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Rodriguez-Marino N, Royer CJ, Rivera-Rodriguez DE, Seto E, Gracien I, Jones RM, Scharer CD, Gracz AD, Cervantes-Barragan L. Dietary fiber promotes antigen presentation on intestinal epithelial cells and development of small intestinal CD4 +CD8αα + intraepithelial T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00092-8. [PMID: 39244090 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The impact of dietary fiber on intestinal T cell development is poorly understood. Here we show that a low fiber diet reduces MHC-II antigen presentation by small intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and consequently impairs development of CD4+CD8αα+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (DP IELs) through changes to the microbiota. Dietary fiber supports colonization by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria (SFB), which induces the secretion of IFNγ by type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) that lead to MHC-II upregulation on IECs. IEC MHC-II expression caused either by SFB colonization or exogenous IFNγ administration induced differentiation of DP IELs. Finally, we show that a low fiber diet promotes overgrowth of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, and that oral administration of B. pseudolongum reduces SFB abundance in the small intestine. Collectively we highlight the importance of dietary fiber in maintaining the balance among microbiota members that allow IEC MHC-II antigen presentation and define a mechanism of microbiota-ILC-IEC interactions participating in the development of intestinal intraepithelial T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Rodriguez-Marino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Charlotte J Royer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Current affiliation. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dormarie E Rivera-Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Emory Vaccine Center, , Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, , Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Emma Seto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Isabelle Gracien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rheinallt M Jones
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, , Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Emory Vaccine Center, , Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Adam D Gracz
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Luisa Cervantes-Barragan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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2
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Kim YC, Sohn KH, Kang HR. Gut microbiota dysbiosis and its impact on asthma and other lung diseases: potential therapeutic approaches. Korean J Intern Med 2024; 39:746-758. [PMID: 39252487 PMCID: PMC11384250 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2023.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of gut-lung axis research has revealed a complex interplay between the gut microbiota and respiratory health, particularly in asthma. This review comprehensively explored the intricate relationship between these two systems, focusing on their influence on immune responses, inflammation, and the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiosis can contribute to asthma onset and exacerbation, prompting investigations into therapeutic strategies to correct this imbalance. Probiotics and prebiotics, known for their ability to modulate gut microbial compositions, were discussed as potential interventions to restore immune homeostasis. The impact of antibiotics and metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids produced by the gut microbiota, on immune regulation was examined. Fecal microbiota transplantation has shown promise in various diseases, but its role in respiratory disorders is not established. Innovative approaches, including mucus transplants, inhaled probiotics, and microencapsulation strategies, have been proposed as novel therapeutic avenues. Despite challenges, including the sophisticated adaptability of microbial communities and the need for mechanistic clarity, the potential for microbiota-based interventions is considerable. Collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and other experts is essential to unravel the complexities of the gut-lung axis, paving a way for innovative strategies that could transform the management of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chan Kim
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hee Sohn
- Division of Respiratory, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Delgado-Ocaña S, Cuesta S. From microbes to mind: germ-free models in neuropsychiatric research. mBio 2024:e0207524. [PMID: 39207144 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02075-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut-microbiota-brain axis refers to the bidirectional communication system between the gut, its microbial community, and the brain. This interaction involves a complex interplay of neural pathways, chemical transmitters, and immunological mechanisms. Germ-free animal models have been extensively employed to investigate gut-microbiota-brain interactions, significantly contributing to our current understanding of the role of intestinal microbes in brain function. However, despite the many benefits, this absence of microbiota is not futile. Germ-free animals present physiological and neurodevelopmental alterations that can persist even after reconstitution with normal microbiota. Therefore, the main goal of this minireview is to discuss how some of the inherent limitations of this model can interfere with the conclusion obtained when using these animals to study the complex nature of neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, we examine the inclusion and use of antibiotic-based treatments as an alternative in the research of gut-brain interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Delgado-Ocaña
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Santiago Cuesta
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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4
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Martínez-Renau E, Martín-Platero AM, Bodawatta KH, Martín-Vivaldi M, Martínez-Bueno M, Poulsen M, Soler JJ. Social environment influences microbiota and potentially pathogenic bacterial communities on the skin of developing birds. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:47. [PMID: 39148142 PMCID: PMC11325624 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal bacterial symbionts are established early in life, either through vertical transmission and/or by horizontal transmission from both the physical and the social environment, such as direct contact with con- or heterospecifics. The social environment particularly can influence the acquisition of both mutualistic and pathogenic bacteria, with consequences for the stability of symbiotic communities. However, segregating the effects of the shared physical environment from those of the social interactions is challenging, limiting our current knowledge on the role of the social environment in structuring bacterial communities in wild animals. Here, we take advantage of the avian brood-parasite system of Eurasian magpies (Pica pica) and great spotted cuckoos (Clamator glandarius) to explore how the interspecific social environment (magpie nestlings developing with or without heterospecifics) affects bacterial communities on uropygial gland skin. RESULTS We demonstrated interspecific differences in bacterial community compositions in members of the two species when growing up in monospecific nests. However, the bacterial community of magpies in heterospecific nests was richer, more diverse, and more similar to their cuckoo nest-mates than when growing up in monospecific nests. These patterns were alike for the subset of microbes that could be considered core, but when looking at the subset of potentially pathogenic bacterial genera, cuckoo presence reduced the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacterial genera on magpies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the role of social interactions in shaping the assembly of the avian skin bacterial communities during the nestling period, as exemplified in a brood parasite-host system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Martínez-Renau
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), 04120, Almería, Spain.
| | - Antonio M Martín-Platero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Unidad Asociada (CSIC): Coevolución: Cucos, Hospedadores y Bacterias Simbiontes, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Kasun H Bodawatta
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manuel Martín-Vivaldi
- Unidad Asociada (CSIC): Coevolución: Cucos, Hospedadores y Bacterias Simbiontes, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Unidad Asociada (CSIC): Coevolución: Cucos, Hospedadores y Bacterias Simbiontes, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Michael Poulsen
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juan José Soler
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), 04120, Almería, Spain.
- Unidad Asociada (CSIC): Coevolución: Cucos, Hospedadores y Bacterias Simbiontes, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Pan P, Wang Y, Nyirenda MH, Saiyed Z, Karimian Azari E, Sunderman A, Milling S, Harnett MM, Pineda M. Undenatured type II collagen protects against collagen-induced arthritis by restoring gut-joint homeostasis and immunity. Commun Biol 2024; 7:804. [PMID: 38961129 PMCID: PMC11222443 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of harmless antigens can induce suppression of reactive immune responses, a process that capitalises on the ability of the gastrointestinal tract to tolerate exposure to food and commensal microbiome without triggering inflammatory responses. Repeating exposure to type II collagen induces oral tolerance and inhibits induction of arthritis, a chronic inflammatory joint condition. Although some mechanisms underlying oral tolerance are described, how dysregulation of gut immune networks impacts on inflammation of distant tissues like the joints is unclear. We used undenatured type II collagen in a prophylactic regime -7.33 mg/kg three times/week- to describe the mechanisms associated with protective oral immune-therapy (OIT) in gut and joint during experimental Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA). OIT reduced disease incidence to 50%, with reduced expression of IL-17 and IL-22 in the joints of asymptomatic mice. Moreover, whilst the gut tissue of arthritic mice shows substantial damage and activation of tissue-specific immune networks, oral administration of undenatured type II collagen protects against gut pathology in all mice, symptomatic and asymptomatic, rewiring IL-17/IL-22 networks. Furthermore, gut fucosylation and microbiome composition were also modulated. These results corroborate the relevance of the gut-joint axis in arthritis, showing novel regulatory mechanisms linked to therapeutic OIT in joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Pan
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, School of Molecular Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mukanthu H Nyirenda
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zainulabedin Saiyed
- Research and Development, Lonza Greenwood LLC, North Emerald Road, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Elnaz Karimian Azari
- Research and Development, Lonza Greenwood LLC, North Emerald Road, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Amy Sunderman
- Research and Development, Lonza Greenwood LLC, North Emerald Road, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Simon Milling
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Miguel Pineda
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, School of Molecular Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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6
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Galipeau HJ, Hinterleitner R, Leonard MM, Caminero A. Non-Host Factors Influencing Onset and Severity of Celiac Disease. Gastroenterology 2024; 167:34-50. [PMID: 38286392 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic autoimmune condition driven by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals, resulting in inflammatory lesions in the proximal small intestine. Although the presence of specific HLA-linked haplotypes and gluten consumption are necessary for disease development, they alone do not account for the variable onset of CeD in susceptible individuals. This review explores the multifaceted role of non-host factors in CeD development, including dietary and microbial influences. We discuss clinical associations and observations highlighting the impact of these factors on disease onset and severity. Furthermore, we discuss studies in CeD-relevant animal models that offer mechanistic insights into how diet, the microbiome, and enteric infections modulate CeD pathogenesis. Finally, we address the clinical implications and therapeutic potential of understanding these cofactors offering a promising avenue for preventive and therapeutic interventions in CeD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Galipeau
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Reinhard Hinterleitner
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maureen M Leonard
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alberto Caminero
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Liu S, Yang L, Zhang Y, Chen H, Li X, Xu Z, Du R, Li X, Ma J, Liu D. Review of yeast culture concerning the interactions between gut microbiota and young ruminant animals. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1335765. [PMID: 38496306 PMCID: PMC10940410 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1335765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and regulate body metabolism by maintaining intestinal health. The state of gastrointestinal health is influenced not only by the macro-level factors of optimal development and the physiological structure integrity but also by the delicate equilibrium between the intestinal flora and immune status at the micro-level. Abrupt weaning in young ruminants causes incomplete development of the intestinal tract resulting in an unstable and unformed microbiota. Abrupt weaning also induced damages to the microecological homeostasis of the intestinal tract, resulting in the intestinal infections and diseases, such as diarrhea. Recently, nutritional and functional yeast culture has been researched to tackle these problems. Herein, we summarized current known interactions between intestinal microorganisms and the body of young ruminants, then we discussed the regulatory effects of using yeast culture as a feed supplement. Yeast culture is a microecological preparation that contains yeast, enriched with yeast metabolites and other nutrient-active components, including β-glucan, mannan, digestive enzymes, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and some other unknown growth factors. It stimulates the proliferation of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells and the reproduction of intestinal microorganisms by providing special nutrient substrates to support the intestinal function. Additionally, the β-glucan and mannan effectively stimulate intestinal mucosal immunity, promote immune response, activate macrophages, and increase acid phosphatase levels, thereby improving the body's resistance to several disease. The incorporation of yeast culture into young ruminants' diet significantly alleviated the damage caused by weaning stress to the gastrointestinal tract which also acts an effective strategy to promote the balance of intestinal flora, development of intestinal tissue, and establishment of mucosal immune system. Our review provides a theoretical basis for the application of yeast culture in the diet of young ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dacheng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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8
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Brabec T, Schwarzer M, Kováčová K, Dobešová M, Schierová D, Březina J, Pacáková I, Šrůtková D, Ben-Nun O, Goldfarb Y, Šplíchalová I, Kolář M, Abramson J, Filipp D, Dobeš J. Segmented filamentous bacteria-induced epithelial MHCII regulates cognate CD4+ IELs and epithelial turnover. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230194. [PMID: 37902602 PMCID: PMC10615894 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells have the capacity to upregulate MHCII molecules in response to certain epithelial-adhesive microbes, such as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB). However, the mechanism regulating MHCII expression as well as the impact of epithelial MHCII-mediated antigen presentation on T cell responses targeting those microbes remains elusive. Here, we identify the cellular network that regulates MHCII expression on the intestinal epithelium in response to SFB. Since MHCII on the intestinal epithelium is dispensable for SFB-induced Th17 response, we explored other CD4+ T cell-based responses induced by SFB. We found that SFB drive the conversion of cognate CD4+ T cells to granzyme+ CD8α+ intraepithelial lymphocytes. These cells accumulate in small intestinal intraepithelial space in response to SFB. Yet, their accumulation is abrogated by the ablation of MHCII on the intestinal epithelium. Finally, we show that this mechanism is indispensable for the SFB-driven increase in the turnover of epithelial cells in the ileum. This study identifies a previously uncharacterized immune response to SFB, which is dependent on the epithelial MHCII function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Brabec
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Schwarzer
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Nový Hrádek, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Kováčová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Dobešová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Schierová
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Březina
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Pacáková
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Šrůtková
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Nový Hrádek, Czech Republic
| | - Osher Ben-Nun
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Iva Šplíchalová
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dominik Filipp
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dobeš
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Guo S, Tong W, Qi Y, Jiang M, Li P, Zhang Z, Hu Q, Song Z, Ding B. Effects of Dietary Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Supplementation on the Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation, Immunity, and Ileal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Challenged by Coccidia and Clostridium perfringens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3864. [PMID: 38136901 PMCID: PMC10740854 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the intestinal stem cell proliferation, immunity, and ileal microbiota of broiler chickens challenged by coccidia and Clostridium perfringens. A total of 336 one-day-old Ross 308 chickens were randomly assigned into four groups. Chickens in the control (CTR) group were fed basal diet, and chickens in the three challenged groups were fed basal diets supplemented with nothing (CCP group), 1.0 × 109 CFU/kg L. fermentum (LF_CCP group), and 1.0 × 109 CFU/kg L. paracasei (LP_CCP group), respectively. All challenged birds were infected with coccildia on day 9 and Clostridium perfringens during days 13-18. The serum and intestinal samples were collected on days 13 and 19. The results showed that L. fermentum significantly increased jejunal gene expression of cdxB (one of the intestinal stem cell marker genes) on day 13. Additionally, L. fermentum significantly up-regulated mRNA levels of JAK3 and TYK2 and tended to increase STAT6 mRNA expression in jejunum on day 19. In the cecal tonsil, both L. fermentum and L. paracasei decreased mRNA expression of JAK2 on day 13, and L. fermentum down-regulated JAK1-2, STAT1, and STAT5-6 gene expressions on day 19. Ileal microbiological analysis showed that coccidial infection increased the Escherichia-Shigella, Lactobacillus, and Romboutsia abundance and decreased Candidatus_Arthromitus richness on day 13, which were reversed by Lactobacillus intervention. Moreover, Lactobacilli increased ileal Lactobacillus richness on day 19. In conclusion, Lactobacilli alleviated the impairment of intestinal stem cell proliferation and immunity in coccidia- and C. perfringens-challenged birds via modulating JAK/STAT signaling and reshaping intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural by-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (S.G.); (W.T.); (Y.Q.); (M.J.); (P.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wenfei Tong
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural by-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (S.G.); (W.T.); (Y.Q.); (M.J.); (P.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ya Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural by-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (S.G.); (W.T.); (Y.Q.); (M.J.); (P.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Meihan Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural by-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (S.G.); (W.T.); (Y.Q.); (M.J.); (P.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Peng Li
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural by-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (S.G.); (W.T.); (Y.Q.); (M.J.); (P.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhengfan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural by-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (S.G.); (W.T.); (Y.Q.); (M.J.); (P.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qunbing Hu
- Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning 437099, China;
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zhuan Song
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural by-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (S.G.); (W.T.); (Y.Q.); (M.J.); (P.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Binying Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural by-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (S.G.); (W.T.); (Y.Q.); (M.J.); (P.L.); (Z.Z.)
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10
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Jia X, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Asakawa T. Multidirectional associations between the gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease, updated information from the perspectives of humoral pathway, cellular immune pathway and neuronal pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1296713. [PMID: 38173790 PMCID: PMC10762314 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1296713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a diverse range of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which form a vast and complex ecosystem. It has been reported that the microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in regulating host neuroprotective function. Studies have shown that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and experiments involving germ-free mice and fecal microbiota transplantation from PD patients have revealed the pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in PD. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota in PD, including the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have also shown efficacy in treating PD. However, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease remains intricate. This study reviewed the association between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and PD from the perspectives of humoral pathway, cellular immune pathway and neuronal pathway. We found that the interactions among gut microbiota and PD are very complex, which should be "multidirectional", rather than conventionally regarded "bidirectional". To realize application of the gut microbiota-related mechanisms in the clinical setting, we propose several problems which should be addressed in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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11
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Brockmann L, Tran A, Huang Y, Edwards M, Ronda C, Wang HH, Ivanov II. Intestinal microbiota-specific Th17 cells possess regulatory properties and suppress effector T cells via c-MAF and IL-10. Immunity 2023; 56:2719-2735.e7. [PMID: 38039966 PMCID: PMC10964950 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Commensal microbes induce cytokine-producing effector tissue-resident CD4+ T cells, but the function of these T cells in mucosal homeostasis is not well understood. Here, we report that commensal-specific intestinal Th17 cells possess an anti-inflammatory phenotype marked by expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and co-inhibitory receptors. The anti-inflammatory phenotype of gut-resident commensal-specific Th17 cells was driven by the transcription factor c-MAF. IL-10-producing commensal-specific Th17 cells were heterogeneous and derived from a TCF1+ gut-resident progenitor Th17 cell population. Th17 cells acquired IL-10 expression and anti-inflammatory phenotype in the small-intestinal lamina propria. IL-10 production by CD4+ T cells and IL-10 signaling in intestinal macrophages drove IL-10 expression by commensal-specific Th17 cells. Intestinal commensal-specific Th17 cells possessed immunoregulatory functions and curbed effector T cell activity in vitro and in vivo in an IL-10-dependent and c-MAF-dependent manner. Our results suggest that tissue-resident commensal-specific Th17 cells perform regulatory functions in mucosal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Brockmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander Tran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yiming Huang
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Madeline Edwards
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carlotta Ronda
- Department of Systems Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Harris H Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ivaylo I Ivanov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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12
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Yang J, Shi X, Gao R, Fan L, Chen R, Cao Y, Xu T, Yang J. Polydatin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and alters the gut microbiota in a mouse model. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3717-3728. [PMID: 37665061 PMCID: PMC10718135 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect and mechanism of polydatin on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model. The lung fibrosis model was induced by BLM. The contents of TNF-α, LPS, IL-6 and IL-1β in lung tissue, intestine and serum were detected by ELISA. Gut microbiota diversity was detected by 16S rDNA sequencing; R language was used to analyse species composition, α-diversity, β-diversity, species differences and marker species. Mice were fed drinking water mixed with four antibiotics (ampicillin, neomycin, metronidazole, vancomycin; antibiotics, ABx) to build a mouse model of ABx-induced bacterial depletion; and faecal microbiota from different groups were transplanted into BLM-treated or untreated ABx mice. The histopathological changes and collagen I and α-SMA expression were determined. Polydatin effectively reduced the degree of fibrosis in a BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model; BLM and/or polydatin affected the abundance of the dominant gut microbiota in mice. Moreover, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from polydatin-treated BLM mice effectively alleviated lung fibrosis in BLM-treated ABx mice compared with FMT from BLM mice. Polydatin can reduce fibrosis and inflammation in a BLM-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model. The alteration of gut microbiota by polydatin may be involved in the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiawei Shi
- The First Clinical CollegeZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Rundi Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Liming Fan
- The First Clinical CollegeZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ruilin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Tingzhen Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Junchao Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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13
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Kamble SR, Dandekar MP. Implication of microbiota gut-brain axis in the manifestation of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Preclinical and clinical evidence. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176014. [PMID: 37619786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the key role of gut microbiota in the development of psychiatric disorders. The adverse impact of stress, anxiety, and depression has been well documented on the commensal gut microflora. Thus, therapeutic benefits of gut microbiota-based interventions may not be avoided in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this review, we outline the current state of knowledge of gut microbiota with respect to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We discuss how OCD-generated changes corresponding to the key neurotransmitters, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and immunological and inflammatory pathways are connected with the modifications of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Notably, administration of few probiotics such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103), Lactobacillus helveticus R0052, Bifidobacterium longum R0175, Saccharomyces boulardii, and Lactobacillus casei Shirota imparted positive effects in the management of OCD symptoms. Taken together, we suggest that the gut microbiota-directed therapeutics may open new treatment approaches for the management of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali R Kamble
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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14
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Kuijer EJ, Steenbergen L. The microbiota-gut-brain axis in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory: current state and future challenges. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105296. [PMID: 37380040 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental shift in neuroscience suggests bidirectional interaction of gut microbiota with the healthy and dysfunctional brain. This microbiota-gut-brain axis has mainly been investigated in stress-related psychopathology (e.g. depression, anxiety). The hippocampus, a key structure in both the healthy brain and psychopathologies, is implicated by work in rodents that suggests gut microbiota substantially impact hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. However, understanding microbiota-hippocampus mechanisms in health and disease, and translation to humans, is hampered by the absence of a coherent evaluative approach. We review the current knowledge regarding four main gut microbiota-hippocampus routes in rodents: through the vagus nerve; via the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal-axis; by metabolism of neuroactive substances; and through modulation of host inflammation. Next, we suggest an approach including testing (biomarkers of) the four routes as a function of the influence of gut microbiota (composition) on hippocampal-dependent (dys)functioning. We argue that such an approach is necessary to proceed from the current state of preclinical research to beneficial application in humans to optimise microbiota-based strategies to treat and enhance hippocampal-dependent memory (dys)functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise J Kuijer
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, United Kingdom.
| | - Laura Steenbergen
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden University & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
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15
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Singh AK, Kumar R, Yin J, Brooks Ii JF, Kathania M, Mukherjee S, Kumar J, Conlon KP, Basrur V, Chen Z, Han X, Hooper LV, Burstein E, Venuprasad K. RORγt-Raftlin1 complex regulates the pathogenicity of Th17 cells and colonic inflammation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4972. [PMID: 37591835 PMCID: PMC10435467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells that produce Interleukin IL-17 are pathogenic in many human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, but are, paradoxically, essential for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier in a non-inflammatory state. However, the intracellular mechanisms that regulate distinct transcriptional profiles and functional diversity of Th17 cells remain unclear. Here we show Raftlin1, a lipid raft protein, specifically upregulates and forms a complex with RORγt in pathogenic Th17 cells. Disruption of the RORγt-Raftlin1 complex results in the reduction of pathogenic Th17 cells in response to Citrobacter rodentium; however, there is no effect on nonpathogenic Th17 cells in response to commensal segmented filamentous bacteria. Mechanistically, we show that Raftlin1 recruits distinct phospholipids to RORγt and promotes the pathogenicity of Th17 cells. Thus, we have identified a mechanism that drives the pathogenic function of Th17 cells, which could provide a platform for advanced therapeutic strategies to dampen Th17-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kumar Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jianyi Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - John F Brooks Ii
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Mahesh Kathania
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kevin P Conlon
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Lora V Hooper
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - K Venuprasad
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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16
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Koyama M, Hippe DS, Srinivasan S, Proll SC, Miltiadous O, Li N, Zhang P, Ensbey KS, Hoffman NG, Schmidt CR, Yeh AC, Minnie SA, Strenk SM, Fiedler TL, Hattangady N, Kowalsky J, Grady WM, Degli-Esposti MA, Varelias A, Clouston AD, van den Brink MRM, Dey N, Randolph TW, Markey KA, Fredricks DN, Hill GR. Intestinal microbiota controls graft-versus-host disease independent of donor-host genetic disparity. Immunity 2023; 56:1876-1893.e8. [PMID: 37480848 PMCID: PMC10530372 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a major limitation of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), and severe intestinal manifestation is the major cause of early mortality. Intestinal microbiota control MHC class II (MHC-II) expression by ileal intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that promote GVHD. Here, we demonstrated that genetically identical mice of differing vendor origins had markedly different intestinal microbiota and ileal MHC-II expression, resulting in discordant GVHD severity. We utilized cohousing and antibiotic treatment to characterize the bacterial taxa positively and negatively associated with MHC-II expression. A large proportion of bacterial MHC-II inducers were vancomycin sensitive, and peri-transplant oral vancomycin administration attenuated CD4+ T cell-mediated GVHD. We identified a similar relationship between pre-transplant microbes, HLA class II expression, and both GVHD and mortality in a large clinical SCT cohort. These data highlight therapeutically tractable mechanisms by which pre-transplant microbial taxa contribute to GVHD independently of genetic disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Koyama
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (FHCC), Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Daniel S Hippe
- Clinical Research Division, FHCC, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Sean C Proll
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, FHCC, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Oriana Miltiadous
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Naisi Li
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (FHCC), Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (FHCC), Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kathleen S Ensbey
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (FHCC), Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Noah G Hoffman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Christine R Schmidt
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (FHCC), Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Albert C Yeh
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (FHCC), Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Simone A Minnie
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (FHCC), Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Susan M Strenk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, FHCC, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tina L Fiedler
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, FHCC, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Namita Hattangady
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (FHCC), Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jacob Kowalsky
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, FHCC, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Willian M Grady
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (FHCC), Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Antiopi Varelias
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Andrew D Clouston
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Neelendu Dey
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (FHCC), Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Timothy W Randolph
- Clinical Research Division, FHCC, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, FHCC, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kate A Markey
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (FHCC), Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David N Fredricks
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, FHCC, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (FHCC), Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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17
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Meinen-Jochum J, Ott LC, Mellata M. Segmented filamentous bacteria-based treatment to elicit protection against Enterobacteriaceae in Layer chickens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1231837. [PMID: 37583515 PMCID: PMC10423809 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1231837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gut microbes like segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) play a key role in gut maturation during early life, as demonstrated in humans and mice. Our previous study demonstrated oral inoculation of ileum-spores containing SFB to chickens after hatch increases early SFB gut colonization, which increases immune maturation and resistance to bacteria, like Salmonella, as tested in vitro; however, more studies are needed for treatment optimization and in vivo testing. The objectives of this study were to (1) test a treatment that includes both spores and filamentous SFB, (2) validate antimicrobial ability of the treatment in layer hens in vivo, and (3) elucidate its molecular mechanism. Methods One-day-old specific pathogen-free layers (n = 12 per group) were orally treated with either PBS (CON) or SFB-based treatment (SFB). At 4 days post-inoculation (DPI), both CON and SFB groups were orally challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Total Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella were examined by plating and enumeration in feces at 7,10 and 14 dpi; and in the ileum, cecum, and spleen at 16 dpi in euthanized birds. The presence and levels of SFB were determined from ilea scrapings via microscopy and qPCR, respectively. Relative gene expression of host-derived antimicrobial peptides and cytokines in the distal ileum was determined by RT-qPCR. Results At 10 and 14 dpi, a significant decrease in total Enterobacteriaceae was observed in the feces of the SFB group. At necropsy, the level of SFB was significantly higher in the SFB group than in the CON group, while a significant decrease in total Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella was observed in the ceca of the SFB group. RT-qPCR revealed increased expression of β-defensin 14, and cytokines IL-10 and IFNγ. Discussion The introduction of SFB at hatch as a prophylactic treatment may benefit commercial partners as well as consumers by reducing the incidence of Enterobacteriaceae in food animals. Reduction of these bacteria in animals would, in turn, increase animal health, productivity, and safety for consumers. Studies to optimize the treatment for poultry industry applications are ongoing in our lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Meinen-Jochum
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Logan C. Ott
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Melha Mellata
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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18
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Guo Y, Liu Y, Rui B, Lei Z, Ning X, Liu Y, Li M. Crosstalk between the gut microbiota and innate lymphoid cells in intestinal mucosal immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171680. [PMID: 37304260 PMCID: PMC10249960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal mucosa is colonized by thousands of microorganisms, which participate in a variety of physiological functions. Intestinal dysbiosis is closely associated with the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which include NK cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s and LTi cells, are a type of innate immune cells. They are enriched in the mucosal tissues of the body, and have recently received extensive attention. The gut microbiota and its metabolites play important roles in various intestinal mucosal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), allergic disease, and cancer. Therefore, studies on ILCs and their interaction with the gut microbiota have great clinical significance owing to their potential for identifying pharmacotherapy targets for multiple related diseases. This review expounds on the progress in research on ILCs differentiation and development, the biological functions of the intestinal microbiota, and its interaction with ILCs in disease conditions in order to provide novel ideas for disease treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ming Li
- *Correspondence: Yinhui Liu, ; Ming Li,
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19
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Cui Y, Zhang L, Liu Y, Liu W, Shi W, Bao Y. Compound small peptide of Chinese medicine alleviates cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression in mice by Th17/Treg and jejunum intestinal flora. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1039287. [PMID: 37056742 PMCID: PMC10089124 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1039287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of Compound small peptide of Chinese medicine (CSPCM) on cyclophosphamide (CTX) induced immunosuppression in mice. The 100 male Kunming mice were divided into 5 groups: group A (control group), group B (model group), group C (100 mg/kg.bw CSPCM), group D (200 mg/kg.bw CSPCM) and group E (400 mg/kg.bw CSPCM). At 1–3 days, mice of group B, C, D and E were intraperitoneally injected with 80 mg/kg.bw CTX. The results showed that compared with group A, the immune organ index, body weight change, RORγ T gene expression, RORγ T protein expression, CD3+ cell number, Th17 number and Alpha index, white blood cell count, lymphocyte count and monocyte count were significantly decreased in group B (p < 0.05), while Foxp3 gene expression, Foxp3 protein expression and Treg cell number were significantly increased (p < 0.05), CSPCM has a good therapeutic effect on the above abnormalities caused by CTX. CTX caused the decrease of intestinal flora richness and the abnormal structure of intestinal flora, and CSPCM could change the intestinal flora destroyed by CTX to the direction of intestinal flora of healthy mice. On the whole, CSPCM has a good therapeutic effect on CTX-induced immunosuppression in mice, which is reflected in the index of immune organs, the number of T lymphocytes and Th17 cells increased, the number of Treg cells decreased and the structure of intestinal flora was reconstructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Pharmacoefficacy Laboratory, Hebei Provincial Engineering Center for Chinese Veterinary Herbal Medicine, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Wanyu Shi,
| | - Yongzhan Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Pharmacoefficacy Laboratory, Hebei Provincial Engineering Center for Chinese Veterinary Herbal Medicine, Baoding, China
- Yongzhan Bao,
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20
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Eshleman EM, Shao TY, Woo V, Rice T, Engleman L, Didriksen BJ, Whitt J, Haslam DB, Way SS, Alenghat T. Intestinal epithelial HDAC3 and MHC class II coordinate microbiota-specific immunity. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162190. [PMID: 36602872 PMCID: PMC9927950 DOI: 10.1172/jci162190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant immune responses to resident microbes promote inflammatory bowel disease and other chronic inflammatory conditions. However, how microbiota-specific immunity is controlled in mucosal tissues remains poorly understood. Here, we found that mice lacking epithelial expression of microbiota-sensitive histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) exhibited increased accumulation of commensal-specific CD4+ T cells in the intestine, provoking the hypothesis that epithelial HDAC3 may instruct local microbiota-specific immunity. Consistent with this, microbiota-specific CD4+ T cells and epithelial HDAC3 expression were concurrently induced following early-life microbiota colonization. Further, epithelium-intrinsic ablation of HDAC3 decreased commensal-specific Tregs, increased commensal-specific Th17 cells, and promoted T cell-driven colitis. Mechanistically, HDAC3 was essential for NF-κB-dependent regulation of epithelial MHC class II (MHCII). Epithelium-intrinsic MHCII dampened local accumulation of commensal-specific Th17 cells in adult mice and protected against microbiota-triggered inflammation. Remarkably, HDAC3 enabled the microbiota to induce MHCII expression on epithelial cells and limit the number of commensal-specific T cells in the intestine. Collectively, these data reveal a central role for an epithelial histone deacetylase in directing the dynamic balance of tissue-intrinsic CD4+ T cell subsets that recognize commensal microbes and control inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tzu-Yu Shao
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
- Division of Infectious Disease, and
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vivienne Woo
- Division of Immunobiology
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
| | - Taylor Rice
- Division of Immunobiology
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
| | - Laura Engleman
- Division of Immunobiology
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
| | - Bailey J. Didriksen
- Division of Immunobiology
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jordan Whitt
- Division of Immunobiology
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
| | | | - Sing Sing Way
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
- Division of Infectious Disease, and
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21
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Song B, Li P, Xu H, Wang Z, Yuan J, Zhang B, Lv Z, Song Z, Guo Y. Effects of rearing system and antibiotic treatment on immune function, gut microbiota and metabolites of broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:144. [PMID: 36522791 PMCID: PMC9756480 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, cage systems with a high space utilization have gradually replaced ground litter systems, but the disease incidence of chickens in cages is higher. Broilers in the ground litter pens may be stimulated by more environmental microbes during the growth process and show strong immune function and status, but knowledge of which microbes and their metabolites play an immunomodulatory role is still limited. This study aimed to explore the differences and correlations in the immune function, gut microbiota and metabolites and the importance of gut microbiota of broilers raised in cages and ground litter pens. METHODS The experiment involved a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with rearing systems (cages or ground litter pens) and antibiotic treatment (with or without broad-spectrum antibiotics in drinking water) as factors. RESULTS The results showed that, compared with the cage group, the ground litter broilers had stronger nonspecific immune function (Macrophages% and NO in blood), humoral immune function (IgG in blood, LPS stimulation index in ileum) and cellular immune function (T%, Tc%, ConA stimulation index and cytokines in blood). Antibiotic (ABX) treatment significantly reduced nonspecific immune function (Macrophages% and NO in blood, iNOS and Mucin2 mRNA expression in ileum), humoral immune function (IgG in blood and sIgA in ileum) and cellular immune function (T% and cytokines in blood, Th and Tc ratio, TLRs and cytokines mRNA expression in ileum). Furthermore, the ground litter broilers had higher α diversity of microbiota in ileum. The relative abundance of Staphylococcus, Jeotgalicoccus, Jeotgalibaca and Pediococcus in the ileum of ground litter broilers were higher. ABX treatment significantly reduced the α diversity of ileal microbiota, with less Chloroplast and Mitochondria. In addition, the levels of acetic acid, isobutyric acid, kynurenic acid and allolithocholic acid in the ileum of ground litter broilers were higher. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Jeotgalibaca, Pediococcus, acetic acid, kynurenic acid and allolithocholic acid were related to the immune function. CONCLUSIONS There were more potential pathogens, litter breeding bacteria, short-chain fatty acids, kynurenine, allolithocholic acid and tryptophan metabolites in the ileum of broilers in ground litter pens, which may be the reason for its stronger immune function and status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochen Song
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 China
| | - Peng Li
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Huiping Xu
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhong Wang
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhigang Song
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 China
| | - Yuming Guo
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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22
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Immune Impairment Associated with Vitamin A Deficiency: Insights from Clinical Studies and Animal Model Research. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235038. [PMID: 36501067 PMCID: PMC9738822 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) is critical for many biological processes, including embryonic development, hormone production and function, the maintenance and modulation of immunity, and the homeostasis of epithelium and mucosa. Specifically, VA affects cell integrity, cytokine production, innate immune cell activation, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte trafficking to mucosal surfaces. VA also has been reported to influence the gut microbiota composition and diversity. Consequently, VA deficiency (VAD) results in the imbalanced production of inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, intestinal inflammation, weakened mucosal barrier functions, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of the gut microbiome. Although VAD is primarily known to cause xerophthalmia, its role in the impairment of anti-infectious defense mechanisms is less defined. Infectious diseases lead to temporary anorexia and lower dietary intake; furthermore, they adversely affect VA status by interfering with VA absorption, utilization and excretion. Thus, there is a tri-directional relationship between VAD, immune response and infections, as VAD affects immune response and predisposes the host to infection, and infection decreases the intestinal absorption of the VA, thereby contributing to secondary VAD development. This has been demonstrated using nutritional and clinical studies, radiotracer studies and knockout animal models. An in-depth understanding of the relationship between VAD, immune response, gut microbiota and infections is critical for optimizing vaccine efficacy and the development of effective immunization programs for countries with high prevalence of VAD. Therefore, in this review, we have comprehensively summarized the existing knowledge regarding VAD impacts on immune responses to infections and post vaccination. We have detailed pathological conditions associated with clinical and subclinical VAD, gut microbiome adaptation to VAD and VAD effects on the immune responses to infection and vaccines.
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23
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Martínez-Renau E, Mazorra-Alonso M, Ruiz-Castellano C, Martín-Vivaldi M, Martín-Platero AM, Barón MD, Soler JJ. Microbial infection risk predicts antimicrobial potential of avian symbionts. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1010961. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1010961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic bacteria on animal hosts can prevent pathogenic bacterial infections by several mechanisms. Among them, symbiotic bacteria can indirectly enhance host’s immune responses or, directly, produce antimicrobial substances against pathogens. Due to differences in life-style, different host species are under different risks of microbial infections. Consequently, if symbiotic bacteria are somewhat selected by genetically determined host characteristics, we would expect the antimicrobial properties of bacterial symbionts to vary among host species and to be distributed according to risk of infection. Here we have tested this hypothesis by measuring the antimicrobial ability of the bacterial strains isolated from the uropygial-gland skin of 19 bird species differing in nesting habits, and, therefore, in risk of microbial infection. In accordance with our predictions, intensity and range of antimicrobial effects against the indicator strains assayed varied among bird species, with hole-and open-nesters showing the highest and the lowest values, respectively. Since it is broadly accepted that hole-nesters have higher risks of microbial infection than open nesters, our results suggest that the risk of infection is a strong driver of natural selection to enhance immunocompetence of animals through selecting for antibiotic-producing symbionts. Future research should focus on characterizing symbiotic bacterial communities and detecting coevolutionary processes with particular antibiotic-producing bacteria within-host species.
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24
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Schulze Holthausen J, Schregel J, Sciascia QL, Li Z, Tuchscherer A, Vahjen W, Metges CC, Zentek J. Effects of Oral Glutamine Supplementation, Birthweight and Age on Colonic Morphology and Microbiome Development in Male Suckling Piglets. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101899. [PMID: 36296176 PMCID: PMC9612066 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality, impaired development and metabolic dysfunctions of suckling low-birthweight piglets may be influenced by modulating the intestinal microbiome through glutamine supplementation. Therefore, this study examined whether glutamine supplementation may affect the colonic development and microbiome composition of male low- and normal-birthweight piglets at 5 and 12 days of age. Suckling piglets were supplemented orally with glutamine or alanine. Colonic digesta samples were obtained for 16S rDNA sequencing, determination of bacterial metabolites and histomorphological tissue analyses. Glutamine-supplemented piglets had lower concentrations of cadaverine and spermidine in the colonic digesta (p < 0.05) and a higher number of CD3+ colonic intraepithelial lymphocytes compared to alanine-supplemented piglets (p < 0.05). Low-birthweight piglets were characterised by a lower relative abundance of Firmicutes, the genera Negativibacillus and Faecalibacterium and a higher abundance of Alistipes (p < 0.05). Concentrations of cadaverine and total biogenic amines (p < 0.05) and CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (p < 0.05) were lower in low- compared with normal-birthweight piglets. In comparison to the factor age, glutamine supplementation and birthweight were associated with minor changes in microbial and histological characteristics of the colon, indicating that ontogenetic factors play a more important role in intestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schulze Holthausen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-838-53984
| | - Johannes Schregel
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Quentin L. Sciascia
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Zeyang Li
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genetic and Biometry, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Wilfried Vahjen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia C. Metges
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Kawano Y, Edwards M, Huang Y, Bilate AM, Araujo LP, Tanoue T, Atarashi K, Ladinsky MS, Reiner SL, Wang HH, Mucida D, Honda K, Ivanov II. Microbiota imbalance induced by dietary sugar disrupts immune-mediated protection from metabolic syndrome. Cell 2022; 185:3501-3519.e20. [PMID: 36041436 PMCID: PMC9556172 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
How intestinal microbes regulate metabolic syndrome is incompletely understood. We show that intestinal microbiota protects against development of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and pre-diabetic phenotypes by inducing commensal-specific Th17 cells. High-fat, high-sugar diet promoted metabolic disease by depleting Th17-inducing microbes, and recovery of commensal Th17 cells restored protection. Microbiota-induced Th17 cells afforded protection by regulating lipid absorption across intestinal epithelium in an IL-17-dependent manner. Diet-induced loss of protective Th17 cells was mediated by the presence of sugar. Eliminating sugar from high-fat diets protected mice from obesity and metabolic syndrome in a manner dependent on commensal-specific Th17 cells. Sugar and ILC3 promoted outgrowth of Faecalibaculum rodentium that displaced Th17-inducing microbiota. These results define dietary and microbiota factors posing risk for metabolic syndrome. They also define a microbiota-dependent mechanism for immuno-pathogenicity of dietary sugar and highlight an elaborate interaction between diet, microbiota, and intestinal immunity in regulation of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinaga Kawano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Madeline Edwards
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yiming Huang
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Angelina M Bilate
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Leandro P Araujo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Takeshi Tanoue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Atarashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mark S Ladinsky
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Steven L Reiner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Harris H Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kenya Honda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ivaylo I Ivanov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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26
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Shi C, Zhou L, Li H, Shi X, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Zhu H, Chen D. Intestinal microbiota metabolizing Houttuynia cordata polysaccharides in H1N1 induced pneumonia mice contributed to Th17/Treg rebalance in gut-lung axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:288-302. [PMID: 36084869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus is intricately linked to dysregulation of gut microbiota and host immunity. Previous study revealed that Houttuynia cordata polysaccharides (HCP) exert the therapeutic effect on influenza A virus inducing lung and intestine damage via regulating pulmonary and intestinal mucosal immunity. However, whether this result was due to the regulation of gut microbiota in the gut-lung axis remains unclear. Here, we firstly found that the elimination of gut microbiota using antibiotic cocktails led to both loss of the protective effect of HCP on intestine and lung injury, and reduction of the efficacy on regulating Th17/Treg balance in gut-lung axis. Fecal microbiota transplantation study confirmed that the gut microbiota fermented with HCP under pathological conditions (H1N1 infection) was responsible for reducing pulmonary and intestinal injury. Moreover, the interaction of HCP and gut microbiota under pathological conditions exhibited not only much more abundant gut microbial diversity, but also higher content of the acetate. Our results demonstrated that the underlying mechanism to ameliorate viral pneumonia in mice involving Th17/Treg rebalance via the gut microbiota and HCP metabolite (acetate) metabolized in pneumonia mice. Our results provided a new insight for macromolecular polysaccharides through targeting intestinal microenvironment reducing distant pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Shi
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lishuang Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunlong Shi
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Gleason B, Chisari E, Parvizi J. Osteoarthritis Can Also Start in the Gut: The Gut-Joint Axis. Indian J Orthop 2022; 56:1150-1155. [PMID: 35813544 PMCID: PMC9232669 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-021-00473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis is a common cause of pain and disability with an increasing prevalence among the global population (Hunter and Bierma-Zeinstra in Lancet 393(10182):1745-1759, 2019; Zhang and Jordan in Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 26(3):355-369, 2010). Altered immune responses and low-grade systemic inflammation driven by gut dysbiosis are being increasingly recognized as contributing factors to the pathophysiology of OA (Tan et al. in International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185X.14123, 2021; Binvignat et al. in Joint, Bone, Spine 88(5):105203, 2021; Ramasamy et al. in Nutrients 13(4):1272, 2021), which increased the interest in the so-called "gut-joint axis". The various microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract is commonly referred to as the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome is affected by age, sex, and immune system activity as well as medications, environment, and diet (Arumugam in Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09944, 2011). The microbiome is pivotal to maintain host health and contributes to nutrition, host defense, and immune development (Nishida et al. in Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology 11:1-10, 2018). Alterations in this microbiome can induce dysbiosis, which is associated with many human disease states including allergies, autoimmune disease, diabetes, and cancer (Lin and Zhang in BMC Immunology 18(1):2, 2017). A gut-joint axis is proposed as a link involving the gastrointestinal microbiome, the immune response that it induces, and joint health. Results Emerging evidence has shown that there are specific changes in the microbiome that are associated with osteoarthritis, including increased Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio, Streptococcus spp. prevalence, and local inflammation (Collins in Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2015.03.014, 2015; Rios in Science and Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40601-x, 2019; Schott in JCI insight. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.95997, 2018; Boer et al. in Nature Communications 10:4881, 2019). Both the innate and adaptive immune systems are affected by the gut microbiome and can become dysregulated in dysbiosis which ultimately triggers events associated with joint OA. Conclusions The gut is an intriguing and novel target for OA therapy. Dietary modification or supplementation with fiber, probiotics, or prebiotics could provide a positive impact on the gut joint axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Gleason
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, 125 S 9th St. Ste 1000, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Emanuele Chisari
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, 125 S 9th St. Ste 1000, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Javad Parvizi
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, 125 S 9th St. Ste 1000, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
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28
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Grenda A, Grenda T, Domaradzki P, Kwiatek K. Enterococci-Involvement in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Potential in Cancer Treatment: A Mini-Review. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060687. [PMID: 35745541 PMCID: PMC9227201 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus spp. are Gram-positive, heterogeneous lactic acid bacteria inhabiting various environments. Several species of Enterococci are considered to be able to stimulate the immune system and play an important role in intestinal homeostasis. Some Enterococci can be used as probiotics. Some strains of E. faecium are components of pharmaceutical products used to treat diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, it has been proved that they are responsible for food contamination, and are sometimes undesirable from the point of view of food technology. Additionally, the virulence and multi-drug resistance of Enterococci potentially pose a risk of an epidemic, especially in hospital environments. Moreover, there are indications of their negative role in colon tumorigenesis; however, some nterococci are proved to support immunotherapy in cancer treatment. In general, it can be concluded that this group of microorganisms, despite its nature, has properties that can be used to support cancer treatment—both aggressive chemotherapy and cutting-edge therapy targeting immune checkpoints (IC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grenda
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-724-42-93
| | - Tomasz Grenda
- Department of Hygiene of Animal Feeding Stuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (T.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Piotr Domaradzki
- Department of Commodity Science and Animal Raw Materials Processing, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Kwiatek
- Department of Hygiene of Animal Feeding Stuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (T.G.); (K.K.)
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29
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Abstract
The immune system employs recognition tools to communicate with its microbial evolutionary partner. Among all the methods of microbial perception, T cells enable the widest spectrum of microbial recognition resolution, ranging from the crudest detection of whole groups of microbes to the finest detection of specific antigens. The application of this recognition capability to the crucial task of combatting infections has been the focus of classical immunology. We now appreciate that the coevolution of the immune system and the microbiota has led to development of a lush immunological decision tree downstream of microbial recognition, of which an inflammatory response is but one branch. In this review we discuss known T cell-microbe interactions in the gut and place them in the context of an algorithmic framework of recognition, context-dependent interpretation, and response circuits across multiple levels of microbial recognition resolution. The malleability of T cells in response to the microbiota presents an opportunity to edit immune response cellularity, identity, and functionality by utilizing microbiota-controlled pathways to promote human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivaylo I Ivanov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;
| | - Timur Tuganbaev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ashwin N Skelly
- Immunology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenya Honda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan;
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30
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Commensal gut bacterium critically regulates alveolar bone homeostasis. J Transl Med 2022; 102:363-375. [PMID: 34934182 PMCID: PMC8967765 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The alveolar bone is a unique osseous tissue due to the presence of the teeth and the proximity of commensal oral microbes. Commensal microbe effects on alveolar bone homeostasis have been attributed to the oral microbiota, yet the impact of commensal gut microbes is unknown. Study purpose was to elucidate whether commensal gut microbes regulate osteoimmune mechanisms and skeletal homeostasis in alveolar bone. Male C57BL/6T germfree (GF) littermate mice were maintained as GF or monoassociated with segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), a commensal gut bacterium. SFB has been shown to elicit broad immune response effects, including the induction of TH17/IL17A immunity, which impacts the development and homeostasis of host tissues. SFB colonized the gut, but not oral cavity, and increased IL17A levels in the ileum and serum. SFB had catabolic effects on alveolar bone and non-oral skeletal sites, which was attributed to enhanced osteoclastogenesis. The alveolar bone marrow of SFB vs. GF mice had increased dendritic cells, activated helper T-cells, TH1 cells, TH17 cells, and upregulated Tnf. Primary osteoblast cultures from SFB and GF mice were stimulated with vehicle-control, IL17A, or TNF to elucidate osteoblast-derived signaling factors contributing to the pro-osteoclastic phenotype in SFB mice. Treatment of RAW264.7 osteoclastic cells with supernatants from vehicle-stimulated SFB vs. GF osteoblasts recapitulated the osteoclast phenotype found in vivo. Supernatants from TNF-stimulated osteoblasts normalized RAW264.7 osteoclast endpoints across SFB and GF cultures, which was dependent on the induction of CXCL1 and CCL2. This report reveals that commensal gut microbes have the capacity to regulate osteoimmune processes in alveolar bone. Outcomes from this investigation challenge the current paradigm that alveolar bone health and homeostasis is strictly regulated by oral microbes.
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31
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Gu W, Wang H, Huang X, Kraiczy J, Singh PNP, Ng C, Dagdeviren S, Houghton S, Pellon-Cardenas O, Lan Y, Nie Y, Zhang J, Banerjee KK, Onufer EJ, Warner BW, Spence J, Scherl E, Rafii S, Lee RT, Verzi MP, Redmond D, Longman R, Helin K, Shivdasani RA, Zhou Q. SATB2 preserves colon stem cell identity and mediates ileum-colon conversion via enhancer remodeling. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:101-115.e10. [PMID: 34582804 PMCID: PMC8741647 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cells maintain regenerative tissue structure and function by producing tissue-specific progeny, but the factors that preserve their tissue identities are not well understood. The small and large intestines differ markedly in cell composition and function, reflecting their distinct stem cell populations. Here we show that SATB2, a colon-restricted chromatin factor, singularly preserves LGR5+ adult colonic stem cell and epithelial identity in mice and humans. Satb2 loss in adult mice leads to stable conversion of colonic stem cells into small intestine ileal-like stem cells and replacement of the colonic mucosa with one that resembles the ileum. Conversely, SATB2 confers colonic properties on the mouse ileum. Human colonic organoids also adopt ileal characteristics upon SATB2 loss. SATB2 regulates colonic identity in part by modulating enhancer binding of the intestinal transcription factors CDX2 and HNF4A. Our study uncovers a conserved core regulator of colonic stem cells able to mediate cross-tissue plasticity in mature intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine & Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 430 E 67th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine & Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Judith Kraiczy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pratik N. P. Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles Ng
- Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1283 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sezin Dagdeviren
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Sean Houghton
- Division of Regenerative Medicine & Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Oscar Pellon-Cardenas
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ying Lan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine & Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yaohui Nie
- Division of Regenerative Medicine & Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jiaoyue Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine & Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kushal K Banerjee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Emily J. Onufer
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brad W. Warner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jason Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ellen Scherl
- Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1283 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Division of Regenerative Medicine & Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Michael P. Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - David Redmond
- Division of Regenerative Medicine & Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Randy Longman
- Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1283 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kristian Helin
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 430 E 67th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200 Denmark,The Novo Nordisk Foundation for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Ramesh A. Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Division of Regenerative Medicine & Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Lead Contact ()
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32
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The Multifaceted Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System of the Intestinal Mucosa. IMMUNO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno1040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has diverse microbial components, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The interaction between gut microbiome components and immune responses has been studied extensively over the last decade. Several studies have reported the potential role of the gut microbiome in maintaining gut homeostasis and the development of disease. The commensal microbiome can preserve the integrity of the mucosal barrier by acting on the host immune system. Contrastingly, dysbiosis-induced inflammation can lead to the initiation and progression of several diseases through inflammatory processes and oxidative stress. In this review, we describe the multifaceted effects of the gut microbiota on several diseases from the perspective of mucosal immunological responses.
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33
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Oemcke LA, Anderson RC, Altermann E, Roy NC, McNabb WC. The Role of Segmented Filamentous Bacteria in Immune Barrier Maturation of the Small Intestine at Weaning. Front Nutr 2021; 8:759137. [PMID: 34869529 PMCID: PMC8637878 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.759137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiological, physical, chemical, and immunological barriers of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) begin developing in utero and finish maturing postnatally. Maturation of these barriers is essential for the proper functioning of the GIT. Maturation, particularly of the immunological barrier, involves stimulation by bacteria. Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) which are anaerobic, spore-forming commensals have been linked to immune activation. The presence and changes in SFB abundance have been positively correlated to immune markers (cytokines and immunoglobulins) in the rat ileum and stool samples, pre- and post-weaning. The abundance of SFB in infant stool increases from 6 months, peaks around 12 months and plateaus 25 months post-weaning. Changes in SFB abundance at these times correlate positively and negatively with the production of interleukin 17 (IL 17) and immunoglobulin A (IgA), respectively, indicating involvement in immune function and maturation. Additionally, the peak in SFB abundance when a human milk diet was complemented by solid foods hints at a diet effect. SFB genome analysis revealed enzymes involved in metabolic pathways for survival, growth and development, host mucosal attachment and substrate acquisition. This narrative review discusses the current knowledge of SFB and their suggested effects on the small intestine immune system. Referencing the published genomes of rat and mouse SFB, the use of food substrates to modulate SFB abundance is proposed while considering their effects on other microbes. Changes in the immune response caused by the interaction of food substrate with SFB may provide insight into their role in infant immunological barrier maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Oemcke
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rachel C Anderson
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Eric Altermann
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Consumer Interface Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
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34
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Klüber P, Meurer SK, Lambertz J, Schwarz R, Zechel-Gran S, Braunschweig T, Hurka S, Domann E, Weiskirchen R. Depletion of Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in Mice Leads to Dysbiosis and Persistent Colonization with Segmented Filamentous Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313156. [PMID: 34884961 PMCID: PMC8658549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) mediates key roles in innate immune responses. It has affinity for many lipophilic ligands and binds various siderophores, thereby limiting bacterial growth by iron sequestration. Furthermore, LCN2 protects against obesity and metabolic syndrome by interfering with the composition of gut microbiota. Consequently, complete or hepatocyte-specific ablation of the Lcn2 gene is associated with higher susceptibility to bacterial infections. In the present study, we comparatively profiled microbiota in fecal samples of wild type and Lcn2 null mice and show, in contrast to previous reports, that the quantity of DNA in feces of Lcn2 null mice is significantly lower than that in wild type mice (p < 0.001). By using the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene and Next-Generation Sequencing methods, we found a statistically significant change in 16 taxonomic units in Lcn2-/- mice, including eight gender-specific deviations. In particular, members of Clostridium, Escherichia, Helicobacter, Lactococcus, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and Staphylococcus appeared to expand in the intestinal tract of knockout mice. Interestingly, the proportion of Escherichia (200-fold) and Staphylococcus (10-fold) as well as the abundance of intestinal bacteria encoding the LCN2-sensitive siderphore enterobactin (entA) was significantly increased in male Lcn2 null mice (743-fold, p < 0.001). This was accompanied by significant higher immune cell infiltration in the ileum as demonstrated by increased immunoreactivity against the pan-leukocyte protein CD45, the lymphocyte transcription factor MUM-1/IRF4, and the macrophage antigen CD68/Macrosialin. In addition, we found a higher expression of mucosal mast cell proteases indicating a higher number of those innate immune cells. Finally, the ileum of Lcn2 null mice displayed a high abundance of segmented filamentous bacteria, which are intimately associated with the mucosal cell layer, provoking epithelial antimicrobial responses and affecting T-helper cell polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Klüber
- German Centre for Infection Research, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (P.K.); (S.Z.-G.)
| | - Steffen K. Meurer
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Jessica Lambertz
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Roman Schwarz
- Labor Mönchengladbach, Medical Care Centre, D-41169 Mönchengladbach, Germany;
| | - Silke Zechel-Gran
- German Centre for Infection Research, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (P.K.); (S.Z.-G.)
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Sabine Hurka
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Eugen Domann
- German Centre for Infection Research, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: (E.D.); (R.W.); Tel.: +49-(0)641-99-41280 (E.D.); +49-(0)241-80-88683 (R.W.)
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.M.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.D.); (R.W.); Tel.: +49-(0)641-99-41280 (E.D.); +49-(0)241-80-88683 (R.W.)
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35
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Shi CY, Yu CH, Yu WY, Ying HZ. Gut-Lung Microbiota in Chronic Pulmonary Diseases: Evolution, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutics. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2021; 2021:9278441. [PMID: 34900069 PMCID: PMC8664551 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9278441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota colonized in the human body has a symbiotic relationship with human body and forms a different microecosystem, which affects human immunity, metabolism, endocrine, and other physiological processes. The imbalance of microbiota is usually linked to the aberrant immune responses and inflammation, which eventually promotes the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases. Patients with chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, often have alteration of the composition and function of intestinal and lung microbiota. Gut microbiota affects respiratory immunity and barrier function through the lung-gut microbiota, resulting in altered prognosis of chronic respiratory diseases. In turn, lung dysbiosis promotes aggravation of lung diseases and causes intestinal dysfunction through persistent activation of lymphoid cells in the body. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technology have disclosed the pivotal roles of lung-gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases. This review focuses on the association between the gut-lung dysbiosis and respiratory diseases pathogenesis. In addition, potential therapeutic modalities, such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, are also evaluated for the prevention of chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yi Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Huan Yu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Ying Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhong Ying
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Chen J, Liu Y, Huang Y, Tong A, Liu B, Zeng F. Schizochytrium
oil and its Mixture with Fish Oil and
Sacha inchi
Oil Ameliorate Gut Microbiota Composition and Lipid Metabolism via the FAS/HMGCR/SREBP Signaling Pathway. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Yilin Liu
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Aijun Tong
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Feng Zeng
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China
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37
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Stephens WZ, Kubinak JL, Ghazaryan A, Bauer KM, Bell R, Buhrke K, Chiaro TR, Weis AM, Tang WW, Monts JK, Soto R, Ekiz HA, O'Connell RM, Round JL. Epithelial-myeloid exchange of MHC class II constrains immunity and microbiota composition. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109916. [PMID: 34731608 PMCID: PMC9012449 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have long been understood to express high levels of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) molecules but are not considered canonical antigen-presenting cells, and the impact of IEC-MHC class II signaling on gut homeostasis remains enigmatic. As IECs serve as the primary barrier between underlying host immune cells, we reasoned that IEC-intrinsic antigen presentation may play a role in responses toward the microbiota. Mice with an IEC-intrinsic deletion of MHC class II (IECΔMHC class II) are healthy but have fewer microbial-bound IgA, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and immune repertoire selection. This was associated with increased interindividual microbiota variation and altered proportions of two taxa in the ileum where MHC class II on IECs is highest. Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) have similar MHC class II transcription but less surface MHC class II and are capable of acquiring MHC class II from IECs. Thus, epithelial-myeloid interactions mediate development of adaptive responses to microbial antigens within the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zac Stephens
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jason L Kubinak
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Arevik Ghazaryan
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kaylyn M Bauer
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rickesha Bell
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kate Buhrke
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tyson R Chiaro
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Allison M Weis
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - William W Tang
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Josh K Monts
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Core, Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ray Soto
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - H Atakan Ekiz
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Izmir Institute of Technology, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Gulbahce, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Ryan M O'Connell
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - June L Round
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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38
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Genetic and commensal induction of IL-18 drive intestinal epithelial MHCII via IFNγ. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1100-1112. [PMID: 34103660 PMCID: PMC8562907 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) is dynamically expressed on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) throughout the intestine, but its regulation remains poorly understood. We observed that spontaneous upregulation of IEC MHCII in locally bred Rag1-/- mice correlated with serum Interleukin (IL)-18, was transferrable via co-housing to commercially bred immunodeficient mice and could be inhibited by both IL-12 and IL-18 blockade. Overproduction of intestinal IL-18 due to an activating Nlrc4 mutation upregulated IEC MHCII via classical inflammasome machinery independently of immunodeficiency or dysbiosis. Immunodeficient dysbiosis increased Il-18 transcription, which synergized with NLRC4 inflammasome activity to drive elevations in serum IL-18. This IL-18-MHCII axis was confirmed in several other models of intestinal and systemic inflammation. Elevated IL-18 reliably preceded MHCII upregulation, suggesting an indirect effect on IECs, and mice with IL-18 overproduction showed activation or expansion of type 1 lymphocytes. Interferon gamma (IFNg) was uniquely able to upregulate IEC MHCII in enteroid cultures and was required for MHCII upregulation in several in vivo systems. Thus, we have linked intestinal dysbiosis, systemic inflammation, and inflammasome activity to IEC MHCII upregulation via an intestinal IL-18-IFNg axis. Understanding this process may be crucial for determining the contribution of IEC MHCII to intestinal homeostasis, host defense, and tolerance.
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39
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Nunez N, Réot L, Menu E. Neonatal Immune System Ontogeny: The Role of Maternal Microbiota and Associated Factors. How Might the Non-Human Primate Model Enlighten the Path? Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:584. [PMID: 34206053 PMCID: PMC8230289 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the immune system and the microbiome play a crucial role on the human health. These interactions start in the prenatal period and are critical for the maturation of the immune system in newborns and infants. Several factors influence the composition of the infant's microbiota and subsequently the development of the immune system. They include maternal infection, antibiotic treatment, environmental exposure, mode of delivery, breastfeeding, and food introduction. In this review, we focus on the ontogeny of the immune system and its association to microbial colonization from conception to food diversification. In this context, we give an overview of the mother-fetus interactions during pregnancy, the impact of the time of birth and the mode of delivery, the neonate gastrointestinal colonization and the role of breastfeeding, weaning, and food diversification. We further review the impact of the vaccination on the infant's microbiota and the reciprocal case. Finally, we discuss several potential therapeutic interventions that might help to improve the newborn and infant's health and their responses to vaccination. Throughout the review, we underline the main scientific questions that are left to be answered and how the non-human primate model could help enlighten the path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nunez
- CEA, Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, U1184 “Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases” (IMVA-HB), IDMIT Department, IBFJ, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.N.); (L.R.)
| | - Louis Réot
- CEA, Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, U1184 “Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases” (IMVA-HB), IDMIT Department, IBFJ, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.N.); (L.R.)
| | - Elisabeth Menu
- CEA, Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, U1184 “Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases” (IMVA-HB), IDMIT Department, IBFJ, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.N.); (L.R.)
- MISTIC Group, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
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40
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Grasberger H, Magis AT, Sheng E, Conomos MP, Zhang M, Garzotto LS, Hou G, Bishu S, Nagao-Kitamoto H, El-Zaatari M, Kitamoto S, Kamada N, Stidham RW, Akiba Y, Kaunitz J, Haberman Y, Kugathasan S, Denson LA, Omenn GS, Kao JY. DUOX2 variants associate with preclinical disturbances in microbiota-immune homeostasis and increased inflammatory bowel disease risk. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141676. [PMID: 33651715 DOI: 10.1172/jci141676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A primordial gut-epithelial innate defense response is the release of hydrogen peroxide by dual NADPH oxidase (DUOX). In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a condition characterized by an imbalanced gut microbiota-immune homeostasis, DUOX2 isoenzyme is the highest induced gene. Performing multiomic analyses using 2872 human participants of a wellness program, we detected a substantial burden of rare protein-altering DUOX2 gene variants of unknown physiologic significance. We identified a significant association between these rare loss-of-function variants and increased plasma levels of interleukin-17C, which is induced also in mucosal biopsies of patients with IBD. DUOX2-deficient mice replicated increased IL-17C induction in the intestine, with outlier high Il17c expression linked to the mucosal expansion of specific Proteobacteria pathobionts. Integrated microbiota/host gene expression analyses in patients with IBD corroborated IL-17C as a marker for epithelial activation by gram-negative bacteria. Finally, the impact of DUOX2 variants on IL-17C induction provided a rationale for variant stratification in case control studies that substantiated DUOX2 as an IBD risk gene. Thus, our study identifies an association of deleterious DUOX2 variants with a preclinical hallmark of disturbed microbiota-immune homeostasis that appears to precede the manifestation of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Grasberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew T Magis
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Arivale Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Matthew P Conomos
- Arivale Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lea S Garzotto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guoqing Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shrinivas Bishu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hiroko Nagao-Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mohamad El-Zaatari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sho Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ryan W Stidham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yasutada Akiba
- West Los Angeles VA Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Kaunitz
- West Los Angeles VA Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yael Haberman
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Internal Medicine, Human Genetics, and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John Y Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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41
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Bui TPN, de Vos WM. Next-generation therapeutic bacteria for treatment of obesity, diabetes, and other endocrine diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101504. [PMID: 33785319 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota has appeared as an important factor affecting host health and intestinal bacteria have recently emerged as potential therapeutics to treat diabetes and other endocrine diseases. These mainly anaerobic bacteria have been identified either via comparative "omics" analysis of the intestinal microbiota in healthy and diseased subjects or of data collected by fecal microbiota transplantation studies. Both approaches require advanced and in-depth sequencing technologies to perform massive genomic screening to select bacteria with potential benefits. It has been shown that these potentially therapeutic bacteria can either produce bioactive products that directly influence the host patho-physiology and endocrine systems or produce specific signaling molecules that may do so. These bioactive compounds can be formed via degradation of dietary or host-derived components or the conversion of intermediate compounds produced by fermentation of intestinal bacteria. Several of these bacteria have shown causality in preclinical models and entered clinical phase studies, while their mode of action is being analyzed. In this review, we summarize the research on the most promising bacterial candidates with therapeutic properties with a specific focus on diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Phuong Nam Bui
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Caelus Pharmaceuticals BV, 3474, KG, Zegveld, the Netherlands
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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42
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Kononova S, Litvinova E, Vakhitov T, Skalinskaya M, Sitkin S. Acceptive Immunity: The Role of Fucosylated Glycans in Human Host-Microbiome Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083854. [PMID: 33917768 PMCID: PMC8068183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth in the number of chronic non-communicable diseases in the second half of the past century and in the first two decades of the new century is largely due to the disruption of the relationship between the human body and its symbiotic microbiota, and not pathogens. The interaction of the human immune system with symbionts is not accompanied by inflammation, but is a physiological norm. This is achieved via microbiota control by the immune system through a complex balance of pro-inflammatory and suppressive responses, and only a disturbance of this balance can trigger pathophysiological mechanisms. This review discusses the establishment of homeostatic relationships during immune system development and intestinal bacterial colonization through the interaction of milk glycans, mucins, and secretory immunoglobulins. In particular, the role of fucose and fucosylated glycans in the mechanism of interactions between host epithelial and immune cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kononova
- Department of Microbiology, State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ekaterina Litvinova
- Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agro-BioTechnologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoobsk, 633501 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Timur Vakhitov
- Department of Microbiology, State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Maria Skalinskaya
- Department of Microbiology, State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stanislav Sitkin
- Department of Microbiology, State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
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43
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Sohail MU, Al Khatib HA, Al Thani AA, Al Ansari K, Yassine HM, Al-Asmakh M. Microbiome profiling of rotavirus infected children suffering from acute gastroenteritis. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:21. [PMID: 33781328 PMCID: PMC8005861 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rotavirus (RV) is a leading cause of pediatric diarrhea and mortality worldwide. The virus causes acute gastroenteritis characterized by moderate to severe vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, and fever. Microbial dysbiosis caused by RV infection may significantly influence disease prognosis and the development of other chronic diseases. The gut microbiome plays a vital role in enteric immune response for rotavirus vaccine (RVV) that requires further elucidations. The current study evaluates the gut microbiome of RV positive children and compares gastroenteritis manifestation in children admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Centre, Hamad Medical Cooperation, Doha, Qatar. Stool samples were collected from thirty-nine RV positive and eight healthy control children. 16S rRNA sequence was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Results The data demonstrated a significant increase in microbiome diversity denoted by higher relative abundances of phylum Proteobacteria (p = 0.031), Fusobacteria (p = 0.044) and genus Streptococcus (p ≤ 0.001) in the infected group relative to the control. Similarly, district clustering pattern (PERMANOVA p = 0.01) and higher species richness (Shannon entropy p = 0.018) were observed in the children who received two RVV doses compared with the non-vaccinated or single-dose groups. These microbiome changes were represented by over-abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes (p = 0.003) and Verrucomicrobia (p ≤ 0.001), and lower expression of family Enterobacteriaceae in two RVV doses group. However, microbiome composition was not associated with diarrhea, vomiting, and other parameters of gastroenteritis. Conclusions The observations assert significant microbial signatures of RVV, which is dose-dependent, and suggest manipulating these microbes as a novel approach for improving RVV efficacy. Further studies are warranted to investigate the immune status of these patients and mechanistic investigation to enhance RVV seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U Sohail
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, P.O. Box 24811, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hebah A Al Khatib
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asmaa A Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Al Ansari
- Emergency Medicine Department, Sidra Medicine, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar. .,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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44
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Oemcke LA, Anderson RC, Rakonjac J, McNabb WC, Roy NC. Whole tissue homogenization preferable to mucosal scraping in determining the temporal profile of segmented filamentous bacteria in the ileum of weanling rats. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000218. [PMID: 34151170 PMCID: PMC8209713 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are thought to play a role in small intestine immunological maturation. Studies in weanling mice have shown a positive correlation between ileal SFB abundance and plasma and faecal interleukin 17 (IL-17) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations. Although the first observation of SFB presence was reported in rats, most studies use mice. The size of the mouse ileum is a limitation whereas the rat could be a suitable alternative for sufficient samples. Changes in SFB abundance over time in rats were hypothesized to follow the pattern reported in mice and infants. We characterized the profile of SFB colonization in the ileum tissue and contents and its correlation with two immune markers of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) maturation. We also compared two published ileum collection techniques to determine which yields data on SFB abundance with least variability. Whole ileal tissue and ileal mucosal scrapings were collected from 20- to 32-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. SFB abundance was quantified from proximal, middle and distal ileal tissues, contents and faeces by quantitative PCR using SFB-specific primers. Antibody-specific ELISAs were used to determine IL-17 and IgA concentrations. Significant differences in SFB abundance were observed from whole and scraped tissues peaking at day 22. Variability in whole ileum data was less, favouring it as a better collection technique. A similar pattern of SFB abundance was observed in ileum contents and faeces peaking at day 24, suggesting faeces can be a proxy for ileal SFB abundance. SFB abundance at day 26 was higher in females than males across all samples. There were significant differences in IgA concentration between days 20, 30 and 32 and none in IL-17 concentration, which was different from reports in mice and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Oemcke
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rachel C. Anderson
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jasna Rakonjac
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C. McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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45
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Garber JM, Hennet T, Szymanski CM. Significance of fucose in intestinal health and disease. Mol Microbiol 2021; 115:1086-1093. [PMID: 33434389 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The deoxyhexose sugar L-fucose is important for many biological processes within the human body and the associated microbiota. This carbohydrate is abundant in host gut mucosal surfaces, numerous microbial cell surface structures, and some dietary carbohydrates. Fucosylated oligosaccharides facilitate the establishment of a healthy microbiota and provide protection from infection. However, there are instances where pathogens can also exploit these fucosylated structures to cause infection. Furthermore, deficiencies in host fucosylation are associated with specific disease outcomes. This review focuses on our current understanding of the impact of fucosylation within the mucosal environment of the gastrointestinal tract with a specific emphasis on the mediatory effects in host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene M Garber
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine M Szymanski
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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46
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Bilate AM, London M, Castro TBR, Mesin L, Bortolatto J, Kongthong S, Harnagel A, Victora GD, Mucida D. T Cell Receptor Is Required for Differentiation, but Not Maintenance, of Intestinal CD4 + Intraepithelial Lymphocytes. Immunity 2020; 53:1001-1014.e20. [PMID: 33022229 PMCID: PMC7677182 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The gut epithelium is populated by intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), a heterogeneous T cell population with cytotoxic and regulatory properties, which can be acquired at the epithelial layer. However, the role of T cell receptor (TCR) in this process remains unclear. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed distinct clonal expansions between cell states, with CD4+CD8αα+ IELs being one of the least diverse populations. Conditional deletion of TCR on differentiating CD4+ T cells or of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II on intestinal epithelial cells prevented CD4+CD8αα+ IEL differentiation. However, TCR ablation on differentiated CD4+CD8αα+ IELs or long-term cognate antigen withdraw did not affect their maintenance. TCR re-engagement of antigen-specific CD4+CD8αα+ IELs by Listeria monocytogenes did not alter their state but correlated with reduced bacterial invasion. Thus, local antigen recognition is an essential signal for differentiation of CD4+ T cells at the epithelium, yet differentiated IELs are able to preserve an effector program in the absence of TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina M Bilate
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Mariya London
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tiago B R Castro
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Luka Mesin
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juliana Bortolatto
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Suppawat Kongthong
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Audrey Harnagel
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriel D Victora
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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47
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Redweik GAJ, Kogut MH, Arsenault RJ, Mellata M. Oral Treatment With Ileal Spores Triggers Immunometabolic Shifts in Chicken Gut. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:629. [PMID: 33102558 PMCID: PMC7506159 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The animal gut is a major site affecting productivity via its role in mediating functions like food conversion and pathogen colonization. Live microorganisms like probiotics are widely used to improve poultry productivity. However, given that chicks receive their microbiota from the environment at-hatch, a bacterial treatment that can stimulate gut immune maturation in early life can benefit animal health. Thus, our lab has begun investigating alternative means to improve poultry health via single inoculation with microbial spores. In this study, we orally-inoculated day-old chicks with ileal scrapings (ISs) enriched for spores via chloroform treatment (SPORE) or non-treated (CON). At 3, 7, and 14 days post-inoculation (dpi), gut permeability was measured via FITC-dextran assay in serum. Additionally, small intestinal scrapings (SISs) were tested for in vitro Salmonella killing and total IgA. Lastly, distal ileum was either fixed or flash-frozen for microscopy or kinome peptide array, respectively. Using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, SPORE and CON inocula were highly-similar in bacterial composition. However, spores were detected in SPORE but not in CON inoculum. Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) filaments were observed in the distal ileum in SPORE birds as early as 3 dpi and all birds at 7 and 14 dpi. Additionally, SFB were detected via PCR in the ceca, colonizing all SPORE birds at 3 dpi. At 3 dpi, SPORE birds exhibited lower gut permeability vs. CON. In SPORE birds, SISs induced greater Salmonella growth in vitro at 3 dpi yet significantly-reduced Salmonella load at 7 and 14 dpi compared to CON in an IgA-independent manner. SPORE distal ileal tissue exhibited unique upregulation of several immunometabolic processes vs. CON birds, including innate (Toll-like receptor, JAK-STAT) and adaptive (T/B cell receptor, TH17 differentiation) immune pathways, PI3K/Akt signaling, mTOR signaling, and insulin-related pathways. Collectively, these data suggest oral inoculation with ileal spores generally-improved gut health. Importance: We report that ileal, spore-forming commensal microbes have potent effects on ileum immunometabolism. Additionally, we identify a functional ileal phenotype in spore-treated chickens, which matched several of the observed immunometabolic changes and was associated with SFB colonization in the ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A J Redweik
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Michael H Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ryan J Arsenault
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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48
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Bistoletti M, Bosi A, Banfi D, Giaroni C, Baj A. The microbiota-gut-brain axis: Focus on the fundamental communication pathways. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 176:43-110. [PMID: 33814115 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bistoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Banfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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49
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Galan-Ros J, Ramos-Arenas V, Conesa-Zamora P. Predictive values of colon microbiota in the treatment response to colorectal cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:1045-1059. [PMID: 32896201 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between the colon mucosa and the microbiota represents a complex and delicate equilibrium. Gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer (CRC) are associated with a state of altered microbiota composition known as dysbiosis, which seems to play a causative role in some of these illnesses. Recent reports have shown that the colorectal microbiome is responsible for the response and safety to treatments against CRC, especially immunotherapy, hence opening the possibility to use bacteria as a predictive marker and also as a therapeutic agent. The review objective is to summarize updated reports about the the implication of the colorectal microbiome in the development of CRC, in treatment response and its potential as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Galan-Ros
- Microbiology Department, Santa Lucia University Hospital (HGUSL), Cartagena, 30202, Spain
| | - Verónica Ramos-Arenas
- Clinical Analysis Department, Santa Lucia University Hospital (HGUSL), Cartagena, 30202, Spain
| | - Pablo Conesa-Zamora
- Clinical Analysis Department, Santa Lucia University Hospital (HGUSL), Cartagena, 30202, Spain.,Department of Histology & Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, 30107, Spain.,Research Group on Molecular Pathology & Pharmacogenetics, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Calle Mezquita sn, Cartagena, 30202, Spain
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50
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Genome sequence of segmented filamentous bacteria present in the human intestine. Commun Biol 2020; 3:485. [PMID: 32887924 PMCID: PMC7474095 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are unique immune modulatory bacteria colonizing the small intestine of a variety of animals in a host-specific manner. SFB exhibit filamentous growth and attach to the host’s intestinal epithelium, offering a physical route of interaction. SFB affect functions of the host immune system, among them IgA production and T-cell maturation. Until now, no human-specific SFB genome has been reported. Here, we report the metagenomic reconstruction of an SFB genome from a human ileostomy sample. Phylogenomic analysis clusters the genome with SFB genomes from mouse, rat and turkey, but the genome is genetically distinct, displaying 65–71% average amino acid identity to the others. By screening human faecal metagenomic datasets, we identified individuals carrying sequences identical to the new SFB genome. We thus conclude that a unique SFB variant exists in humans and foresee a renewed interest in the elucidation of SFB functionality in this environment. Hans Jonsson et al. report the metagenomic reconstruction of the genome of a potentially immune modulatory segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) from a human ileostomy sample. They demonstrate that the genome clusters closely with SFB genomes from other species. They also detect the unique SFB variant in human faecal metagenomics datasets.
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