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Wang YC, Tsai CH, Wang YC, Yen LC, Chang YW, Sun JR, Lin TY, Chiu CH, Chao YC, Chang FY. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, rather than spike protein, triggers a cytokine storm originating from lung epithelial cells in patients with COVID-19. Infection 2024; 52:955-983. [PMID: 38133713 PMCID: PMC11143065 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to elucidate the factors associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that may initiate cytokine cascades and correlate the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with their serum cytokine profiles. METHODS Recombinant baculoviruses displaying SARS-CoV-2 spike or nucleocapsid protein were constructed and transfected into A549 cells and THP-1-derived macrophages, to determine which protein initiate cytokine release. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers and cytokine profiles of patients with COVID-19 were determined, and the results were associated with their clinical characteristics, such as development of pneumonia or length of hospital stay. RESULTS The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, rather than the spike protein, triggers lung epithelial A549 cells to express IP-10, RANTES, IL-16, MIP-1α, basic FGF, eotaxin, IL-15, PDGF-BB, TRAIL, VEGF-A, and IL-5. Additionally, serum CTACK, basic FGF, GRO-α, IL-1α, IL-1RA, IL-2Rα, IL-9, IL-15, IL-16, IL-18, IP-10, M-CSF, MIF, MIG, RANTES, SCGF-β, SDF-1α, TNF-α, TNF-β, VEGF, PDGF-BB, TRAIL, β-NGF, eotaxin, GM-CSF, IFN-α2, INF-γ, and MCP-1 levels were considerably increased in patients with COVID-19. Among them, patients with pneumonia had higher serum IP-10 and M-CSF levels than patients without. Patients requiring less than 3 weeks to show negative COVID-19 tests after contracting COVID-19 had higher serum IP-10 levels than the remaining patients. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that nucleocapsid protein, lung epithelial cells, and IP-10 may be potential targets for the development of new strategies to prevent, or control, severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chuan Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11499, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Chih Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11499, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Chen Yen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11499, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yao-Wen Chang
- Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, 32551, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jun-Ren Sun
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11499, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Te-Yu Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11499, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11499, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yu-Chan Chao
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Nature Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Feng-Yee Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11499, Taiwan, ROC
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Gaucher J, Montellier E, Vial G, Chuffart F, Guellerin M, Bouyon S, Lemarie E, Yamaryo-Botté Y, Dirani A, Ben Messaoud R, Faure MJ, Ribuot DG, Costentin C, Tamisier R, Botté CY, Khochbin S, Rousseaux S, Pépin JL. Long-term intermittent hypoxia in mice induces inflammatory pathways implicated in sleep apnea and steatohepatitis in humans. iScience 2024; 27:108837. [PMID: 38303705 PMCID: PMC10830848 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) induces intermittent hypoxia (IH), an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). While the molecular links between IH and NAFLD progression are unclear, immune cell-driven inflammation plays a crucial role in NAFLD pathogenesis. Using lean mice exposed to long-term IH and a cohort of lean OSA patients (n = 71), we conducted comprehensive hepatic transcriptomics, lipidomics, and targeted serum proteomics. Significantly, we demonstrated that long-term IH alone can induce NASH molecular signatures found in human steatohepatitis transcriptomic data. Biomarkers (PPARs, NRFs, arachidonic acid, IL16, IL20, IFNB, TNF-α) associated with early hepatic and systemic inflammation were identified. This molecular link between IH, sleep apnea, and steatohepatitis merits further exploration in clinical trials, advocating for integrating sleep apnea diagnosis in liver disease phenotyping. Our unique signatures offer potential diagnostic and treatment response markers, highlighting therapeutic targets in the comorbidity of NAFLD and OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Gaucher
- Hypoxia and Physio-Pathology Laboratory (HP2) INSERM U1300, University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, and Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Emilie Montellier
- Cancers and Biomarkers Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Vial
- Hypoxia and Physio-Pathology Laboratory (HP2) INSERM U1300, University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, and Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Florent Chuffart
- Epigenetics Regulation Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Maëlle Guellerin
- Hypoxia and Physio-Pathology Laboratory (HP2) INSERM U1300, University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, and Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Bouyon
- Hypoxia and Physio-Pathology Laboratory (HP2) INSERM U1300, University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, and Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Emeline Lemarie
- Hypoxia and Physio-Pathology Laboratory (HP2) INSERM U1300, University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, and Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Yoshiki Yamaryo-Botté
- Apicolipid Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Aya Dirani
- Hypoxia and Physio-Pathology Laboratory (HP2) INSERM U1300, University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, and Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Raoua Ben Messaoud
- Hypoxia and Physio-Pathology Laboratory (HP2) INSERM U1300, University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, and Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Joyeux Faure
- Hypoxia and Physio-Pathology Laboratory (HP2) INSERM U1300, University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, and Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Diane Godin Ribuot
- Hypoxia and Physio-Pathology Laboratory (HP2) INSERM U1300, University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, and Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Charlotte Costentin
- Hypoxia and Physio-Pathology Laboratory (HP2) INSERM U1300, University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, and Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- Hypoxia and Physio-Pathology Laboratory (HP2) INSERM U1300, University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, and Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Cyrille Y. Botté
- Apicolipid Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- Epigenetics Regulation Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- Epigenetics Regulation Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- Hypoxia and Physio-Pathology Laboratory (HP2) INSERM U1300, University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, and Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
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Li XP, Chen GY, Zhang J, Li DL, Feng JX. A teleost interleukin-16 is implicated in peripheral blood leukocytes recruitment and anti-bacterial immunity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:821-829. [PMID: 34339785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-16 (IL-16), as a lymphocyte chemoattractant cytokine, plays a crucial role in regulating cellular activities and anti-pathogen immunity. In teleost, the information about the antibacterial effect of IL-16 is scarce. In our study, we examined the immune functions of an IL-16 homologue (CsIL-16) from tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. The CsIL-16 precursor (proCsIL-16) is comprised of 1181 amino acid residues, sharing 21.1%-67.3% identities with IL-16 precursor from invertebrate and vertebrate. The C-terminal proCsIL-16 containing two PDZ domains was designated as mature CsIL-16 which was released into the supernatant of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). CsIL-16 was expressed in various tissues and regulated by bacterial invasion. Recombinant CsIL-16 (rCsIL-16), as a homodimer, was able to bind to the membrane of PBLs and played essential roles in regulating chemotaxis and activation of PBLs, which in vitro inhibited intracellular survival of E. tarda. Under in vivo condition, rCsIL-16 could dramatically regulate the induction of inflammatory genes, and suppress the bacterial dissemination in fish tissues. Collectively, our results reveal that CsIL-16 plays positive roles in antibacterial immunity, and provide insights into the immune function of CsIL-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Peng Li
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Deng-Lai Li
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Ji-Xing Feng
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
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Poston TB, Lee DE, Darville T, Zhong W, Dong L, O'Connell CM, Wiesenfeld HC, Hillier SL, Sempowski GD, Zheng X. Cervical Cytokines Associated With Chlamydia trachomatis Susceptibility and Protection. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:330-339. [PMID: 30820577 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia trachomatis can cause reproductive morbidities after ascending to the upper genital tract of women, and repeated infection can lead to worse disease. Data related to protective immune responses at the cervical mucosa that could limit chlamydial infection to the cervix and/or prevent reinfection inform vaccine approaches and biomarkers of risk. METHODS We measured 48 cytokines in cervical secretions from women having chlamydial cervical infection alone (n = 92) or both cervical and endometrial infection (n = 68). Univariable regression identified cytokines associated with differential odds of endometrial infection and reinfection risk, and multivariable stepwise regression identified cytokine ratios associated with differential risk. RESULTS Elevated interleukin (IL) 15/CXCL10 (odds ratio [OR], 0.55 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .37-.78]), IL-16/tumor necrosis factor-α (OR, 0.66 [95% CI, .45-.93]), and CXCL14/IL-17A (OR, 0.73 [95% CI, .54-.97]) cytokine ratios were significantly (P ≤ .05) associated with decreased odds of endometrial infection. A higher Flt-3L/IL-14 ratio was significantly (P = .001) associated with a decreased risk of reinfection (hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, .58-.88]). CONCLUSIONS Cytokines involved in humoral, type I interferon, and T-helper (Th) 17 responses were associated with susceptibility to C. trachomatis, whereas cytokines involved in Th1 polarization, recruitment, and activation were associated with protection against ascension and reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Poston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - De'Ashia E Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Toni Darville
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Wujuan Zhong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Harold C Wiesenfeld
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Magee-Womens Research Institute Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharon L Hillier
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Magee-Womens Research Institute Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xiaojing Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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5
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Li C, Dai J, Dong G, Ma Q, Li Z, Zhang H, Yan F, Zhang J, Wang B, Shi H, Zhu Y, Yao X, Si C, Xiong H. Interleukin-16 aggravates ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation by enhancing Th2 and Th17 cytokine production in a mouse model. Immunology 2019; 157:257-267. [PMID: 31120548 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves a variety of cytokines and cells. Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is highly expressed during allergic airway inflammation and is involved in its development. However, its specific mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, we used an animal model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma with mice harboring an IL-16 gene deletion to investigate the role of this cytokine in asthma, in addition to its underlying mechanism. Increased IL-16 expression was observed during OVA-induced asthma in C57BL/6J mice. However, when OVA was used to induce asthma in IL-16-/- mice, a diminished inflammatory reaction, decreased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) eosinophil numbers, and the suppression of OVA-specific IgE levels in the serum and BALF were observed. The results also demonstrated decreased levels of T helper type 2 (Th2) and Th17 cytokines upon OVA-induced asthma in IL-16-/- mice. Hence, we confirmed that IL-16 enhances the lung allergic inflammatory response and suggest a mechanism possibly associated with the up-regulation of IgE and the promotion of Th2 and Th17 cytokine production. This work explored the mechanism underlying the regulation of IL-16 in asthma and provides a new target for the clinical treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Qun Ma
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Fenglian Yan
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhu
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoying Yao
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanping Si
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Lefaudeux D, De Meulder B, Loza MJ, Peffer N, Rowe A, Baribaud F, Bansal AT, Lutter R, Sousa AR, Corfield J, Pandis I, Bakke PS, Caruso M, Chanez P, Dahlén SE, Fleming LJ, Fowler SJ, Horvath I, Krug N, Montuschi P, Sanak M, Sandstrom T, Shaw DE, Singer F, Sterk PJ, Roberts G, Adcock IM, Djukanovic R, Auffray C, Chung KF, Adriaens N, Ahmed H, Aliprantis A, Alving K, Badorek P, Balgoma D, Barber C, Bautmans A, Behndig AF, Bel E, Beleta J, Berglind A, Berton A, Bigler J, Bisgaard H, Bochenek G, Boedigheimer MJ, Bøonnelykke K, Brandsma J, Braun A, Brinkman P, Burg D, Campagna D, Carayannopoulos L, Carvalho da Purfição Rocha JP, Chaiboonchoe A, Chaleckis R, Coleman C, Compton C, D'Amico A, Dahlén B, De Alba J, de Boer P, De Lepeleire I, Dekker T, Delin I, Dennison P, Dijkhuis A, Draper A, Edwards J, Emma R, Ericsson M, Erpenbeck V, Erzen D, Faulenbach C, Fichtner K, Fitch N, Flood B, Frey U, Gahlemann M, Galffy G, Gallart H, Garret T, Geiser T, Gent J, Gerhardsson de Verdier M, Gibeon D, Gomez C, Gove K, Gozzard N, Guo YK, Hashimoto S, Haughney J, Hedlin G, Hekking PP, Henriksson E, Hewitt L, Higgenbottam T, Hoda U, Hohlfeld J, Holweg C, Howarth P, Hu R, Hu S, Hu X, Hudson V, James AJ, Kamphuis J, Kennington EJ, Kerry D, Klüglich M, Knobel H, Knowles R, Knox A, Kolmert J, Konradsen J, Kots M, Krueger L, Kuo S, Kupczyk M, Lambrecht B, Lantz AS, Larsson L, Lazarinis N, Lone-Satif S, Marouzet L, Martin J, Masefield S, Mathon C, Matthews JG, Mazein A, Meah S, Maiser A, Menzies-Gow A, Metcalf L, Middelveld R, Mikus M, Miralpeix M, Monk P, Mores N, Murray CS, Musial J, Myles D, Naz S, Nething K, Nicholas B, Nihlen U, Nilsson P, Nordlund B, Östling J, Pacino A, Pahus L, Palkonnen S, Pavlidis S, Pennazza G, Petrén A, Pink S, Postle A, Powel P, Rahman-Amin M, Rao N, Ravanetti L, Ray E, Reinke S, Reynolds L, Riemann K, Riley J, Robberechts M, Roberts A, Rossios C, Russell K, Rutgers M, Santini G, Sentoninco M, Schoelch C, Schofield JP, Seibold W, Sigmund R, Sjödin M, Skipp PJ, Smids B, Smith C, Smith J, Smith KM, Söderman P, Sogbesan A, Staykova D, Strandberg K, Sun K, Supple D, Szentkereszty M, Tamasi L, Tariq K, Thörngren JO, Thornton B, Thorsen J, Valente S, van Aalderenm W, van de Pol M, van Drunen K, van Geest M, Versnel J, Vestbo J, Vink A, Vissing N, von Garnier C, Wagerner A, Wagers S, Wald F, Walker S, Ward J, Weiszhart Z, Wetzel K, Wheelock CE, Wiegman C, Williams S, Wilson SJ, Woosdcock A, Yang X, Yeyashingham E, Yu W, Zetterquist W, Zwinderman K. U-BIOPRED clinical adult asthma clusters linked to a subset of sputum omics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1797-1807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Andersson A, Malmhäll C, Houltz B, Tengvall S, Sjöstrand M, Qvarfordt I, Lindén A, Bossios A. Interleukin-16-producing NK cells and T-cells in the blood of tobacco smokers with and without COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:2245-2258. [PMID: 27695312 PMCID: PMC5029848 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s103758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term exposure to tobacco smoke causes local inflammation in the airways that involves not only innate immune cells, including NK cells, but also adaptive immune cells such as cytotoxic (CD8+) and helper (CD4+) T-cells. We have previously demonstrated that long-term tobacco smoking increases extracellular concentration of the CD4+-recruiting cytokine interleukin (IL)-16 locally in the airways. Here, we hypothesized that tobacco smoking alters IL-16 biology at the systemic level and that this effect involves oxygen free radicals (OFR). Methods We quantified extracellular IL-16 protein (ELISA) and intracellular IL-16 in NK cells, T-cells, B-cells, and monocytes (flow cytometry) in blood samples from long-term tobacco smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in never-smokers. NK cells from healthy blood donors were stimulated with water-soluble tobacco smoke components (cigarette smoke extract) with or without an OFR scavenger (glutathione) in vitro and followed by quantification of IL-16 protein. Results The extracellular concentrations of IL-16 protein in blood did not display any substantial differences between groups. Notably, intracellular IL-16 protein was detected in all types of blood leukocytes. All long-term smokers displayed a decrease in this IL-16 among NK cells, irrespective of COPD status. Further, both NK and CD4+ T-cell concentrations displayed a negative correlation with pack-years. Moreover, cigarette smoke extract caused release of IL-16 protein from NK cells in vitro, and this was not affected by glutathione, in contrast to the decrease in intracellular IL-16, which was prevented by this drug. Conclusion Long-term exposure to tobacco smoke does not markedly alter extracellular concentrations of IL-16 protein in blood. However, it does decrease the intracellular IL-16 concentrations in blood NK cells, the latter effect involving OFR. Thus, long-term tobacco smoking exerts an impact at the systemic level that involves NK cells; innate immune cells that are critical for host defense against viruses and tumors – conditions that are overrepresented among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Andersson
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Malmhäll
- Krefting Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Houltz
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Tengvall
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sjöstrand
- Krefting Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Qvarfordt
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindén
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Apostolos Bossios
- Krefting Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Murota A, Suzuki K, Kassai Y, Miyazaki T, Morita R, Kondo Y, Takeshita M, Niki Y, Yoshimura A, Takeuchi T. Serum proteomic analysis identifies interleukin 16 as a biomarker for clinical response during early treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Cytokine 2016; 78:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Grönberg C, Bengtsson E, Fredrikson GN, Nitulescu M, Asciutto G, Persson A, Andersson L, Nilsson J, Gonçalves I, Björkbacka H. Human Carotid Plaques With High Levels of Interleukin-16 Are Associated With Reduced Risk for Cardiovascular Events. Stroke 2015; 46:2748-54. [PMID: 26330445 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.009910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Interleukin-16 (IL-16) functions as a regulator of T-cell growth and acts as an inducer of cell migration. The aim of this study was to determine whether IL-16 measured in human carotid plaques was associated with symptoms (eg, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or amaurosis fugax), markers of plaque stability, and postoperative cardiovascular events. METHODS Plaques obtained from patients who had ≥1 cerebrovascular ischemic events within 1 month before endarterectomy (n=111) were compared with plaques from patients without symptoms (n=95). Neutral lipids, smooth muscle cell, and macrophage contents were evaluated histologically, and collagen, elastin, and caspase-3 activity were measured biochemically. IL-16, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases were measured in plaque homogenates using a multiplex immunoassay. IL-16, CD3, CD4, and FoxP3 mRNA expressions in carotid plaques were analyzed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Carotid plaques from asymptomatic patients had higher levels of IL-16 mRNA. High plaque IL-16 protein levels (above median) were associated with reduced incidence of postoperative cardiovascular events during a mean follow-up of 21 months (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-0.99; P=0.047). IL-16 levels correlated with the plaque-stabilizing components: elastin, collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-2, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 and FoxP3 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that high levels of IL-16 are associated with asymptomatic carotid plaques, expression of factors contributing to plaque stability, and decreased risk of new cardiovascular events during a 2-year period after surgery, suggesting that IL-16 might have a protective role in human atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitríona Grönberg
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences (C.G., E.B., G.N.F., M.N., A.P., L.A., J.N., I.G., H.B.) and Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund (G.A.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Eva Bengtsson
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences (C.G., E.B., G.N.F., M.N., A.P., L.A., J.N., I.G., H.B.) and Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund (G.A.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Nordin Fredrikson
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences (C.G., E.B., G.N.F., M.N., A.P., L.A., J.N., I.G., H.B.) and Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund (G.A.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mihaela Nitulescu
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences (C.G., E.B., G.N.F., M.N., A.P., L.A., J.N., I.G., H.B.) and Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund (G.A.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Asciutto
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences (C.G., E.B., G.N.F., M.N., A.P., L.A., J.N., I.G., H.B.) and Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund (G.A.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Persson
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences (C.G., E.B., G.N.F., M.N., A.P., L.A., J.N., I.G., H.B.) and Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund (G.A.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Andersson
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences (C.G., E.B., G.N.F., M.N., A.P., L.A., J.N., I.G., H.B.) and Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund (G.A.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences (C.G., E.B., G.N.F., M.N., A.P., L.A., J.N., I.G., H.B.) and Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund (G.A.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences (C.G., E.B., G.N.F., M.N., A.P., L.A., J.N., I.G., H.B.) and Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund (G.A.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Harry Björkbacka
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences (C.G., E.B., G.N.F., M.N., A.P., L.A., J.N., I.G., H.B.) and Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund (G.A.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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−295 T-to-C promoter region IL-16 gene polymorphism is associated with Whipple’s disease. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:1919-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Tang W, Kowgier M, Loth DW, Soler Artigas M, Joubert BR, Hodge E, Gharib SA, Smith AV, Ruczinski I, Gudnason V, Mathias RA, Harris TB, Hansel NN, Launer LJ, Barnes KC, Hansen JG, Albrecht E, Aldrich MC, Allerhand M, Barr RG, Brusselle GG, Couper DJ, Curjuric I, Davies G, Deary IJ, Dupuis J, Fall T, Foy M, Franceschini N, Gao W, Gläser S, Gu X, Hancock DB, Heinrich J, Hofman A, Imboden M, Ingelsson E, James A, Karrasch S, Koch B, Kritchevsky SB, Kumar A, Lahousse L, Li G, Lind L, Lindgren C, Liu Y, Lohman K, Lumley T, McArdle WL, Meibohm B, Morris AP, Morrison AC, Musk B, North KE, Palmer LJ, Probst-Hensch NM, Psaty BM, Rivadeneira F, Rotter JI, Schulz H, Smith LJ, Sood A, Starr JM, Strachan DP, Teumer A, Uitterlinden AG, Völzke H, Voorman A, Wain LV, Wells MT, Wilk JB, Williams OD, Heckbert SR, Stricker BH, London SJ, Fornage M, Tobin MD, O′Connor GT, Hall IP, Cassano PA. Large-scale genome-wide association studies and meta-analyses of longitudinal change in adult lung function. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100776. [PMID: 24983941 PMCID: PMC4077649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci influencing cross-sectional lung function, but less is known about genes influencing longitudinal change in lung function. METHODS We performed GWAS of the rate of change in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) in 14 longitudinal, population-based cohort studies comprising 27,249 adults of European ancestry using linear mixed effects model and combined cohort-specific results using fixed effect meta-analysis to identify novel genetic loci associated with longitudinal change in lung function. Gene expression analyses were subsequently performed for identified genetic loci. As a secondary aim, we estimated the mean rate of decline in FEV1 by smoking pattern, irrespective of genotypes, across these 14 studies using meta-analysis. RESULTS The overall meta-analysis produced suggestive evidence for association at the novel IL16/STARD5/TMC3 locus on chromosome 15 (P = 5.71 × 10(-7)). In addition, meta-analysis using the five cohorts with ≥3 FEV1 measurements per participant identified the novel ME3 locus on chromosome 11 (P = 2.18 × 10(-8)) at genome-wide significance. Neither locus was associated with FEV1 decline in two additional cohort studies. We confirmed gene expression of IL16, STARD5, and ME3 in multiple lung tissues. Publicly available microarray data confirmed differential expression of all three genes in lung samples from COPD patients compared with controls. Irrespective of genotypes, the combined estimate for FEV1 decline was 26.9, 29.2 and 35.7 mL/year in never, former, and persistent smokers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this large-scale GWAS, we identified two novel genetic loci in association with the rate of change in FEV1 that harbor candidate genes with biologically plausible functional links to lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Tang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Matthew Kowgier
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research and Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daan W. Loth
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Healthcare Inspectorate, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - María Soler Artigas
- University of Leicester, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Bonnie R. Joubert
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emily Hodge
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sina A. Gharib
- Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Albert V. Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rasika A. Mathias
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nadia N. Hansel
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathleen C. Barnes
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joyanna G. Hansen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Eva Albrecht
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Melinda C. Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael Allerhand
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - R. Graham Barr
- Division of General Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Guy G. Brusselle
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- 22 Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Ivan Curjuric
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Millennia Foy
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wei Gao
- Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sven Gläser
- Department of Internal Medicine B; Pneumology, Cardiology, Intensive Care Medicine; Field of Research: Pneumology and Pneumological Epidemiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Xiangjun Gu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dana B. Hancock
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- Behavioral Health Epidemiology Program, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany and Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK and Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alan James
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stefan Karrasch
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Institute of General Practice, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Beate Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine B; Pneumology, Cardiology, Intensive Care Medicine; Field of Research: Pneumology and Pneumological Epidemiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK and Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guo Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK and Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kurt Lohman
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas Lumley
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wendy L. McArdle
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Bernd Meibohm
- College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK and Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bill Musk
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kari E. North
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lyle J. Palmer
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research and Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Epidemiology and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole M. Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany and Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Lewis J. Smith
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Akshay Sood
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - John M. Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David P. Strachan
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Department for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, Study of Health In Pomerania (SHIP)/Clinical Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Arend Voorman
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Louise V. Wain
- University of Leicester, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Martin T. Wells
- Department of Statistical Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Jemma B. Wilk
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - O. Dale Williams
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Susan R. Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bruno H. Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Healthcare Inspectorate, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie J. London
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- University of Leicester, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - George T. O′Connor
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ian P. Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia A. Cassano
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Health Care Policy and Research, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tuzova M, Richmond J, Wolpowitz D, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Chaney K, Kupper T, Cruikshank W. CCR4+T cell recruitment to the skin in mycosis fungoides: potential contributions by thymic stromal lymphopoietin and interleukin-16. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:440-9. [PMID: 24794807 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.919634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF) is characterized by skin accumulation of CCR4+CCR7- effector memory T cells; however the mechanism for their recruitment is not clearly identified. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a keratinocyte-derived cytokine that triggers Th2 immunity and is associated with T cell recruitment to the skin in atopic dermatitis. Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is a chemoattractant and growth factor for CD4+T cells. We hypothesized that TSLP and IL-16 could contribute to recruitment of malignant T cells in MF. We found elevated TSLP and IL-16 in very early stage patients' plasma and skin biopsies, prior to elevation in CCL22. Both TSLP and IL-16 induced migratory responses of CCR4+TSLPR+CD4+CCR7-CD31+cells, characteristic of malignant T cells in the skin. Co-stimulation also resulted in significant proliferative responses. We conclude that TSLP and IL-16, expressed at early stages of disease, function to recruit malignant T cells to the skin and contribute to their enhanced proliferation.
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Yellapa A, Bitterman P, Sharma S, Guirguis AS, Bahr JM, Basu S, Abramowicz JS, Barua A. Interleukin 16 expression changes in association with ovarian malignant transformation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 210:272.e1-10. [PMID: 24380743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term unresolved inflammation has been suggested as a risk factor for the development of various malignancies. The goal of this study was to examine whether the expression of interleukin (IL)-16, a proinflammatory cytokine, changes in association with ovarian cancer (OVCA) development. STUDY DESIGN In an exploratory study, changes in IL-16 expression in association with OVCA development and progression were determined using ovarian tissues and serum samples from healthy subjects (n = 10) and patients with benign (n = 10) and malignant ovarian tumors at early (n = 8) and late (n = 20) stages. In the prospective study, laying hens, a preclinical model of spontaneous OVCA, were monitored (n = 200) for 45 weeks with serum samples collected at 15-week interval. Changes in serum levels of IL-16 relative to OVCA development were examined. RESULTS The frequency of IL-16-expressing cells increased significantly in patients with OVCA (P < .001) compared to healthy subjects and patients with benign ovarian tumors. The concentration of serum IL-16 was higher in patients with benign tumors (P < .05) than in healthy subjects and increased further in patients with early-stage (P < .05) and late-stage (P < .03) OVCA. Increase in tissue expression and serum levels of IL-16 in patients with early and late stages of OVCA were positively correlated with the increase in ovarian tumor-associated microvessels. Prospective monitoring showed that serum levels of IL-16 increase significantly (P < .002) even before ovarian tumors become grossly detectable in hens. CONCLUSION This study showed that tissue expression and serum levels of IL-16 increase in association with malignant ovarian tumor development and progression.
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Bowler RP, Bahr TM, Hughes G, Lutz S, Kim YI, Coldren CD, Reisdorph N, Kechris KJ. Integrative omics approach identifies interleukin-16 as a biomarker of emphysema. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2013; 17:619-26. [PMID: 24138069 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2013.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is a multifunctional cytokine that has been associated with autoimmune and allergic diseases. To investigate comprehensively whether IL-16 is also associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema, we performed an integrated analysis of multiple "omics" data. Over 500 subjects participating in the COPDGene® study donated blood and were clinically characterized and genetically profiled. IL-16 mRNA levels were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and protein levels were measured in fresh frozen plasma. A multivariate analysis found plasma IL-16 positively associated with age and body mass index, and negatively associated with current smoking and emphysema in the upper lobes. PBMC IL-16 expression was positively associated with gender and a composite score for airflow obstruction, emphysema, and gas trapping. Whole-genome expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis identified a novel IL-16 missense SNP (rs11556218) associated with lower IL-16 in plasma. In summary, an integrated "omics" analysis in a very large cohort identified an association between decreased IL-16 and emphysema and discovered a novel IL-16 cis-eQTL. Thus IL-16 plasma levels and IL-16 genotyping may be useful in a personalized medicine approach for lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell P Bowler
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
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Denihan NM, Looney A, Boylan GB, Walsh BH, Murray DM. Normative levels of Interleukin 16 in umbilical cord blood. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1857-9. [PMID: 23891891 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The need for early and accurate prediction of outcome in hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains critical. We have previously demonstrated that Interleukin 16 (IL-16) is raised in the umbilical cord blood (UCB) of infants with moderate and severe HIE and has the potential to be developed as a predictive biomarker. Normal reference ranges for IL-16 in UCB have not been previously described. The aim of this study was to determine normative levels of IL-16 in full term neonates using UCB following uncomplicated deliveries and to examine the effect of labour on cord IL-16 values. DESIGN AND METHODS Full term infants were recruited as part of an ongoing birth cohort study, the Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study. All had UCB drawn and bio-banked at -80°C, within 3hours of birth. Samples for this experiment were chosen from this population based cohort study to represent uncomplicated pre-labour caesarean sections and spontaneous vaginal deliveries. Analysis was performed on plasma EDTA, using ELISA Quantikine® (R&D Systems, Europe). RESULTS Samples were analysed from 48 infants with two modes of delivery; spontaneous vaginal delivery (n=12 male, n=12 female) and elective caesarean section (n=12 male, n=12 female). The range of all samples was normally distributed between 87.0 and 114.6pg/ml. Overall mean (SD) for IL-16 was 102.9 (21.5) pg/ml. Levels were not affected by spontaneous vaginal delivery or gender. CONCLUSION For the first time we have described the expected range of cord plasma IL-16 levels in healthy term infants following pre-labour and post-labour delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Denihan
- Neonatal Brain Research Group, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
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16
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Gibeon D, Menzies-Gow AN. Targeting interleukins to treat severe asthma. Expert Rev Respir Med 2013; 6:423-39. [PMID: 22971067 DOI: 10.1586/ers.12.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Severe asthma is thought to be a heterogeneous disease with different phenotypes predicated primarily on the nature of the inflammatory cell infiltrate and response to corticosteroid therapy. This group of patients often has refractory disease with an associated increase in morbidity and mortality, and there remains a need for better therapies for severe asthmatics. Inflammatory changes in asthma are driven by immune mechanisms, within which interleukins play an integral role. Interleukins are cell-signaling cytokines that are produced by a variety of cells, predominantly T cells. Knowledge about their actions has improved the understanding of the pathogenesis of asthma and provided potential targets for novel therapies. To date, this has not translated into clinical use. However, there are ongoing clinical trials that use monoclonal antibodies for various interleukins, some of which have shown to be promising in Phase II studies.
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Malinovschi A, Janson C, Högman M, Rolla G, Torén K, Norbäck D, Olin AC. Bronchial responsiveness is related to increased exhaled NO (FE(NO)) in non-smokers and decreased FE(NO) in smokers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35725. [PMID: 22563393 PMCID: PMC3338521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Both atopy and smoking are known to be associated with increased bronchial responsiveness. Fraction of nitric oxide (NO) in the exhaled air (FE(NO)), a marker of airways inflammation, is decreased by smoking and increased by atopy. NO has also a physiological bronchodilating and bronchoprotective role. OBJECTIVES To investigate how the relation between FE(NO) and bronchial responsiveness is modulated by atopy and smoking habits. METHODS Exhaled NO measurements and methacholine challenge were performed in 468 subjects from the random sample of three European Community Respiratory Health Survey II centers: Turin (Italy), Gothenburg and Uppsala (both Sweden). Atopy status was defined by using specific IgE measurements while smoking status was questionnaire-assessed. MAIN RESULTS Increased bronchial responsiveness was associated with increased FE(NO) levels in non-smokers (p = 0.02) and decreased FE(NO) levels in current smokers (p = 0.03). The negative association between bronchial responsiveness and FE(NO) was seen only in the group smoking less <10 cigarettes/day (p = 0.008). Increased bronchial responsiveness was associated with increased FE(NO) in atopic subjects (p = 0.04) while no significant association was found in non-atopic participants. The reported interaction between FE(NO) and smoking and atopy, respectively were maintained after adjusting for possible confounders (p-values<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights the interactions of the relationship between FE(NO) and bronchial responsiveness with smoking and atopy, suggesting different mechanisms behind atopy- and smoking-related increases of bronchial responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences: Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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18
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Abstract
The airway epithelial cell is the initial cell type impacted both by inhaled environmental factors, such as pathogens, allergens, and pollutants, and inhaled medications for airway diseases. As such, epithelial cells are now recognized to play a central role in the regulation of airway inflammatory status, structure, and function in normal and diseased airways. This article reviews our current knowledge regarding the roles of the epithelial cell in airway inflammation and host defense. The interactions of inhaled environmental factors and pathogens with epithelial cells are also discussed, with an emphasis on epithelial innate immune responses and contributions of epithelial cells to immune regulation. Recent evidence suggesting that epithelial cells play an active role in inducing several of the structural changes, collectively referred to airway remodeling, seen in the airways of asthmatic subjects is reviewed. Finally, the concept that the epithelium is a major target for the actions of a number of classes of inhaled medications is discussed, as are the potential mechanisms by which selected drugs may alter epithelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Proud
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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19
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Croq F, Vizioli J, Tuzova M, Tahtouh M, Sautiere PE, Van Camp C, Salzet M, Cruikshank WW, Pestel J, Lefebvre C. A homologous form of human interleukin 16 is implicated in microglia recruitment following nervous system injury in leech Hirudo medicinalis. Glia 2011; 58:1649-62. [PMID: 20578037 DOI: 10.1002/glia.21036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to mammals, the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis can completely repair its central nervous system (CNS) after injury. This invertebrate model offers unique opportunities to study the molecular and cellular basis of the CNS repair processes. When the leech CNS is injured, microglial cells migrate and accumulate at the site of lesion, a phenomenon known to be essential for the usual sprouting of injured axons. In the present study, we demonstrate that a new molecule, designated HmIL-16, having functional homologies with human interleukin-16 (IL-16), has chemotactic activity on leech microglial cells as observed using a gradient of human IL-16. Preincubation of microglial cells either with an anti-human IL-16 antibody or with anti-HmIL-16 antibody significantly reduced microglia migration induced by leech-conditioned medium. Functional homology was demonstrated further by the ability of HmIL-16 to promote human CD4+ T cell migration which was inhibited by antibody against human IL-16, an IL-16 antagonist peptide or soluble CD4. Immunohistochemistry of leech CNS indicates that HmIL-16 protein present in the neurons is rapidly transported and stored along the axonal processes to promote the recruitment of microglial cells to the injured axons. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of a functional interleukin-16 homologue in invertebrate CNS. The ability of HmIL-16 to recruit microglial cells to sites of CNS injury suggests a role for HmIL-16 in the crosstalk between neurons and microglia in the leech CNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Croq
- Université Lille Nord de France, Université Lille 1, Laboratoire de Neuroimmunologie des Annélides, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, FRE 3249, IFR 147, F59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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20
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Yadav S, Shi Y, Wang H. IL-16 effects on A549 lung epithelial cells: dependence on CD9 as an IL-16 receptor? J Immunotoxicol 2011; 7:183-93. [PMID: 20307249 DOI: 10.3109/15476911003649346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine released by many types of cells found in the lungs, including normal airway and alveolar epithelial cells. Though a chemotactin for CD4(+) cells and eosinophils, IL-16 also modulates their production of factors that influence inflammatory lung diseases, e.g., asthma and allergic rhinitis. To date, little is known about any potential autocrine-like regulatory effects of IL-16. Using a model human alveolar basal epithelial A549 cell line, the present study sought to assess lung epithelial cell responses to IL-16. Potential induced effects on cell growth/function were assessed using MTT reduction, lactate dehydrogenase release, and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation assays. As IL-16 (at locally high levels) can induce CD4(+) cell death via apoptosis, this potential outcome among the A549 cells was also evaluated using TUNEL and changes in expression of caspase-3 and the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins of Bcl-2 family. The data here indicated that IL-16 inhibited A549 cell growth/function and this was associated with a marked increase in apoptosis characterized by DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3, and altered pro-apoptotic protein expression. Since lung epithelial cells lack the CD4 that may bind IL-16, it has been suggested that CD9 may act as an alternate receptor for this cytokine (i.e., an IL-16R). Thus, these studies also sought to determine the extent of CD9 expression on A549 cells and if any/all observed IL-16-induced changes were mediated by CD9. Flow cytometric analyses revealed the cells to be CD9(+)CD4(-). However, neutralization of the purported IL-16R with anti-CD9 antibody could not block the cytotoxic/growth inhibiting effects of IL-16. The only exception appeared to be a mitigation of a chemotactic effect of IL-16; however, studies with an equal amount of non-specific antibody (of same isotype as the anti-CD9) revealed this effect to be artefactual. The neutralization study results thus suggest to us that as-yet undefined pathway(s) exist through which IL-16 may act to exert growth inhibiting/apoptosis-inducing effects on A549 cells, a cell line routinely used as a model for lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Yadav
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University New Orleans, LA, USA
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21
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Thornton CA, Holloway JA, Shute JK, Holloway JW, Diaper ND, Warner JO. Human mid-gestation amniotic fluid contains interleukin-16 bioactivity. Immunology 2009; 126:543-51. [PMID: 19278422 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4-positive cells are detectable in the human fetal gastrointestinal tract from 11 weeks of gestation. Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is a chemoattractant for CD4(+) cells and, via fetal swallowing of amniotic fluid, could mediate the influx of CD4(+) cells into the fetal gut. We have shown that IL-16 was detectable in human amniotic fluid at 16-18 weeks of gestation (mid-pregnancy) but was not detectable at term (late pregnancy; > 37 weeks of gestation). Similarly, mid-pregnancy, but not late pregnancy, amniotic fluid contained chemotactic activity for CD4(+) T cells, this activity was reduced by 58% in the presence of a neutralizing anti-IL-16 antibody. The levels of IL-16 in fetal plasma at 16-24 weeks of gestation were very high, and decreased significantly by 25-36 weeks but at > 37 weeks remained significantly higher than adult levels. IL-16 transcripts were detectable in whole tissue extracts of fetal gut, skin and placenta but not in amniocytes, and IL-16 immunoreactivity was detectable in cells within the lamina propria of the fetal gut and within the skin, where it was associated with the basement membrane. Neither IL-16 levels nor chemotactic activity for CD4(+) T cells in mid-pregnancy amniotic fluid was related to atopic outcomes at 1 year of age. IL-16 might have an important role in the early development of the human immune system and/or in regulating fetal and maternal immunological responsiveness during pregnancy.
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Jana M, Pahan K. IL-12 p40 homodimer, but not IL-12 p70, induces the expression of IL-16 in microglia and macrophages. Mol Immunol 2008; 46:773-83. [PMID: 19100623 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-16, a leukocyte chemoattractant factor (LCF), is involved in the disease process of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders. However, mechanisms by which this LCF is expressed are poorly understood. The present study underlines the importance of IL-12 p40 homodimer (p40(2)), the so-called biologically inactive molecule, in inducing the expression of IL-16 in primary mouse and human microglia, mouse BV-2 microglial cells, mouse peritoneal macrophages, and RAW264.7 cells. In contrast, IL-12 p70, the bioactive heterodimeric cytokine, was unable to induce the expression of IL-16 in any of these cell types. Similarly IL-12 p40(2) also induced the activation of IL-16 promoter in microglia. Among various stimuli tested, p40(2) was the most potent one followed by p40 monomer, IL-16 and IL-23 in inducing the activation of IL-16 promoter in microglial cells. Furthermore, induction of IL-16 mRNA expression by over-expression of p40, but not p35, cDNA and induction of IL-16 expression by p40(2) in microglia isolated from IL-12p35 (-/-) mice confirm that p40, but not p35, is responsible for the induction of IL-16. Finally, by using primary microglia isolated from IL-12Rbeta1 (-/-) and IL-12Rbeta2 (-/-) mice, we demonstrate that p40(2) induces the expression of this LCF via IL-12Rbeta1 but not IL-12Rbeta2. These results delineate a novel biological function of p40(2) and raise the possibility that biological function of IL-12 p40(2) may be different from IL-12 p70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malabendu Jana
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Cohn Research Building, Suite 320, 1735 West Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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23
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Pullerits T, Lindén A, Malmhäll C, Lötvall J. Effect of seasonal allergen exposure on mucosal IL-16 and CD4+ cells in patients with allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2001.00916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Gu XJ, Cui B, Zhao ZF, Chen HY, Li XY, Wang S, Ning G, Zhao YJ. Association of the interleukin (IL)-16 gene polymorphisms with Graves' disease. Clin Immunol 2008; 127:298-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Peters S. The impact of comorbid atopic disease on asthma: clinical expression and treatment. J Asthma 2007; 44:149-61. [PMID: 17454331 DOI: 10.1080/02770900600925478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, asthma and allergic rhinitis involve separate regions of the respiratory tract while representing a common underlying inflammatory syndrome. Much evidence supports an epidemiologic association between the diseases, paranasal sinus involvement in both conditions, and parallel relationship in severity and treatment outcomes. Pathophysiologic mechanisms, including immunoglobulin E (IgE)- mediated inflammation, are also shared. Blocking IgE with the recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody omalizumab demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with upper and lower airway diseases. IgE blockade, leukotriene modulation, and B-cell depletion therapy have all exhibited success in chronic inflammation, reinforcing and expanding the beneficial role of immunomodulation of global mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Peters
- Department of Medicine, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy & Immunologic Diseases and the Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston, NC 27157-1052, USA.
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26
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Trudelle A, El Bassam S, Pinsonneault S, Mazer B, Laberge S. Interleukin-16 Inhibits Immunoglobulin E Production by B Lymphocytes. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 143:109-18. [PMID: 17228167 DOI: 10.1159/000098659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased production of IgE is a hallmark of atopic disorders. CD4+ T cells regulate the production of Immunoglobulin (Ig) E by B cells. Interleukin (IL) 16, a CD4+ specific cytokine, is highly expressed at sites of allergic inflammation. Our aim was to determine the effect of IL-16 on IgE production in atopic subjects. METHODS Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from atopic subjects were stimulated with recombinant IL (rIL) 4 and anti-CD40 antibody to promote IgE production in the presence or absence of rIL-16 added at different time intervals prior to stimulation. The levels of IgE in cell culture supernatants collected at day 14 were measured by ELISA. The effect of IL-16 on the expression of the Cepsilon transcript was evaluated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. To evaluate whether the modulatory effect of IL-16 on IgE production was mediated by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), anti-CD40/IL-4-stimulated PBMC were cultured in the presence of rIL-16 and neutralizing concentrations of anti-IFN-gamma antibody. RESULTS PBMC stimulated with rIL-4 (400 U/ml) and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (0.5 microg/ml) produced significant amounts of IgE (range: 1.3-46.0 ng/ml). The addition of rIL-16 twenty-four hours before stimulation significantly reduced the levels of IgE released by anti-CD40/IL-4-stimulated PBMC (0.5-29.6 ng/ml, p < 0.05). IL-16 reduced the expression of the Cepsilon transcript in stimulated PBMC. IL-16 induced the expression of IFN-gamma mRNA. However, the use of anti-IFN-gamma antibody did not alter the effect of IL-16 on IgE production. Rescue doses of IL-13 did not restore the production of IgE by PBMC treated with IL-16. IL-16 did not alter IgE production in CD14-depleted cell preparations suggesting that the IL-16-mediated effects on IgE production may be related to CD14+ cells. CONCLUSION These data show that IL-16 inhibits IgE production and therefore may play an important regulatory role in atopic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Trudelle
- Laboratory of Immunology, Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada
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28
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Wen Y, Shao JZ, Xiang LX, Fang W. Cloning, characterization and expression analysis of two Tetraodon nigroviridis interleukin-16 isoform genes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 144:159-66. [PMID: 16651015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Revised: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine that functions as a chemoattractant factor and is well characterized in human and other mammals, but is largely unknown in fish. In the present study, two isoforms of pro-IL-16 homologues were cloned and characterized from pufferfish Tetraodon nigroviridis. The full-length T. nigroviridis pro-IL-16 isoform 1 cDNA exhibits 2453 bp in size including 291 bp 5'UTR (untranslated region), 1704 bp ORF (open reading frame) and 458 bp 3'UTR, while pro-IL-16 isoform 2 cDNA exhibits a 3801 bp ORF and a 458 bp 3'UTR. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that the pro-IL-16 isoform 1 with a predicted mass of 60.6 kDa contained two PDZ (postsynaptic density/disc large/zona occludens-1) domains, whereas the 138.2 kDa pro-IL-16 isoform 2 had two additional PDZ domains in its N-terminal extension. RT-PCR results revealed that ,almost in all examined organs and tissues, the mRNA of both pro-IL-16 isoforms can be detected, except in intestine and gill, where the isoform 2 mRNA is absent. The two putative precursor proteins showed 30.0-33.0% identity to various mammalian and avian homologues. This is the first report of such genes in teleostean fish and we hope the molecular characterization of these two pro-IL-16 isoforms will provide insights into the study of both evolution of IL-16 precursor proteins and the immune system as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, People's Republic of China
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El Bassam S, Pinsonneault S, Kornfeld H, Ren F, Menezes J, Laberge S. Interleukin-16 inhibits interleukin-13 production by allergen-stimulated blood mononuclear cells. Immunology 2006; 117:89-96. [PMID: 16423044 PMCID: PMC1782191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of interleukin (IL)-16 is increased in bronchial mucosal biopsies of atopic asthmatics compared to normal controls. The functional significance of increased expression of IL-16 at sites of allergic inflammation is not yet clear. We have previously shown that IL-16 inhibits IL-5 secretion by allergen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We investigated whether IL-16 inhibits the production of other T helper 2 cytokines, namely IL-13 and IL-4, by allergen-specific T cells. PBMC from ragweed-sensitive atopic subjects were stimulated with allergen extract for cytokine production in the presence or absence of rhIL-16. Production of cytokines was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. To evaluate whether the modulatory effect of IL-16 on cytokine synthesis was mediated by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-10, IL-12 or IL-18, allergen-stimulated PBMC were cultured in presence of IL-16 and neutralizing concentrations of relevant antibodies. Allergen-stimulated PBMC produced significantly elevated levels of IL-13 (90-740 pg/ml) as compared to unstimulated PBMC (0-375 pg/ml, P < 0.01). Addition of rhIL-16 resulted in down-regulation of IL-13 mRNA expression as well as significantly reduced amounts of IL-13 released by allergen-stimulated PBMC (0-457 pg/ml, P < 0.001), as observed for IL-5. No effect of IL-16 was observed on IL-4 mRNA expression. Treatment with IL-16 resulted in increased levels of IL-10 and IL-18 in allergen-stimulated cell culture. Neutralization of IFN-gamma, IL-12, IL-10 or IL-18 did not alter the inhibitory effects of IL-16 on IL-13 and IL-5 secretion by allergen-stimulated PBMC. IL-16 did not modify IL-13 synthesis by anti-CD3-stimulated CD4(+) T cells, but it significantly reduced the production of IL-5. These data suggest that IL-16 may play an important immunoregulatory role in allergic states in response to allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad El Bassam
- Laboratory of Immunology, Research Center, Ste-Justine Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, University of MontrealMontreal, Canada
| | - Stéphane Pinsonneault
- Laboratory of Immunology, Research Center, Ste-Justine Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, University of MontrealMontreal, Canada
| | - Hardy Kornfeld
- Department of Medicine, UMass Medical SchoolWorcester, MA, USA
| | - Fucheng Ren
- Department of Medicine, UMass Medical SchoolWorcester, MA, USA
| | - José Menezes
- Laboratory of Immunology, Research Center, Ste-Justine Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, University of MontrealMontreal, Canada
| | - Sophie Laberge
- Laboratory of Immunology, Research Center, Ste-Justine Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, University of MontrealMontreal, Canada
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Folwaczny M, Glas J, Török HP, Tonenchi L, Paschos E, Malachova O, Bauer B, Folwaczny C. Prevalence of the -295 T-to-C promoter polymorphism of the interleukin (IL)-16 gene in periodontitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 142:188-92. [PMID: 16178875 PMCID: PMC1809474 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-16 is involved in the regulation of the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of the -295 promoter polymorphism of the interleukin (IL)-16 gene in periodontal disease. A total of 123 patients with periodontal disease and 122 healthy controls were genotyped for the -295 IL-16 promoter polymorphism. Genotyping has been performed by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes as well of haplotypes within both study groups were compared using the Pearson chi(2) test at a level of significance of 5% (P < 0.05). The distribution of genotypes for the -295 IL-16 gene polymorphism showed no significant difference between periodontitis patients and healthy control subjects (P = 0.886). Also stratification analysis according to the disease severity revealed no significant difference regarding the genotype distribution among both study groups. Herein the IL-16 -295 gene polymorphism was not associated with chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Folwaczny
- Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltung und Parodontologie, Standort Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.
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Akesson LS, Duffy DL, Phelps SC, Thompson PJ, Kedda MA. A polymorphism in the promoter region of the human interleukin-16 gene is not associated with asthma or atopy in an Australian population. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35:327-31. [PMID: 15784111 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-16 is an immunomodulatory cytokine whose expression is increased in the bronchial mucosa, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and induced sputum of asthmatic patients. It has been suggested that IL-16 has a regulatory role in the pathophysiology of asthma. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (T(-295)C) has been described in the promoter region of the gene and it has been hypothesized that this polymorphism may be associated with altered levels of IL-16 expression, and account for the increased levels of IL-16 seen in the asthmatic airway. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between the T(-295)C promoter polymorphism and asthma, disease severity and atopy in a large Australian Caucasian population. METHODS We used PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to establish the allele frequency of the T(-295)C promoter polymorphism in a random Australian Caucasian population (n=176) and to characterize the polymorphism in a large Australian Caucasian population of mild (n=273), moderate (n=230) and severe (n=77) asthmatic patients, and non-asthmatic controls (n=455). Genotype association analyses were performed using chi(2) tests. RESULTS The polymorphic C allele was present in 19% of the asthmatic population and 21% of the non-asthmatic population. There was no association between the polymorphism and asthma (P=0.153) nor with asthma severity (P=0.417) or atopy (P=0.157) in this population. CONCLUSION Although it has been hypothesized that the T(-295)C promoter polymorphism may be associated with increased IL-16 gene expression, it is not associated with asthma, disease severity or atopy in this Australian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Akesson
- The Asthma and Allergy Research Institute Inc., Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Masuda K, Katoh N, Soga F, Kishimoto S. The role of interleukin-16 in murine contact hypersensitivity. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 140:213-9. [PMID: 15807844 PMCID: PMC1809369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is a T-cell-mediated skin inflammatory response. It is controversial whether CD4(+) T cells play an enhancing or regulatory role in the pathogenesis of CHS. Because interleukin (IL)-16 is a chemoattractant cytokine for CD4-expressing cells, we investigated the involvement of IL-16 in the CHS reaction. IL-16 production was induced in the epidermis and dermis during the elicitation phase of the CHS response with trinitrochlorobenzene. In the sensitization phase, the single application of haptens such as trinitrochlorobenzene and oxazolone also induced IL-16, whereas primary irritants or vehicle control did not. IL-16 was produced mainly by CD11c-negative cells in the epidermis during the elicitation phase. Furthermore, treatment of sensitized mice with anti-IL-16 neutralizing MoAb enhanced the ear swelling and reduced the number of infiltrating CD4(+) T cells. These data indicate that IL-16 plays a role in CHS, whereby IL-16 induces CD4(+) T cells and these CD4(+) T cells subsequently exhibit down-regulating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Masuda
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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Koga K, Osuga Y, Yoshino O, Hirota Y, Yano T, Tsutsumi O, Taketani Y. Elevated interleukin-16 levels in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis may be a mechanism for inflammatory reactions associated with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2005; 83:878-82. [PMID: 15820794 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2004] [Revised: 09/20/2004] [Accepted: 09/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-16 in peritoneal fluid in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. DESIGN Comparative and laboratory study. SETTING University of Tokyo Hospital. PATIENT(S) Peritoneal fluids (PFs) were collected from women without endometriosis (n = 34) and with endometriosis (stages I/II, n = 30; stages III/IV, n = 58). Peritoneal fluid mononuclear cells (PFMCs) were collected from six women. INTERVENTION(S) The PFs were collected; PFMCs were isolated and cultured with or without recombinant human (rh) IL-16. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Concentrations of IL-16 in PFs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Concentrations of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-1beta in culture media of PFMCs were determined by ELISA. RESULT(S) The IL-16 concentrations in the PF of women with advanced endometriosis (stages III/IV) (330 pg/mL, 231-501; median, interquartile range) were significantly higher (P=.0016) than those without endometriosis (229 pg/mL, 174-311). The PFMCs cultured with rhIL-16 released an increased amount of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, which was a 1.17-, 1.33-, and 1.54-fold increase, respectively, over that in the control culture. CONCLUSION(S) The present study indicates that IL-16 in PF may play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis by initiating or sustaining inflammatory responses in the peritoneal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Ferland C, Flamand N, Davoine F, Chakir J, Laviolette M. IL-16 activates plasminogen-plasmin system and promotes human eosinophil migration into extracellular matrix via CCR3-chemokine-mediated signaling and by modulating CD4 eosinophil expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:4417-24. [PMID: 15383572 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.7.4417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased eosinophil counts are a major feature of asthmatic airways. Eosinophil recruitment requires migration through epithelium and tissue extracellular matrix by activation of proteases. We assessed the capacity of IL-16, a CD4(+) cell chemotactic factor, to induce migration of eosinophils through a reconstituted basement membrane and evaluated the proteases, mediators, and receptors involved in this migration. IL-16 added to lower chambers of Invasion Chambers elicited eosinophil migration through Matrigel. This effect was decreased by inhibition of the plasminogen-plasmin system (Abs against urokinase plasminogen activator receptor or plasminogen depletion), but not by anti-matrix metalloproteinase-9 Abs. Abs against CD4 also inhibited IL-16-induced eosinophil migration. At the baseline level, few eosinophils (4.6% positive cells with a mean fluorescence of 0.9) expressed surface membrane CD4, while most permeabilized eosinophils (68% positive cells with a mean fluorescence of 18) express the CD4 Ag. TNF-pretreatment increased surface membrane CD4(+) expression by 6-fold as previously described, and increased IL-16-induced cell migration by 2.2-fold. Incubation of eosinophils with IL-16 also increased surface membrane CD4 expression by 5.4-fold, supporting the role of CD4 as receptor for IL-16. Abs against CCR3, eotaxin, or RANTES blocked IL-16-induced migration. In conclusion, IL-16 promotes eosinophil migration in vitro, by activating the plasminogen-plasmin system and increasing the membrane expression of its receptor. This effect is initiated via CD4 and mediated via the release of CCR3 ligand chemokines. Interestingly, most eosinophils express intracellular CD4. Hence, IL-16 may play an important role in the recruitment of blood eosinophils to the bronchial mucosa of asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Ferland
- Unité de Recherche en Pneumologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Laval, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de l'Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
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35
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Ge N, Nishioka Y, Nakamura Y, Okano Y, Yoneda K, Ogawa H, Sugita A, Yanagawa H, Sone S. Synthesis and secretion of interleukin-15 by freshly isolated human bronchial epithelial cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2004; 135:235-42. [PMID: 15467375 DOI: 10.1159/000081309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2003] [Accepted: 07/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-15 (IL-15), which shares many functional activities of IL-2, is proposed as a potential modulator of T and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated inflammatory diseases. Since IL-15 gene is expressed in various cell types including epithelial cells, we examined how proinflammatory modulators affect IL-15 gene expression in both freshly isolated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. METHODS HBECs were obtained from 25 patients with primary lung cancer by bronchial brushing under bronchofiberscopy. The expressions of IL-15 and its receptor were examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Northern blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS IL-15 mRNA was constitutively expressed in the cells and was upregulated by several proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide. In addition, IFN-gamma but not other cytokines induced the synthesis and secretion of IL-15 protein. Investigation of IL-15 receptor expression using RT-PCR showed that IL-15Ralpha and IL-2Rbeta chains but not IL-2Ralpha or gamma chain were constitutively expressed in these cells. CONCLUSIONS Bronchial epithelial cells may contribute to T and NK cell-mediated airway inflammation through IL-15 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ge
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Therapeutics, Course of Medical Oncology, University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
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36
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Abstract
Serum levels of interleukin-16 (IL-16) were measured to investigate its role in the pathophysiology of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Serum IL-16 levels in patients with acute HLH were significantly higher than those in healthy controls and patients with infectious mononucleosis. They returned to normal levels in the convalescent phase of the disease. In contrast to serum interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels, serum IL-16 levels showed a gradual decrease over the course of the disease. Serum IL-16 levels showed a significant positive correlation with serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptor, IFN-gamma, and interleukin-18, body temperature, and serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. An increase in IL-16 mRNA expression was detected in the liver of an HLH patient. These results suggest that IL-16 plays an important role in the pathophysiology of HLH by TH1 cell recruitment and activation at organs with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Takada
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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37
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Abstract
Eosinophils release lipid mediators, including leukotriene C4, platelet-activating factor, and liposins, and contain four distinct granule cationic proteins, major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, eosinophil cationic protein, and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, which may cause dysfunction and destruction of other cells. Eosinophils are primarily thought of as terminal effectors of allergic responses and of parasite elimination. Eosinophils are characteristically present within the airway lumina of asthmatics, and these airway eosinophils have been induced in vivo to express major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) complexes and costimulatory molecules, which are required for T lymphocytes to be functionally activated. In in vitro experiments, eosinophils can process antigen and express the costimulatory molecules, and after cytokine-elicited induction of MHC-II, expression can function as antigen-presenting cells in stimulating T lymphocyte responses. Airway luminal eosinophils can migrate into draining paratracheal lymph nodes, localized to T cell-rich paracortical areas, and stimulate antigen-specific T cell proliferation in vivo within paratracheal lymph nodes, which was CD80- and CD86-dependent and limited to CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, eosinophils within the lumina of airways promote expansion of T helper cell type 2 (Th2) by presenting antigen, suggesting that eosinophils actively modulate immune responses by amplifying Th2 cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Zhong Shi
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China.
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38
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Lynch EL, Little FF, Wilson KC, Center DM, Cruikshank WW. Immunomodulatory cytokines in asthmatic inflammation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2004; 14:489-502. [PMID: 14563351 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6101(03)00056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of asthmatic inflammation involves a complex array of cytokines that promote the recruitment and activation of a number of different immune cells. While factors involved in initiating and establishing inflammation are well characterized, the process by which this pro-inflammatory cascade is regulated is less well understood. The identification and characterization of immunomodulatory cytokines in asthma has been a difficult proposition. Many of the putative regulatory factors have pleiotropic bioactivities and have been characterized as pro-inflammatory in association with certain pathologic conditions. This chapter addresses the potential role of several endogenous factors which appear to attenuate asthmatic inflammation. Understanding the integration of these factors into the regulation of the inflammatory process will likely result in novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Lynch
- Pulmonary Center, R-304, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
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39
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Elssner A, Doseff AI, Duncan M, Kotur M, Wewers MD. IL-16 Is Constitutively Present in Peripheral Blood Monocytes and Spontaneously Released During Apoptosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:7721-5. [PMID: 15187155 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.12.7721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive expression of the pro-molecule of IL-16 has been found in T cells, mast cells, eosinophils, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells. Here we show that IL-16 is also constitutively present in >98% of freshly isolated human CD14-positive peripheral blood monocytes when analyzed by flow cytometry. Because pro-IL-16 is cleaved to its bioactive mature form by caspase-3, and caspase-3 is also the pivotal effector of apoptosis in monocytes, we asked whether IL-16 release occurs in monocytes that undergo spontaneous apoptosis. As expected, freshly isolated, unstimulated monocytes underwent spontaneous caspase-3 activation. This apoptosis was paralleled by the loss of intracellular IL-16, as detected by flow cytometry, and the concurrent release of IL-16, as detected by ELISA. In contrast, stimulation with bacterial LPS inhibited caspase-3 activation and significantly inhibited the release of IL-16. As a specificity control, IL-1beta and IL-8 were not released during spontaneous monocyte apoptosis. In summary, our data demonstrate that monocytes contain IL-16 that is released during spontaneous apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Elssner
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Laberge
- Ste-Justine Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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41
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Wideman RF, Chapman ME, Wang W, Erf GF. Immune modulation of the pulmonary hypertensive response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) in broilers. Poult Sci 2004; 83:624-37. [PMID: 15109060 DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.4.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The lungs of broilers are constantly challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) that can activate leukocytes and trigger thromboxane A2 (TxA2)- and serotonin (5HT)-mediated pulmonary vasoconstriction leading to pulmonary hypertension. Among broilers from a single genetic line, some individuals respond to LPS with large increases in pulmonary arterial pressure, whereas others fail to exhibit any response to the same supramaximal dose of LPS. This extreme variability in the pulmonary hypertensive response to LPS appears to reflect variability in the types or proportions of chemical mediators released by leukocytes. Our research has confirmed that TxA2 and 5HT are potent pulmonary vasoconstrictors in broilers and that broilers hatched and reared together consistently exhibit pulmonary hypertension after i.v. injections of TxA2 or 5HT. Previous in vitro studies conducted using macrophages from different lines of chickens demonstrated innate variability in the LPS-stimulated induction of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) followed by the onset of an LPS-refractory state. The NOS enzyme converts arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide (NO). It is known that NO produced by endothelial NOS serves as a key modulator of flow-dependent pulmonary vasodilation, and it is likely that NO generated by iNOS also contributes to the pulmonary vasodilator response. Accordingly, it is our hypothesis that the pulmonary hypertensive response to LPS in broilers is minimal when more vasodilators (NO, prostacyclin) than vasoconstrictors (TxA2, 5HT) are generated during an LPS challenge. Indeed, inhibiting NO production through pharmacological blockade of NOS with the inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester modestly increased the baseline pulmonary arterial pressure and dramatically increased the pulmonary hypertensive response to LPS in all broilers evaluated. Innate differences in the effect of LPS on the pulmonary vasculature may contribute to differences in susceptibility of broilers to pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites).
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Wideman
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
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42
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Alexandrakis MG, Passam FH, Kyriakou DS, Christophoridou AV, Perisinakis K, Hatzivasili A, Foudoulakis A, Castanas E. Serum level of interleukin-16 in multiple myeloma patients and its relationship to disease activity. Am J Hematol 2004; 75:101-6. [PMID: 14755377 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.10444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is a chemoattractant of CD4+ lymphocytes, and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. There is evidence that it may have a role in multiple myeloma (MM). In the present study, we determined the serum level of IL-16 both before and after treatment of MM and related it to inflammatory markers and survival. Forty-eight newly diagnosed MM patients were included in the study. Disease stage was defined using the Durie-Salmon classification system (10 patients were in stage I, 19 in stage II, and 19 in stage III). After standard treatment, 22 patients reached the plateau phase and were re-evaluated. The following serum parameters were measured: IL-16, IL-6, alpha-1 antitrypsin (alpha1AT), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Survival was determined as the number of months elapsed since original diagnosis. The mean +/- SD of serum IL-16 was 343 +/- 195 pg/ml in the pre-treatment MM group and 101 +/- 30 pg/ml in the control group. All measured parameters were higher in the patient group compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, IL-16, IL-6, alpha1AT, and CRP were significantly increased with increasing stage of disease, from stage I to stage III (P<0.01). All parameters decreased significantly following effective chemotherapy (P<0.002). Patients with a high level of IL-16 (>430 pg/ml) displayed an inferior survival time in comparison to those with lower levels of IL-16. In the pre-treatment group, IL-16 correlated with alpha1AT and IL-6 (r=0.374, P<0.01 and r=0.454, P<0.002, respectively). IL-16 may play a role in multiple myeloma; however, further functional studies are required.
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Abstract
IL-16 is a natural ligand for the CD4 molecule and is known for its chemotactic and anti-HIV-1 activities. We determined IL-16 expression in human brain tissue with HIV-1 encephalitis by specific immunocytochemistry and showed that infiltrating lymphocytes and activated microglia express IL-16. IL-16 immunoreactivity was particularly pronounced in microglial nodules. In vitro, human foetal microglia and not astrocytes produce IL-16, and HIV-1 infection up-regulates microglial IL-16 release in a Nef-dependent manner. These results support the notion that, in the brain, IL-16 is a macrophage-lineage specific modulator of the inflammatory response and HIV-1 expression. Recruitment of IL-16+ T cells and microglia/macrophages may represent an innate response to HIV-1 infection in the central nervous system that counterbalances viral stimulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-L Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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44
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Laan M, Lindén A, Riise GC. IL-16 in the airways of lung allograft recipients with acute rejection or obliterative bronchiolitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2003; 133:290-6. [PMID: 12869037 PMCID: PMC1808759 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute rejection (AR) is the principal risk factor for obliterative bronchiolitis (OB), the major complication of lung transplantation. It is known that activated CD4+ T lymphocytes are involved in the development of AR and that interleukin (IL)-16 can inhibit the activity of CD4+ T lymphocytes. In this study, we evaluated whether the concentration of IL-16 in the airways is altered in AR or OB and, if so, how this IL-16 concentration relates to the number or activity of airway lymphocytes. The concentration of IL-16 protein was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid at three time-points in lung allograft recipients with either AR or OB and in matched controls using ELISA. The concentration of soluble IL-2 receptor (R) protein was measured in BAL fluid using ELISA as well, as an indicator of lymphocyte activity. The percentage of airway lymphocytes was evaluated by performing BAL differential cell counts. Lung allograft recipients with AR displayed lower IL-16 concentrations compared with matched control patients and this IL-16 concentration correlated negatively with the sIL-2R concentration, but it did not correlate with the percentage of lymphocytes in BAL fluid. In contrast, in BAL fluid from lung allograft recipients with OB, the IL-16 concentration was not altered compared with matched control patients and it did not correlate with the percentage of lymphocytes or with the sIL-2R concentration. These data are compatible with an increase in IL-16 playing a protective role against AR but not against OB and, hypothetically, this type of protective effect could be exerted via a down-regulation of the activity of T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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45
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Suzuki T, Ishiguro A, Shimbo T. Transient elevation of interleukin-16 levels at the initial stage of meningitis in children. Clin Exp Immunol 2003; 131:484-9. [PMID: 12605702 PMCID: PMC1808653 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-16 is an immunomodulatory cytokine that is characterized by chemotactic activity and stimulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression in monocytic cells. We studied IL-16 using ELISA in children with meningitis. When meningeal symptoms existed, IL-16 levels were high in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of both bacterial (939 +/- 877 ng/l, n = 20) and aseptic (341 +/- 371 ng/l, n = 23) meningitis. The values in the CSF were significantly higher than those in non-meningitis controls (29 +/- 8 ng/l, n = 22, P < 0.0001). After meningeal symptoms disappeared, IL-16 levels in bacterial (191 +/- 149 ng/l, n = 10, P = 0.0042) and aseptic (159 +/- 188 ng/l, n = 13, P = 0.0118) meningitis were lower than those during the symptomatic stage. IL-16 levels were the highest before day 5 of the illness and then gradually fell. Significant correlations were found between IL-16 levels and both G-CSF levels (r = 0.783, n = 11, p = 0.0029) and IL-6 levels (r = 0.818, n = 12, P = 0.0005) in the CSF of bacterial and aseptic meningitis. IL-16 levels in all CSF samples from non-meningitis controls were lower than those in serum. In contrast, IL-16 levels in the CSF in six of 16 samples from bacterial meningitis and two of 18 samples from aseptic meningitis were higher than those in serum. Serum levels of IL-16 did not fluctuate throughout the course of meningitis. These data indicate that IL-16 levels rise transiently in CSF at the initial stage of meningitis. We speculate that IL-16 may promote inflammatory responses during meningitis in concert with other proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suzuki
- Department of Paediatrics, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
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46
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Larché M, Robinson DS, Kay AB. The role of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111:450-63; quiz 464. [PMID: 12642820 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2003.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable evidence to support a role for T cells in asthma, particularly the involvement of T(H)2 cells both in atopic allergic asthma and in nonatopic and occupational asthma. There might also be a minor contribution from T(C)2 CD8+ T cells. Several T(H)2 cytokines have the potential to modulate airway inflammation, particularly IL-13, which induces airway hyperresponsiveness independently of IgE and eosinophilia in animal models. The identification of transcription factors controlling T(H)1 and T(H)2 development further support the T(H)2 hypothesis because GATA3 is overexpressed and T-bet is underexpressed in the asthmatic airway. Specific T cell directed immunotherapy might allow induction, modulation, or both of T-cell responses, and elucidation of the mechanisms of regulatory T cells might allow further optimization of immunotherapy. Recent advances in our understanding of dendritic cell function in directing T-cell responses might uncover further therapeutic targets. The efficacy of cyclosporin A and anti-CD4 treatment in patients with chronic severe asthma argues for continued T-cell involvement, but whether remodeling contributes to pathology inaccessible to anti-inflammatory treatment or T-cell immunotherapy will be an important future question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Larché
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
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47
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Little FF, Lynch E, Fine G, Center DM, Cruikshank WW. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced synthesis of interleukin-16 in airway epithelial cells: priming for serotonin stimulation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2003; 28:354-62. [PMID: 12594062 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2002-0043oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells from individuals with asthma or from allergen-sensitized mice contain intracellular interleukin (IL)-16 protein, not present in epithelial cells from individuals without asthma or unsensitized mice. IL-16 is only present in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid following airway challenge with either allergen or vasoactive amine. This suggests that the initial response to allergen (sensitization) results in synthesis but not secretion of IL-16. In this study, we investigated what factors produced during the sensitization phase are responsible for epithelial cell priming for IL-16 production. We determined that ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice have an increase in systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, and that serum or BAL fluid stimulation of bronchial epithelial cells results in production of IL-16 that is subsequently secreted only following serotonin stimulation. The mechanism for IL-16 production was shown to be caspase-3-dependent, and serotonin-induced secretion of IL-16 required binding of the serotonin type 2 receptor. The relevance of the priming effect associated with sensitization for IL-16 production and storage was confirmed in vivo by serotonin airway challenge of OVA-sensitized mice, resulting in rapid secretion of IL-16 into BAL fluid. As IL-16 has been shown to regulate CD4+ cell recruitment and activation, and is detected early following airway challenge of individuals with asthma, this two-step process for IL-16 production by epithelial cells may represent a rapid response mechanism in the orchestration of allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric F Little
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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48
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Glas J, Török HP, Unterhuber H, Radlmayr M, Folwaczny C. The -295T-to-C promoter polymorphism of the IL-16 gene is associated with Crohn's disease. Clin Immunol 2003; 106:197-200. [PMID: 12706406 DOI: 10.1016/s1521-6616(03)00021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a T-to-C polymorphism at position -295 in the promoter region of the human interleukin-16 (IL-16) gene was reported. The expression of IL-16 is increased in inflammatory bowel disease, in particular in Crohn's disease. However, data concerning the IL-16 promoter polymorphism in inflammatory bowel disease are lacking. Thus, the current study aimed at the assessment of this polymorphism in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. One hundred three patients with Crohn's disease, 100 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 120 healthy unrelated controls were genotyped for the promoter polymorphism. Furthermore, patients with Crohn's disease were stratified according to disease localization and the respective clinical phenotype (fistulizing, fibrostenotic, or inflammatory). The frequencies of the T allele (P < 0.01) and the TT genotype (P < 0.01) were significantly increased in patients with Crohn's disease compared to the controls, regardless of the disease phenotype or the site of intestinal involvement. An association with ulcerative colitis was not observed. Herein a new association between a promoter polymorphism of the IL-16 gene and Crohn's disease was observed and correlates with the previously described increased mucosal expression of IL-16 in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Glas
- Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum der Universität, Standort Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
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49
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Hamid Q, Tulic' MK, Liu MC, Moqbel R. Inflammatory cells in asthma: mechanisms and implications for therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111:S5-S12; discussion S12-7. [PMID: 12532083 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2003.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical studies have brought asthma's complex inflammatory processes into clearer focus, and understanding them can help to delineate therapeutic implications. Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease characterized by the infiltration of airway T cells, CD(+) (T helper) cells, mast cells, basophils, macrophages, and eosinophils. The cysteinyl leukotrienes also are important mediators in asthma and modulators of cytokine function, and they have been implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma through multiple mechanisms. Although the role of eosinophils in asthma and their contribution to bronchial hyperresponsiveness are still debated, it is widely accepted that their numbers and activation status are increased. Eosinophils may be targets for various pharmacologic activities of leukotriene receptor antagonists through their ability to downregulate a number of events that may be key to the effector function of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qutayba Hamid
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Dent G, Hosking LA, Lordan JL, Steel MD, Cruikshank WW, Center DM, Ellis JH, Holgate ST, Davies DE, Djukanović R. Differential roles of IL-16 and CD28/B7 costimulation in the generation of T-lymphocyte chemotactic activity in the bronchial mucosa of mild and moderate asthmatic individuals. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 110:906-14. [PMID: 12464958 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2002.130049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-16 is an important T-cell chemotactic cytokine in asthmatic airways; its release from allergen-stimulated bronchial mucosa in mild asthma has been shown to be dependent on CD28/B7 costimulation. OBJECTIVE We have extended our previous studies to investigate the role of IL-16 and CD28/B7 costimulation in T-lymphocyte chemotactic activity (TLCA) released from the bronchial mucosa in more severe asthma. METHODS TLCA was determined in the supernatants of induced sputum and allergen-stimulated bronchial mucosal explants from healthy volunteers and volunteers with mild and moderately severe asthma by means of a Boyden chamber technique. The contribution of IL-16 to the activity was evaluated through use of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody; the contribution of CD28/B7 costimulation to allergen-induced release of TLCA was determined through use of CTLA4-Ig fusion protein and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2). RESULTS Induced sputum and unstimulated explants from asthmatic subjects generated significant spontaneous TLCA (P <.05). Both mild and moderate asthmatic explants showed significantly elevated Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus -induced release of TLCA, but only in mild asthma could sputum and allergen-stimulated explant TLCA be inhibited by anti-IL-16 (median inhibition, 39% and 59%; P <.05). In addition, allergen released significant quantities of IL-16 from mild asthmatic explants (P <.05) but not from moderate asthmatic explants. Antibodies to the CD28 counter-ligands CD80 and CD86 inhibited allergen-induced release of TLCA in mild asthmatic explants by 94% (P <.05) and 62%, but TLCA release from moderate asthmatic explants was unaffected by CTLA4-Ig. CONCLUSION These results show that TLCA release in moderate asthmatic airways, in contrast to mild asthmatic airways, is not dependent on CD28/B7 costimulation and does not involve IL-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Dent
- Respiratory Cell & Molecular Biology Section, Division of Infection Inflammation & Repair, University of Southampton School of Medicine, United Kingdom
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