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Taheri M, Tehrani HA, Daliri F, Alibolandi M, Soleimani M, Shoari A, Arefian E, Ramezani M. Bioengineering strategies to enhance the interleukin-18 bioactivity in the modern toolbox of cancer immunotherapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 75:65-80. [PMID: 37813764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are the first modern immunotherapeutic agents used for activation immunotherapy. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has emerged as a potent anticancer immunostimulatory cytokine over the past three decades. IL-18, structurally is a stable protein with very low toxicity at biological doses. IL-18 promotes the process of antigen presentation and also enhances innate and acquired immune responses. It can induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and increase tumor infiltration of effector immune cells to revert the immunosuppressive milieu of tumors. Furthermore, IL-18 can reduce tumorigenesis, suppress tumor angiogenesis, and induce tumor cell apoptosis. These characteristics present IL-18 as a promising option for cancer immunotherapy. Although several preclinical studies have reported the immunotherapeutic potential of IL-18, clinical trials using it as a monotherapy agent have reported disappointing results. These results may be due to some biological characteristics of IL-18. Several bioengineering approaches have been successfully used to correct its defects as a bioadjuvant. Currently, the challenge with this anticancer immunotherapeutic agent is mainly how to use its capabilities in a rational combinatorial therapy for clinical applications. The present study discussed the strengths and weaknesses of IL-18 as an immunotherapeutic agent, followed by comprehensive review of various promising bioengineering approaches that have been used to overcome its disadvantages. Finally, this study highlights the promising application of IL-18 in modern combinatorial therapies, such as chemotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade therapy, cell-based immunotherapy and cancer vaccines to guide future studies, circumventing the barriers to administration of IL-18 for clinical applications, and bring it to fruition as a potent immunotherapy agent in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Taheri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Abdul Tehrani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
| | - Alireza Shoari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Saetang J, Roongsawang N, Sangkhathat S, Voravuthikunchai SP, Sangkaew N, Prompat N, Srichana T, Tipmanee V. Surface cysteine to serine substitutions in IL-18 reduce aggregation and enhance activity. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13626. [PMID: 35811828 PMCID: PMC9266699 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is prone to form multimers resulting in inactive aggregates, making this cytokine unstable for clinical use. Therefore, mutations have been introduced into recombinant IL-18 to overcome this issue. Methods To prevent the formation of disulfide bonds between the IL-18 molecules, multiple mutations targeting surface cysteines (C38, C68, C76, and C127) were introduced into our previously modified human IL-18 double mutant E6K+T63A (IL-18 DM) by direct gene synthesis. The open reading frames of IL-18 wild-type (WT), IL-18 DM, and IL-18 multiple mutant E6K+T63A+C38S+C68S+C76S+C127S (IL-18 DM1234) were inserted in the pET28a expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli Rosetta2 (DE3) pLysS cells for protein production. The inclusion bodies of WT and mutated IL-18 were extracted by sonication and refolded by stepwise dialysis using 8 M urea as the starting concentration. The refolded IL-18 proteins were tested for aggregation using the ProteoStat protein aggregation assay. Their activity was also investigated by treating NK-92MI cells with each IL-18 at concentrations of 75, 150, and 300 ng/ml with 0.5 ng/ml of human IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels in the supernatant were evaluated using ELISA. The structure of modified IL-18 was visualized using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Results IL-18 DM1234 exhibited the lowest aggregation signal, approximately 1.79- and 1.63-fold less than that of the WT and IL-18 DM proteins. Additionally, the IFN-γ inducing activity of IL-18 DM1234 was about 10 and 2.8 times higher than that of the WT and IL-18 DM, respectively. MD simulations revealed that binding site I of IL-18 DM1234 was altered mainly due to surface cysteine replacement with serine (C-to-S substitution). This is the first report showing that C-to-S substitutions in IL-18 improved its activity and stability, suggesting the use of this modified IL-18 for medical purposes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirakrit Saetang
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand,EZ-Mol-Design Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Niran Roongsawang
- Microbial Cell Factory Research Team, Biorefinery and Bioproduct Technology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand,Translational Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Natnaree Sangkaew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Napat Prompat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Varomyalin Tipmanee
- EZ-Mol-Design Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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3
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Structural basis of human IL-18 sequestration by the decoy receptor IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) in inflammation and tumor immunity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101908. [PMID: 35398099 PMCID: PMC9111989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an omnipresent proinflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 family with central roles in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and serves as a staple biomarker in the evaluation of inflammation in physiology and disease, including the inflammatory phase of COVID-19. The sequestration of IL-18 by its soluble decoy receptor IL-18-Binding Protein (IL-18BP) is critical to the regulation of IL-18 activity. Since an imbalance in expression and circulating levels of IL-18 is associated with disease, structural insights into how IL-18BP outcompetes binding of IL-18 by its cognate cell-surface receptors are highly desirable; however, the structure of human IL-18BP in complex with IL-18 has been elusive. Here, we elucidate the sequestration mechanism of human IL-18 mediated by IL-18BP based on the crystal structure of the IL-18:IL-18BP complex. These detailed structural snapshots reveal the interaction landscape leading to the ultra-high affinity of IL-18BP toward IL-18 and identify substantial differences with respect to previously characterized complexes of IL-18 with IL-18BP of viral origin. Furthermore, our structure captured a fortuitous higher-order assembly between IL-18 and IL-18BP coordinated by a disulfide-bond distal to the binding surface connecting IL-18 and IL-18BP molecules from different complexes, resulting in a novel tetramer with 2:2 stoichiometry. This tetrapartite assembly was found to restrain IL-18 activity more effectively than the canonical 1:1 complex. Collectively, our findings provide a framework for innovative, structure-driven therapeutic strategies and further functional interrogation of IL-18 in physiology and disease.
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Ponasenko AV, Tsepokina AV, Khutornaya MV, Sinitsky MY, Barbarash OL. IL18-family Genes Polymorphism Is Associated with the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and IL18 Concentration in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:802-816. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1876085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Ponasenko
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Anna V. Tsepokina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V. Khutornaya
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Yu. Sinitsky
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Olga L. Barbarash
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
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IL-18BP is a secreted immune checkpoint and barrier to IL-18 immunotherapy. Nature 2020; 583:609-614. [PMID: 32581358 PMCID: PMC7381364 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines were the first modern immunotherapies to produce durable
responses in advanced cancer, but their application has been hampered by modest
efficacy and limited tolerability1,2. In an effort to
identify alternative cytokine pathways for immunotherapy, we found that
components of the Interleukin-18 (IL-18) pathway are upregulated on tumor
infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), suggesting that IL-18 therapy could enhance
anti-tumor immunity. However, recombinant IL-18 previously failed to demonstrate
efficacy in clinical trials3.
Here we show that IL-18BP, a high-affinity IL-18 decoy receptor, is frequently
upregulated in diverse human and murine tumors and limits the anti-tumor
activity of IL-18 in mice. Using directed evolution, we engineered a
‘decoy-resistant’ IL-18 (DR-18), which maintains signaling
potential, but is impervious to inhibition by IL-18BP. In contrast to wild-type
IL-18, DR-18 exhibits potent anti-tumor efficacy in mouse tumor models by
promoting the development of poly-functional effector CD8+ T cells,
decreasing the prevalence of exhausted CD8+ T cells expressing TOX,
and expanding the pool of stem-like TCF1+ precursor CD8+ T
cells. DR-18 also enhances NK cell activity and maturation to effectively treat
anti-PD-1 resistant tumors that have lost MHC class I surface expression. These
results highlight the potential of the IL-18 pathway for immunotherapeutic
intervention and implicate IL-18BP as a major therapeutic barrier.
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6
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Yadav BS, Chaturvedi N, Yadav PK, Marina N, Ganash M, Barreto GE, Ashraf GM, Ahmad K, Baig MH. Protein modeling, molecular network and molecular dynamics study of newly sequenced interleukin-18 (IL-18) gene in Mus musculus. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14285-14295. [PMID: 30624775 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) belongs to the superfamily of IL-1 protein and exerts a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory effect on the body. Generally, this protein is significantly involved in immune defense during infection in cells, but sometimes its anomalous activities produce some inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. In the present study, the IL-18 gene was isolated from mice and was subsequently cloned and sequenced. Further, the network analysis was carried out to explore the functional role of IL-18 protein in animals. The 3D protein structure of the IL-18 protein was generated and docked with appropriate 3-([3-cholamidopropyl]dimethylammonio)-1-propanesulfonate (CPS) ligand. Later the complex structure of the protein was subjected to molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) for 50 ns to determine the effect of ligand on protein. The network analysis explored the correlation of IL-18 protein with others proteins and their involvement in the different significant pathway to defend the cell from various diseases. As confirmed by MDS, the CPS:IL-18 complex was found to be highly stable. Our results further indicated that CPS ligand has the potential to act as a drug molecule, in future, for counteracting IL-18 activity. To date, no structural details were available for animal IL-18. Hence, the finding of this study will be useful in broadening the horizon towards a better understanding of the functional and structural aspects of IL-18 in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh S Yadav
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Information Science and Technology, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Navaneet Chaturvedi
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pavan K Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ninoslav Marina
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Information Science and Technology, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Magdah Ganash
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá DC, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Mohammad H Baig
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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7
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Feizollahzadeh S, Khanahmad H, Rahimmanesh I, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, Andalib A, Sanei MH, Rezaei A. Expression of biologically active murine interleukin-18 inLactococcus lactis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw234. [PMID: 27864297 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Feizollahzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Andalib
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sanei
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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8
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Kwak A, Lee Y, Kim H, Kim S. Intracellular interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokine processing enzyme. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1556-1564. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Saetang J, Puseenam A, Roongsawang N, Voravuthikunchai SP, Sangkhathat S, Tipmanee V. Immunologic Function and Molecular Insight of Recombinant Interleukin-18. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160321. [PMID: 27483370 PMCID: PMC4970725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cytokine-mediated therapy has emerged as further advance alternative in cancer therapy. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has exhibited interesting anti-cancer properties especially when combined with IL-12. We engineered IL-18 in order to improve its activity using single point mutagenesis. IL-18 mutants were constructed according to binding residues and polarity which we tried to increase polarity in M33Q and M60Q, enhanced cationicity in E6K, and flexibility in T63A. All IL-18 proteins were expressed in Pichia pastoris, purified, and then measured the activity by treating with the NK-92MI cell line to evaluate interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulation. The E6K and T63A mutant forms showed higher activity with respect to native proteins at the concentration of 200 ng mL-1 by inducing the expression of IFN-γ, about factors of 9 and 4, respectively. Meanwhile, M33Q and M60Q had no significant activity to induce IFN-γ. Interestingly, the combination of E6K and T63A mutations could synergize the induction activity of IL-18 to be 16 times at 200 ng mL-1. Furthermore, molecular dynamics studies have elucidated the effect due to mutation on conformation of the binding site of IL-18. The results turn out that E6K provides structural perseverance against mutation, while M33Q and M60Q promote vivid overall change in protein conformation, especially at the binding site. For T63A, mutation yields small difference in structure but clearly increases structural flexibility. However, a small structural change was observed when T63A was combined with E6K. Our research resulted in a novel version of IL-18 which could be a new key candidate for cytokine-mediated therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cloning, Molecular
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-18/chemistry
- Interleukin-18/genetics
- Interleukin-18/immunology
- Interleukin-18/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Kinetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Weight
- Pichia/genetics
- Pichia/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Engineering
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Receptors, Interleukin-18/chemistry
- Receptors, Interleukin-18/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-18/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Sequence Alignment
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Substrate Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirakrit Saetang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
- Graduate School, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Aekkachai Puseenam
- Microbial Cell Factory Laboratory, Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Niran Roongsawang
- Microbial Cell Factory Laboratory, Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Department of Microbiology and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Varomyalin Tipmanee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Lee S, Kim E, Jhun H, Hong J, Kwak A, Jo S, Bae S, Lee J, Kim B, Lee J, Youn S, Kim S, Kim M, Kim H, Lee Y, Choi DK, Kim YS, Kim S. Proinsulin Shares a Motif with Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and Induces Inflammatory Cytokine via Interleukin-1 Receptor 1. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14620-7. [PMID: 27226621 PMCID: PMC4938183 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.731026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been established that diabetes increases susceptibility to infections, the role of insulin (INS) in the immune response is unknown. Here, we investigated the immunological function of INS. Proinsulin dimer (pINSd) was a potent immune stimulus that induced inflammatory cytokines, but mature INS was unable to induce an immune response. An affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against mature IL-1α recognized IL-1α and pINS but failed to detect mature INS and IL-1β. Analysis of the pINS sequence revealed the existence of an INS/IL-1α motif in the C-peptide of pINS. Surprisingly, the INS/IL-1α motif was recognized by monoclonal antibody raised against IL-1α. Deleting the INS/IL-1α motif in pINSd and IL-1α changed their activities. To investigate the pINSd receptor, the reconstitution of IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) in Wish cells restored pINSd activity that was reversed by an IL-1R antagonist. These data suggested that pINSd needs IL-1R1 for inflammatory cytokine induction. Mouse embryo fibroblast cells of IL-1R1-deficient mice further confirmed that pINSd promotes immune responses through IL-1R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyoung Lee
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and
| | - Eunsom Kim
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and
| | - Hyunjhung Jhun
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jaewoo Hong
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Areum Kwak
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seunghyun Jo
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Suyoung Bae
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and
| | - Jongho Lee
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and
| | - Busun Kim
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and
| | - Jungmin Lee
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and
| | - Sulah Youn
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and
| | - Somi Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of internal medicine, Jeju National University, 63243 Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Korea
| | - Miyeon Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of internal medicine, Jeju National University, 63243 Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of internal medicine, Jeju National University, 63243 Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Korea
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Department of Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Collage of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea, and
| | - Dong-Ki Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- From the Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea,
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11
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Lunding L, Schröder A, Wegmann M. Allergic airway inflammation: unravelling the relationship between IL-37, IL-18Rα and Tir8/SIGIRR. Expert Rev Respir Med 2015; 9:739-50. [PMID: 26561030 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2015.1109452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of allergic bronchial asthma arise from chronic airway inflammation. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms regulating the maintenance of this chronic inflammatory response is key to understanding asthma pathogenesis. To date, it is not clear whether a predominance of proinflammatory factors or a reduced capacity of counterbalancing anti-inflammatory mediators is the pivotal factor predisposing individuals towards asthma development. The IL-1 cytokine family and its receptor systems comprise a variety of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and IL-18 and anti-inflammatory molecules such as the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor 8/single Ig IL-1 receptor (IL-R)-related molecule (Tir8/SIGIRR) and the recently established cytokine IL-37. This article reviews the functions of these IL-1 cytokine family members in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation and asthma as they have been assessed clinically, in vitro and in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lunding
- a Division of Asthma Mouse Models, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North , Member of the German Center for Lung Research , Borstel , Germany
| | - Alexandra Schröder
- a Division of Asthma Mouse Models, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North , Member of the German Center for Lung Research , Borstel , Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- a Division of Asthma Mouse Models, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North , Member of the German Center for Lung Research , Borstel , Germany
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12
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Tsutsumi N, Kimura T, Arita K, Ariyoshi M, Ohnishi H, Yamamoto T, Zuo X, Maenaka K, Park EY, Kondo N, Shirakawa M, Tochio H, Kato Z. The structural basis for receptor recognition of human interleukin-18. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5340. [PMID: 25500532 PMCID: PMC4275594 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 family and plays an important role in inflammation. The uncontrolled release of this cytokine is associated with severe chronic inflammatory disease. IL-18 forms a signalling complex with the IL-18 receptor α (Rα) and β (Rβ) chains at the plasma membrane, which induces multiple inflammatory cytokines. Here, we present a crystal structure of human IL-18 bound to the two receptor extracellular domains. Generally, the receptors' recognition mode for IL-18 is similar to IL-1β; however, certain notable differences were observed. The architecture of the IL-18 receptor second domain (D2) is unique among the other IL-1R family members, which presumably distinguishes them from the IL-1 receptors that exhibit a more promiscuous ligand recognition mode. The structures and associated biochemical and cellular data should aid in developing novel drugs to neutralize IL-18 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kyohei Arita
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mariko Ariyoshi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science and Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, , Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ki, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Enoch Y. Park
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate school of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Naomi Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Heisei College of Health Sciences, 180 Kurono, Gifu 501-1131, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Core Research of Evolution Science (CREST), Japan Sciences and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Hidehito Tochio
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Zenichiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Biomedical Informatics, Medical Information Sciences Division, The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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13
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Hong K, Oh K, Lee S, Hong J, Choi J, Kwak A, Kang D, Kim E, Jo S, Jhun H, Kim S. Recombinant Fc-IL-18BPc Isoform Inhibits IL-18-Induced Cytokine Production. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2012; 31:99-104. [DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2011.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwangwon Hong
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwangjun Oh
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewoo Hong
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jida Choi
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Areum Kwak
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongjun Kang
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunsom Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunghyun Jo
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjhung Jhun
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Ghose P, Ali AQ, Fang R, Forbes D, Ballard B, Ismail N. The interaction between IL-18 and IL-18 receptor limits the magnitude of protective immunity and enhances pathogenic responses following infection with intracellular bacteria. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:1333-46. [PMID: 21715688 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The binding of IL-18 to IL-18Rα induces both proinflammatory and protective functions during infection, depending on the context in which it occurs. IL-18 is highly expressed in the liver of wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice following lethal infection with highly virulent Ixodes ovatus ehrlichia (IOE), an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes acute fatal toxic shock-like syndrome. In this study, we found that IOE infection of IL-18Rα(-/-) mice resulted in significantly less host cell apoptosis, decreased hepatic leukocyte recruitment, enhanced bacterial clearance, and prolonged survival compared with infected WT mice, suggesting a pathogenic role for IL-18/IL-18Rα in Ehrlichia-induced toxic shock. Although lack of IL-18R decreased the magnitude of IFN-γ producing type-1 immune response, enhanced resistance of IL-18Rα(-/-) mice against Ehrlichia correlated with increased proinflammatory cytokines at sites of infection, decreased systemic IL-10 production, increased frequency of protective NKT cells producing TNF-α and IFN-γ, and decreased frequency of pathogenic TNF-α-producing CD8(+) T cells. Adoptive transfer of immune WT CD8(+) T cells increased bacterial burden in IL-18Rα(-/-) mice following IOE infection. Furthermore, rIL-18 treatment of WT mice infected with mildly virulent Ehrlichia muris impaired bacterial clearance and enhanced liver injury. Finally, lack of IL-18R signal reduced dendritic cell maturation and their TNF-α production, suggesting that IL-18 might promote the adaptive pathogenic immune responses against Ehrlichia by influencing T cell priming functions of dendritic cells. Together, these results suggested that the presence or absence of IL-18R signals governs the pathogenic versus protective immunity in a model of Ehrlichia-induced immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Ghose
- Department of Pathology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37028, USA
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15
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Lee S, Kim S, Bae S, Choi J, Hong J, Ryoo S, Jhun H, Hong K, Kim E, Jo S, Her E, Kim S. Development of isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies against human IL-18 binding protein. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2010; 29:517-24. [PMID: 21087098 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2010.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a soluble antagonist of IL-18 originally discovered while attempting to isolate a soluble receptor by using IL-18-ligand affinity column. IL-18BP has four isoforms (a, b, c, and d) in humans and two isoforms (c and d) in mice. The human isoforms IL-18BPa and IL-18BPc neutralize IL-18 activity sufficiently at an equimolar ratio; however IL-18BPb and IL-18BPd isoforms lack a complete Ig domain at C-terminus and lose the ability to neutralize IL-18 activity. Mouse IL-18BPc and IL-18BPd isoforms, possessing a similar complete Ig domain, also neutralize the biological activity of mouse IL-18 at an equimolar ratio. Here we expressed recombinant proteins of the active human IL-18BP isoforms and developed monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against human IL-18BP a and c isoforms. We obtained two MAbs (78-4 and 38-3) of human IL-18BPa and two MAbs (18-7 and 29-6) of human IL-18BPc. The MAb clones 18-7 and 29-6 specifically recognized recombinant IL-18BPc in Western blot analyses and ELISA, whereas the MAb clone 78-4 recognized both isoforms in Western blot analyses, but only human IL-18BPa isoform in ELISA. We developed a sandwich ELISA by using the monoclonal antibody specific to human IL-18BPa isoform. The isoform-specific anti-human IL-18BP MAb may be a useful tool in categorizing a distinct group of patients from various autoimmune diseases related to IL-18BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyoung Lee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju City, Chungbuk, Korea
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16
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Jaekal J, Jhun H, Hong J, Park S, Lee J, Yoon D, Lee S, Her E, Yang Y, Rho G, Kim S. Cloning and characterization of bovine interleukin-32 beta isoform. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 137:166-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Silliman CC, Kelher MR, Gamboni-Robertson F, Hamiel C, England KM, Dinarello CA, Wyman TH, Khan SY, McLaughlin NJD, Bercovitz RS, Banerjee A. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha causes release of cytosolic interleukin-18 from human neutrophils. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 298:C714-24. [PMID: 19907017 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00011.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils (PMNs) are a vital part of host defense and are the principal leukocyte in innate immunity. Interleukin (IL)-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine with roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. We hypothesize that PMNs contain preformed IL-18, which is released in response to specific inflammatory stimuli. Isolated PMNs were stimulated with a battery of chemoattractants (5 min to 24 h), and IL-18 release was measured. PMNs were also separated into subcellular fractions and immunoblotted with antibodies against IL-18 or were fixed and probed with antibodies to IL-18 as well as to the contents of granules, intracellular organelles, and filamentous actin (F-actin), incubated with fluorescent secondary antibodies, and examined by digital microscopy. Quiescent PMNs contained IL-18 in the cytoplasm, associated with F-actin, as determined by positive fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET+). In turn, TNF-alpha stimulation disrupted the association of IL-18 with F-actin, induced a FRET+ interaction of IL-18 with lipid rafts, and elicited IL-18 release. Manipulation of F-actin status confirmed the relationship between IL-18 and F-actin in resting PMNs. Consequently, incubation with monomeric IL-18 binding protein inhibited TNF-alpha-mediated priming of the PMN oxidase. We conclude that human PMNs contain IL-18 associated with F-actin in the cytoplasm and TNF-alpha stimulation causes dissociation of IL-18 from F-actin, association with lipid rafts, and extracellular release. Extracellular IL-18 participates in TNF-alpha priming of the PMN oxidase as demonstrated by inhibition with the IL-18 binding protein.
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18
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Choi JD, Bae SY, Hong JW, Azam T, Dinarello CA, Her E, Choi WS, Kim BK, Lee CK, Yoon DY, Kim SJ, Kim SH. Identification of the most active interleukin-32 isoform. Immunology 2008; 126:535-42. [PMID: 18771438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are crucial in host defence against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. A newly described cytokine, interleukin-32 (IL-32), induces various proinflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6) and chemokines in both human and mouse cells through the nuclear factor-kappaB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inflammatory signal pathway. The IL-32 primarily acts on monocytic cells rather than T cells. In an attempt to isolate the IL-32 soluble receptor, we used an IL-32 ligand-affinity column to purify neutrophil proteinase 3, which is a serine proteinase involved in many inflammatory diseases. IL-32 has biological activity associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and chronic proinflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. IL-32 is transcribed as six alternative splice variants and the biological activity of each individual isoform remains unknown. Here, we cloned the complementary DNA of the four IL-32 isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma and delta) that are the most representative IL-32 transcripts. To produce recombinant protein with a high yield, the amino acids of two cysteine residues were mutated to serine residues, because serine residues are not conserved among different species. The multi-step purified recombinant IL-32 isoform proteins were assessed for their biological activities with different cytokine assays. The gamma isoform of IL-32 was the most active, although all isoforms were biologically active. The present study will provide a specific target to neutralize endogenous IL-32, which may contribute to basic and clinical immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Da Choi
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Meléndez-López SG, Herdman S, Hirata K, Choi MH, Choe Y, Craik C, Caffrey CR, Hansell E, Chávez-Munguía B, Chen YT, Roush WR, McKerrow J, Eckmann L, Guo J, Stanley SL, Reed SL. Use of recombinant Entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteinase 1 to identify a potent inhibitor of amebic invasion in a human colonic model. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2007; 6:1130-6. [PMID: 17513563 PMCID: PMC1951106 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00094-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine proteinases are key virulence factors of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. We have shown that cysteine proteinases play a central role in tissue invasion and disruption of host defenses by digesting components of the extracellular matrix, immunoglobulins, complement, and cytokines. Analysis of the E. histolytica genome project has revealed more than 40 genes encoding cysteine proteinases. We have focused on E. histolytica cysteine proteinase 1 (EhCP1) because it is one of two cysteine proteinases unique to invasive E. histolytica and is highly expressed and released. Recombinant EhCP1 was expressed in Escherichia coli and refolded to an active enzyme with a pH optimum of 6.0. We used positional-scanning synthetic tetrapeptide combinatorial libraries to map the specificity of the P1 to P4 subsites of the active site cleft. Arginine was strongly preferred at P2, an unusual specificity among clan CA proteinases. A new vinyl sulfone inhibitor, WRR483, was synthesized based on this specificity to target EhCP1. Recombinant EhCP1 cleaved key components of the host immune system, C3, immunoglobulin G, and pro-interleukin-18, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. EhCP1 localized to large cytoplasmic vesicles, distinct from the sites of other proteinases. To gain insight into the role of secreted cysteine proteinases in amebic invasion, we tested the effect of the vinyl sulfone cysteine proteinase inhibitors K11777 and WRR483 on invasion of human colonic xenografts. The resultant dramatic inhibition of invasion by both inhibitors in this human colonic model of amebiasis strongly suggests a significant role of secreted amebic proteinases, such as EhCP1, in the pathogenesis of amebiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Meléndez-López
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92103-8416, USA
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20
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Meng X, Leman M, Xiang Y. Variola virus IL-18 binding protein interacts with three human IL-18 residues that are part of a binding site for human IL-18 receptor alpha subunit. Virology 2006; 358:211-20. [PMID: 16979683 PMCID: PMC1800912 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays an important role in host defense against microbial pathogens. Many poxviruses encode homologous IL-18 binding proteins (IL-18BP) that neutralize IL-18 activity. Here, we examined whether IL-18BP neutralizes IL-18 activity by binding to the same region of IL-18 where IL-18 receptor (IL-18R) binds. We introduced alanine substitutions to known receptor binding sites of human IL-18 and found that only the substitution of Leu5 reduced the binding affinity of IL-18 with IL-18BP of variola virus (varvIL-18BP) by more than 4-fold. The substitutions of Lys53 and Ser55, which were not previously known to be part of the receptor binding site but that are spatially adjacent to Leu5, reduced the binding affinity to varvIL-18BP by approximately 100- and 7-fold, respectively. These two substitutions also reduced the binding affinity with human IL-18R alpha subunit (hIL-18Ralpha) by 4- and 2-fold, respectively. Altogether, our data show that varvIL-18BP prevents IL-18 from binding to IL-18R by interacting with three residues that are part of the binding site for hIL-18Ralpha.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Xiang
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel: 210-567-0884; Fax: 210-567-6612; E-mail:
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21
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Dumont FJ. The interleukin-1 families of cytokines and receptors: therapeutic potential for immunomodulation and the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2006. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.16.7.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Robertson SE, Young JD, Kitson S, Pitt A, Evans J, Roes J, Karaoglu D, Santora L, Ghayur T, Liew FY, Gracie JA, McInnes IB. Expression and alternative processing of IL-18 inhuman neutrophils. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:722-31. [PMID: 16506286 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a member of the IL-1 cytokine superfamily, is an important regulator of both innate and acquired immune responses. We demonstrate here constitutive expression of IL-18 by human neutrophils. Unexpectedly, we observed that neutrophils from peripheral blood or rheumatoid synovial compartments contained not only pro and mature IL-18, but also several novel smaller-molecular-weight IL-18-derived species. Using specific protease inhibitors, and serine protease gene-targeted mice, we demonstrate that these IL-18-derived products arose through caspase-independent cleavage events mediated by the serine proteases, elastase and cathepsin G. Moreover, we report that the net effect of elastase treatment of mature recombinant IL-18 was to reduce its IFN-gamma-inducing activity. Thus, human neutrophils contain IL-18 and IL-18-derived molecular species that can arise through novel enzymatic processing pathways. Through cytosolic, membrane or secretory expression of such processing enzymes, together with generation of IL-18 itself, neutrophils likely play a critical role in regulating IL-18 activities during early innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Robertson
- CRD, Division of Immunology, Infection & Inflammation, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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23
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Yang YJ, Wang ZY, Chen SH, Ge XR. Cloning and characterization of a new isoform of mouse interleukin-18. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2005; 37:826-34. [PMID: 16331327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2005.00116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a novel proinflammatory cytokine with potent interferon (IFN)-lambda inducing activity that plays an important biological role in the enhancement of the activity of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In this study, we have identified a novel short form of IL-18 in mouse, named IL-18s. IL-18s might be an alternative splicing variant of IL-18 and its cDNA contains a 57 bp in-frame deletion. Like IL-18, IL-18s is also widely expressed in mouse tissues. It was suggested that IL-18s might have a caspase-1-dependent mechanism for maturation and secretion similar to that of IL-18: when transfected in COS-7 cells, pro-IL-18s (22 kDa) could be detected, and the mature IL-18s (16 kDa) could also be detected when combined with caspase-1. We observed that recombinant mouse IL-18s did not show any IL-18-like function, and IL-18s could enhance the ability of IL-18 to increase IFN-lambda production by approximately 40% in mouse splenocytes. This effect was observed primarily at relative low concentrations of IL-18, suggesting that IL-18s might regulate the activity of IL-18 in the physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jie Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031 China
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24
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Lee KA, Cho KJ, Kim SH, Shim JH, Lim JS, Cho DH, Song MS, Dinarello CA, Yoon DY. IL-18 E42A mutant is resistant to the inhibitory effects of HPV-16 E6 and E7 oncogenes on the IL-18-mediated immune response. Cancer Lett 2005; 229:261-70. [PMID: 16125299 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that the down-modulation of IL-18-induced immune response caused by oncoproteins E6 and E7 as one of the mechanisms underlying immune escape in HPV-induced cervical cancer cells. E42 residue of IL-18 also appears to be critical in the activity of IL-18. Single point mutation E42 in IL-18 show promise in the study of IL-18 binding motifs for HPV oncoproteins. We attempted to ascertain whether site-specific IL-18 mutant E42A would modulate the inhibitory effects of IL-18-induced immune responses via the HPV 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins. Compared to wild type IL-18, E42A-induced IFN-gamma production was not inhibited by HPV 16 E6 and E7. In vitro and in vivo binding assays have also revealed that E6 and E7 do not result in the inhibition of the binding of E42A to its IL-18 receptor alpha chain. There were no effects on the E42A-induced phosphorylations of p38 and JNK observed in the presence of E6 or E7. The degradation of IkappaB by E42A was not affected by E6 or E7 in NK0 cells. Moreover, E42A-induced NF-kappaB activation was also not inhibited by these oncoproteins. These results suggest that E42A is a stronger activator than wild type IL-18, and is not susceptible to inhibition by the HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7. Thus, it is suggested that E42A could be used in immunotherapy for patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ae Lee
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong, P. O. Box 115, Daejeon 305-600, South Korea
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25
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Acres B, Gantzer M, Remy C, Futin N, Accart N, Chaloin O, Hoebeke J, Balloul JM, Paul S. Fusokine Interleukin-2/Interleukin-18, a Novel Potent Innate and Adaptive Immune Stimulator with Decreased Toxicity. Cancer Res 2005; 65:9536-46. [PMID: 16230419 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To redress the immune imbalances created by pathologies such as cancer, it would be beneficial to create novel cytokine molecules, which combine desired cytokine activities with reduced toxicities. Due to their divergent but complementary activities, it is of interest to combine interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-18 into one recombinant molecule for immunotherapy. Evaluation of a fusokine protein that combines murine IL-2/IL-18 shows that it is stable, maintains IL-2 and IL-18 bioactivities, has notably reduced IL-2 associated toxicities, and has a novel lymphocyte-stimulating activity. An adeno-viral expression system was used to explore the biology of this "fusokine". Inclusion of the IL-18 prosequence (proIL-18) increases the expression, secretion, and potency of this fusokine. In vivo gene transfer experiments show that Ad-IL-2/proIL-18 dramatically outdoes Ad-IL-2, Ad-proIL-18, or the combination of both, by inducing high rates of tumor rejection in several murine models. Both innate and adaptive effector mechanisms are required for this antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Acres
- Division of Medical and Regulatory Affairs, Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Histology and Animal Facilities Laboratory, Transgene SA, Strasbourg, France
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26
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Kim SH, Han SY, Azam T, Yoon DY, Dinarello CA. Interleukin-32: a cytokine and inducer of TNFalpha. Immunity 2005; 22:131-42. [PMID: 15664165 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2004] [Revised: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 12/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe the gene structure, regulation, signal transduction. and functions of a cytokine, interleukin (IL)-32. An IL-18 unresponsive cell was converted to a responsive cell by transfection of the IL-18 receptor beta chain, and IL-18-induced microarray revealed high expression of a cytokine-like gene. Although IL-32 does not share sequence homology with known cytokine families, IL-32 induces various cytokines, human TNFalpha, and IL-8 in THP-1 monocytic cells as well as mouse TNFalpha and MIP-2 in Raw macrophage cells. IL-32 activates typical cytokine signal pathways of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. IL-32 mRNA is highly expressed in immune tissue rather than other tissues. Human IL-32 exists as four splice variants, and IL-32 from other species were found as expressed sequence tag clones in the databank. Induced in human peripheral lymphocyte cells after mitogen stimulation, in human epithelial cells by IFNgamma, and in NK cells after exposure to the combination of IL-12 plus IL-18, IL-32 may play a role in inflammatory/autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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27
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Hwang KS, Cho WK, Yoo J, Seong YR, Kim BK, Kim S, Im DS. Adenovirus-mediated interleukin-18 mutant in vivo gene transfer inhibits tumor growth through the induction of T cell immunity and activation of natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Cancer Gene Ther 2004; 11:397-407. [PMID: 15044962 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report here that gene transfer using recombinant adenoviruses encoding interleukin (IL)-18 mutants induces potent antitumor activity in vivo. The precursor form of IL-18 (ProIL-18) is processed by caspase-1 to produce bioactive IL-18, but its cleavage by caspase-3 (CPP32) produces an inactive form. To prepare IL-18 molecules with an effective antitumor activity, a murine IL-18 mutant with the signal sequence of murine granulocyte-macrophage (GM)- colony stimulating factor (CSF) at the 5'-end of mature IL-18 cDNA (GMmIL-18) and human IL-18 mutant with the prepro leader sequence of trypsin (PPT), which is not cleaved by caspase-3 (PPThIL-18CPP32-), respectively, were constructed. Adenovirus vectors carrying GMmIL-18 or PPThIL-18CPP32- produced bioactive IL-18. Ad.GMmIL-18 had a more potent antitumor effect than Ad.mProIL-18 encoding immature IL-18 in renal cell adenocarcinoma (Renca) tumor-bearing mice. Tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, the induction of Th1 cytokines, and an augmented natural killer (NK) cell activity were detected in Renca tumor-bearing mice treated with Ad.GMmIL-18. An immunohistological analysis revealed that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells abundantly infiltrated into tumors of mice treated with Ad.GMmIL-18. Huh-7 human hepatoma tumor growth in nude mice with a defect of T cell function was significantly inhibited by Ad.PPThIL-18CPP32- compared with Ad.hProIL-18 encoding immature IL-18. Nude mice treated with Ad.PPThIL-18CPP32- contained NK cells with increased cytotoxicity. The results suggest that the release of mature IL-18 in tumors is required for achieving an antitumor effect including tumor-specific cellular immunity and augmented NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These optimally designed IL-18 mutants could be useful for improving the antitumor effectiveness of wild-type IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sun Hwang
- Cell Biology Laboratory/Gene Therapy Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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28
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Park HJ, Kim JE, Lee JY, Cho BK, Lee WJ, Kim T, Yoon D, Cho D. Increased expression of IL-18 in cutaneous graft-versus-host disease. Immunol Lett 2004; 95:57-61. [PMID: 15325798 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Revised: 06/08/2004] [Accepted: 06/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an 18-kDa cytokine produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages or Kupffer cells. In addition, IL-18 is also produced by many different types of cells and tissues, including epidermal keratinocytes, the adrenal cortex, and the brain. IL-18 acts on the immune system to increase IFN-gamma production from T and NK cells to enhance NK cell cytotoxicity and to activate Th1 cell proliferation. It is considered that the tissue expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 are common in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Recent evidence suggests that IL-18 is a cytokine relevant in the pathogenesis of GVHD. Despite the potential importance of IL-18 in GVHD, the distribution of IL-18 production in cutaneous GVHD has not been fully investigated. In this study, the expression of IL-18 in the cutaneous GVHD was investigated. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were obtained, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect IL-18 and ICAM-1 expression according to the acute and chronic GVHD. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the enhanced IL-18 expression levels in the early stage (grade 1) of acute GVHD and the late stage (sclerodermoid) of chronic GVHD compared to the other stages. In contrast, the ICAM-1 expression level was constant at all stages. Our findings indicate that IL-18 is a significant pathogenic indicator in cutaneous GVHD, and the tissue expression of IL-18 seems to be associated with the pathogenesis of acute and chronic GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Park
- Department of Dermatology, St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Esteban DJ, Buller RML. Identification of residues in an orthopoxvirus interleukin-18 binding protein involved in ligand binding and species specificity. Virology 2004; 323:197-207. [PMID: 15193916 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2003] [Revised: 12/16/2003] [Accepted: 02/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a critical cytokine in inflammation and adaptive immune responses. The IL-18 binding proteins (IL-18BP) are a family of proteins that bind to, and inhibit the activity of, IL-18. Using point mutagenesis, we analyzed the ectromelia virus IL-18BP to identify residues involved in binding. Because p13 can bind both human and murine IL-18, and because it is highly homologous to the variola virus IL-18BP, we set out to identify residues that may be involved in species specificity. Several of the mutations resulted in complete abrogation of binding affinity. Three (F49A, E77A, and E69A) significantly affected binding with both species of IL-18, but not to the same extent. Mutant H70A showed reduced affinity for human IL-18 while binding to murine IL-18 was not affected. This study demonstrated that interaction of IL-18 with p13 was similar to other IL-18BPs, however, novel species-specific interactions were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Esteban
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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30
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 is a new member of the IL-1 family of proinflammatory cytokines. Based on preclinical studies in animals, IL-18 likely plays a role in rheumatoid arthritis, and strategies to block IL-18 activity are underway in clinical trials. In one of these trials,a naturally occurring IL-18 binding protein (IL-18 BP) binds IL-18 with a high affinity and reduces disease severity in models of inflammatory diseases. IL-18 BP is not the soluble receptor for IL-18 but rather a distinct molecule, which appears to be distantly related to the IL-1 receptor type II, both structurally and functionally, and hence represents part of the IL-1 family of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Dinarello
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, B168, Denver, CO 80262, USA
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31
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Tsuboi K, Miyazaki T, Nakajima M, Fukai Y, Masuda N, Manda R, Fukuchi M, Kato H, Kuwano H. Serum interleukin-12 and interleukin-18 levels as a tumor marker in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2004; 205:207-14. [PMID: 15036653 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2003.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2003] [Revised: 09/24/2003] [Accepted: 10/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 participate in tumor immunology. Serum IL-12 and IL-18 levels were determined in patients with esophageal carcinoma, and the relationship between clinicopathologic factors and prognosis was investigated. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 15 healthy volunteers and from 70 patients with esophageal carcinoma before curative surgery. IL-12 and IL-18 levels were determined in each serum sample by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mean serum IL-12 and IL-18 levels were significantly higher in patients with esophageal carcinoma compared with healthy volunteers (P < 0.05) and mean serum IL-12 and IL-18 levels increased in patients as the pathologic stage progressed. A positive correlation was observed between serum IL-12 and IL-18 levels (P < 0.01). In patients with esophageal carcinoma, increasing serum IL-12 and IL-18 levels correlated with tumor growth and progression. The function of these two interleukin in the host immune response remains unclear. However, this part of the host immune response did not appear to contribute to the postoperative prognosis. Serum IL-12 and IL-18 levels might correlate with a certain depth of invasion and might be useful tumor markers in patients with esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Tsuboi
- Department of Surgery I, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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32
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Dinarello CA, Novick D, Rubinstein M, Lonnemann G. Interleukin 18 and interleukin 18 binding protein: possible role in immunosuppression of chronic renal failure. Blood Purif 2004; 21:258-70. [PMID: 12784053 DOI: 10.1159/000070699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although interleukin (IL)-18 is a member of the IL-1 family of ligands, IL-18 appears to have unique characteristics, particularly in the regulation of the T helper type 1 (Th1) response. Th1 responses are required for tumor surveillance, killing intracellular organisms, and to provide help for antibody production. In patients with chronic renal failure, the well-known immunosuppression contributes to a failure to respond to infectious challenges and vaccinations. The most salient biological property of IL-18, linking this cytokine to the Th1 response, is its ability to induce interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). In fact, IL-18 was originally identified as an IFN-gamma-inducing factor, and IFN-gamma production is the hallmark of the Th1 response. Dysregulation of IFN-gamma production resulting from reduced activity of IL-18 would explain one of the mechanisms of immunosuppression in patients with chronic renal failure. The activity of IL-18 can be regulated by the IL-18-binding protein (IL-18BP), a glycoprotein of 40,000 daltons, which is constitutively expressed and appears to be the natural inhibitor of IL-18 activity. Unlike soluble receptors for IL-18, IL-18BP does not have a transmembrane domain; IL-18BP is a secreted protein possessing a high-affinity binding and ability to neutralize IL-18. IL-18BP was discovered in human urine and is excreted in health following glomerular filtration. With decreasing renal function, the concentrations of IL-18BP in the circulation are elevated as compared with subjects with a normal renal function, and these elevated levels may result in a decreased IL-18 activity. Because of the importance of IL-18 and IFN-gamma in the Th1 response, the biology of IL-18 and IL-18BP is reviewed here in the context of the immunosuppression of chronic renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo 80262, USA
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33
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Azam T, Novick D, Bufler P, Yoon DY, Rubinstein M, Dinarello CA, Kim SH. Identification of a Critical Ig-Like Domain in IL-18 Receptor α and Characterization of a Functional IL-18 Receptor Complex. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 171:6574-80. [PMID: 14662859 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.12.6574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Steady state mRNA levels in various human tissues reveal that the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 is constitutively and ubiquitously expressed. However, limited IL-18R alpha-chain (IL-18Ralpha) expression in tissues may restrict ligand-acting sites and contribute to a specific response for IL-18. To study the IL-18R complex, [(125)I]IL-18 was studied for binding to the cell surface receptors of IL-18-responsive NK and macrophagic KG-1 cells. After cross-linking, [(125)I]IL-18 formed three IL-18R complexes with sizes of approximately 93, 160, and 220 kDa. In KG-1 cells, Scatchard analysis revealed the presence of 135 binding sites/cell, with an apparent dissociation constant (K(d)) of 250 pM; in NK cells, there were 350 binding sites per cell with an apparent K(d) of 146 pM. Each domain of extracellular IL-18Ralpha was cloned and individually expressed in Escherichia coli. An mAb specifically recognized the membrane-proximal third domain; this mAb blocked IL-18-induced IFN-gamma production in NK cells. Furthermore, deletion of the membrane-proximal third domain of IL-18Ralpha prevented the formation of IL-18R ternary complex with IL-18R beta-chain. The present studies demonstrate that the biologically active IL-18R complex requires the membrane-proximal third Ig-like domain in IL-18Ralpha for the formation of IL-18R ternary complex as well as for signal transduction involved in IL-18-induced IFN-gamma in NK cells.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/chemistry
- Immunoglobulins/genetics
- Immunoglobulins/physiology
- Interleukin-18/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-18/metabolism
- Interleukin-18 Receptor alpha Subunit
- Iodine Radioisotopes/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Macromolecular Substances
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/chemistry
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Organ Specificity/immunology
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/physiology
- Protein Subunits/biosynthesis
- Protein Subunits/chemistry
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin/chemistry
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-18
- Sequence Deletion
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Azam
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA
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Li Volti G, Malaponte G, Bevelacqua V, Messina A, Bianca S, Mazzarino MC, Li Volti S. Persistent high plasma levels of interleukins 18 and 4 in children with recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:2911-5. [PMID: 14697936 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2003.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether children with recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract might have alterations in the systemic immune response to viral infections as compared with healthy control children. We quantitated plasma levels of interferon-gamma, interleukin-12, interleukin-18, interleukin-4, lymphocyte subpopulations, serum immunoglobulins, and subclasses of immunoglobulin G in 30 children under the age of 6 years with recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract, both during the acute phase of the infection and 4 weeks later, when clinical symptoms had resolved, as well as in 20 normal controls. We found elevated levels of immunoglobulin G primarily due to increased levels of immunoglobulin G(1). Moreover, significantly higher levels of interleukin-18 and interleukin-4 were noted during the acute phase of infection among children with an increased incidence of respiratory infections as compared with the controls (P =.022 and P =.0001, respectively), while plasma levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 were significantly lower (P =.034 and P =.0001, respectively) than in controls. We suggest that an imbalance between T-cell helper type-1 and T-cell helper type-2 immune responses might be responsible for the perpetuation of recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Li Volti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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35
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Fantuzzi G, Banda NK, Guthridge C, Vondracek A, Kim SH, Siegmund B, Azam T, Sennello JA, Dinarello CA, Arend WP. Generation and characterization of mice transgenic for human IL-18-binding protein isoform a. J Leukoc Biol 2003; 74:889-96. [PMID: 12960225 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0503230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a natural inhibitor of the pleiotropic cytokine IL-18. To study the role of IL-18BP in modulating inflammatory responses in vivo, mice transgenic for human IL-18BP isoform a (IL-18BP-Tg) were generated. The transgene was expressed at high levels in each organ examined. High levels of bioactive human IL-18BPa were detectable in the circulation of IL-18BP-Tg mice, which were viable, fertile, and had no tissue or organ abnormality. The high levels of IL-18BP in the transgenic mice were able to completely neutralize the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-inducing activity of exogenously administered IL-18. Following administration of endotoxin, with or without prior sensitization with heat-inactivated Propionibacterium acnes, IL-18BP-Tg mice produced significantly lower serum levels of IFN-gamma and macrophage-inflammatory protein-2 compared with nontransgenic littermates. Significantly reduced production of IFN-gamma in response to endotoxin was also observed in cultures of IL-18BP-Tg splenocytes. Finally, IL-18BP-Tg mice were completely protected in a model of hepatotoxicity induced by administration of concanavalin A. These results indicate that high endogenous levels of IL-18BP in trangenic mice effectively neutralize IL-18 and are protective in response to different inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giamila Fantuzzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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36
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Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-gamma-inducing factor was previously termed interleukin (IL)-18. Although IL-12 is also an IFN-gamma-inducing factor, the activity of IL-18 (but not IL-12) in models of sepsis and death is dependent on the intracellular cysteine protease IL-1beta converting enzyme (caspase-1). Caspase-1 is required for cleavage of the inactive precursor form of IL-18 into an active cytokine, and caspase-1-deficient mice are resistant to lethal endotoxemia. The absence of IFN-gamma (but not IL-1beta) in caspase-1-deficient mice is responsible for this resistance. However, the role of IFN-gamma in murine defense against gram-negative infection is inconsistent. Mice deficient in IFN-gamma are not resistant to lethal endotoxemia but are resistant when treated with neutralizing antibodies to IL-18 and challenged with a lethal injection of some endotoxins. Anti-IL-18 treatment also reduces neutrophil accumulation in liver and lungs. Neutralizing IL-18 with the IL-18 binding protein protects mice against endotoxin- and ischemia-induced hepatic damage. Thus, blockade of IL-18 appears to be a viable clinical target to combat the pathologic consequences of sepsis via IFN-gamma mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Que X, Kim SH, Sajid M, Eckmann L, Dinarello CA, McKerrow JH, Reed SL. A surface amebic cysteine proteinase inactivates interleukin-18. Infect Immun 2003; 71:1274-80. [PMID: 12595442 PMCID: PMC148873 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.3.1274-1280.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2002] [Revised: 10/05/2002] [Accepted: 11/25/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amebiasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Invasion by Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites causes secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from host epithelial cells, leading to a local acute inflammatory response, followed by lysis of colonic cells. Extracellular cysteine proteinases from amebic trophozoites are key virulence factors and have a number of important interactions with host defenses, including cleavage of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and complement components C3 and C5. Amebic lysates have also been shown to activate the precursor to interleukin 1-beta (proIL-1beta), mimicking the action of caspase-1. IL-18 is also a central cytokine, which induces gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and activates macrophages, one of the main host defenses against invading trophozoites. Because proIL-18 is also activated by caspase-1, we evaluated whether amebic proteinases had a similar effect. Instead, we found that recombinant proIL-18 was cleaved into smaller fragments by the complex of surface-associated and released amebic proteinases. To evaluate the function of an individual proteinase from the complex pool, we expressed an active surface proteinase, EhCP5, which is functional only in E. histolytica. Recombinant EhCP5 expressed in Pichia pastoris had kinetic properties similar to those of the native enzyme with respect to substrate specificity and sensitivity to proteinase inhibitors. In contrast to the activation of proIL-1beta by amebic lysates, the purified proteinase cleaved proIL-18 and mature IL-18 to biologically inactive fragments. These studies suggest that the acute host response and amebic invasion result from a complex interplay of parasite virulence factors and host defenses. E. histolytica may block the host inflammatory response by a novel mechanism, inactivation of IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchu Que
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California 92103, USA
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Bufler P, Azam T, Gamboni-Robertson F, Reznikov LL, Kumar S, Dinarello CA, Kim SH. A complex of the IL-1 homologue IL-1F7b and IL-18-binding protein reduces IL-18 activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:13723-8. [PMID: 12381835 PMCID: PMC129755 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.212519099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-1F7 was discovered in expressed sequence tag databases as a member of the increasing family of proteins sharing sequence homology to IL-1alpha/beta, IL-1Ra, and IL-18. In the present study using immunohistochemical staining, IL-1F7 was localized in human peripheral monocytic cells, suggesting its role in immune regulation. Recombinant human IL-1F7b was shown to bind to the IL-18Ralpha but without IL-18 agonistic or antagonistic function. Using chemical cross-linking, we observed that, unlike IL-18, IL-1F7b fails to recruit the IL-18Rbeta chain to form a functionally active, ternary complex with the IL-18Ralpha chain. IL-1F7b shares two conserved amino acids with IL-18 (Glu-35 and Lys-124), which participate in the interaction of IL-18 with the IL-18Ralpha chain as well as the IL-18-binding protein (IL-18BP), a secreted protein that neutralizes IL-18 activity. In testing whether IL-1F7b interacts with IL-18BP, we unexpectedly observed that IL-1F7b enhanced the ability of IL-18BP to inhibit IL-18-induced IFNgamma by 25-30% in a human natural killer cell line. This effect was observed primarily at limiting concentrations of IL-18BP (3.12-12.5 ng/ml) and at a 50- to 100-fold molar excess of IL-1F7b. Similar results were obtained by using isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To study the molecular basis of this effect we performed binding studies of IL-1F7b and IL-18BP. After cross-linking, a high molecular weight complex consisting of IL-1F7b and IL-18BP was observed on SDS/PAGE. We propose that after binding to IL-18BP, IL-1F7b forms a complex with IL-18Rbeta, depriving the beta-chain of forming a functional receptor complex with IL-18Ralpha and thus inhibiting IL-18 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bufler
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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39
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Kim SH, Azam T, Novick D, Yoon DY, Reznikov LL, Bufler P, Rubinstein M, Dinarello CA. Identification of amino acid residues critical for biological activity in human interleukin-18. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:10998-1003. [PMID: 11790772 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m108311200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and IL-18-binding protein (IL-18BP) is a naturally occurring protein that binds IL-18 and neutralizes its biological activities. Computer modeling of human IL-18 identified two charged residues, Glu-42 and Lys-89, which interact with oppositely charged amino acid residues buried in a large hydrophobic pocket of IL-18BP. The cell surface IL-18 receptor alpha chain competes with IL-18BP for IL-18 binding, although the IL-18 receptor alpha chain does not share significant homology to IL-18BP. In the present study, Glu-42 was mutated to Lys and Lys-89 to Glu; Glu-42 and Lys-89 were also deleted separately. The deletion mutants (E42X and K89X) were devoid of biological activity, and the K89E mutant lost 95% of its activity. In contrast, compared with wild-type (WT) IL-18, the E42K mutant exhibited a 2-fold increase in biological activity and required a 4-fold greater concentration of IL-18BP for neutralization. The binding of WT IL-18 and its various mutants to human natural killer cells was evaluated by competition assays. The mutant E42K was more effective than WT IL-18 in inhibiting the binding of (125)I-IL-18 to natural killer cells, whereas the three inactive mutants E42X, K89E, and K89X were unable to compete with (125)I-IL-18 for binding. Similarly, WT IL-18 and the E42K mutant induced degradation of Ikappa-Balpha, whereas the three biologically inactive mutants did not induce degradation. The present study reveals that Glu-42 and Lys-89 are critical amino acid residues for the integrity of IL-18 structure and are important for binding to cell surface receptors, for signal transduction, and for neutralization by IL-18BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Kim
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
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