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Marques-Carvalho A, Silva B, Pereira FB, Kim HN, Almeida M, Sardão VA. Oestradiol and osteoclast differentiation: Effects on p53 and mitochondrial metabolism. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14195. [PMID: 38519718 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oestrogen deficiency increases bone resorption, contributing to osteoporosis development. Yet, the mechanisms mediating the effects of oestrogen on osteoclasts remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the early metabolic alteration induced by RANKL, the essential cytokine in osteoclastogenesis and 17-beta-oestradiol (E2) on osteoclast progenitor cells, using RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages as biological models. RESULTS This research demonstrated that, in osteoclast precursors, RANKL stimulates complex I activity, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondria-derived ATP production as early as 3 h of exposure. This effect on mitochondrial bioenergetics is associated with an increased capacity to oxidize TCA cycle substrates, fatty acids and amino acids. E2 inhibited all effects of RANKL on mitochondria metabolism. In the presence of RANKL, E2 also decreased cell number and stimulated the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway, detected as early as 3 h. Further, the pro-apoptotic effects of E2 during osteoclast differentiation were associated with an accumulation of p392S-p53 in mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS These findings elucidate the early effects of RANKL on osteoclast progenitor metabolism and suggest novel p53-mediated mechanisms that contribute to postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Marques-Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva
- Centre for Informatics and Systems, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco B Pereira
- Centre for Informatics and Systems, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ha-Neui Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Aging (MIA-Portugal), University of Coimbra, Portugal
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2
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Fuller J, Lefferts KS, Shah P, Cottrell JA. Methodology and Characterization of a 3D Bone Organoid Model Derived from Murine Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4225. [PMID: 38673812 PMCID: PMC11050018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we report on the development of a cost-effective, well-characterized three-dimensional (3D) model of bone homeostasis derived from commonly available stocks of immortalized murine cell lines and laboratory reagents. This 3D murine-cell-derived bone organoid model (3D-mcBOM) is adaptable to a range of contexts and can be used in conjunction with surrogates of osteoblast and osteoclast function to study cellular and molecular mechanisms that affect bone homeostasis in vitro or to augment in vivo models of physiology or disease. The 3D-mcBOM was established using a pre-osteoblast murine cell line, which was seeded into a hydrogel extracellular matrix (ECM) and differentiated into functional osteoblasts (OBs). The OBs mineralized the hydrogel ECM, leading to the deposition and consolidation of hydroxyapatite into bone-like organoids. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that the mineralized matrix formed in the 3D-mcBOM was bone. The histological staining of 3D-mcBOM samples indicated a consistent rate of ECM mineralization. Type I collagen C-telopeptide (CTX1) analysis was used to evaluate the dynamics of OC differentiation and activity. Reliable 3D models of bone formation and homeostasis align with current ethical trends to reduce the use of animal models. This functional model of bone homeostasis provides a cost-effective model system using immortalized cell lines and easily procured supplemental compounds, which can be assessed by measuring surrogates of OB and OC function to study the effects of various stimuli in future experimental evaluations of bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jessica A. Cottrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA; (J.F.); (K.S.L.); (P.S.)
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3
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Ortmann W, Such A, Kolaczkowska E. Impact of microparticles released during murine systemic inflammation on macrophage activity and reactive nitrogen species regulation. Immunol Res 2024; 72:299-319. [PMID: 38008825 PMCID: PMC11031483 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) packaged with numerous bioactive molecules are essential vehicles in cellular communication in various pathological conditions, including systemic inflammation, Whereas MPs are studied mostly upon isolation, their detection in vivo is limited. Impact of MPs might depend on target cell type and cargo they carry; thus herein, we aimed at verifying MPs' impact on macrophages. Unlike neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages are rather inactive during sepsis, and we hypothesized this might be at least partially controlled by MPs. For the above reasons, we focused on the detection of MPs with intravital microscopy (IVM) and report the presence of putative neutrophil-derived MPs in the vasculature of cremaster muscle of endotoxemic mice. Subsequently, we characterized MPs isolated not only from their blood but also from the peritoneal cavity and observed differences in their size, concentration, and cargo. Such MPs were then used to study their impact on RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line performance (cell viability/activity, cytokines, oxygen, and nitrogen reactive species). Addition of MPs to macrophages with or without co-stimulation with lipopolysaccharide did not affect respiratory burst, somewhat decreased mitochondrial activity but increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and NO production especially in case of plasma-derived MPs. The latter MPs carried more iNOS-controlling ceruloplasmin than those discharged into the peritoneal cavity. We conclude that MPs can be detected in vivo with IVM and their cellular origin identified. They are heterogeneous in nature depending on the site of their release. Consequently, microparticles released during systemic inflammation to various body compartments differentially affect macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Ortmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Such
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kolaczkowska
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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4
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Paudel KR, Clarence DD, Panth N, Manandhar B, De Rubis G, Devkota HP, Gupta G, Zacconi FC, Williams KA, Pont LG, Singh SK, Warkiani ME, Adams J, MacLoughlin R, Oliver BG, Chellappan DK, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Zerumbone liquid crystalline nanoparticles protect against oxidative stress, inflammation and senescence induced by cigarette smoke extract in vitro. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2465-2483. [PMID: 37851060 PMCID: PMC10933165 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of zerumbone-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles (ZER-LCNs) in the protection of broncho-epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages against oxidative stress, inflammation and senescence induced by cigarette smoke extract in vitro. The effect of the treatment of ZER-LCNs on in vitro cell models of cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated mouse RAW264.7 and human BCi-NS1.1 basal epithelial cell lines was evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-senescence activities using colorimetric and fluorescence-based assays, fluorescence imaging, RT-qPCR and proteome profiler kit. The ZER-LCNs successfully reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory markers including Il-6, Il-1β and Tnf-α, as well as the production of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, ZER-LCNs successfully inhibited oxidative stress through reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and regulation of genes, namely GPX2 and GCLC in BCi-NS1.1 cells. Anti-senescence activity of ZER-LCNs was also observed in BCi-NS1.1 cells, with significant reductions in the expression of SIRT1, CDKN1A and CDKN2A. This study demonstrates strong in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anti-senescence activities of ZER-LCNs paving the path for this formulation to be translated into a promising therapeutic agent for chronic respiratory inflammatory conditions including COPD and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dvya Delilaa Clarence
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University (IMU), 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nisha Panth
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Flavia C Zacconi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Macul, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kylie A Williams
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Lisa G Pont
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi GT Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jon Adams
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Aerogen, IDA Business Park, Dangan, Galway, H91 HE94, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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5
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Piatnitskaia S, Rafikova G, Bilyalov A, Chugunov S, Akhatov I, Pavlov V, Kzhyshkowska J. Modelling of macrophage responses to biomaterials in vitro: state-of-the-art and the need for the improvement. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349461. [PMID: 38596667 PMCID: PMC11002093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of medical implants in various areas of medicine, particularly in orthopedic surgery, oncology, cardiology and dentistry, displayed the limitations in long-term integration of available biomaterials. The effective functioning and successful integration of implants requires not only technical excellence of materials but also consideration of the dynamics of biomaterial interaction with the immune system throughout the entire duration of implant use. The acute as well as long-term decisions about the efficiency of implant integration are done by local resident tissue macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages that start to be recruited during tissue damage, when implant is installed, and are continuously recruited during the healing phase. Our review summarized the knowledge about the currently used macrophages-based in vitro cells system that include murine and human cells lines and primary ex vivo differentiated macrophages. We provided the information about most frequently examined biomarkers for acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, foreign body response and fibrosis, indicating the benefits and limitations of the model systems. Particular attention is given to the scavenging function of macrophages that controls dynamic composition of peri-implant microenvironment and ensures timely clearance of microorganisms, cytokines, metabolites, extracellular matrix components, dying cells as well as implant debris. We outline the perspective for the application of 3D systems for modelling implant interaction with the immune system in human tissue-specific microenvironment avoiding animal experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Piatnitskaia
- Cell Technology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Guzel Rafikova
- Additive Technology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Azat Bilyalov
- Additive Technology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Svyatoslav Chugunov
- Additive Technology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Iskander Akhatov
- Laboratory of Mathematical modeling, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Urology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunosciences (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
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6
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Konishi H, Haga Y, Okumura M, Tsujino H, Higashisaka K, Tsutsumi Y. Coculture with macrophages alters ferroptosis susceptibility of triple-negative cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:108. [PMID: 38429255 PMCID: PMC10907599 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Various treatment options, such as molecular targeted drugs and immune checkpoint blockades, are available for patients with cancer. However, some cancer types are refractory to molecular targeted therapies or acquire drug resistance after long-term treatment. Thus, ferroptosis, a newly defined type of programmed cell death caused by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxidation, has gained attention as a novel cancer treatment strategy. Understanding cell-cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment is important for the clinical application of ferroptosis inducers. However, the effects of cell-cell interactions on ferroptosis sensitivity remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of macrophage-cancer cell interactions on ferroptosis induction. Coculture experiments showed that conditioned medium prepared from macrophages did not alter the ferroptosis sensitivity of cancer cells. By contrast, coculture via transwell, which enables cell-cell interactions through secretion, increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to ferroptosis inducers. Additionally, direct coculture increased the susceptibility of cancer cells to RSL3-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, coculture with macrophages upregulated the levels of intracellular ferrous ions and lipid peroxidation in cancer cells. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which cell-cell interactions influence ferroptosis induction and application of ferroptosis inducers as a cancer treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Konishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Haga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Moe Okumura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tsujino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Museum Links, Osaka University, 1-13 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuma Higashisaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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7
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Wheeler AE, Stoeger V, Owens RM. Lab-on-chip technologies for exploring the gut-immune axis in metabolic disease. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1266-1292. [PMID: 38226866 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00877k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The continued rise in metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus poses a global health burden, necessitating further research into factors implicated in the onset and progression of these diseases. Recently, the gut-immune axis, with diet as a main regulator, has been identified as a possible role player in their development. Translation of conventional 2D in vitro and animal models is however limited, while human studies are expensive and preclude individual mechanisms from being investigated. Lab-on-chip technology therefore offers an attractive new avenue to study gut-immune interactions. This review provides an overview of the influence of diet on gut-immune interactions in metabolic diseases and a critical analysis of the current state of lab-on-chip technology to study this axis. While there has been progress in the development of "immuno-competent" intestinal lab-on-chip models, with studies showing the ability of the technology to provide mechanical cues, support longer-term co-culture of microbiota and maintain in vivo-like oxygen gradients, platforms which combine all three and include intestinal and immune cells are still lacking. Further, immune cell types and inclusion of microenvironment conditions which enable in vivo-like immune cell dynamics as well as host-microbiome interactions are limited. Future model development should focus on combining these conditions to create an environment capable of hosting more complex microbiota and immune cells to allow further study into the effects of diet and related metabolites on the gut-immune ecosystem and their role in the prevention and development of metabolic diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Wheeler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Verena Stoeger
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, UK.
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8
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Steinbauer S, König A, Neuhauser C, Schwarzinger B, Stangl H, Iken M, Weghuber J, Röhrl C. Elder (Sambucus nigra), identified by high-content screening, counteracts foam cell formation without promoting hepatic lipogenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3547. [PMID: 38347122 PMCID: PMC10861454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol deposition in intimal macrophages leads to foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), initiated by efflux of excess cholesterol from foam cells, counteracts atherosclerosis. However, targeting RCT by enhancing cholesterol efflux was so far accompanied by adverse hepatic lipogenesis. Here, we aimed to identify novel natural enhancers of macrophage cholesterol efflux suitable for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Plant extracts of an open-access library were screened for their capacity to increase cholesterol efflux in RAW264.7 macrophages trace-labeled with fluorescent BODIPY-cholesterol. Incremental functional validation of hits yielded two final extracts, elder (Sambucus nigra) and bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) that induced ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression and reduced cholesteryl ester accumulation in aggregated LDL-induced foam cells. Aqueous elder extracts were subsequently prepared in-house and both, flower and leaf extracts increased ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression in human THP-1 macrophages, while lipogenic gene expression in hepatocyte-derived cells was not induced. Chlorogenic acid isomers and the quercetin glycoside rutin were identified as the main polyphenols in elder extracts with putative biological action. In summary, elder flower and leaf extracts increase macrophage ABCA1 expression and reduce foam cell formation without adversely affecting hepatic lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Steinbauer
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, 4600, Wels, Austria
| | - Alice König
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, 4600, Wels, Austria
- Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Wels, Austria
| | - Cathrina Neuhauser
- Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Wels, Austria
| | - Bettina Schwarzinger
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, 4600, Wels, Austria
- Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Wels, Austria
| | - Herbert Stangl
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Julian Weghuber
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, 4600, Wels, Austria.
- Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Wels, Austria.
| | - Clemens Röhrl
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, 4600, Wels, Austria.
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9
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Miron RJ, Bohner M, Zhang Y, Bosshardt DD. Osteoinduction and osteoimmunology: Emerging concepts. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:9-26. [PMID: 37658591 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The recognition and importance of immune cells during bone regeneration, including around bone biomaterials, has led to the development of an entire field termed "osteoimmunology," which focuses on the connection and interplay between the skeletal system and immune cells. Most studies have focused on the "osteogenic" capacity of various types of bone biomaterials, and much less focus has been placed on immune cells despite being the first cell type in contact with implantable devices. Thus, the amount of literature generated to date on this topic makes it challenging to extract needed information. This review article serves as a guide highlighting advancements made in the field of osteoimmunology emphasizing the role of the osteoimmunomodulatory properties of biomaterials and their impact on osteoinduction. First, the various immune cell types involved in bone biomaterial integration are discussed, including the prominent role of osteal macrophages (OsteoMacs) during bone regeneration. Thereafter, key biomaterial properties, including topography, wettability, surface charge, and adsorption of cytokines, growth factors, ions, and other bioactive molecules, are discussed in terms of their impact on immune responses. These findings highlight and recognize the importance of the immune system and osteoimmunology, leading to a shift in the traditional models used to understand and evaluate biomaterials for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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10
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von Ancken AC, de Medeiros NSS, Perdomo SK, Cruz MC, Alvares-Saraiva AM, Perez EC, Silva RAD, Eizayaga FX, Bonamin LV. Aspirin 15cH has Different Effects on Morphology and Function of Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged RAW 264.7 Macrophages In Vitro Compared to a Pharmacological Dose of Aspirin. HOMEOPATHY 2024; 113:4-15. [PMID: 37517405 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1769105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aspirin is one of the most commonly used drugs worldwide. It is known to present antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic actions, making it extremely useful in a wide range of clinical contexts. Interestingly, homeopathically prepared Aspirin 15cH has been found to have a pro-thrombotic effect in rats, raising the hypothesis that Aspirin 15cH could also modulate the activity of inflammatory cells in different pathological processes. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess what effect Aspirin 15cH has on RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro. METHODS The effects of Aspirin 15cH on biochemical and morphological activities of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were evaluated. These effects were compared with unchallenged macrophages (negative control), untreated LPS-stimulated macrophages, macrophages treated with succussed water (vehicle control), or aspirin 200 µg/mL (pharmacological inhibitor of LPS activity). Cell morphology (adhered cell area and cytoskeleton arrangements), cell viability, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) expression, and the production of nitric oxide, cytokines and intracellular reactive oxygen species were assessed. RESULTS Aspirin 15cH reduced the number of cells expressing TLR-4 on the surface (p = 0.03) and induced a "columnar" morphology of macrophage pseudopods, indicating changes in cytoskeleton arrangement. When cells were treated with both Aspirin 15cH and LPS, cell morphology became heterogeneous, suggesting that sub-populations of cells had differing sensitivities to LPS or Aspirin 15cH. Exposure of the cells to LPS alone, succussed water or aspirin 200 µg/mL produced effects consistent with the literature. CONCLUSION Aspirin 15cH, aspirin 200 µg/mL, LPS and succussed water appear to act as independent stimuli able to induce different patterns of macrophage response. Aspirin 15cH induced changes suggestive of M2 polarization of the macrophages (i.e., toward a wound healing or tissue repair, rather than inflammatory, phenotype). These preliminary findings need to be confirmed in further specific studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto C von Ancken
- Research Center, Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista-UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Cruzeiro do sul, São Paulo, Brazil
- High Dilution Science, São Caetano do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Salles S de Medeiros
- Research Center, Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista-UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Kalil Perdomo
- Research Center, Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista-UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Costa Cruz
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Anuska M Alvares-Saraiva
- Research Center, Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista-UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth C Perez
- Research Center, Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista-UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Augusto da Silva
- Research Center, Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista-UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leoni Villano Bonamin
- Research Center, Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Paulista-UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Mezher N, Mroweh O, Karam L, Ibrahim JN, Kobeissy PH. Experimental models in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF): Insights into pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies. Exp Mol Pathol 2024; 135:104883. [PMID: 38266955 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2024.104883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a recurrent polyserositis characterized by self-limiting episodes or attacks of fever along with serosal inflammation. It mainly impacts people of the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern basin. FMF is a recessive autoinflammatory condition caused by mutation in the MEFV gene located on chromosome 16p13. MEFV mutations lead to the activation of the pyrin inflammasome resulting in an uncontrolled release of IL-1β. Various in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo experimental models have been developed to further comprehend the etiology and pathogenesis of FMF. These models have been proven to be clinically relevant to human FMF and can provide significant information about biological systems with respect to this condition. Additionally, these models have provided pertinent contributions to the development of potent therapeutic strategies against FMF. In this review, we describe the different experimental models utilized in FMF and we focus primarily on the most widely used models that have produced prominent insights into the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Mezher
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ola Mroweh
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Louna Karam
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - José-Noel Ibrahim
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Philippe Hussein Kobeissy
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon.
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12
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Mulder EJ, Moser B, Delgado J, Steinhardt RC, Esser-Kahn AP. Evidence of collective influence in innate sensing using fluidic force microscopy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1340384. [PMID: 38322261 PMCID: PMC10844469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system initiates early response to infection by sensing molecular patterns of infection through pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Previous work on PRR stimulation of macrophages revealed significant heterogeneity in single cell responses, suggesting the importance of individual macrophage stimulation. Current methods either isolate individual macrophages or stimulate a whole culture and measure individual readouts. We probed single cell NF-κB responses to localized stimuli within a naïve culture with Fluidic Force Microscopy (FluidFM). Individual cells stimulated in naïve culture were more sensitive compared to individual cells in uniformly stimulated cultures. In cluster stimulation, NF-κB activation decreased with increased cell density or decreased stimulation time. Our results support the growing body of evidence for cell-to-cell communication in macrophage activation, and limit potential mechanisms. Such a mechanism might be manipulated to tune macrophage sensitivity, and the density-dependent modulation of sensitivity to PRR signals could have relevance to biological situations where macrophage density increases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Esser-Kahn Lab, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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13
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Wang Z, Li F, Aga EB, Liang X, He C, Yin L, Xu F, Li H, Tang H, Lv C. 'Pterocephalodes hookeri-Onosma hookeri' decoction protects against LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation via inhibiting TLR4/ NF-κB signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116918. [PMID: 37453619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As the second-largest traditional medical system in China, Tibetan medicine has a long history and abundant resources. To promote the development of the Tibetan medicine industry, it is essential to study the pharmacological activities of Tibetan medicine based on its traditional usage methods. AIM OF THE STUDY Pneumonia has been a worldwide health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic. Given the unique advantages of traditional Tibetan medicine in treating pulmonary diseases, further research is warranted to develop potential anti-pneumonia drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our study, the potential combined decoction from traditional Tibetan medicine was determined by the data mining method. The antioxidant activity in vitro, anti-inflammatory effects on the macrophage cell model, as well as the anti-pulmonary inflammation effects on the LPS-induced mice model, have been explored to investigate the potential anti-pneumonia role of the decoction. Additionally, we conducted network pharmacology analysis to identify the potential targets against pneumonia, which were further confirmed by western blot assays. RESULTS Following the combination therapy of Pterocephalodes hookeri (C.B.Clarke) V.Mayer & Ehrend. and Onosma hookeri var. longiflora (Duthie) A.V.Duthie ex Stapf ('P-O'), the clearance of DPPH radical and the total reducing power were all improved, as well as alleviated the toxicity. On the in vitro level, 'P-O' pre-treatment reduced the secretion of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, while promoting the concentration of IL-10. Meanwhile, on the in vivo level, the 'P-O' pre-treating also could alleviate LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation by reducing the pulmonary edema and leakage of the lung microvascular, improving the pathological change of lung tissue and regulating the cytokines content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Furthermore, network pharmacology analysis revealed that the mechanism of 'P-O' in treating pneumonia in a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway network, with the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway playing a crucial role, as demonstrated by the western blot assay results. CONCLUSION In summary, the combination therapy of 'P-O' exhibited good antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, as well as a therapeutic effect against pulmonary inflammation in vivo. These findings provide evidence for the clinical application of 'P-O' and offer new approaches for treating pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Fanglong Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Er-Bu Aga
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lasa, 850000, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Funeng Xu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Haohuan Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Rath S, Jema JP, Kesavan K, Mallick S, Pradhan J, Chainy GBN, Nayak D, Kaushik S, Dandapat J. Arsenic album 30C exhibits crystalline nano structure of arsenic trioxide and modulates innate immune markers in murine macrophage cell lines. Sci Rep 2024; 14:745. [PMID: 38185726 PMCID: PMC10772077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51319-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are associated with innate immune response and M1-polarized macrophages exhibit pro-inflammatory functions. Nanoparticles of natural or synthetic compounds are potential triggers of innate immunity. As2O3 is the major component of the homeopathic drug, Arsenic album 30C.This has been claimed to have immune-boosting activities, however, has not been validated experimentally. Here we elucidated the underlying mechanism of Ars. alb 30C-mediated immune priming in murine macrophage cell line. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) used for the structural analysis of the drug reveals the presence of crystalline As2O3 nanoparticles of cubic structure. Similarly, signatures of M1-macrophage polarization were observed by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in RAW 264.7 cells with concomitant over expression of M1 cell surface marker, CD80 and transcription factor, NF-κB, respectively. We also observed a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines like iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2 expression with unaltered ROS and apoptosis in drug-treated cells. Enhanced expression of Toll-like receptors 3 and 7 were observed both in transcriptional and translational levels after the drug treatment. In sum, our findings for the first time indicated the presence of crystalline As2O3 cubic nanostructure in Ars. alb 30C which facilitates modulation of innate immunity by activating macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvasmita Rath
- Centre of Environment, Climate Change and Public Health, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jyoti Prava Jema
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kamali Kesavan
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sagar Mallick
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jyotsnarani Pradhan
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Debadatta Nayak
- Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhash Kaushik
- Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagneshwar Dandapat
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
- Centre of Excellence in Integrated Omics and Computational Biology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India.
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15
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Chuu J, Lu J, Chang H, Chu Y, Peng Y, Ho Y, Shen P, Cheng Y, Cheng C, Liu Y, Wang C. Attenuative effects of collagen peptide from milkfish ( Chanos chanos) scales on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:116-130. [PMID: 38268910 PMCID: PMC10804110 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass, bone microarchitecture disruption, and collagen loss, leading to increased fracture risk. In the current study, collagen peptides were extracted from milkfish scales (MS) to develop potential therapeutic candidates for osteoporosis. MS was used to synthesize a crude extract of fish scales (FS), collagen liquid (COL), and hydroxyapatite powder (HA). COL samples were further categorized according to the peptide size of total COL (0.1 mg/mL), COL < 1 kDa (0.1 mg/mL), COL: 1-10 kDa (0.1 mg/mL), and COL > 10 kDa (0.1 mg/mL) to determine it. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (sqRT-PCR) and immunofluorescence labeling were used to assess the expression levels of specific mRNA and proteins in vitro. For in vivo studies, mice ovariectomy (OVX)-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis were developed, while the sham surgery (Sham) group was treated as a control. Collagen peptides (CP) from MS inhibited osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells following an insult with nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). CP also enhanced osteoblast proliferation in MG-63 cells, possibly through downregulating NFATc1 and TRAP mRNA expression and upregulating ALP and OPG mRNA levels. Furthermore, COL1 kDa also inhibited bone density loss in osteoporotic mice. Taken together, CP may reduce RANKL-induced osteoclast activity while promoting osteoblast synthesis, and therefore may act as a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and control of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn‐Jye Chuu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food TechnologyCollege of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of ScienceTainanTaiwan
| | - Jeng‐Wei Lu
- Biotech Research and Innovation CentreUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- The Finsen LaboratoryRigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Hung‐Ju Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food TechnologyCollege of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of ScienceTainanTaiwan
| | - You‐Hsiang Chu
- Department of PathologyTri‐Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Jen Peng
- Department of PathologyTri‐Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Jung Ho
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Hung Shen
- Department of OrthopedicsTri‐Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Shuan Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Food TechnologyCollege of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of ScienceTainanTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Hui Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Food TechnologyCollege of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of ScienceTainanTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Chien Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food TechnologyCollege of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of ScienceTainanTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Chien Wang
- Department of OrthopedicsTri‐Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
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16
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Gatti DM, Tyler AL, Mahoney JM, Churchill GA, Yener B, Koyuncu D, Gurcan MN, Niazi M, Tavolara T, Gower AC, Dayao D, McGlone E, Ginese ML, Specht A, Alsharaydeh A, Tessier PA, Kurtz SL, Elkins K, Kramnik I, Beamer G. Systems genetics uncover new loci containing functional gene candidates in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.572738. [PMID: 38187647 PMCID: PMC10769337 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacillus that causes tuberculosis (TB), infects 2 billion people across the globe, and results in 8-9 million new TB cases and 1-1.5 million deaths each year. Most patients have no known genetic basis that predisposes them to disease. We investigated the complex genetic basis of pulmonary TB by modelling human genetic diversity with the Diversity Outbred mouse population. When infected with M. tuberculosis, one-third develop early onset, rapidly progressive, necrotizing granulomas and succumb within 60 days. The remaining develop non-necrotizing granulomas and survive longer than 60 days. Genetic mapping using clinical indicators of disease, granuloma histopathological features, and immune response traits identified five new loci on mouse chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 16 and three previously identified loci on chromosomes 3 and 17. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 1, 16, and 17, associated with multiple correlated traits and had similar patterns of allele effects, suggesting these QTLs contain important genetic regulators of responses to M. tuberculosis. To narrow the list of candidate genes in QTLs, we used a machine learning strategy that integrated gene expression signatures from lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice with gene interaction networks, generating functional scores. The scores were then used to rank candidates for each mapped trait in each locus, resulting in 11 candidates: Ncf2, Fam20b, S100a8, S100a9, Itgb5, Fstl1, Zbtb20, Ddr1, Ier3, Vegfa, and Zfp318. Importantly, all 11 candidates have roles in infection, inflammation, cell migration, extracellular matrix remodeling, or intracellular signaling. Further, all candidates contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and some but not all SNPs were predicted to have deleterious consequences on protein functions. Multiple methods were used for validation including (i) a statistical method that showed Diversity Outbred mice carrying PWH/PhJ alleles on chromosome 17 QTL have shorter survival; (ii) quantification of S100A8 protein levels, confirming predicted allele effects; and (iii) infection of C57BL/6 mice deficient for the S100a8 gene. Overall, this work demonstrates that systems genetics using Diversity Outbred mice can identify new (and known) QTLs and new functionally relevant gene candidates that may be major regulators of granuloma necrosis and acute inflammation in pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Gatti
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - A L Tyler
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | | | | | - B Yener
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - D Koyuncu
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - M N Gurcan
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Mkk Niazi
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - T Tavolara
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - A C Gower
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - D Dayao
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - E McGlone
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - M L Ginese
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - A Specht
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - A Alsharaydeh
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - P A Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laval University School of Medicine, Quebec, Canada
| | - S L Kurtz
- Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - K Elkins
- Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - I Kramnik
- NIEDL, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - G Beamer
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
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17
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Fioretti D, Ledda M, Iurescia S, Carletti R, Di Gioia C, Lolli MG, Marchese R, Lisi A, Rinaldi M. Severely Damaged Freeze-Injured Skeletal Muscle Reveals Functional Impairment, Inadequate Repair, and Opportunity for Human Stem Cell Application. Biomedicines 2023; 12:30. [PMID: 38275391 PMCID: PMC10813063 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regeneration of severe traumatic muscle injuries is an unsolved medical need that is relevant for civilian and military medicine. In this work, we produced a critically sized nonhealing muscle defect in a mouse model to investigate muscle degeneration/healing phases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We caused a freeze injury (FI) in the biceps femoris of C57BL/6N mice. From day 1 to day 25 post-injury, we conducted histological/morphometric examinations, an analysis of the expression of genes involved in inflammation/regeneration, and an in vivo functional evaluation. RESULTS We found that FI activates cytosolic DNA sensing and inflammatory responses. Persistent macrophage infiltration, the prolonged expression of eMHC, the presence of centrally nucleated myofibers, and the presence of PAX7+ satellite cells at late time points and with chronic physical impairment indicated inadequate repair. By looking at stem-cell-based therapeutic protocols of muscle repair, we investigated the crosstalk between M1-biased macrophages and human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) in vitro. We demonstrated their reciprocal paracrine effects where hAMSCs induced a shift of M1 macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and M1 macrophages promoted an increase in the expression of hAMSC immunomodulatory factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the rationale for the future use of our injury model to exploit the full potential of in vivo hAMSC transplantation following severe traumatic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fioretti
- Department Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Area di Ricerca Roma2 Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (S.I.); (M.G.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Mario Ledda
- Department Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Area di Ricerca Roma2 Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (S.I.); (M.G.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Sandra Iurescia
- Department Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Area di Ricerca Roma2 Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (S.I.); (M.G.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cira Di Gioia
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Lolli
- Department Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Area di Ricerca Roma2 Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (S.I.); (M.G.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Rodolfo Marchese
- Department of Clinical Pathology, FBF S. Peter Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonella Lisi
- Department Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Area di Ricerca Roma2 Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (S.I.); (M.G.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Monica Rinaldi
- Department Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Area di Ricerca Roma2 Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (S.I.); (M.G.L.); (A.L.)
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Hafner A, Meurs N, Garner A, Azar E, Passalacqua KD, Nagrath D, Wobus CE. Norovirus NS1/2 protein increases glutaminolysis for efficient viral replication. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.19.572316. [PMID: 38187600 PMCID: PMC10769279 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.572316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that rely on host cell metabolism for successful replication. Thus, viruses rewire host cell pathways involved in central carbon metabolism to increase the availability of building blocks for replication. However, the underlying mechanisms of virus-induced alterations to host metabolism are largely unknown. Noroviruses (NoVs) are highly prevalent pathogens that cause sporadic and epidemic viral gastroenteritis. In the present study, we uncovered several strain-specific and shared host cell metabolic requirements of three murine norovirus (MNV) strains, the acute MNV-1 strain and the persistent CR3 and CR6 strains. While all three strains required glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathway for optimal infection of macrophages, only MNV-1 relied on host oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, the first metabolic flux analysis of NoV-infected cells revealed that both glycolysis and glutaminolysis are upregulated during MNV-1 infection of macrophages. Glutamine deprivation affected the MNV lifecycle at the stage of genome replication, resulting in decreased non-structural and structural protein synthesis, viral assembly, and egress. Mechanistic studies further showed that MNV infection and overexpression of the MNV non-structural protein NS1/2 increased the enzymatic activity of the rate-limiting enzyme glutaminase. In conclusion, the inaugural investigation of NoV-induced alterations to host glutaminolysis identified the first viral regulator of glutaminolysis for RNA viruses, which increases our fundamental understanding of virus-induced metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hafner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Noah Meurs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ari Garner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elaine Azar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Deepak Nagrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christiane E Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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19
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Subramaniam NK, Gagnon N, Makhani K, Kukolj N, Mouradian MH, Giles BH, Srikannan H, Fruh V, Meliker J, Wellenius GA, Mann KK. In vitro and in vivo approaches to assess atherosclerosis following exposure to low-dose mixtures of arsenic and cadmium. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 481:116763. [PMID: 37980961 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, millions of people are co-exposed to arsenic and cadmium. Environmental exposure to both metals is linked with a higher risk of atherosclerosis. While studies have characterized the pro-atherosclerotic effects of arsenic and cadmium as single agents, little is known about the potential effects of metal mixtures, particularly at low doses. Here, we used a combination of in vitro and in vivo models to assess the effects of low-dose metals individually and as mixtures on early events and plaque development associated with atherosclerosis. In vitro, we investigated early pro-atherogenic changes in macrophages and endothelial cells with metal treatments. The combined cytotoxic effects of both metals at low concentrations were dose interactive, specifically, synergistic in macrophages, but antagonistic in endothelial cells. Despite this differential behavior across cell types, the mixtures did not initiate early pro-atherogenic events: neither reactive oxygen species generation in macrophages nor adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells. In vivo, we utilized the well-characterized hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E knock-out (ApoE-/-) mouse model. Previously, we have shown that low concentrations of arsenic (down to 10 ppb) enhance atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. This model has also been used with cadmium to demonstrate pro-atherogenic effects, although at concentrations above human-relevant exposures. In both sexes, there are some small increases in atherosclerotic lesion size, but very few changes in plaque constituents in the ApoE-/- mouse model. Together, these results suggests that low-dose metal mixtures are not significantly more pro-atherogenic than either metal alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivetha K Subramaniam
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Natascha Gagnon
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Kiran Makhani
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Nikola Kukolj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Michael H Mouradian
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Braeden H Giles
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Harinee Srikannan
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Victoria Fruh
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jaymie Meliker
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Center for Climate and Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Koren K Mann
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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20
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Morimoto M, Till NA, Bertozzi CR. Tumor Immune Cell Targeting Chimeras (TICTACs) For Targeted Depletion of Macrophage-Associated Checkpoint Receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.06.570444. [PMID: 38106036 PMCID: PMC10723462 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.570444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment are not only powerful regulators of immunosuppression and tumorigenesis, but also represent a dominant cell type, with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) comprising up to 50% of total cell mass in solid tumors. Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) derive their efficacy from this cancer-immune cell interface, however, immune-related adverse events resulting from systemic blockade remain a significant challenge. To address this need for potent, yet highly tumor-specific immunotherapies, we developed Tumor-Immune Cell Targeting Chimeras (TICTACs), antibody conjugates that are capable of selectively depleting immune checkpoint receptors such as SIRPa from the surface of TAMs. These chimeric molecules consist of a synthetic glycan ligand that binds the C-type lectin CD206, a well-established TAM marker, conjugated to a non-blocking antibody that binds but does not inhibit the checkpoint receptor. By engaging CD206, which constitutively recycles between the plasma membrane and early endosomes, TICTACs facilitate robust removal of the checkpoint receptors from the surface of CD206high macrophages, while having no effect on CD206low macrophages. By decoupling antibody selectivity from its blocking function, we present a new paradigm for developing highly tumor-specific immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Till
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
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21
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Reus P, Guthmann H, Uhlig N, Agbaria M, Issmail L, Eberlein V, Nordling-David MM, Jbara-Agbaria D, Ciesek S, Bojkova D, Cinatl J, Burger-Kentischer A, Rupp S, Zaliani A, Grunwald T, Gribbon P, Kannt A, Golomb G. Drug repurposing for the treatment of COVID-19: Targeting nafamostat to the lungs by a liposomal delivery system. J Control Release 2023; 364:654-671. [PMID: 37939853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous global efforts since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, still only a limited number of prophylactic and therapeutic options are available. Although vaccination is the most effective measure in preventing morbidity and mortality, there is a need for safe and effective post-infection treatment medication. In this study, we explored a pipeline of 21 potential candidates, examined in the Calu-3 cell line for their antiviral efficacy, for drug repurposing. Ralimetinib and nafamostat, clinically used drugs, have emerged as attractive candidates. Due to the inherent limitations of the selected drugs, we formulated targeted liposomes suitable for both systemic and intranasal administration. Non-targeted and targeted nafamostat liposomes (LipNaf) decorated with an Apolipoprotein B peptide (ApoB-P) as a specific lung-targeting ligand were successfully developed. The developed liposomal formulations of nafamostat were found to possess favorable physicochemical properties including nano size (119-147 nm), long-term stability of the normally rapidly degrading compound in aqueous solution, negligible leakage from the liposomes upon storage, and a neutral surface charge with low polydispersity index (PDI). Both nafamostat and ralimetinib liposomes showed good cellular uptake and lack of cytotoxicity, and non-targeted LipNaf demonstrated enhanced accumulation in the lungs following intranasal (IN) administration in non-infected mice. LipNaf retained its anti-SARS-CoV 2 activity in Calu 3 cells with only a modest decrease, exhibiting complete inhibition at concentrations >100 nM. IN, but not intraperitoneal (IP) treatment with targeted LipNaf resulted in a trend to reduced viral load in the lungs of K18-hACE2 mice compared to targeted empty Lip. Nevertheless, upon removal of outlier data, a statistically significant 1.9-fold reduction in viral load was achieved. This observation further highlights the importance of a targeted delivery into the respiratory tract. In summary, we were able to demonstrate a proof-of-concept of drug repurposing by liposomal formulations with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. The biodistribution and bioactivity studies with LipNaf suggest an IN or inhalation route of administration for optimal therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Reus
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery Research ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Institute for Medical Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hadar Guthmann
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Nadja Uhlig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy und Immunology IZI, Perlickstrasse 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Majd Agbaria
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Leila Issmail
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy und Immunology IZI, Perlickstrasse 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valentina Eberlein
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy und Immunology IZI, Perlickstrasse 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mirjam M Nordling-David
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Doaa Jbara-Agbaria
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Institute for Medical Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Denisa Bojkova
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Institute for Medical Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Institute for Medical Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anke Burger-Kentischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steffen Rupp
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrea Zaliani
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery Research ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Grunwald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy und Immunology IZI, Perlickstrasse 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philip Gribbon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery Research ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aimo Kannt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Innovation Center TheraNova, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Gershon Golomb
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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22
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Haque S, Tripathy S, Chandra Y, Muralidharan K, Patra CR. Toxicity study of pro-angiogenic casein manganese oxide nanoparticles: an in vitro and in vivo approach. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:604-627. [PMID: 38105710 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2291788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have demonstrated casein manganese oxide nanoparticles (CMnNP) that exhibit pro-angiogenic property established through different in vitro and in vivo experiments. The CMnNP was explored for therapeutic angiogenesis for treatment of wounds and recovery of hindlimb ischemia in pre-clinical mouse prototypical. It is well known that to translate any therapeutic nanoparticle for future clinical applications, their biosafety evaluation in small and large animals is essential. Herein, in the current study, the biosafety and bioavailability of the CMnNP have been explored by a systematic toxicity profiling study in C57BL/6J mice model. Initially, the in vitro cytotoxic effects of CMnNP were validated in RAW 264.7 cells. Later, the CMnNP was administered intraperitoneally with different doses (50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg b.wt./day) at different time points of exposure (acute: 2 weeks, sub-chronic: 4 weeks as well as chronic exposure: 8 and 20 weeks) with reference to the maximum tolerable dose (MTD) of CMnNP as per the OECD guidelines. The blood hematological and serum biochemical parameters of CMnNP treatment groups indicate negligible changes similar to untreated group. The histopathological examination of CMnNP-treated vital organs (lung, spleen, liver, brain, kidney, and heart) illustrates no major changes even at higher doses. Further, the biodistribution and excretion study depicts normal clearance of CMnNP. Additionally, the serum cytokine levels were normal in the therapeutic dose of CMnNP. The results altogether indicate that the non-toxic nature of CMnNP makes them useful as future therapeutic angiogenic agent for the treatment of various diseases where angiogenesis plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Haque
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sanchita Tripathy
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Yogesh Chandra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kathirvel Muralidharan
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Chitta Ranjan Patra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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23
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Bellini C, Vergara E, Bencs F, Fodor K, Bősze S, Krivić D, Bacsa B, Surguta SE, Tóvári J, Reljic R, Horváti K. Design and Characterization of a Multistage Peptide-Based Vaccine Platform to Target Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1738-1753. [PMID: 37606258 PMCID: PMC10587871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The complex immunopathology ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) is one of the main challenges in developing a novel vaccine against this pathogen, particularly regarding eliciting protection against both active and latent stages. Multistage vaccines, which contain antigens expressed in both phases, represent a promising strategy for addressing this issue, as testified by the tuberculosis vaccine clinical pipeline. Given this approach, we designed and characterized a multistage peptide-based vaccine platform containing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes previously validated for inducing a relevant T cell response against Mtb. After preliminary screening, CFP10 (32-39), GlfT2 (4-12), HBHA (185-194), and PPE15 (1-15) were selected as promising candidates, and we proved that the PM1 pool of these peptides triggered a T cell response in Mtb-sensitized human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Taking advantage of the use of thiol-maleimide chemoselective ligation, we synthesized a multiepitope conjugate (Ac-CGHP). Our results showed a structure-activity relationship between the conjugation and a higher tendency to fold and assume an ordered secondary structure. Moreover, the palmitoylated conjugate (Pal-CGHP) comprising the same peptide antigens was associated with an enhanced cellular uptake in human and murine antigen-presenting cells and a better immunogenicity profile. Immunization study, conducted in BALB/c mice, showed that Pal-CGHP induced a significantly higher T cell proliferation and production of IFNγ and TNFα over PM1 formulated in the Sigma Adjuvant System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bellini
- MTA-TTK
Lendület “Momentum” Peptide-Based Vaccines Research
Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest 1117, Hungary
- Hevesy
György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös
Loránd University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Emil Vergara
- Institute
for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s,
University of London, London SW17 0RE, U.K.
| | - Fruzsina Bencs
- Hevesy
György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös
Loránd University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
- Laboratory
of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Kinga Fodor
- Department
of Laboratory Animal Science and Animal Protection, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest 1078, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- ELKH-ELTE
Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd
Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös
Loránd University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Denis Krivić
- Division
of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernadett Bacsa
- Division
of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sára Eszter Surguta
- Department
of Experimental Pharmacology and National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - József Tóvári
- Department
of Experimental Pharmacology and National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute
for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s,
University of London, London SW17 0RE, U.K.
| | - Kata Horváti
- MTA-TTK
Lendület “Momentum” Peptide-Based Vaccines Research
Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest 1117, Hungary
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24
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Dilshan MAH, Omeka WKM, Udayantha HMV, Liyanage DS, Rodrigo DCG, Hanchapola HACR, Kodagoda YK, Lee J, Lee S, Jeong T, Kim KM, Han HJ, Wan Q, Lee J. Molecular features, antioxidant potential, and immunological expression assessment of thioredoxin-like protein 1 (TXNL1) in yellowtail clownfish (Amphiprion clarkii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109009. [PMID: 37598735 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-like protein 1 (TXNL1) is a redox-active protein belonging to the thioredoxin family, which mainly controls the redox status of cells. The TXNL1 gene from Amphiprion clarkii (AcTXNL1) was obtained from a pre-established transcriptome database. The AcTXNL1 is encoded with 289 amino acids and is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The TXN domain of AcTXNL1 comprises a34CGPC37 motif with redox-reactive thiol (SH-) groups. The spatial distribution pattern of AcTXNL1 mRNA was examined in different tissues, and the muscle was identified as the highest expressed tissue. AcTXNL1 mRNA levels in the blood and gills were significantly increased in response to different immunostimulants. In vitro antioxidant capacity of the recombinant AcTXNL1 protein (rACTXNL1) was evaluated using the ABTS free radical-scavenging activity assay, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity assay, turbidimetric disulfide reduction assay, and DNA nicking protection assay. The potent antioxidant activity of rAcTXNL1 exhibited a concentration-dependent manner in all assays. Furthermore, in the cellular environment, overexpression of AcTXNL1 increased cell viability under H2O2 stress and reduced nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Collectively, the experimental results revealed that AcTXNL1 is an antioxidant and immunologically important gene in A. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A H Dilshan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - H M V Udayantha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - D C G Rodrigo
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - H A C R Hanchapola
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Y K Kodagoda
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Min Kim
- Jeju Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute Fisheries Science, Jeju, 63068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Han
- Jeju Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute Fisheries Science, Jeju, 63068, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Bright R, Hayles A, Wood J, Palms D, Barker D, Vasilev K. Interplay between Immune and Bacterial Cells on a Biomimetic Nanostructured Surface: A "Race for the Surface" Study. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3472-3483. [PMID: 37384836 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial-associated infection is an ever-increasing risk with devasting consequences for patients. Considerable research has been undertaken to address this issue by imparting antibacterial properties to the surface of biomedical implants. One approach that generated much interest over recent years was the generation of bioinspired bactericidal nanostructures. In the present report, we have investigated the interplay between macrophages and bacteria on antibacterial nanostructured surfaces to determine the outcome of the so-called "race for the surface". Our results showed that macrophages can indeed outcompete Staphylococcus aureus via multiple mechanisms. The early generation of reactive oxygen species by macrophages, downregulation of bacterial virulence gene expression, and the bactericidal nature of the nanostructured surface itself collectively acted to help the macrophage to win the race. This study highlights the potential of nanostructured surfaces to reduce infection rates and improve the long-term success of biomedical implants. This work can also serve as guidance to others to investigate in vitro host-bacteria interactions on other candidate antibacterial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bright
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Andrew Hayles
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Jonathan Wood
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Dennis Palms
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Dan Barker
- Corin Australia, Sydney, NSW 2153, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
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26
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Cicchi C, Paoli P, Modesti A, Mannelli F, Scicutella F, Buccioni A, Fontanarosa C, Luti S, Pazzagli L. Effect of Bovine Milk Peptides on Cell Inflammation, Proliferation and Differentiation: Milk Potential Benefits Are Preserved in an Unconventional Cow Feeding Strategy. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1162. [PMID: 37759562 PMCID: PMC10525111 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Animal feeding through the reuse of agro-industrial by-products in one of the ultimate goals of sustainable agriculture. Olive oil pomace (OOP) produced as a waste product during olive oil milling has been used as an ingredient in the diet for Holstein lactating cows. Recent findings have shown no decrease in animal performance, feed intake or detrimental effect on rumen microbiota. In contrast, an improvement in C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been observed. In this work, the milk protein content from cows fed a commercial diet (CON) or an experimental one supplemented with OOP was determined and compared, and the peptides derived from the simulated gastrointestinal digestion of raw milk were analyzed. After fractionation via RP-HPLC, peptides were characterized for their biological activity on different cell lines. The ability to reduce both the intracellular ROS content and the expression of inflammatory markers, such as Cyclooxygenase, isoenzyme 2 (COX-2) and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), as well as the remarkable properties to induce cell differentiation and to slow down the proliferation of human intestinal cancer cells, enable us to define them as bioactive peptides. In spite of there being no observed significant difference between the healthy activity of CON and OOP peptides, the results allow us to broaden the knowledge about the biological activity of these bioactive peptides and to confirm that agro-industrial by-products may be successfully incorporated into the feeding strategy of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Cicchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Federica Mannelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Federica Scicutella
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Carolina Fontanarosa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Consorzio Interuniversitario I.N.B.B., Viale Medaglie D’Oro, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Luti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Luigia Pazzagli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (L.P.)
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Zentar H, Jannus F, Medina-O’Donnell M, El Mansouri AE, Fernández A, Justicia J, Alvarez-Manzaneda E, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Chahboun R. Synthesis of Tricyclic Pterolobirin H Analogue: Evaluation of Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Molecular Docking Investigations. Molecules 2023; 28:6208. [PMID: 37687037 PMCID: PMC10489156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pterolobirin H (3), a cassane diterpene isolated from the roots of Pterolobium macropterum, exhibits important anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, its relatively complex tetracyclic structure makes it difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis, thus limiting the studies of its biological activities. Therefore, we present here a short route to obtain a rational simplification of pterolobirin H (3) and some intermediates. The anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was assayed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. All compounds showed potent inhibition of NO production, with percentages between 54 to 100% at sub-cytotoxic concentrations. The highest anti-inflammatory effect was shown for compounds 15 and 16. The simplified analog 16 revealed potential NO inhibition properties, being 2.34 higher than that of natural cassane pterolobirin H (3). On the other hand, hydroxyphenol 15 was also demonstrated to be the strongest NO inhibitor in RAW 264.7 macrophages (IC50 NO = 0.62 ± 0.21 μg/mL), with an IC50NO value 28.3 times lower than that of pterolobirin H (3). Moreover, the anticancer potential of these compounds was evaluated in three cancer cell lines: HT29 colon cancer cells, Hep-G2 hepatoma cells, and B16-F10 murine melanoma cells. Intermediate 15 was the most active against all the selected tumor cell lines. Compound 15 revealed the highest cytotoxic effect with the lowest IC50 value (IC50 = 2.45 ± 0.29 μg/mL in HT29 cells) and displayed an important apoptotic effect through an extrinsic pathway, as evidenced in the flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, the Hoechst staining assay showed that analog 15 triggered morphological changes, including nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation, in treated HT29 cells. Finally, the in silico studies demonstrated that cassane analogs exhibit promising binding affinities and docking performance with iNOS and caspase 8, which confirms the obtained experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Zentar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.Z.); (A.F.); (J.J.); (E.A.-M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.-O.)
| | - Fatin Jannus
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.-O.)
| | - Marta Medina-O’Donnell
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.-O.)
| | - Az-eddine El Mansouri
- Chemistry Department, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.Z.); (A.F.); (J.J.); (E.A.-M.)
| | - José Justicia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.Z.); (A.F.); (J.J.); (E.A.-M.)
| | - Enrique Alvarez-Manzaneda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.Z.); (A.F.); (J.J.); (E.A.-M.)
| | - Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.-O.)
| | - Rachid Chahboun
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.Z.); (A.F.); (J.J.); (E.A.-M.)
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Koher G, Khan A, Suarez-vega G, Meesakul P, Bacani AJ, Kohno T, Zhu X, Kim KH, Cao S, Jia Z. A Comprehensive Insight into Māmaki ( Pipturus albidus): Its Ethnomedicinal Heritage, Human Health Research, and Phytochemical Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2924. [PMID: 37631137 PMCID: PMC10459036 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In Hawaii, the plants P. albidus, P. forbesii, P. kauaiensis, and P. ruber are collectively known as māmaki in ethnomedicine, where P. albidus predominates. Farmed māmaki is becoming increasingly popular in Hawaii and the United States. Māmaki teas (such as bottled Shaka tea) are the dominant product. Historically, māmaki has been utilized for its medicinal properties, promoting well-being and good health through consuming tea made from its leaves, ingesting its fruit, and incorporating it into ointments. Māmaki holds cultural significance among Native Hawaiians and is widely used in ethnic medicine, having been incorporated into traditional practices for centuries. However, the scientific mechanisms behind its effects remain unclear. This review consolidates current knowledge of māmaki, shedding light on its potential therapeutic properties, physical properties, nutritional and mineral composition, and active phytochemicals. We also highlight recent research advances in māmaki's antibacterial, anti-viral, chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Additionally, we discuss future prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Koher
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA; (G.K.); (A.K.); (G.S.-v.)
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA; (G.K.); (A.K.); (G.S.-v.)
| | - Gabriel Suarez-vega
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA; (G.K.); (A.K.); (G.S.-v.)
| | - Pornphimon Meesakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (P.M.); (A.-J.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Ann-Janin Bacani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (P.M.); (A.-J.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Tomomi Kohno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (P.M.); (A.-J.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
| | - Shugeng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (P.M.); (A.-J.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA; (G.K.); (A.K.); (G.S.-v.)
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Gao Q, Zhou LX, Huang R, Zhang SX, Chen G. Five New Glycoside Constituents from the Roots of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300841. [PMID: 37462846 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Three undescribed glycoside constituents, macrophyllosides E-G and a pair of iridoid glycosides genticrasides A/B, together with eleven known glycoside compounds were isolated from the roots of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk. Their structures were identified by means of spectra analysis and data comparison with previous literatures. Interestingly, the glucose moieties in macrophylloside E and F possess free anomeric hydroxy groups. Genticrasides A/B, identified as a pair of iridoid originated lactones, have not been reported from Gentianaceae family up to now. The anti-inflammatory effects of selected compounds were also evaluated through the nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In which, macrophyllosides G and D showed NO inhibitory activities with rates of 76.14±4.02 % and 52.44±8.29 % at 100 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Li-Xiang Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shu-Xian Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Leanpolchareanchai J, Teeranachaideekul V. Topical Microemulsions: Skin Irritation Potential and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Herbal Substances. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:999. [PMID: 37513911 PMCID: PMC10384732 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microemulsions (MEs) have gained prominence as effective drug delivery systems owing to their optical transparency, low viscosity, and thermodynamic stability. MEs, when stabilized with surfactants and/or co-surfactants, exhibit enhanced drug solubilization, prolonged shelf life, and simple preparation methods. This review examines the various types of MEs, explores different preparation techniques, and investigates characterization approaches. Plant extracts and bioactive compounds are well established for their utilization as active ingredients in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Being derived from natural sources, they serve as preferable alternatives to synthetic chemicals. Furthermore, they have demonstrated a wide range of therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. However, the topical application of plant extracts and bioactive compounds has certain limitations, such as low skin absorption and stability. To overcome these challenges, the utilization of MEs enables enhanced skin absorption, thereby making them a valuable mode of administration. However, considering the significant surfactant content in MEs, this review evaluates the potential skin irritation caused by MEs containing herbal substances. Additionally, the review explores the topical application of MEs specifically for herbal substances, with an emphasis on their anti-inflammatory properties.
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Demina PA, Sindeeva OA, Abramova AM, Saveleva MS, Sukhorukov GB, Goryacheva IY. Fluorescent polymer markers photoconvertible with a 532 nm laser for individual cell labeling. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200379. [PMID: 36726223 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent photoconvertible materials and molecules have been successfully exploited as bioimaging markers and cell trackers. Recently, the novel fluorescent photoconvertible polymer markers have been developed that allow the long-term tracking of individual labeled cells. However, it is still necessary to study the functionality of this type of fluorescent labels for various operating conditions, in particular for commonly used discrete wavelength lasers. In this article, the photoconversion of fluorescent polymer labels with both pulsed and continuous-wave lasers with 532 nm-irradiation wavelength, and under different laser power densities were studied. The photoconversion process was described and its possible mechanism was proposed. The peculiarities of fluorescent polymer capsules performance as an aqueous suspension and as a single capsule were described. We performed the successful nondestructivity marker photoconversion inside RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage cells under continuous-wave laser with 532 nm-irradiation wavelength, showing prospects of these fluorescent markers for long-term live cell labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Demina
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - O A Sindeeva
- A.V. Zelmann Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Abramova
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - M S Saveleva
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - G B Sukhorukov
- A.V. Zelmann Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - I Y Goryacheva
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
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Vurro V, Moschetta M, Bondelli G, Sardar S, Magni A, Sesti V, Paternò GM, Bertarelli C, D'Andrea C, Lanzani G. Membrane Order Effect on the Photoresponse of an Organic Transducer. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050538. [PMID: 37233599 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-genetic photostimulation, which allows for control over cellular activity via the use of cell-targeting phototransducers, is widely used nowadays to study and modulate/restore biological functions. This approach relies on non-covalent interactions between the phototransducer and the cell membrane, thus implying that cell conditions and membrane status can dictate the effectiveness of the method. For instance, although immortalized cell lines are traditionally used in photostimulation experiments, it has been demonstrated that the number of passages they undergo is correlated to the worsening of cell conditions. In principle, this could impact cell responsivity against exogenous stressors, including photostimulation. However, these aspects have usually been neglected in previous experiments. In this work, we investigated whether cell passages could affect membrane properties (such as polarity and fluidity). We applied optical spectroscopy and electrophysiological measurements in two different biological models: (i) an epithelial immortalized cell line (HEK-293T cells) and (ii) liposomes. Different numbers of cell passages were compared to a different morphology in the liposome membrane. We demonstrated that cell membranes show a significant decrease in ordered domains upon increasing the passage number. Furthermore, we observed that cell responsivity against external stressors is markedly different between aged and non-aged cells. Firstly, we noted that the thermal-disordering effect that is usually observed in membranes is more evident in aged cells than in non-aged ones. We then set up a photostimulation experiment by using a membrane-targeted azobenzene as a phototransducer (Ziapin2). As an example of a functional consequence of such a condition, we showed that the rate of isomerization of an intramembrane molecular transducer is significantly impaired in aged cells. The reduction in the photoisomerization rate translates in cells with a sustained reduction of the Ziapin2-related hyperpolarization of the membrane potential and an overall increase in the molecule fluorescence. Overall, our results suggest that membrane stimulation strongly depends on membrane order, highlighting the importance of cell passage during the characterization of the stimulation tools. This study can shine light on the correlation between aging and the development of diseases driven by membrane degradation as well as on the different cell responsivities against external stressors, such as temperature and photostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Vurro
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Moschetta
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Bondelli
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20134 Milan, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Samim Sardar
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Magni
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20134 Milan, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Sesti
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20134 Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Paternò
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20134 Milan, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bertarelli
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20134 Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cosimo D'Andrea
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20134 Milan, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20134 Milan, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Treerat P, Anderson D, Giacaman RA, Merritt J, Kreth J. Glycerol metabolism supports oral commensal interactions. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023:10.1038/s41396-023-01426-9. [PMID: 37169870 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
During oral biofilm development, interspecies interactions drive species distribution and biofilm architecture. To understand what molecular mechanisms determine these interactions, we used information gained from recent biogeographical investigations demonstrating an association of corynebacteria with streptococci. We previously reported that Streptococcus sanguinis and Corynebacterium durum have a close relationship through the production of membrane vesicle and fatty acids leading to S. sanguinis chain elongation and overall increased fitness supporting their commensal state. Here we present the molecular mechanisms of this interspecies interaction. Coculture experiments for transcriptomic analysis identified several differentially expressed genes in S. sanguinis. Due to its connection to fatty acid synthesis, we focused on the glycerol-operon. We further explored the differentially expressed type IV pili genes due to their connection to motility and biofilm adhesion. Gene inactivation of the glycerol kinase glpK had a profound impact on the ability of S. sanguinis to metabolize C. durum secreted glycerol and impaired chain elongation important for their interaction. Investigations on the effect of type IV pili revealed a reduction of S. sanguinis twitching motility in the presence of C. durum, which was caused by a decrease in type IV pili abundance on the surface of S. sanguinis as determined by SEM. In conclusion, we identified that the ability to metabolize C. durum produced glycerol is crucial for the interaction of C. durum and S. sanguinis. Reduced twitching motility could lead to a closer interaction of both species, supporting niche development in the oral cavity and potentially shaping symbiotic health-associated biofilm communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puthayalai Treerat
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - David Anderson
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Giacaman
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Justin Merritt
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jens Kreth
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Gubitosa F, Fraternale D, De Bellis R, Gorassini A, Benayada L, Chiarantini L, Albertini MC, Potenza L. Cydonia oblonga Mill. Pulp Callus Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Injured Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051076. [PMID: 37237942 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological activity of a callus extract from the pulp of Cydonia oblonga Mill., also known as quince, was investigated in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines. In particular, the anti-inflammatory activity of C. oblonga Mill. pulp callus extract was assessed in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 by the Griess test and in LPS-treated HaCaT human keratinocytes by examining the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory process, including nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nuclear factor-kappa-B inhibitor alfa (ikBα), and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by quantizing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide-injured HaCaT cell line. The obtained results indicate that C. oblonga callus from fruit pulp extract has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, suggesting its possible application in delaying and preventing acute or chronic diseases associated with aging or in the treatment of wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gubitosa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Daniele Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Roberta De Bellis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Andrea Gorassini
- Department of Humanities and Cultural Heritage, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Leila Benayada
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Laura Chiarantini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Potenza
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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Kuntzel T, Spenlé C, Pham-Van LD, Birmpili D, Riou A, Loeuillet A, Charmarke-Askar I, Bagnard D. Implication of the Transmembrane Domain in the Interleukin 10 Receptor Platform Oligomerisation. Cells 2023; 12:1361. [PMID: 37408195 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) exerts anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory roles through its fixation to the IL-10 receptor (IL-10R). The two subunits (IL-10Rα and IL-10Rβ) organise themselves to form a hetero-tetramer to induce the activation of the transcription factor STAT3. We analysed the activation patterns of the IL-10R, especially the contribution of the transmembrane (TM) domain of the IL-10Rα and IL-10Rβ subunits, as evidence accumulates that this short domain has tremendous implications in receptor oligomerisation and activation. We also addressed whether targeting the TM domain of IL-10R with peptides mimicking the TM sequences of the subunits translates into biological consequences. The results illustrate the involvement of the TM domains from both subunits in receptor activation and feature a distinctive amino acid crucial for the interaction. The TM peptide targeting approach also appears to be suitable for modulating the activation of the receptor through its action on the dimerization capabilities of the TM domains and thereby constitutes a potential new strategy for the modulation of the inflammation in pathologic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kuntzel
- UMR7242 Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Caroline Spenlé
- UMR7242 Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Lucas D Pham-Van
- UMR7242 Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Dafni Birmpili
- UMR7242 Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Aurélien Riou
- UMR7242 Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Aurore Loeuillet
- UMR7242 Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Imane Charmarke-Askar
- UMR7242 Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Dominique Bagnard
- UMR7242 Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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Antonopoulou T, Kanakousaki E, Dimitropoulos C, Manidakis N, Athanassakis I. Aberrant expression of T cell receptors in monocyte/macrophage RAW 264.7 cells: FCγRII/III compensates the need for CD3. Mol Immunol 2023; 157:167-175. [PMID: 37028131 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventionally T-cell receptors (TCRs) have so far been considered as a T-lymphocyte privilege. However, recent findings also place TCR expression in non-lymphoid cells, namely neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages. In order to examine the ectopic expression of TCR, this study focused on RAW 264.7 cells, which have been broadly used for their macrophage properties. Immunofluorescence staining detected 70% and 40% of the cells to express TCRαβ and TCRγδ respectively, which was also verified by RT-PCR experiments and confocal microscopy analysis. Interestingly, except from the predicted 292 and 288 bp gene products for the α- and γ-chain, additional products at 220 and 550 bp could be detected, respectively. RAW 264.7 cells also expressed the co-stimulatory CD4 and CD8 markers at a percentage of 61% and 14% respectively, which supported the expression of TCRs. However, only low numbers of cells expressed CD3ε and CD3ζ (9% and 7% respectively). Such observations contradicted the existing knowledge, and indicated that TCRs would be supported by other molecules for reaching the membrane and transducing their signal. Such candidate molecules could be the Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). Indeed, the FcγRII/III receptor was found to be expressed in 75% of the cells, which also expressed at a percentage of 25% major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Engagement of the FcγRII/III receptor by a recombinant IgG2aCH2 fragment, except from stimulating the macrophage-dependent properties of the cells, was shown to reduce expression of TCRαβ and γδ indicating that FcγRII/III was indeed used by TCRs for their transport to the cell membrane. In order to examine the ability of RAW 264.7 cells to simultaneously display antigen presenting- and T-cell properties, functional experiments as to antigen-specific antibody and IL-2 production were performed. In in vitro immunization assays in the presence of naïve B cells, RAW264.7 failed to promote antibody production. However, RAW 264.7 cells could compete with antigen-stimulated macrophages but not T cells when applied to a system of in vivo antigen-sensitized cells followed by an in vitro immunization protocol. Interestingly, simultaneous addition of antigen and the IgG2aCH2 fragment to RAW 264.7 cells could promote IL-2 production from the cells, indicating that FcγRII/III activation could also support TCR stimulation. Extrapolating these findings to cells of the myeloid origin, the above results dictate novel regulatory mechanisms towards the alteration of the immune response.
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Reynoso M, Hobbs S, Kolb AL, Matheny RW, Roberts BM. MyD88 and not TRIF knockout is sufficient to abolish LPS-induced inflammatory responses in bone-derived macrophages. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:1225-1232. [PMID: 36971014 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the response to infection and/or repair of injury in tissues. To examine the NF-κB pathway in response to an inflammatory stimulus, we used wild-type bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) or BMDMs with knockout (KO) of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) and/or Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) via CRISPR/Cas9. Following treatment of BMDMs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an inflammatory response, translational signalling of NF-κB was quantified via immunoblot and cytokines were measured. Our findings reveal that MyD88 KO, but not TRIF KO, decreased LPS-induced NF-κB signalling, and 10% expression of basal MyD88 expression was sufficient to partially rescue the abolished inflammatory cytokine secretion observed upon MyD88 KO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinaliz Reynoso
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Stuart Hobbs
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Alexander L Kolb
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Ronald W Matheny
- Military Operational Medicine Research Program, Fort Detrick, MA, USA
| | - Brandon M Roberts
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
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He Z, Wilson A, Rich F, Kenwright D, Stevens A, Low YS, Thunders M. Chromosomal instability and its effect on cell lines. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023:e1822. [PMID: 37095005 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cell lines are invaluable model systems for biomedical research because they provide an almost unlimited supply of biological materials. However, there is considerable skepticism regarding the reproducibility of data derived from these in vitro models. RECENT FINDINGS Chromosomal instability (CIN) is one of the primary issues associated with cell lines, which can cause genetic heterogeneity and unstable cell properties within a cell population. Many of these problems can be avoided with some precautions. Here we review the underlying causes of CIN, including merotelic attachment, telomere dysfunction, DNA damage response defects, mitotic checkpoint defects and cell cycle disturbances. CONCLUSION In this review we summarize studies highlighting the consequences of CIN in various cell lines and provide suggestions on monitoring and controlling CIN during cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen He
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Fenella Rich
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Diane Kenwright
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Aaron Stevens
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Yee Syuen Low
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Thunders
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Das O, Masid A, Chakraborty M, Gope A, Dutta S, Bhaumik M. Butyrate driven raft disruption trots off enteric pathogen invasion: possible mechanism of colonization resistance. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:19. [PMID: 37085870 PMCID: PMC10122309 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome derived short chain fatty acids perform multitude of functions to maintain gut homeostasis. Here we studied how butyrate stymie enteric bacterial invasion in cell using a simplistic binary model. The surface of the mammalian cells is enriched with microdomains rich in cholesterol that are known as rafts and act as entry points for pathogens. We showed that sodium butyrate treated RAW264.7 cells displayed reduced membrane cholesterol and less cholera-toxin B binding coupled with increased membrane fluidity compared to untreated cells indicating that reduced membrane cholesterol caused disruption of lipid rafts. The implication of such cellular biophysical changes on the invasion of enteric pathogenic bacteria was assessed. Our study showed, in comparison to untreated cells, butyrate-treated cells significantly reduced the invasion of Shigella and Salmonella, and these effects were found to be reversed by liposomal cholesterol treatment, increasing the likelihood that the rafts' function against bacterial invasion. The credence of ex vivo studies found to be in concordance in butyrate fed mouse model as evident from the significant drift towards a protective phenotype against virulent enteric pathogen invasion as compared to untreated mice. To produce a cytokine balance towards anti-inflammation, butyrate-treated mice produced more of the gut tissue anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and less of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ. In histological studies of Shigella infected gut revealed a startling observation where number of neutrophils infiltration was noted which was correlated with the pathology and was essentially reversed by butyrate treatment. Our results ratchet up a new dimension of our understanding how butyrate imparts resistance to pathogen invasion in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oishika Das
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 C.I. T Road, Beleghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | - Aaheli Masid
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 C.I. T Road, Beleghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | - Mainak Chakraborty
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 C.I. T Road, Beleghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | - Animesh Gope
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 C.I. T Road, Beleghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 C.I. T Road, Beleghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | - Moumita Bhaumik
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 C.I. T Road, Beleghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India.
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Mas-Rosario JA, Medor JD, Jeffway MI, Martínez-Montes JM, Farkas ME. Murine macrophage-based iNos reporter reveals polarization and reprogramming in the context of breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1151384. [PMID: 37091169 PMCID: PMC10113556 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1151384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the first line of defense against pathogens, macrophages possess the ability to differentiate into divergent phenotypes with varying functions. The process by which these cells change their characteristics, commonly referred to as macrophage polarization, allows them to change into broadly pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) subtypes, and depends on the polarizing stimuli. Deregulation of macrophage phenotypes can result in different pathologies or affect the nature of some diseases, such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Therefore, a better understanding of macrophage phenotype conversion in relevant models is needed to elucidate its potential roles in disease. However, there are few existing probes to track macrophage changes in multicellular environments. In this study, we generated an eGFP reporter cell line based on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNos) promoter activity in RAW264.7 cells (RAW:iNos-eGFP). iNos is associated with macrophage activation to pro-inflammatory states and decreases in immune-suppressing ones. We validated the fidelity of the reporter for iNos following cytokine-mediated polarization and confirmed that reporter and parental cells behaved similarly. RAW:iNos-eGFP cells were then used to track macrophage responses in different in vitro breast cancer models, and their re-education from anti- to pro-inflammatory phenotypes via a previously reported pyrimido(5,4-b)indole small molecule, PBI1. Using two mouse mammary carcinoma cell lines, 4T1 and EMT6, effects on macrophages were assessed via conditioned media, two-dimensional/monolayer co-culture, and three-dimensional spheroid models. While conditioned media derived from 4T1 or EMT6 cells and monolayer co-cultures of each cancer cell line with RAW:iNos-eGFP cells all resulted in decreased fluorescence, the trends and extents of effects differed. We also observed decreases in iNos-eGFP signal in the macrophages in co-culture assays with 4T1- or EMT6-based spheroids. We then showed that iNos production is enhanced in these cancer models using PBI1, tracking increased fluorescence. Collectively, this work demonstrates that this reporter-based approach provides a facile means to study macrophage responses in complex, multicomponent environments. Beyond the initial studies presented here, this platform can be used with a variety of in vitro models and extended to in vivo applications with intravital imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Mas-Rosario
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Ahmerst, MA, United States
| | - Josue D. Medor
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Ahmerst, MA, United States
| | - Mary I. Jeffway
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Ahmerst, MA, United States
| | - José M. Martínez-Montes
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Ahmerst, MA, United States
| | - Michelle E. Farkas
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Ahmerst, MA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Ahmerst, MA, United States
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41
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Takahashi S, Ferdousi F, Yamamoto S, Hirano A, Nukaga S, Nozaki H, Isoda H. Botryococcus terribilis Ethanol Extract Exerts Anti-inflammatory Effects on Murine RAW264 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076666. [PMID: 37047640 PMCID: PMC10095501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Botryococcus terribilis ethanol extract (BTEE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264 cells. BTEE significantly attenuated LPS-induced nitric oxide production and inflammatory cytokines release, including Ccl2, Cox2, and Il6. On the other hand, several anti-inflammatory mediators, such as Pgc1β and Socs1, were increased in BTEE-treated cells. Further, we performed an untargeted whole-genome microarray analysis to explore the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of BTEE. Enrichment analysis showed BTEE significantly downregulated ‘response to stimulus’, ‘locomotion’, and ‘immune system response’ and upregulated ‘cell cycle’ gene ontologies in both 6- and 17-h post-LPS stimulation conditions. Pathway analysis revealed BTEE could downregulate the expressions of chemokines of the CC and CXC subfamily, and cytokines of the TNF family, TGFβ family, IL1-like, and class I helical. PPI analysis showed AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (Axl), a receptor tyrosine kinase from the TAM family, and its upstream transcription factors were downregulated in both conditions. Node neighborhood analysis showed several Axl coexpressed genes were also downregulated. Further, kinase enrichment and chemical perturbation analyses supported Axl inhibition in BTEE-treated conditions. Altogether, these findings suggest anti-inflammatory effects of BTEE that are mediated via the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and predict its potential as an Axl inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Takahashi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Seri Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirano
- Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc., Tokyo 100-8560, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nukaga
- Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc., Tokyo 100-8560, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nozaki
- Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc., Tokyo 100-8560, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
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42
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Jeknić S, Kudo T, Song JJ, Covert MW. An optimized reporter of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α reveals complex HIF-1α activation dynamics in single cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104599. [PMID: 36907438 PMCID: PMC10124923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells adopt a variety of metabolic states to support their many biological functions, which include fighting pathogens, removing tissue debris, and tissue remodeling. One of the key mediators of these metabolic changes is the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Single-cell dynamics have been shown to be an important determinant of cell behavior; however, despite the importance of HIF-1α, little is known about its single-cell dynamics or their effect on metabolism. To address this knowledge gap, here we optimized a HIF-1α fluorescent reporter and applied it to study single-cell dynamics. First, we showed that single cells are likely able to differentiate multiple levels of prolyl hydroxylase inhibition, a marker of metabolic change, via HIF-1α activity. We then applied a physiological stimulus known to trigger metabolic change, interferon-γ, and observed heterogeneous, oscillatory HIF-1α responses in single cells. Finally, we input these dynamics into a mathematical model of HIF-1α-regulated metabolism and discovered a profound difference between cells exhibiting high versus low HIF-1α activation. Specifically, we found cells with high HIF-1α activation are able to meaningfully reduce flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and show a notable increase in the NAD+/NADH ratio compared with cells displaying low HIF-1α activation. Altogether, this work demonstrates an optimized reporter for studying HIF-1α in single cells and reveals previously unknown principles of HIF-1α activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan Jeknić
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Takamasa Kudo
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joanna J Song
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Markus W Covert
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
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43
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Al-Rekabi Z, Dondi C, Faruqui N, Siddiqui NS, Elowsson L, Rissler J, Kåredal M, Mudway I, Larsson-Callerfelt AK, Shaw M. Uncovering the cytotoxic effects of air pollution with multi-modal imaging of in vitro respiratory models. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221426. [PMID: 37063998 PMCID: PMC10090883 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Annually, an estimated seven million deaths are linked to exposure to airborne pollutants. Despite extensive epidemiological evidence supporting clear associations between poor air quality and a range of short- and long-term health effects, there are considerable gaps in our understanding of the specific mechanisms by which pollutant exposure induces adverse biological responses at the cellular and tissue levels. The development of more complex, predictive, in vitro respiratory models, including two- and three-dimensional cell cultures, spheroids, organoids and tissue cultures, along with more realistic aerosol exposure systems, offers new opportunities to investigate the cytotoxic effects of airborne particulates under controlled laboratory conditions. Parallel advances in high-resolution microscopy have resulted in a range of in vitro imaging tools capable of visualizing and analysing biological systems across unprecedented scales of length, time and complexity. This article considers state-of-the-art in vitro respiratory models and aerosol exposure systems and how they can be interrogated using high-resolution microscopy techniques to investigate cell-pollutant interactions, from the uptake and trafficking of particles to structural and functional modification of subcellular organelles and cells. These data can provide a mechanistic basis from which to advance our understanding of the health effects of airborne particulate pollution and develop improved mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Al-Rekabi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Camilla Dondi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Nilofar Faruqui
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Nazia S. Siddiqui
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Linda Elowsson
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Rissler
- Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lund, Sweden
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monica Kåredal
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ian Mudway
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, London, UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Shaw
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
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44
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Dasgupta N, Sun D, Gorbet M, Gauthier M. Chitosan Grafted with Thermoresponsive Poly(di(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate) for Cell Culture Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061515. [PMID: 36987295 PMCID: PMC10051194 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a polysaccharide extracted from animal sources such as crab and shrimp shells. In this work, chitosan films were modified by grafting them with a thermoresponsive polymer, poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PMEO2MA). The films were modified to introduce functional groups useful as reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents. PMEO2MA chains were then grown from the films via RAFT polymerization, making the chitosan films thermoresponsive. The degree of substitution of the chitosan-based RAFT agent and the amount of monomer added in the grafting reaction were varied to control the length of the grafted PMEO2MA chain segments. The chains were cleaved from the film substrates for characterization using 1H NMR and a gel permeation chromatography analysis. Temperature-dependent contact angle measurements were used to demonstrate that the hydrophilic-hydrophobic nature of the film surface varied with temperature. Due to the enhanced hydrophobic character of PMEO2MA above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST), the ability of PMEO2MA-grafted chitosan films to serve as a substrate for cell growth at 37 °C (incubation temperature) was tested. Interactions with cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, and corneal epithelial cells) were assessed. The modified chitosan films supported cell viability and proliferation. As the temperature is lowered to 4 °C (refrigeration temperature, below the LCST), the grafted chitosan films become less hydrophobic, and cell adhesion should decrease, facilitating their removal from the surface. Our results indicated that the cells were detached from the films following a short incubation period at 4 °C, were viable, and retained their ability to proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natun Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Duo Sun
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Maud Gorbet
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mario Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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45
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Yeung ST, Ovando LJ, Russo AJ, Rathinam VA, Khanna KM. CD169+ macrophage intrinsic IL-10 production regulates immune homeostasis during sepsis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112171. [PMID: 36867536 PMCID: PMC10123955 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages facilitate critical functions in regulating pathogen clearance and immune homeostasis in tissues. The remarkable functional diversity exhibited by macrophage subsets is dependent on tissue environment and the nature of the pathological insult. Our current knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate the multifaceted counter-inflammatory responses mediated by macrophages remains incomplete. Here, we report that CD169+ macrophage subsets are necessary for protection under excessive inflammatory conditions. We show that in the absence of these macrophages, even under mild septic conditions, mice fail to survive and exhibit increased production of inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, CD169+ macrophages control inflammatory responses via interleukin-10 (IL-10), as CD169+ macrophage-specific deletion of IL-10 was lethal during septic conditions, and recombinant IL-10 treatment reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lethality in mice lacking CD169+ macrophages. Collectively, our findings show a pivotal homeostatic role for CD169+ macrophages and suggest they may serve as an important target for therapy under damaging inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Luis J Ovando
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ashley J Russo
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Vijay A Rathinam
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Kamal M Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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46
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Complexification of In Vitro Models of Intestinal Barriers, A True Challenge for a More Accurate Alternative Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043595. [PMID: 36835003 PMCID: PMC9958734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of cell models is common to mimic cellular and molecular events in interaction with their environment. In the case of the gut, the existing models are of particular interest to evaluate food, toxicants, or drug effects on the mucosa. To have the most accurate model, cell diversity and the complexity of the interactions must be considered. Existing models range from single-cell cultures of absorptive cells to more complex combinations of two or more cell types. This work describes the existing solutions and the challenges that remain to be solved.
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47
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Garcia AR, Amaral ACF, Maria ACB, Paz MM, Amorim MMB, Chaves FCM, Vermelho AB, Nico D, Rodrigues IA. Antileishmanial Screening, Cytotoxicity, and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils: A Special Focus on Piper callosum Essential Oil. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200689. [PMID: 36565272 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania amazonensis is the etiological agent of tegumentary leishmaniasis, a disease characterized by the emergence of cutaneous and mucocutaneous ulcerated lesions that can evolve into severe destruction of skin tissue. Treatment of the disease is often accompanied by high toxicity and variable efficacy. Essential oils stand out for having diverse pharmacological properties. Here, we screened a panel of fourteen essential oils for their anti-L. amazonensis activity, cytotoxicity, and chemical profile. Lippia sidoides (LSEO) and Piper callosum (PCEO) oils displayed the best anti-promastigote and anti-amastigote activities with IC50 of 31 and 21 μg/ml, respectively. PCEO was the safest oil with a desirable selectivity index >10. In addition, PCEO showed no cytotoxicity against the VERO line and erythrocytes. PCEO-treated amastigotes displayed mitochondrial membrane depolarization and high levels of intracellular ROS. Safrole (54.72 %) was the main component of PCEO. The results described here highlight the use of essential oils to combat tegumentary leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza R Garcia
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia F Amaral
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Derivados, Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Farmanguinhos, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 22775-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara B Maria
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Derivados, Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Farmanguinhos, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 22775-903, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Paz
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mariana M B Amorim
- Instituto Municipal de Vigilância Sanitária, Vigilância de Zoonoses e de Inspeção Agropecuária, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-240, Brazil
| | | | - Alane B Vermelho
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Dirlei Nico
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Igor A Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.,Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
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48
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Carboxymethyl chitosan/sodium alginate hydrogels with polydopamine coatings as promising dressings for eliminating biofilm and multidrug-resistant bacteria induced wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:923-937. [PMID: 36427613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms induced wound infection and the accompanying excessive inflammatory response is the daunting problems in wound treatment. Due to the lack of corresponding biological functions, traditional wound dressings cannot effectively protect the wound and are prone to induce local infection, excessive inflammation, and vascular damage, resulting in prolonged unhealing. Here, a mussel-inspired strategy was adopted to prepare a multifunctional hydrogel created by H2O2/CuSO4-induced rapid polydopamine (PDA) deposition on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)/sodium alginate (Alg) based hydrogel, termed as CAC/PDA/Cu(H2O2). The prepared CAC/PDA/Cu(H2O2) hydrogel features excellent biocompatibility, adequate mechanical properties, and good degradability. Moreover, the CAC/PDA/Cu(H2O2) hydrogel can not only realize antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects, but also promote angiogenesis to accelerate wound healing in vitro thanks to the composite PDA/Cu(H2O2) coatings. Significantly, CAC/PDA/Cu(H2O2) hydrogel illustrates excellent therapeutic effects in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) induced-rat infection models, which can efficiently eliminate MRSA, dramatically reduce inflammatory expression, promote angiogenesis, and ultimately shorten the wound healing time. CAC/PDA/Cu(H2O2) hydrogel exhibited the best wound healing rate on days 7 (80.63 ± 2.44 %), 11 (92.45 ± 2.26 %), and 14 (97.86 ± 0.66 %). Thus, the multifunctional hydrogel provides a facile and efficient approach to wound management and represents promising potential in the therapy for wound healing.
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49
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Wong KW, Teh SS, Law KP, Ismail IS, Sato K, Mase N, Mah SH. Synthesis of benzylated amine-substituted xanthone derivatives and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200418. [PMID: 36285691 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and its constant companion, inflammation, play a critical part in the pathogenesis of many acute and chronic illnesses. The discovery of new multi-targeted drug candidates with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties is deemed necessary. Thus, a series of novel xanthone derivatives with halogenated benzyl (4b-4d, 4f-4h) and methoxylated benzyl groups (4e) attached to the butoxy amine substituent were synthesized in this study. The synthesized xanthone derivatives exhibited stronger antioxidant activity against H2 O2 scavenging than the standard drug, α-tocopherol, but weaker towards DPPH scavenging and ferrous ion chelation. Besides that, 4b-4d, 4f-4h demonstrated good anti-inflammatory activities through NO production inhibition towards lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells and showed 2-4 times stronger effects than the standard drug, diclofenac sodium. Moreover, compound 4b with two brominated benzyl groups attached to the butoxy amine substituent suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, significantly. Structure-activity relationship elucidated that the halogenated benzylamine substituent plays an important role in contributing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of xanthones. In summary, xanthone 4b was identified as a potential lead compound to be further developed into antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs. Thus, further studies on the related mechanisms of action of 4b are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Woong Wong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soek Sin Teh
- Engineering and Processing Division, Energy and Environment Unit, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kung Pui Law
- School of Pre-University Studies, Taylor's College, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Natural Medicine and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kohei Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mase
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Siau Hui Mah
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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50
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Zahednezhad F, Zakeri-Milani P, Mojarrad JS, Sarfraz M, Mahmoudian M, Baradaran B, Valizadeh H. Acetyl carnitine modified liposomes elevate cisplatin uptake in macrophage and cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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