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Agyepong IA, Agblevor E, Odopey S, Addom S, Enyimayew Afun NE, Agyekum MP, Asante PY, Aye GE, Darko N, Diarra A, Fenny AP, Gladzah A, Ibrahim N, Kagambega A, Wallace LJ, Novignon J, Yaogo M, Borgès Da Sliva R, Ensor T, Mirzoev T. Interventions for adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health in West Africa: A scoping review. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2024; 8:100530. [PMID: 39105105 PMCID: PMC11298589 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives A quarter of West Africa's population are adolescents 10-19 years. Their mental, sexual, and reproductive health is inter-related. We therefore aimed to examine published evidence on effectiveness of interventions for adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to inform development, implementation and de-implementation of policies and programs. Study design The study design was a scoping review. Methods We considered all qualitative and quantitative research designs that included adolescents 10-19 years in any type of intervention evaluation that included adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health. Outcomes were as defined by the researchers. PubMed/Medline, APA PsycINFO, CAIRN, and Google Scholar databases were searched for papers published between January 2000 and November 9, 2023.1526 English and French language papers were identified. After eliminating duplicates, screening abstracts and then full texts, 27 papers from studies in ECOWAS were included. Results Interventions represented three categories: service access, quality, and utilization; knowledge and information access and intersectionality and social determinants of adolescent health. Most studies were small-scale intervention research projects and interventions focused on sexual and reproductive or mental health individually rather than synergistically. The most common evaluation designs were quasi-experimental (13/27) followed by observational studies (8/27); randomized, and cluster randomized controlled trials (5/27), and one realist evaluation. The studies that evaluated policies and programs being implemented at scale used observational designs. Conclusion Research with robust evaluation designs on synergistic approaches to adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health policies, interventions, implementation and de-implementation is urgently needed to inform adolescent health policies and programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene A. Agyepong
- Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons. (GCPS), Accra, Ghana
- Dodowa Health Research Center, Ghana
| | - Emelia Agblevor
- Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons. (GCPS), Accra, Ghana
| | - Selase Odopey
- Dodowa Health Research Center, Ghana
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Selasie Addom
- Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons. (GCPS), Accra, Ghana
- Ghana Mental Health Authority, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Grace Emmanuelle Aye
- Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons. (GCPS), Accra, Ghana
- Dodowa Health Research Center, Ghana
| | | | - Aïssa Diarra
- Laboratoire d’études et Recherches sur les dynamiques Sociales et le développement local. (LASDEL), Niger
| | - Ama Pokuaa Fenny
- University of Ghana, Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER UG), Ghana
| | | | - Nassirou Ibrahim
- Laboratoire d’études et Recherches sur les dynamiques Sociales et le développement local. (LASDEL), Niger
- Université de Montréal Quebec, Canada
| | - Aline Kagambega
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Observatoire National de Santé de la Population (IASP), Burkina Faso
| | | | - Jacob Novignon
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Department of Economics, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ghana
| | - Maurice Yaogo
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Observatoire National de Santé de la Population (IASP), Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Tolib Mirzoev
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London UK Department of Global Health and Development London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
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Rashidi F, Karimi K, Danandeh K, Ansari A, Asadi-Lari M, Memari AH. Sex-specific compensatory model of suicidal ideation: a population-based study (Urban HEART-2). BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2120. [PMID: 39103845 PMCID: PMC11301943 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicidal ideations (SI), also known as suicidal thoughts, refer to impulses, desires, and obsessions related to death. Prevalence of suicidal ideation was 14 percent. The current study assumed that identifying the true predictors of SI would allow for a greater understanding of suicide risk. METHODS In this cross-sectional population-based study, 17,644 residents aged from 15 to 90 years were selected through a multi-stage sampling method from 22 districts of Tehran. Using hypothesized causal models, the pathways through which various variables influenced the components of SI were identified. Also, the applicability of the compensatory and risk-protective models of resiliency for the prediction of SI was tested by using the interaction multiple regression analyses. RESULTS SI was experienced by 13.44% of the study population. SI was more prevalent with individuals between the ages of 15 to 24. There are no differences between men and women when covariate analysis is used. The significant predictions by anxiety and physical activity (moderate) indicate support for the compensatory model for male and female, while the significant prediction by those indicates support for the risk-protective model for females. CONCLUSION PA would both lessen the detrimental impact of anxiety on suicidal thoughts and potentially reduce the probability of SI. It's important to develop and evaluate PA-enhancing treatments, especially for woman who are experiencing anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rashidi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyvan Karimi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khashayar Danandeh
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abtin Ansari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadi-Lari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Memari
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Ying WK, Rahman MM, Kiyu A. Suicide risk among adolescents in Sarawak, Malaysia: prevalence and determining factors. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2024; 36:399-407. [PMID: 38997223 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2024-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adolescent suicide is a significant global public health concern. Although numerous studies have investigated factors that influence the risk of suicide among adolescents around the world, limited data are available in the Malaysian context, especially among the diverse ethnic communities of Sarawak. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the risk of suicide among adolescents in Sarawak, Malaysia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,344 adolescents in Sarawak using face-to-face interviews. Hierarchical binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors that determine the risk of suicide among adolescents. RESULTS Two predictive models were constructed. Both models revealed that being female (OR=1.578, 95 % CI: 1.191, 2.092, p=0.001), having Malay ethnicity (OR=1.733, 95 % CI: 1.236, 2.429, p=0.001) and having a disease significantly increased the risk of suicide (OR=1.895, 95 % CI: 1.221, 2.942, p=0.004). In particular, Model 2, which showed a better fit, found that occasional religious practice (OR=1.610, 95 % CI: 1.126, 2.303, p=0.009), poor parental relationships (OR=1.739, 95 % CI: 1.035, 2.922, p=0.037) and higher addiction (OR=1.015, 95 % CI: 1.008, 1.022, p=0.001), depression (OR=1.919, 95 % CI: 1.241, 2.968, p=0.003), and stress (OR=2.707, 95 % CI: 1.689, 4.340, p=0.001) scores were significantly associated with an increased risk of suicide. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds light on multiple factors that contribute to the risk of suicide among adolescents in Sarawak. These findings underscore the importance of holistic prevention strategies, including psychological and social dimensions, to mitigate the risk of suicide in this population. Further research is warranted to understand the complex interplay of these factors and guide the development of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 54706 , Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Andrew Kiyu
- Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
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Reiss F, Cosma A, Bersia M, Erhart M, Dalmasso P, Devine J, Hulbert S, Catunda C, Gobina I, Giladi A, Jeriček Klanšček H, Ravens-Sieberer U. Adolescents perception of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and associated mental health and well-being: gender, age and socioeconomic differences in 22 countries. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:86. [PMID: 39026340 PMCID: PMC11264767 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19-pandemic has had a profound impact on the lives of adolescents worldwide. This study examined the subjective perception of the COVID-19 pandemic measures and its association with mental health and well-being (i.e., loneliness, life satisfaction and multiple health complaints) among 13- and 15-years-old adolescents from 22 countries. METHODS Data from the cross-national Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2021/22 study were used from representative samples of 22 countries (N = 67,544; 51.9% girls). The self-perceived impact of COVID-19 measure comprised 10 items asking about the impact on several dimensions of adolescent lives (e.g., relationships with family and friends, health, or eating behaviours). Measures of loneliness, multiple health complaints, and life satisfaction were included as indicators of mental health and well-being. A non-parametric multilevel latent class analysis considering individual and country-levels was conducted to identify classes of self-perceived impact of the COVID-19 measures. Multilevel logistic regression models adjusted by age and socioeconomic status were applied to assess the association between COVID-19 measure impact classes and mental health. RESULTS Three classes were identified on individual level encompassing a neutral (51%), positive (31%), or negative (18%) perception of COVID-19 measures. A third of the adolescents reported a positive impact of the pandemic measures. The distribution of classes was heterogeneous within and across countries. Within the positive COVID-19 measure impact class, social relationships were the most important dimension, whereas mental health problems were mostly represented within the negative COVID-19 measure impact class. Girls with a negative perception of pandemic measures showed higher levels of loneliness and multiple health complaints and lower life satisfaction. 15-year-old adolescents and those with a low socioeconomic status reported higher levels of loneliness and lower life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The majority of adolescents perceived the pandemic measures as neutral or positive. Girls, 15-year-old adolescents, and those with low socioeconomic status were at higher risk of suffering from pandemic measures and associated problems of loneliness, multiple health complaints, and low life satisfaction. We conclude that adolescent's mental health and well-being should be considered in the decision-making process by ensuring that the unique challenges of adolescents are adequately addressed in policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Reiss
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Alina Cosma
- Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Michael Erhart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Alice-Salomon University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Janine Devine
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabina Hulbert
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Carolina Catunda
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Inese Gobina
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
- Education and Research Unit, Childrens' Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ariela Giladi
- Faculty of Education, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Education, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Chang Q, Shi Y, Yao S, Ban X, Cai Z. Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Plans, and Suicide Attempts Among Children and Adolescents Under 18 years of Age in Mainland China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:2090-2102. [PMID: 37902618 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231205828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite suicide in younger population having become a severe public health issue, information on the prevalence of suicidality among Chinese children and adolescents is still limited. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts in Chinese children and adolescents aged under 18 years. A meta-analysis was conducted based on English and Chinese publications from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020 using random-effects models. Based on 132 eligible studies with a combined total of 1,103,309 Chinese children and adolescents below 18 years old, the pooled prevalence of the overall suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts were 15.4% (95% CI [14.3, 16.6]), 6.4% (95% CI [5.5, 7.4]) and 3.5% (95% CI [3.1, 4.1]), respectively. The subgroup analyses showed that there were significant variations of prevalence of suicidal risks across genders, school stages, and geographical areas in mainland China. It was the first systematic review and meta-analysis to show suicidality among younger population aged below 18 years is prevalent in mainland China. This study suggests that gender-age-region-specific prevention and intervention programs should be urgently needed to reduce suicidal risks among Chinese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Shi
- Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | | | | | - Ziyi Cai
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Newcastle University, UK
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6
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Tran T, Nguyen H, Shochet I, Nguyen N, La N, Wurfl A, Orr J, Nguyen H, Stocker R, Fisher J. Coping Self-Efficacy and Thoughts of Self-Harm Among Adolescents in Vietnam: A Longitudinal Study. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:1022-1034. [PMID: 37837377 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2265444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effect of coping self-efficacy on thoughts of self-harm among adolescents attending high school in Hanoi, Vietnam. Longitudinal data were collected using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised and the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale among 552 Year 10 students. The prevalence of thoughts of death and/or self-injury on at least 1 day in the past week was 16.9% at baseline and 14.5% at 8-month follow-up. When baseline coping self-efficacy was greater by one standard deviation, the odds of having thoughts of self-harm at follow-up were reduced by 42%. Our findings suggest that school-based programs that aim to strengthen coping strategies may be useful in preventing self-harm among adolescents.
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Richardson R, Connell T, Foster M, Blamires J, Keshoor S, Moir C, Zeng IS. Risk and Protective Factors of Self-harm and Suicidality in Adolescents: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1301-1322. [PMID: 38564099 PMCID: PMC11045640 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Suicide remains the second most common cause of death in young people aged 10-24 years and is a growing concern globally. The literature reports a vast number of factors that can predispose an adolescent to suicidality at an individual, relational, community, or societal level. There is limited high-level research identifying and understanding these risk and protective factors of adolescent suicidality. The present study used an umbrella review and meta-analysis to synthesize evidence from the review literature in the past 20 years on risk and protective factors of self-harm and suicidality (behavior and ideation) in adolescents. The umbrella review included 33 quantitative reviews with 1149 individual studies on suicidality and self-harm. Based on the data synthesis, it compared the public health impact of exposure on the population of the identified exposure. Bullying victimization was the most attributed environmental exposure for suicidality. The other identified significant school and individual factors were sleeping disturbance, school absenteeism, and exposure to antidepressants. Several significant vulnerable young populations were identified with significantly higher prevalence of suicidality, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (or questioning) youth and those with mental health disorders, problem behaviors, previous suicidality, self-harm, and gender (female). A person-centered approach emphasizing connectedness and bully-free school environments should be a priority focus for schools, health professionals, and public health policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Richardson
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Research Office, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Culture and Society, School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tanya Connell
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, School of Nursing, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mandie Foster
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, School of Nursing, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Midwifery and Nursing, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Julie Blamires
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, School of Nursing, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Smita Keshoor
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, School of Oral Health, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Moir
- Centre for Postgraduate Nursing Studies, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Irene Suilan Zeng
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Research Office, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Dumont R, Lorthe E, Richard V, Loizeau A, Fernandez G, De Ridder D, Pennacchio F, Lamour J, Zaballa ME, Baysson H, Posfay-Barbe KM, Barbe RP, Stringhini S, Guessous I. Prevalence of and risk factors for suicidal ideation in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Swiss Med Wkly 2024; 154:3461. [PMID: 38679958 DOI: 10.57187/s.3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pandemic-related life changes may have had a deleterious impact on suicidal behaviours. Early detection of suicidal ideation and identification of subgroups at increased risk could help prevent suicide, one of the leading causes of death among adolescents worldwide. Here, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for suicidal ideation in adolescents using a population-based sample from Switzerland, two years into the pandemic. METHODS Between December 2021 and June 2022, adolescents aged 14 to 17 years already enrolled in a population-based cohort study (State of Geneva, Switzerland) were asked about suicidal ideation over the previous year. In addition to a regression model, we conducted a network analysis of exposures which identified direct and indirect risk factors for suicidal ideation (i.e. those connected through intermediate risk factors) using mixed graphical models. RESULTS Among 492 adolescents, 14.4% (95% CI: 11.5-17.8) declared having experienced suicidal ideation over the previous year. Using network analysis, we found that high psychological distress, low self-esteem, identifying as lesbian, gay or bisexual, suffering from bullying, extensive screen time and a severe COVID-19 pandemic impact were major risk factors for suicidal ideation, with parent-adolescent relationship having the highest centrality strength in the network. CONCLUSION Our results show that a significant proportion of adolescents experience suicidal ideation, yet these rates are comparable with pre-pandemic results. Providing psychological support is fundamental, with a focus on improving parent-adolescent relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Dumont
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elsa Lorthe
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Richard
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Loizeau
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Fernandez
- Institute of Sociological Research, Faculty of Sociology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David De Ridder
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Group of Geographic Information Research and Analysis in Population Health, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Lamour
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - María-Eugenia Zaballa
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Helene Baysson
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Klara M Posfay-Barbe
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child, and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Remy P Barbe
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Woman, Child, and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- University Center for General Medicine and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Sourander A, Silwal S, Osokina O, Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki S, Hodes M, Skokauskas N. Suicidality and Self-Harm Behavior of Adolescents During the Early Phase of the War in Ukraine. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)00177-1. [PMID: 38575059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE War profoundly impacts people's lives, causing death, displacement, and psychological trauma, but research investigating suicidality of adolescents in this context has been limited. We compared suicidality or self-harm behavior among adolescents in regions that were, and were not, affected by Russia's initial invasion of Ukraine in 2014. METHOD This cross-sectional study comprised 2,752 school students aged 11 to 17 years from the war-affected Donetsk region and non-war Kirovograd region. Data collection occurred in 2016 and 2017 using self-report tools to assess suicidality or self-harm behavior; psychopathology including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety; and war trauma exposure. RESULTS Adolescent girls in the war-affected region reported more suicide attempts (9.5% vs 5.1%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.8), suicidal ideation (39.3% vs 19.6%; aOR 2.6, 95% CI 2.01-3.3), or self-harm behavior (19.6% vs 13.1%; aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.1), and boys reported more suicidal ideation (17.0% vs 9.8%; aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.4). Boys and girls with PTSD, depression, or anxiety showed increased risks for any suicidality or self-harm. A dose-effect relation was observed between war trauma exposure and suicidality or self-harm. The association was strongest for adolescents who had experienced 5 or more different war trauma exposures (aOR 3.2, 95% CI 2.2-4.8). CONCLUSION War trauma exposure and psychopathology were strongly associated with suicidality or self-harm behavior, with a greater impact in girls than boys. The high prevalence of suicidality found in this study emphasizes the need for intervention on a large scale for adolescents living in war situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Sourander
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, INVEST Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Sanju Silwal
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, INVEST Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olga Osokina
- Donetsk National Medical University, Kropyvnitskyi, Ukraine; Kyiv Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Norbert Skokauskas
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, IPH, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Ghadipasha M, Talaie R, Mahmoodi Z, Karimi SE, Forouzesh M, Morsalpour M, Mahdavi SA, Mousavi SS, Ashrafiesfahani S, Kordrostami R, Dadashzadehasl N. Spatial, geographic, and demographic factors associated with adolescent and youth suicide: a systematic review study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1261621. [PMID: 38404471 PMCID: PMC10893588 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1261621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is a public health issue and a main cause of mortality among adolescents and the youth worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Objectives The present research is a systematic review aiming to investigate the spatial, geographical, and demographic factors related to suicide among adolescents and the youth. Methods In this systematic review, two researchers examined PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases on December 7th, 2022 with no time limits from the beginning of publication until 2022 to identify the primary studies on spatial and geographic analysis on adolescent and youth suicides. Once duplicate studies were identified and removed, the titles and abstracts of studies were examined and irrelevant studies were also removed. Finally, 22 studies were reviewed based on the inclusion criteria. Results Our findings show that suicide rates are generally higher among men, residents of rural and less densely populated regions, coastal and mountainous regions, natives, 15-29 age group, less privileged populations with social fragmentation, unemployed, divorced or lonely people, those who live in single parent families, people with mental health issues, and those with low levels of education. Conclusions Stronger evidence supports the effects of geographic and demographic variables on youth and adolescent suicide rates as compared with spatial variables. These findings suggest that policy makers take spatial and demographic factors into consideration when health systems allocate resources for suicide prevention, and that national policymakers integrate demographic and geographic variables into health service programs. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023430994.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Ghadipasha
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Talaie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mahmoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Salah Eddin Karimi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Forouzesh
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Morsalpour
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Roya Kordrostami
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Ma Z, Zhou HX, Chen DC, Wang DM, Zhang XY. Association between suicidal behavior and impaired glucose metabolism in first-episode drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110900. [PMID: 38007210 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) patients have been reported to have comorbid suicidal behavior (SB) and impaired glucose metabolism in early psychosis, but it is unclear whether impaired glucose metabolism plays a role in the occurrence of SB in patients with first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) SZ. Therefore, our main aim was to examine the relationship between SB and glucose metabolism in FEDN SZ patients. METHODS We recruited 319 FEDN SZ patients and collected information on their sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data, and glucose metabolism parameters. Participants' psychotic and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), respectively. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were also measured. RESULTS The percentage of FEDN SZ patients with SB was 45.5% (145/319). Compared to SZ patients without SB, SZ patients with SB exhibited higher scores on HAMD, PANSS positive subscale, as well as higher levels of fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (all p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that increased levels of insulin resistance (adjusted OR = 1.920), body mass index (adjusted OR = 0.931), and PANSS general psychopathology (adjusted OR = 1.041) were independently associated with SB. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve showed an Area Under Curve value of 0.732 for the combination of three factors in regression model to distinguish between SB and non-SB. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance are strongly associated with SB in FEDN SZ patients, suggesting that glucose metabolism abnormalities may be potential biomarkers of SB in SZ patients. Regular monitoring of glucose metabolism variables is essential for suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Xia Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Chun Chen
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Núñez D, Gaete J, Guajardo V, Libuy N, Araneda AM, Contreras L, Donoso P, Ibañez C, Mundt AP. Brief Report: The Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Suicide-Related Behaviors Among 10th-Grade Secondary School Students. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:399-410. [PMID: 36330838 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2134067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The association between adverse childhood experiences and suicide-related behaviors (SRB) of adolescents has been widely studied in Western high-income countries, but not yet in Latin America. The aim of this study was to determine this association and to explore a dose-response relationship between adverse childhood experiences and SRB in Chile. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess adverse childhood experiences up to 1 year prior to the survey and SRB (suicide ideation and attempts) in a sample of secondary school students. Multilevel and multivariable logistic regressions were run with SRB as dependent and adverse childhood experiences as independent variables, adjusted by self-esteem, general mental health, friend and parental support, and the age at onset of cannabis and alcohol use. We included 7,458 adolescents (48.7% girls), mean age = 16.0 (SD = 0.7), and found a prevalence of 78.1% for at least one adverse childhood experience. The 6-month prevalence of suicidal ideation was 18.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.2%-19.0%), and the prevalence of suicide attempts was 5.0% (95% CI: 4.6-5.6). Among all adverse childhood experiences, only sexual abuse was a risk factor for both SRB. We also found an independent effect of the total number of adverse childhood experiences on suicidal ideation (p < .001) and on suicide attempts (p < .001). Additionally, ages at onset of alcohol and cannabis use were associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts, respectively. This is the first study exploring the influence of adverse childhood experiences on suicide-related behaviors in adolescents from Latin America.HIGHLIGHTSSexual abuse is associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in 10th-grade secondary school studentsThere is a dose-response effect between adverse childhood experiences and suicide-related behaviorAges at onset of alcohol and cannabis use were associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts, respectively.
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13
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Ding L, Liu Y, Liu X. Risk Factors of Suicide Attempt among Adolescents with Suicide Ideation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries across the Globe. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2023; 44:1209-1215. [PMID: 37832147 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2258219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a serious public health problem for adolescents. Based on the framework of ideation-to-action, it is important to examine the factors associated with the translation from suicide ideation to suicide attempt. The present study aimed to investigate the risk factors of suicide attempts among adolescents with suicide ideation in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We analyzed data of students aged 12-18 years who participated in the 2009-2013 Global School-based Health Surveys (GSHS) in 39 LMICs. The Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of suicide attempts among participants with suicide ideation, the multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify significant factors associated with suicide attempts among suicide ideators. Among 22,655 adolescents with suicide ideation, 55.1% of them reported having made a suicide attempt in the past year. Loneliness, anxiety, alcohol use, and drug use were risk factors for suicide attempts among suicide ideators. Strategies should be implemented to reduce the likelihood of adolescents acting on their suicidal thoughts, such as community psychological crisis line, school-based mental health and skills training programs, and family support for adolescents with psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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14
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Vally Z, Helmy M. The prevalence of suicidal behaviour and its associated risk factors among school-going adolescents resident in the United Arab Emirates. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19937. [PMID: 37968503 PMCID: PMC10651901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicidal behaviour which includes suicidal ideation, having a plan to commit suicide and suicide attempts remains a global public health issue as it substantially impacts adolescent health and wellbeing. Suicidal behaviour, however, remains understudied in Middle Eastern contexts. This study analysed data from the 2016 Global School-based Student Health Survey collected in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A sample of 5826 adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years were sampled. Potential risk factors associated with an elevated risk for engagement in suicidal behaviour were examined. These factors were stratified into categories for analysis (demographics, psychosocial, risky health, and socio-environmental). The age-adjusted prevalence of suicidal behaviour amongst the school-going adolescent population in the UAE was 54%. Analyses indicated that elevated risk was significantly associated with anxiety difficulties, the experience of loneliness, and amongst those who smoked tobacco. None of the socio-environmental factors emerged as significant. A dose-dependent relationship was evident in that the degree of risk that was evident appeared to compound as the number of adverse risk factors increased. The data suggest that suicidal behaviour may be highly prevalent in this location. Findings highlight the immense need to develop preventative interventions, some of which may be school-delivered and targeted at parents. Our findings provide initial indications as to which risk factors could be targeted for remediation in developing these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Vally
- Department of Clinical Psychology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P. O. Box 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mai Helmy
- Department of Psychology, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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15
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Ebalu TI, Kearns JC, Ouermi L, Bountogo M, Sié A, Bärnighausen T, Harling G. Prevalence and correlates of adolescent self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: A population-based study in Burkina Faso. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1626-1635. [PMID: 37329143 PMCID: PMC10657509 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231175778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) are a growing concern among youth in sub-Saharan Africa, but their prevalence and correlates in this region are poorly understood. We therefore examined self-reported SITBs in a population-representative sample of youth in rural Burkina Faso. We used interviews from 1,538 adolescents aged 12 to 20 years living in 10 villages and 1 town in northwestern Burkina Faso. Adolescents were asked about their experiences with suicidal and nonsuicidal SITBs, adverse environmental factors, psychiatric symptoms, and interpersonal-social experiences. SITBs included lifetime prevalence of life is not worth living, passive suicide ideation, active suicide ideation, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). After describing SITB prevalence, we ran logistic and negative binomial regression models to predict SITBs. Weighted lifetime SITB prevalence estimates were: 15.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.7-18.0) for NSSI; 15.1% (95% CI: [13.2, 17.0]) for life is not worth living; 5.0% (95% CI [3.9, 6.0]) for passive suicide ideation; and 2.3% (95% CI [1.6, 3.0]) for active suicide ideation. Prevalence of life is not worth living increased with age. All four SITBs were significantly positively associated with mental health symptoms (depression symptoms, probable posttraumatic stress disorder) and interpersonal-social experiences (peer and social connectedness, physical assault, sexual assault and unwanted sexual experiences). Females were significantly more likely to report that their life was not worth living compared to males (aOR = 0.68; 95% CI [0.48, 0.96]). There is a high prevalence of SITBs among youth in rural Burkina Faso, most notably NSSI and life is not worth living, with interpersonal-social factors being the strongest predictors. Our results highlight the need for longitudinal SITB assessment to understand how risk for SITBs operates in resource-constrained settings, and to design interventions to mitigate risk. Given low school enrollment in rural Burkina Faso, it will be important to consider youth suicide prevention and mental health initiatives that are not school-based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracie I Ebalu
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ali Sié
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Institute of Global Health, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Germany
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guy Harling
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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16
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Gupta S, Basera D. Youth Suicide in India: A Critical Review and Implication for the National Suicide Prevention Policy. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023; 88:245-273. [PMID: 34505537 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211045169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Youth suicide is a significant public health problem in Low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), including India. It is a distinct phenomenon with various bio-psycho-social determinants. Despite this, comprehensive literature on this topic is lacking from India. Thus, the current paper aimed to review the available literature on youth-suicide from India and other LMIC, discusses the contentious issues, including potential solutions for the possible roadblocks, and provides recommendations for the national suicide-prevention policy and strategy (NSPPS) in the Indian context. We found that the magnitude of youth suicide in India is substantial with the distinct bio-psycho-social determinants. Although, youth-specific suicide prevention and therapeutic intervention do exist; its feasibility and effectivity in the Indian context are yet to be established. The is an urgent need for the NSPPS; experiences from other LMIC should be incorporated while framing such policies. More research is required from India in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehil Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh), India
| | - Devendra Basera
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh), India
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17
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Rahman MA, Kundu S, Christopher E, Ahinkorah BO, Okyere J, Uddin R, Mahumud RA. Emerging burdens of adolescent psychosocial health problems: a population-based study of 202 040 adolescents from 68 countries. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e188. [PMID: 37840318 PMCID: PMC10617497 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial health problems are major public health burdens for adolescents. Identifying risk factors is essential to containing negative health implications. AIMS This study aimed to estimate the burden of psychosocial health problems among adolescents, and identify potential risk and protective factors. METHOD We used the Global School-based Student Health Survey data from 68 countries across six World Health Organization regions. We computed the overall, national- and regional-level weighted estimates of the mean number of psychosocial health problems. Adjusted Poisson regression models examined the factors associated with psychosocial health problems. RESULTS Our sample totalled 202 040 adolescents aged 11-17 years (mean age 14.6 [s.d. 1.18] years), composed of 95 589 (47.31%) boys and 104 191 (51.57%) girls (2260 (1.12%) missing answers). Samoa had the highest mean number of psychosocial health problems (mean 2.64 [s.d. 1.41]), and Niue had the lowest (mean 0.33 [s.d. 0.72]). In the pooled analysis, the following factors were associated with higher rates of psychosocial health problems in adolescents globally: ≥13 years of age, being female, experiencing food insecurity, experiencing physical violence, having been bullied, engagement in physical altercation, experiencing serious injury, missing school without parental permission, lack of parental support or monitoring, parents who were not understanding of their child's problems and high sedentary behaviour. Being female, food insecurity, bullying, physical attacks or serious injury were all significantly associated with higher rates of psychosocial health problems in each of the six regions separately. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of psychosocial health problems is high among adolescents, although there are country-level variations. Health promotion strategies should consider the identified factors to promote adolescents' health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satyajit Kundu
- Global Health Institute, North South University, Bangladesh; and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
| | - Enryka Christopher
- Trauma and Community Resilience Center, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Joshua Okyere
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Riaz Uddin
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- Health Economics and Health Technology Unit, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
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18
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Basta M, Skourti E, Simos P, Soumaki E, Li Y, Gerostergios G, Samiotakis G, Dafermos V, Drakaki M, Papadakis N, Vgontzas AN. Associations between sleep complaints, suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms among adolescents and young adults in Greece. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13900. [PMID: 37039423 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Depression prevalence increases significantly during adolescence/early adulthood. Depression in youth may present suicidal ideation, while suicide represents the leading cause of death in this age group. Moreover, adolescents/young adults frequently report sleep complaints that may partially be due to depressive symptoms. Studies on the associations between depression, sleep complaints and suicidality in this age group are limited. We aimed to examine associations between depressive symptoms, sleep complaints and suicidal ideation in a large (n = 2771), representative sample of adolescents (age: 15-17 years, n = 512) and young adults (age: 18-24 years, n = 2259) from the general population in Greece. A telephone structured questionnaire was administered. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the modified Patient Health-7 questionnaire score, while presence of suicidal ideation and sleep complaints were assessed using the ninth and third question of Patient Health-9 questionnaire, respectively. Mediation logistic regression analysis revealed significant direct paths from depressive symptoms to sleep complaints (odds ratio [OR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-1.24; OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.18-1.24) and suicidal ideation (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.14-1.22; OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.14-1.22), as well as sleep complaints and suicidal ideation (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.32-2.50; OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.33-2.76) in the total group and in young adults, respectively, but not among adolescents. Moreover, we detected a significant indirect effect of depressive symptoms on suicidal ideation mediated by sleep complaints (18.8%) in young adults. These findings support the hypothesis that treatment of sleep disturbances among youth with depression may independently further reduce suicidal risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Basta
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - E Skourti
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - P Simos
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Computational Biomedicine Lab, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - E Soumaki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Y Li
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - G Gerostergios
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - G Samiotakis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - V Dafermos
- Department of Political Science, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
| | - M Drakaki
- Department of Political Science, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
| | - N Papadakis
- Department of Political Science, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
| | - A N Vgontzas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Smith L, López Sánchez GF, Oh H, Rahmati M, Tully MA, Yon DK, Butler L, Barnett Y, Ball G, Shin JI, Koyanagi A. Association between food insecurity and depressive symptoms among adolescents aged 12-15 years from 22 low- and middle-income countries. Psychiatry Res 2023; 328:115485. [PMID: 37729716 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Food insecurity may be a risk factor for depression in adolescents. However, data on this topic from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are scarce, despite food insecurity being most common in LMICs. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between food-insecurity and depressive symptoms among school-going adolescents from 22 LMICs. Cross-sectional data from the Global school-based Student Health Survey were analyzed. Self-report measures assessed past 12-month depressive symptoms and past 30-day food insecurity (hunger). Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis were conducted to assess associations. Data on 48,401 adolescents aged 12-15 years were analyzed [mean (SD) age 13.8 (0.9) years; 51.4 % females]. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 29.3 %, and those of moderate and severe food insecurity were 45.0 and 6.3 %, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to no food insecurity, the pooled OR (95 %CI) of moderate and severe food insecurity were 1.36 (1.30-1.42) and 1.81 (1.67-1.97), respectively. The level of between-country heterogeneity was low. Food insecurity was associated with significantly higher odds for depressive symptoms among adolescents in LMICs. Policies to address food insecurity may also help prevent depression in this population, pending future longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guillermo F López Sánchez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran; Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Laurie Butler
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yvonne Barnett
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham Ball
- Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Severance Underwood Meta-research Center, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Zhang J, Liang S, Liu X, Li D, Zhou F, Xiao L, Liu J, Sha S. Factors associated with suicidal attempts in female patients with mood disorder. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1157606. [PMID: 37818303 PMCID: PMC10560740 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1157606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to establish a nomogram model to predict the relevance of SA in Chinese female patients with mood disorder (MD). Method The study included 396 female participants who were diagnosed with MD Diagnostic Group (F30-F39) according to the 10th Edition of Disease and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Assessing the differences of demographic information and clinical characteristics between the two groups. LASSO Logistic Regression Analyses was used to identify the risk factors of SA. A nomogram was further used to construct a prediction model. Bootstrap re-sampling was used to internally validate the final model. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and C-index was also used to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model. Result LASSO regression analysis showed that five factors led to the occurrence of suicidality, including BMI (β = -0.02, SE = 0.02), social dysfunction (β = 1.72, SE = 0.24), time interval between first onset and first dose (β = 0.03, SE = 0.01), polarity at onset (β = -1.13, SE = 0.25), and times of hospitalization (β = -0.11, SE = 0.06). We assessed the ability of the nomogram model to recognize suicidality, with good results (AUC = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.71-0.80). Indicating that the nomogram had a good consistency (C-index: 0.756, 95% CI: 0.750-0.758). The C-index of bootstrap resampling with 100 replicates for internal validation was 0.740, which further demonstrated the excellent calibration of predicted and observed risks. Conclusion Five factors, namely BMI, social dysfunction, time interval between first onset and first dose, polarity at onset, and times of hospitalization, were found to be significantly associated with the development of suicidality in patients with MD. By incorporating these factors into a nomogram model, we can accurately predict the risk of suicide in MD patients. It is crucial to closely monitor clinical factors from the beginning and throughout the course of MD in order to prevent suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sixiang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Sha
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Luo X, Yu T, Yang Z, Wang D. Psychotic-Like Experiences and Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents: The Chain Mediating Role of Insomnia Symptoms and Resilience. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3519-3530. [PMID: 37675191 PMCID: PMC10478937 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s426363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals who experience psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are at significant risk of suicide-related behaviors. This two-wave longitudinal study aimed to investigate the relationships among PLEs, insomnia symptoms, resilience, and suicidal ideation (SI) among adolescents. Methods A total of 2231 college students [mean age (standard deviation) = 20.02 (1.39) years] completed two web-based surveys. Participants completed self-report measures of sample characteristics, PLEs, insomnia symptoms, resilience, and SI. Results The findings indicated a significantly positive correlation between PLEs and SI that was sequentially mediated by insomnia symptoms and resilience. Furthermore, insomnia symptoms and resilience played a chain-mediating role between PLEs and adolescent SI. Conclusion These findings suggest potential mechanism for the PLEs-SI link, which helps us better understand how PLEs can influence individual SI and provides important information for early prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Taowen Yu
- Department of Applied Psychology, Changsha Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zilu Yang
- College of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Seekles ML, Briegal E, Biggane AM, Obasi AI. Measuring alcohol use among adolescents in Africa: A systematic scoping review of consumption, screening and assessment tools. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:1375-1394. [PMID: 37439392 PMCID: PMC10946979 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
ISSUES Globally, adolescent drinking is a major public health concern. Alcohol measurements are influenced by local consumption practices, patterns and perceptions of alcohol-related harm. This is the first review to examine what tools are used to measure alcohol consumption, or screen for or assess harmful use in African adolescents, and how these tools take into account the local context. APPROACH A systematic scoping review was conducted in line with the Arksey and O'Malley framework. A search in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Global Health and the Cochrane Database covered the period of 2000-2020. KEY FINDINGS The search identified 121 papers across 25 African countries. A range of single- and multi-item tools were identified. Very few adaptations of existing questions were specified, and this search identified no tools developed by local researchers that were fundamentally different from established tools often designed in the USA or Europe. Inconsistencies were found in the use of cut-off scores; many studies used adult cut-off scores. IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSION The possible impact of African drinking practices and culture on the accuracy of alcohol screening tools is currently unknown, but is also not taken into account by most research. This, in combination with a limited geographical distribution of alcohol-related research across the continent and inconsistent use of age- and gender-specific cut-off scores, points towards probable inaccuracies in current data on adolescent alcohol use in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike L. Seekles
- Department of International Public HealthLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - Eleanor Briegal
- Department of International Public HealthLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - Alice M. Biggane
- Department of International Public HealthLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - Angela I. Obasi
- Department of International Public HealthLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
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23
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Win TZ, Kamiya Y, Sheng Ng CF, Smith C, Han SM. Lifestyle Risk Behaviours and Nutritional Status Associated with Mental Health Problems among Myanmar Adolescents: Secondary Analysis of a Nationwide 2016 School Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6660. [PMID: 37681800 PMCID: PMC10487820 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Engaging in unhealthy lifestyles may be considered a risk factor for mental health problems, but there is limited evidence. This study aimed to identify the relationship between unhealthy lifestyles and mental health problems among Myanmar school-going adolescents. Global School Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) data from 2838 school-going adolescents from Myanmar were analysed. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied. After adjusting for confounding variables, adolescents who were seated for more than three hours per day had higher odds of loneliness, anxiety-induced sleep disturbance, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts compared to others. Moreover, students who ate fruit less than one time per day were more likely to experience anxiety-induced sleep disturbance and suicidal ideation. Being a current drinker was significantly associated with suicidal ideation and attempt. Obese students were more likely to feel lonely compared to normal weight students. Our study indicates there is a strong association between unhealthy lifestyle behaviours and mental health problems among school adolescents in Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Zar Win
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.Z.W.); (Y.K.); (C.F.S.N.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Yasuhiko Kamiya
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.Z.W.); (Y.K.); (C.F.S.N.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.Z.W.); (Y.K.); (C.F.S.N.); (S.M.H.)
- Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Chris Smith
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.Z.W.); (Y.K.); (C.F.S.N.); (S.M.H.)
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Su Myat Han
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.Z.W.); (Y.K.); (C.F.S.N.); (S.M.H.)
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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24
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Smith L, López Sánchez GF, Tully MA, Jacob L, Kostev K, Oh H, Butler L, Barnett Y, Shin JI, Koyanagi A. Temporal Trends in Food Insecurity (Hunger) among School-Going Adolescents from 31 Countries from Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Nutrients 2023; 15:3226. [PMID: 37513642 PMCID: PMC10385660 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Temporal trends of food insecurity among adolescents are largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to examine this trend among school-going adolescents aged 12-15 years from 31 countries in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. (2) Methods: Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2003-2017 were analyzed in 193,388 students [mean (SD) age: 13.7 (1.0) years; 49.0% boys]. The prevalence and 95%CI of moderate (rarely/sometimes hungry), severe (most of the time/always hungry), and any (moderate or severe) food insecurity (past 30-day) was calculated for each survey. Crude linear trends in food insecurity were assessed by linear regression models. (3) Results: The mean prevalence of any food insecurity was 52.2% (moderate 46.5%; severe 5.7%). Significant increasing and decreasing trends of any food insecurity were found in seven countries each. A sizeable decrease and increase were observed in Benin (71.2% in 2009 to 49.2% in 2016) and Mauritius (25.0% in 2011 to 43.6% in 2017), respectively. Severe food insecurity increased in countries such as Vanuatu (4.9% in 2011 to 8.4% in 2016) and Mauritius (3.5% in 2011 to 8.2% in 2017). The rate of decrease was modest in most countries with a significant decreasing trend, while many countries with stable trends showed consistently high prevalence of food insecurity. (4) Conclusion: Global action is urgently required to address food insecurity among adolescents, as our data show that achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 to end hunger and all forms of malnutrition by 2030 would be difficult without strong global commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Guillermo F López Sánchez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Karel Kostev
- University Clinic of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Laurie Butler
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Yvonne Barnett
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Osei Bonsu E, Afetor M, Munkaila L, Okwei R, Nachibi SU, Adjei BN, Frimpong E, Arimiyaw AW, Adu C, Peprah P. Association of food insecurity and sleep difficulty among 189,619 school-going adolescents: a study from the global in-school students survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1212254. [PMID: 37501946 PMCID: PMC10369053 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1212254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescents' sleep disturbances are associated with chronic and dramatic physical, emotional, and mental development and school performance consequences. Although food insecurity could significantly contribute to these effects, few studies have explored the effect of food insecurity on sleep disturbances among adolescents. The study aimed to examine the relationship between adolescents' food insecurity and sleep disturbance. Methods Data on 189,619 adolescents were drawn from the cross-sectional global adolescent health surveys conducted between 2015 and 2018 in 35 countries and territories. Univariate and multivariable multinomial regression models were fitted to examine the hypothesized associations. Results Overall pooled prevalence of moderate [45.2% (95%CI = 43-47)] and severe [5.8% (95%CI = 5-6)] food insecurity levels were reported. About [52.6% (95%CI = 51-54)] moderate and [8.6% (95%CI = 8-9)] severe worry-induced sleep disturbances were found. Considering the fully adjusted multinomial logistic model, moderate food insecurity was significantly associated with moderate (AOR = 1.70 CI = 1.59-1.81; p < 0.0001) and severe (AOR = 1.63 CI = 1.42-1.87; p < 0.0001) sleep disturbances. Also, adolescents reporting severe levels of food insecurity had moderate (AOR = 1.88 CI = 1.68-2.11; p < 0.0001) and severe (AOR = 4.07 CI = 4.74-6.11; p < 0.0001) sleep disturbances. Females and those aged between 15 and 17 years and 18 or more were at higher risk of moderate and severe sleep disturbances in the context of food insecurity. Conclusion Reducing food insecurity could be an effective policy strategy for enhancing adolescent sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Osei Bonsu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Maxwell Afetor
- Department of Health Information, Ho Polyclinic, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lambongang Munkaila
- Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Reforce Okwei
- Department of Geography, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
| | | | - Benjamin Noble Adjei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eric Frimpong
- Audiology Unit, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Abdul Wahid Arimiyaw
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Collins Adu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Center for Social Research in Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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26
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Peprah P, Asare BYA, Nyadanu SD, Asare-Doku W, Adu C, Peprah J, Osafo J, Kretchy IA, Gyasi RM. Bullying Victimization and Suicidal Behavior among adolescents in 28 Countries and Territories: A Moderated Mediation Model. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:110-117. [PMID: 36925410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have increasingly shown the adverse effects of being bullied on suicidal behavior among young people, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. We examined the association between bullying and suicidal behavior among in-school adolescents. We further tested whether loneliness mediated the link between bullying and suicidal behavior and explored the moderated role of parental involvement in this association. METHODS We used cross-sectional school-based data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey among 28 countries and territories. Adjusted, modified Poisson regressions with robust variance relative risks and moderation analyses were used to examine associations among bullying, suicidal behavior, and parental involvement. The mediating effect of loneliness on the bullying-suicidal behavior link was assessed using the generalized decomposition method. RESULTS A total of 78,558 school-going adolescents participated in this study. Bullying was associated with a 44% increased risk of suicidal behavior after adjusting for potential confounders (relative risk = 1.44; 95% confidence interval = 1.39-1.48). Loneliness partially mediated the association between bullying and suicidal behavior, and parental involvement moderated the association. DISCUSSION The findings suggest the need to recognize the dual burden of bullying and loneliness when addressing suicidal behavior and the importance of parental support in adolescents' mental health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah Asare
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia; Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Winifred Asare-Doku
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Suicide and Violence Research (CSVR), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Collins Adu
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Disability Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Center for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Peprah
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Joseph Osafo
- Centre for Suicide and Violence Research (CSVR), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon
| | - Irene A Kretchy
- Centre for Suicide and Violence Research (CSVR), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Razak M Gyasi
- African Population and Health Research Center, Manga Close, Nairobi, Kenya
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27
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Sarfo JO, Amoadu M, Obeng P, Gbordzoe NI, Debrah TP, Ofori COB, Hagan JE. Suicidal Behaviour among School-Going Adolescents in Saint Lucia: Analysis of Prevalence and Associated Factors. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:535. [PMID: 37503982 PMCID: PMC10376735 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide poses a debilitating threat to adolescents' lives worldwide. Although suicide prevention efforts are evident globally, there is limited evidence on the prevalence and correlations of suicidal behaviour among school-going adolescents in Saint Lucia. We used a dataset from the 2018 Global School-based Student Health Survey to examine the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviour among 1864 students from schools in Saint Lucia. Prevalence rates of 25.5%, 22.1%, and 17.5% were found for suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt, respectively. After adjusting for other factors, being male and having understanding parents were protective against suicidal behaviour. However, suicidal ideation was predicted by being physically attacked and bullied, parental guidance, tobacco use, loneliness, and worry. Moreover, being a victim of physical attacks and bullying, having close friends, being lonely, and worrying were predictive of making suicidal plans among adolescents. Attempting suicide was predicted by cigarette smoking, current use of tobacco and related products, bullying, having close friends, being lonely, and worrying. School-based preventive interventions are required to help address triggers of suicidal behaviour among adolescents in Saint Lucia and to help attain the targets for suicide prevention in the global Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Owusu Sarfo
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB TF0494, Ghana
| | - Mustapha Amoadu
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB TF0494, Ghana
| | - Paul Obeng
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB TF0494, Ghana
| | | | - Timothy Pritchard Debrah
- Department of Nursing, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, Kumasi 00233, Ghana
| | | | - John Elvis Hagan
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB TF0494, Ghana
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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28
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Maurya C, Muhammad T, Thakkar S. Examining the relationship between risky sexual behavior and suicidal thoughts among unmarried adolescents in India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7733. [PMID: 37173519 PMCID: PMC10182050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Addressing the problem of suicidal thoughts in adolescents requires understanding the associated risk factors. Multiple studies have shown that risky sexual behavior affected the adolescents' psychological health that leads to their suicidal thoughts, behaviors and attempts. This study aimed to identify the association between various risky sexual behaviours and suicidal thoughts among unmarried adolescents in India. We used data collected from 4221 unmarried adolescent boys and 5987 unmarried adolescent girls aged 10-19 years, from the two rounds of the Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA) survey. Descriptive analysis was done to observe changes in the selected variables from wave-1 to wave-2. Random effect regression analysis was used to estimate the association of suicidal thoughts among unmarried adolescents with their risky sexual behaviours. The percentage of adolescent boys having suicidal thoughts increased from 1.35% in wave 1 to 2.19% in wave 2. Among adolescent girls, the percentage increased from 2.92% in wave 1 to 5.05% in wave 2. A proportion of 3.26% adolescent boys had more than one sexual partner during wave 1 whereas in wave 2, it rose to 8.71%, while in case of adolescent girls, the estimates only increased from 0.26% at wave 1 to 0.78% at wave 2. Nearly 4.55% boys and 1.37% girls had early sexual debut. Almost five percentage boys were sexually active at wave 1 whereas in wave 2, it rose to 13.56%, while among adolescent girls, the estimates decreased from 1.54% at wave 1 to 1.51% at wave 2. Contraceptive use increased over time among both adolescent boy and girls. Also, a large proportion of adolescent boys reported watching pornography (27.08% at waive 1 and 49.39% at wave 2) compared to adolescent girls (4.46% at wave 1 and 13.10% at wave 2). Adolescents who had more than one sexual partner [Coef: 0.04; p < 0.001], exposed to early sexual debut [Coef; 0.019; p < 0.01], sexually active [Coef: 0.058; p < 0.001] and reported watching pornography [Coef: 0.017; p < 0.001] were more likely to have suicidal thoughts. Adolescent boys and girls with risky sexual behaviors are likely to be at a higher risk of suicidal ideation, and thus, they should be treated with special care and attention by local healthcare practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanda Maurya
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - T Muhammad
- Department of Family and Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
| | - Shriya Thakkar
- Department of Sociology, Louisiana State University, 26, Stubbs Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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29
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Liu J, Zhao K, Zhou S, Hong L, Xu Y, Sun S, Tong S, Huang L, Liu J, Wang J, Li N, Lou M, Tang W, Cai Z. Suicidal ideation in Chinese adults with schizophrenia: associations with neurocognitive function and empathy. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:311. [PMID: 37138258 PMCID: PMC10155378 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation is common among people diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and may be related to neurocognitive, social cognitive, and clinical variables. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between suicidal ideation and both neurocognitive function and empathy. METHODS The sample for this cross-sectional study comprised 301 schizophrenic patients aged 18-44 years. All participants were administered the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation-Chinese Version (BSI-CV), the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The demographic and clinical data of the patients were also collected. RESULTS In total, 82 patients reported suicidal ideation. Compared to patients without suicidal ideation, patients with suicidal ideation showed significant differences in the IRI-Personal Distress subscale, PANSS-General Psychopathology symptom scores, and suicide attempts. Moreover, there were moderating effects of neurocognitive function and empathy on the relationship between suicide attempts and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the personal distress component of empathy, general psychopathology symptoms and suicide attempts are independent risk factors for suicidal ideation in Chinese adults with schizophrenia. Moreover, neurocognitive function may also be related to suicidal ideation through a moderating relationship. In order to reduce suicidal ideation among patients with schizophrenia, early screening of empathy and neurocognitive function is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Lishui Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Siyao Zhou
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan Hong
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Xu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyu Sun
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyu Tong
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liandan Huang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Liu
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengbei Lou
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Tang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, 325000, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Zhengmao Cai
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, 325000, Wenzhou, China.
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30
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Sultana M, Gow J, Mosharaf P, Rahman H, Koly KN, Rahman MA, Huq N, Rawal LB, Kumar M, Mahumud RA. Parental role and peer support in adolescent suicidal behavior in eight South-East Asian countries. J Affect Disord 2023; 332:221-230. [PMID: 37019389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of suicidal behaviors, i.e. suicidal ideation (SI), suicidal plan (SP), and suicidal attempt (SA) among adolescents with a focus on parental and peer support in eight South-East Asian countries including Bangladesh, Bhutan, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand. METHOD Data were drawn from Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) covering 42,888 adolescents aged 11-17 years. Weighted prevalence of SI, SP, and SA along with country specific prevalence was computed and binary logistic regression was used to identify associated risk factors. RESULTS Among 42,888 adolescents 19,113 (44.9 %) were males and 23,441 (55.1 %) females. Overall prevalence of SI, SP and SA is 9.10 %, 10.42 % and 8.54 %, respectively. Myanmar demonstrated the lowest SI (1.07 %) and SP (0.18 %) whereas lowest SA was found in Indonesia (3.79 %). Maldives had the highest prevalence of SI, SP and SA which were 14.13 %, 19.02 % and 13.38 % respectively. Overall suicidal behaviors were associated with being female [AOR:SI-1.26(1.06,1.50), SP-1.34(1.14,1.57),], high levels of sedentary behavior [AOR:SI-2.08(1.62,2.66), SP-1.86(1.49,2.32), SA-1.96(1.45,2.64)], involvement in physical fighting [AOR:SI-1.30(1.07,1.58), SP-1.37(1.14,1.65), SA-1.50(1.17,1.90)], being seriously injured [AOR:SI-1.40(1.17,1.67), SP-1.44(1.22,1.69), SA-1.74(1.39,2.17)], being bullied [AOR:SI- 1.68(1.39,2.02), SP-1.34(1.12,1.60), SA-1.88(1.50,2.36)], feeling lonely(most of time or always) [AOR:SI-3.41(2.60,4.46), SP-1.92(1.48,2.47), SA-2.25(1.62,3.13)], lack of parental support(never checking homework) [AOR:SI-1.59(1.25,2.02), SP-1.52(1.22,1.90)] and not having close friends [AOR:SI-2.19(1.66,2.89), SP-2.26(1.74,2.94), SA-4.23(3.10,5.78)]. CONCLUSION Though prevalence of suicidal behaviors varies, a range of cross-cutting risk factors exists that warrant further examination. We recommend focusing on strengthening parental and peer support, targeted programs addressing physical activity, bullying, loneliness and mental-health of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moomtahin Sultana
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Jeff Gow
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia; School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Parvez Mosharaf
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Upazilla Health and Family Planning Officer's Office, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun N Koly
- Health System and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashfikur Rahman
- Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Nafisa Huq
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lal B Rawal
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, College of Science and Sustainability, Central Queensland University, Australia
| | - Manasi Kumar
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University and University of Kenya, Kenya
| | - Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Shirima J, Mhando L, Mavura R, Mboya IB, Ngocho JS. Suicidal Attempts among Secondary School-Going Adolescents in Kilimanjaro Region, Northern Tanzania. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13040288. [PMID: 37102802 PMCID: PMC10136214 DOI: 10.3390/bs13040288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide attempts among adolescents are common and can lead to death. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with suicide attempts among secondary school-going adolescents in the Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania. The study used data from two repeated regional school-based student health surveys (RSHS), conducted in 2019 (Survey 1) and 2022 (Survey 2). Data were analyzed for secondary school students aged 13 to 17 years from four districts of the Kilimanjaro region. The study included 4188 secondary school-going adolescents: 3182 in Survey 1 and 1006 in Survey 2. The mean age in Survey 1 was 14 years and the median age in Survey 2 was 17 years (p < 0.001). The overall prevalence of suicide attempts was 3.3% (3.0% in Survey 1 and 4.2% in Survey 2). Female adolescents had higher odds of suicide attempts (aOR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.2–5.5), as did those who felt lonely (aOR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.0–3.6), had ever been worried (aOR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.0–3.5), or had ever been bullied (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.1). Suicidal attempts are prevalent among secondary school-going adolescents in the Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania. In-school programs should be established to prevent such attempts.
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Ongeri L, Theuri C, Nyawira M, Penninx BWJH, Tijdink JK, Kariuki SM, Newton CRJC. Risk of suicidality in mental and neurological disorders in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 123:152382. [PMID: 36905857 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both fatal and nonfatal suicidal behaviours are important complications of mental, neurological, and substance use disorders (MNSDs) worldwide. We aimed at quantifying the association of suicidal behaviour with MNSDs in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) where varying environmental and socio-cultural factors may impact outcome. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to report the associations between MNSDs and suicidality in LMICs and the study-level factors of these associations. We searched the following electronic databases: PUBMED, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, World Cat, and Cochrane library for studies on suicide risk in MNSDs, with a comparison/control group of persons without MNSDs, published from January 1, 1995 to September 3, 2020. Median estimates were calculated for relative risks for suicide behaviour and MNSDs, and when appropriate, these were pooled using random effects metanalytic model. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020178772. RESULTS The search identified 73 eligible studies: 28 were used for quantitative synthesis of estimates and 45 for description of risk factors. Studies included came from low and upper middle-income countries with a majority of these from Asia and South America and none from a low-income country. The sample size was 13,759 for MNSD cases and 11,792 hospital or community controls without MNSD. The most common MNSD exposure for suicidal behaviour was depressive disorders (47 studies (64%)), followed by schizophrenia spectrum, and other psychotic disorders (28 studies (38%)). Pooled estimates from the meta-analysis were statistically significant for suicidal behaviour with any MNSDs (odds ratios (OR) = 1∙98 (95%CI = 1∙80-2∙16))) and depressive disorder (OR = 3∙26 (95%CI = 2∙88-3∙63))), with both remaining significant after inclusion of high-quality studies only. Meta-regression identified only hospital-based studies (ratio of OR = 2∙85, CI:1∙24-6∙55) and sample size (OR = 1∙00, CI:0∙99-1∙00) as possible sources of variability in estimates. Risk for suicidal behaviour in MNSDs was increased by demographic factors (e.g., male sex, and unemployment), family history, psychosocial context and physical illness. INTERPRETATION There is an association between suicidal behaviour and MNSDs in LMICs, the association is greater for depressive disorder in LMICs than what has been reported in High Income Countries (HICs). There is urgent need to improve access for MNSDs care in LMICs. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnet Ongeri
- Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Cyrus Theuri
- Neuroscience Unit, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Miriam Nyawira
- Neuroscience Unit, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joeri K Tijdink
- Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Symon M Kariuki
- Neuroscience Unit, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Charles R J C Newton
- Neuroscience Unit, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Farmani A, Rahimianbougar M, Mohammadi Y, Faramarzi H, Khodarahimi S, Nahaboo S. Psychological, Structural, Social and Economic Determinants of Suicide Attempt: Risk Assessment and Decision Making Strategies. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023; 86:1144-1166. [PMID: 33736538 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211003462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to conduct a risk assessment and management of psychological, structural, social and economic determinants (PSSED) in a suicide attempt. The sample consisted of 353 individuals who had a recorded history of suicidal attempt; and 20 professional individuals by purposive sampling method within a descriptive cross-sectional design. Worksheets for RAM and AHP were used for data collection in this study. The rate of suicide attempt was 7.21 per 100,000 population in this study. Analysis showed that depression and mental disorders; personality disorders; family problems; socio-cultural and economic problems; lack of awareness; and low level of education have a high level of risk for suicide attempts. Psychiatric and psychological services; awareness and knowledge of life skills; medical services to dysfunctional families; development of community-based planning for PSSED of suicide; and employment and entrepreneurship services may lower suicide attempt risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Farmani
- Social Emergency Center, Welfare General Bureau of Fars Province, Shiraz, Iran
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Al-Mamun F, Hussain N, Sakib N, Hosen I, Rayhan I, Abdullah AH, Bhuiyan AKMI, Sarker MA, Hossain S, Zou L, Manzar MD, Lin CY, Sikder MT, Muhit M, Pakpour AH, Gozal D, Griffiths MD, Mamun MA. Sleep duration during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A GIS-based large sample survey study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3368. [PMID: 36849735 PMCID: PMC9969935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several studies have been conducted in Bangladesh regarding sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, none have utilized a large nationwide sample or presented their findings based on nationwide geographical distribution. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the total sleep duration, night-time sleep, and daily naptime and their associated factors as well as geographic information system (GIS) distribution. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 9730 people in April 2020, including questions relating to socio-demographic variables, behavioral and health factors, lockdown, depression, suicidal ideation, night sleep duration, and naptime duration. Descriptive and inferential statistics, both linear and multivariate regression, and spatial distribution were performed using Microsoft Excel, SPSS, Stata, and ArcGIS software. The results indicated that 64.7% reported sleeping 7-9 h a night, while 29.6% slept less than 7 h nightly, and 5.7% slept more than 9 h nightly. 43.7% reported 30-60 min of daily nap duration, whereas 20.9% napped for more than 1 h daily. Significant predictors of total daily sleep duration were being aged 18-25 years, being unemployed, being married, self-isolating 4 days or more, economic hardship, and depression. For nap duration, being aged 18-25 years, retired, a smoker, and a social media user were at relatively higher risk. The GIS distribution showed that regional division areas with high COVID-19 exposure had higher rates of non-normal sleep duration. Sleep duration showed a regional heterogeneity across the regional divisions of the country that exhibited significant associations with a multitude of socioeconomic and health factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoj Al-Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. .,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. .,Department of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Nur Hussain
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Present Address: School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Najmuj Sakib
- grid.449408.50000 0004 4684 0662Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hosen
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Istihak Rayhan
- grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Economics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Hasnat Abdullah
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Abedin Sarker
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sahadat Hossain
- grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Liye Zou
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Md. Dilshad Manzar
- grid.449051.d0000 0004 0441 5633Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma’ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Md. Tajuddin Sikder
- grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Muhit
- grid.449901.10000 0004 4683 713XDepartment of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran ,grid.118888.00000 0004 0414 7587Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - David Gozal
- grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Department of Child Health and The Child Health Research Institute, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- grid.12361.370000 0001 0727 0669International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.449901.10000 0004 4683 713XDepartment of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.442989.a0000 0001 2226 6721Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Igami K, Hosozawa M, Ikeda A, Bann D, Shimizu T, Iso H. Adolescent Loneliness in 70 Countries Across Africa, America, and Asia: A Comparison of Prevalence and Correlates. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:906-913. [PMID: 36775749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Emerging studies address adolescent loneliness a public health problem due to its negative associations with adverse health. However, evidence concerning adolescent loneliness and its correlation in nonwestern, low- and middle-income countries is scarce. This study examined the prevalence of loneliness and its correlates (i.e., sex, bullying victimization, and peer support) across 70 countries from five WHO regions. METHODS Data were collected from the Global School-based Student Health Survey of children aged 13-17 (2003-2018) years. Loneliness was defined as feeling lonely most of the time or always in the past 12 months based on self-reports. The prevalence of loneliness was estimated, and multivariable logistic regression ascertained prevalence ratios of correlates by country. Meta-analysis was used to examine regional and overall pooled estimates. RESULTS Among the 248,017 students included in the study, the overall prevalence of loneliness was 11.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 10.6-12.7), with significant variations across countries. Girls (vs. boys prevalence ratio (PR = 1.4 95% CI: 1.3-1.4), students who experienced bullying victimization (PR = 2.2, 95% CI: 2.1-2.3), and students who reported a lack of close friends (PR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.7-1.9) were at increased risk of experiencing loneliness. There was significant heterogeneity between countries for sex and lack of close friends but not for bullying victimization. DISCUSSION Adolescent loneliness is prevalent globally, especially in Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean. The considerable heterogeneity in its prevalence and correlates suggest that tailoring to the country context may benefit policy initiatives. Bullying may be a common intervention target in all countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Igami
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Hosozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ai Ikeda
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Walsh EH, Herring MP, McMahon J. A Systematic Review of School-Based Suicide Prevention Interventions for Adolescents, and Intervention and Contextual Factors in Prevention. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:365-381. [PMID: 36301381 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among adolescents, globally. Though post-primary, school-based suicide prevention (PSSP) has the potential to be a key strategy for preventing adolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STBs), there are persisting challenges to translating PSSP research to practice. Intervention and contextual factors relevant to PSSP are likely key to both PSSP effectiveness and implementation. As such, this systematic review aimed to summarise the effectiveness of PSSP for adolescent STBs and highlight important intervention and contextual factors with respect to PSSP. PsycINFO, Medline, Education Source, ERIC, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to identify randomised and non-randomised studies evaluating the effectiveness of interventions located in post-primary, school-based settings targeting adolescent STBs. PSSP effectiveness and intervention and contextual factors were synthesised narratively. Twenty-eight studies were retained, containing nearly 47,000 participants. Twelve out of twenty-nine trials comparing intervention and independent control comparators reported statistically significant reductions in STBs postintervention, and 5/7 trials comparing preintervention and postintervention scores demonstrated significant reductions in STBs over time. Reporting and analysis of intervention and contextual factors were lacking across studies, but PSSP effectiveness and intervention acceptability varied across type of school. Although school personnel commonly delivered PSSP interventions, their input and perspectives on PSSP interventions were lacking. Notably, adolescents had little involvement in designing, inputting on, delivering and sharing their perspectives on PSSP interventions. Twenty out of twenty-eight studies were rated as moderate/high risk of bias, with non-randomised trials demonstrating greater risks of bias and trial effectiveness, in comparison to cluster randomised trials. Future research should prioritise complete reporting and analysis of intervention and contextual factors with respect to PSSP, involving key stakeholders (including adolescents and school personnel) in PSSP, and investigating key stakeholders' perspectives on PSSP. Given the inverse associations between both study quality and study design with PSSP effectiveness, particular consideration to study quality and design in PSSP research is needed. Future practice should consider PSSP interventions with universal components and PSSP which supports and involves key stakeholders in engaging with PSSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eibhlin H Walsh
- School, Child & Youth (SCY) Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- National Institute of Studies in Education, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Matthew P Herring
- Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jennifer McMahon
- School, Child & Youth (SCY) Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- National Institute of Studies in Education, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Rahman MA, Renzaho AMN, Kundu S, Awal MA, Ashikuzzaman M, Fan L, Ahinkorah BO, Okyere J, Kamara JK, Mahumud RA. Prevalence and factors associated with chronic school absenteeism among 207,107 in-school adolescents: Findings from cross-sectional studies in 71 low-middle and high-income countries. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283046. [PMID: 37163492 PMCID: PMC10171665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the negative impact of chronic school absenteeism on the psychological and physical health of adolescents, data on the burden of adolescent chronic school absenteeism (ACSA) and interventions and programs to address it are lacking. We estimated the global, regional and national level prevalence of ACSA and its correlation with violence and unintentional injury, psychosocial, protective, lifestyle, and food security-related factors among in-school adolescents across low and middle-income, and high-income countries (LMICs-HICs). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic school absenteeism (CSA) as well as to determine its associated factors among in-school adolescents across 71 low-middle and high-income countries. METHODS We used data from the most recent Global School-based Student Health Survey of 207,107 in-school adolescents aged 11-17 years in 71 LMICs-HICs countries across six WHO regions. We estimated the weighted prevalence of ACSA from national, regional and global perspectives. Multiple binary logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the adjusted effect of independent factors on ACSA. RESULTS The overall population-weighted prevalence of CSA was 11·43% (95% confidence interval, CI: 11·29-11·57). Higher likelihood of CSA was associated with severe food insecurity, peer victimisation, loneliness, high level of anxiety, physically attack, physical fighting, serious injury, poor peer support, not having close friends, lack of parental support, being obese, and high levels of sedentary behaviours. Lower likelihood of CSA was associated with being female (odds ratio, OR = 0·76, 95% CI: 0·74-0·78). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that a combination of different socio-economic factors, peer conflict and injury factors, factors exacerbate CSA among adolescents. Interventions should be designed to focus on these risk factors and should consider the diverse cultural and socioeconomic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashfikur Rahman
- Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Andre M N Renzaho
- Professor of Humanitarian and Development Studies, School of Medicine and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Satyajit Kundu
- Global Health Institute, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Awal
- Electronics and Communication Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashikuzzaman
- Development Studies Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Lijun Fan
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua Okyere
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Souza LC, Galvão LP, Paiva HS, Périco CDAM, Ventriglio A, Torales J, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Martins-da-Silva AS. Major depressive disorder as a risk factor for suicidal ideation for attendees of educational institutions: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2023; 41:e2021344. [PMID: 36921167 PMCID: PMC10013990 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2021344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the effect of major depressive disorder (MDD) as a risk factor for suicidal ideation in individuals whose ages varied from 11 to 24 years and who were attending educational institutions. DATA SOURCE A systematic review was carried out by searching in PubMed and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Original studies conducted in educational institutions, including individuals whose age varied from 11 to 24 years, in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were included. DATA SYNTHESIS Eight studies were selected for the meta-analysis, including 35,443 youths, with an average age of 16.8 years, predominantly female (51.2%), and from middle-income Asian countries (91.6%). An odds ratio of MDD of 3.89 (95%CI 2.46-6.17) for suicide ideation in youth was found. Subgroup analysis showed higher effects in Asia (OR=4.71; 95%CI 3.22-6.89) than Americas (OR=1.71; 95%CI 1.44-2.03). The meta-regression model indicated that younger adolescents (coef=-0.63; 95%CI 1.09--0.18; p<0.01) and older studies (coef=-0.23; 95%CI 0.039--0.08; p<0.01) presented higher effects of MDD on suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Early detection and treatment of MDD in youth patients are of utmost importance for preventing suicidal ideation. Educational institutions could play an important role in the early detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Costa Souza
- Secretaria de Saúde de São Bernardo do Campo, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Julio Torales
- National University of Asunción, School of Medical Sciences, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
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Hosozawa M, Cable N, Yamasaki S, Ando S, Endo K, Usami S, Nakanishi M, Niimura J, Nakajima N, Baba K, Oikawa N, Stanyon D, Suzuki K, Miyashita M, Iso H, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa M, Kasai K, Nishida A. Predictors of chronic loneliness during adolescence: a population-based cohort study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:107. [PMID: 36544216 PMCID: PMC9769463 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent loneliness is a growing public health issue owing to its adverse health impact. Although adolescent loneliness is common, its trajectories can show distinct patterns over time. However, there is limited knowledge regarding their determinants, particularly for chronic loneliness. We aimed to determine the predictors of loneliness trajectories across early-to-mid adolescence and examine their association with later suicidality. METHODS Data were collected from 3165 participants from the population-based Tokyo Teen Cohort. Participants reported their loneliness at 10, 12, 14, and 16 years. Loneliness trajectories were identified using latent class growth analysis. We examined the predictive role of bullying victimization and parental psychological distress at age 10 via a multinomial logistic regression. Sociodemographic and child-related factors (i.e., chronic health conditions and cognitive delay) were included as covariates. The association between the trajectories, self-harm, and suicidal ideation by age 16 was investigated using Poisson regression. RESULTS Four trajectories were identified: "consistently low" (2448, 77.3%), "moderate-decreasing" (185, 5.8%), "moderate-increasing" (508, 16.1%), and "consistently high" (24, 0.8%). Taking "consistently low" as a reference, experiences of bullying victimization predicted all the remaining trajectories [adjusted relative risk ratio 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-2.28 for "moderate-decreasing," 1.88, 1.52-2.33 for "moderate-increasing," and 4.57, 1.97-10.59 for "consistently high"]. Parental psychological distress predicted the "moderate-increasing" (1.84, 1.25-2.71) and "consistently high" (5.07, 1.78-14.42) trajectories. The "consistently high" trajectory showed the greatest risk for self-harm and suicidal ideation (adjusted relative risk ratio 6.01, 95% CI 4.40-8.22; 2.48, 1.82-3.37, respectively); however, the "moderate-increasing" and "moderate-decreasing" trajectories were also at increased risk (moderate-increasing: 2.71, 2.23-3.30 for self-harm, 1.93, 1.69-2.19 for suicidal ideation; moderate-decreasing: 2.49, 1.91-3.26 for self-harm, 1.59, 1.33-1.91 for suicidal ideation). CONCLUSIONS Bullying victimization and parental psychological distress at age 10 were independent determinants of increased and chronic loneliness trajectories across early-to-mid adolescence. Compared with "consistently low," all other loneliness trajectories were associated with an increased risk of adolescent suicidality. Interventions targeting adolescent loneliness should include approaches to mitigate bullying and parental psychological distress. These strategies may help prevent adolescent suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Hosozawa
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan. .,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Noriko Cable
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Research Center for Social Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Endo
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Research Center for Social Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Usami
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XGraduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miharu Nakanishi
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Research Center for Social Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Niimura
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Research Center for Social Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Nakajima
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Research Center for Social Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Baba
- grid.419588.90000 0001 0318 6320Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Oikawa
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Stanyon
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Research Center for Social Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- grid.263518.b0000 0001 1507 4692Department of Community Mental Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Miyashita
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Research Center for Social Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- grid.45203.300000 0004 0489 0290Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa
- grid.275033.00000 0004 1763 208XDepartment of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for the Advanced Studies, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Research Center for Social Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Iyanda AE, Krishnan B, Adeusi TJ. Epidemiology of suicidal behaviors among junior and senior high school adolescents: Exploring the interactions between bullying victimization, substance use, and physical inactivity. Psychiatry Res 2022; 318:114929. [PMID: 36332504 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a pandemic among global youths and adolescents. Still, there is insufficient evidence to show whether the interactions between bullying victimization, physical inactivity, substance use, and mental health illness aggravate suicidal behaviors among high school students. Based on the Global School-Based Student Health Survey, we analyzed the individual and interaction impacts of bullying victimization, physical inactivity, substance use, and suicidal behaviors among 3,632 adolescents. The 12-month prevalence of suicidal thoughts and plans among senior high school students was over fifty percent. Junior high school students had higher rates of suicide attempts and bullying victimization than senior high school students. Multivariate results indicate that bullying victimization, substance use, and physical inactivity were significantly associated with suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts among high school students. The interaction of physical inactivity and alcohol was significantly associated with suicidal thoughts in junior high school. In contrast, the interaction of bullying and alcohol was associated with suicidal plans among senior high school adolescents. We hope the findings from this study will generate interventions toward reducing the suicide epidemic in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bargavi Krishnan
- Department of Human Sciences, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas 77446
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Sarfo JO, Obeng P, Debrah TP, Gbordzoe NI, Fosu AK. Suicidal behaviours (ideation, plan and attempt) among school-going adolescents: A study of prevalence, predisposing, and protective factors in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2022; 1:100077. [PMID: 38515915 PMCID: PMC10954014 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Suicide occurs throughout life and is among the leading causes of death among adolescents globally. Aside from the growing literature on this serious mental health issue, little is known about the prevalence of suicide and the variables that predispose and protect adolescents against it in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. We analysed the Global School-based Student Health Survey data collection among school-going adolescents in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines to explore the prevalence, risk and protective variables associated with suicidal behaviours. We observed prevalence rates of 26%, 26%, and 19% for suicide ideation, plan, and attempt, respectively. Furthermore, sex (being male) and having parents or guardians who understand the problems and worries of adolescents served as protective factors against all three suicide behaviours. However, we observed truancy, cigarette smoking, bullying victims (on/off school property), being cyberbullied, loneliness, and worry as risk factors for suicide ideation among adolescents. Risk for suicide plan was predicted by truancy, cigarette smoking, physical fight, bullying victims (on/off school property), being cyberbullied, loneliness, and worry. After controlling for other factors, truancy, amphetamine or methamphetamine use, cigarette smoking, physical fight, bullying victims (on/off school property), serious injury, close friends, loneliness, and worrying about life issues predicted suicide attempt risk among adolescents in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Early identification and suicide prevention interventions focusing on identified protective and risk factors may help minimise the prevalence of suicide behaviours among school-going adolescents in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
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Aboagye RG, Ahinkorah BO, Seidu AA, Okyere J, Frimpong JB, Kumar M. In-school adolescents’ loneliness, social support, and suicidal ideation in sub-Saharan Africa: Leveraging Global School Health data to advance mental health focus in the region. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275660. [PMID: 36350793 PMCID: PMC9645589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescent and youth mental health problems are increasingly becoming an area of concern in global health. Young people in sub-Saharan Africa experience significant adversities and systemic challenges despite technological advancements and demographic transition that the region is experiencing. We examined the nexus between experiences of loneliness, low social support, and presence of suicidal ideation among in-school adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Method A total of 19,119 in-school adolescents from eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa were included in this study. Suicidal ideation was the main outcome variable and loneliness, and social support were the explanatory variables. Percentages were used to summarise the prevalence of suicidal ideation, loneliness, and social support among the in-school adolescents. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was later used to determine the association between suicidal ideation and the explanatory variables and covariates using Stata v16. Four models were tested using the regression analysis. We presented the regression results using adjusted odds ratios (aOR), with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Overall, the past year prevalence of loneliness, peer support, one or more close friends, and suicidal ideation were 10%, 33.4%, 90.1%, and 14.5%, respectively. In-school adolescents who felt lonely (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.69, 2.09) were more likely to experience suicidal ideation. However, those who received peer support (aOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.82, 0.97) and had one or more close friends (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.68, 0.86) were less likely to experience suicidal ideation. Conclusion These results point to the significant roles of loneliness, and lack of social support, in understanding suicidal ideations. Countries in sub-Saharan Africa need to improve child and adolescent mental health policies and programmes to respond to these risk factors and mental health challenges. Programmes with a differential focus on the needs of males and females, younger and older adolescents will be important in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gyan Aboagye
- Department of Family and Community Health, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Estate Management, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
| | - Joshua Okyere
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - James Boadu Frimpong
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Kinesiology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Manasi Kumar
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Longitudinal associations of the duration of mobile phone use with suicidal behavior in adolescents: The mediating role of depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2022; 314:365-371. [PMID: 35878828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged mobile phone use has been demonstrated to be associated with mental health problems and suicidal behavior in adolescents. This study examined the mediating role of depressive symptoms in the association between duration of mobile phone use (DMPU) and suicidal behavior in adolescents. METHODS A total of 6,923 participants from the Shandong Adolescent Behavior & Health Cohort (SABHC) were included in the analysis. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire to assess DMPU on weekdays and weekends, mental disorders, insomnia symptoms, depressive symptoms, suicidal behavior (thought, plan, or attempt), and family demographics in November-December 2015. One year later, a follow-up survey was conducted to ask participants to report their depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior. Path analyses with logistic regressions were performed to examine the mediating role of depressive symptoms in the DMPU-suicidal behavior link. RESULTS Of the sample, mean age was 14.58 (SD = 1.45) and 3,455 (49.9 %) were female at baseline. 12.12 % of participants reported having ever suicidal behavior during the past 12 months at baseline, and 10.63 % reported having ever suicidal behavior during 1-year follow-up. Path analyses showed that the depressive symptoms played a partial mediating role in the association of DMPU on weekdays and weekends with subsequent suicidal behavior. After controlling for covariates, depressive symptoms accounted for 33.6 % and 58.6 % of the total effect of DMPU on weekdays and weekends on suicidal behavior, respectively. LIMITATION All variables were measured based on self-report. CONCLUSIONS The link between DMPU and suicidal behavior was partially mediated by depressive symptoms. Prolonged mobile phone use and depressive symptoms should be assessed and intervened to prevent suicidal behavior in adolescents.
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Kanougiya S, Daruwalla N, Gram L, Sivakami M, Osrin D. Domestic Coercive Control and Common Mental Disorders Among Women in Informal Settlements in Mumbai, India: A Cross-Sectional Survey. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP17934-NP17959. [PMID: 34328357 PMCID: PMC7613632 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211030293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coercive control behaviors central to the abuse of power appear more frequent than other types of domestic violence, but little is known about its frequency, features, and consequences for women in India. We aimed to examine the prevalence of domestic coercive control and its association with physical, sexual, and emotional domestic violence in the preceding year and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and suicidal thinking. In a cross-sectional survey, we interviewed 4,906 ever-married women aged 18-49 years living in urban informal settlements in Mumbai, India. We developed a 24-item scale of coercive control, assessed physical, sexual, and emotional violence using existing questions, and screened for symptoms of depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9), anxiety with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD7) questionnaire, and suicidal thinking with questions developed by the World Health Organization. Estimates involved univariable and multivariable logistic regression models and the prediction of marginal effects. The prevalence of domestic coercive control was 71%. In total, 23% of women reported domestic violence in the past 12 months (emotional 19%, physical 13%, sexual 4%). Adjusted models suggested that women exposed to controlling behavior had greater odds of surviving emotional (aOR 2.1; 95% CI 1.7, 2.7), physical (1.4; 1.0, 1.9), and sexual (1.8; 1.1, 3.0) domestic violence in the past 12 months; and higher odds of a positive screen for moderate or severe depression (1.7; 1.3, 2.2), anxiety (2.1; 1.3, 3.1), and suicidal thinking (1.7; 1.2, 2.3), and increased with each additional indicator of coercive control behavior. When women reported 24 indicators of coercive control, the adjusted predicted proportion with moderate or severe depressive symptoms was 60%, anxiety 42%, and suicidal thinking 17%. Inclusion of coercive control in programs to support domestic violence, would broaden our understanding of domestic abuse to resemble most victims experience and improve interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kanougiya
- Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nayreen Daruwalla
- Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lu Gram
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
| | | | - David Osrin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
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Doty B, Bass J, Ryan T, Zhang A, Wilcox H. Systematic review of suicide prevention studies with data on youth and young adults living in low-income and middle-income countries. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055000. [PMID: 36691131 PMCID: PMC9453991 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review aimed to provide a summary of peer-reviewed, published literature on suicide preventive interventions with data on youth and young adults in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC). DESIGN A systematic review was conducted using electronic databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Education Resources Information Center and The Campbell Collaboration databases for English-language articles published between 1 January 1990 and 15 February 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Interventions of interest could include behavioural, community, clinical/medical or policy studies, or any combination of these, so long as the studies had at least one outcome of interest and at least one control group or control period. Outcomes included suicide ideation, suicide attempt and suicide. Interventions must have been conducted in an LMIC. Studies with individuals ages 0-25 in the sample were included. Articles describing data on individuals over age 25 could be included if individuals ages 0-25 were part of the sample. RESULTS A total of 44 eligible studies were identified, representing a broad range of universal, selective and indicated interventions. Most studies assessed interventions designed to address lethal means or mental health. Most studies were conducted in lower-middle-income or upper-middle-income countries, with the largest proportion in Asia. Assessment of outcomes across studies was heterogeneous and there were few large-scale investigations tailored specifically for youth. CONCLUSIONS Most of the published, peer-reviewed suicide intervention research from LMIC is concentrated in a few countries. While geographical coverage to date has been limited, strategies and samples in included studies were diverse, representing populations in clinical, educational and community settings. While current findings hold promise, this review identified a need for large-scale studies designed specifically for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Doty
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Judith Bass
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Taylor Ryan
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Allen Zhang
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Holly Wilcox
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Magill R, Jenkin G, Collings S. 'Really there because they care': The importance of service users' interpretations of staff motivations at a crisis intervention service in New Zealand. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e1756-e1764. [PMID: 34633720 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crisis intervention services for people experiencing psychological distress and suicidal ideation are frequently described by the people accessing them as failing to meet their needs. This paper reports a prominent finding from a realist evaluation of Taranaki Retreat-a charitable, non-clinical organisation in New Zealand, which offers free respite for people experiencing acute distress. Using qualitative methods, the study aimed to move beyond vague notions regarding the helpfulness of respite, to a deeper understanding of the contextual factors and mechanisms which generate outcomes for such an intervention. Participant observation, focus groups with staff, semi-structured interviews with service users, and analysis of service users' case notes were conducted over a six-month period in 2018. The most prominent finding from the study related to 'genuine care'-care which is interpreted by the recipient as being motivated by a genuine desire to help. We present this finding as to the central mechanism in a wider programme theory developed through the realist evaluation study. We also present five key features of the care participants were offered at Taranaki Retreat which contributed to their common interpretation regarding the motivations behind this care. Upon considering the centrality of this mechanism we conclude that, in designing crisis interventions, greater consideration should be given to how the intervention can demonstrate genuine care. Having highlighted the ways in which the structure of charitable organisations appears conducive for interpretations of genuine care, we further conclude that the provision of comprehensive crisis intervention by charitable organisations should be further explored and supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan Magill
- Suicide and Mental Health Research Group, University of Otago (Wellington), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gabrielle Jenkin
- Suicide and Mental Health Research Group, University of Otago (Wellington), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sunny Collings
- School of Health, Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Okechukwu FO, Ogba KTU, Nwufo JI, Ogba MO, Onyekachi BN, Nwanosike CI, Onyishi AB. Academic stress and suicidal ideation: moderating roles of coping style and resilience. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:546. [PMID: 35962365 PMCID: PMC9373522 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a global phenomenon, suicide has generated a lot of concern. Scholars from various fields have conducted extensive research on the prevalence, causes, factors, and/or management or possible solutions to suicidal ideation. Despite the research efforts, suicidal cases worldwide still yell for more empirical attention. No doubt that some of the extant literature have specifically evidenced the causal links and factors in suicidal ideation. Yet, none had focused on the moderating roles of coping and resilience in an academic population. We therefore, examined the moderating roles of coping and resilience in the relationship between academic stress and suicidal ideation. METHOD We used a cross-sectional design to sample 505 participants (329 males and 176 females) from three southern Nigerian universities. Participants who willingly indicated their participatory consent were administered a paper self-report questionnaire containing the Lakaev Academic Stress Response Scale (LASRS), Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI), Brief COPE (B-COPE), and Resilience Scale (RS-14). Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses of the study. Academic stress (r = 0.17; p.001) was found to be positively associated with suicidal ideation, whereas resilience (r = -.22; p.001) was found to be negatively associated with suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation had no significant correlation with adaptive coping style, but it did have a significant correlation with maladaptive coping (r = .15; p.001). The regression-based PROCESS macro showed that academic stress was a significant predictor of coping [ΔR2 = .03, F (1, 502) = 16.18, p = .01]. Academic stress was positively associated with suicidal ideation at low or moderate levels of adaptive coping styles. At high levels of adaptive coping styles, the association between academic stress and suicidal ideation was not significant. However, resilience negatively predicted suicidal ideation [R = .29, (R2 = .08), F(1, 499) = 19.94, p = .00] with academic stress showing a positive association with suicidal ideation at low and moderate levels of resilience, but for those with high resilience, academic stress was not associated with suicidal ideation. In sum, suicidal ideation is heightened by increased academic stress, with greater resilience ameliorating the tendency of academic stress resulting in suicidal ideation. Also, adopting maladaptive ways of coping promotes suicidal ideation among students, with resilience and adaptive coping strategies moderating the relationship between academic stress and suicidal ideation. It is therefore recommended that educational administrators, policy makers, lecturers, teachers, and tutors incorporate courses, teachings, and sessions that foster as well as inculcate resilience and efficient coping skills in pupils and students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Obiageli Okechukwu
- grid.10757.340000 0001 2108 8257Department of Home Science and Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Kalu T. U. Ogba
- grid.10757.340000 0001 2108 8257Psychology Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Juliet I. Nwufo
- grid.10757.340000 0001 2108 8257Psychology Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Miracle Oluchi Ogba
- grid.10757.340000 0001 2108 8257Psychology Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria ,grid.442675.60000 0000 9756 5366Faculty of Law, Abia State University, Uturu, Umuahia, Nigeria
| | | | - Chinonso I. Nwanosike
- grid.10757.340000 0001 2108 8257Psychology Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Amuche B. Onyishi
- grid.10757.340000 0001 2108 8257Psychology Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Chiu H, Vargo EJ. Bullying and other risk factors related to adolescent suicidal behaviours in the Philippines: a look into the 2011 GSHS Survey. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:445. [PMID: 35787791 PMCID: PMC9251019 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The present study retrospectively examined gender differences in bullying and suicidal behaviour (ideation, plan, and attempts) as well as associations between selected risk factors and suicidal behaviour among secondary school Filipino students. METHODS The study used a secondary data set from the GSHS developed by the World Health Organization, which was conducted in the Philippines in 2011. Participants included 5290 Filipino students (male N = 2279, female N = 2986). A two-tailed Chi-square of independence was used to test for gender differences and a multivariate logistic regression model explored statistical associations between risk factors and outcome variables. RESULTS Chi-square results suggested that gender differences were statistically significant for being bullied χ2 (1, N = 2384) = 10.6, p = .001, experiencing suicidal ideation χ2 (1, N = 857) = 61.7, p = .000, making suicide plans χ2 (1, N = 590) = 10.2, p = .001, and suicide attempts χ2 (1, N = 674) = 8.4, p = .004, with females showing higher vulnerability to examined risk factors. The logistic regression model also suggested that adolescents claiming to have no close friends were three to four times more likely to attempt suicide. Other strong predictors of suicidal behaviours were loneliness and getting in trouble due to alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Bullying is an independent yet, not the strongest predictor associated with adolescents' suicidal behaviour in the present study. The strongest predictors of Filipino adolescents' suicidal behaviours in the 2011 cohort included having no close friends, loneliness, anxiety and getting in trouble due to alcohol use among both genders. Peer and mental health support programmes need to be made available and accessible for adolescents in the Philippines. Considering the increase in suicide rates in 2020/2021 among Filipino young adults due to the Coronavirus pandemic, it is suggested that preventing suicidal vulnerability in adolescence can hinder this occurrence later on in the lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Chiu
- grid.7728.a0000 0001 0724 6933College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London,, Uxbridge, UK
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Abstract
The current study examines the prevalence of depression, anxiety, suicide risk, and PTSD in Ugandan youth (13-25 years) attending vocational training programs. Youth from five urban (n=224 females, 81 males) and four rural (n=153 females only) vocational training centers operated by a non-governmental organization completed demographic and mental health questionnaires. Nearly half of the youth reported moderate or severe depression and/or anxiety. More than half reported anxiety and depression-related impairment. Nearly a quarter of youth had considered or attempted suicide. More than half screened positive on the PC-PTSD screen. Rural female youth reported the most food insecurity (56.9%), trafficking (37.9%), severe depression (35.9%), depression-related impairment (56.9%), severe anxiety (26.1%), and anxiety-related impairment (55.6%). Results from this study suggest that Ugandan youth have exceedingly high rates of depression, anxiety, suicide risk, and probable PTSD. Rural female youth may be especially at risk. Relevant treatment interventions are needed that can be adapted to youth in vocational training centers.
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Gebremeskel TG, Berhe M, Tesfahunegn TB, Gesesew HA, Ward PR. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Suicidal Ideation Among Adult Eritrean Refugees in Northern Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:841848. [PMID: 35602160 PMCID: PMC9114296 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.841848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study assessed the prevalence of and factor associated with suicidal ideations among adult Eritrean refugees in Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 400 adult refugees living in the Mai-Aini refugee camp in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia from September 2019 to May 2020. The response variable was suicidal ideation and was measured using World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative Version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. We applied bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine predictors for suicide ideations. Odds ratios and p-values were determined to check the associations between variables, and a p-value <0.05 was considered as a cut-off for statistical significance. Results The prevalence of suicidal ideations was 20.5% (95% CI: 16.4%, 24.5%). Having previous history of trauma [AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4, 4.5], a history of chronic illness [AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 6.5], a family history of mental disorder [AOR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.3, 7.06], and history of post-traumatic stress disorder [AOR = 5.7, 95% CI: 2.8, 11.5] were significantly associated with suicidal ideations. Conclusions This study showed that during the stay in the refugee camp, there was a high prevalence of suicide ideations compared to the prevalence of suicide ideations among the general populations of Ethiopia, Europe, and China, and the lifetime pooled prevalence across 17 countries. Having previous history of trauma, a history of chronic illness, a family history of mental disorder, and history of post-traumatic stress disorder were the factors statistically associated with the suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel
- Department of Reproductive Health, College of Health Sciences, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia.,Discipline of Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mulaw Berhe
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
| | - Tadis Brhane Tesfahunegn
- Department of Reproductive Health, College of Health Sciences, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
| | - Hailay Abrha Gesesew
- Centre for Research on Health Policy, Torrens University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Departments of Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Paul R Ward
- Centre for Research on Health Policy, Torrens University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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