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Vakilpour A, Amini-Salehi E, Soltani Moghadam A, Keivanlou MH, Letafatkar N, Habibi A, Hashemi M, Eslami N, Zare R, Norouzi N, Delam H, Joukar F, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Hassanipour S, Samethadka Nayak S. The effects of gut microbiome manipulation on glycemic indices in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a comprehensive umbrella review. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:25. [PMID: 38729941 PMCID: PMC11087547 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Increased fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin (FI), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) are observed in patients with NAFLD. Gut microbial modulation using prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics has shown promise in NAFLD treatment. This meta-umbrella study aimed to investigate the effects of gut microbial modulation on glycemic indices in patients with NAFLD and discuss potential mechanisms of action. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library until March 2023 for meta-analyses evaluating the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on patients with NAFLD. Random-effect models, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis were employed. RESULTS Gut microbial therapy significantly decreased HOMA-IR (ES: -0.41; 95%CI: -0.52, -0.31; P < 0.001) and FI (ES: -0.59; 95%CI: -0.77, -0.41; P < 0.001). However, no significant effect was observed on FBS (ES: -0.17; 95%CI: -0.36, 0.02; P = 0.082). Subgroup analysis revealed prebiotics had the most potent effect on HOMA-IR, followed by probiotics and synbiotics. For FI, synbiotics had the most substantial effect, followed by prebiotics and probiotics. CONCLUSION Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics administration significantly reduced FI and HOMA-IR, but no significant effect was observed on FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehsan Amini-Salehi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Hossein Keivanlou
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Negin Letafatkar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arman Habibi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Negar Eslami
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Reza Zare
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Naeim Norouzi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamed Delam
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Yang Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Xu J, Shu S, Wang P, Ding S, Huang Y, Zheng L, Yang Y, Xiong C. Promising dawn in the management of pulmonary hypertension: The mystery veil of gut microbiota. IMETA 2024; 3:e159. [PMID: 38882495 PMCID: PMC11170974 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms inhabiting the intestinal tract, which plays a vital role in human health. It is intricately involved in the metabolism, and it also affects diverse physiological processes. The gut-lung axis is a bidirectional pathway between the gastrointestinal tract and the lungs. Recent research has shown that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in immune response regulation in the lungs and the development of lung diseases. In this review, we present the interrelated factors concerning gut microbiota and the associated metabolites in pulmonary hypertension (PH), a lethal disease characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular pressure and resistance. Our research team explored the role of gut-microbiota-derived metabolites in cardiovascular diseases and established the correlation between metabolites such as putrescine, succinate, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and N, N, N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid with the diseases. Furthermore, we found that specific metabolites, such as TMAO and betaine, have significant clinical value in PH, suggesting their potential as biomarkers in disease management. In detailing the interplay between the gut microbiota, their metabolites, and PH, we underscored the potential therapeutic approaches modulating this microbiota. Ultimately, we endeavor to alleviate the substantial socioeconomic burden associated with this disease. This review presents a unique exploratory analysis of the link between gut microbiota and PH, intending to propel further investigations in the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of CardiologyFuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of CardiologyFuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of NephrologyFuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of CardiologyFuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Songren Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac SurgeryFuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Peizhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of CardiologyFuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Center for Molecular CardiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Shusi Ding
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Tiantan Hospital, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionThe Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac SurgeryFuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Lemin Zheng
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Tiantan Hospital, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionThe Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science CenterThe Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuejin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of CardiologyFuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Changming Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of CardiologyFuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Feng ZP, Wang XY, Xin HY, Huang SL, Huang HY, Xin Q, Zhang XH, Xin HW. Gut microbiota plays a significant role in gout. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38629677 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of social economy, the incidence of gout is increasing, which is closely related to people's increasingly rich diet. Eating a diet high in purine, fat, sugar and low-fibre for a long time further aggravates gout by affecting uric acid metabolism. The renal metabolism mechanism of uric acid has been thoroughly studied. To find a new treatment method for gout, increasing studies have recently been conducted on the mechanism of intestinal excretion, metabolism and absorption of uric acid. The most important research is the relationship between intestinal microbiota and the risk of gout. Gut microbiota represent bacteria that reside in a host's gastrointestinal tract. The composition of the gut microbiota is associated with protection against pathogen colonization and disease occurrence. This review focuses on how gut microbiota affects gout through uric acid and discusses the types of bacteria that may be involved in the occurrence and progression of gout. We also describe potential therapy for gout by restoring gut microbiota homeostasis and reducing uric acid levels. We hold the perspective that changing intestinal microbiota may become a vital method for effectively preventing or treating gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Research on Human Genetic Diseases Research at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, School of Basic Medicine, Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region 024000, PR China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Yueyang, Hunan 414000, PR China
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- The Doctoral Scientific Research Center, People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Guangdong 524400, PR China
- The Doctoral Scientific Research Center, People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 524400, PR China
| | - Hong-Yi Xin
- The Doctoral Scientific Research Center, People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Guangdong 524400, PR China
- The Doctoral Scientific Research Center, People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 524400, PR China
| | - Shao-Li Huang
- Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Guangdong 524400, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Huang
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Guangdong 524400, PR China
| | - Qiang Xin
- Graduate School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, PR China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulanqab General Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine, Hugeji Street South, Industry and Agriculture Street West, Jining New District, Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia 012000, PR China
| | - Xi-He Zhang
- The Doctoral Scientific Research Center, People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Guangdong 524400, PR China
- The Doctoral Scientific Research Center, People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 524400, PR China
| | - Hong-Wu Xin
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, PR China
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Gámez-Macías PE, Félix-Soriano E, Samblas M, Sáinz N, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, González-Muniesa P. Intestinal Permeability, Gut Inflammation, and Gut Immune System Response Are Linked to Aging-Related Changes in Gut Microbiota Composition: A Study in Female Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae045. [PMID: 38364863 PMCID: PMC10957128 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging entails changes at the cellular level that increase the risk of various pathologies. An association between gut microbiota and age-related diseases has also been attributed. This study aims to analyze changes in fecal microbiota composition and their association with genes related to immune response, gut inflammation, and intestinal barrier impairment. Fecal samples of female mice at different ages (2 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months) and gene expression in colon tissue were analyzed. Results showed that the older mice group had a more diverse microbiota than the younger group. Additionally, the abundance of Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Flavobacteriaceae, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Akkermansia, and Parabacteroides goldsteinii increased with age. In contrast, there was a notable decline in Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Monoglobaceae, Ligilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Mucispirillum, and Bacteroides faecichinchillae. These bacteria imbalances were positively correlated with increased inflammation markers in the colon, including Tnf-α, Ccl2, and Ccl12, and negatively with the expression of tight junction genes (Jam2, Tjp1, and Tjp2), as well as immune response genes (Cd4, Cd72, Tlr7, Tlr12, and Lbp). In conclusion, high levels of diversity did not result in improved health in older mice; however, the imbalance in bacteria abundance that occurs with aging might contribute to immune senescence, inflammation, and leaky gut disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Elizabeth Gámez-Macías
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Félix-Soriano
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mirian Samblas
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Jesús Moreno-Aliaga
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra/Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra/Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Nemati M, Ebrahimi B, Montazeri-Najafabady N. Probiotics ameliorate endocrine disorders via modulating inflammatory pathways: a systematic review. GENES & NUTRITION 2024; 19:7. [PMID: 38504163 PMCID: PMC10953159 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-024-00743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics has offered a new prospect to treat and manage a variety of endocrine disorders such as obesity, diabetes, non- alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome. The precise mechanisms by which probiotics exert their beneficial effects on endocrine disorders and its associated problems are still indecisive. It seems that regulating the immune system and suppressing pro-inflammatory pathways like tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 or triggering anti-inflammatory pathways like interleukin-4 and 10 may be one of the potential mechanisms in the managing of endocrine disorders. In this systematic review, we hypothesized that various probiotic strains (Lactobacillus, Biofidiobacteria, Streptococcus, Entrococcus, Clostridium, and Bacillus) alone or in combination with each other could manage endocrine disorders via modulating inflammatory pathways such as suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, TNF-β, NFκB, and MCP-1), stimulating anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4,IL-6, IL-22, IL-23, IL-33, and TGF-β) and maintaining other factors like C-reactive protein, Toll like receptors, LPS, and NK cells. Data source this search was performed in PubMed and Scopus. Both human and animal studies were included. Among more than 15,000 papers, 25 studies were identified as eligible for more assessments. Quality assessment of the studies was cheeked by two researchers independently by title and abstract screening, then article which have inclusion criteria were included, and data retrieved from the included full text studies as the authors had originally reported. Results specified that Lactobacillus has been the most widely used probiotic as well as which one exhibiting the extend of the therapeutic effects on endocrine disorders, especially obesity by modulating immune responses. Also, most studies have revealed that probiotics through suppressing pro-inflammatory pathways specially via reducing levels TNF-α cytokine exhibited protective or beneficial effects on endocrine diseases particularly obesity as well as through decreasing level of IL-6 induced therapeutic effects in diabetes. This systematic review suggests that probiotics could ameliorate endocrine disorders via their immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Nemati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Ebrahimi
- Geriatric Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Nima Montazeri-Najafabady
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Yang Q, Zaongo SD, Zhu L, Yan J, Yang J, Ouyang J. The Potential of Clostridium butyricum to Preserve Gut Health, and to Mitigate Non-AIDS Comorbidities in People Living with HIV. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10227-1. [PMID: 38336953 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A dramatic reduction in mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH) has been achieved during the modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. However, ART does not restore gut barrier function even after long-term viral suppression, allowing microbial products to enter the systemic blood circulation and induce chronic immune activation. In PLWH, a chronic state of systemic inflammation exists and persists, which increases the risk of development of inflammation-associated non-AIDS comorbidities such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Clostridium butyricum is a human butyrate-producing symbiont present in the gut microbiome. Convergent evidence has demonstrated favorable effects of C. butyricum for gastrointestinal health, including maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of the gut barrier, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria within the intestine, and reduction of microbial translocation. Moreover, C. butyricum supplementation has been observed to have a positive effect on various inflammation-related diseases such as diabetes, ulcerative colitis, and cancer, which are also recognized as non-AIDS comorbidities associated with epithelial gut damage. There is currently scant published research in the literature, focusing on the influence of C. butyricum in the gut of PLWH. In this hypothesis review, we speculate the use of C. butyricum as a probiotic oral supplementation may well emerge as a potential future synergistic adjunctive strategy in PLWH, in tandem with ART, to restore and consolidate intestinal barrier integrity, repair the leaky gut, prevent microbial translocation from the gut, and reduce both gut and systemic inflammation, with the ultimate objective of decreasing the risk for development of non-AIDS comorbidities in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Silvere D Zaongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijiao Zhu
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangyu Yan
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiadan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
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Li L, Chen J, Sun H, Niu Q, Zhao Y, Yang X, Sun Q. Orm2 Deficiency Aggravates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity through Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Intestinal Inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300236. [PMID: 37853937 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Orosomucoid 2 (Orm2) is a hepatocyte-secreted protein that plays a crucial role in regulating obesity-type metabolic disease and immunity. The imbalance of gut microbiota is one of the causes of obesity, but the mechanism of the relationship between Orm2 and gut microbiota in obesity remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Orm2-/- (Orm2 knockout) mice on a normal diet developed spontaneous obesity and metabolic disturbances at the 20th week. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the study finds that the gut microbiota of Orm2-/- mice has a different microbial composition compared to wild type (WT) mice. Furthermore, a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks exacerbates obesity in Orm2-/- mice. Lack of Orm2 promotes dysregulation of gut microbiota under the HFD, especially a reduction of Clostridium spp. Supplementation with Clostridium butyricum alleviates obesity and alters the gut microbial composition in WT mice, but has minimal effects on Orm2-/- mice. In contrast, co-housing of Orm2-/- mice with WT mice rescues Orm2-/- obesity by reducing pathogenic bacteria and mitigating intestinal inflammation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest Orm2 deficiency exacerbates HFD-induced gut microbiota disturbance and intestinal inflammation, providing a novel insight into the complex bacterial flora but not a single probiotic administration in the therapeutic strategy of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jionghao Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haoming Sun
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiang Niu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qingzhu Sun
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Liao J, Liu Y, Yao Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhao J, Chen W, Lu W. Clostridium butyricum Strain CCFM1299 Reduces Obesity via Increasing Energy Expenditure and Modulating Host Bile Acid Metabolism. Nutrients 2023; 15:4339. [PMID: 37892414 PMCID: PMC10609426 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium butyricum is a butyrate-producing microorganism which has beneficial effects on various diseases, including obesity. In our previous study, the anti-obesity Clostridium butyricum strain CCFM1299 (C20_1_1) was selected, but its anti-obesity mechanism was not clarified. Herein, CCFM1299 was orally administrated to high-fat-diet-treated C57BL/6J mice for 12 weeks to uncover the way the strain alleviates obesity. The results indicated that CCFM1299 alleviated obesity through increasing the energy expenditure and increasing the expression of genes related to thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Moreover, strain CCFM1299 could also affect the expression of immune-related genes in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). This immunomodulatory effect might be achieved through its influence on the complement system, as the expression of the complement factor D (CFD) gene decreased significantly. From the view of metabolites, CCFM1299 administration increased the levels of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in feces and taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA) in serum. Together, the anti-obesity potential of CCFM1299 might be attributed to the increase in energy consumption, the regulation of immune-related gene expression in eWAT, and the alteration of bile acid metabolism in the host. These provided new insights into the potential application of anti-obesity microbial preparations and postbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yaoliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ye Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
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Li G, Yu T, Du H, Zhang L, Liu X, Hou S. Effect of Clostridium butyricum on the formation of primary choledocholithiasis based on intestinal microbiome and metabolome analysis. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad170. [PMID: 37533214 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the function and probable mechanism of Clostridium butyricum in the development of choledocholithiasis. METHODS AND RESULTS The lithogenic diet group and the lithogenic diet + C. butyricum group were used to develop the choledocholithiasis model. During the experiment, C. butyricum suspension was administered to the rats in the lithogenic diet + C. butyricum group. The findings demonstrated that the C. butyricum intervention decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the colon of experimental animals given a lithogenic diet. The relative levels of Desulfovibrio (0.93%) and Streptococcus (0.38%) fell, whereas Lactobacillus (22.36%), Prevotella (14.09%), and bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids increased. Finally, 68 distinct metabolic products were found based on nontargeted metabonomics, and 42 metabolic pathways associated to the various metabolites were enriched. CONCLUSIONS We found that C. butyricum decreased the development of choledocholithiasis. It keeps the equilibrium of the rat's gut microbiome intact and lowers the danger of bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal and biliary systems. It is hypothesized that by controlling lipid metabolism, it may also have an impact on the development of cholelithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Li
- Biliopancreatic Endoscopic Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Biliopancreatic Endoscopic Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Du
- Biliopancreatic Endoscopic Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Biliopancreatic Endoscopic Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Hebei Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Senlin Hou
- Biliopancreatic Endoscopic Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
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10
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Lin S, Xu X, Holck J, Wittrup Agger J, Wilkens C, Xie Z, Khakimov B, Nielsen DS, Meyer AS. Soluble, Diferuloylated Corn Bran Glucuronoarabinoxylans Modulate the Human Gut Microbiota In Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3885-3897. [PMID: 36787634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Corn bran is exceptionally rich in substituted glucuronoarabinoxylan polysaccharides, which are monoferuloylated and cross-linked by diferulic acid moieties. Here, we assessed the potential prebiotic activity of three enzymatically solubilized corn bran glucuronoarabinoxylans: medium feruloylated (FGAX-M), laccase cross-linked FGAX-M (FGAX-H), and alkali-treated FGAX-M devoid of feruloyl substitutions (FGAX-B). We examined the influence of these soluble FGAX samples on the gut microbiome composition and functionality during in vitro simulated colon fermentations, determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and assessment of short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) production. All FGAX samples induced changes in the relative composition of the microbiota and the SCFA levels after 24 h of in vitro fermentation. The changes induced by FGAX-M and FGAX-H tended to be more profound and more similar to the changes induced by inulin than changes conferred by FGAX-B. The microbiota changes induced by FGAX-M and FGAX-H correlated with an increase in the relative abundance of Anaerostipes and with increased butyric acid production, while the changes induced by the FGAX-B sample were less compelling. The results imply that solubilized, substituted diferuloylated corn bran glucuronoarabinoxylans may be potential prebiotic candidates and that both single feruloylations and diferuloyl cross-links influence the prebiotic potential of these arabinoxylan compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xinming Xu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Holck
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jane Wittrup Agger
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Casper Wilkens
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zhuqing Xie
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dennis S Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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11
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Choi Y, Choi SI, Kim N, Nam RH, Jang JY, Na HY, Shin CM, Lee DH, Min H, Kim YR, Seok YJ. Effect of Clostridium butyricum on High-Fat Diet-Induced Intestinal Inflammation and Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:2427-2440. [PMID: 36670324 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS A high-fat diet (HFD) can cause intestinal inflammation and alter the gut microbiota; probiotics, however, are known to have anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the response of rat colon to HFD and the effect of Clostridium butyricum on HFD-induced intestinal inflammation and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) according to sex. METHODS Male and female 6-week-old Fischer-344 rats were fed a chow diet or HFD for 8 weeks, and Biovita or three different concentrations of C. butyricum were orally gavaged. The levels of tight junction proteins (TJPs), inflammatory markers in the ascending colonic mucosa, and bile acids (BAs) and SCFAs in stool were measured. RESULTS HFD significantly increased the histological inflammation scores and fat proportions. Fecal BA levels were higher in the HFD group than in the control group, with a more prominent increase in deoxycholic acid/cholic acid after probiotics administration in females; however, no statistically significant differences were observed. TJPs showed an opposite response to HFD depending on sex, and tended to increase and decrease after HFD in males and females, respectively. The HFD-reduced TJPs were recovered by probiotics, with some statistical significance in females. HFD-decreased butyric acid in stools appeared to be recovered by probiotics in males, but not in females. The expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α) was increased by HFD in males and decreased with medium-concentration probiotic supplementation. The opposite was observed in females. MPO was increased by HFD in both sexes and decreased by probiotic supplementation. CONCLUSIONS The probiotic C. butyricum improved indicators of HFD-induced colonic inflammation such as levels of inflammatory markers and increased the production of SCFAs and the expression of TJPs. These effects tended to be more pronounced in male rats, showing sex difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghoon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Soo In Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jae Young Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hee Young Na
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Huitae Min
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ran Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Jae Seok
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Zhu S, Zhang J, Zhu D, Jiang X, Wei L, Wang W, Chen YQ. Adipose tissue plays a major role in retinoic acid-mediated metabolic homoeostasis. Adipocyte 2022; 11:47-55. [PMID: 34957917 PMCID: PMC8726720 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.2015864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), a bioactive metabolite of vitamin A, has shown therapeutic effects in liver disease, and its effect in improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the inhibition of adipogenesis in the white adipose tissue (WAT) and fatty acid oxidation induction in the liver. However, the major target organ of RA is unknown. We performed chronic administration of RA in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mice. Further, hepatic and adipose cells were used to study the direct effect of RA on lipid metabolism. In addition, qRT-PCR was performed to examine differential gene expression in mouse adipose tissue. RA administration ameliorated NAFLD in HFD-induced obese mice and increased mouse energy expenditure. Although RA had therapeutic effects on liver histology and lipid accumulation, it did not directly affect lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. In contrast, RA reduced the weight of several adipose tissues and improved lipid accumulation in OP9 cells. In addition, RA upregulated genes responsible for fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis in three different WATs. Our work suggests that the liver may not be the main target organ of RA during NAFLD treatment. WAT browning induced by RA may be the primary contributor towards the amelioration of NAFLD in HFD-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Doudou Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lengyun Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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13
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Wu J, Wang J, Lin Z, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Zhou M, Zhao J, Liu H, Ma X. Clostridium butyricum alleviates weaned stress of piglets by improving intestinal immune function and gut microbiota. Food Chem 2022; 405:135014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Korth N, Parsons L, Van Haute MJ, Yang Q, Hurst P, Schnable JC, Holding DR, Benson AK. The Unique Seed Protein Composition of Quality Protein Popcorn Promotes Growth of Beneficial Bacteria From the Human Gut Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:921456. [PMID: 35910657 PMCID: PMC9330393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.921456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of fiber, complex carbohydrates, lipids, and small molecules from food matrices on the human gut microbiome have been increasingly studied. Much less is known about how dietary protein can influence the composition and function of the gut microbial community. Here, we used near-isogenic maize lines of conventional popcorn and quality-protein popcorn (QPP) to study the effects of the opaque-2 mutation and associated quality-protein modifiers on the human gut microbiome. Opaque-2 blocks the synthesis of major maize seed proteins (α-zeins), resulting in a compensatory synthesis of new seed proteins that are nutritionally beneficial with substantially higher levels of the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan. We show that QPP lines stimulate greater amounts of butyrate production by human gut microbiomes in in vitro fermentation of popped and digested corn from parental and QPP hybrids. In human gut microbiomes derived from diverse individuals, bacterial taxa belonging to the butyrate-producing family Lachnospiraceae, including the genera Coprococcus and Roseburia were consistently increased when fermenting QPP vs. parental popcorn lines. We conducted molecular complementation to further demonstrate that lysine-enriched seed protein can stimulate growth and butyrate production by microbes through distinct pathways. Our data show that organisms such as Coprococcus can utilize lysine and that other gut microbes, such as Roseburia spp., instead, utilize fructoselysine produced during thermal processing (popping) of popcorn. Thus, the combination of seed composition in QPP and interaction of protein adducts with carbohydrates during thermal processing can stimulate the growth of health-promoting, butyrate-producing organisms in the human gut microbiome through multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate Korth
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Leandra Parsons
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation–Beadle Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Mallory J. Van Haute
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Qinnan Yang
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Preston Hurst
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation–Beadle Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - James C. Schnable
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation–Beadle Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - David R. Holding
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation–Beadle Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Andrew K. Benson
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrew K. Benson,
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15
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Li H, Jia Y, Weng D, Ju Z, Zhao Y, Liu S, Liu Y, Song M, Cui L, Sun S, Lin H. Clostridium butyricum Inhibits Fat Deposition via Increasing the Frequency of Adipose Tissue-Resident Regulatory T Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100884. [PMID: 35426245 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Clostridium butyricum (CB) exerts beneficial actions in several disorders. However, the impact and molecular cues of CB in fat metabolism remain elusive. This study demonstrates the CB inhibition of fat deposition by increasing the relative number of adipose tissue-resident Treg cells (aTregs). METHODS AND RESULTS CB is administered orally to wild type (WT) mice fed with chow diet, which decrease fat deposition and adipogenic gene expression, associating with elevated serum levels of butyrate. Sodium butyrate (SB) feeding mimics the CB suppression of fat accumulation. Of note, the frequency of aTregs in both the CB and SB treatments, analyzed by flow cytometry, is markedly increased, accompanied by activated Wnt10b expression in white adipose tissues. However, CB and SB fail to inhibit fat deposition in Wnt10b-KO mice. Intriguingly, CB and SB are able to alleviate the obesity, fatty liver, and glucose abnormalities in high fat diet (HFD)-fed WT mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CB, through its metabolite butyrate, inhibits fat deposition via potentiating aTreg cell generation, and support the option of CB and SB for therapeutic interventions in obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yanxin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Dan Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zijing Ju
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yunfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Mengze Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Lulu Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
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16
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Yang F, Zhu W, Edirisuriya P, Ai Q, Nie K, Ji X, Zhou K. Characterization of metabolites and biomarkers for the probiotic effects of Clostridium cochlearium on high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2217-2229. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Naomi R, Yazid MD, Bahari H, Keong YY, Rajandram R, Embong H, Teoh SH, Halim S, Othman F. Bisphenol A (BPA) Leading to Obesity and Cardiovascular Complications: A Compilation of Current In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2969. [PMID: 35328389 PMCID: PMC8949383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BPA is one of the most common endocrine disruptors that is widely being manufactured daily nationwide. Although scientific evidence supports claims of negative effects of BPA on humans, there is also evidence suggesting that a low level of BPA is safe. However, numerous in vivo trials contraindicate with this claim and there is a high possibility of BPA exposure could lead to obesity. It has been speculated that this does not stop with the exposed subjects only, but may also cause transgenerational effects. Direct disruption of endocrine regulation, neuroimmune and signaling pathways, as well as gut microbiata, has been identified to be interrupted by BPA exposure, leading to overweight or obesity. In these instances, cardiovascular complications are one of the primary notable clinical signs. In regard to this claim, this review paper discusses the role of BPA on obesity in the perspective of endocrine disruptions and possible cardiovascular complications that may arise due to BPA. Thus, the aim of this review is to outline the changes in gut microbiota and neuroimmune or signaling mechanisms involved in obesity in relation to BPA. To identify potentially relevant articles, a depth search was done on the databases Nature, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Medline & Ovid from the past 5 years. According to Boolean operator guideline, selected keywords such as (1) BPA OR environmental chemical AND fat OR LDL OR obese AND transgenerational effects or phenocopy (2) Endocrine disruptors OR chemical AND lipodystrophy AND phenocopy (3) Lipid profile OR weight changes AND cardiovascular effect (4) BPA AND neuroimmune OR gene signaling, were used as search terms. Upon screening, 11 articles were finalized to be further reviewed and data extraction tables containing information on (1) the type of animal model (2) duration and dosage of BPA exposure (3) changes in the lipid profile or weight (4) genes, signaling mechanism, or any neuroimmune signal involved, and (5) transgenerational effects were created. In toto, the study indicates there are high chances of BPA exposure affecting lipid profile and gene associated with lipolysis, leading to obesity. Therefore, this scoping review recapitulates the possible effects of BPA that may lead to obesity with the evidence of current in vivo trials. The biomarkers, safety concerns, recommended dosage, and the impact of COVID-19 on BPA are also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Yong Yoke Keong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Retnagowri Rajandram
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Soo Huat Teoh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Shariff Halim
- Neuroscience Research Group, International Medical School, Management & Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Fezah Othman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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18
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Stoeva MK, Garcia-So J, Justice N, Myers J, Tyagi S, Nemchek M, McMurdie PJ, Kolterman O, Eid J. Butyrate-producing human gut symbiont, Clostridium butyricum, and its role in health and disease. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-28. [PMID: 33874858 PMCID: PMC8078720 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1907272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium butyricum is a butyrate-producing human gut symbiont that has been safely used as a probiotic for decades. C. butyricum strains have been investigated for potential protective or ameliorative effects in a wide range of human diseases, including gut-acquired infection, intestinal injury, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, neurodegenerative disease, metabolic disease, and colorectal cancer. In this review we summarize the studies on C. butyricum supplementation with special attention to proposed mechanisms for the associated health benefits and the supporting experimental evidence. These mechanisms center on molecular signals (especially butyrate) as well as immunological signals in the digestive system that cascade well beyond the gut to the liver, adipose tissue, brain, and more. The safety of probiotic C. butyricum strains appears well-established. We identify areas where additional human randomized controlled trials would provide valuable further data related to the strains' utility as an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena K. Stoeva
- R&D and Clinical departments, Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeewon Garcia-So
- R&D and Clinical departments, Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Justice
- R&D and Clinical departments, Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia Myers
- R&D and Clinical departments, Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Surabhi Tyagi
- R&D and Clinical departments, Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Madeleine Nemchek
- R&D and Clinical departments, Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul J. McMurdie
- R&D and Clinical departments, Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Orville Kolterman
- R&D and Clinical departments, Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Eid
- R&D and Clinical departments, Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA,CONTACT John Eid Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, San Francisco, California, USA
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19
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Native and Engineered Probiotics: Promising Agents against Related Systemic and Intestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020594. [PMID: 35054790 PMCID: PMC8775704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is a dynamic balance involving the interaction between the host intestinal mucosa, immune barrier, intestinal microecology, nutrients, and metabolites. Once homeostasis is out of balance, it will increase the risk of intestinal diseases and is also closely associated with some systemic diseases. Probiotics (Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium butyricum, lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium spp.), maintaining the gut homeostasis through direct interaction with the intestine, can also exist as a specific agent to prevent, alleviate, or cure intestinal-related diseases. With genetic engineering technology advancing, probiotics can also show targeted therapeutic properties. The aims of this review are to summarize the roles of potential native and engineered probiotics in oncology, inflammatory bowel disease, and obesity, discussing the therapeutic applications of these probiotics.
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20
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Gut Microbiota Diversity and Overweight/Obesity in Infancy: Results from a Nested Case-control Study. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:210-216. [PMID: 34985609 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood obesity is a major health concern worldwide. Previous studies have explored the relationship between obesity and gut microbiota. However, the results from such studies remain contradictory. METHODS In the present nested case-control study, based on a twin birth cohort study, the relationship between gut microbiota diversity and overweight/obesity in 1- and 6-month-old infants was explored. Twins were enrolled when one child had normal weight and the other child was overweight/obese at six months old. For both infants, stool samples were collected at 1 and 6 months of age. Finally, 12 twins were enrolled in the study. The gut microbiota was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in the V3-V4 area. Six of the twins were monozygotic. RESULTS The results revealed that the microbiota communities of monozygotic twins were similar to those of dizygotic twins. The relative abundance (RA) of microbiota of 1-month-old twins was significantly higher than that of 6-month-old twins. However, the microbiota diversity of 1-month-old twins was significantly lower than that of 6-month-old twins. In addition, 6-month-old twins had significantly higher RA levels of Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiracea incertae sedis than 1-month-old twins. The 6-month-old group had significantly lower RA levels of Veillonella, Klebsiella, Akkermansia, Streptococcus, or Staphylococcus than the 1-month-old group. At six months, the RA level of Clostridium sensu stricto was higher in the overweight/obesity group than the normal-weight group. CONCLUSION These findings imply that changes in gut microbiota diversity during infancy may contribute to the development of obesity in early infancy.
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The enriched gut commensal Faeciroseburia intestinalis contributes to the anti-metabolic disorders effects of the Ganoderma meroterpene derivative. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Beneficial effects of a combination of Clostridium cochlearium and Lactobacillus acidophilus on body weight gain, insulin sensitivity, and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Nutrition 2021; 93:111439. [PMID: 34507264 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Species Lactobacillus acidophilus and butyrate producer Clostridium cochlearium have been shown to have potential antiobesity effects. The aim of this study was to show that the combination of C. cochlearium and L. acidophilus (CC-LA) has beneficial effects on body weight control and glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. METHODS In this study, thirty-six 6-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups of 12 mice each. The experimental group (CC-LA) was administered with CC-LA mixture and fed ad libitum with a high-fat diet. High-fat diet (HF) control and low-fat diet (LF) control groups were treated with the same dose of sterile water as the CC-LA group. RESULTS After 17 wk of dietary intervention, the CC-LA group showed 17% less body weight gain than the HF group did (P < 0.01). The CC-LA group also showed significantly reduced incremental area under the curve of oral glucose tolerance test and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance compared with the HF group. The results from 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of gut microbiota showed that the CC-LA administration led to overall increased α-diversity indices, and a significant microbial separation from the HF group. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) was reduced from 3.30 in the HF group to 1.94 in the CC-LA group. The relative abundances of certain obesity-related taxa were also decreased by CC-LA administration. CONCLUSION The present study provided evidence that the CC-LA combination reduced obesity and improved glucose metabolism in high-fat diet-treated DIO mice, potentially mediated by the modulation of gut microbiota.
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Luo X, Kong Q, Wang Y, Duan X, Wang P, Li C, Huan Y. Colonization of Clostridium butyricum in Rats and Its Effect on Intestinal Microbial Composition. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1573. [PMID: 34442652 PMCID: PMC8401576 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microorganisms participate in many physiological processes. In particular, Clostridium butyricum can modulate gut microorganisms and treat diseases. The colonization and persistence of strains in the gut contribute to beneficial effects, and the colonization by C. butyricum in the gut is currently unknown. We investigated the total intestinal contents of C. butyricum at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and four and six days using real-time reverse transcription-PCR, after oral administration of C. butyricum to rats for seven consecutive days. We assessed the bacterial community structure using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The results showed that C. butyricum was mainly colonized in the colon. The total content of C. butyricum in the gut increased significantly at 12 h after administration. Exogenous C. butyricum could still be detected in the gut six days after administration. Administration of C. butyricum significantly enhanced gut microbial diversity. The relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacterial genera was shown to be higher than that of the control group, and treatment with C. butyricum elevated Firmicutes and diminished Bacteroidetes phyla compared with to the control group. These findings laid the foundation for the study of probiotic colonization capacity and the improvement of microflora for the prevention of gut diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Kong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.L.); (Y.W.); (X.D.); (P.W.); (C.L.); (Y.H.)
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López-Moreno A, Acuña I, Torres-Sánchez A, Ruiz-Moreno Á, Cerk K, Rivas A, Suárez A, Monteoliva-Sánchez M, Aguilera M. Next Generation Probiotics for Neutralizing Obesogenic Effects: Taxa Culturing Searching Strategies. Nutrients 2021; 13:1617. [PMID: 34065873 PMCID: PMC8151043 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of diet, lifestyle, and the exposure to food obesogens categorized into "microbiota disrupting chemicals" (MDC) could determine obesogenic-related dysbiosis and modify the microbiota diversity that impacts on individual health-disease balances, inducing altered pathogenesis phenotypes. Specific, complementary, and combined treatments are needed to face these altered microbial patterns and the specific misbalances triggered. In this sense, searching for next-generation beneficial microbes or next-generation probiotics (NGP) by microbiota culturing, and focusing on their demonstrated, extensive scope and well-defined functions could contribute to counteracting and repairing the effects of obesogens. Therefore, this review presents a perspective through compiling information and key strategies for directed searching and culturing of NGP that could be administered for obesity and endocrine-related dysbiosis by (i) observing the differential abundance of specific microbiota taxa in obesity-related patients and analyzing their functional roles, (ii) developing microbiota-directed strategies for culturing these taxa groups, and (iii) applying the successful compiled criteria from recent NGP clinical studies. New isolated or cultivable microorganisms from healthy gut microbiota specifically related to obesogens' neutralization effects might be used as an NGP single strain or in consortia, both presenting functions and the ability to palliate metabolic-related disorders. Identification of holistic approaches for searching and using potential NGP, key aspects, the bias, gaps, and proposals of solutions are also considered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana López-Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (K.C.); (M.M.-S.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Inmaculada Acuña
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alfonso Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (K.C.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Ángel Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (K.C.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Klara Cerk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (K.C.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Ana Rivas
- IBS, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Suárez
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Monteoliva-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (K.C.); (M.M.-S.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Margarita Aguilera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (K.C.); (M.M.-S.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.A.); (A.S.)
- IBS, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, 18012 Granada, Spain;
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Fan S, Raychaudhuri S, Page R, Shahinozzaman M, Obanda DN. Metagenomic insights into the effects of Urtica dioica vegetable on the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J obese mice, particularly the composition of Clostridia. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 91:108594. [PMID: 33545322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Urtica dioica (UT) vegetable attenuates diet induced weight gain and insulin resistance. We hypothesized that UT imparts metabolic health by impacting the gut microbiota composition. We examined effects of UT on the cecal bacterial taxonomic signature of C57BL/6J mice fed isocaloric diets: a low-fat diet (LFD) with 10% fat, a high fat diet (HFD) with 45% fat or the HFD supplemented with 9% UT (HFUT). Among Firmicutes, the HFD had no significant impact on Clostridia, but increased Bacilli particularly genus Lactococcus and Lactobacillus. HFUT lowered Lactococcus but not Lactobacillus to levels of the LFD (P<.01; n=9). Further examination of Clostridia showed that HFUT increased genus Clostridium by over 2-fold particularly the species C. vincentii and C. disporicum and increased genus Turicibacter by three-fold (P<.05; n=9). Abundance of Clostridium and Turicibacter negatively correlated with body weight (P<.05; R2=0.42) and HOMA-IR (P<.05; R2=0.45). Turicibacter and Clostridium have been shown to be more abundant in lean phenotypes compared to obese. Clostridium impacts host phenotype by inducing intestinal T cell responses. The HFUT diet had no effect on members of Actinobacteria. Among Bacteroidetes, HFUT mainly increased proliferation of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (P<.05; n=9) with no significant impact on other groups. Functional analysis showed that HFUT enhanced bacterial beta-alanine and D-arginine metabolism both of which are associated with a lean phenotype and enhanced insulin sensitivity. We conclude that increasing the proliferation of Clostridium and Turicibacter and altering amino acid metabolism may be contributing mechanism(s) by which Urtica dioica impacts metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Fan
- University of Maryland, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Samnhita Raychaudhuri
- University of Maryland, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Page
- Louisiana State University, Department of Animal Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Md Shahinozzaman
- University of Maryland, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Diana N Obanda
- University of Maryland, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College Park, MD, USA.
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Corb Aron RA, Abid A, Vesa CM, Nechifor AC, Behl T, Ghitea TC, Munteanu MA, Fratila O, Andronie-Cioara FL, Toma MM, Bungau S. Recognizing the Benefits of Pre-/Probiotics in Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Considering the Influence of Akkermansia muciniphila as a Key Gut Bacterium. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030618. [PMID: 33802777 PMCID: PMC8002498 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are diseases that can be influenced by the structure of gut microbiota, whose improvement is often neglected in metabolic pathology. This review highlights the following main aspects: the relationship between probiotics/gut microbes with the pathogenesis of MetS, the particular positive roles of Akkermansia muciniphila supplementation in the onset of MetS, and the interaction between dietary polyphenols (prebiotics) with gut microbiota. Therefore, an extensive and in-depth analysis of the often-neglected correlation between gut microbiota and chronic metabolic diseases was conducted, considering that this topic continues to fascinate and stimulate researchers through the discovery of novel strains and their beneficial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Anca Corb Aron
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (R.A.C.A.); (C.M.V.)
| | - Areha Abid
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (R.A.C.A.); (C.M.V.)
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Timea Claudia Ghitea
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (T.C.G.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Mihai Alexandru Munteanu
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (M.A.M.); (O.F.)
| | - Ovidiu Fratila
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (M.A.M.); (O.F.)
| | - Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Mirela Marioara Toma
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (T.C.G.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (T.C.G.); (M.M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-726-776-588
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Kale Attenuates Inflammation and Modulates Gut Microbial Composition and Function in C57BL/6J Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020238. [PMID: 33498853 PMCID: PMC7911404 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) is a vegetable common in most cultures but is less studied as a functional food compared to other cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli. We investigated the effect of supplementing a high-fat diet (HFD) with kale (HFKV) in C57BL/6J mice. We particularly explored its role in metabolic parameters, gut bacterial composition and diversity using 16S rRNA sequencing, systematically compared changes under each phylum and predicted the functional potential of the altered bacterial community using PICRUSt2. Like other cruciferous vegetables, kale attenuated HFD-induced inflammation. In addition, kale modulated HFD-induced changes in cecal microbiota composition. The HFD lowered bacterial diversity, increased the Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and altered composition. Specifically, it lowered Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidia, Rikenellaceae and Prevotellaceae) but increased Firmicutes (mainly class Bacilli). Kale supplementation lowered the F/B ratio, increased both alpha and beta diversity and reduced class Bacilli and Erysipelotrichi but had no effect on Clostridia. Within Actinobacteria, HFKV particularly increased Coriobacteriales/Coriobacteriaceae about four-fold compared to the HFD (p < 0.05). Among Bacteroidia, HFKV increased the species Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron by over two-fold (p = 0.05) compared to the HFD. This species produces plant polysaccharide digesting enzymes. Compared to the HFD, kale supplementation enhanced several bacterial metabolic functions, including glycan degradation, thiamine metabolism and xenobiotic metabolism. Our findings provide evidence that kale is a functional food that modulates the microbiota and changes in inflammation phenotype.
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Shin SY, Hussain Z, Lee YJ, Park H. An altered composition of fecal microbiota, organic acids, and the effect of probiotics in the guinea pig model of postoperative ileus. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e13966. [PMID: 32815235 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate the altered composition of fecal microbiota, organic acids, and the effect of probiotics in the guinea pig model of the postoperative ileus (POI). METHODS A laparotomy with cecal manipulation was performed to induce POI in guinea pigs. Fecal pellets were collected before the operation (the baseline) and 1, 3, and 5 days after the operation. The extracted fecal DNA was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing system. The same POI procedures were performed after oral pretreatment of the probiotics for 7 days before operation. The effect of the probiotics on the selected taxa and fecal acetate were evaluated, as were the butyrate levels. The colonic transit was assessed by measurement of the fecal pellet output. KEY RESULTS The communities of the baseline and POI groups indicated significantly distinct composition. The genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were more abundant in the baseline group compared with the POI groups, and Bacteroides and Blautia were more abundant in the POI groups. Decreased abundances of the species Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum after the POI procedure were significantly increased in the probiotics group. The decreased fecal butyrate level after the POI procedure was significantly increased, and colonic transit was significantly improved in the probiotics group. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES POI induces gut bacterial dysbiosis. Moreover, pretreatment of probiotics before operation restores the beneficial bacterial species, butyrate production, and bowel movement. The modulation of gut microbiota may help the treatment and prevention of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yong Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Salles BIM, Cioffi D, Ferreira SRG. Probiotics supplementation and insulin resistance: a systematic review. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:98. [PMID: 33292434 PMCID: PMC7656736 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on intestinal microbiota has grown considerably, as well as the interest on probiotics' supplementation effects on metabolism. Considering high prevalence rates of metabolic diseases linked by insulin resistance, we performed a systematic review of existing literature which addressed the role of probiotics in modulating insulin sensitivity in animals and humans. METHODS This systematic review was based on PRISMA guidelines. Searches for original articles published in English from 1990 to January 2020 were made in the electronic database of PubMed from the National Library of Medicine, using Medical Subject Headings to identify longitudinal studies conducted in animals and humans which reported effects of probiotics in a variety of insulin resistance parameters. RESULTS Overall, results from 27 probiotic interventions (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium and Akkermansia) indicated significant beneficial changes in insulin resistance measures in animal studies. Additionally, they improved lipid profile, inflammatory and oxidative markers, short-chain fatty acids production and microbiota composition. In seven clinical trials, samples and designs were heterogeneous. Five showed benefits in insulin resistance parameters and in two others no effect was detected. CONCLUSION Available data regarding the effects of certain probiotics do not guarantee sustained amelioration of insulin resistance in humans. Consistent beneficial results for intestinal barrier function, immune system and metabolism were reported in animals may encourage long-term randomized clinical trials in people with obesity and cardiometabolic risk. Whether supplementation with probiotics in combination with medications and/or prebiotics, associated with a healthy lifestyle, will prove useful to attenuate insulin resistance requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Izabel Moraes Salles
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Débora Cioffi
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Sandra Roberta G Ferreira
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-904, Brazil.
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Niu D, An S, Chen X, Bi H, Zhang Q, Wang T, Han B, Zhang H, Kang J. Corni Fructus as a Natural Resource Can Treat Type 2 Diabetes by Regulating Gut Microbiota. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:1385-1407. [PMID: 32907359 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The nutrient-rich resource Cornus Fructus (CF) showed curative effects on diabetes mellitus. However, the mechanism underlying its hyperglycemic activity remains obscure. Herein, the antidiabetic potential of four extracts from CF, including saponin (CTS), iridoid glycoside (CIG), tannin (CT), and alcohol extract (CCA) was evaluated in vivo. The results showed that all four extracts could increase the body weight, decrease the blood glucose levels, and elevate the glucose tolerance. Moreover, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile were significantly improved in fed mice. In the [Formula: see text]-diversity index of samples, compared to the DM group, the diversity and richness of gut microbiota in mice to a certain extent were reduced in both CF extracts and Metformin (PC). Among them, there was statistical significance in PC (ACE, [Formula: see text]) and CCA (ACE, [Formula: see text]; chao1: [Formula: see text]). Beta diversity showed the same trend as the UPGMA clustering trees, which revealed that CF extracts could improve intestinal homeostasis in T2DM mice. Also, CF extracts could elevate the production of short-chain fatty acids, as well as regulate the composition of gut microbiota. The key bacteria related to T2DM including Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium were modulated by metformin and CF. Altogether, CF is a potential nutrient-rich candidate that can be used in functional foods for the treatment of T2DM, and the change of gut microbiota might be a novel mechanism underlying its hyperglycemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Niu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude, Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Shujing An
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude, Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude, Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Huailong Bi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude, Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Qiusheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude, Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude, Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Binkai Han
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude, Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Jiefang Kang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude, Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
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Obanda DN, Husseneder C, Raggio AM, Page R, Marx B, Stout RW, Guice J, Coulon D, Keenan MJ. Abundance of the species Clostridium butyricum in the gut microbiota contributes to differences in obesity phenotype in outbred Sprague-Dawley CD rats. Nutrition 2020; 78:110893. [PMID: 32721767 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gut microbiota profiles contribute to differences in obesity phenotype. We examined the abundance of the species Clostridium butyricum in relation to obesity phenotype. METHODS In outbred Sprague -Dawley rats we examined effects of dietary fat, resistant starch (RS), and a microbiota transplant on obesity phenotype. Using targeted qPCR, we examined the abundance of total gut bacteria and C. butyricum in relation to the propensity of obesity prone and obesity resistant rats to accumulate abdominal fat. RESULTS Before inclusion of dietary RS, obesity resistant (OR) rats had higher amounts of total bacteria, and C. butyricum compared to obesity prone (OP) rats (P < 0.005 in study I, P < 0.0001 in study II). A high fat diet (HF) lowered C. butyricum levels while RS had no effect. Dietary RS elicited robust fermentation and increased total bacteria only in OP rats. In preparation for the transplant, antibiotics were administered to recipient rats. Four weeks thereafter, total bacteria levels were restored but, C. butyricum levels were not. The transplant between the two phenotypes had no effect on abundance of C. butyricum and obesity phenotype. CONCLUSIONS While C. butyricum is a known saccharolytic, its proliferation is not enhanced by fermentation of resistant starch. C. butyricum maybe one of the species that constitute a core microbiota involved in energy storage and metabolism through mechanisms that are not yet known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana N Obanda
- University of Maryland, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College Park, Maryland, USA..
| | - Claudia Husseneder
- Entomology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Anne M Raggio
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ryan Page
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Brian Marx
- Experimental Statistics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rhett W Stout
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, LSU A & M, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Diana Coulon
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michael J Keenan
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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32
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Zhu X, Zhang X, Gao X, Yi Y, Hou Y, Meng X, Jia C, Chao B, Fan W, Li X, Zhang H. Effects of Inulin Propionate Ester on Obesity-Related Metabolic Syndrome and Intestinal Microbial Homeostasis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:12865-12876. [PMID: 32548470 PMCID: PMC7288568 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) plays an important role in improving obesity and related metabolic syndrome induced by high-fat diet. We used the prepared inulin propionate ester (IPE) as a system for the targeted release of propionate to the colon to elucidate the role of IPE in regulating obesity and metabolic syndrome, and intestinal microbial homeostasis, in diet-induced obese mice. With this strategy, IPE significantly increased the SCFA contents in the colon and resulted in significant body weight reduction, insulin resistance amelioration, and gastrointestinal hormone (glucagon-like peptide and peptide YY) secretion (P < 0.05). The IPE intervention reduced liver fatty accumulation, which improved obesity-related fatty liver disease (P < 0.05). IPE supplementation increased the richness and diversity of the microbial community and altered bacterial population at both the phylum and family level. Intestinal microbial results showed that the relative abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, which promote the production of inflammatory factors, was reduced. Our results demonstrate that IPE can be used as an effective strategy for delivering propionate to obese mice colon, which can ameliorate obesity and associated metabolic syndrome and modify intestinal microbial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Zhu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuelu Gao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yuetao Yi
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yang Hou
- Beijing Dongcheng District Food and Drug Safety Monitoring Center, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xianyao Meng
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenchen Jia
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Chao
- School of Clinical Medicine at Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Wenyong Fan
- School of Clinical Medicine at Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- School of Clinical Medicine at Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Hanhan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
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Khattab RA, Ahmed NA, Ragab YM, Rasmy SA. Bacteria producing antimicrobials against Clostridium difficile isolated from human stool. Anaerobe 2020; 63:102206. [PMID: 32339663 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients worldwide. The major problem facing current treatment is multiple recurrences, prompting the need for alternative therapies. In this study we isolated bacterial species, from Egyptian individuals' stool, with antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates of C. difficile and tried to examine the nature of the produced antimicrobials. In vitro antibacterial activity against C. difficile was initially screened in 123 fecal samples cultures using an agar overlay method. The isolates with antimicrobial activity against C. difficile in addition to Clostridium isolates were identified using partial 16S rDNA gene sequencing analysis. The isolates acting against C. difficile belonged to Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Clostridium genera. The concentrated cell-free supernatants (CFSs) from these bacterial isolates were examined for antimicrobial activity against C. difficile growth by broth dilution method. 10 x concentrated CFSs of five isolates showed inhibition for C. difficile growth which was significantly different (p < 0.001) from control. Lactobacillus agilis T99A and Clostridium butyricum T58A isolates were selected for further evaluation of the produced antimicrobials. The antimicrobial activity of 10x CFSs of the two isolates was stable after enzymatic treatment with proteinase K or heating treatments up to 90 °C or neutralizing pH. The spectrum of activity of the two isolates was evaluated using different gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species and did not show antimicrobial activity against these species. Our results showed two unconventional bacterial isolates: L. agilis T99A and C. butyricum T58A producing extracellular thermo stable antimicrobial agents against C. difficile clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Abdelmonem Khattab
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Noha A Ahmed
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Ragab
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa A Rasmy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang WW, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Qi GH. Supplemental Clostridium butyricum Modulates Lipid Metabolism Through Shaping Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Profile of Aged Laying Hens. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:600. [PMID: 32351471 PMCID: PMC7176355 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic Clostridium butyricum could affect lipid metabolism in broilers. However, it is not clear whether C. butyricum could improve lipid metabolism through shaping gut microbiota and bile acid (BA) profile of laying hens. We aimed to evaluate the contributions of gut microbiota and BA profile to the potential effect of C. butyricum on lipid metabolism of aged laying hens. A total of 192 60-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were divided into two groups (eight replicates per group). Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 or 2.7 g/kg C. butyricum (1.0 × 109 CFU/g). Samples were collected at the end of week 8 of the experiment. The results showed elevated (P < 0.05) concentrations of glucagon-like peptide 1, insulin and thyroid hormones in serum responded to C. butyricum addition, which also decreased (P < 0.05) hepatic free fatty acids contents, as well as increased (P < 0.05) the expression of hepatic acyl-CoA oxidase, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and PPARα. C. butyricum addition increased (P < 0.05) Bacteroidetes abundance but tended to decrease (P < 0.10) Firmicutes abundance in the ileum. Besides, C. butyricum addition resulted in higher (P < 0.05) abundances of Clostridia (Clostridiales) and Prevotellaceae, concurrent with an increasing trend (P < 0.10) of Bifidobacteriaceae abundance and decreased the abundances of several harmful bacteria such as Klebsiella (P < 0.05). Regarding ileal BA profile, there was a reduced (P < 0.05) content of tauro-α-muricholic acid, increased (P < 0.05) contents of tauroursodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, along with increasing trends (P < 0.10) of glycochenodeoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid contents due to C. butyricum addition, which also increased (P < 0.05) ileal FXR expression. Collectively, supplemental C. butyricum accelerated hepatic fatty acid oxidation, and shaped gut microbiota and BA profile, thus reducing fat deposition in the liver of aged laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Wang
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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35
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Shin DS, Rhee KJ, Eom YB. Effect of Probiotic Clostridium butyricum NCTC 7423 Supernatant on Biofilm Formation and Gene Expression of Bacteroides fragilis. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:368-377. [PMID: 32066216 PMCID: PMC9728305 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2001.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is the main pathogen causing severe inflammatory diseases and colorectal cancer. Its biofilm plays a key role in the development of colorectal cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the antagonistic effects of cell-free supernatants (CFS) derived from Clostridium butyricum against the growth and biofilm of ETBF. Our data showed that C. butyricum CFS inhibited the growth of B. fragilis in planktonic culture. In addition, C. butyricum CFS exhibited an antibiofilm effect by inhibiting biofilm development, disassembling preformed biofilms and reducing the metabolic activity of cells in biofilms. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we found that C. butyricum CFS significantly suppressed the proteins and extracellular nucleic acids among the basic biofilm components. Furthermore, C. butyricum CFS significantly downregulated the expression of virulence- and efflux pump-related genes including ompA and bmeB3 in B. fragilis. Our findings suggest that C. butyricum can be used as biotherapeutic agent by inhibiting the growth and biofilm of ETBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Seul Shin
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 3538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University at Wonju, Wonju 6493, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bin Eom
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 3538, Republic of Korea,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 158, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-41-530-3039 Fax: +82-41-530-3085 E-mail:
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36
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Qiao J, Li H, Li Y. Dietary Clostridium butyricum supplementation modifies significantly the liver transcriptomic profile in weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1410-1423. [PMID: 32207194 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The addition of probiotics in swine nutrition is known to positively influence both health and growth. The current study investigates differences in the hepatic transcriptome profiles between weaned piglets supplemented with Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) and control animals that received no probiotic. The liver is an important metabolic organ that plays a critical role in oxidizing triglycerides for energy production, lipid synthesis and degradation, as well as immune regulation in animals. RNA-Seq analysis was carried out on total RNA harvested from the liver of piglets fed with (n = 3) or without (n = 3) 5 × 105 C. butyricum CFU/g. Compared to the control piglets, 588 of the genes examined (352 up-regulated and 236 down-regulated) were significantly differentially expressed at a fold change > 2 and p < .05 in animals fed with C. butyricum. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was further used to validate the microarray expression results for 28 genes tested. The functional annotation analyses revealed several genes, processes and pathways with putative involvement in piglet growth and performance. Feeding swine with 5 × 105 C. butyricum CFU/g appears to reinforce their immune status as well as foster the cell cycle and improve the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids. This study provides valuable information about the expression profiles of mRNAs in piglet liver and in-depth functional investigations of these mRNAs that could provide new insights into the molecular networks of growth, immune responses and nutrient metabolism in the porcine liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haihua Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yupeng Li
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin, China
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37
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Li J, Wu H, Liu Y, Yang L. High fat diet induced obesity model using four strainsof mice: Kunming, C57BL/6, BALB/c and ICR. Exp Anim 2020; 69:326-335. [PMID: 32188837 PMCID: PMC7445062 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High fat diet (HFD) treated mouse is widely used as experimental animal model for hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia study. Many factors contribute to establish animal model that meant to simulate high fat and glucose diet induced phenotypes. In the present study, four strains of experiment mouse treated by HFD were used to explore the impact of mouse strain on lipid profile, glucose level, and major inflammation cytokines. HFD fed Kunming and ICR mouse gained significantly higher body weight than control which was not shown by C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse. All four strains fed by HFD has heavier liver and adipose tissue than control ones. Obvious fat droplets and enlarged adipose cells were observed in obese mouse of four strains. Additionally, obese mouse showed typical response to glucose and insulin load in OGTT and ITT. Serum TC, LDL-c, and TC/HDL-c ratio, but not TG, increased in all four strains. Major inflammatory cytokines and insulin level showed little changes in obese mouse as well (P<0.05) The present study could provide basic information for diet induced obesity developed by four commonly used experimental mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Haishan Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Yuting Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
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38
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Jia L, Cao M, Chen H, Zhang M, Dong X, Ren Z, Sun J, Pan LL. Butyrate Ameliorates Antibiotic-Driven Type 1 Diabetes in the Female Offspring of Nonobese Diabetic Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3112-3120. [PMID: 32046486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Maternal gut dysbiosis affects the development of the offspring immune system. Our previous study has indicated that microbial metabolite butyrate directly shapes pancreatic immune tolerance and dampens type 1 diabetes (T1D) progression. Therefore, maternal butyrate intervention may protect their offspring from maternal gut dysbiosis-accelerated T1D. To test this, pregnant nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice were treated with vancomycin in drinking water with or without a butyrate-supplemented diet during gestation and nursing (oral vancomycin is used to induce maternal gut dysbiosis). Three weeks after delivery, T1D-associated innate and adaptive immune cells were detected to investigate the effects of butyrate on the vancomycin-exacerbated pancreatic immune disorder in dams and pups. The results showed that butyrate inhibited maternal vancomycin-exacerbated secretion of proinflammation cytokines (interferon γ and interleukin-1β) and maternal vancomycin-exacerbated recruitment of interferon γ+ T cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes 1 cells and T helper type 1 cells) in the pancreas of the female offspring, thus dampening T1D development. The protection may be due to butyrate inhibiting the activation of pancreatic dendritic cells (DCs). Our data thus demonstrate that maternal gut dysbiosis can exacerbate pancreatic-directed autoimmunity in the female offspring through T cell- and DC-associated mechanisms that are inhibited by butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Jia
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Minkai Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Dong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhengnan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Li-Long Pan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Ni Y, Ni L, Zhuge F, Xu L, Fu Z, Ota T. Adipose Tissue Macrophage Phenotypes and Characteristics: The Key to Insulin Resistance in Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:225-234. [PMID: 31903735 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most serious global health problems, with an incidence that increases yearly and coincides with the development of a variety of associated comorbidities (e.g., type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, some immune-related disorders). Although many studies have investigated the pathogenesis of overweight and obesity, multiple regulatory factors underlying the onset of obesity-related metabolic disorders remain elusive. Macrophages contribute to modulation of obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance (IR); adipose tissue macrophages are particularly important in this context. Based on newly identified links between the chemokine system and obesity, macrophage polarization has become an essential target of new therapies for obesity-related IR. The findings of multiple studies imply that variations in gut microbiota and its metabolites might contribute to the regulation of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Recently, several novel antidiabetic drugs, applied as treatment for weight loss, were shown to be effective for obesity-induced IR and other comorbidities. The present review will discuss the properties and functions of macrophages in adipose tissue under conditions of obesity from three perspectives: the chemokine system, the gut microbiota, and antidiabetic drug application. It is proposed that macrophages might be a key therapeutic target for obesity-induced complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyang Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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40
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Khudhair Z, Alhallaf R, Eichenberger RM, Whan J, Kupz A, Field M, Krause L, Wilson DT, Daly NL, Giacomin P, Sotillo J, Loukas A. Gastrointestinal Helminth Infection Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Decreases Systemic Inflammation, and Alters the Composition of Gut Microbiota in Distinct Mouse Models of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:606530. [PMID: 33613446 PMCID: PMC7892786 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.606530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major health problem and is considered one of the top 10 diseases leading to death globally. T2D has been widely associated with systemic and local inflammatory responses and with alterations in the gut microbiota. Microorganisms, including parasitic worms and gut microbes have exquisitely co-evolved with their hosts to establish an immunological interaction that is essential for the formation and maintenance of a balanced immune system, including suppression of excessive inflammation. Herein we show that both prophylactic and therapeutic infection of mice with the parasitic hookworm-like nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance and body weight gain in two different diet-induced mouse models of T2D. Helminth infection was associated with elevated type 2 immune responses including increased eosinophil numbers in the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and adipose tissues, as well as increased expression of IL-4 and alternatively activated macrophage marker genes in adipose tissue, liver and gut. N. brasiliensis infection was also associated with significant compositional changes in the gut microbiota at both the phylum and order levels. Our findings show that N. brasiliensis infection drives changes in local and systemic immune cell populations, and that these changes are associated with a reduction in systemic and local inflammation and compositional changes in the gut microbiota which cumulatively might be responsible for the improved insulin sensitivity observed in infected mice. Our findings indicate that carefully controlled therapeutic hookworm infection in humans could be a novel approach for treating metabolic syndrome and thereby preventing T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Khudhair
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Rafid Alhallaf
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Ramon M. Eichenberger
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Jen Whan
- Advanced Analytical Center, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Matt Field
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - David T. Wilson
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Norelle L. Daly
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Giacomin
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Alex Loukas,
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Wang T, Yan H, Lu Y, Li X, Wang X, Shan Y, Yi Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Lü X. Anti-obesity effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LS-8 and Lactobacillus crustorum MN047 on high-fat and high-fructose diet mice base on inflammatory response alleviation and gut microbiota regulation. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2709-2728. [PMID: 31659451 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LS-8 and Lactobacillus crustorum MN047, and illustrate the potential functional mechanism about the alleviation of high fat and high fructose diet (HFFD) induced obesity and related metabolic abnormalities. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a standard or HFFD with or without supplementation of L. rhamnosus LS-8 and L. crustorum MN047 for 10 weeks. Obesity related metabolic indices including glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, serum lipid, liver function, hormones and inflammatory cytokines were assessed by standard protocols. For the monitoring of inflammatory response and lipid metabolism, transcriptional levels were profiled in liver and/or adipose tissues. Furthermore, gut microbiota composition analyses in the fecal samples were performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and gut microbial metabolites, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were also tested for the assessment of the relationship between gut microbiota variation and inflammatory response. RESULTS Administration with L. rhamnosus LS-8 and L. crustorum MN047 significantly mitigated body weight gain and insulin resistance, and inflammatory response (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in serum and corresponding mRNA levels in adipose tissues) was significantly inhibited in these two strains-treated mice. Moreover, L. rhamnosus LS-8 and L. crustorum MN047 could partially normalized mRNA expression levels involved in lipid metabolism including Pparγ, Srebp-1c, CD36, Fabp2 and FAS. In addition, these two strains manipulated gut microbiota by decreasing the abundance of Bacteroides and Desulfovibrio and increasing that of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which in turn raised the levels of feces SCFAs and lowered the levels of circulating LPS. CONCLUSION These results indicated that L. rhamnosus LS-8 and L. crustorum MN047 supplementation possessed the anti-obesity effect on the HFFD fed mice by alleviating inflammatory response and regulating gut microbiota, which further suggested that these two probiotics can be considered as an alternative dietary supplement in combination with the preventive and therapeutic strategies against obesity and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanglei Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bianfang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Pan LL, Niu W, Fang X, Liang W, Li H, Chen W, Zhang H, Bhatia M, Sun J. Clostridium butyricum Strains Suppress Experimental Acute Pancreatitis by Maintaining Intestinal Homeostasis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801419. [PMID: 31034143 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common abdominal inflammatory disease. Disturbed gut homeostasis secondary to pancreatic inflammation aggravates the condition retroactively. The current study investigates potential beneficial effects of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) strains on AP and underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS C. butyricum strains MIYAIRI 588 (CBM588) and CGMCC0313.1 (CB0313.1) were supplemented to mice for three weeks before experimental AP or SAP induction. Both CBM588 and CB0313.1 protected against AP, as evidenced by reduced serum amylase and lipase levels, pancreatic edema, and myeloperoxidase activity. Amelioration of both experimental AP and SAP by CB0313.1 indicated a non-model-specific effect. Moreover, C. butyricum inhibited pancreatic neutrophil and dendritic cell infiltration, nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome activation, and pro-inflammatory pathways. Additionally in the gut, C. butyricum strains attenuated AP-associated intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction, accompanied with reduced pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Enterococcus penetration into pancreas. Gut microbiome analyses further revealed that beneficial effects of C. butyricum on pancreatic-gut homeostasis were correlated with improved dysbiosis. In particular, relative abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae decreased, and Verrucomicrobiaceae Clostridiaceae and Lactobacillaceae increased. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, a protective effect of C. butyricum in AP by modulating intestinal homeostasis is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Long Pan
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wenying Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Inflammation Research Group, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
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43
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Liu L, Zeng D, Yang M, Wen B, Lai J, Zhou Y, Sun H, Xiong L, Wang J, Lin Y, Pan K, Jing B, Wang P, Ni X. Probiotic Clostridium butyricum Improves the Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Gut Microbiota of Weaning Rex Rabbits. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 11:1278-1292. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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44
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Long M, Yang S, Li P, Song X, Pan J, He J, Zhang Y, Wu R. Combined Use of C. butyricum Sx-01 and L. salivarius C-1-3 Improves Intestinal Health and Reduces the Amount of Lipids in Serum via Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070810. [PMID: 29937527 PMCID: PMC6073611 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate whether combined use of C. butyricum Sx-01 and L. salivarius C-1-3 could improve the intestinal health and reduce the lipid levels in sera of mice and whether these benefits were related to regulating the intestinal microflora. Eighty Kunming male mice were divided into four groups with five replicates per group and four mice per replicate. Mice in the control group were administrated with 0.2 mL normal saline; mice in three experimental groups were daily orally administrated with 4 × 108 cfu of L. salivarius, 4 × 108 cfu of C. butyricum, and a combination thereof (2 × 108 cfu of L. salivarius, and 2 × 108 cfu of C. butyricum), respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 days. The results showed that the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed/gain (F/G) ratio of growing mice underwent no significant changes (p > 0.05); however, the average daily gain (ADG) tended to increase over short periods of time. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum in the combination group were significantly increased (p < 0.05); The triglyceride, and total cholesterol, contents in serum in the combined treatment group were significantly decreased (p < 0.05); The total volatile fatty acids and butyric acid in faecal matter of mice in the experimental groups were all significantly increased at 14 days (p < 0.05); The length of villi, and the mucosal thickness of colon and caecum (p < 0.05) were significantly improved; The relative abundance of some bacteria with antioxidant capacity or decomposing cholesterol capacity or butyrate producing capacity was increased, while the relative abundance of some pathogenic bacteria was decreased in the colon. Furthermore, our results showed that the beneficial effects of the combined use of the two strains was higher than that of single use. Overall, the results demonstrated that the combined use of C. butyricum Sx-01 and L. salivarius C-1-3 can significantly improve intestinal health and reduce the amount of lipids in sera of mice. The reason for these effects might be that besides their own probiotic effects, combined use of the two strains could regulate the intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Shuhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jiawen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jianbin He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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45
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Cromer WE, Zawieja DC. Acute exposure to space flight results in evidence of reduced lymph Transport, tissue fluid Shifts, and immune alterations in the rat gastrointestinal system. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2018; 17:74-82. [PMID: 29753416 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Space flight causes a number of alterations in physiological systems, changes in the immunological status of subjects, and altered interactions of the host to environmental stimuli. We studied the effect of space flight on the lymphatic system of the gastrointestinal tract which is responsible for lipid transport and immune surveillance which includes the host interaction with the gut microbiome. We found that there were signs of tissue damage present in the space flown animals that was lacking in ground controls (epithelial damage, crypt morphological changes, etc.). Additionally, morphology of the lymphatic vessels in the tissue suggested a collapsed state at time of harvest and there was a profound change in the retention of lipid in the villi of the ileum. Contrary to our assumptions there was a reduction in tissue fluid volume likely associated with other fluid shifts described. The reduction of tissue fluid volume in the colon and ileum is a likely contributing factor to the state of the lymphatic vessels and lipid transport issues observed. There were also associated changes in the number of MHC-II+ immune cells in the colon tissue, which along with reduced lymphatic competence would favor immune dysfunction in the tissue. These findings help expand our understanding of the effects of space flight on various organ systems. It also points out potential issues that have not been closely examined and have to potential for the need of countermeasure development.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Cromer
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, United States.
| | - D C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, United States
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46
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Martín R, Chain F, Miquel S, Motta JP, Vergnolle N, Sokol H, Langella P. Using murine colitis models to analyze probiotics-host interactions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 41:S49-S70. [PMID: 28830096 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as 'live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host'. So, to consider a microorganism as a probiotic, a demonstrable beneficial effect on the health host should be shown as well as an adequate defined safety status and the capacity to survive transit through the gastrointestinal tract and to storage conditions. In this review, we present an overview of the murine colitis models currently employed to test the beneficial effect of the probiotic strains as well as an overview of the probiotics already tested. Our aim is to highlight both the importance of the adequate selection of the animal model to test the potential probiotic strains and of the value of the knowledge generated by these in vivo tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martín
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florian Chain
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Miquel
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), UMR CNRS 6023, Université Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Department of Biological Science, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, AB T3E 4N1, Canada.,IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Sorbonne University - Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75252 Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Equipe de Recherche Labélisée (ERL) 1157, Avenir Team Gut Microbiota and Immunity, 75012 Paris, France.,Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, UPMC, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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47
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Gentile D, Fornai M, Colucci R, Pellegrini C, Tirotta E, Benvenuti L, Segnani C, Ippolito C, Duranti E, Virdis A, Carpi S, Nieri P, Németh ZH, Pistelli L, Bernardini N, Blandizzi C, Antonioli L. The flavonoid compound apigenin prevents colonic inflammation and motor dysfunctions associated with high fat diet-induced obesity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195502. [PMID: 29641549 PMCID: PMC5895026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Apigenin can exert beneficial actions in the prevention of obesity. However, its putative action on obesity-associated bowel motor dysfunctions is unknown. This study examined the effects of apigenin on colonic inflammatory and motor abnormalities in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Experimental approach Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD). SD or HFD mice were treated with apigenin (10 mg/Kg/day). After 8 weeks, body and epididymal fat weight, as well as cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1β and IL-6 levels, and let-7f expression were also examined. Colonic infiltration by eosinophils, as well as substance P (SP) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions were evaluated. Motor responses elicited under blockade of NOS and tachykininergic contractions were recorded in vitro from colonic longitudinal muscle preparations. Key results When compared to SD mice, HFD animals displayed increased body weight, epididymal fat weight and metabolic indexes. HFD mice showed increments in colonic MDA, IL-1β and IL-6 levels, as well as a decrease in let-7f expression in both colonic and epididymal tissues. HFD mice displayed an increase in colonic eosinophil infiltration. Immunohistochemistry revealed an increase in SP and iNOS expression in myenteric ganglia of HFD mice. In preparations from HFD mice, electrically evoked contractions upon NOS blockade or mediated by tachykininergic stimulation were enhanced. In HFD mice, Apigenin counteracted the increase in body and epididymal fat weight, as well as the alterations of metabolic indexes. Apigenin reduced also MDA, IL-1β and IL-6 colonic levels as well as eosinophil infiltration, SP and iNOS expression, along with a normalization of electrically evoked tachykininergic and nitrergic contractions. In addition, apigenin normalized let-7f expression in epididymal fat tissues, but not in colonic specimens. Conclusions and implications Apigenin prevents systemic metabolic alterations, counteracts enteric inflammation and normalizes colonic dysmotility associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gentile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Erika Tirotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emiliano Duranti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Zoltán H. Németh
- Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Laura Pistelli
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Huang J, Wang X, Tao G, Song Y, Ho C, Zheng J, Ou S. Feruloylated oligosaccharides from maize bran alleviate the symptoms of diabetes in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:1779-1789. [PMID: 29508881 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01825h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the therapeutic effect of feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) extracted from maize bran on type 2 diabetic rats and its potential mechanism. Streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic male rats were orally administered with different levels of FOs for 8 weeks, and ferulic acid (FA) treatment was conducted as the positive control. Among all the treatments, the oral administration of 600 mg per kg bw per d FOs showed the best therapeutic effects on the diabetic rats by significantly lowering the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin, TG, LDL-c, aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in plasma, while increasing the level of plasma HDL-c. In addition, the intake of FOs at 600 mg per kg bw per d exhibited the best antioxidant effects in the plasma, liver, kidney and heart of the diabetic rats, and the highest inhibitory effects on the formation of AGEs and CML in the organs, which might explain the alleviating effects of FOs on abdominal aorta injury observed in the current study. FOs presented better regulation effects on FPG, plasma lipid and the protection of abdominal aorta than FA under the same administered dosage. Based on these outcomes, FOs from maize bran could be beneficial for prevention or early treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Huang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick 08901, USA
| | - Guanyu Tao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo 79106, USA
| | - Yuan Song
- Out-patient Department of University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chitang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick 08901, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
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49
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Ou J, Huang J, Zhao D, Du B, Wang M. Protective effect of rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid against streptozotocin-induced oxidation, glycation, inflammation and microbiota imbalance in diabetic rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:851-860. [PMID: 29372208 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the protective effects of two rosemary components, rosmarinic acid (RA) and carnosic acid (CA), against hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress and an imbalanced gut microbiota architecture in diabetic rats. Treatment with RA and CA (30 mg kg-1) decreased the levels of fasting plasma glucose (23.7%, 15.6%), total cholesterol (30.4%, 14.1%) and triglyceride (65.7%, 47.8%) at 15 weeks. RA and CA also exhibited an anti-oxidative and anti-glycative effect by lowering the formation of malondialdehyde and advanced glycation end products. In addition, they showed protective effects against tissue damage and inflammation in the abdominal aorta, based on microscopic observations and the analysis of protein expression. Finally, the prebiotic effects of RA and CA on gut microbiota were demonstrated by increasing the population of diabetes-resistant bacteria and decreasing the amounts of diabetes-sensitive bacteria. Overall, RA showed a stronger protective effect than CA in mitigating diabetic symptoms in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanying Ou
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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50
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McNabney SM, Henagan TM. Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon and Peripheral Tissues: A Focus on Butyrate, Colon Cancer, Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1348. [PMID: 29231905 PMCID: PMC5748798 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased dietary fiber consumption has been associated with many beneficial effects, including amelioration of obesity and insulin resistance. These effects may be due to the increased production of short chain fatty acids, including propionate, acetate and butyrate, during fermentation of the dietary fiber in the colon. Indeed, oral and dietary supplementation of butyrate alone has been shown to prevent high fat-diet induced obesity and insulin resistance. This review focuses on sources of short chain fatty acids, with emphasis on sources of butyrate, mechanisms of fiber and butyrate metabolism in the gut and its protective effects on colon cancer and the peripheral effects of butyrate supplementation in peripheral tissues in the prevention and reversal of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M McNabney
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Tara M Henagan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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