1
|
Ahmed RO, Ali A, Leeds T, Salem M. RNA-Seq analysis of the pyloric caecum, liver, and muscle reveals molecular mechanisms regulating fillet color in rainbow trout. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:579. [PMID: 37770878 PMCID: PMC10537910 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristic pink-reddish color in the salmonids fillet is an important, appealing quality trait for consumers and producers. The color results from diet supplementation with carotenoids, which accounts for up to 20-30% of the feed cost. Pigment retention in the muscle is a highly variable phenotype. In this study, we aimed to understand the molecular basis for the variation in fillet color when rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fish families were fed an Astaxanthin-supplemented diet. We used RNA-Seq to study the transcriptome profile in the pyloric caecum, liver, and muscle from fish families with pink-reddish fillet coloration (red) versus those with lighter pale coloration (white). RESULTS More DEGs were identified in the muscle (5,148) and liver (3,180) than in the pyloric caecum (272). Genes involved in lipid/carotenoid metabolism and transport, ribosomal activities, mitochondrial functions, and stress homeostasis were uniquely enriched in the muscle and liver. For instance, the two beta carotene genes (BCO1 and BCO2) were significantly under-represented in the muscle of the red fillet group favoring more carotenoid retention. Enriched genes in the pyloric caecum were involved in intestinal absorption and transport of carotenoids and lipids. In addition, the analysis revealed the modulation of several genes with immune functions in the pyloric caecum, liver, and muscle. CONCLUSION The results from this study deepen our understanding of carotenoid dynamics in rainbow trout and can guide us on strategies to improve Astaxanthin retention in the rainbow trout fillet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ridwan O Ahmed
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ali Ali
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Tim Leeds
- Department of Agriculture Kearneysville, National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, United States, Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nishida Y, Berg PC, Shakersain B, Hecht K, Takikawa A, Tao R, Kakuta Y, Uragami C, Hashimoto H, Misawa N, Maoka T. Astaxanthin: Past, Present, and Future. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:514. [PMID: 37888449 PMCID: PMC10608541 DOI: 10.3390/md21100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AX), a lipid-soluble pigment belonging to the xanthophyll carotenoids family, has recently garnered significant attention due to its unique physical properties, biochemical attributes, and physiological effects. Originally recognized primarily for its role in imparting the characteristic red-pink color to various organisms, AX is currently experiencing a surge in interest and research. The growing body of literature in this field predominantly focuses on AXs distinctive bioactivities and properties. However, the potential of algae-derived AX as a solution to various global environmental and societal challenges that threaten life on our planet has not received extensive attention. Furthermore, the historical context and the role of AX in nature, as well as its significance in diverse cultures and traditional health practices, have not been comprehensively explored in previous works. This review article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the history leading up to the present, offering insights into the discovery of AX, its chemical and physical attributes, distribution in organisms, and biosynthesis. Additionally, it delves into the intricate realm of health benefits, biofunctional characteristics, and the current market status of AX. By encompassing these multifaceted aspects, this review aims to provide readers with a more profound understanding and a robust foundation for future scientific endeavors directed at addressing societal needs for sustainable nutritional and medicinal solutions. An updated summary of AXs health benefits, its present market status, and potential future applications are also included for a well-rounded perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
| | | | - Behnaz Shakersain
- AstaReal AB, Signum, Forumvägen 14, Level 16, 131 53 Nacka, Sweden; (P.C.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Karen Hecht
- AstaReal, Inc., 3 Terri Lane, Unit 12, Burlington, NJ 08016, USA;
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Ruohan Tao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Yumeka Kakuta
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi 921-8836, Japan;
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Shimogamo-morimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Madore MP, Hwang JE, Park JY, Ahn S, Joung H, Chun OK. A Narrative Review of Factors Associated with Skin Carotenoid Levels. Nutrients 2023; 15:2156. [PMID: 37432294 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite consistent evidence that greater consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) is associated with significant reductions in chronic disease morbidity and mortality, the majority of adults in the United States consume less than the amounts recommended by public health agencies. As such, there is a critical need to design and implement effective programs and policies to facilitate increases in FV consumption for the prevention of these diseases. To accomplish this, an accurate, inexpensive, and convenient method for estimating the dietary FV intake is required. A promising method for quantifying the FV intake via proxy that has gained interest in recent years is the measurement of skin carotenoid levels via spectroscopy-based devices. However, there exist certain dietary and non-dietary factors that may affect the skin carotenoid levels independently of the dietary intake of carotenoids. In order to validate the ability of this method to accurately estimate the FV intake among diverse demographics, these factors must be identified and taken into consideration. Therefore, this narrative review seeks to summarize the available research on factors that may affect the skin carotenoid levels, determine current gaps in knowledge, and provide guidance for future research efforts seeking to validate spectroscopy-measured skin carotenoid levels as a means of accurately estimating the FV intake among various populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Madore
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jeong-Eun Hwang
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoeun Ahn
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ock K Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zumaraga MP, Borel P, Bott R, Nowicki M, Lairon D, Desmarchelier C. The Interindividual Variability of Phytofluene Bioavailability is Associated with a Combination of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200580. [PMID: 36349532 PMCID: PMC10078114 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Phytofluene is a colorless carotenoid with potential health benefits that displays a higher bioavailability compared to carotenoids such as lutein, β-carotene or lycopene. Several studies suggest its bioavailability displays an elevated interindividual variability. The aim of this work is to investigate whether a combination of SNPs is associated with this variability. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-seven healthy adult males consume a test meal that provides phytofluene from a tomato puree. Phytofluene concentrations are measured at fast and in chylomicrons at regular time intervals after meal intake. Identification of the combination of SNPs that best explained the interindividual variability of the phytofluene response is assessed by partial least squares regression. There is a large interindividual variability in the phytofluene response, with CV = 88%. Phytofluene bioavailability is positively correlated with fasting plasma phytofluene concentration (r = 0.57; p = 2 × 10-4 ). A robust partial least squares regression model comprising 14 SNPs near or within 11 genes (ABCA1-rs2487059, rs2515629, and rs4149316, APOC1-rs445925, CD36-rs3211881, ELOVL5-rs6941533, FABP1-rs10185660, FADS3-rs1000778, ISX-rs130461, and rs17748559, LIPC-rs17240713, LPL-rs7005359, LYPLAL1-rs1351472, SETD7-rs11936429) explains 51% (adjusted R2 ) of the interindividual variability in phytofluene bioavailability. CONCLUSIONS This study reports a combination of SNPs that is associated with a significant part of the interindividual variability of phytofluene bioavailability in a healthy male adult population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pretzel Zumaraga
- C2VN, Aix Marseille Univ, INRAE, INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France.,Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig City, NCR 1631, Philippines
| | - Patrick Borel
- C2VN, Aix Marseille Univ, INRAE, INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Romain Bott
- C2VN, Aix Marseille Univ, INRAE, INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Marion Nowicki
- C2VN, Aix Marseille Univ, INRAE, INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Denis Lairon
- C2VN, Aix Marseille Univ, INRAE, INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Charles Desmarchelier
- C2VN, Aix Marseille Univ, INRAE, INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang C, Li M, Duan X, Abu-Izneid T, Rauf A, Khan Z, Mitra S, Emran TB, Aljohani ASM, Alhumaydhi FA, Thiruvengadam M, Suleria HAR. Phytochemical and Nutritional Profiling of Tomatoes; Impact of Processing on Bioavailability - A Comprehensive Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2097692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuqi Wang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minhao Li
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xinyu Duan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zidan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah S. M. Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiong K, Zhao Y, Hu S, Ma A, Ma Y. Dose-Response Relationship Between Oral Lutein Intake and Plasma Lutein Concentration: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:924997. [PMID: 35811994 PMCID: PMC9257170 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.924997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein was shown to provide health benefits for a few diseases. The dose-response relation of oral lutein intake in humans has rarely been reported. The objective is to investigate the dose-response relation between oral lutein intake and plasma lutein concentration in humans. Forty subjects were recruited from Qingdao University, China in 2014. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups: (1–3) consuming 10, 20, or 40 mg lutein by one, two, or four capsules of lutein A, respectively; (4) consuming 20 mg lutein by two capsules of lutein B (containing 280 mg n-3 fatty acid). After a single oral dose, plasma lutein concentrations were measured at 9-time points. The raise of plasma lutein concentration by a 40 mg dose was significantly higher than by a 10 or 20 mg dose. Plasma lutein concentrations were not significantly different between taking 20 mg lutein A and 20 mg lutein B. A dose-response relation was demonstrated between oral lutein administration and plasma lutein concentration. The dose-response relation was more pronounced among men. The current work provides a scientific basis for recommending a dietary intake level of lutein. Future work should validate the results in other ethnic and age groups.
Collapse
|
7
|
Domarkienė I, Mažeikienė A, Petrauskaitė G, Kučinskienė ZA, Kučinskas V. New associations of serum β-carotene, lycopene, and zeaxanthin concentrations with NR1H3, APOB, RDH12, AND CYP genes. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:763-771. [PMID: 35282004 PMCID: PMC8907718 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in carotenoid bioavailability at individual and population levels might depend on host-related factors where genetic variation has a part to play. It manifests itself through the proteins involved in carotenoid intestinal absorption and metabolism, blood lipoprotein transport, or tissue uptake. This study aims to identify novel SNPs which could be associated with carotenoid serum concentrations. A total of 265 self-reported healthy individuals of Lithuanian origin were genotyped (Illumina HumanOmniExpress-12v1.0 or v1.1 and Infinium OmniExpress-24v1.2 arrays) and fasting blood serum concentrations of β- and α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin were measured (Shimadzu Prominence HPLC system). According to the individual carotenoid concentrations, the cohort was subdivided into quartiles. Q1 and Q4 were used for the following association analysis. The set of 2883 SNPs in 109 potential candidate genes (assumed for a direct or indirect role in carotenoid bioavailability) was analyzed. Liver X receptor alpha (NR1H3) "transport" polymorphisms rs2279238 (p = 2.129 × 10-5) and rs11039155 (p = 2.984 × 10-5), and apolipoprotein B (APOB) "transport" polymorphism rs550619 (p = 4.844 × 10-5) were associated with higher zeaxanthin concentration. Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) "functional partner" polymorphism rs756473 (p = 7.422 × 10-5) was associated with higher lycopene concentration. Twenty-one cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9, CYP2C18, and CYP2C19) "metabolism" polymorphisms in locus 10q23.33 were significantly associated with higher β-carotene concentration. To conclude, four novel genomic loci were found to be associated with carotenoid serum levels. Zeaxanthin, lycopene, and β-carotene serum concentrations might depend on genetic variation in NR1H3, APOB, RDH12 and CYP2C9, CYP2C18, and CYP2C19 genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrida Domarkienė
- Department of Human and Medical GeneticsFaculty of MedicineInstitute of Biomedical SciencesVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Asta Mažeikienė
- Department of PhysiologyBiochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineInstitute of Biomedical SciencesVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Guostė Petrauskaitė
- Department of Human and Medical GeneticsFaculty of MedicineInstitute of Biomedical SciencesVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Zita Aušrelė Kučinskienė
- Department of PhysiologyBiochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineInstitute of Biomedical SciencesVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical GeneticsFaculty of MedicineInstitute of Biomedical SciencesVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Physiological Effects of Green-Colored Food-Derived Bioactive Compounds on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide. Epidemiological studies strongly highlight various benefits of consuming colorful fruits and vegetables in everyday life. In this review, we aimed to revisit previous studies conducted in the last few decades regarding green-colored foods and their bioactive compounds in consideration of treating and/or preventing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This review draws a comprehensive summary and assessment of research on the physiological effects of various bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols, derived from green-colored fruits and vegetables. In particular, their health-beneficial effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, and lipid-lowering properties, will be discussed. Furthermore, the bioavailability and significance of action of these bioactive compounds on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases will be discussed in detail.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jilcott Pitts SB, Moran NE, Wu Q, Harnack L, Craft NE, Hanchard N, Bell R, Moe SG, Johnson N, Obasohan J, Carr-Manthe PL, Laska MN. Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy Criterion Validity as a Biomarker of Fruit and Vegetable Intake: A 2-Site Cross-Sectional Study of 4 Racial or Ethnic Groups. J Nutr 2022; 152:107-116. [PMID: 34562088 PMCID: PMC8754514 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valid biomarkers of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake are needed for field-based nutrition research. OBJECTIVES To examine criterion-related validity of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy as a proxy measure of FV intake, using plasma carotenoids and self-reported FV and carotenoid intake as primary and secondary criterion measures, respectively. METHODS Healthy adults 18-65 y of age, self-identifying as African American/black (n = 61), Asian (n = 53), white (n = 70), or Hispanic (n = 29), in North Carolina and Minnesota were recruited. Skin carotenoids were assessed via pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter), skin melanin via spectrophotometer, and total plasma carotenoid concentration by HPLC-photodiode array detection. Self-reported carotenoid and FV intake was assessed using a semiquantitative FFQ. Relations between skin carotenoids, plasma carotenoids, FV, and carotenoid intake, with differences by race or ethnicity, age, sex, weight status, cholesterol, and melanin index, were examined by bivariate correlations and adjusted multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS The overall unadjusted correlation between skin and total plasma carotenoids was r = 0.71 and ranged from 0.64 (non-Hispanic black) to 0.80 (Hispanic). Correlations between skin carotenoids and self-reported FV intake ranged from 0.24 (non-Hispanic black) to 0.53 (non-Hispanic white), with an overall correlation of r = 0.35. In models adjusted for age, sex, racial or ethnic group, and BMI, skin carotenoids were associated with plasma carotenoids (R2 = 0.55), FV (R2 = 0.17), and carotenoid intake (R2 = 0.20). For both plasma carotenoid and FV measures, associations with skin carotenoids did not vary by race, but these relations did differ by skin melanin-those with lower melanin had a lower correlation between skin and plasma carotenoids. CONCLUSIONS Reflection spectroscopy-assessed skin carotenoids may be a reasonable alternative to measurement of plasma carotenoids, a biomarker used to approximate FV intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy E Moran
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC,
USA
| | - Lisa Harnack
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Neil Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ronny Bell
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stacey G Moe
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nevin Johnson
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Justice Obasohan
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pamela L Carr-Manthe
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Assessment of dietary carotenoid intake and biologic measurement of exposure in humans. Methods Enzymol 2022; 674:255-295. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Carotenoid extraction and analysis from blood plasma/serum. Methods Enzymol 2022; 670:423-457. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Liu R, Hannon BA, Robinson KN, Raine LB, Hammond BR, Renzi-Hammond LM, Cohen NJ, Kramer AF, Hillman CH, Teran-Garcia M, Khan NA. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in CD36 Are Associated with Macular Pigment among Children. J Nutr 2021; 151:2533-2540. [PMID: 34049394 PMCID: PMC8417927 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High macular pigment optical density (MPOD) has been associated with improved eye health and better cognitive functions. Genetic variations have been associated with MPOD in adults. However, these associations between genetic variations and MPOD have not been studied in children. OBJECTIVES This was a secondary analysis of the FK2 (Fitness Improves Thinking in Kids 2) trial (n = 134, 41% male). The aim was to determine differences in MPOD among children (aged 7-9 y) based on genetic variants that either are biologically relevant to lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) accumulation or have been associated with MPOD in adults. METHODS MPOD was measured using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry via a macular densitometer. DXA was used to assess whole-body and visceral adiposity. DNA was extracted from saliva samples and was genotyped for 26 hypothesis-driven single nucleotide polymorphisms and 75 ancestry-informative markers (AIMs). Habitual diet history was obtained via 3-d food logs completed by parents (n = 88). General linear models were used to compare MPOD between different genotypes. Principal component analysis was performed for the AIMs to account for ethnic heterogeneity. RESULTS Children carrying ≥1 minor allele on β-carotene-15,15'-monooxygenase (BCO1)-rs7501331 (T allele) (P = 0.045), cluster of differentiation 36(CD36)-rs1527483 (T allele) (P = 0.038), or CD36-rs3173798 (C allele) (P = 0.001) had significantly lower MPOD (range: 14.1%-26.4%) than those who were homozygotes for the major alleles. MPOD differences based on CD36-rs3173798 genotypes persisted after adjustment for dietary L and Z intake. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that genetic variations of CD36 and BCO1 contribute to MPOD in children. The influence of genetic variation in CD36-rs3173798 persisted after adjusting for variation in dietary intake.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01619826.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Liu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bridget A Hannon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Katie N Robinson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lauren B Raine
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Billy R Hammond
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lisa M Renzi-Hammond
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- College of Public Health, Institute of Gerontology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Center for Nutrition, Learning, and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margarita Teran-Garcia
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vissenaekens H, Criel H, Grootaert C, Raes K, Smagghe G, Van Camp J. Flavonoids and cellular stress: a complex interplay affecting human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8535-8566. [PMID: 34098806 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1929822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid consumption has beneficial effects on human health, however, clinical evidence remains often inconclusive due to high interindividual variability. Although this high interindividual variability has been consistently observed in flavonoid research, the potential underlying reasons are still poorly studied. Especially the knowledge on the impact of health status on flavonoid responsiveness is limited and merits more investigation. Here, we aim to highlight the bidirectional interplay between flavonoids and cellular stress. First, the state-of-the-art concerning inflammatory stress and mitochondrial dysfunction is reviewed and a comprehensive overview of recent in vitro studies investigating the impact of flavonoids on cellular stress, induced by tumor necrosis factor α, lipopolysaccharide and mitochondrial stressors, is given. Second, we critically discuss the influence of cellular stress on flavonoid uptake, accumulation, metabolism and cell responses, which has, to our knowledge, never been extensively reviewed before. Next, we advocate the innovative insight that stratification of the general population based on health status can reveal subpopulations that benefit more from flavonoid consumption. Finally, suggestions are given for the development of future cell models that simulate the physiological micro-environment, including interindividual variability, since more mechanistic research is needed to establish scientific-based personalized food recommendations for specific subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Vissenaekens
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Criel
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Genetic factors involved in modulating lutein bioavailability. Nutr Res 2021; 91:36-43. [PMID: 34134039 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lutein exhibits effective antioxidant activity conferring protective action against oxidative stress in age-related macular degeneration and cognitive decline. The inability to synthesize these compounds by the human body and the necessity to combat day-to-day oxidative stress prioritizes daily consumption of lutein. However, the bioavailability of the orally consumed lutein largely depends on its gastrointestinal absorption and subsequent metabolism which is in turn governed by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. One of the most important yet least studied factors is the genetic make-up of an individual. The proteins that partake in the absorption, transportation, metabolism and excretion of lutein are encoded by the genes that experience inter-individual variability. Reports suggest that the unanimous effect of phenotypes resulting from such inter-individual variability in the genes of interest causes modulation of lutein bioavailability which is discussed in detail in this review article. However, despite the available reports, a community-based approach to a larger population is required to obtain a stronger understanding of the relationship between inter-individual variability among these genes and lutein bioavailability. Such an understanding of nutrigenetics could not only pave a way to decipher mechanisms that modulate lutein bioavailability but also help in setting the dosage requirements of each patient.
Collapse
|
15
|
Böhm V, Lietz G, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Phelan D, Reboul E, Bánati D, Borel P, Corte-Real J, de Lera AR, Desmarchelier C, Dulinska-Litewka J, Landrier JF, Milisav I, Nolan J, Porrini M, Riso P, Roob JM, Valanou E, Wawrzyniak A, Winklhofer-Roob BM, Rühl R, Bohn T. From carotenoid intake to carotenoid blood and tissue concentrations - implications for dietary intake recommendations. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:544-573. [PMID: 32766681 PMCID: PMC8025354 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is uncertainty regarding carotenoid intake recommendations, because positive and negative health effects have been found or are correlated with carotenoid intake and tissue levels (including blood, adipose tissue, and the macula), depending on the type of study (epidemiological vs intervention), the dose (physiological vs supraphysiological) and the matrix (foods vs supplements, isolated or used in combination). All these factors, combined with interindividual response variations (eg, depending on age, sex, disease state, genetic makeup), make the relationship between carotenoid intake and their blood/tissue concentrations often unclear and highly variable. Although blood total carotenoid concentrations <1000 nmol/L have been related to increased chronic disease risk, no dietary reference intakes (DRIs) exist. Although high total plasma/serum carotenoid concentrations of up to 7500 nmol/L are achievable after supplementation, a plateauing effect for higher doses and prolonged intake is apparent. In this review and position paper, the current knowledge on carotenoids in serum/plasma and tissues and their relationship to dietary intake and health status is summarized with the aim of proposing suggestions for a "normal," safe, and desirable range of concentrations that presumably are beneficial for health. Existing recommendations are likewise evaluated and practical dietary suggestions are included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Lietz
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Phelan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | | | | | - Patrick Borel
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Joana Corte-Real
- Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Centro De Investigaciones Biomédicas and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Irina Milisav
- University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia and with University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes M Roob
- Research Unit Chronic Inflammation in Nephrology, Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Agata Wawrzyniak
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brigitte M Winklhofer-Roob
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary and with CISCAREX UG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mummidi S, Farook VS, Reddivari L, Hernandez-Ruiz J, Diaz-Badillo A, Fowler SP, Resendez RG, Akhtar F, Lehman DM, Jenkinson CP, Arya R, Lynch JL, Canas JA, DeFronzo RA, Hale DE, Blangero J, Lopez-Alvarenga JC, Duggirala R, Vanamala JKP. Serum carotenoids and Pediatric Metabolic Index predict insulin sensitivity in Mexican American children. Sci Rep 2021; 11:871. [PMID: 33441626 PMCID: PMC7806924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of carotenoids are protective against cardiometabolic risk traits (CMTs) in adults and children. We recently showed in non-diabetic Mexican American (MA) children that serum α-carotene and β-carotene are inversely correlated with obesity measures and triglycerides and positively with HDL cholesterol and that they were under strong genetic influences. Additionally, we previously described a Pediatric Metabolic Index (PMI) that helps in the identification of children who are at risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we quantified serum lycopene and β-cryptoxanthin concentrations in approximately 580 children from MA families using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-photodiode array and determined their heritabilities and correlations with CMTs. Using response surface methodology (RSM), we determined two-way interactions of carotenoids and PMI on Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI). The concentrations of lycopene and β-cryptoxanthin were highly heritable [h2 = 0.98, P = 7 × 10-18 and h2 = 0.58, P = 1 × 10-7]. We found significant (P ≤ 0.05) negative phenotypic correlations between β-cryptoxanthin and five CMTs: body mass index (- 0.22), waist circumference (- 0.25), triglycerides (- 0.18), fat mass (- 0.23), fasting glucose (- 0.09), and positive correlations with HDL cholesterol (0.29). In contrast, lycopene only showed a significant negative correlation with fasting glucose (- 0.08) and a positive correlation with HDL cholesterol (0.18). Importantly, we found that common genetic influences significantly contributed to the observed phenotypic correlations. RSM showed that increased serum concentrations of α- and β-carotenoids rather than that of β-cryptoxanthin or lycopene had maximal effects on ISI. In summary, our findings suggest that the serum carotenoids are under strong additive genetic influences and may have differential effects on susceptibility to CMTs in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Mummidi
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.
| | - Vidya S Farook
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Lavanya Reddivari
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Joselin Hernandez-Ruiz
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Diaz-Badillo
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Sharon P Fowler
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roy G Resendez
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Feroz Akhtar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Lehman
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christopher P Jenkinson
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Rector Arya
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Jane L Lynch
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jose A Canas
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Hale
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Jairam K P Vanamala
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chatelaine H, Dey P, Mo X, Mah E, Bruno RS, Kopec RE. Vitamin A and D Absorption in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome versus Healthy Controls: A Pilot Study Utilizing Targeted and Untargeted LC-MS Lipidomics. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000413. [PMID: 33167078 PMCID: PMC7902427 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Persons with metabolic syndrome (MetS) absorb less vitamin E than healthy controls. It is hypothesized that absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (FSV) A and D2 would also decrease with MetS status and that trends would be reflected in lipidomic responses between groups. METHODS AND RESULTS Following soymilk consumption (501 IU vitamin A, 119 IU vitamin D2 ), the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fractions (TRL) from MetS and healthy subjects (n = 10 age- and gender-matched subjects/group) are assessed using LC-MS/MS. Absorption is calculated using area under the time-concentration curves (AUC) from samples collected at 0, 3, and 6 h post-ingestion. MetS subjects have ≈6.4-fold higher median vitamin A AUC (retinyl palmitate) versus healthy controls (P = 0.07). Vitamin D2 AUC is unaffected by MetS status (P = 0.48). Untargeted LC-MS lipidomics reveals six phospholipids and one cholesterol ester with concentrations correlating (r = 0.53-0.68; P < 0.001) with vitamin A concentration. CONCLUSIONS The vitamin A-phospholipid association suggests increased hydrolysis by PLB, PLRP2, and/or PLA2 IB may be involved in the trend in higher vitamin A bioavailability in MetS subjects. Previously observed differences in circulating levels of these vitamins are likely not due to absorption. Alternate strategies should be investigated to improve FSV status in MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haley Chatelaine
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL
| | - Richard S. Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Rachel E. Kopec
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Harrison EH, Kopec RE. Enzymology of vertebrate carotenoid oxygenases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158653. [PMID: 32035229 PMCID: PMC10655466 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mammals and higher vertebrates including humans have only three members of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase family of enzymes. This review focuses on the two that function as carotenoid oxygenases. β-Carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase (BCO1) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of the central 15,15' carbon-carbon double of β-carotene bond by addition of molecular oxygen. The product of the reaction is retinaldehyde (retinal or β-apo-15-carotenal). Thus, BCO1 is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A. It also cleaves the 15,15' bond of β-apocarotenals to yield retinal and of lycopene to yield apo-15-lycopenal. β-Carotene 9',10'-dioxygenase (BCO2) catalyzes the cleavage of the 9,10 and 9',10' double bonds of a wider variety of carotenoids, including both provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoids, as well as the xanthophylls, lutein and zeaxanthin. Indeed, the enzyme shows a marked preference for utilization of these xanthophylls and other substrates with hydroxylated terminal rings. Studies of the phenotypes of BCO1 null, BCO2 null, and BCO1/2 double knockout mice and of humans with polymorphisms in the enzymes, has clarified the role of these enzymes in whole body carotenoid and vitamin A homeostasis. These studies also demonstrate the relationship between enzyme expression and whole body lipid and energy metabolism and oxidative stress. In addition, relationships between BCO1 and BCO2 and the development or risk of metabolic diseases, eye diseases and cancer have been observed. While the precise roles of the enzymes in the pathophysiology of most of these diseases is not presently clear, these gaps in knowledge provide fertile ground for rigorous future investigations. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids: Recent Advances in Cell and Molecular Biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Earl H Harrison
- Program in Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Ohio State Biochemistry Program, USA.
| | - Rachel E Kopec
- Program in Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Foods for Health Discovery Theme, Ohio State University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Riddle MR, Aspiras A, Damen F, Hutchinson JN, Chinnapen D, Tabin J, Tabin CJ. Genetic architecture underlying changes in carotenoid accumulation during the evolution of the blind Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2020; 334:405-422. [PMID: 32488995 PMCID: PMC7708440 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are lipid-soluble yellow to orange pigments produced by plants, bacteria, and fungi. They are consumed by animals and metabolized to produce molecules essential for gene regulation, vision, and pigmentation. Cave animals represent an interesting opportunity to understand how carotenoid utilization evolves. Caves are devoid of light, eliminating primary production of energy through photosynthesis and, therefore, limiting carotenoid availability. Moreover, the selective pressures that favor carotenoid-based traits, like pigmentation and vision, are relaxed. Astyanax mexicanus is a species of fish with multiple river-adapted (surface) and cave-adapted populations (i.e., Tinaja, Pachón, Molino). Cavefish exhibit regressive features, such as loss of eyes and melanin pigment, and constructive traits, like increased sensory neuromasts and starvation resistance. Here, we show that, unlike surface fish, Tinaja and Pachón cavefish accumulate carotenoids in the visceral adipose tissue. Carotenoid accumulation is not observed in Molino cavefish, indicating that it is not an obligatory consequence of eye loss. We used quantitative trait loci mapping and RNA sequencing to investigate genetic changes associated with carotenoid accumulation. Our findings suggest that multiple stages of carotenoid processing may be altered in cavefish, including absorption and transport of lipids, cleavage of carotenoids into unpigmented molecules, and differential development of intestinal cell types involved in carotenoid assimilation. Our study establishes A. mexicanus as a model to study the genetic basis of natural variation in carotenoid accumulation and how it impacts physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misty R. Riddle
- Genetics Department, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ariel Aspiras
- Genetics Department, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Current affiliation: Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Fleur Damen
- Genetics Department, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - John N. Hutchinson
- Department of Biostatistics, The Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Daniel Chinnapen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Julius Tabin
- Genetics Department, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Clifford J. Tabin
- Genetics Department, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vats S, Bansal R, Rana N, Kumawat S, Bhatt V, Jadhav P, Kale V, Sathe A, Sonah H, Jugdaohsingh R, Sharma TR, Deshmukh R. Unexplored nutritive potential of tomato to combat global malnutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1003-1034. [PMID: 33086895 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1832954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tomato, a widely consumed vegetable crop, offers a real potential to combat human nutritional deficiencies. Tomatoes are rich in micronutrients and other bioactive compounds (including vitamins, carotenoids, and minerals) that are known to be essential or beneficial for human health. This review highlights the current state of the art in the molecular understanding of the nutritional aspects, conventional and molecular breeding efforts, and biofortification studies undertaken to improve the nutritional content and quality of tomato. Transcriptomics and metabolomics studies, which offer a deeper understanding of the molecular regulation of the tomato's nutrients, are discussed. The potential uses of the wastes from the tomato processing industry (i.e., the peels and seed extracts) that are particularly rich in oils and proteins are also discussed. Recent advancements with CRISPR/Cas mediated gene-editing technology provide enormous opportunities to enhance the nutritional content of agricultural produces, including tomatoes. In this regard, genome editing efforts with respect to biofortification in the tomato plant are also discussed. The recent technological advancements and knowledge gaps described herein aim to help explore the unexplored nutritional potential of the tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanskriti Vats
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nitika Rana
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surbhi Kumawat
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vacha Bhatt
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MS, India
| | - Pravin Jadhav
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, MS, India
| | - Vijay Kale
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, MS, India
| | - Atul Sathe
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gleize B, Hiolle M, Meunier N, Pereira B, Richard R, Savary‐Auzeloux I, Buffière C, Peyron M, Halimi C, Caris‐Veyrat C, Nau F, Reboul E. Food Structure Modulates the Bioavailability of Triglycerides and Vitamin D, and Partly That of Lutein: A Randomized Trial with a Crossover Design in Adults. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000228. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manon Hiolle
- STLO, INRAE AGROCAMPUS OUEST Rennes 35042 France
| | - Nathalie Meunier
- CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand 63000 France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont‐Ferrand DRCI Clermont‐Ferrand 63000 France
| | - Ruddy Richard
- CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand 63000 France
- CHU Clermont‐Ferrand DRCI Clermont‐Ferrand 63000 France
| | - Isabelle Savary‐Auzeloux
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, UMR1019 University Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand F‐63000 France
| | - Caroline Buffière
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, UMR1019 University Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand F‐63000 France
| | - Marie‐Agnès Peyron
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, UMR1019 University Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand F‐63000 France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bhat I, Yathisha UG, Karunasagar I, Mamatha BS. Nutraceutical approach to enhance lutein bioavailability via nanodelivery systems. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:709-724. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Lutein, a potent dietary carotenoid, has considerable biological activity and confers protection against age-related macular degeneration. Its bioavailability following consumption, however, depends on its rate of degradation. Nanodelivery systems with improved efficacy and stability are currently being developed to increase the bioavailability of lutein. This review examines nutraceutical approaches used in the development of such nanodelivery systems. It describes the methods of lutein preparation, the characteristics of various delivery systems, and the lutein delivery profile. In order to enhance lutein loading, provide electrostatic stabilization, and achieve the controlled release of lutein, adjuvants such as dextran moieties, whey proteins, medium-chain triglycerides, and chitosan polymers can be used to effectively reduce the particle size (< 70 nm) and improve encapsulation efficiency (to 99.5%). The improved bioavailability of lutein via nanocrystals incorporated into rapidly dissolving films for oral consumption is a new area of exploratory research. This review aims to provide clarity about current research aimed at enhancing the bioavailability of lutein through the development of nanodelivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Bhat
- Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Undiganalu Gangadharappa Yathisha
- Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bangera Sheshappa Mamatha
- Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nikolic M, Konic Ristic A, González-Sarrías A, Istas G, Urpi-Sarda M, Dall'Asta M, Monfoulet LE, Cloetens L, Bayram B, Tumolo MR, Chervenkov M, Scoditti E, Massaro M, Tejera N, Abadjieva D, Chambers K, Krga I, Tomás-Barberán FA, Morand C, Feliciano R, García-Villalba R, Garcia-Aloy M, Mena P. Improving the reporting quality of intervention trials addressing the inter-individual variability in response to the consumption of plant bioactives: quality index and recommendations. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:49-64. [PMID: 31492976 PMCID: PMC6851030 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The quality of the study design and data reporting in human trials dealing with the inter-individual variability in response to the consumption of plant bioactives is, in general, low. There is a lack of recommendations supporting the scientific community on this topic. This study aimed at developing a quality index to assist the assessment of the reporting quality of intervention trials addressing the inter-individual variability in response to plant bioactive consumption. Recommendations for better designing and reporting studies were discussed. METHODS The selection of the parameters used for the development of the quality index was carried out in agreement with the scientific community through a survey. Parameters were defined, grouped into categories, and scored for different quality levels. The applicability of the scoring system was tested in terms of consistency and effort, and its validity was assessed by comparison with a simultaneous evaluation by experts' criteria. RESULTS The "POSITIVe quality index" included 11 reporting criteria grouped into four categories (Statistics, Reporting, Data presentation, and Individual data availability). It was supported by detailed definitions and guidance for their scoring. The quality index score was tested, and the index demonstrated to be valid, reliable, and responsive. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of the reporting quality of studies addressing inter-individual variability in response to plant bioactives highlighted the aspects requiring major improvements. Specific tools and recommendations favoring a complete and transparent reporting on inter-individual variability have been provided to support the scientific community on this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nikolic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Konic Ristic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Geoffrey Istas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mireia Urpi-Sarda
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma De Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margherita Dall'Asta
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Laurent-Emmanuel Monfoulet
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Banu Bayram
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maria Rosaria Tumolo
- Research Unit of Brindisi, Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Mihail Chervenkov
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Marika Massaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Noemi Tejera
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Desislava Abadjieva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Karen Chambers
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Irena Krga
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Christine Morand
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rodrigo Feliciano
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma De Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Landberg R, Manach C, Kerckhof FM, Minihane AM, Saleh RNM, De Roos B, Tomas-Barberan F, Morand C, Van de Wiele T. Future prospects for dissecting inter-individual variability in the absorption, distribution and elimination of plant bioactives of relevance for cardiometabolic endpoints. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:21-36. [PMID: 31642982 PMCID: PMC6851035 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The health-promoting potential of food-derived plant bioactive compounds is evident but not always consistent across studies. Large inter-individual variability may originate from differences in digestion, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME). ADME can be modulated by age, sex, dietary habits, microbiome composition, genetic variation, drug exposure and many other factors. Within the recent COST Action POSITIVe, large-scale literature surveys were undertaken to identify the reasons and extent of inter-individual variability in ADME of selected plant bioactive compounds of importance to cardiometabolic health. The aim of the present review is to summarize the findings and suggest a framework for future studies designed to investigate the etiology of inter-individual variability in plant bioactive ADME and bioefficacy. RESULTS Few studies have reported individual data on the ADME of bioactive compounds and on determinants such as age, diet, lifestyle, health status and medication, thereby limiting a mechanistic understanding of the main drivers of variation in ADME processes observed across individuals. Metabolomics represent crucial techniques to decipher inter-individual variability and to stratify individuals according to metabotypes reflecting the intrinsic capacity to absorb and metabolize bioactive compounds. CONCLUSION A methodological framework was developed to decipher how the contribution from genetic variants or microbiome variants to ADME of bioactive compounds can be predicted. Future study design should include (1) a larger number of study participants, (2) individual and full profiling of all possible determinants of internal exposure, (3) the presentation of individual ADME data and (4) incorporation of omics platforms, such as genomics, microbiomics and metabolomics in ADME and efficacy studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Claudine Manach
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frederiek-Maarten Kerckhof
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
| | - Rasha Noureldin M Saleh
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
| | - Baukje De Roos
- University of Aberdeen, the Rowett Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Francisco Tomas-Barberan
- Food and Health Laboratory, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Christine Morand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Borel P, Desmarchelier C. Bioavailability of Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Phytochemicals in Humans: Effects of Genetic Variation. Annu Rev Nutr 2019; 38:69-96. [PMID: 30130464 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082117-051628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent data have shown that interindividual variability in the bioavailability of vitamins A (β-carotene), D, and E, and carotenoids (lutein and lycopene), as well as that of phytosterols, is modulated by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The identified SNPs are in or near genes involved in intestinal uptake or efflux of these compounds, as well as in genes involved in their metabolism and transport. The phenotypic effect of each SNP is usually low, but combinations of SNPs can explain a significant part of the variability. Nevertheless, results from these studies should be considered preliminary since they have not been validated in other cohorts. Guidelines for future studies are provided to ensure that sound associations are elucidated that can be used to build consolidated genetic scores that may allow recommended dietary allowances to be tailored to individuals or groups by taking into account the multiloci genotypic signature of people of different ethnic origin or even of individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Borel
- C2VN, INRA, INSERM, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; ,
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Network Analysis of the Potential Role of DNA Methylation in the Relationship between Plasma Carotenoids and Lipid Profile. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061265. [PMID: 31167428 PMCID: PMC6628241 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Variability in plasma carotenoids may be attributable to several factors including genetic variants and lipid profile. Until now, the impact of DNA methylation on this variability has not been widely studied. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) is a systems biology method used for finding gene clusters (modules) with highly correlated methylation levels and for relating them to phenotypic traits. The objective of the present study was to examine the role of DNA methylation in the relationship between plasma total carotenoid concentrations and lipid profile using WGCNA in 48 healthy subjects. Genome-wide DNA methylation levels of 20,687 out of 472,245 CpG sites in blood leukocytes were associated with total carotenoid concentrations. Using WGCNA, nine co-methylation modules were identified. A total of 2734 hub genes (17 unique top hub genes) were potentially related to lipid profile. This study provides evidence for the potential implications of gene co-methylation in the relationship between plasma carotenoids and lipid profile. Further studies and validation of the hub genes are needed.
Collapse
|
27
|
Mena P, Ludwig IA, Tomatis VB, Acharjee A, Calani L, Rosi A, Brighenti F, Ray S, Griffin JL, Bluck LJ, Del Rio D. Inter-individual variability in the production of flavan-3-ol colonic metabolites: preliminary elucidation of urinary metabotypes. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:1529-1543. [PMID: 29616322 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is much information on the bioavailability of (poly)phenolic compounds following acute intake of various foods. However, there are only limited data on the effects of repeated and combined exposure to specific (poly)phenol food sources and the inter-individual variability in their bioavailability. This study evaluated the combined urinary excretion of (poly)phenols from green tea and coffee following daily consumption by healthy subjects in free-living conditions. The inter-individual variability in the production of phenolic metabolites was also investigated. METHODS Eleven participants consumed both tablets of green tea and green coffee bean extracts daily for 8 weeks and 24-h urine was collected on five different occasions. The urinary profile of phenolic metabolites and a set of multivariate statistical tests were used to investigate the putative existence of characteristic metabotypes in the production of flavan-3-ol microbial metabolites. RESULTS (Poly)phenolic compounds in the green tea and green coffee bean extracts were absorbed and excreted after simultaneous consumption, with green tea resulting in more inter-individual variability in urinary excretion of phenolic metabolites. Three metabotypes in the production of flavan-3-ol microbial metabolites were tentatively defined, characterized by the excretion of different amounts of trihydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactones, dihydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactones, and hydroxyphenylpropionic acids. CONCLUSIONS The selective production of microbiota-derived metabolites from flavan-3-ols and the putative existence of characteristic metabotypes in their production represent an important development in the study of the bioavailability of plant bioactives. These observations will contribute to better understand the health effects and individual differences associated with consumption of flavan-3-ols, arguably the main class of flavonoids in the human diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
| | - Iziar A Ludwig
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
- Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Virginia B Tomatis
- UK Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Animesh Acharjee
- UK Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luca Calani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Rosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Sumantra Ray
- UK Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research), Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- UK Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Les J Bluck
- UK Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research), Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tremblay BL, Guénard F, Lamarche B, Pérusse L, Vohl MC. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis to explain the relationship between plasma total carotenoids and lipid profile. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:16. [PMID: 31086608 PMCID: PMC6505263 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Variability in circulating carotenoids may be attributable to several factors including, among others, genetic variants and lipid profile. However, relatively few studies have considered the impact of gene expression in the inter-individual variability in circulating carotenoids. Most studies considered expression of genes individually and ignored their high degree of interconnection. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is a systems biology method used for finding gene clusters with highly correlated expression levels and for relating them to phenotypic traits. The objective of the present observational study is to examine the relationship between plasma total carotenoid concentrations and lipid profile using WGCNA. Results Whole blood expression levels of 533 probes were associated with plasma total carotenoids. Among the four WGCNA distinct modules identified, turquoise, blue, and brown modules correlated with plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol. Probes showing a strong association with HDL-C and total cholesterol were also the most important elements of the brown and blue modules. A total of four and 29 hub genes associated with total carotenoids were potentially related to HDL-C and total cholesterol, respectively. Conclusions Expression levels of 533 probes were associated with plasma total carotenoid concentrations. Using WGCNA, four modules and several hub genes related to lipid and carotenoid metabolism were identified. This integrative analysis provides evidence for the potential role of gene co-expression in the relationship between carotenoids and lipid concentrations. Further studies and validation of the hub genes are needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12263-019-0639-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte L Tremblay
- 1Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada.,2School of Nutrition, Laval University, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- 1Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada.,2School of Nutrition, Laval University, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- 1Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada.,2School of Nutrition, Laval University, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Louis Pérusse
- 1Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada.,3Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, 2300 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- 1Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada.,2School of Nutrition, Laval University, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dietary Antioxidants, Macular Pigment, and Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration: A Review of the Evidence. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051002. [PMID: 31052471 PMCID: PMC6567242 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and the prevalence is projected to increase to 112 million worldwide by 2040. Intraocular pressure is currently the only proven modifiable risk factor to treat POAG, but recent evidence suggests a link between antioxidant levels and risk for prevalent glaucoma. Studies have found that antioxidant levels are lower in the serum and aqueous humor of glaucoma patients. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the evidence linking oxidative stress to glaucomatous pathology, followed by an in-depth discussion of epidemiological studies and clinical trials of antioxidant consumption and glaucomatous visual field loss. Lastly, we highlight a possible role for antioxidant carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin, which accumulate in the retina to form macular pigment, as evidence has emerged supporting an association between macular pigment levels and age-related eye disease, including glaucoma. We conclude that the evidence base is inconsistent in showing causal links between dietary antioxidants and glaucoma risk, and that prospective studies are needed to further investigate the possible relationship between macular pigment levels and glaucoma risk specifically.
Collapse
|
30
|
β-Carotene in the human body: metabolic bioactivation pathways - from digestion to tissue distribution and excretion. Proc Nutr Soc 2019; 78:68-87. [PMID: 30747092 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665118002641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
β-Carotene intake and tissue/blood concentrations have been associated with reduced incidence of several chronic diseases. Further bioactive carotenoid-metabolites can modulate the expression of specific genes mainly via the nuclear hormone receptors: retinoic acid receptor- and retinoid X receptor-mediated signalling. To better understand the metabolic conversion of β-carotene, inter-individual differences regarding β-carotene bioavailability and bioactivity are key steps that determine its further metabolism and bioactivation and mediated signalling. Major carotenoid metabolites, the retinoids, can be stored as esters or further oxidised and excreted via phase 2 metabolism pathways. In this review, we aim to highlight the major critical control points that determine the fate of β-carotene in the human body, with a special emphasis on β-carotene oxygenase 1. The hypothesis that higher dietary β-carotene intake and serum level results in higher β-carotene-mediated signalling is partly questioned. Alternative autoregulatory mechanisms in β-carotene / retinoid-mediated signalling are highlighted to better predict and optimise nutritional strategies involving β-carotene-related health beneficial mediated effects.
Collapse
|
31
|
Reboul E. Mechanisms of Carotenoid Intestinal Absorption: Where Do We Stand? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040838. [PMID: 31013870 PMCID: PMC6520933 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing literature is dedicated to the understanding of carotenoid beneficial health effects. However, the absorption process of this broad family of molecules is still poorly understood. These highly lipophilic plant metabolites are usually weakly absorbed. It was long believed that β-carotene absorption (the principal provitamin A carotenoid in the human diet), and thus all other carotenoid absorption, was driven by passive diffusion through the brush border of the enterocytes. The identification of transporters able to facilitate carotenoid uptake by the enterocytes has challenged established statements. After a brief overview of carotenoid metabolism in the human upper gastrointestinal tract, a focus will be put on the identified proteins participating in the transport and the metabolism of carotenoids in intestinal cells and the regulation of these processes. Further progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating carotenoid intestinal absorption is still required to optimize their bioavailability and, thus, their health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Reboul
- Aix-Marseille University, INRA, INSERM, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Health professionals consider the evaluation of eating habits to be challenging, given the potential biases of dietary questionnaires based on self-reported data. Circulating carotenoid concentrations are reliable biomarkers of dietary carotenoid intake and could be useful in the validation of dietary assessment tools. However, there is a sex difference in circulating carotenoids, with women displaying higher concentrations compared with men independent of intake. The aim of the present study was to identify the correlates of plasma carotenoid concentrations among men (n 155) and women (n 110) enrolled in six fully controlled dietary interventions with varying dietary carotenoid intakes. We looked at the associations of post-intervention fasting plasma carotenoid concentrations (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene and zeaxanthin) with physical and metabolic characteristics. We found that increased body weight (r -0·47, P<0·0001) and waist circumference (r -0·46, P<0·0001) were associated with lower plasma total carotenoid concentrations, while elevated plasma LDL-cholesterol (r 0·49, P<0·0001) and HDL-cholesterol (r 0·50, P<0·0001) concentrations were correlated with higher total carotenoids in plasma. Women had significantly higher plasma total carotenoid concentrations compared with men, despite significantly lower dietary carotenoid intake. Adjustment of circulating carotenoid concentrations for plasma HDL-cholesterol eliminated sex difference in plasma carotenoid concentrations. Our results suggest that physical characteristics as well as plasma lipids are associated with circulating carotenoid concentrations and that these variables should be taken into account when using plasma carotenoids as biomarkers for food intake in men and women.
Collapse
|
33
|
Desmarchelier C, Landrier JF, Borel P. Genetic factors involved in the bioavailability of tomato carotenoids. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2018; 21:489-497. [PMID: 30277929 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an update on the genetic factors recently associated with the interindividual variability of tomato carotenoid bioavailability. RECENT FINDINGS Several clinical studies have demonstrated that the main carotenoids found in tomatoes (lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene, β-carotene, lutein) all display relatively large interindividual variabilities of their bioavailability, with coefficients of variations more than 70%. The bioavailability of the parent molecules, and the blood/tissue appearance of their metabolites, is modulated by numerous proteins, involved in intestinal absorption and metabolism, blood lipoprotein transport or tissue uptake. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with the interindividual variability of lycopene, lutein and β-carotene bioavailability, with six genes consistently shared between the three carotenoids, and in particular one SNP in ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2. The effects of the genetic variants taken separately are relatively low, that is each variant is usually associated with only a few percentage of the variability but multivariate analyses suggest that the additive effect of several genetic variants can explain a significant fraction of tomato carotenoid bioavailability. SUMMARY Additional studies are needed to improve our knowledge of the genetic determinants of tomato carotenoid bioavailability but progress in this field could one day allow nutritionists to provide more personalized dietary recommendations.
Collapse
|
34
|
Kopec RE, Caris-Veyrat C, Nowicki M, Gleize B, Carail M, Borel P. Production of asymmetric oxidative metabolites of [13C]-β-carotene during digestion in the gastrointestinal lumen of healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:803-813. [PMID: 30256893 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asymmetric β-apo-carotenoids (nonvitamin A-active metabolites) of provitamin A carotenoids have been observed in humans, but no study has investigated their formation during digestion. Objective The aim of this study was to follow the formation and absorption of asymmetric β-apo-carotenoids during digestion. Design Healthy men were intragastrically and intraduodenally intubated, and randomly assigned to consume a lipid-rich control meal (n = 3) or a lipid-rich test meal containing 20 mg [13C-10]-β-carotene (n = 7). Digesta samples were collected over 5 h, and blood collected over 7 h. The triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fractions of plasma were also isolated. Lipophilic extracts of digesta, plasma, and TRL were analyzed via a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method developed to identify [13C]-labeled β-apo-carotenals/carotenone, [13C]-β-apo-carotenols, and [13C]-β-apo-carotenoic acids. Results Relative to [13C]-β-carotene, [13C]-β-apo-carotenal levels remained ∼3 orders of magnitude lower throughout digestion (no [13C]-β-apo-carotenols, or [13C]-β-apo-carotenoic acids were observed). A mixed model determined relative influence of digesta type and time on digesta metabolite level. Increasing time significantly increased the model levels of digesta [13C]-β-apo-10',12',14',15-carotenal and [13C]-β-apo-13-carotenone (P < 0.05) and trended toward decreased [13C]-β-apo-8'-carotenal (P = 0.0876). Gastric digesta were associated with a significantly higher level of [13C]-β-apo-8'-carotenal (P = 0.0289), and lower levels of [13C]-β-apo-12',14',15-carotenal (P < 0.05), relative to duodenal digesta. Anticipated retinoids, but no asymmetric [13C]-β-apo-carotenals, [13C]-β-apo-carotenols, or [13C]-β-apo-carotenoic acids, were observed in the blood or TRL samples. Conclusions β-Carotene appears to be robust to digestion, with minor amounts of β-apo-carotenals/carotenone formed. Absence of asymmetric [13C]-β-apo-carotenals in plasma and TRL suggests lack of absorption, levels below the limit of detection, lack of stability, or further conversion during the digestive process to as-yet unidentified products. Lack of asymmetric [13C]-β-apo-carotenals in plasma also suggests a lack of postprandial intestinal BCO2 activity in healthy humans. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03492593.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Kopec
- INRA UMR408, University of Avignon, Avignon, France.,Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Marion Nowicki
- INRA, INSERM, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Patrick Borel
- INRA, INSERM, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ranard KM, Jeon S, Mohn ES, Griffiths JC, Johnson EJ, Erdman JW. Dietary guidance for lutein: consideration for intake recommendations is scientifically supported. Eur J Nutr 2018; 56:37-42. [PMID: 29149368 PMCID: PMC5715043 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lutein, a yellow xanthophyll carotenoid found in egg yolks and many colorful fruits and vegetables, has gained public health interest for its putative role in visual performance and reducing the risk of age-related macular degeneration. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine's recommended Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) focus on preventing deficiency and toxicity, but there is a budding interest in establishing DRI-like guidelines for non-essential bioactives, like lutein, that promote optimal health and/or prevent chronic diseases. Lupton et al. developed a set of nine criteria to determine whether a bioactive is ready to be considered for DRI-like recommendations. These criteria include: (1) an accepted definition; (2) a reliable analysis method; (3) a food database with known amounts of the bioactive; (4) cohort studies; (5) clinical trials on metabolic processes; (6) clinical trials for dose-response and efficacy; (7) safety data; (8) systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses; (9) a plausible biological rationale. Based on a review of the literature supporting these criteria, lutein is ready to be considered for intake recommendations. Establishing dietary guidance for lutein would encourage the consumption of lutein-containing foods and raise public awareness about its potential health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Ranard
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sookyoung Jeon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Emily S Mohn
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James C Griffiths
- Science and International Affairs, Council for Responsible Nutrition-International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 455 Bevier Hall, 905 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Moran NE, Mohn ES, Hason N, Erdman JW, Johnson EJ. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Impacting Absorption, Metabolism, and Health Effects of Dietary Carotenoids. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:465-492. [PMID: 30032230 PMCID: PMC6054194 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are orange, yellow, and red lipophilic pigments present in many fruit and vegetables, as well as other food groups. Some carotenoids contribute to vitamin A requirements. The consumption and blood concentrations of specific carotenoids have been associated with reduced risks of a number of chronic conditions. However, the interpretation of large, population-based observational and prospective clinical trials is often complicated by the many extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect the physiologic response to carotenoids. Extrinsic factors affecting carotenoid bioavailability include food-based factors, such as co-consumed lipid, food processing, and molecular structure, as well as environmental factors, such as interactions with prescription drugs, smoking, or alcohol consumption. Intrinsic, physiologic factors associated with blood and tissue carotenoid concentrations include age, body composition, hormonal fluctuations, and variation in genes associated with carotenoid absorption and metabolism. To most effectively investigate carotenoid bioactivity and to utilize blood or tissue carotenoid concentrations as biomarkers of intake, investigators should either experimentally or statistically control for confounding variables affecting the bioavailability, tissue distribution, and metabolism of carotene and xanthophyll species. Although much remains to be investigated, recent advances have highlighted that lipid co-consumption, baseline vitamin A status, smoking, body mass and body fat distribution, and genetics are relevant covariates for interpreting blood serum or plasma carotenoid responses. These and other intrinsic and extrinsic factors are discussed, highlighting remaining gaps in knowledge and opportunities for future research. To provide context, we review the state of knowledge with regard to the prominent health effects of carotenoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Moran
- USDA–Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Emily S Mohn
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Noor Hason
- USDA–Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - John W Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Giordano E, Quadro L. Lutein, zeaxanthin and mammalian development: Metabolism, functions and implications for health. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 647:33-40. [PMID: 29654731 PMCID: PMC5949277 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that nutrition during critical periods in early development, both pre- and postnatal, may have lifetime consequences in determining health or onset of major diseases in the adult life. Dietary carotenoids have shown beneficial health effects throughout the life cycle due to their potential antioxidant properties, their ability to serves as precursors of vitamin A and to the emerging signaling functions of their metabolites. The non-provitamin A carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin are emerging as important modulators of infant and child visual and cognitive development, as well as critical effectors in the prevention and treatment of morbidity associated with premature births. This review provides a general overview of lutein and zeaxanthin metabolism in mammalian tissues and highlights the major advancements and remaining gaps in knowledge in regards to their metabolism and health effects during pre- and early post-natal development. Furthering our knowledge in this area of research will impact dietary recommendation and supplementation strategies aimed at sustaining proper fetal and infant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giordano
- Department of Food Science; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Loredana Quadro
- Department of Food Science; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kopec RE, Failla ML. Recent advances in the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids and effects of other dietary lipophiles. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
39
|
The urinary phenolic acid profile varies between younger and older adults after a polyphenol-rich meal despite limited differences in in vitro colonic catabolism. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1095-1111. [PMID: 29488010 PMCID: PMC6499760 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether age influences colonic polyphenol metabolism. METHODS Healthy participants, younger (n = 8; 23-43 years) and older (n = 13; 51-76 years), followed a 3-day low-polyphenol diet (LPD) and a 3-day high-polyphenol diet (HPD). Urinary phenolic acids (PA), short chain fatty acids (SCFA), pH and gas were monitored, alongside selected colonic bacteria. Human faecal in vitro fermentations of rutin with or without raftiline were used to evaluate the gut microbiota capacity in a subset of both groups. RESULTS Total urinary PA were higher in the older group after HPD compared to the younger group (1.5-fold; p = 0.04), with no difference between groups in terms of a change between diets (Δ high-low diet). While 17 PA were detected in all younger participants after HPD, a narrower range (n = 8 to 16 PA) was detected in most (n = 9/13) older participants, with lower level of benzoic acid (19-fold; p = 0.03), vanillic acid (4.5-fold; p = 0.04) but higher hippuric acid (2.7-fold; p = 0.03). Faecal SCFA concentration did not change after HPD within group, with similar differential excretion (Δ high-low diet) between groups. There were no differences between groups for faecal pH, total, faecal bacteria including Flavonifractor plautii, bifidobacteria, and bacteroides. In human in vitro faecal fermentations, seven PAs were detected in both groups after 24 h of rutin fermentation, with no quantitative and modest qualitative differences between groups. Total SCFA in faecal fermentation did not differ between groups, except for butyric acid (twofold higher in the older group; p = 0.009) when rutin was fermented with raftiline over 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Urinary phenolic acids were less diverse in older participants despite limited difference in functional capacity of in vitro faecal fermentations.
Collapse
|
40
|
Silva S, Garcia-Aloy M, Figueira ME, Combet E, Mullen W, Bronze MR. High Resolution Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Secoiridoids and Metabolites as Biomarkers of Acute Olive Oil Intake-An Approach to Study Interindividual Variability in Humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Silva
- iBET; Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica; Oeiras Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory; Department of Nutrition; Food Sciences and Gastronomy; Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA); Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA); Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria Eduardo Figueira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Emilie Combet
- Human Nutrition; School of Medicine; Dentistry and Nursing; College of Medical; Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - William Mullen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - Maria Rosário Bronze
- iBET; Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica; Oeiras Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Effect of aggregation form on bioavailability of zeaxanthin in humans: a randomised cross-over study. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:698-706. [PMID: 29185931 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517002653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid bioavailability from plant and animal food is highly variable depending on numerous factors such as the physical deposition form of carotenoids. As the carotenoid zeaxanthin is believed to play an important role in eye and brain health, we sought to compare the human bioavailability of an H-aggregated with that of a J-aggregated deposition form of zeaxanthin encapsulated into identical formulation matrices. A randomised two-way cross-over study with sixteen participants was designed to compare the post-prandial bioavailability of an H-aggregated zeaxanthin and a J-aggregated zeaxanthin dipalmitate formulation, both delivering 10 mg of free zeaxanthin. Carotenoid levels in TAG-rich lipoprotein fractions were analysed over 9·5 h after test meal consumption. Bioavailability from the J-aggregated formulation (AUC=55·9 nmol h/l) was 23 % higher than from the H-aggregated one (AUC=45·5 nmol h/l), although being only marginally significant (P=0·064). Furthermore, the same formulations were subjected to an internationally recognised in vitro digestion protocol to reveal potential strengths and weaknesses of simulated digestions. In agreement with our human study, liberation of zeaxanthin from the J-aggregated formulation into the simulated duodenal fluids was superior to that from the H-aggregated form. However, micellization rate (bioaccessibility) of the J-aggregated zeaxanthin dipalmitate was lower than that of the H-aggregated zeaxanthin, being contradictory to our in vivo results. An insufficient ester cleavage during simulated digestion was suggested to be the root cause for these observations. In brief, combining our in vitro and in vivo observations, the effect of the different aggregation forms on human bioavailability was lower than expected.
Collapse
|
42
|
Desmarchelier C, Borel P. Overview of carotenoid bioavailability determinants: From dietary factors to host genetic variations. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
43
|
Bohn T, Carriere F, Day L, Deglaire A, Egger L, Freitas D, Golding M, Le Feunteun S, Macierzanka A, Menard O, Miralles B, Moscovici A, Portmann R, Recio I, Rémond D, Santé-Lhoutelier V, Wooster TJ, Lesmes U, Mackie AR, Dupont D. Correlation between in vitro and in vivo data on food digestion. What can we predict with static in vitro digestion models? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2239-2261. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1315362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | | | - L. Day
- Agresearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - L. Egger
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Golding
- Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | - A. Moscovici
- Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - R. Portmann
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - T. J. Wooster
- Nestlé Research Centre, Nestec S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - U. Lesmes
- Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Current evidence suggests lutein and its isomers play important roles in ocular development in utero and throughout the life span, in vision performance in young and later adulthood, and in lowering risk for the development of common age-related eye diseases in older age. These xanthophyll (oxygen-containing) carotenoids are found in a wide variety of vegetables and fruits, and they are present in especially high concentrations in leafy green vegetables. Additionally, egg yolks and human milk appear to be bioavailable sources. The prevalence of lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin in supplements is increasing. Setting optimal and safe ranges of intake requires additional research, particularly in pregnant and lactating women. Accumulating evidence about variable interindividual response to dietary intake of these carotenoids, based on genetic or metabolic influences, suggests that there may be subgroups that benefit from higher levels of intake and/or alternate strategies to improve lutein and zeaxanthin status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mares
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-2336;
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Manach C, Milenkovic D, Van de Wiele T, Rodriguez‐Mateos A, de Roos B, Garcia‐Conesa MT, Landberg R, Gibney ER, Heinonen M, Tomás‐Barberán F, Morand C. Addressing the inter-individual variation in response to consumption of plant food bioactives: Towards a better understanding of their role in healthy aging and cardiometabolic risk reduction. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61:1600557. [PMID: 27687784 PMCID: PMC5484307 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds in plant-based foods have health properties that contribute to the prevention of age-related chronic diseases, particularly cardiometabolic disorders. Conclusive proof and understanding of these benefits in humans is essential in order to provide effective dietary recommendations but, so far, the evidence obtained from human intervention trials is limited and contradictory. This is partly due to differences between individuals in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of bioactive compounds, as well as to heterogeneity in their biological response regarding cardiometabolic health outcomes. Identifying the main factors underlying inter-individual differences, as well as developing new and innovative methodologies to account for such variability constitute an overarching goal to ultimately optimize the beneficial health effects of plant food bioactives for each and every one of us. In this respect, this position paper from the COST Action FA1403-POSITIVe examines the main factors likely to affect the individual responses to consumption of plant food bioactives and presents perspectives for assessment and consideration of inter-individual variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Manach
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand; Clermont UniversitéUniversité d'AuvergneUnité de Nutrition HumaineBP 10448F‐63000Clermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand; Clermont UniversitéUniversité d'AuvergneUnité de Nutrition HumaineBP 10448F‐63000Clermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET)Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Ana Rodriguez‐Mateos
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular MedicineMedical FacultyUniversity of DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Baukje de Roos
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Maria Teresa Garcia‐Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICCampus de EspinardoMurciaSpain
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Food ScienceSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
- Nutritional Epidemiology UnitInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and HealthUniversity College DublinDublinRepublic of Ireland
| | - Marina Heinonen
- Department of Food and Environmental SciencesFood ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Francisco Tomás‐Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICCampus de EspinardoMurciaSpain
| | - Christine Morand
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand; Clermont UniversitéUniversité d'AuvergneUnité de Nutrition HumaineBP 10448F‐63000Clermont‐FerrandFrance
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bohn T, Desmarchelier C, Dragsted LO, Nielsen CS, Stahl W, Rühl R, Keijer J, Borel P. Host-related factors explaining interindividual variability of carotenoid bioavailability and tissue concentrations in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61:1600685. [PMID: 28101967 PMCID: PMC5516247 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid dietary intake and their endogenous levels have been associated with a decreased risk of several chronic diseases. There are indications that carotenoid bioavailability depends, in addition to the food matrix, on host factors. These include diseases (e.g. colitis), life-style habits (e.g. smoking), gender and age, as well as genetic variations including single nucleotide polymorphisms that govern carotenoid metabolism. These are expected to explain interindividual differences that contribute to carotenoid uptake, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and therefore possibly also their association with disease risk. For instance, digestion enzymes fostering micellization (PNLIP, CES), expression of uptake/efflux transporters (SR-BI, CD36, NPC1L1), cleavage enzymes (BCO1/2), intracellular transporters (FABP2), secretion into chylomicrons (APOB, MTTP), carotenoid metabolism in the blood and liver (LPL, APO C/E, LDLR), and distribution to target tissues such as adipose tissue or macula (GSTP1, StARD3) depend on the activity of these proteins. In addition, human microbiota, e.g. via altering bile-acid concentrations, may play a role in carotenoid bioavailability. In order to comprehend individual, variable responses to these compounds, an improved knowledge on intra-/interindividual factors determining carotenoid bioavailability, including tissue distribution, is required. Here, we highlight the current knowledge on factors that may explain such intra-/interindividual differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of HealthStrassenLuxembourg
| | | | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Charlotte S. Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IHeinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Paprika Bioanalytics BTDebrecenHungary
- MTA‐DE Public Health Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of SciencesFaculty of Public HealthUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Patrick Borel
- NORT, Aix‐Marseille Université, INRAINSERMMarseilleFrance
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Granado-Lorencio F, Blanco-Navarro I, Pérez-Sacristán B, Hernández-Álvarez E. Biomarkers of carotenoid bioavailability. Food Res Int 2017; 99:902-916. [PMID: 28847427 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of biomarkers constitutes an essential tool to assess the bioavailability of carotenoids in humans. The present article aims to review several methodological, host-related and modulating factors relevant on assessing and interpreting carotenoid bioavailability. Markers for carotenoid bioavailability can be broadly divided into direct, biochemical or "analytical" markers and indirect, physiological or "functional" indicators. Analytical markers usually refer to biochemical indicators of intake and/or status (short and long term exposure) while functional measures may be interpreted in terms of cumulative exposure, biological effect (bioactivity) or modification of risk factors. Both types of markers display advantages and limitations but, in general, a relationship exists among the type of marker, the biological specimen needed and the time required for a change. Humans may absorb a wide range of carotenes and xanthophylls and many of them may be found in serum and tissues. However, under physiological conditions, the several classes of dietary carotenoids may behave unequally leading to a different systemic profile and, moreover, they can be selectively accumulated at target tissues. In addition, some carotenoids may be chemically and enzymatically modified generating different oxidative metabolites and apocarotenoids. Quantitatively, the biological response upon carotenoid intervention (assessed by analytical and functional markers) is highly variable but the use of large doses and long-term protocols may lead to saturation effects and the loss of linearity in the response. Also, despite carotenoid exposition is considered to be safe, markers of overexposure include clinical signs (i.e. carotenodermia, corneal rings and retinopathy) and biochemical indicators (hypercarotenemia, xanthophyll esters). Overall, both host-related and methodological factors may influence analytical and functional markers to assess carotenoid bioavailability although the different subclasses of carotenoids may not be equally affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Granado-Lorencio
- Grupo Metabolismo y Nutrición, IDIPHIM, Spain; Unidad de Vitaminas, Spain; Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain.
| | - I Blanco-Navarro
- Grupo Metabolismo y Nutrición, IDIPHIM, Spain; Unidad de Vitaminas, Spain; Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Pérez-Sacristán
- Grupo Metabolismo y Nutrición, IDIPHIM, Spain; Unidad de Vitaminas, Spain
| | - E Hernández-Álvarez
- Grupo Metabolismo y Nutrición, IDIPHIM, Spain; Unidad de Vitaminas, Spain; Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mohn ES, Erdman JW, Neuringer M, Kuchan MJ, Johnson EJ. Brain xanthophyll content and exploratory gene expression analysis: subspecies differences in rhesus macaque. GENES AND NUTRITION 2017; 12:9. [PMID: 28286579 PMCID: PMC5341479 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The dietary xanthophylls, lutein and zeaxanthin, accumulate in primate retina and brain, and emerging evidence indicates neural lutein content may be beneficial for cognition. Neural xanthophyll content in primates varies greatly among individuals, and genetic factors are likely to be significant contributors. Subspecies of rhesus macaques originating from different geographic locations are known to differ genetically, but the effect of origin on gene expression and carotenoid status has not been determined. The study objective was to determine whether xanthophyll status and expression of carotenoid-related genes, as well as genes with known variants between subspecies, differ between the brains of adult rhesus monkeys of Indian and Chinese origin. Methods Samples of prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, and striatum were collected from adult monkeys (n = 9) fed a standard stock diet containing carotenoids. Serum and brain carotenoids were determined using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. For each brain region, RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to determine differentially expressed genes between the subspecies. Results Indian-origin monkeys had higher xanthophyll levels in brain tissue compared to Chinese-origin monkeys despite consuming similar amounts of dietary carotenoids. In a region-specific manner, four genes related to carotenoid and fatty acid metabolism (BCO2, RPE65, ELOVL4, FADS2) and four genes involved in the immune response (CD4, CD74, CXCL12 LTBR) were differentially expressed between Indian- and Chinese-origin monkeys. Expression of all four genes involved in carotenoid and fatty acid metabolism were correlated with brain xanthophyll concentration in a region-specific manner. Conclusions These results indicate that origin is related to differences in both gene expression and xanthophyll content in the brain. Findings from this study may have important implications regarding genetic diversity, lutein status, and cognition in primates. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12263-017-0557-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Mohn
- Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
| | - John W Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Martha Neuringer
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon USA
| | | | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA.,Antioxidants Research Laboratory, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rubin LP, Ross AC, Stephensen CB, Bohn T, Tanumihardjo SA. Metabolic Effects of Inflammation on Vitamin A and Carotenoids in Humans and Animal Models. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:197-212. [PMID: 28298266 PMCID: PMC5347109 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.014167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between inflammation and vitamin A (VA) metabolism and status assessment has been documented in multiple studies with animals and humans. The relation between inflammation and carotenoid status is less clear. Nonetheless, it is well known that carotenoids are associated with certain health benefits. Understanding these relations is key to improving health outcomes and mortality risk in infants and young children. Hyporetinolemia, i.e., low serum retinol concentrations, occurs during inflammation, and this can lead to the misdiagnosis of VA deficiency. On the other hand, inflammation causes impaired VA absorption and urinary losses that can precipitate VA deficiency in at-risk groups of children. Many epidemiologic studies have suggested that high dietary carotenoid intake and elevated plasma concentrations are correlated with a decreased risk of several chronic diseases; however, large-scale carotenoid supplementation trials have been unable to confirm the health benefits and in some cases resulted in controversial results. However, it has been documented that dietary carotenoids and retinoids play important roles in innate and acquired immunity and in the body's response to inflammation. Although animal models have been useful in investigating retinoid effects on developmental immunity, it is more challenging to tease out the effects of carotenoids because of differences in the absorption, kinetics, and metabolism between humans and animal models. The current understanding of the relations between inflammation and retinoid and carotenoid metabolism and status are the topics of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis P Rubin
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX
| | | | | | - Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Strassen, Luxembourg; and
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Esatbeyoglu T, Rimbach G. Canthaxanthin: From molecule to function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science; University of Kiel; Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science; University of Kiel; Germany
| |
Collapse
|