine prevents metabolic steatohepatitis in obese diabetic KK-A y mice. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:E44-E54. [PMID: 27062266 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Pharmacological treatment for metabolic syndrome-related non-alcoholic steatohepatitis has not been established. We investigated the effect of L-carnitine, an essential substance for β-oxidation, on metabolic steatohepatitis in mice. METHODS Male KK-Ay mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, with supplementation of L-carnitine (1.25 mg/mL) in drinking water for the latter 4 weeks. RESULTS Serum total carnitine levels were decreased following HFD feeding, whereas the levels were reversed almost completely by L-carnitine supplementation. In mice given L-carnitine, exacerbation of hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte apoptosis was markedly prevented even though HFD feeding was continued. Body weight gain, as well as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia, following HFD feeding were also significantly prevented in mice given L-carnitine. High-fat diet feeding elevated hepatic expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A mRNA; however, production of β-hydroxybutyrate in the liver was not affected by HFD alone. In contrast, L-carnitine treatment significantly increased hepatic β-hydroxybutyrate contents in HFD-fed mice. L-carnitine also blunted HFD induction in sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c mRNA in the liver. Furthermore, L-carnitine inhibited HFD-induced serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 in the liver. L-carnitine decreased hepatic free fatty acid content in 1 week, with morphological improvement of swollen mitochondria in hepatocytes, and increases in hepatic adenosine 5'-triphosphate content. CONCLUSIONS L-carnitine ameliorates steatohepatitis in KK-Ay mice fed an HFD, most likely through facilitating mitochondrial β-oxidation, normalizing insulin signals, and inhibiting de novo lipogenesis in the liver. It is therefore postulated that supplementation of L-carnitine is a promising approach for prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome-related non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Kon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ikejima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Morinaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kusama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Aoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Uchiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunhei Yamashina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Kakehashi A, Stefanov VE, Ishii N, Okuno T, Fujii H, Kawai K, Kawada N, Wanibuchi H. Proteome Characteristics of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Liver Tissue and Associated Hepatocellular Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020434. [PMID: 28218651 PMCID: PMC5343968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To uncover mechanisms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) associated hepatocarcinogenesis, we compared the proteomes of human NASH-associated liver biopsies, resected hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and HCCs of HCV⁺ patients with normal liver tissue of patients with gastrointestinal tumor metastasis, in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples obtained after surgery in our hospital during the period from 2006 to 2011. In addition, proteome analysis of liver tumors in male STAM NASH-model mice was performed. Similar changes in the proteome spectrum such as overexpression of enzymes involved in lipid, cholesterol and bile acid biosynthesis and examples associated with suppression of fatty acid oxidation and catabolism, alcohol metabolism, mitochondrial function as well as low expression levels of cytokeratins 8 and 18 were observed in both human NASH biopsies and NASH HCCs, but not HCV⁺ HCCs. Alterations in downstream protein expression pointed to significant activation of transforming growth factor β, SMAD family member 3, β-catenin, Nrf2, SREBP-LXRα and nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 (NRIP1), and inhibition of PPARs and p53 in human NASH biopsies and/or HCCs, suggesting their involvement in accumulation of lipids, development of fibrosis, oxidative stress, cell proliferation and suppression of apoptosis in NASH hepatocarcinogenesis. In STAM mice, PPARs inhibition was not obvious, while expression of cytokeratins 8 and 18 was elevated, indicative of essential differences between human and mouse NASH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kakehashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Vasily E Stefanov
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Naomi Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Okuno
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Hepatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Kawai
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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