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Piccaro G, Aquino G, Gigantino V, Tirelli V, Sanchez M, Iorio E, Matarese G, Cassone A, Palma C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85B modifies BCG-induced antituberculosis immunity and favors pathogen survival. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:1053-1069. [PMID: 38242866 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has developed strategies not only to evade host immunity but also to manipulate it for its survival. We investigated whether Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploited the immunogenicity of Ag85B, one of its major secretory proteins, to redirect host antituberculosis immunity to its advantage. We found that administration of Ag85B protein to mice vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin impaired the protection elicited by vaccination, causing a more severe infection when mice were challenged with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ag85B administration reduced Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-induced CD4 T-cell activation and IFN-γ, CCL-4, and IL-22 production in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected cells. On the other hand, it promoted robust Ag85B-responsive IFN-γ-producing CD4 T cells, expansion of a subset of IFN-γ/IL-10-producing CD4+FOXP3+Treg cells, differential activation of IL-17/IL-22 responses, and activation of regulatory and exhaustion pathways, including programmed death ligand 1 expression on macrophages. All this resulted in impaired intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth control by systemic immunity, both before and after the Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. Interestingly, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection itself generated Ag85B-reactive inflammatory immune cells incapable of clearing Mycobacterium tuberculosis in both unvaccinated and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-vaccinated mice. Our data suggest that Mycobacterium tuberculosis can exploit the strong immunogenicity of Ag85B to promote its own survival and spread. Since Ag85B is normally secreted by replicating bacteria and is commonly found in the lungs of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected host, our findings may advance the understanding on the mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis and immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Piccaro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aquino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gigantino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Tirelli
- Core Facilities-Flow Cytometry Area, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Sanchez
- Core Facilities-Flow Cytometry Area, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Core Facilities-High Resolution NMR Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Cassone
- Polo d'innovazione della Genomica, Genetica e Biologia, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Palma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Seth P, Dubey S. IL-22 as a target for therapeutic intervention: Current knowledge on its role in various diseases. Cytokine 2023; 169:156293. [PMID: 37441942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
IL-22 has emerged as a crucial cytokine mediating protective response against pathogens and tissue regeneration. Dysregulated production of IL-22 has been shown to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases like malignant tumours, viral, cardiovascular, allergic and autoimmune disorders. Interleukin 22 belongs to IFN-IL-10 cytokine family. It is a major proinflammatory cytokine secreted by activated Th1 cells (Th22), though can also be secreted by many other immune cells like group 3 innate lymphocytes, γδ T cells, NK cells, NK T cells, and mucosal associated invariant T cells. Th22 cells exclusively release IL-22 but not IL-17 or IFN-γ (as Th1 cells releases IFN-γ along with IL-22 and Th17 cells releases IL-17 along with IL-22) and also express aryl hydrocarbon receptor as the key transcription factor. Th22 cells also exhibit expression of chemokine receptor CCR6 and skin-homing receptors CCR4 and CCR10 indicating the involvement of this subset in bolstering epithelial barrier immunity and promoting secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from intestinal epithelial cells. The function of IL-22 is modulated by IL-22 binding protein (binds to IL-22 and inhibits it binding to its cell surface receptor); which serves as a competitor for IL-22R1 chain of IL-22 receptor. The pathogenic and protective nature of the Th22 cells is modulated both by the site of infected tissue and the type of disease pathology. This review aims to discuss key features of IL-22 biology, comparisons between IL and 22 and IFN-γ and its role as a potential immune therapy target in different maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Seth
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India
| | - Shweta Dubey
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India.
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Zhang K, Chen L, Zhu C, Zhang M, Liang C. Current Knowledge of Th22 Cell and IL-22 Functions in Infectious Diseases. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020176. [PMID: 36839448 PMCID: PMC9965464 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper 22 (Th22) cells, a newly defined CD4+ T-cell lineage, are characterized by their distinct cytokine profile, which primarily consists of IL-13, IL-22 and TNF-α. Th22 cells express a wide spectrum of chemokine receptors, such as CCR4, CCR6 and CCR10. The main effector molecule secreted by Th22 cells is IL-22, a member of the IL-10 family, which acts by binding to IL-22R and triggering a complex downstream signaling system. Th22 cells and IL-22 have been found to play variable roles in human immunity. In preventing the progression of infections such as HIV and influenza, Th22/IL-22 exhibited protective anti-inflammatory characteristics, and their deleterious proinflammatory activities have been demonstrated to exacerbate other illnesses, including hepatitis B and Helicobacter pylori infection. Herein, we review the current understanding of Th22 cells, including their definition, differentiation and mechanisms, and the effect of Th22/IL-22 on human infectious diseases. According to studies on Th22 cells, Th22/IL-22 may be a promising therapeutic target and an effective treatment strategy for various infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (C.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-55162922034 (M.Z.); +86-55162922034 (C.L.)
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (C.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-55162922034 (M.Z.); +86-55162922034 (C.L.)
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Makatsa MS, Omondi FMA, Bunjun R, Wilkinson RJ, Riou C, Burgers WA. Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific Th22 Cells and the Effect of Tuberculosis Disease and HIV Coinfection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:446-455. [PMID: 35777848 PMCID: PMC9339498 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of a highly effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine is likely dependent on our understanding of what constitutes a protective immune response to TB. Accumulating evidence suggests that CD4+ T cells producing IL-22, a distinct subset termed "Th22" cells, may contribute to protective immunity to TB. Thus, we characterized Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific Th22 (and Th1 and Th17) cells in 72 people with latent TB infection or TB disease, with and without HIV-1 infection. We investigated the functional properties (IFN-γ, IL-22, and IL-17 production), memory differentiation (CD45RA, CD27, and CCR7), and activation profile (HLA-DR) of M. tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells. In HIV-uninfected individuals with latent TB infection, we detected abundant circulating IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells (median, 0.93%) and IL-22-producing CD4+ T cells (median, 0.46%) in response to M. tuberculosis The frequency of IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells was much lower, at a median of 0.06%. Consistent with previous studies, IL-22 was produced by a distinct subset of CD4+ T cells and not coexpressed with IL-17. M. tuberculosis-specific IL-22 responses were markedly reduced (median, 0.08%) in individuals with TB disease and HIV coinfection compared with IFN-γ responses. M. tuberculosis-specific Th22 cells exhibited a distinct memory and activation phenotype compared with Th1 and Th17 cells. Furthermore, M. tuberculosis-specific IL-22 was produced by conventional CD4+ T cells that required TCR engagement. In conclusion, we confirm that Th22 cells are a component of the human immune response to TB. Depletion of M. tuberculosis-specific Th22 cells during HIV coinfection may contribute to increased risk of TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohau S Makatsa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - F Millicent A Omondi
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rubina Bunjun
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K.; and
- Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill laboratory, London, U.K
| | - Catherine Riou
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Th22 cytokines and yellow fever: Possible implications for the immunopathogenesis of human liver infection. Cytokine 2022; 157:155924. [PMID: 35704977 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is an infectious disease considered a public health problem in tropical and subtropical areas. YF has many pathophysiological events that are correlated with the host immune response. In this study, the in situ Th22 cytokine profile was evaluated. Liver tissue samples were collected from 21 YFV-positive patients who died of the disease and five flavivirus-negative controls who died of other causes and whose hepatic parenchyma architecture was preserved. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of tissues in the hepatic parenchyma of YF cases showed significantly higher expression of interleukin (IL)-22, IL-13, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and FGF basic (FGF b) in YFV-positive cases than that in flavivirus-negative controls. These results indicate that the response of Th22 cytokines emerges as an alternative for a better understanding of adaptive immunity in the hepatic parenchyma, highlighting the role of cytokines in the repair and suppressive responses in the immunopathogenesis of YFV infection.
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Behura A, Das M, Kumar A, Naik L, Mishra A, Manna D, Patel S, Mishra A, Singh R, Dhiman R. ESAT-6 impedes IL-18 mediated phagosome lysosome fusion via microRNA-30a upon Calcimycin treatment in mycobacteria infected macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108319. [PMID: 34740079 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The weaponry possessed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) in the form of immunodominant antigens hijack the host immune system to give a survival advantage to this intracellular fiend, but the mechanism of this control is not entirely known. Since we have previously reported the mechanism of autophagy inhibition by early secreted antigenic target 6 kDa (ESAT-6) through microRNA (miR)-30a-3p in Calcimycin treated differentiated THP-1 (dTHP-1) cells, the present study was undertaken to deduce the effect of miR-30a on the immunomodulatory profile of ESAT-6 treated cells and the mechanism involved thereof, if any. Initially, the effect of recombinant ESAT-6 (rESAT-6) on the immunomodulatory profile in Calcimycin-treated phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) dTHP-1 cells was checked. Later, transfection studies using miR-30a-3p inhibitor or -5p mimic highlighted the contrary roles of different arms of the same miRNA in regulating IL-18 response by ESAT-6 in dTHP-1 cells after Calcimycin treatment. By using either IL-18 neutralizing antibody or inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/NF-κB/phagosome-lysosome fusion in the miRNA-30a transfected background, IL-18 mediated signaling and intracellular killing of mycobacteria was reversed in the presence of ESAT-6. Overall, the results of this study conclusively prove the contrary roles of miR-30a-3p and miR-30a-5p in regulating IL-18 signaling by ESAT-6 in dTHP-1 cells upon Calcimycin treatment that affected phagosome-lysosome fusion and intracellular survival of mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assirbad Behura
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Mousumi Das
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Lincoln Naik
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Abtar Mishra
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Debraj Manna
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Salina Patel
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342011, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, PO Box # 4, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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Mallela LS, Sharma P, Rao TSR, Roy S. Recombinant IL-22 promotes protection in a murine model of Aspergillus flavus keratitis and mediates host immune responses in human corneal epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13367. [PMID: 34029434 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a leading cause of corneal infections in India and worldwide, resulting in severe visual impairment. We studied the host immune response towards A. flavus in immortalised human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) and found increased expression of Toll-like receptors, antimicrobial peptides and proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and IL-8. Differential expressions of antimicrobial peptides were determined in corneal scrapings from A. flavus keratitis patients with significantly increased expression of LL-37, S100A12 and RNase 7. Increased levels of IL-22 expression were observed both in patients with A. flavus keratitis and in experimental mice model of corneal infections along with IL-17, IL-23 and IL-18. IL-22 is an important mediator of inflammation during microbial infections, and acts primarily on fibroblasts and epithelial cells. We observed constitutive expression of IL-22 receptors in HCEC, and IL-22 mediated activation of NF-κB, MAPK pathways and STAT3, along with increased expression of antimicrobial peptides in these cells. IL-22 also efficiently lessened cell deaths in corneal epithelial cells during A. flavus infection in vitro. Furthermore, recombinant IL-22 reduced fungal burden and corneal opacity in an experimental murine model of A. flavus keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prerana Sharma
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Sanhita Roy
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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8
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Bunjun R, Omondi FMA, Makatsa MS, Keeton R, Wendoh JM, Müller TL, Prentice CSL, Wilkinson RJ, Riou C, Burgers WA. Th22 Cells Are a Major Contributor to the Mycobacterial CD4 + T Cell Response and Are Depleted During HIV Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:1239-1249. [PMID: 34389623 PMCID: PMC8387408 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection substantially increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). Mechanisms such as defects in the Th1 response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons have been widely reported. However, Th1-independent mechanisms also contribute to protection against TB. To identify a broader spectrum of defects in TB immunity during HIV infection, we examined IL-17A and IL-22 production in response to mycobacterial Ags in peripheral blood of persons with latent TB infection and HIV coinfection. Upon stimulating with mycobacterial Ags, we observed a distinct CD4+ Th lineage producing IL-22 in the absence of IL-17A and IFN-γ. Mycobacteria-specific Th22 cells were present at high frequencies in blood and contributed up to 50% to the CD4+ T cell response to mycobacteria, comparable in magnitude to the IFN-γ Th1 response (median 0.91% and 0.55%, respectively). Phenotypic characterization of Th22 cells revealed that their memory differentiation was similar to M. tuberculosis-specific Th1 cells (i.e., predominantly early differentiated CD45RO+CD27+ phenotype). Moreover, CCR6 and CXCR3 expression profiles of Th22 cells were similar to Th17 cells, whereas their CCR4 and CCR10 expression patterns displayed an intermediate phenotype between Th1 and Th17 cells. Strikingly, mycobacterial IL-22 responses were 3-fold lower in HIV-infected persons compared with uninfected persons, and the magnitude of responses correlated inversely with HIV viral load. These data provide important insights into mycobacteria-specific Th subsets in humans and suggest a potential role for IL-22 in protection against TB during HIV infection. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the role of IL-22 in protective TB immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Bunjun
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fidilia M A Omondi
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohau S Makatsa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Roanne Keeton
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jerome M Wendoh
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tracey L Müller
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Caryn S L Prentice
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Riou
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Zhou W, Wu L, Song J, Jiao L, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Wang N, Liu T, Zhao Z, Bai H, Wu T, Ying B. A case-control study on correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphism of CLEC4E and the susceptibility to tuberculosis among Han people in Western China. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:788. [PMID: 34376176 PMCID: PMC8353747 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Western China. Preclinical studies have suggested the protective effect of the C-type lectin receptor of family 4 member E (CLEC4E) from TB. Herein, we investigated the association between CLEC4E gene variants and TB susceptibility in a western Chinese Han population. METHODS We genotyped four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs10841856, rs10770847, rs10770855 and rs4480590 in the CLEC4E gene using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) assay in 900 TB cases and 1534 healthy controls. RESULTS After stratifying the whole data by sex, it was found that males exhibited mutant allele G of rs10841856 was more strongly associated with increased TB risk after Bonferroni correction (OR = 1.334, 95% CI: 1.142-1.560; P < 0.001 after adjusting for age; p = 0.001 after Bonferroni correction). The genetic model analysis found that rs10841856 was associated with the increased risk of TB among males under the dominant model (OR = 1.557, 95% CI = 1.228-1.984, P < 0.001 after adjusting for age, P < 0.001 after Bonferroni correction). Bioinformatics analysis suggested that rs10841856 might fall in putative functional regions and might be the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for CLEC4E and long noncoding RNA RP11-561P12.5. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that rs10841856 in the CLEC4E gene might be related to increased TB risk, especially the dominant genetic model among male Han individuals from Western China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangyuheng Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Ho CM, Chen CL, Chang CH, Lee MR, Wang JY, Hu RH, Lee PH. Circulatory Inflammatory Mediators in the Prediction of Anti-Tuberculous Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using RUCAM for Causality Assessment. Biomedicines 2021; 9:891. [PMID: 34440095 PMCID: PMC8389605 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-tuberculous (TB) medications are common causes of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Limited data are available on systemic inflammatory mediators as biomarkers for predicting DILI before treatment. We aimed to select predictive markers among potential candidates and to formulate a predictive model of DILI for TB patients. METHODS Adult active TB patients from a prospective cohort were enrolled, and all participants received standard anti-tuberculous treatment. Development of DILI, defined as ≥5× ULN for alanine transaminase or ≥2.6× ULN of total bilirubin with causality assessment (RUCAM, Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method), was regularly monitored. Pre-treatment plasma was assayed for 15 candidates, and a set of risk prediction scores was established using Cox regression and receiver-operating characteristic analyses. RESULTS A total of 19 (7.9%) in 240 patients developed DILI (including six carriers of hepatitis B virus) following anti-TB treatment. Interleukin (IL)-22 binding protein (BP), interferon gamma-induced protein 1 (IP-10), soluble CD163 (sCD163), IL-6, and CD206 were significant univariable factors associated with DILI development, and the former three were backward selected as multivariable factors, with adjusted hazards of 0.20 (0.07-0.58), 3.71 (1.35-10.21), and 3.28 (1.07-10.06), respectively. A score set composed of IL-22BP, IP-10, and sCD163 had an improved area under the curve of 0.744 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment IL-22BP was a protective biomarker against DILI development under anti-TB treatment, and a score set by additional risk factors of IP-10 and sCD163 employed an adequate DILI prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Maw Ho
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (R.-H.H.); (P.-H.L.)
| | - Chi-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (M.-R.L.)
| | - Meng-Rui Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (M.-R.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jann-Yuan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (M.-R.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Rey-Heng Hu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (R.-H.H.); (P.-H.L.)
| | - Po-Huang Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (R.-H.H.); (P.-H.L.)
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11
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Park HE, Lee W, Shin MK, Shin SJ. Understanding the Reciprocal Interplay Between Antibiotics and Host Immune System: How Can We Improve the Anti-Mycobacterial Activity of Current Drugs to Better Control Tuberculosis? Front Immunol 2021; 12:703060. [PMID: 34262571 PMCID: PMC8273550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, remains a global health threat despite recent advances and insights into host-pathogen interactions and the identification of diverse pathways that may be novel therapeutic targets for TB treatment. In addition, the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant Mtb strains led to a low success rate of TB treatments. Thus, novel strategies involving the host immune system that boost the effectiveness of existing antibiotics have been recently suggested to better control TB. However, the lack of comprehensive understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of anti-TB drugs, including first-line drugs and newly introduced antibiotics, on bystander and effector immune cells curtailed the development of effective therapeutic strategies to combat Mtb infection. In this review, we focus on the influence of host immune-mediated stresses, such as lysosomal activation, metabolic changes, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and immune mediators, on the activities of anti-TB drugs. In addition, we discuss how anti-TB drugs facilitate the generation of Mtb populations that are resistant to host immune response or disrupt host immunity. Thus, further understanding the interplay between anti-TB drugs and host immune responses may enhance effective host antimicrobial activities and prevent Mtb tolerance to antibiotic and immune attacks. Finally, this review highlights novel adjunctive therapeutic approaches against Mtb infection for better disease outcomes, shorter treatment duration, and improved treatment efficacy based on reciprocal interactions between current TB antibiotics and host immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Eui Park
- Department of Microbiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Wonsik Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 Project for Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Liu Q, Yu C, Cheng J, Jiang Y, Xu Y, Liu Y, Jiang W, Zhang W, Gao Y, Shao L. Characterization of membrane-bound IL-22+ T cell subsets in HIV-1 patients coinfected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2021; 54:429-436. [PMID: 32081591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we have found that IL-22 could be not only secreted outside of cells, but also highly expressed on the T cells membrane in HIV-1 negative patients with tuberculosis (TB). However, the study on membrane-bound IL-22+ cells of HIV-1 infected patients is rare. Therefore, we investigated antigen-specific membrane-bound IL-22+ T cell subsets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) coinfection of HIV-1 infected individuals. METHODS A case-control study that enrolled 74 HIV-1 infected participants was carried out, including HIV-1 monoinfection (HIV+TB-, n = 43), HIV-1 infected patients with latent TB (HIV+LTB, n = 18) and HIV-1 coinfected patients with active TB (HIV+TB+, n = 13). We made use of an IFN-γ release assay (IGRA) to screen LTB individuals. Purified protein derivative (PPD) and phosphoantigen (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) were used as specific-stimulators to detect the levels of peripheral blood membrane-bound IL-22+ T cell subsets via cell surface staining and flow cytometry among three groups. RESULTS An approximate rate of 24.3% (n = 18 out of 74) of latent M.tb infection among HIV-1 positive population in Eastern China. Interestingly, HMBPP-specific CD3+Vγ2+ T cells were impaired in HIV+TB+patients compared with HIV+LTB patients (P < 0.05). Furthermore, increases of PPD-specific and HMBPP-specific membrane-bound IL-22+ T cell subsets including CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+Vγ2+ T cells were observed in HIV+TB+group rather than HIV+LTB groups (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Antigen-specific membrane-bound IL-22+ T cells were highly expressed in M.tb coinfection of HIV-1 infected individuals, and may play an important role in anti-TB immune response during coinfection with HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226006, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yancheng Second People's Hospital, Jiangsu, 224003, China
| | - Yingkui Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Weimin Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Ministry of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College, and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Lingyun Shao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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13
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Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is secreted by a wide range of immune cells and its downstream effects are mediated by the IL-22 receptor, which is present on non-immune cells in many organs throughout the body. IL-22 is an inflammatory mediator that conditions the tissue compartment by upregulating innate immune responses and is also a homeostatic factor that promotes tissue integrity and regeneration. Interestingly, the IL-22 system has also been linked to many T cell driven inflammatory diseases. Despite this, the downstream effects of IL-22 on the adaptive immune system has received little attention. We have reviewed the literature for experimental data that suggest IL-22 mediated effects on T cells, either transduced directly or via mediators expressed by innate immune cells or non-immune cells in response to IL-22. Collectively, the reviewed data indicate that IL-22 has a hitherto unappreciated influence on T helper cell polarization, or the secretion of signature cytokines, that is context dependent but in many cases results in a reduction of the Th1 type response and to some extent promotion of regulatory T cells. Further studies are needed that specifically address these aspects of IL-22 signaling, which can benefit the understanding and treatment of a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Imperiale BR, García A, Minotti A, González Montaner P, Moracho L, Morcillo NS, Palmero DJ, Sasiain MDC, de la Barrera S. Th22 response induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is closely related to severity of pulmonary lesions and bacillary load in patients with multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 203:267-280. [PMID: 33128773 PMCID: PMC7806416 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of interleukin-22 (IL-22) in the pathogenesis or tissue repair in human tuberculosis (TB) remains to be established. Here, we aimed to explore the ex-vivo and in-vitro T helper 22 (Th22) response in TB patients and healthy donors (HD) induced by different local multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Mvcobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains. For this purpose, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from drug-susceptible (S-TB) MDR-TB patients and HD were stimulated with local MDR strains and the laboratory strain H37Rv. IL-22 and IL-17 expression and senescent status were assessed in CD4+ and CD8+ cells by flow cytometry, while IL-22 amount was measured in plasma and culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found lower IL-22 amounts in plasma from TB patients than HD, together with a decrease in the number of circulating T cells expressing IL-22. In a similar manner, all Mtb strains enhanced IL-22 secretion and expanded IL-22+ cells within CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, being the highest levels detected in S-TB patients. In MDR-TB, low systemic and Mtb-induced Th22 responses associated with high sputum bacillary load and bilateralism of lung lesions, suggesting that Th22 response could be influencing the ability of MDR-TB patients to control bacillary growth and tissue damage. In addition, in MDR-TB patients we observed that the higher the percentage of IL-22+ cells, the lower the proportion of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)+ or CD57+ T cells. Furthermore, the highest proportion of senescent T cells was associated with severe lung lesions and bacillary load. Thus, T cell senescence would markedly influence Th22 response mounted by MDR-TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. R. Imperiale
- Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX)‐CONICETNational Academy of MedicineBuenos Aires CityArgentina
| | - A. García
- Dr. F.J. Muñiz HospitalBuenos Aires CityArgentina
| | - A. Minotti
- Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX)‐CONICETNational Academy of MedicineBuenos Aires CityArgentina
| | - P. González Montaner
- Dr. F.J. Muñiz HospitalBuenos Aires CityArgentina
- Vaccareza InstituteUBABuenos Aires CityArgentina
| | - L. Moracho
- Dr. F.J. Muñiz HospitalBuenos Aires CityArgentina
| | - N. S. Morcillo
- Tuberculosis and Mycobacterioses LaboratoryDr. Antonio A. Cetrángolo HospitalBuenos Aires ProvinceArgentina
| | - D. J. Palmero
- Dr. F.J. Muñiz HospitalBuenos Aires CityArgentina
- Vaccareza InstituteUBABuenos Aires CityArgentina
| | - M. del Carmen Sasiain
- Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX)‐CONICETNational Academy of MedicineBuenos Aires CityArgentina
| | - S. de la Barrera
- Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX)‐CONICETNational Academy of MedicineBuenos Aires CityArgentina
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15
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Oulee A, Ma F, Teles RMB, de Andrade Silva BJ, Pellegrini M, Klechevsky E, Harman AN, Rhodes JW, Modlin RL. Identification of Genes Encoding Antimicrobial Proteins in Langerhans Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695373. [PMID: 34512625 PMCID: PMC8426439 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) reside in the epidermis where they are poised to mount an antimicrobial response against microbial pathogens invading from the outside environment. To elucidate potential pathways by which LCs contribute to host defense, we mined published LC transcriptomes deposited in GEO and the scientific literature for genes that participate in antimicrobial responses. Overall, we identified 31 genes in LCs that encode proteins that contribute to antimicrobial activity, ten of which were cross-validated in at least two separate experiments. Seven of these ten antimicrobial genes encode chemokines, CCL1, CCL17, CCL19, CCL2, CCL22, CXCL14 and CXCL2, which mediate both antimicrobial and inflammatory responses. Of these, CCL22 was detected in seven of nine transcriptomes and by PCR in cultured LCs. Overall, the antimicrobial genes identified in LCs encode proteins with broad antibacterial activity, including against Staphylococcus aureus, which is the leading cause of skin infections. Thus, this study illustrates that LCs, consistent with their anatomical location, are programmed to mount an antimicrobial response against invading pathogens in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislyn Oulee
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rosane M B Teles
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bruno J de Andrade Silva
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eynav Klechevsky
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew N Harman
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jake W Rhodes
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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16
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Rozot V, Nemes E, Geldenhuys H, Musvosvi M, Toefy A, Rantangee F, Makhethe L, Erasmus M, Bilek N, Mabwe S, Finak G, Fulp W, Ginsberg AM, Hokey DA, Shey M, Gurunathan S, DiazGranados C, Bekker LG, Hatherill M, Scriba TJ. Multidimensional analyses reveal modulation of adaptive and innate immune subsets by tuberculosis vaccines. Commun Biol 2020; 3:563. [PMID: 33037320 PMCID: PMC7547090 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterize the breadth, function and phenotype of innate and adaptive cellular responses in a prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection trial. Responses are measured by whole blood intracellular cytokine staining at baseline and 70 days after vaccination with H4:IC31 (subunit vaccine containing Ag85B and TB10.4), Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG, a live attenuated vaccine) or placebo (n = ~30 per group). H4:IC31 vaccination induces Ag85B and TB10.4-specific CD4 T cells, and an unexpected NKTlike subset, that expresses IFN-γ, TNF and/or IL-2. BCG revaccination increases frequencies of CD4 T cell subsets that either express Th1 cytokines or IL-22, and modestly increases IFNγ-producing NK cells. In vitro BCG re-stimulation also triggers responses by donor-unrestricted T cells, which may contribute to host responses against mycobacteria. BCG, which demonstrated efficacy against sustained Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, modulates multiple immune cell subsets, in particular conventional Th1 and Th22 cells, which should be investigated in discovery studies of correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Rozot
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hennie Geldenhuys
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Munyaradzi Musvosvi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Asma Toefy
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frances Rantangee
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lebohang Makhethe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mzwandile Erasmus
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simbarashe Mabwe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Greg Finak
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William Fulp
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Muki Shey
- Aeras South Africa Endpoint Assay Laboratory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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17
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Choreño-Parra JA, Jiménez-Álvarez LA, Muñoz-Torrico M, Ramírez-Martínez G, Jiménez-Zamudio LA, Salinas-Lara C, García-Latorre EA, Zúñiga J. Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Stimulate CXCR6+ Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582414. [PMID: 33117393 PMCID: PMC7549382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells participate in immunity against several pathogens by exerting cytotoxic and cytokine-production activities. Some NK cell subsets also mediate recall responses that resemble memory of adaptive lymphocytes against antigenic and non-antigenic stimuli. The C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) is crucial for the development and maintenance of memory-like responses in murine NK cells. In humans, several subsets of tissue-resident and circulating NK cells with different functional properties express CXCR6. However, the role of CXCR6+ NK cells in immunity against relevant human pathogens is unknown. Here, we addressed whether murine and human CXCR6+ NK cells respond to antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). For this purpose, we evaluated the immunophenotype of hepatic and splenic CXCR6+ NK cells in mice exposed to a cell-wall (CW) extract of Mtb strain H37Rv. Also, we characterized the expression of CXCR6 in peripheral NK cells from active pulmonary tuberculosis (ATB) patients, individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI), and healthy volunteer donors (HD). Furthermore, we evaluated the responses of CXCR6+ NK cells from HD, LTBI, and ATB subjects to the in vitro exposure to CW preparations of Mtb H37Rv and Mtb HN878. Our results showed that murine hepatic CXCR6+ NK cells expand in vivo after consecutive administrations of Mtb H37Rv CW to mice. Remarkably, pooled hepatic and splenic, but not isolated splenic NK cells from treated mice, enhance their cytokine production capacity after an in vitro re-challenge with H37Rv CW. In humans, CXCR6+ NK cells were barely detected in the peripheral blood, although slightly significative increments in the percentage of CXCR6+, CXCR6+CD49a−, CXCR6+CD49a+, and CXCR6+CD69+ NK cells were observed in ATB patients as compared to HD and LTBI individuals. In contrast, the expansion of CXCR6+CD49a− and CXCR6+CD69+ NK cells in response to the in vitro stimulation with Mtb H37Rv was higher in LTBI individuals than in ATB patients. Finally, we found that Mtb HN878 CW generates IFN-γ-producing CXCR6+CD49a+ NK cells. Our results demonstrate that antigens of both laboratory-adapted and clinical Mtb strains are stimulating factors for murine and human CXCR6+ NK cells. Future studies evaluating the role of CXCR6+ NK cells during TB are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Armando Jiménez-Álvarez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Muñoz-Torrico
- Tuberculosis Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ramírez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Citlaltepetl Salinas-Lara
- Department of Neuropathology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Arshad T, Mansur F, Palek R, Manzoor S, Liska V. A Double Edged Sword Role of Interleukin-22 in Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2148. [PMID: 33042126 PMCID: PMC7527413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing and tissue regeneration is an intricate biological process that involves repair of cellular damage and maintenance of tissue integrity. Cascades involved in wound healing and tissue regeneration highly overlap with cancer causing pathways. Usually, subsequent tissue damage events include release of a number of cytokines to accomplish post-trauma restoration. IL-22 is one of the cytokines that are immediately produced to initiate immune response against several tissue impairments. IL-22 is a fundamental mediator in inflammation, mucous production, protective role against pathogens, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. However, accumulating evidence suggests pivotal role of IL-22 in instigation of various cancers due to its pro-inflammatory and tissue repairing activity. In this review, we summarize how healing effects of IL-22, when executed in an uncontrollable fashion can lead to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeela Arshad
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fizzah Mansur
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Richard Palek
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- Laboratory of Cancer Treatment and Tissue Regeneration, Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Laboratory of Cancer Treatment and Tissue Regeneration, Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vaclav Liska
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- Laboratory of Cancer Treatment and Tissue Regeneration, Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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19
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Howlett P, Du Bruyn E, Morrison H, Godsent IC, Wilkinson KA, Ntsekhe M, Wilkinson RJ. The immunopathogenesis of tuberculous pericarditis. Microbes Infect 2020; 22:172-181. [PMID: 32092538 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculous pericarditis is a severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and is the commonest cause of pericardial effusion in high incidence settings. Mortality ranges between 8 and 34%, and it is the leading cause of pericardial constriction in Africa and Asia. Current understanding of the disease is based on models derived from studies performed in the 1940-50s. This review summarises recent advances in the histology, microbiology and immunology of tuberculous pericarditis, with special focus on the effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the determinants of constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Howlett
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Guy Scadding Building, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
| | - Elsa Du Bruyn
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Hazel Morrison
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Build, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Isiguzo C Godsent
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Guy Scadding Building, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Katalin A Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Mpiko Ntsekhe
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
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Choreño-Parra JA, Weinstein LI, Yunis EJ, Zúñiga J, Hernández-Pando R. Thinking Outside the Box: Innate- and B Cell-Memory Responses as Novel Protective Mechanisms Against Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:226. [PMID: 32117325 PMCID: PMC7034257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is currently the deadliest infectious disease worldwide. Failure to create a highly effective vaccine has limited the control of the TB epidemic. Historically, the vaccine field has relied on the paradigm that IFN-γ-mediated CD4+ T cell memory responses are the principal correlate of protection in TB. Nonetheless, the demonstration that other cellular subsets offer protective memory responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is emerging. Among these are memory-like features of macrophages, myeloid cell precursors, natural killer (NK) cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Additionally, the dynamics of B cell memory responses have been recently characterized at different stages of the clinical spectrum of Mtb infection, suggesting a role for B cells in human TB. A better understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying such responses is crucial to better comprehend protective immunity in TB. Furthermore, targeting immune compartments other than CD4+ T cells in TB vaccine strategies may benefit a significant proportion of patients co-infected with Mtb and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Here, we summarize the memory responses of innate immune cells and B cells against Mtb and propose them as novel correlates of protection that could be harnessed in future vaccine development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - León Islas Weinstein
- Section of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edmond J Yunis
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Section of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Padhi A, Pattnaik K, Biswas M, Jagadeb M, Behera A, Sonawane A. Mycobacterium tuberculosisLprE Suppresses TLR2-Dependent Cathelicidin and Autophagy Expression to Enhance Bacterial Survival in Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2665-2678. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Paidipally P, Tripathi D, Van A, Radhakrishnan RK, Dhiman R, Venkatasubramanian S, Devalraju KP, Tvinnereim AR, Valluri VL, Vankayalapati R. Interleukin-21 Regulates Natural Killer Cell Responses During Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:1323-1333. [PMID: 29390153 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the current study, we determined the effects of interleukin (IL)-21 on human natural killer (NK) cells and monocyte responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Methods We found that Mtb stimulated CD4+ and NK T cells from healthy individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI+) are major sources of IL-21. CD4+ cells from tuberculosis patients secreted less IL-21 than did CD4+ cells from healthy LTBI+ individuals. Interleukin-21 had no direct effect on Mtb-stimulated monocytes. Results Interleukin-21-activated NK cells produced interferon (IFN)-γ, perforin, granzyme B, and granulysin; lysed Mtb-infected monocytes; and reduced Mtb growth. Interleukin-21-activated NK cells also enhanced IL-1β, IL-18, and CCL4/macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β production and reduced IL-10 production by Mtb-stimulated monocytes. Recombinant IL-21 (1) inhibited Mtb growth, (2) enhanced IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-18, and MIP-1β, and (3) reduced IL-10 expression in the lungs of Mtb-infected Rag2 knockout mice. Conclusions These findings suggest that activated T cells enhance NK cell responses to lyse Mtb-infected human monocytes and restrict Mtb growth in monocytes through IL-21 production. Interleukin-21-activated NK cells also enhance the immune response by augmenting IL-1β, IL-18, and MIP-1β production and reducing IL-10 production by monocytes in response to an intracellular pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmaja Paidipally
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler
| | - Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler
| | - Abhinav Van
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler
| | - Rajesh Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler
| | | | | | - Amy R Tvinnereim
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler
| | | | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler
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23
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Lu L, Arranz-Trullén J, Prats-Ejarque G, Pulido D, Bhakta S, Boix E. Human Antimicrobial RNases Inhibit Intracellular Bacterial Growth and Induce Autophagy in Mycobacteria-Infected Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1500. [PMID: 31312205 PMCID: PMC6614385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel treatment against tuberculosis is a priority global health challenge. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides offer a multifaceted mechanism suitable to fight bacterial resistance. Within the RNaseA superfamily there is a group of highly cationic proteins secreted by innate immune cells with anti-infective and immune-regulatory properties. In this work, we have tested the human canonical members of the RNase family using a spot-culture growth inhibition assay based mycobacteria-infected macrophage model for evaluating their anti-tubercular properties. Out of the seven tested recombinant human RNases, we have identified two members, RNase3 and RNase6, which were highly effective against Mycobacterium aurum extra- and intracellularly and induced an autophagy process. We observed the proteins internalization within macrophages and their capacity to eradicate the intracellular mycobacterial infection at a low micro-molar range. Contribution of the enzymatic activity was discarded by site-directed mutagenesis at the RNase catalytic site. The protein induction of autophagy was analyzed by RT-qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Specific blockage of auto-phagosome formation and maturation reduced the protein's ability to eradicate the infection. In addition, we found that the M. aurum infection of human THP1 macrophages modulates the expression of endogenous RNase3 and RNase6, suggesting a function in vivo. Overall, our data anticipate a biological role for human antimicrobial RNases in host response to mycobacterial infections and set the basis for the design of novel anti-tubercular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Javier Arranz-Trullén
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guillem Prats-Ejarque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - David Pulido
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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24
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Essone PN, Leboueny M, Maloupazoa Siawaya AC, Alame-Emane AK, Aboumegone Biyogo OC, Dapnet Tadatsin PH, Mveang Nzoghe A, Essamazokou DU, Mvoundza Ndjindji O, Padzys GS, Agnandji ST, Takiff H, Gicquel B, Djoba Siawaya JF. M. tuberculosis infection and antigen specific cytokine response in healthcare workers frequently exposed to tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8201. [PMID: 31160610 PMCID: PMC6547719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death due to an infectious agent, but only a small fraction of those infected develop the disease. Cytokines are involved in the mediation and regulation of immunity, and their secretion patterns may reflect the infection status. To increase our understanding of immune response to M. tuberculosis infection, we conducted a cross-sectional study investigating M. tuberculosis infection status and comparing the release profiles of cytokines GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, in community controls (CCs) and healthy healthcare workers (HCWs) highly exposed to TB. Among HCWs and CCs, the probability of latent M. tuberculosis (LTB+) infection was respectively 5.4 (p = 0.002) and 3.4 (p = 0.006) times higher in men than women. The odds ratio of LTB infection was 4 times higher among HCWs in direct contact with active TB patients than other HCW (p = 0.01). Whole blood supernatant cytokine responses to M. tuberculosis antigens showed differential pro-inflammatory responses between HCWs and CCs. CCsLTB- had higher IL-1β responses than HCWsLTB- (p = 0.002). HCWsLTB+ had significantly higher IL-8 responses to M. tuberculosis antigens than HCWsLTB- (p = 0.003) and CCsLTB- (p = 0.015). HCWsLTB+/- showed weak but positive TNF-α responses to M. tuberculosis antigen stimulation compared to CCsLTB+/- (p ≤ 0.015). Looking at T-helper (1 and 2) responses, HCWsLTB+ and CCsLTB+ had significantly higher IFN-γ and IL-2 responses compared to HCWsLTB- and CCsLTB- (p < [0.0001-0.003]). Also, TB antigen induced IL-5 secretion was significantly higher in HCWsLTB+ and CCsLTB+ than in non-infected CCsLTB- (p < [0.005-0.04]). M. tuberculosis antigen specific responses in HCWsLTB+ varied based on active TB exposure gradient. HCWsLTB+ who were highly exposed to active TB (≥3 hours per day) had significantly higher IFN-γ and IL-8 responses (p ≤ 0.02) than HCWs LTB+ not in direct contact with active TB patients. HCWsLTB+ working with active TB patients for 5 to 31 years had a significantly enhanced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, TNF-α) compared to HCWsLTB- (p < [0.0001-0.01]). Secretion of anti-inflammatory/Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-10 was also higher in HCWsLTB+ than HCWsLTB-. In conclusion, LTBI individuals controlling the M. tuberculosis infection have an enhanced TB specific Th1-cytokines/proinflammatory response combined with selected Th2 type/anti-inflammatory cytokines induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulin N Essone
- Unité de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, BP 242, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Marielle Leboueny
- Unité de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Anicet Christel Maloupazoa Siawaya
- Unité de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Amel Kévin Alame-Emane
- Unité de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Oriane Cordelia Aboumegone Biyogo
- Unité de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | | | - Amandine Mveang Nzoghe
- Unité de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Dimitri Ulrich Essamazokou
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Physiologie Faculté des Sciences, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Ofilia Mvoundza Ndjindji
- Unité de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Guy-Stéphane Padzys
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Physiologie Faculté des Sciences, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Selidji Todagbe Agnandji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, BP 242, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Howard Takiff
- Unité de Pathogenomique Mycobactérienne Intégrée, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Gicquel
- Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Joel Fleury Djoba Siawaya
- Unité de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Lambaréné, Gabon.
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25
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Burmeister AR, Marriott I. The Interleukin-10 Family of Cytokines and Their Role in the CNS. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:458. [PMID: 30542269 PMCID: PMC6277801 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident cells of the central nervous system (CNS) play an important role in detecting insults and initiating protective or sometimes detrimental host immunity. At peripheral sites, immune responses follow a biphasic course with the rapid, but transient, production of inflammatory mediators giving way to the delayed release of factors that promote resolution and repair. Within the CNS, it is well known that glial cells contribute to the onset and progression of neuroinflammation, but it is only now becoming apparent that microglia and astrocytes also play an important role in producing and responding to immunosuppressive factors that serve to limit the detrimental effects of such responses. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is generally considered to be the quintessential immunosuppressive cytokine, and its ability to resolve inflammation and promote wound repair at peripheral sites is well documented. In the present review article, we discuss the evidence for the production of IL-10 by glia, and describe the ability of CNS cells, including microglia and astrocytes, to respond to this suppressive factor. Furthermore, we review the literature for the expression of other members of the IL-10 cytokine family, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22 and IL-24, within the brain, and discuss the evidence of a role for these poorly understood cytokines in the regulation of infectious and sterile neuroinflammation. In concert, the available data indicate that glia can produce IL-10 and the related cytokines IL-19 and IL-24 in a delayed manner, and these cytokines can limit glial inflammatory responses and/or provide protection against CNS insult. However, the roles of other IL-10 family members within the CNS remain unclear, with IL-20 appearing to act as a pro-inflammatory factor, while IL-22 may play a protective role in some instances and a detrimental role in others, perhaps reflecting the pleiotropic nature of this cytokine family. What is clear is that our current understanding of the role of IL-10 and related cytokines within the CNS is limited at best, and further research is required to define the actions of this understudied family in inflammatory brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Burmeister
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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26
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de Sousa JR, Lucena Neto FD, Sotto MN, Quaresma JAS. Immunohistochemical characterization of the M4 macrophage population in leprosy skin lesions. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:576. [PMID: 30442123 PMCID: PMC6238386 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since macrophages are one of the major cell types involved in the Mycobacterium leprae immune response, roles of the M1 and M2 macrophage subpopulations have been well defined. However, the role of M4 macrophages in leprosy or other infectious diseases caused by mycobacteria has not yet been clearly characterized. This study aimed to investigate the presence and potential role of M4 macrophages in the immunopathology of leprosy. Methods We analyzed the presence of M4 macrophage markers (CD68, MRP8, MMP7, IL-6, and TNF-α) in 33 leprosy skin lesion samples from 18 patients with tuberculoid leprosy and 15 with lepromatous leprosy by immunohistochemistry. Results The M4 phenotype was more strongly expressed in patients with the lepromatous form of the disease, indicating that this subpopulation is less effective in the elimination of the bacillus and consequently is associated with the evolution to one of the multibacillary clinical forms of infection. Conclusion M4 macrophages are one of the cell types involved in the microbial response to M. leprae and probably are less effective in controlling bacillus replication, contributing to the evolution to the lepromatous form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodrigues de Sousa
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.,Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Mirian Nacagami Sotto
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil. .,Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. .,Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. .,Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, UFPA, Av. Generalíssimo Deodoro 92, Umarizal, Belém, Pará, 66055-190, Brazil.
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27
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He J, Zhang R, Shen Y, Wan C, Zeng N, Qin J, Tian P, Chen L. Diagnostic accuracy of interleukin-22 and adenosine deaminase for tuberculous pleural effusions. Curr Res Transl Med 2018; 66:103-106. [PMID: 30217555 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reliable markers for accurately diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusions (TPE) are needed. This study sought to investigate the diagnostic potential of pleural interleukin-22 (IL-22) and compare it with the performance of adenosine deaminase (ADA). METHOD This prospective study involved 49 patients with TPE and 60 patients with pleural effusion of other causes. Pleural levels of IL-22 and ADA were determined, respectively, using ELISA or an enzymatic method. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to summarize the diagnostic accuracy of single markers or marker combinations. RESULTS Levels of IL-22 in pleural effusion were significantly higher in TPE patients than in other patients (322.36 ± 406.65 vs. 83.13 ± 22.15 pg/ml, P < 0.05). With a cut-off value of 97.82 pg/ml, the diagnostic sensitivity of IL-22 for TPE was 71.42%, specificity was 81.67%, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.83. ADA levels were also increased in TPE, and its AUC for diagnosing TPE was 0.90. The combination of IL-22 and ADA enhanced diagnostic accuracy, offering sensitivity of 83.67%, specificity of 91.67%, and an AUC of 0.93. CONCLUSION IL-22 may be useful for diagnosing TPE, and combining it with ADA may further enhance diagnostic accuracy. Our results justify more rigorous studies with larger samples to confirm the diagnostic potential of IL-22 for TPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyun He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Medical Informatics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongchun Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Medical Informatics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chun Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangyue Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Panwen Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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28
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Chaurasiya SK. Tuberculosis: Smart manipulation of a lethal host. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:361-379. [PMID: 29687912 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a global threat to human health. Development of drug resistance and co-infection with HIV has increased the morbidity and mortality caused by TB. Macrophages serve as primary defense against microbial infections, including TB. Upon recognition and uptake of mycobacteria, macrophages initiate a series of events designed to lead to generation of effective immune responses and clearance of infection. However, pathogenic mycobacteria utilize multiple mechanisms for manipulating macrophage responses to protect itself from being killed and to survive within these cells that are designed to kill them. The outcomes of mycobacterial infection are determined by several host- and pathogen-related factors. Significant advancements in understanding mycobacterial pathogenesis have been made in recent years. In this review, some of the important factors/mechanisms regulating mycobacterial survival inside macrophages are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivendra K Chaurasiya
- Host-pathogen Interaction and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, MP-470003, India
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29
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Forbester JL, Lees EA, Goulding D, Forrest S, Yeung A, Speak A, Clare S, Coomber EL, Mukhopadhyay S, Kraiczy J, Schreiber F, Lawley TD, Hancock REW, Uhlig HH, Zilbauer M, Powrie F, Dougan G. Interleukin-22 promotes phagolysosomal fusion to induce protection against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium in human epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10118-10123. [PMID: 30217896 PMCID: PMC6176607 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811866115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play a key role in regulating immune responses and controlling infection. However, the direct role of IECs in restricting pathogens remains incompletely understood. Here, we provide evidence that IL-22 primed intestinal organoids derived from healthy human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) to restrict Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 infection. A combination of transcriptomics, bacterial invasion assays, and imaging suggests that IL-22-induced antimicrobial activity is driven by increased phagolysosomal fusion in IL-22-pretreated cells. The antimicrobial phenotype was absent in hIPSCs derived from a patient harboring a homozygous mutation in the IL10RB gene that inactivates the IL-22 receptor but was restored by genetically complementing the IL10RB deficiency. This study highlights a mechanism through which the IL-22 pathway facilitates the human intestinal epithelium to control microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Forbester
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom;
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Emily A Lees
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - David Goulding
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Forrest
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Yeung
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Anneliese Speak
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Eve L Coomber
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Judith Kraiczy
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda Schreiber
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor D Lawley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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30
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Ronacher K, Sinha R, Cestari M. IL-22: An Underestimated Player in Natural Resistance to Tuberculosis? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2209. [PMID: 30319650 PMCID: PMC6167461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of individuals latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) develop active tuberculosis (TB) during their lifetime. Although it is well recognized that T-helper 1 immune responses are crucial for containing latent TB infection, the full array of host factors conferring protective immunity from TB progression are not completely understood. IL-22 is produced by cells of the innate and adaptive immune system including innate lymphoid cells, and natural killer cells as well as T lymphocytes (Th1, Th17, and Th22) and binds to its cognate receptor, the IL-22R1, which is expressed on non-hematopoietic cells such as lung epithelial cells. However, recent studies suggest that Mtb induces expression of the IL-22R1 on infected macrophages and multiple studies have indicated a protective role of IL-22 in respiratory tract infections. Reduced concentrations of circulating IL-22 in active TB compared to latent TB and decreased percentages of Mtb-specific IL-22 producing T cells in TB patients compared to controls designate this cytokine as a key player in TB immunology. More recently, it has been shown that in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and TB co-morbidity serum IL-22 concentrations are further reduced compared to TB patients without co-morbidities. However, whether a causative link between low IL-22 and increased susceptibility to TB and disease severity of TB exists remains to be established. This review summarizes the contribution of IL-22, a potentially under-appreciated key player in natural resistance to TB, at the interface between the immune response to Mtb and the lung epithelium.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Resistance/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/microbiology
- Humans
- Interleukins/immunology
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Latent Tuberculosis/blood
- Latent Tuberculosis/immunology
- Latent Tuberculosis/microbiology
- Lung/cytology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/microbiology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Respiratory Mucosa/cytology
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/blood
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ronacher
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Infection, Immunity and Metabolism Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Roma Sinha
- Infection, Immunity and Metabolism Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle Cestari
- Infection, Immunity and Metabolism Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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31
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Mo R, Lai R, Lu J, Zhuang Y, Zhou T, Jiang S, Ren P, Li Z, Cao Z, Liu Y, Chen L, Xiong L, Wang P, Wang H, Cai W, Xiang X, Bao S, Xie Q. Enhanced autophagy contributes to protective effects of IL-22 against acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Theranostics 2018; 8:4170-4180. [PMID: 30128045 PMCID: PMC6096391 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute or acute-on-chronic liver failure is a leading cause of death in liver diseases without effective treatment. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. Autophagy plays a critical role in alleviating liver injury. The aim of the current study is to explore the role of autophagy in IL-22-mediated hepato-protective effect against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury. Methods: A model of acute liver injury induced by APAP was used in vivo. IL-22 was administrated to the APAP-treated mice. Hepatocytes were pre-incubated with IL-22, followed by exposure to APAP for in vitro analyses. Results: IL-22 administration significantly reduced serum ALT and AST, hepatic reactive oxygen species, and liver necrosis in APAP-challenged mice. APAP treatment increased hepatic autophagosomes, which was further intensified by IL-22 co-treatment. Hepatic LC3-II was moderately upregulated after APAP administration without obvious alteration of phosphorylation of AMP-activated kinase (p-AMPK). IL-22 pretreatment significantly upregulated hepatic LC3-II and p-AMPK in APAP-treated mice. IL-22 also alleviated APAP-induced cytotoxicity and upregulated LC3-II and p-AMPK expression in cultured hepatocytes treated with APAP in vitro. When p-AMPK was blocked with compound C (an AMPK inhibitor), IL-22-mediated LC3-II conversion and protection against APAP-induced cytotoxicity was weakened. Conclusions: Enhanced AMPK-dependent autophagy contributes to protective effects of IL-22 against APAP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidong Mo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongtao Lai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhui Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaowen Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqiang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhujun Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lichang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifu Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shisan Bao
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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32
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Park HE, Park HT, Jung YH, Yoo HS. Gene expression profiles of immune-regulatory genes in whole blood of cattle with a subclinical infection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196502. [PMID: 29698503 PMCID: PMC5919679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Johne’s disease is a chronic wasting disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), resulting in inflammation of intestines and persistent diarrhea. The initial host response against MAP infections is mainly regulated by the Th1 response, which is characterized by the production of IFN-γ. With the progression of disease, MAP can survive in the host through the evasion of the host’s immune response by manipulating the host immune response. However, the host response during subclinical phases has not been fully understood. Immune regulatory genes, including Th17-derived cytokines, interferon regulatory factors, and calcium signaling-associated genes, are hypothesized to play an important role during subclinical phases of Johne’s disease. Therefore, the present study was conducted to analyze the expression profiles of immune regulatory genes during MAP infection in whole blood. Different expression patterns of genes were identified depending on the infection stages. Downregulation of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-26, HMGB1, and IRF4 and upregulation of PIP5K1C indicate suppression of the Th1 response due to MAP infection and loss of granuloma integrity. In addition, increased expression of IRF5 and IRF7 suggest activation of IFN-α/β signaling during subclinical stages, which induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase mediated depletion of tryptophan metabolism. Increased expression of CORO1A indicate modulation of calcium signaling, which enhanced the survival of MAP. Taken together, distinct host gene expression induced by MAP infection indicates enhanced survival of MAP during subclinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Eui Park
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Tae Park
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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33
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Singh S, Maniakis‐Grivas G, Singh UK, Asher RM, Mauri F, Elkington PT, Friedland JS. Interleukin-17 regulates matrix metalloproteinase activity in human pulmonary tuberculosis. J Pathol 2018; 244:311-322. [PMID: 29210073 PMCID: PMC5838784 DOI: 10.1002/path.5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is characterized by extensive pulmonary matrix breakdown. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is key in host defence in TB but its role in TB-driven tissue damage is unknown. We investigated the hypothesis that respiratory stromal cell matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production in TB is regulated by T-helper 17 (TH -17) cytokines. Biopsies of patients with pulmonary TB were analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and patient bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) MMP and cytokine concentrations were measured by Luminex assays. Primary human airway epithelial cells were stimulated with conditioned medium from human monocytes infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and TH -17 cytokines. MMP secretion, activity, and gene expression were determined by ELISA, Luminex assay, zymography, RT-qPCR, and dual luciferase reporter assays. Signalling pathways were examined using phospho-western analysis and siRNA. IL-17 is expressed in TB patient granulomas and MMP-3 is expressed in adjacent pulmonary epithelial cells. IL-17 had a divergent, concentration-dependent effect on MMP secretion, increasing epithelial secretion of MMP-3 (p < 0.001) over 72 h, whilst decreasing that of MMP-9 (p < 0.0001); mRNA levels were similarly affected. Both IL-17 and IL-22 increased fibroblast Mtb-dependent MMP-3 secretion but IL-22 did not modulate epithelial MMP-3 expression. Both IL-17 and IL-22, but not IL-23, were significantly up-regulated in BALF from TB patients. IL-17-driven MMP-3 was dependent on p38 MAP kinase and the PI3K p110α subunit. In summary, IL-17 drives airway stromal cell-derived MMP-3, a mediator of tissue destruction in TB, alone and with monocyte-dependent networks in TB. This is regulated by p38 MAP kinase and PI3K pathways. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Singh
- Infectious Diseases and ImmunityImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | | | - Utpal K Singh
- Tuberculosis Unit, Department of MedicineNalanda University HospitalsAgam KuanPatnaIndia
| | - Radha M Asher
- Infectious Diseases and ImmunityImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Francesco Mauri
- Department of Histopathology, Hammersmith HospitalsImperial College LondonUK
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34
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Arranz-Trullén J, Lu L, Pulido D, Bhakta S, Boix E. Host Antimicrobial Peptides: The Promise of New Treatment Strategies against Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1499. [PMID: 29163551 PMCID: PMC5681943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a devastating infectious disease and remerges as a global health emergency due to an alarming rise of antimicrobial resistance to its treatment. Despite of the serious effort that has been applied to develop effective antitubercular chemotherapies, the potential of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) remains underexploited. A large amount of literature is now accessible on the AMP mechanisms of action against a diversity of pathogens; nevertheless, research on their activity on mycobacteria is still scarce. In particular, there is an urgent need to integrate all available interdisciplinary strategies to eradicate extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. In this context, we should not underestimate our endogenous antimicrobial proteins and peptides as ancient players of the human host defense system. We are confident that novel antibiotics based on human AMPs displaying a rapid and multifaceted mechanism, with reduced toxicity, should significantly contribute to reverse the tide of antimycobacterial drug resistance. In this review, we have provided an up to date perspective of the current research on AMPs to be applied in the fight against TB. A better understanding on the mechanisms of action of human endogenous peptides should ensure the basis for the best guided design of novel antitubercular chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Arranz-Trullén
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lu Lu
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - David Pulido
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ester Boix
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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35
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Coulter F, Parrish A, Manning D, Kampmann B, Mendy J, Garand M, Lewinsohn DM, Riley EM, Sutherland JS. IL-17 Production from T Helper 17, Mucosal-Associated Invariant T, and γδ Cells in Tuberculosis Infection and Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1252. [PMID: 29075255 PMCID: PMC5641565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-17-producing cells have been shown to be important in the early stages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in animal models. However, there are very little data on the role of IL-17 in human studies of tuberculosis (TB). We recruited TB patients and their highly exposed contacts who were further categorized based on results from an IFN-γ-release assay (IGRA): (1) IGRA positive (IGRA+) at recruitment (latently TB infected), (2) IGRA negative (IGRA-) at recruitment and 6 months [non-converters (NC)], and (3) IGRA- at recruitment and IGRA+ at 6 months (converters). Whole blood was stimulated with mycobacterial antigens and analyzed using T helper (Th) 17 multiplex cytokine assays. Th17, Vγ9Vδ2+, and CD161++Vα7.2+ mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The majority of IL-17 was produced by CD26+CD4+ Th17 cells (median 71%) followed by γδ T cells (6.4%) and MAIT cells (5.8%). TB patients had a significantly lower proportion of Th17 cells and CD4+CD161+Vα7.2+ cells producing both IL-17 and IFN-γ compared to LTBI subjects. IGRA NC had significantly lower levels of CD26-CD4+ and CD8+ MAIT cells producing IL-17 compared to IGRA C but had significantly higher levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-23 in ESAT-6/CFP-10-stimulated supernatants compared to IGRA C. These data provide new insights into the role of IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells at three key stages of the Mtb infection spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Coulter
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Banjul, Gambia
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Parrish
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Banjul, Gambia
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Manning
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Banjul, Gambia
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Joseph Mendy
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Mathieu Garand
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Banjul, Gambia
| | - David M. Lewinsohn
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Portland VA Medical Center and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Eleanor M. Riley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Choreño Parra JA, Martínez Zúñiga N, Jiménez Zamudio LA, Jiménez Álvarez LA, Salinas Lara C, Zúñiga J. Memory of Natural Killer Cells: A New Chance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis? Front Immunol 2017; 8:967. [PMID: 28855906 PMCID: PMC5558047 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system, which play an important role in the initial defense against a wide variety of pathogens, including viruses and intracellular bacteria. NK cells produce cytokines that enhance immune responses directed toward pathogens and also exert cytotoxic activity against infected cells, thereby eliminating the reservoir of infection. Their role in defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has been recently studied, and there is increasing evidence that highlight the importance of NK cell function during pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), especially in the absence of optimal T-cell responses. Additionally, in the last years, it has been observed that NK cells mediate secondary responses against antigens to which they were previously exposed, an ability classically attributed to lymphocytes of the adaptive branch of immunity. This phenomenon, called “innate memory,” could have important implications in the efforts to develop therapies and vaccines to improve the initial phases of immune reactions against different microorganisms, especially those to which there is not yet available vaccines to prevent infection, as is the case for tuberculosis. Therefore, the possibility of inducing memory-like NK cells ready to act prior to contact with Mtb or during the earliest stages of infection becomes quite interesting. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of innate memory remains incomplete. Here, we review recent literature about the mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of NK cell memory and the role of these cells in the immune response during tuberculosis. Finally, we discuss if the current evidence is sufficient to substantiate that NK cells exert more rapid and robust secondary responses after consecutive encounters with Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto Choreño Parra
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology I, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nayeli Martínez Zúñiga
- Brain Bank, Department of National Laboratories of Experimental Services, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Antonio Jiménez Zamudio
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology I, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Armando Jiménez Álvarez
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Citlaltepetl Salinas Lara
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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37
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Treerat P, Prince O, Cruz-Lagunas A, Muñoz-Torrico M, Salazar-Lezama MÁ, Selman M, Fallert-Junecko B, Reinhardt T, Alcorn JF, Kaushal D, Zuñiga J, Rangel-Moreno J, Kolls JK, Khader SA. Novel role for IL-22 in protection during chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis HN878 infection. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1069-1081. [PMID: 28247861 PMCID: PMC5477058 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 2 billion people are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), resulting in 1.4 million deaths every year. Among Mtb-infected individuals, clinical isolates belonging to the W-Beijing lineage are increasingly prevalent, associated with drug resistance, and cause severe disease immunopathology in animal models. Therefore, it is exceedingly important to identify the immune mechanisms that mediate protection against rapidly emerging Mtb strains, such as W-Beijing lineage. IL-22 is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines with both protective and pathological functions at mucosal surfaces. Thus far, collective data show that IL-22 deficient mice are not more susceptible to aerosolized infection with less virulent Mtb strains. Thus, in this study we addressed the functional role for the IL-22 pathway in immunity to emerging Mtb isolates, using W-Beijing lineage member, Mtb HN878 as a prototype. We show that Mtb HN878 stimulates IL-22 production in TLR2 dependent manner and IL-22 mediates protective immunity during chronic stages of Mtb HN878 infection in mice. Interestingly, IL-22-dependent pathways in both epithelial cells and macrophages mediate protective mechanisms for Mtb HN878 control. Thus, our results project a new protective role for IL-22 in emerging Mtb infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puthayalai Treerat
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Oliver Prince
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Lagunas
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Muñoz-Torrico
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Moises Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beth Fallert-Junecko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Todd Reinhardt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John F. Alcorn
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Divisions of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Centre, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Joaquin Zuñiga
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Centre, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shabaana A. Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Guo M, Xian QY, Rao Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Huang ZX, Wang X, Bao R, Zhou L, Liu JB, Tang ZJ, Guo DY, Qin C, Li JL, Ho WZ. SIV Infection Facilitates Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of Rhesus Macaques. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2174. [PMID: 28133458 PMCID: PMC5233680 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common opportunistic infection and the leading cause of death for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Thus, it is necessary to understand the pathogenetic interactions between M.tb and HIV infection. In this study, we examined M.tb and/or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of Chinese rhesus macaques. While there was little evidence that M.tb enhanced SIV infection of macaques, SIV could facilitate M.tb infection as demonstrated by X-rays, pathological and microbiological findings. Chest X-rays showed that co-infected animals had disseminated lesions in both left and right lungs, while M.tb mono-infected animals displayed the lesions only in right lungs. Necropsy of co-infected animals revealed a disseminated M.tb infection not only in the lungs but also in the extrapulmonary organs including spleen, pancreas, liver, kidney, and heart. The bacterial counts in the lungs, the bronchial lymph nodes, and the extrapulmonary organs of co-infected animals were significantly higher than those of M.tb mono-infected animals. The mechanistic studies demonstrated that two of three co-infected animals had lower levels of M.tb specific IFN-γ and IL-22 in PBMCs than M.tb mono-infected animals. These findings suggest that Chinese rhesus macaque is a suitable and alternative non-human primate model for SIV/M.tb coinfection studies. The impairment of the specific anti-TB immunity is likely to be a contributor of SIV-mediated enhancement M.tb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiao-Yang Xian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Rao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Bao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin-Biao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Jiao Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - De-Yin Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Jie-Liang Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen-Zhe Ho
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
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Domingo-Gonzalez R, Prince O, Cooper A, Khader SA. Cytokines and Chemokines in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2016; 4:10.1128/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0018-2016. [PMID: 27763255 PMCID: PMC5205539 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.tbtb2-0018-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and cytokines are critical for initiating and coordinating the organized and sequential recruitment and activation of cells into Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected lungs. Correct mononuclear cellular recruitment and localization are essential to ensure control of bacterial growth without the development of diffuse and damaging granulocytic inflammation. An important block to our understanding of TB pathogenesis lies in dissecting the critical aspects of the cytokine/chemokine interplay in light of the conditional role these molecules play throughout infection and disease development. Much of the data highlighted in this review appears at first glance to be contradictory, but it is the balance between the cytokines and chemokines that is critical, and the "goldilocks" (not too much and not too little) phenomenon is paramount in any discussion of the role of these molecules in TB. Determination of how the key chemokines/cytokines and their receptors are balanced and how the loss of that balance can promote disease is vital to understanding TB pathogenesis and to identifying novel therapies for effective eradication of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Prince
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Andrea Cooper
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
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Realegeno S, Kelly-Scumpia KM, Dang AT, Lu J, Teles R, Liu PT, Schenk M, Lee EY, Schmidt NW, Wong GCL, Sarno EN, Rea TH, Ochoa MT, Pellegrini M, Modlin RL. S100A12 Is Part of the Antimicrobial Network against Mycobacterium leprae in Human Macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005705. [PMID: 27355424 PMCID: PMC4927120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triggering antimicrobial mechanisms in macrophages infected with intracellular pathogens, such as mycobacteria, is critical to host defense against the infection. To uncover the unique and shared antimicrobial networks induced by the innate and adaptive immune systems, gene expression profiles generated by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) from human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) activated with TLR2/1 ligand (TLR2/1L) or IFN-γ were analyzed. Weighed gene correlation network analysis identified modules of genes strongly correlated with TLR2/1L or IFN-γ that were linked by the “defense response” gene ontology term. The common TLR2/1L and IFN-γ inducible human macrophage host defense network contained 16 antimicrobial response genes, including S100A12, which was one of the most highly induced genes by TLR2/1L. There is limited information on the role of S100A12 in infectious disease, leading us to test the hypothesis that S100A12 contributes to host defense against mycobacterial infection in humans. We show that S100A12 is sufficient to directly kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. We also demonstrate that S100A12 is required for TLR2/1L and IFN-γ induced antimicrobial activity against M. leprae in infected macrophages. At the site of disease in leprosy, we found that S100A12 was more strongly expressed in skin lesions from tuberculoid leprosy (T-lep), the self-limiting form of the disease, compared to lepromatous leprosy (L-lep), the progressive form of the disease. These data suggest that S100A12 is part of an innate and adaptive inducible antimicrobial network that contributes to host defense against mycobacteria in infected macrophages. Macrophage antimicrobial activity induced by innate and adaptive immune stimuli is crucial for controlling infection against intracellular pathogens. In order to characterize host defense pathways, we activated human macrophages with innate and adaptive immune stimuli known to induce antimicrobial activity against mycobacteria, identifying a set of 16 antimicrobial response genes. One of these, S100A12, is present in humans, but not mice, has limited studies in infectious disease. By studying leprosy as a model, we found that expression of S100A12 was greater in skin lesions from patients with the self-limiting versus the progressive form of the disease. Furthermore, we show that S100A12 is sufficient to kill mycobacteria and is required for decreasing the relative viability of M. leprae in infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Realegeno
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kindra M. Kelly-Scumpia
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Angeline Tilly Dang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rosane Teles
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Philip T. Liu
- UCLA/Orthopedic Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mirjam Schenk
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ernest Y. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nathan W. Schmidt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gerard C. L. Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Euzenir N. Sarno
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thomas H. Rea
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Maria T. Ochoa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Modlin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Graves AJ, Hokey DA. Tuberculosis vaccine development: Shifting focus amid increasing development challenges. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1910-6. [PMID: 26125249 PMCID: PMC4635864 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1040955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A new tuberculosis vaccine is needed to replace or enhance BCG, which induces variable protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis pulmonary infections in adults. Development of new TB vaccine candidates is severely hampered by the lack of a correlate of immunity, unproven animal models, and limited funding opportunities. One candidate, MVA85A, recently failed to meet its efficacy endpoint goals despite promising early-phase trial data. As a result, some in the field believe we should now shift our focus away from product development and toward a research-oriented approach. Here, we outline our suggestions for this research-oriented strategy including diversification of the candidate pipeline, expanding measurements of immunity, improving pre-clinical animal models, and investing in combination pre-clinical/experimental medicine studies. As with any evolution, this change in strategy comes at a cost but may also represent an opportunity for advancing the field.
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42
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Perusina Lanfranca M, Lin Y, Fang J, Zou W, Frankel T. Biological and pathological activities of interleukin-22. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:523-34. [PMID: 26923718 PMCID: PMC4860114 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22, a member of the IL-10 family, is a cytokine secreted by several types of immune cells including IL-22(+)CD4(+) T cells (Th22) and IL-22 expressing innate leukocytes (ILC22). Recent studies have demonstrated that IL-22 is a key component in mucosal barrier defense, tissue repair, epithelial cell survival, and proliferation. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has defined both protective and pathogenic properties of IL-22 in a number of conditions including autoimmune disease, infection, and malignancy. In this review, we summarize the expression and signaling pathway and functional characteristics of the IL-22 and IL-22 receptor axis in physiological and pathological scenarios and discuss the potential to target IL-22 signaling to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Perusina Lanfranca
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yanwei Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Graduate Programs in Immunology and Tumor Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Timothy Frankel
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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43
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Abdalla AE, Lambert N, Duan X, Xie J. Interleukin-10 Family and Tuberculosis: An Old Story Renewed. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:710-7. [PMID: 27194948 PMCID: PMC4870714 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-10 (IL-10) family of cytokines consists of six immune mediators, namely IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. IL-10, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26 are critical for the regulation of host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Specifically, IL-10 and IL-26 can suppress the antimycobacterial immunity and promote the survival of pathogen, while IL-22 and IL-24 can generate protective responses and inhibit the intracellular growth of pathogen. Knowledge about the new players in tuberculosis immunology, namely IL-10 family, can inform novel immunity-based countermeasures and host directed therapies against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla
- 1. Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- 2. Department of Clinical Microbiology, College of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nzungize Lambert
- 1. Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiangke Duan
- 1. Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- 1. Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
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Flannagan RS, Heit B, Heinrichs DE. Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Macrophages and the Immune Evasion Strategies of Staphylococcus aureus. Pathogens 2015; 4:826-68. [PMID: 26633519 PMCID: PMC4693167 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens4040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitually professional phagocytes, including macrophages, eradicate microbial invaders from the human body without overt signs of infection. Despite this, there exist select bacteria that are professional pathogens, causing significant morbidity and mortality across the globe and Staphylococcus aureus is no exception. S. aureus is a highly successful pathogen that can infect virtually every tissue that comprises the human body causing a broad spectrum of diseases. The profound pathogenic capacity of S. aureus can be attributed, in part, to its ability to elaborate a profusion of bacterial effectors that circumvent host immunity. Macrophages are important professional phagocytes that contribute to both the innate and adaptive immune response, however from in vitro and in vivo studies, it is evident that they fail to eradicate S. aureus. This review provides an overview of the antimicrobial mechanisms employed by macrophages to combat bacteria and describes the immune evasion strategies and some representative effectors that enable S. aureus to evade macrophage-mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Flannagan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Centre for Human Immunology, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - David E Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Centre for Human Immunology, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
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45
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Ronacher K, Joosten SA, van Crevel R, Dockrell HM, Walzl G, Ottenhoff THM. Acquired immunodeficiencies and tuberculosis: focus on HIV/AIDS and diabetes mellitus. Immunol Rev 2015; 264:121-37. [PMID: 25703556 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection within Africa led to marked increases in numbers of cases of tuberculosis (TB), and although the epidemic peaked in 2006, there were still 1.8 million new cases in 2013, with 29.2 million prevalent cases. Half of all TB cases in Africa are in those with HIV co-infection. A brief review of the well-documented main immunological mechanisms of HIV-associated increased susceptibility to TB is presented. However, a new threat is facing TB control, which presents itself in the form of a rapid increase in the number of people living with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in areas that are already hardest hit by the TB epidemic. T2DM increases susceptibility to TB threefold, and the TB burden attributable to T2DM is 15%. This review addresses the much smaller body of research information available on T2DM-TB, compared to HIV-TB comorbidity. We discuss the altered clinical presentation of TB in the context of T2DM comorbidity, changes in innate and adaptive immune responses, including lymphocyte subsets and T-cell phenotypes, the effect of treatment of the different comorbidities, changes in biomarker expression and genetic predisposition to the respective morbidities, and other factors affecting the comorbidity. Although significant gains have been made in improving our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of T2DM-associated increased susceptibility, knowledge gaps still exist that require urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ronacher
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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46
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Dorhoi A, Kaufmann SHE. Versatile myeloid cell subsets contribute to tuberculosis-associated inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2191-202. [PMID: 26140356 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), typically affects the lung and causes profound morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Recent advances in cellular immunology emphasize the complexity of myeloid cell subsets controlling TB inflammation. The specialization of myeloid cell subsets for particular immune processes has tailored their roles in protection and pathology. Among myeloid cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the induction of adaptive immunity, macrophages predominantly harbor Mtb within TB granulomas and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) orchestrate lung damage. However, within each myeloid cell population, diverse phenotypes with unique functions are currently recognized, differentially influencing TB pneumonia and granuloma functionality. More recently, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been identified at the site of Mtb infection. Along with PMNs, MDSCs accumulate within the inflamed lung, interact with granuloma-residing cells and contribute to exuberant inflammation. In this review, we discuss the contribution of different myeloid cell subsets to inflammation in TB by highlighting their interactions with Mtb and their role in lung pathology. Uncovering the manifold nature of myeloid cells in TB pathogenesis will inform the development of future immune therapies aimed at tipping the inflammation balance to the benefit of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Dorhoi
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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47
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Riccomi A, Palma C. B Cells and Programmed Death-Ligand 2 Signaling Are Required for Maximal Interferon-γ Recall Response by Splenic CD4⁺ Memory T Cells of Mice Vaccinated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag85B. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137783. [PMID: 26379242 PMCID: PMC4574766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells producing interferon-γ are crucial for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and are the cornerstone of tuberculosis vaccination and immunological diagnostic assays. Since emerging evidence indicates that B cells can modulate T cell responses to M. tuberculosis infection, we investigated the contribution of B cells in regulating interferon-γ recall response by memory Thelper1 cells specific for Ag85B, a leading candidate for tuberculosis sub-unit vaccines. We found that B cells were able to maximize the reactivation of CD4+ memory T cells and the interferon-γ response against ex vivo antigen recall in spleens of mice vaccinated with Ag85B. B cell-mediated increase of interferon-γ response was particular evident for high interferon-γ producer CD4+ memory T cells, likely because those T cells were required for triggering and amplification of B cell activation. A positive-feedback loop of mutual activation between B cells, not necessarily antigen-experienced but with integral phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway and a peculiar interferon-γ-producing CD4highT cell subset was established. Programed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2), expressed both on B and the highly activated CD4high T cells, contributed to the increase of interferon-γ recall response through a PD1-independent pathway. In B cell-deficient mice, interferon-γ production and activation of Ag85B-specific CD4+ T cells were blunted against ex vivo antigen recall but these responses could be restored by adding B cells. On the other hand, B cells appeared to down-regulate interleukin-22 recall response. Our data point out that nature of antigen presenting cells determines quality and size of T cell cytokine recall responses. Thus, antigen presenting cells, including B cells, deserve to be considered for a better prediction of cytokine responses by peripheral memory T cells specific for M. tuberculosis antigens. We also invite to consider B cells, PD-L2 and PI3K as potential targets for therapeutic modulation of T cell cytokine responses for tuberculosis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Riccomi
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Palma
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Lee MR, Tsai CJ, Wang WJ, Chuang TY, Yang CM, Chang LY, Lin CK, Wang JY, Shu CC, Lee LN, Yu CJ. Plasma Biomarkers Can Predict Treatment Response in Tuberculosis Patients: A Prospective Observational Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1628. [PMID: 26426648 PMCID: PMC4616826 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies, there has been little progress in the use of biomarkers for predicting treatment response in patients with tuberculosis (TB). Patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB between 2010 and 2014 were prospectively recruited. Blood samples were taken upon diagnosis and 2 months after the start of standard anti-TB treatment. A pilot study utilizing measurement of TB-antigen-stimulated cytokines was conducted to select potential biomarkers for further testing. Outcome was defined as persistent culture positivity at 2 months into treatment. Of 167 enrolled patients, 26 had persistent culture positivity. RANTES, IL-22, MMP-8, IL-18, MIG, and Granzyme A were selected as potential biomarkers. For predicting persistent culture positivity, receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis showed that initial RANTES (AUC: 0.725 [0.624-0.827]) and 2-month MMP-8 (AUC: 0.632 [0.512-0.713]) had good discriminative ability. Using a logistic regression model, low initial RANTES level (< 440 pg/mL), initial smear positivity, and high 2-month MMP-8 level (> 3000 pg/mL) were associated with persistent culture positivity. Low initial RANTES level and initial smear positivity had a positive predictive value of 60% (12/20) for persistent culture positivity, compared with 4% (3/75) among patients with high RANTES level and smear negativity upon diagnosis. In the 72 patients with either low RANTES/smear negativity or high RANTES/smear positivity upon diagnosis, the 2-month MMP-8 level had a positive and negative predictive value of 24 and 94%, respectively, for 2-month culture status. Aside from an initial sputum smear status, serum RANTES level at diagnosis and MMP-8 level at 2 months of treatment may be used to stratify risk for culture persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Rui Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu City, Taiwan (M-RL, L-YC, C-KL); Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (M-RL, L-YC, C-KL, J-YW, L-NL, C-JY); Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University (M-RL); Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan (C-JT, W-JW, T-YC); Department of Laboratory, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu (C-MY); Department of Traumatology (C-CS); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (L-NL)
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Zhang X, Ai F, Li X, She X, Li N, Tang A, Qin Z, Ye Q, Tian L, Li G, Shen S, Ma J. Inflammation-induced S100A8 activates Id3 and promotes colorectal tumorigenesis. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2803-14. [PMID: 26135667 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of S100A8 and S100A9 is linked to nonresolving inflammation and ultimately to carcinogenesis, whereas the underlying mechanism that allows inflammation to progress to specific cancer types remains unknown. Here, we report that S100A8 was induced by inflammation and then promoted colorectal tumorigenesis downstream by activating Id3 (inhibitor of differentiation 3). Using gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry, we found that both S100A8 and S100A9 were upregulated in the chemically-induced colitis-associated cancer mouse model and in human colorectal cancer specimens. Furthermore, we showed that S100A8 and S100A9 acted as chemoattractant proteins by recruiting macrophages, promoting the proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cell, as well as spurring the cycle that culminates in the acceleration of cancer metastasis in a nude mouse model. S100A8 regulated colon cancer cell cycle and proliferation by inducing Id3 expression while inhibiting p21. Id3 expression was regulated by Smad5, which was directly phosphorylated by Akt1. Our study revealed a novel mechanism in which inflammation-induced S100A8 promoted colorectal tumorigenesis by acting upstream to activate the Akt1-Smad5-Id3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Feiyan Ai
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling She
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Anliu Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Zailong Qin
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Qiurong Ye
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Shourong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
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Abstract
Macrophages and neutrophils play a decisive role in host responses to intracellular bacteria including the agent of tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis as they represent the forefront of innate immune defense against bacterial invaders. At the same time, these phagocytes are also primary targets of intracellular bacteria to be abused as host cells. Their efficacy to contain and eliminate intracellular M. tuberculosis decides whether a patient initially becomes infected or not. However, when the infection becomes chronic or even latent (as in the case of TB) despite development of specific immune activation, phagocytes have also important effector functions. Macrophages have evolved a myriad of defense strategies to combat infection with intracellular bacteria such as M. tuberculosis. These include induction of toxic anti-microbial effectors such as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates, the stimulation of microbe intoxication mechanisms via acidification or metal accumulation in the phagolysosome, the restriction of the microbe's access to essential nutrients such as iron, fatty acids, or amino acids, the production of anti-microbial peptides and cytokines, along with induction of autophagy and efferocytosis to eliminate the pathogen. On the other hand, M. tuberculosis, as a prime example of a well-adapted facultative intracellular bacterium, has learned during evolution to counter-balance the host's immune defense strategies to secure survival or multiplication within this otherwise hostile environment. This review provides an overview of innate immune defense of macrophages directed against intracellular bacteria with a focus on M. tuberculosis. Gaining more insights and knowledge into this complex network of host-pathogen interaction will identify novel target sites of intervention to successfully clear infection at a time of rapidly emerging multi-resistance of M. tuberculosis against conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Disease, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Cellular Microbiology, Priority Area Infections, Research Center BorstelBorstel, Germany
- Department of Immunology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon, UK
- German Centre of Infection Research, TTU-TBBorstel, Germany
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