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De Lazzari G, Opattova A, Arena S. Novel frontiers in urogenital cancers: from molecular bases to preclinical models to tailor personalized treatments in ovarian and prostate cancer patients. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:146. [PMID: 38750579 PMCID: PMC11094891 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the incidence of urogenital cancers has exhibited diverse trends influenced by screening programs and geographical variations. Among women, there has been a consistent or even increased occurrence of endometrial and ovarian cancers; conversely, prostate cancer remains one of the most diagnosed malignancies, with a rise in reported cases, partly due to enhanced and improved screening efforts.Simultaneously, the landscape of cancer therapeutics has undergone a remarkable evolution, encompassing the introduction of targeted therapies and significant advancements in traditional chemotherapy. Modern targeted treatments aim to selectively address the molecular aberrations driving cancer, minimizing adverse effects on normal cells. However, traditional chemotherapy retains its crucial role, offering a broad-spectrum approach that, despite its wider range of side effects, remains indispensable in the treatment of various cancers, often working synergistically with targeted therapies to enhance overall efficacy.For urogenital cancers, especially ovarian and prostate cancers, DNA damage response inhibitors, such as PARP inhibitors, have emerged as promising therapeutic avenues. In BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer, PARP inhibitors like olaparib and niraparib have demonstrated efficacy, leading to their approval for specific indications. Similarly, patients with DNA damage response mutations have shown sensitivity to these agents in prostate cancer, heralding a new frontier in disease management. Furthermore, the progression of ovarian and prostate cancer is intricately linked to hormonal regulation. Ovarian cancer development has also been associated with prolonged exposure to estrogen, while testosterone and its metabolite dihydrotestosterone, can fuel the growth of prostate cancer cells. Thus, understanding the interplay between hormones, DNA damage and repair mechanisms can hold promise for exploring novel targeted therapies for ovarian and prostate tumors.In addition, it is of primary importance the use of preclinical models that mirror as close as possible the biological and genetic features of patients' tumors in order to effectively translate novel therapeutic findings "from the bench to the bedside".In summary, the complex landscape of urogenital cancers underscores the need for innovative approaches. Targeted therapy tailored to DNA repair mechanisms and hormone regulation might offer promising avenues for improving the management and outcomes for patients affected by ovarian and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada De Lazzari
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genetics, Strada Provinciale 142, Km 3.95, Candiolo, TO, ZIP 10060, Italy
| | - Alena Opattova
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genetics, Strada Provinciale 142, Km 3.95, Candiolo, TO, ZIP 10060, Italy
| | - Sabrina Arena
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genetics, Strada Provinciale 142, Km 3.95, Candiolo, TO, ZIP 10060, Italy.
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Strada Provinciale 142, Km 3.95, Candiolo, TO, ZIP 10060, Italy.
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2
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Kim SM, Park N, Park HB, Lee J, Chun C, Kim KH, Choi JS, Kim HJ, Choi S, Lee JH. Exploring novel immunotherapy biomarker candidates induced by cancer deformation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303433. [PMID: 38743676 PMCID: PMC11093347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) demands urgent attention for the development of effective treatment strategies due to its aggressiveness and limited therapeutic options [1]. This research is primarily focused on identifying new biomarkers vital for immunotherapy, with the aim of developing tailored treatments specifically for TNBC, such as those targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. To achieve this, the study places a strong emphasis on investigating Ig genes, a characteristic of immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly genes expressing Ig-like domains with altered expression levels induced by "cancer deformation," a condition associated with cancer malignancy. Human cells can express approximately 800 Ig family genes, yet only a few Ig genes, including PD-1 and PD-L1, have been developed into immunotherapy drugs thus far. Therefore, we investigated the Ig genes that were either upregulated or downregulated by the artificial metastatic environment in TNBC cell line. As a result, we confirmed the upregulation of approximately 13 Ig genes and validated them using qPCR. In summary, our study proposes an approach for identifying new biomarkers applicable to future immunotherapies aimed at addressing challenging cases of TNBC where conventional treatments fall short.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Min Kim
- Life Science and Biotechnology Department (LSBT), Underwood Division (UD), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Sinchon, Seoul, Korea
| | - Namu Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hye Bin Park
- Digital Health Care Research Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), Gumidaero, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - JuKyung Lee
- Digital Health Care Research Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), Gumidaero, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Changho Chun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kyung Hoon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jong Seob Choi
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Kim
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineerin, Ulsan College, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sekyu Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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3
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Gharib E, Rejali L, Piroozkhah M, Zonoobi E, Nasrabadi PN, Arabsorkhi Z, Baghdar K, Shams E, Sadeghi A, Kuppen PJK, Salehi Z, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E. IL-2RG as a possible immunotherapeutic target in CRC predicting poor prognosis and regulated by miR-7-5p and miR-26b-5p. J Transl Med 2024; 22:439. [PMID: 38720389 PMCID: PMC11080123 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment strategies, colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality, with mounting evidence a close link between immune system dysfunctions issued. Interleukin-2 receptor gamma (IL-2RG) plays a pivotal role as a common subunit receptor in the IL-2 family cytokines and activates the JAK-STAT pathway. This study delves into the role of Interleukin-2 receptor gamma (IL-2RG) within the tumor microenvironment and investigates potential microRNAs (miRNAs) that directly inhibit IL-2RG, aiming to discern their impact on CRC clinical outcomes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a significant upregulation of IL-2RG mRNA in TCGA-COAD samples and showed strong correlations with the infiltration of various lymphocytes. Single-cell analysis corroborated these findings, highlighting IL-2RG expression in critical immune cell subsets. To explore miRNA involvement in IL-2RG dysregulation, mRNA was isolated from the tumor tissues and lymphocytes of 258 CRC patients and 30 healthy controls, and IL-2RG was cloned into the pcDNA3.1/CT-GFP-TOPO vector. Human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK-293T) were transfected with this construct. Our research involved a comprehensive analysis of miRPathDB, miRWalk, and Targetscan databases to identify the miRNAs associated with the 3' UTR of human IL-2RG. The human microRNA (miRNA) molecules, hsa-miR-7-5p and hsa-miR-26b-5p, have been identified as potent suppressors of IL-2RG expression in CRC patients. Specifically, the downregulation of hsa-miR-7-5p and hsa-miR-26b-5p has been shown to result in the upregulation of IL-2RG mRNA expression in these patients. Prognostic evaluation of IL-2RG, hsa-miR-7-5p, and hsa-miR-26b-5p, using TCGA-COAD data and patient samples, established that higher IL-2RG expression and lower expression of both miRNAs were associated with poorer outcomes. Additionally, this study identified several long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs), such as ZFAS1, SOX21-AS1, SNHG11, SNHG16, SNHG1, DLX6-AS1, GAS5, SNHG6, and MALAT1, which may act as competing endogenous RNA molecules for IL2RG by sequestering shared hsa-miR-7-5p and hsa-miR-26b-5p. In summary, this investigation underscores the potential utility of IL-2RG, hsa-miR-7-5p, and hsa-miR-26b-5p as serum and tissue biomarkers for predicting CRC patient prognosis while also offering promise as targets for immunotherapy in CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Gharib
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Rejali
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Piroozkhah
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zonoobi
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Parinaz Nasri Nasrabadi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Arabsorkhi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghdar
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Shams
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Yeman Street, Chamran Expressway, P.O. Box: 19857-17411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Yeman Street, Chamran Expressway, P.O. Box: 19857-17411, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Yang W, Hicks DR, Ghosh A, Schwartze TA, Conventry B, Goreshnik I, Allen A, Halabiya SF, Kim CJ, Hinck CS, Lee DS, Bera AK, Li Z, Wang Y, Schlichthaerle T, Cao L, Huang B, Garrett S, Gerben SR, Rettie S, Heine P, Murray A, Edman N, Carter L, Stewart L, Almo S, Hinck AP, Baker D. Design of High Affinity Binders to Convex Protein Target Sites. bioRxiv 2024:2024.05.01.592114. [PMID: 38746206 PMCID: PMC11092582 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.592114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
While there has been progress in the de novo design of small globular miniproteins (50-65 residues) to bind to primarily concave regions of a target protein surface, computational design of minibinders to convex binding sites remains an outstanding challenge due to low level of overall shape complementarity. Here, we describe a general approach to generate computationally designed proteins which bind to convex target sites that employ geometrically matching concave scaffolds. We used this approach to design proteins binding to TGFβRII, CTLA-4 and PD-L1 which following experimental optimization have low nanomolar to picomolar affinities and potent biological activity. Co-crystal structures of the TGFβRII and CTLA-4 binders in complex with the receptors are in close agreement with the design models. Our approach provides a general route to generating very high affinity binders to convex protein target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Derrick R Hicks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Agnidipta Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Tristin A Schwartze
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Brian Conventry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Inna Goreshnik
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Aza Allen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Samer F Halabiya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chan Johng Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cynthia S Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - David S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Asim K Bera
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Thomas Schlichthaerle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Longxing Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Buwei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sarah Garrett
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Stacey R Gerben
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Stephen Rettie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Piper Heine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Analisa Murray
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Natasha Edman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lance Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Steve Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Andrew P Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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5
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Chauhan S, Jaiswal S, Jakhmola V, Singh B, Bhattacharya S, Garg M, Sengupta S. Potential role of p53 deregulation in modulating immune responses in human malignancies: A paradigm to develop immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216766. [PMID: 38408603 PMCID: PMC7615729 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The crucial role played by the oncogenic expression of TP53, stemming from mutation or amyloid formation, in various human malignancies has been extensively studied over the past two decades. Interestingly, the potential role of TP53 as a crucial player in modulating immune responses has provided new insight into the field of cancer biology. The loss of p53's transcriptional functions and/or the acquisition of tumorigenic properties can efficiently modulate the recruitment and functions of myeloid and lymphoid cells, ultimately leading to the evasion of immune responses in human tumors. Consequently, the oncogenic nature of the tumor suppressor p53 can dynamically alter the function of immune cells, providing support for tumor progression and metastasis. This review comprehensively explores the dual role of p53 as both the guardian of the genome and an oncogenic driver, especially in the context of regulation of autophagy, apoptosis, the tumor microenvironment, immune cells, innate immunity, and adaptive immune responses. Additionally, the focus of this review centers on how p53 status in the immune response can be harnessed for the development of tailored therapeutic strategies and their potential application in immunotherapy against human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivi Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noda, 201313, India
| | - Shivani Jaiswal
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noda, 201313, India
| | - Vibhuti Jakhmola
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noda, 201313, India
| | - Bhavana Singh
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noda, 201313, India
| | - Sujata Bhattacharya
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noda, 201313, India
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noda, 201313, India.
| | - Shinjinee Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noda, 201313, India.
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Golonko A, Pienkowski T, Swislocka R, Orzechowska S, Marszalek K, Szczerbinski L, Swiergiel AH, Lewandowski W. Dietary factors and their influence on immunotherapy strategies in oncology: a comprehensive review. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:254. [PMID: 38594256 PMCID: PMC11004013 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is emerging as a promising avenue in oncology, gaining increasing importance and offering substantial advantages when compared to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, in the context of immunotherapy, there is the potential for the immune system to either support or hinder the administered treatment. This review encompasses recent and pivotal studies that assess the influence of dietary elements, including vitamins, fatty acids, nutrients, small dietary molecules, dietary patterns, and caloric restriction, on the ability to modulate immune responses. Furthermore, the article underscores how these dietary factors have the potential to modify and enhance the effectiveness of anticancer immunotherapy. It emphasizes the necessity for additional research to comprehend the underlying mechanisms for optimizing the efficacy of anticancer therapy and defining dietary strategies that may reduce cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Persistent investigation in this field holds significant promise for improving cancer treatment outcomes and maximizing the benefits of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Golonko
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pienkowski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Renata Swislocka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sylwia Orzechowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krystian Marszalek
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szczerbinski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Artur Hugo Swiergiel
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdansk, W. Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz Lewandowski
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
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7
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Adiwinata R, Tandarto K, Tanadi C, Waleleng BJ, Haroen H, Rotty L, Gosal F, Rotty L, Hendratta C, Lasut P, Winarta J, Waleleng A, Simadibrata P, Simadibrata M. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Colitis, a Rising Issue in Targeted Cancer Therapy Era: A Literature Review. Rom J Intern Med 2024; 0:rjim-2024-0015. [PMID: 38595047 DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2024-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Research advances in the oncology treatment field have led to the widespread use of immunotherapy. The usage of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has improved the survival of cancer patients with metastases. This has also led to the rapidly expanding indications for ICI use. However, ICI usage may lead to toxicity, which may be immune-related, in different organ-specific targets. The immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of ICI may lead to increased morbidity, decreased quality of life, and early termination of ICI. The clinical manifestations of irAEs in the gastrointestinal system are variable, ranging from self-limited to life-threatening or fatal events. In this review article, we would like to focus on discussing ICI-induced colitis, which is one of the most common ICI irAEs in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Adiwinata
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi/Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
- 2Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, MRCCC Siloam Hospital Semanggi, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kevin Tandarto
- 3Intensive Care Unit, Colombia Asia Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | | | - Bradley Jimmy Waleleng
- 5Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi/Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Harlinda Haroen
- 6Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi/Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Linda Rotty
- 6Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi/Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Fandy Gosal
- 5Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi/Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Luciana Rotty
- 5Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi/Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Cecilia Hendratta
- 6Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi/Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Pearla Lasut
- 6Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi/Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Jeanne Winarta
- 5Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi/Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Andrew Waleleng
- 5Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi/Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Paulus Simadibrata
- 2Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, MRCCC Siloam Hospital Semanggi, Jakarta, Indonesia
- 7Abdi Waluyo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marcellus Simadibrata
- 8Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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8
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Abstract
Thrombosis and bleeding are commonly observed in cancer patients, and their management is crucial for positive patient outcomes. A comprehensive, prophylactic, and therapeutic management of venous thrombosis should focus on identifying the patients who would benefit most from treatment to reduce mortality and minimize the risk of thrombosis recurrence without significantly increasing the risk of bleeding. Existing cancer scales provide valuable information for assessing the overall burden of cancer and guiding treatment decisions, but their ability to predict thrombotic and bleeding events remains limited. With increasing knowledge of the pathophysiology of cancer and the availability of advanced anticancer therapies, new risk factors for cancer-associated thrombosis and bleeding are being identified. In this report, we analyze the current literature and identify new risk factors for venous thrombosis and bleeding which are not included in routinely used risk scores. While some existing cancer scales partially capture the risk of thrombosis and bleeding, there is a need for more specific and accurate scales tailored to these complications. The development of such scales could improve risk stratification, aid in treatment selection, and enhance patient care. Therefore, further research and development of novel cancer scales focused on thrombosis and bleeding are warranted to optimize patient management and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Z Wojtukiewicz
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Petra Tesarova
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Radiation Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Bulovka University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Debora Karetová
- Second Department of Medicine-Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jerzy Windyga
- Department of Hemostasis Disorders and Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Hemostasis and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Ma K, Chen KZ, Qiao SL. Advances of Layered Double Hydroxide-Based Materials for Tumor Imaging and Therapy. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400010. [PMID: 38501833 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are a class of functional anionic clays that typically consist of orthorhombic arrays of metal hydroxides with anions sandwiched between the layers. Due to their unique properties, including high chemical stability, good biocompatibility, controlled drug loading, and enhanced drug bioavailability, LDHs have many potential applications in the medical field. Especially in the fields of bioimaging and tumor therapy. This paper reviews the research progress of LDHs and their nanocomposites in the field of tumor imaging and therapy. First, the structure and advantages of LDH are discussed. Then, several commonly used methods for the preparation of LDH are presented, including co-precipitation, hydrothermal and ion exchange methods. Subsequently, recent advances in layered hydroxides and their nanocomposites for cancer imaging and therapy are highlighted. Finally, based on current research, we summaries the prospects and challenges of layered hydroxides and nanocomposites for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Lab of Functional and Biomedical Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST), Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Zheng Chen
- Lab of Functional and Biomedical Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST), Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Lin Qiao
- Lab of Functional and Biomedical Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST), Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
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10
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Yin J, Ren P. New advances in the treatment of chondrosarcoma under the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:522-530. [PMID: 38687921 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2269_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bone sarcomas encompass a group of spontaneous mesenchymal malignancies, among which osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma are the most common subtypes. Chondrosarcoma, a relatively prevalent malignant bone tumor that originates from chondrocytes, is characterized by endogenous cartilage ossification within the tumor tissue. Despite the use of aggressive treatment approaches involving extensive surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for patients with osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma, limited improvements in patient outcomes have been observed. Furthermore, resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy has been observed in chondrosarcoma and chordoma cases. Consequently, novel therapeutic approaches for bone sarcomas, including chondrosarcoma, need to be uncovered. Recently, the emergence of immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors has garnered attention given their clinical success in various diverse types of cancer, thereby prompting investigations into their potential for managing chondrosarcoma. Considering that circumvention of immune surveillance is considered a key factor in the malignant progression of tumors and that immune checkpoints play an important role in modulating antitumor immune effects, blockers or inhibitors targeting these immune checkpoints have become effective therapeutic tools for patients with tumors. One such checkpoint receptor implicated in this process is programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). The association between PD-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cancer progression in humans has been extensively studied, highlighting their remarkable potential as biomarkers for cancer treatment. This review comprehensively examines available studies on current chondrosarcoma treatments and advancements in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy for chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yin
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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11
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Zhang P, Yang J, Zhong X, Selistre-de-Araujo HS, Boussios S, Ma Y, Fang H. A novel PD-1/PD-L1 pathway-related seven-gene signature for the development and validation of the prognosis prediction model for breast cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:1554-1566. [PMID: 38617520 PMCID: PMC11009795 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC/BRCA) is the most common carcinoma in women. The average 5-year survival rate of BC patients with stage IV disease is 26%. A considerable proportion of patients still do not receive effective therapy. It is an unmet need to identify novel biomarkers for BC patients. Herein, we evaluated whether the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) status is associated with the clinical outcomes of BC, based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Methods Clinical and transcriptome data of BC patients were obtained from TCGA dataset, and prognostic genes in BC patients were identified, as well as the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway mainly associating with the BC patients. Following the execution of the consensus clustering algorithm, BC patients were segregated into two clusters, and subsequent investigation of the potential mechanisms between them was carried out. A comparison of ferroptosis and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) was conducted between the two groups with the greatest difference in prognosis. Based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, a signature associated with the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway was developed, and the prognosis outcome and the predictive accuracy of the signature model were further assessed. Results Prognostic genes in BC patients were studied using TCGA data and it was found that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway was most associated with the BC patients. Then, a low-risk (C1) group and a high-risk (C2) group of BC patients were constructed based on a PD-1/PD-L1 pathway-related signature. The functional analyses suggested that the underlying mechanisms between these groups were mainly associated with immune-related pathways. We found that ferroptosis and m6A were significantly different between the two groups. A PD-1/PD-L1 pathway-related gene signature was further developed to predict survival of BC patients, including 7 genes [mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MAP2K6), NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA), NFKB Inhibitor Epsilon (NFKBIE), Interferon gamma (IFNG), Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein (TIRAP), IkappaB kinase (CHUK), and Casein kinase 2 alpha 3 gene (CSNK2A3)]. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed to further assess the prognostic values of these 7 genes. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year values of the areas under the curve (AUCs) for overall survival were 0.651, 0.658, and 0.653 in this seven gene signature model, respectively. Conclusions PD-1/PD-L1 pathway-related subtypes of BC were identified, which were closely associated with the immune microenvironment, the ferroptosis status, and m6A in BC patients. The gene signature involved in the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway might help to make a distinction and predict prognosis in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center/The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center/The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center/The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang, China
| | - Heloisa Sobreiro Selistre-de-Araujo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Kent Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Kent, UK
- AELIA Organization, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yongneng Ma
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center/The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center/The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang, China
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Mirbahari SN, Da Silva M, Zúñiga AIM, Kooshki Zamani N, St-Laurent G, Totonchi M, Azad T. Recent progress in combination therapy of oncolytic vaccinia virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1272351. [PMID: 38558795 PMCID: PMC10979700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1272351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, oncolytic viruses have emerged as promising agents for treating various cancers. An oncolytic virus is a non-pathogenic virus that, due to genetic manipulation, tends to replicate in and cause lysis of cancerous cells while leaving healthy cells unaffected. Among these viruses, vaccinia virus is an attractive platform for use as an oncolytic platform due to its 190 Kb genome with a high capacity for encoding therapeutic payloads. Combining oncolytic VV therapy with other conventional cancer treatments has been shown to be synergistic and more effective than monotherapies. Additionally, OVV can be used as a vector to deliver therapeutic payloads, alone or in combination with other treatments, to increase overall efficacy. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of preclinical and clinical studies that have evaluated the efficacy of oncolytic vaccinia viruses in cancer immunotherapy. We discuss the outcomes of these studies, including tumor regression rates, overall survival benefits, and long-term responses. Moreover, we provide insights into the challenges and limitations associated with oncolytic vaccinia virus- based therapies, including immune evasion mechanisms, potential toxicities, and the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Nasim Mirbahari
- Faculty of Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Miles Da Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Abril Ixchel Muñoz Zúñiga
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nika Kooshki Zamani
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel St-Laurent
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Taha Azad
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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13
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Qin Y, Huo M, Liu X, Li SC. Biomarkers and computational models for predicting efficacy to tumor ICI immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368749. [PMID: 38524135 PMCID: PMC10957591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy has great potential as a cancer treatment, leading to significant clinical improvements in numerous cases. However, it benefits a minority of patients, underscoring the importance of discovering reliable biomarkers that can be used to screen for potential beneficiaries and ultimately reduce the risk of overtreatment. Our comprehensive review focuses on the latest advancements in predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy, particularly emphasizing those that enhance the efficacy of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors immunotherapies. We explore biomarkers derived from various sources, including tumor cells, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), body fluids, gut microbes, and metabolites. Among them, tumor cells-derived biomarkers include tumor mutational burden (TMB) biomarker, tumor neoantigen burden (TNB) biomarker, microsatellite instability (MSI) biomarker, PD-L1 expression biomarker, mutated gene biomarkers in pathways, and epigenetic biomarkers. TIME-derived biomarkers include immune landscape of TIME biomarkers, inhibitory checkpoints biomarkers, and immune repertoire biomarkers. We also discuss various techniques used to detect and assess these biomarkers, detailing their respective datasets, strengths, weaknesses, and evaluative metrics. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive review of computer models for predicting the response to ICI therapy. The computer models include knowledge-based mechanistic models and data-based machine learning (ML) models. Among the knowledge-based mechanistic models are pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models, partial differential equation (PDE) models, signal networks-based models, quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models, and agent-based models (ABMs). ML models include linear regression models, logistic regression models, support vector machine (SVM)/random forest/extra trees/k-nearest neighbors (KNN) models, artificial neural network (ANN) and deep learning models. Additionally, there are hybrid models of systems biology and ML. We summarized the details of these models, outlining the datasets they utilize, their evaluation methods/metrics, and their respective strengths and limitations. By summarizing the major advances in the research on predictive biomarkers and computer models for the therapeutic effect and clinical utility of tumor ICI, we aim to assist researchers in choosing appropriate biomarkers or computer models for research exploration and help clinicians conduct precision medicine by selecting the best biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Qin
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Miaozhe Huo
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingwu Liu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuai Cheng Li
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Kim R, Kin T, Beck WT. Impact of Complex Apoptotic Signaling Pathways on Cancer Cell Sensitivity to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:984. [PMID: 38473345 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drugs induce apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death in various cancer types. The signaling pathways for anticancer drug-induced apoptotic cell death have been shown to differ between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells. In atypical multidrug-resistant leukemia cells, the c-Jun/activator protein 1 (AP-1)/p53 signaling pathway leading to apoptotic death is altered. Cancer cells treated with anticancer drugs undergo c-Jun/AP-1-mediated apoptotic death and are involved in c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (Gadd153)/CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein pathway induction, regardless of the p53 genotype. Gadd153 induction is associated with mitochondrial membrane permeabilization after anticancer drug treatment and involves a coupled endoplasmic reticulum stress response. The induction of apoptosis by anticancer drugs is mediated by the intrinsic pathway (cytochrome c, Cyt c) and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade via proapoptotic genes (e.g., Bax and Bcl-xS) and their interactions. Anticancer drug-induced apoptosis involves caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways and occurs via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. The targeting of antiapoptotic genes such as Bcl-2 enhances anticancer drug efficacy. The modulation of apoptotic signaling by Bcl-xS transduction increases the sensitivity of multidrug resistance-related protein-overexpressing epidermoid carcinoma cells to anticancer drugs. The significance of autophagy in cancer therapy remains to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of cancer cell death-related signaling pathways and their alterations during anticancer drug treatment and discuss potential strategies to enhance treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryungsa Kim
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hiroshima Mark Clinic, 1-4-3F, 2-Chome Ohte-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0051, Japan
| | - Takanori Kin
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - William T Beck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Demeule M, Currie JC, Charfi C, Zgheib A, Cousineau I, Lullier V, Béliveau R, Marsolais C, Annabi B. Sudocetaxel Zendusortide (TH1902) triggers the cGAS/STING pathway and potentiates anti-PD-L1 immune-mediated tumor cell killing. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355945. [PMID: 38482021 PMCID: PMC10936008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The anticancer efficacy of Sudocetaxel Zendusortide (TH1902), a peptide-drug conjugate internalized through a sortilin-mediated process, was assessed in a triple-negative breast cancer-derived MDA-MB-231 immunocompromised xenograft tumor model where complete tumor regression was observed for more than 40 days after the last treatment. Surprisingly, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed high staining of STING, a master regulator in the cancer-immunity cycle. A weekly administration of TH1902 as a single agent in a murine B16-F10 melanoma syngeneic tumor model demonstrated superior tumor growth inhibition than did docetaxel. A net increase in CD45 leukocyte infiltration within TH1902-treated tumors, especially for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor-associated macrophages was observed. Increased staining of perforin, granzyme B, and caspase-3 was suggestive of elevated cytotoxic T and natural killer cell activities. Combined TH1902/anti-PD-L1 treatment led to increases in tumor growth inhibition and median animal survival. TH1902 inhibited cell proliferation and triggered apoptosis and senescence in B16-F10 cells in vitro, while inducing several downstream effectors of the cGAS/STING pathway and the expression of MHC-I and PD-L1. This is the first evidence that TH1902 exerts its antitumor activity, in part, through modulation of the immune tumor microenvironment and that the combination of TH1902 with checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-L1) could lead to improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alain Zgheib
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Cousineau
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Lullier
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Béliveau
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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16
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Jo W, Won T, Daoud A, Čiháková D. Immune checkpoint inhibitors associated cardiovascular immune-related adverse events. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1340373. [PMID: 38375475 PMCID: PMC10875074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are specialized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target immune checkpoints and their ligands, counteracting cancer cell-induced T-cell suppression. Approved ICIs like cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed death-1 (PD-1), its ligand PD-L1, and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) have improved cancer patient outcomes by enhancing anti-tumor responses. However, some patients are unresponsive, and others experience immune-related adverse events (irAEs), affecting organs like the lung, liver, intestine, skin and now the cardiovascular system. These cardiac irAEs include conditions like myocarditis, atherosclerosis, pericarditis, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy. Ongoing clinical trials investigate promising alternative co-inhibitory receptor targets, including T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) and T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT). This review delves into the mechanisms of approved ICIs (CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1, and LAG-3) and upcoming options like Tim-3 and TIGIT. It explores the use of ICIs in cancer treatment, supported by both preclinical and clinical data. Additionally, it examines the mechanisms behind cardiac toxic irAEs, focusing on ICI-associated myocarditis and atherosclerosis. These insights are vital as ICIs continue to revolutionize cancer therapy, offering hope to patients, while also necessitating careful monitoring and management of potential side effects, including emerging cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Taejoon Won
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Abdel Daoud
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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17
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Bachari A, Nassar N, Telukutla S, Zomer R, Piva TJ, Mantri N. Evaluating the Mechanism of Cell Death in Melanoma Induced by the Cannabis Extract PHEC-66. Cells 2024; 13:268. [PMID: 38334660 PMCID: PMC10854753 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Research suggests the potential of using cannabinoid-derived compounds to function as anticancer agents against melanoma cells. Our recent study highlighted the remarkable in vitro anticancer effects of PHEC-66, an extract from Cannabis sativa, on the MM418-C1, MM329, and MM96L melanoma cell lines. However, the complete molecular mechanism behind this action remains to be elucidated. This study aims to unravel how PHEC-66 brings about its antiproliferative impact on these cell lines, utilising diverse techniques such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), assays to assess the inhibition of CB1 and CB2 receptors, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis assays, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for apoptosis and cell cycle analysis. The outcomes obtained from this study suggest that PHEC-66 triggers apoptosis in these melanoma cell lines by increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic markers (BAX mRNA) while concurrently reducing the expression of anti-apoptotic markers (Bcl-2 mRNA). Additionally, PHEC-66 induces DNA fragmentation, halting cell progression at the G1 cell cycle checkpoint and substantially elevating intracellular ROS levels. These findings imply that PHEC-66 might have potential as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of malignant melanoma. However, it is essential to conduct further preclinical investigations to delve deeper into its potential and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Bachari
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia or (A.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Nazim Nassar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (N.N.); (T.J.P.)
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Srinivasareddy Telukutla
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia or (A.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Roby Zomer
- MGC Pharmaceuticals Limited, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia;
| | - Terrence J. Piva
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (N.N.); (T.J.P.)
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia or (A.B.); (S.T.)
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Shabrish S, Pal K, Khare NK, Satsangi D, Pilankar A, Jadhav V, Shinde S, Raphael N, Sriram G, Lopes R, Raghuram GV, Tandel H, Mittra I. Cell-free chromatin particles released from dying cancer cells activate immune checkpoints in human lymphocytes: implications for cancer therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1331491. [PMID: 38274821 PMCID: PMC10808321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1331491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade is the exciting breakthrough in cancer, but how immune checkpoints are activated is unknown. We have earlier reported that cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) that circulate in blood of cancer patients, or those that are released locally from dying cancer cells, are readily internalized by healthy cells with biological consequences. Here we report that treatment of human lymphocytes with cfChPs isolated from sera of cancer patients led to marked activation of the immune checkpoints PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, NKG2A, and TIM-3. This finding was corroborated in vivo in splenocytes of mice when cfChPs were injected intravenously. Significant upregulation of immune checkpoint was also observed when isolated lymphocytes were exposed to conditioned medium containing cfChPs released from hypoxia-induced dying HeLa cells. Immune checkpoint activation could be down-regulated by pre-treating the conditioned media with three different cfChPs deactivating agents. Down-regulation of immune checkpoints by cfChPs deactivating agents may herald a novel form of immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Shabrish
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Khare
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Dharana Satsangi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Aishwarya Pilankar
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Vishalkumar Jadhav
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sushma Shinde
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nimisha Raphael
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Sriram
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Relestina Lopes
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Gorantla V. Raghuram
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Harshali Tandel
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Indraneel Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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19
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He H, Qi X, Fu H, Xu J, Zheng Q, Chen L, Zhang Y, Hua H, Xu W, Xu Z, Chen X, You Q, Lin J, Huang G, Mao Y, Yu C. Imaging diagnosis and efficacy monitoring by [ 89Zr]Zr-DFO-KN035 immunoPET in patients with PD-L1-positive solid malignancies. Theranostics 2024; 14:392-405. [PMID: 38164149 PMCID: PMC10750192 DOI: 10.7150/thno.87243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Although programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have achieved efficacy in cancer therapy, their response rate is low. Differences in the prognosis of patients with cancer under anti-PD-L1 treatment are related to the PD-L1 level in tumors. Accurate PD-L1 detection can optimize the accuracy of tumor immunotherapy and avoid ineffective clinical diagnosis and treatments. Methods: We investigated the imaging efficiency and therapy monitoring capacity of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-KN035 immunoPET for tumors. We labeled the monodomain anti-PD-L1 antibody KN035 with the radionuclide zirconium-89 and used this tracer for PET imaging. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-KN035 uptakes in patients with PD-L1-positive tumors, including primary and metastatic tumors, as well as in normal tissues, were comparatively assessed by using positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging. Results: In PD-L1-positive patients, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-KN035 was sensitive in tumor-targeting imaging and could detect multiple metastatic foci, including multiple bone metastases (tumor-to-muscle ratios of 7.102 and 6.118 at 55 and 120 h, respectively) and lymph-node metastases (tumor-to-muscle ratios of 11.346 and 6.542 at 55 and 120 h, respectively). The needed radioactive dose of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-KN035 (55.5-92.5 MBq) used in this study was considerably lower than that of [18F]FDG (370-555 MBq). [89Zr]Zr-DFO-KN035 monitored and predicted the site of adverse reactions in antitumor immunotherapy. Moreover, after antitumor treatment, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-KN035 enabled observational imaging for therapeutic efficacy evaluation, which can help predict patient prognosis. Conclusion: [89Zr]Zr-DFO-KN035 can be used for the diagnosis and therapy monitoring of PD-L1-positive tumors and provide noninvasive and comprehensive observations for tumor diagnostic imaging, prognosis prediction, and efficacy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University; Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University; Wuxi, China
| | - Haitian Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University; Wuxi, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Dongcheng AMS Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Nanjing, China
| | - Qihuang Zheng
- Center of Radiological Imaging, College of Medicine, Indiana University, Indiana, USA
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University; Wuxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University; Wuxi, China
| | - Haiying Hua
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University; Wuxi, China
| | - Wenhuan Xu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University; Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University; Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University; Wuxi, China
| | - Qingjun You
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University; Wuxi, China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences; Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University; Wuxi, China
| | - Chunjing Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University; Wuxi, China
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20
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Toader C, Dobrin N, Tataru CI, Covache-Busuioc RA, Bratu BG, Glavan LA, Costin HP, Corlatescu AD, Dumitrascu DI, Ciurea AV. From Genes to Therapy: Pituitary Adenomas in the Era of Precision Medicine. Biomedicines 2023; 12:23. [PMID: 38275385 PMCID: PMC10813694 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive analysis of pituitary adenomas, a type of brain tumor with diverse behaviors and complexities. We cover various treatment approaches, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and their integration with newer treatments. Key to the discussion is the role of biomarkers in oncology for risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and the monitoring of pituitary adenomas. We highlight advances in genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic analyses and their contributions to understanding the pathogenesis and molecular pathology of these tumors. Special attention is given to the molecular mechanisms, including the impact of epigenetic factors like histone modifications, DNA methylation, and transcriptomic changes on different subtypes of pituitary adenomas. The importance of the tumor immune microenvironment in tumor behavior and treatment response is thoroughly analyzed. We highlight potential breakthroughs and innovations for a more effective management and treatment of pituitary adenomas, while shedding light on the ongoing need for research and development in this field to translate scientific knowledge into clinical advancements, aiming to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Toader
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (B.-G.B.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (A.V.C.)
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolaie Dobrin
- Neurosurgical Clinic, “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iași, Romania
| | - Catalina-Ioana Tataru
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital of Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (B.-G.B.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Bogdan-Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (B.-G.B.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Luca Andrei Glavan
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (B.-G.B.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Horia Petre Costin
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (B.-G.B.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Antonio Daniel Corlatescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (B.-G.B.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (A.V.C.)
| | - David-Ioan Dumitrascu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (B.-G.B.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (A.V.C.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (B.-G.B.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (A.V.C.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
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21
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Abizanda-Campo S, Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Humayun M, Marmol I, Beebe DJ, Ochoa I, Oliván S, Ayuso JM. Microphysiological systems for solid tumor immunotherapy: opportunities and challenges. Microsyst Nanoeng 2023; 9:154. [PMID: 38106674 PMCID: PMC10724276 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy remains more effective for hematologic tumors than for solid tumors. One of the main challenges to immunotherapy of solid tumors is the immunosuppressive microenvironment these tumors generate, which limits the cytotoxic capabilities of immune effector cells (e.g., cytotoxic T and natural killer cells). This microenvironment is characterized by hypoxia, nutrient starvation, accumulated waste products, and acidic pH. Tumor-hijacked cells, such as fibroblasts, macrophages, and T regulatory cells, also contribute to this inhospitable microenvironment for immune cells by secreting immunosuppressive cytokines that suppress the antitumor immune response and lead to immune evasion. Thus, there is a strong interest in developing new drugs and cell formulations that modulate the tumor microenvironment and reduce tumor cell immune evasion. Microphysiological systems (MPSs) are versatile tools that may accelerate the development and evaluation of these therapies, although specific examples showcasing the potential of MPSs remain rare. Advances in microtechnologies have led to the development of sophisticated microfluidic devices used to recapitulate tumor complexity. The resulting models, also known as microphysiological systems (MPSs), are versatile tools with which to decipher the molecular mechanisms driving immune cell antitumor cytotoxicity, immune cell exhaustion, and immune cell exclusion and to evaluate new targeted immunotherapies. Here, we review existing microphysiological platforms to study immuno-oncological applications and discuss challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abizanda-Campo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Tissue Microenvironment Lab (TME lab), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Virumbrales-Muñoz
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Mouhita Humayun
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Ines Marmol
- Tissue Microenvironment Lab (TME lab), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - David J Beebe
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ignacio Ochoa
- Tissue Microenvironment Lab (TME lab), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Oliván
- Tissue Microenvironment Lab (TME lab), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Ayuso
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
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22
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Boerth JA, Chinn AJ, Schimpl M, Bommakanti G, Chan C, Code EL, Giblin KA, Gohlke A, Hansel CS, Jin M, Kavanagh SL, Lamb ML, Lane JS, Larner CJB, Mfuh AM, Moore RK, Puri T, Quinn TR, Ye M, Robbins KJ, Gancedo-Rodrigo M, Tang H, Walsh J, Ware J, Wrigley GL, Reddy IK, Zhang Y, Grimster NP. Discovery of a Novel Benzodiazepine Series of Cbl-b Inhibitors for the Enhancement of Antitumor Immunity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1848-1856. [PMID: 38116444 PMCID: PMC10726479 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene-b (Cbl-b) is a RING finger E3 ligase that is responsible for repressing T-cell, natural killer (NK) cell, and B-cell activation. The robust antitumor activity observed in Cbl-b deficient mice arising from elevated T-cell and NK-cell activity justified our discovery effort toward Cbl-b inhibitors that might show therapeutic promise in immuno-oncology, where activation of the immune system can drive the recognition and killing of cancer cells. We undertook a high-throughput screening campaign followed by structure-enabled optimization to develop a novel benzodiazepine series of potent Cbl-b inhibitors. This series displayed nanomolar levels of biochemical potency, as well as potent T-cell activation. The functional activity of this class of Cbl-b inhibitors was further corroborated with ubiquitin-based cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Boerth
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Alex J. Chinn
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Marianne Schimpl
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, The Discovery Centre, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Gayathri Bommakanti
- Bioscience,
Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Christina Chan
- DMPK,
Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Erin L. Code
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Giblin
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge
Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Gohlke
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, The Discovery Centre, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine S. Hansel
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, The Discovery Centre, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Meizhong Jin
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Stefan L. Kavanagh
- Clinical
Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L. Lamb
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jordan S. Lane
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, The Discovery Centre, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie J. B. Larner
- Clinical
Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Adelphe M. Mfuh
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Rachel K. Moore
- High
Throughput Screening, Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Taranee Puri
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Taylor R. Quinn
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Minwei Ye
- Bioscience,
Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Kevin J. Robbins
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Miguel Gancedo-Rodrigo
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, The Discovery Centre, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Haoran Tang
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, The Discovery Centre, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Jarrod Walsh
- High
Throughput Screening, Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Ware
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, The Discovery Centre, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Gail L. Wrigley
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge
Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Iswarya Karapa Reddy
- Bioscience,
Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Yun Zhang
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Neil P. Grimster
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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23
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Mahasongkram K, Glab-ampai K, Kaewchim K, Saenlom T, Chulanetra M, Sookrung N, Nathalang O, Chaicumpa W. Agonistic Bivalent Human scFvs-Fcγ Fusion Antibodies to OX40 Ectodomain Enhance T Cell Activities against Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1826. [PMID: 38140230 PMCID: PMC10747724 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Understanding how advanced cancers evade host innate and adaptive immune opponents has led to cancer immunotherapy. Among several immunotherapeutic strategies, the reversal of immunosuppression mediated by regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) using blockers of immune-checkpoint signaling in effector T cells is the most successful treatment measure. Furthermore, agonists of T cell costimulatory molecules (CD40, 4-1BB, OX40) play an additional anti-cancer role to that of checkpoint blocking in combined therapy and serve also as adjuvant/neoadjuvant/induction therapy to conventional cancer treatments, such as tumor resection and radio- and chemo- therapies. (2) Methods and Results: In this study, novel agonistic antibodies to the OX40/CD134 ectodomain (EcOX40), i.e., fully human bivalent single-chain variable fragments (HuscFvs) linked to IgG Fc (bivalent HuscFv-Fcγ fusion antibodies) were generated by using phage-display technology and genetic engineering. The HuscFvs in the fusion antibodies bound to the cysteine-rich domain-2 of the EcOX40, which is known to be involved in OX40-OX40L signaling for NF-κB activation in T cells. The fusion antibodies caused proliferation, and increased the survival and cytokine production of CD3-CD28-activated human T cells. They showed enhancement trends for other effector T cell activities like granzyme B production and lysis of ovarian cancer cells when added to the activated T cells. (3) Conclusions: The novel OX40 agonistic fusion antibodies should be further tested step-by-step toward their safe use as an adjunctive non-immunogenic cancer immunotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodchakorn Mahasongkram
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.M.); (K.G.-a.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (M.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Kantaphon Glab-ampai
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.M.); (K.G.-a.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (M.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Kanasap Kaewchim
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.M.); (K.G.-a.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (M.C.); (N.S.)
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Thanatsaran Saenlom
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.M.); (K.G.-a.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (M.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Monrat Chulanetra
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.M.); (K.G.-a.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (M.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Nitat Sookrung
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.M.); (K.G.-a.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (M.C.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Research Incubator Unit, Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Oytip Nathalang
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.M.); (K.G.-a.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (M.C.); (N.S.)
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24
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Figueiredo J, Djavaheri-Mergny M, Ferret L, Mergny JL, Cruz C. Harnessing G-quadruplex ligands for lung cancer treatment: A comprehensive overview. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103808. [PMID: 38414431 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. One such approach revolves around the utilization of four-stranded nucleic acid secondary structures, known as G-quadruplexes (G4), which are formed by G-rich sequences. Ligands that bind selectively to G4 structures present a promising strategy for regulating crucial cellular processes involved in the progression of LC, rendering them potent agents for lung cancer treatment. In this review, we offer a summary of recent advancements in the development of G4 ligands capable of targeting specific genes associated with the development and progression of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Figueiredo
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Lucille Ferret
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
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25
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Bangayan NJ, Wang L, Burton Sojo G, Noguchi M, Cheng D, Ta L, Gunn D, Mao Z, Liu S, Yin Q, Riedinger M, Li K, Wu AM, Stoyanova T, Witte ON. Dual-inhibitory domain iCARs improve the efficiency of the AND-NOT gate CAR T strategy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2312374120. [PMID: 37963244 PMCID: PMC10666036 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312374120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) T cell therapy has shown clinical success in treating hematological malignancies, but its treatment of solid tumors has been limited. One major challenge is on-target, off-tumor toxicity, where CAR T cells also damage normal tissues that express the targeted antigen. To reduce this detrimental side-effect, Boolean-logic gates like AND-NOT gates have utilized an inhibitory CAR (iCAR) to specifically curb CAR T cell activity at selected nonmalignant tissue sites. However, the strategy seems inefficient, requiring high levels of iCAR and its target antigen for inhibition. Using a TROP2-targeting iCAR with a single PD1 inhibitory domain to inhibit a CEACAM5-targeting CAR (CEACAR), we observed that the inefficiency was due to a kinetic delay in iCAR inhibition of cytotoxicity. To improve iCAR efficiency, we modified three features of the iCAR-the avidity, the affinity, and the intracellular signaling domains. Increasing the avidity but not the affinity of the iCAR led to significant reductions in the delay. iCARs containing twelve different inhibitory signaling domains were screened for improved inhibition, and three domains (BTLA, LAIR-1, and SIGLEC-9) each suppressed CAR T function but did not enhance inhibitory kinetics. When inhibitory domains of LAIR-1 or SIGLEC-9 were combined with PD-1 into a single dual-inhibitory domain iCAR (DiCARs) and tested with the CEACAR, inhibition efficiency improved as evidenced by a significant reduction in the inhibitory delay. These data indicate that a delicate balance between CAR and iCAR signaling strength and kinetics must be achieved to regulate AND-NOT gate CAR T cell selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael J. Bangayan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Giselle Burton Sojo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Miyako Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Donghui Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Lisa Ta
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Donny Gunn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Zhiyuan Mao
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Shiqin Liu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Qingqing Yin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Mireille Riedinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Keyu Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Anna M. Wu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Owen N. Witte
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
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Chen L, Zheng X, Huang H, Feng C, Wu S, Chen R, Jiang H, Yuan M, Fu Y, Ying H, Zhou J, Jiang J. Cordycepin synergizes with CTLA-4 blockade to remodel the tumor microenvironment for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110786. [PMID: 37611443 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The strategy of using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment, leading to remarkable clinical outcomes. However, certain cancer types and patient demographics continue to face unique challenges. As a result, it is vital to investigate combination therapies that involve ICIs to boost therapeutic efficacy. Cordycepin, an adenosine derivative composed of adenine and pentose, holds immense promise for treating inflammation and cancer. Our recent research has demonstrated that the combined treatment of cordycepin and the anti-CD47 antibody significantly curtails tumor growth and extends the lifespan of tumor-bearing mice. In the current study, we showed that the combination of cordycepin and CTLA-4 blockade had a profound impact on suppressing tumor growth. We utilized the MC38 and CT26 tumor models to evaluate the therapeutic effect of cordycepin, CTLA-4 blockade, and their combined approach. Flow cytometry results unveiled that cordycepin, when combined with CTLA-4 blockade, considerably augmented the presence of tumor-infiltrating CD8+T cells and diminished the population of Foxp3+Tregs within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, we employed single-cell analysis to examine the TME's reconfiguration upon the combined treatment of anti-CTLA-4 and cordycepin. We observed a significant impact on inhibiting tumor growth and substantially extended survival in tumor-bearing mice. Our data also demonstrated an increased proportion of effector CD8+T cells in the combined treatment group compared to all other groups, while exhausted CD8+T cells diminished in the combined group compared to the anti-CTLA-4 treatment alone. In conclusion, our findings supported the idea that combining cordycepin and CTLA-4 blockade could modify the effector and exhaustion status of CD8+T cells, thereby bolstering CD8+T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity in the TME. Collectively, our current study successfully established a combination therapeutic strategy utilizing cordycepin and CTLA-4 blockade. This strategy demonstrated a significant synergistic effect against cancer, highlighting its importance in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Chen
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Shaoxian Wu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Rongzhang Chen
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Maoling Yuan
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Department of Gynecology, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China.
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Meyblum L, Chevaleyre C, Susini S, Jego B, Deschamps F, Kereselidze D, Bonnet B, Marabelle A, de Baere T, Lebon V, Tselikas L, Truillet C. Local and distant response to intratumoral immunotherapy assessed by immunoPET in mice. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007433. [PMID: 37949616 PMCID: PMC10649793 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the promising efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers (ICB), tumor resistance and immune-related adverse events hinder their success in cancer treatment. To address these challenges, intratumoral delivery of immunotherapies has emerged as a potential solution, aiming to mitigate side effects through reduced systemic exposure while increasing effectiveness by enhancing local bioavailability. However, a comprehensive understanding of the local and systemic distribution of ICBs following intratumoral administration, as well as their impact on distant tumors, remains crucial for optimizing their therapeutic potential.To comprehensively investigate the distribution patterns following the intratumoral and intravenous administration of radiolabeled anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and to assess its corresponding efficacy in both injected and non-injected tumors, we conducted an immunoPET imaging study. METHODS CT26 and MC38 syngeneic colorectal tumor cells were implanted subcutaneously on both flanks of Balb/c and C57Bl/6 mice, respectively. Hamster anti-mouse CTLA-4 antibody (9H10) labeled with zirconium-89 ([89Zr]9H10) was intratumorally or intravenously administered. Whole-body distribution of the antibody was monitored by immunoPET imaging (n=12 CT26 Balb/c mice, n=10 MC38 C57Bl/6 mice). Tumorous responses to injected doses (1-10 mg/kg) were correlated with specific uptake of [89Zr]9H10 (n=24). Impacts on the tumor microenvironment were assessed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. RESULTS Half of the dose was cleared into the blood 1 hour after intratumoral administration. Despite this, 7 days post-injection, 6-8% of the dose remained in the intratumoral-injected tumors. CT26 tumors with prolonged ICB exposure demonstrated complete responses. Seven days post-injection, the contralateral non-injected tumor uptake of the ICB was comparable to the one achieved through intravenous administration (7.5±1.7% ID.cm-3 and 7.6±2.1% ID.cm-3, respectively) at the same dose in the CT26 model. This observation was confirmed in the MC38 model. Consistent intratumoral pharmacodynamic effects were observed in both intratumoral and intravenous treatment groups, as evidenced by a notable increase in CD8+T cells within the CT26 tumors following treatment. CONCLUSIONS ImmunoPET-derived pharmacokinetics supports intratumoral injection of ICBs to decrease systemic exposure while maintaining efficacy compared with intravenous. Intratumoral-ICBs lead to high local drug exposure while maintaining significant therapeutic exposure in non-injected tumors. This immunoPET approach is applicable for clinical practice to support evidence-based drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Meyblum
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, INSERM UMR1281, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris Saclay (BioMaps), Orsay, France
- Département d'Anesthésie, Chirurgie et Interventionnel (DACI), Service de Radiologie Interventionnelle, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Céline Chevaleyre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, INSERM UMR1281, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris Saclay (BioMaps), Orsay, France
| | - Sandrine Susini
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- BIOTHERIS, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM U1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Benoit Jego
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, INSERM UMR1281, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris Saclay (BioMaps), Orsay, France
| | - Frederic Deschamps
- Département d'Anesthésie, Chirurgie et Interventionnel (DACI), Service de Radiologie Interventionnelle, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- BIOTHERIS, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM U1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Dimitri Kereselidze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, INSERM UMR1281, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris Saclay (BioMaps), Orsay, France
| | - Baptiste Bonnet
- Département d'Anesthésie, Chirurgie et Interventionnel (DACI), Service de Radiologie Interventionnelle, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- BIOTHERIS, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM U1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurelien Marabelle
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- BIOTHERIS, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM U1428, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Saclay, Saint Aubin, France
| | - Thierry de Baere
- Département d'Anesthésie, Chirurgie et Interventionnel (DACI), Service de Radiologie Interventionnelle, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- BIOTHERIS, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM U1428, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Saclay, Saint Aubin, France
| | - Vincent Lebon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, INSERM UMR1281, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris Saclay (BioMaps), Orsay, France
| | - Lambros Tselikas
- Département d'Anesthésie, Chirurgie et Interventionnel (DACI), Service de Radiologie Interventionnelle, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- BIOTHERIS, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM U1428, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Saclay, Saint Aubin, France
| | - Charles Truillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, INSERM UMR1281, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris Saclay (BioMaps), Orsay, France
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Kim ME, Lee JS. Immune Diseases Associated with Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15584. [PMID: 37958564 PMCID: PMC10647753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in immune function, thereby causing an increased susceptibility to various diseases. Herein, we review immune diseases associated with aging, focusing on tumors, atherosclerosis, and immunodeficiency disorders. The molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions are discussed, highlighting telomere shortening, tissue inflammation, and altered signaling pathways, e.g., the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, as key contributors to immune dysfunction. The role of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype in driving chronic tissue inflammation and disruption has been examined. Our review underscores the significance of targeting tissue inflammation and immunomodulation for treating immune disorders. In addition, anti-inflammatory medications, including corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and novel approaches, e.g., probiotics and polyphenols, are discussed. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and adoptive T-cell therapy, has been explored for its potential to enhance immune responses in older populations. A comprehensive analysis of immune disorders associated with aging and underlying molecular mechanisms provides insights into potential treatment strategies to alleviate the burden of these conditions in the aging population. The interplay among immune dysfunction, chronic tissue inflammation, and innovative therapeutic approaches highlights the importance of elucidating these complex processes to develop effective interventions to improve the quality of life in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Sik Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Immunology Research Lab & BK21-Four Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
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Riccardi F, Dal Bo M, Macor P, Toffoli G. A comprehensive overview on antibody-drug conjugates: from the conceptualization to cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1274088. [PMID: 37790810 PMCID: PMC10544916 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1274088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) represent an innovative class of potent anti-cancer compounds that are widely used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Unlike conventional chemotherapeutic drug-based therapies, that are mainly associated with modest specificity and therapeutic benefit, the three key components that form an ADC (a monoclonal antibody bound to a cytotoxic drug via a chemical linker moiety) achieve remarkable improvement in terms of targeted killing of cancer cells and, while sparing healthy tissues, a reduction in systemic side effects caused by off-tumor toxicity. Based on their beneficial mechanism of action, 15 ADCs have been approved to date by the market approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and/or other international governmental agencies for use in clinical oncology, and hundreds are undergoing evaluation in the preclinical and clinical phases. Here, our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the key features revolving around ADC therapeutic strategy including their structural and targeting properties, mechanism of action, the role of the tumor microenvironment and review the approved ADCs in clinical oncology, providing discussion regarding their toxicity profile, clinical manifestations and use in novel combination therapies. Finally, we briefly review ADCs in other pathological contexts and provide key information regarding ADC manufacturing and analytical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Riccardi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Paolo Macor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
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30
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Sariyar E, Firtina Karagonlar Z. Modelling the Sorafenib-resistant Liver Cancer Microenvironment by Using 3-D Spheroids. Altern Lab Anim 2023; 51:301-312. [PMID: 37555318 DOI: 10.1177/02611929231193421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer, and it usually occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. For patients with advanced HCC, systemic treatment is the first choice - however, resistance occurs frequently. Sorafenib was the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for advanced HCC, and resistance to the therapy is a serious concern. When sorafenib therapy fails in a patient, it can be challenging to decide whether they can undergo a second-line therapy, and to determine which therapy they will be able to tolerate. Thus, physiologically relevant in vitro preclinical models are crucial for screening potential therapies, and 3-D tumour spheroids permit studies of tumour pathobiology. In this study, a drug-resistant 3-D tumour spheroid model was developed, based on sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells, LX2 stellate cells and THP-1 monocytes. Model tumour spheroids that were formed with the sorafenib-resistant cells demonstrated lower diffusion of doxorubicin and exhibited increased resistance to regorafenib. Moreover, in the sorafenib-resistant spheroids, there was increased presence of CD68-positive cells and a reduction in inflammatory marker secretion. The sorafenib-resistant cell line-derived spheroids also showed a higher expression of FGF-19, PDGF-AA and GDF-15, which are known to be involved in malignancies. This multi-cell type spheroid model represents a potentially useful system to test drug candidates in a microenvironment that mimics the drug-resistant tumour microenvironment in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Sariyar
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, İzmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
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31
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Al-Hawary SIS, Saleh EAM, Mamajanov NA, S Gilmanova N, Alsaab HO, Alghamdi A, Ansari SA, Alawady AHR, Alsaalamy AH, Ibrahim AJ. Breast cancer vaccines; A comprehensive and updated review. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154735. [PMID: 37611432 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, breast cancer is more common than lung cancer globally. By 2040, mortality from breast cancer will rise by 50% and 40%, respectively. Despite advances in chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and HER2-targeted therapy, breast cancer metastases and recurrences remain challenging to treat. Cancer vaccines are an effective treatment option because they stimulate a long-lasting immune response that will eliminate tumor cells. In studies on the breast cancer vaccine, no appreciable advantages were discovered. A recent study claims that immune checkpoint inhibitors or anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies may be used in vaccinations. This vaccination strengthens the immune system to fight off breast cancer cells. Clinical trials have been conducted on DNA, dendritic cells, and peptide-based breast cancer vaccines. Studies on the breast cancer vaccine have employed subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intradermal injections. Clinical studies have shown that these efforts have not been successful. Several factors might have slowed the development of a breast cancer vaccine. The complexity of the immune system makes it challenging to create cancer vaccines. Given the heterogeneity of breast cancer, there may be a need for different vaccination strategies. Despite these obstacles, research into breast cancer vaccines continues. Effective methods for creating vaccines include immune checkpoint inhibition and anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies. Research is also being done on specialized tumor vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Arts and Science, Wadi Al-Dawasir 11991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nodirjon Akhmetovich Mamajanov
- Teaching Assistant, MD, Department of Public Health, Healthcare Management and Physical Culture, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Research scholar, Department of Scientific Affairs, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Nataliya S Gilmanova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alghamdi
- Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hussien Radie Alawady
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Hashiem Alsaalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
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32
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Thongchot S, Aksonnam K, Thuwajit P, Yenchitsomanus PT, Thuwajit C. Nucleolin‑based targeting strategies in cancer treatment: Focus on cancer immunotherapy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:81. [PMID: 37477132 PMCID: PMC10555485 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of treating several types of cancers using immunotherapy have recently been established. The overexpression of nucleolin (NCL) in a number of types of cancer provides an attractive antigen target for the development of novel anticancer immunotherapeutic treatments. NCL is a multifunctional protein abundantly distributed in the nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane. It influences carcinogenesis, and the proliferation, survival and metastasis of cancer cells, leading to cancer progression. Additionally, the meta‑analysis of total and cytoplasmic NCL overexpression indicates a poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer. The AS1411 aptamers currently appear to have therapeutic action in the phase II clinical trial. The authors' research group has recently explored the anticancer function of NCL through the activation of T cells by dendritic cell‑based immunotherapy. The present review describes and discusses the mechanisms through which the multiple functions of NCL can participate in the progression of cancer. In addition, the studies that define the utility of NCL‑dependent anticancer therapies are summarized, with specific focus being paid to cancer immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyanee Thongchot
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
| | - Krittaya Aksonnam
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
| | - Peti Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
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Kallingal A, Olszewski M, Maciejewska N, Brankiewicz W, Baginski M. Cancer immune escape: the role of antigen presentation machinery. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:8131-8141. [PMID: 37031434 PMCID: PMC10374767 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of antigen processing and presentation play a crucial role in the recognition and targeting of cancer cells by the immune system. Cancer cells can evade the immune system by downregulating or losing the expression of the proteins recognized by the immune cells as antigens, creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and altering their ability to process and present antigens. This review focuses on the mechanisms of cancer immune evasion with a specific emphasis on the role of antigen presentation machinery. The study of the immunopeptidome, or peptidomics, has provided insights into the mechanisms of cancer immune evasion and has potential applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, manipulating the epigenetic landscape of cancer cells plays a critical role in suppressing the immune response against cancer. Targeting these mechanisms through the use of HDACis, DNMTis, and combination therapies has the potential to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action and optimal use of these therapies in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kallingal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Maciejewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wioletta Brankiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maciej Baginski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
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Duarte HS, da Veiga CRP, da Veiga CP, Wainstein AJA, da Silva WV, Drummond-Lage AP. Does it fit in your pocket? economic burden of PD-1 inhibitors' toxicity in the supplementary health system: evidence from Brazil. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:781. [PMID: 37480058 PMCID: PMC10360250 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A full understanding of the economic burden associated with treatment-related adverse events (AEs) can aid estimates of the incremental costs associated with incorporating new technologies and support cost-effective economic modeling in Brazil. In this context, the main objective of this work was to evaluate in a real-life database: (i) the direct medical cost of monitoring the occurrence of AEs (CMO); (ii) the direct medical cost of managing an identified AE (CMN); and (iii) the total direct medical cost of monitoring and managing AEs (TMC), in quarterly periods from 0 to 24 months of the monitoring of cancer patients who used a PD-1 inhibitor from the perspective of the supplementary health system in Brazil. METHODS This study was conducted from the supplementary health system (SSS) perspective and followed the methodological guidelines related to cost-of-illness studies. A bottom-up (person-based) approach was used to assess the use of health resources to monitor and manage AEs during the use of PD-1 inhibitors, which made it possible to capture differences in the mean frequency of the use of health services with stratification results for different subgroups. As the Brazilian SSS is complex, asymmetric, and fragmented, this study used information from different sources. The methodology was divided into three parts: (i) Data Source: clinical management of AEs; (ii) Microcosting: management of the economic burden of AEs; (iii) Statistical analysis: stratification of results for different subgroups. RESULTS Analysis of the economic burden of toxicity showed higher CMO costs than CMN in all the periods analyzed. In general, for every BRL 100 on average invested in the TMC of AEs, BRL 95 are used to monitor the occurrence of the AE and only BRL 5 to manage an identified AE. This work also showed that the sociodemographic characteristics of patients, the journey of oncological treatment, and the toxicity profile affect the economic burden related to AE. CONCLUSION This study provided real-world evidence of the economic burden of AEs associated with the use of PD-1 inhibitors in Brazil. This work also made methodological contributions by evaluating the economic burden of AE of PD-1 inhibitors considering the kinetics of toxicity occurrence and categorizing the costs in terms of CMO, CMN and TMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Santos Duarte
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-110, Brazil
| | - Cassia Rita Pereira da Veiga
- Departamento de Gestão de Serviços de Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte-MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Claudimar Pereira da Veiga
- FDC Business School, Fundação Dom Cabral, , Av. Princesa Diana, 760,Alphaville Lagoa Dos Ingleses, Nova Lima, MG, 34018-006, Brazil
| | | | - Wesley Vieira da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas - UFAL, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro Do Martins, Maceió, Alagoas, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Drummond-Lage
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-110, Brazil.
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Meybodi SM, Farasati Far B, Pourmolaei A, Baradarbarjastehbaf F, Safaei M, Mohammadkhani N, Samadani AA. Immune checkpoint inhibitors promising role in cancer therapy: clinical evidence and immune-related adverse events. Med Oncol 2023; 40:243. [PMID: 37453930 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led to noteworthy progressions in the management of diverse cancer types, as evidenced by the pioneering "ipilimumab" medication authorized by US FDA in 2011. Importantly, ICIs agents have demonstrated encouraging potential in bringing about transformation across diverse forms of cancer by selectively targeting the immune checkpoint pathways that are exploited by cancerous cells for dodging the immune system, culminating in progressive and favorable health outcomes for patients. The primary mechanism of action (MOA) of ICIs involves blocking inhibitory immune checkpoints. There are three approved categories including Programmed Death (PD-1) inhibitors (cemiplimab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab), Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) (Ipilimumab), and Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PDL-1) (Avelumab). Although ICIs promisingly increase therapeutic response and cancer survival rates, using ICIs has demonstrated some limitations including autoimmune reactions and toxicities, requiring close monitoring. The present review endeavors to explicate the underlying principles of the MOA and pharmacokinetics of the approved ICIs in the realm of cancer induction, including an appraisal of their level of practice-based evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahareh Farasati Far
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 1684613114, Iran.
| | - Ali Pourmolaei
- Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Shariati Ave, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Farid Baradarbarjastehbaf
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Maryam Safaei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, 99628, Famagusta, Turkey
| | - Niloufar Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Pandya A, Shah Y, Kothari N, Postwala H, Shah A, Parekh P, Chorawala MR. The future of cancer immunotherapy: DNA vaccines leading the way. Med Oncol 2023; 40:200. [PMID: 37294501 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-oncology has revolutionized cancer treatment and has opened up new opportunities for developing vaccination methods. DNA-based cancer vaccines have emerged as a promising approach to activating the bodily immune system against cancer. Plasmid DNA immunizations have shown a favorable safety profile and there occurs induction of generalized as well as tailored immune responses in preclinical and early-phase clinical experiments. However, these vaccines have notable limitations in immunogenicity and heterogeneity and these require refinements. DNA vaccine technology has been focusing on improving vaccine efficacy and delivery, with parallel developments in nanoparticle-based delivery systems and gene-editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9. This approach has showcased great promise in enhancing and tailoring the immune response to vaccination. Strategies to enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccines include the selection of appropriate antigens, optimizing insertion in a plasmid, and studying combinations of vaccines with conventional strategies and targeted therapies. Combination therapies have attenuated immunosuppressive activities in the tumor microenvironment and enhanced the capability of immune cells. This review provides an overview of the current framework of DNA vaccines in oncology and focuses on novel strategies, including established combination therapies and those still under development.The challenges that oncologists, scientists, and researchers need to overcome to establish DNA vaccines as an avant-garde approach to defeating cancer, are also emphasized. The clinical implications of the immunotherapeutic approaches and the need for predictive biomarkers have also been reviewed upon. We have also tried to extend the role of Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to the DNA vaccines. The clinical implications of the immunotherapeutic approaches have also been reviewed upon. Ultimately, refining and optimizing DNA vaccines will enable harnessing the immune system's natural ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells, leading the world towards a revolution in cancer cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanshi Pandya
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Yesha Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Nirjari Kothari
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Humzah Postwala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Aayushi Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Priyajeet Parekh
- AV Pharma LLC, 1545 University Blvd N Ste A, Jacksonville, FL, 32211, USA
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
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Liu X, Zhang L, Chen L. Establishment of a novel cytokine-related 8-gene signature for distinguishing and predicting the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1189361. [PMID: 37332770 PMCID: PMC10275569 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a common carcinoma in women, and the prognosis of TNBC is the worst. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we analyzed the functional roles of cytokine-related genes in TNBC. Methods The clinical and transcriptome data of TNBC patients were downloaded from TCGA database. A systematical analyses of the data from TCGA database were conducted to screen the prognostic genes and identify the main cytokine-related pathways related to TNBC. Results We identified 499 prognostic genes in TNBC patients from TCGA database and the cytokine-related pathways closely related to TNBC. TCGA-TNBC patients were divided into the high-risk cluster (C1) group and the low-risk cluster (C2) group based on the cytokine-related genes. The C1 group patients exhibited tumor metastasis and an advanced tumor stage. The functional analysis revealed that the upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the C1 group were mainly associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, stem cell proliferation, focal adhesion, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, while the downregulated DEGs in the C1 group were mainly associated with cytokine and cytokine receptors, T-helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation, and primary immunodeficiency. The immune activity of C1 group was lower than that of C2 group, and the identified half-maximal inhibitory concentration scores of 3 chemotherapy drugs (i.e., doxorubicin, methotrexate, and paclitaxel) were lower in C2 group than C1 group. More importantly, we constructed a novel prognostic signature and identified the following 8 genes: CCL25, CXCL13, IL12RB2, IL21, TNFRSF13C, TNFRSF8, CCL7 and GDF5. Conclusion The status of the cytokine-related pathway was closely related to tumor classification and immune activity in the TNBC patients. The gene signature of the cytokine-related genes showed an good performance in predicting the prognosis of TNBC patients, and could predict the prognosis of TNBC patients.
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Novoa Díaz MB, Carriere P, Gentili C. How the interplay among the tumor microenvironment and the gut microbiota influences the stemness of colorectal cancer cells. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:281-301. [PMID: 37342226 PMCID: PMC10277969 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most prevalent cancer disease and involves a multi-step process in which intestinal cells acquire malignant characteristics. It is well established that the appearance of distal metastasis in CRC patients is the cause of a poor prognosis and treatment failure. Nevertheless, in the last decades, CRC aggressiveness and progression have been attributed to a specific cell population called CRC stem cells (CCSC) with features like tumor initiation capacity, self-renewal capacity, and acquired multidrug resistance. Emerging data highlight the concept of this cell subtype as a plastic entity that has a dynamic status and can be originated from different types of cells through genetic and epigenetic changes. These alterations are modulated by complex and dynamic crosstalk with environmental factors by paracrine signaling. It is known that in the tumor niche, different cell types, structures, and biomolecules coexist and interact with cancer cells favoring cancer growth and development. Together, these components constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME). Most recently, researchers have also deepened the influence of the complex variety of microorganisms that inhabit the intestinal mucosa, collectively known as gut microbiota, on CRC. Both TME and microorganisms participate in inflammatory processes that can drive the initiation and evolution of CRC. Since in the last decade, crucial advances have been made concerning to the synergistic interaction among the TME and gut microorganisms that condition the identity of CCSC, the data exposed in this review could provide valuable insights into the biology of CRC and the development of new targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Novoa Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)- Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Carriere
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)- Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Gentili
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)- Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kciuk M, Yahya EB, Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed M, Rashid S, Iqbal MO, Kontek R, Abdulsamad MA, Allaq AA. Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2721. [PMID: 37345057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the current leading causes of death worldwide, despite the novel advances that have been made toward its treatment, it is still considered a major public health concern. Considering both the serious impact of cancer on public health and the significant side effects and complications of conventional therapeutic options, the current strategies towards targeted cancer therapy must be enhanced to avoid undesired toxicity. Cancer immunotherapy has become preferable among researchers in recent years compared to conventional therapeutic options, such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. The understanding of how to control immune checkpoints, develop therapeutic cancer vaccines, genetically modify immune cells as well as enhance the activation of antitumor immune response led to the development of novel cancer treatments. In this review, we address recent advances in cancer immunotherapy molecular mechanisms. Different immunotherapeutic approaches are critically discussed, focusing on the challenges, potential risks, and prospects involving their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | | | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Omer Iqbal
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Muhanad A Abdulsamad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Sabratha University, Sabratha 00218, Libya
| | - Abdulmutalib A Allaq
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
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Li J, Goh ELK, He J, Li Y, Fan Z, Yu Z, Yuan P, Liu DX. Emerging Intrinsic Therapeutic Targets for Metastatic Breast Cancer. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:697. [PMID: 37237509 PMCID: PMC10215321 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is now the most common cancer worldwide, and it is also the main cause of cancer-related death in women. Survival rates for female breast cancer have significantly improved due to early diagnosis and better treatment. Nevertheless, for patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer, the survival rate is still low, reflecting a need for the development of new therapies. Mechanistic insights into metastatic breast cancer have provided excellent opportunities for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Although high-throughput approaches have identified several therapeutic targets in metastatic disease, some subtypes such as triple-negative breast cancer do not yet have an apparent tumor-specific receptor or pathway to target. Therefore, exploring new druggable targets in metastatic disease is a high clinical priority. In this review, we summarize the emerging intrinsic therapeutic targets for metastatic breast cancer, including cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, the insulin/IGF1R pathway, the EGFR/HER family, the JAK/STAT pathway, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP), TROP-2, Src kinases, histone modification enzymes, activated growth factor receptors, androgen receptors, breast cancer stem cells, matrix metalloproteinases, and immune checkpoint proteins. We also review the latest development in breast cancer immunotherapy. Drugs that target these molecules/pathways are either already FDA-approved or currently being tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Eyleen L. K. Goh
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Faculty, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Ji He
- The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Yan Li
- The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Zhimin Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhigang Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China;
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Dong-Xu Liu
- The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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Darr C, Hilser T, Kesch C, Isgandarov A, Reis H, Wahl M, Kasper-Virchow I, Hadaschik BA, Grünwald V. Immune-Checkpoint-Inhibitor Therapy-Principles and Relevance of Biomarkers for Pathologists and Oncologists. Adv Anat Pathol 2023; 30:160-166. [PMID: 36221221 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint-inhibitor (ICI) therapy has been one of the major advances in the treatment of a variety of advanced or metastatic tumors in recent years. Therefore, ICI-therapy is already approved in first-line therapy for multiple tumors, either as monotherapy or as combination therapy. However, there are relevant differences in approval among different tumor entities, especially with respect to PD-L1 testing. Different response to ICI-therapy has been observed in the pivotal trials, so PD-L1 diagnostic testing is used for patient selection. In addition to PD-L1 testing of tumor tissue, liquid biopsy provides a noninvasive way to monitor disease in cancer patients and identify those who would benefit most from ICI-therapy. This overview focuses on the use of ICI-therapy and how it relates to common and potential future biomarkers for patient-directed treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Hilser
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen
| | - Claudia Kesch
- Department of Urology
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
| | | | - Henning Reis
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Milan Wahl
- Department of Urology
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
| | - Isabel Kasper-Virchow
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen
| | | | - Viktor Grünwald
- Department of Urology
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen
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Numpadit S, Ito C, Nakaya T, Hagiwara K. Investigation of oncolytic effect of recombinant Newcastle disease virus in primary and metastatic oral melanoma. Med Oncol 2023; 40:138. [PMID: 37022566 PMCID: PMC10079733 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is aggressive cancer with a high rate of local invasiveness and metastasis. Currently, the treatment options for patients with advanced-stage and metastatic oral melanoma are limited. A promising treatment option is oncolytic viral therapy. This study aimed to evaluate novel therapies for malignant melanoma using a canine model. Oral melanoma, which frequently occurs in dogs is used as a model for human melanoma, was isolated and cultured and used for the evaluation of the tumor lytic effect induced by viral infection. We constructed a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) that promotes the extracellular release of IFNγ from the virus-infected melanoma. The expression of oncolytic and apoptosis-related genes, the immune response by lymphocytes, and IFNγ expression were evaluated in virus-infected melanoma cells. The results showed that the rate of rNDV infection varied according to the isolated melanoma cells and the oncolytic effect differed between melanoma cells owing to the infectivity of the virus. The oncolytic effect tended to be greater for the IFNγ-expressing virus than for the GFP-expressing prototype virus. Additionally, lymphocytes co-cultured with the virus showed induced expression of Th1 cytokines. Therefore, recombinant NDV expressing IFNγ is expected to induce cellular immunity and oncolytic activity. This oncolytic treatment shows promise as a therapeutic approach for melanoma treatment once evaluated using clinical samples from humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Numpadit
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ito
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- Department of Infectious Disease, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto-shi, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Katsuro Hagiwara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan.
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Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are abundant in tumor tissues, raising a question of whether immunosuppressive tumor-infiltrating Tregs (TI-Tregs) can be selectively depleted or functionally attenuated to evoke effective anti-tumor immune responses by conventional T cells (Tconvs), without perturbing Treg-dependent immune homeostasis in healthy organs and causing autoimmunity. Here, we review current cancer immunotherapy strategies, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies against CTLA-4 and PD-1 and discuss their effects on TI-Tregs. We also discuss approaches that exploit differentially regulated molecules on the cell surface (e.g., CTLA-4) and intracellularly (e.g., T cell receptor signaling molecules) between TI-Tregs and Tconvs as well as their dependence on cytokines (e.g., IL-2) and metabolites (e.g., lactate). We envisage that targeting TI-Tregs could be effective as a monotherapy and/or when combined with ICB antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tay
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Dawidowicz M, Kula A, Mielcarska S, Kiczmer P, Skiba H, Krygier M, Chrabańska M, Piecuch J, Szrot M, Robotycka J, Ochman B, Strzałkowska B, Czuba Z, Świętochowska E, Waniczek D. B7H4 Expression Is More Frequent in MSS Status Colorectal Cancer and Is Negatively Associated with Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Cells 2023; 12:861. [PMID: 36980202 PMCID: PMC10046962 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunotherapies based on ICIs in CRC are nowadays limited to microsatellite unstable tumours which are approximately 15% of all CRC cases. There are a few new immune checkpoints belonging to the B7 family, including B7H4. B7H4 expression is associated with so-called “cold tumours”, and its function is linked to the downregulation of various immune cell populations. Our study aimed to investigate whether B7H4 expression is dependent on microsatellite status in CRC and on elucidating the immunological context in which the expression of B7H4 occurs. We enrolled 167 patients in the study. We prepared the homogenates from tumour tissues and healthy adjacent tissue to assess the B7H4 levels and the Bio-Plex Pro Human 48-cytokine panel. We assessed the microsatellite status of the tumour, B7H4 expression, CD8+ T cell population, and the TILs and budding in H + E stained slides by the IHC method. We used an online available database for further exploring the biological characteristics of B7H4. The expression of B7H4 was more frequent in microsatellite stable tumours, and was negatively associated with TILs. B7H4 is positively correlated with antitumour immunosuppressive iTME, thus contributing to the immunosuppressive environment in CRC.
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Dong M, Yu T, Tse G, Lin Z, Lin C, Zhang N, Wang R, Liu T, Zhong L. PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Accelerates the Progression of Atherosclerosis in Cancer Patients. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101527. [PMID: 36455793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PD-1(programed death-1)/PD-L1(programed death-1 ligand) blockade represents a major breakthrough of anti-cancer therapies, however, it may come with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity, such as myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmias, etc. Although the PD-1/PD-L1-blockade-related acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is rare, it can be fatal. Previous studies have implicated a role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in the development of atherosclerosis. This review explores a hypothesis that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis and promotes plaque rupture, by synthesizing the evidence of vascular inflammation, as well as plaque progression, destabilization and rupture via T-cell activation and effector function. In order to improve the prognosis of cancer patients and decrease the cardiotoxicity of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, early recognition of PD-1/PD-L1-blockade-related ACS is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yu
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China; Kent and Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Zerun Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Rujian Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China.
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Egeler MD, van Leeuwen M, Fraterman I, van den Heuvel NMJ, Boekhout AH, Lai-Kwon J, Wilthagen EA, Eriksson H, Haanen JB, Wilgenhof S, Ascierto PA, van Akkooi ACJ, van de Poll-Franse LV. Common toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy in the treatment of melanoma: A systematic scoping review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 183:103919. [PMID: 36736511 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This systematic scoping review compares the toxicities experienced by patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) or targeted therapy (TT) for stage III (resected and unresectable) and stage IV melanoma. METHODS OVID Medline, Embase, and PsycInfo were searched to identify Phase III trials reporting toxicities of FDA-approved ICIs and TT for advanced melanoma. AEs that were reported by ≥ 10% of patients in the evaluated trials were included. RESULTS Toxicity profiles of 11208 patients from 24 studies were reviewed. The rate of AEs was lower with ICIs compared to TT. However, ICIs were associated with higher rates of long-term or permanent AEs compared to TT, where toxicities generally were shortterm and reversible with treatment discontinuation. CONCLUSION The toxicity profiles of ICIs and TT vary substantially. Whilst the rate of AEs was lower with ICIs than during TT, it was also associated with higher rates of potentially chronic AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mees D Egeler
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marieke van Leeuwen
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Itske Fraterman
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Noelle M J van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annelies H Boekhout
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Lai-Kwon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erica A Wilthagen
- Scientific Information Service, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanna Eriksson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medical Unit Head-Neck-, Lung-, Skin Cancer, Skin Cancer Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John B Haanen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sofie Wilgenhof
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics Unit Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Alexander C J van Akkooi
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lonneke V van de Poll-Franse
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Research & Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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Muthukutty P, Woo HY, Ragothaman M, Yoo SY. Recent Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy Delivery Modalities. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020504. [PMID: 36839825 PMCID: PMC9967630 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is crucial in fighting cancer and achieving successful remission. Many novel strategies have recently developed, but there are still some obstacles to overcome before we can effectively attack the cancer cells and decimate the cancer environment by inducing a cascade of immune responses. To successfully demonstrate antitumor activity, immune cells must be delivered to cancer cells and exposed to the immune system. Such cutting-edge technology necessitates meticulously designed delivery methods with no loss or superior homing onto cancer environments, as well as high therapeutic efficacy and fewer adverse events. In this paper, we discuss recent advances in cancer immunotherapy delivery techniques, as well as their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniyandi Muthukutty
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Murali Ragothaman
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Yoo
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-51-510-3402
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48
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Firouzi J, Hajifathali A, Azimi M, Parvini N, Ghaemi F, Shayan Asl N, Hedayati Asl AA, Safa M, Ebrahimi M. Hsp70, in Combination with IL-15 and PD-1 Blocker, Interferes with The Induction of Cytotoxic NK Cells in Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Cell J 2023; 25:92-101. [PMID: 36840455 PMCID: PMC9968373 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.561054.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Natural killer (NK) cells are critical immune cells for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) targeting. However, little is known about the relationship between using checkpoint inhibitors and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) as NK cell activators to control AML. Therefore, the study aims to find the best formulation of Hsp70, human PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1) blocker, and interleukin 15 (IL-15) to activate NK cells against AML. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, the NK cells were isolated from mononuclear cells (MNCs) by using magnetic activation cell sorting (MACS) and were activated using the different combinations of Hsp70, PD-1 blocker, and IL-15 and then followed by immunophenotyping, functional assays to estimate their killing potential, and evaluation of expression pattern of PRF1, PIK3CB, PD-1, AKT-1, FAS-L, TRAIL, and GER A and B. RESULTS The expression of PD-1 was significantly (P<0.05) reduced after NK cell activation by the different formulas of IL-15, Hsp70, and PD-1 blocker. The expression of NKG2A in the treated NK cells was reduced particularly in the IL-15 (P<0.01) and IL-15+PD-1 blocker (P<0.05) groups. The addition of Hsp70 increased its expression. The cytotoxic effect of NK cells increased in all groups, especially in IL-15+PD-1 blocker besides increasing interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Granzymes, and perforin expression (P<0.05). All IL-15+PD-1 blocker group changes were associated with the upregulation of PIK3CB and AKT-1 as key factors of NK cell activation. The presence of Hsp70 reduced IFN-γ releasing, and down-regulation of PIK3CB, AKT-1, Granzymes, and Perforin (P<0.05). CONCLUSION We suggested the combination of IL-15 and PD-1 blocker could enhance the killing potential of AMLNK cells. Moreover, Hsp70 in combination with IL-15 and PD-1 blocker interferes activation of AML-NK cells through unknown mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Firouzi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and
Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Hajifathali
- Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and
Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Parvini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences,
Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaemi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and
Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Shayan Asl
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and
Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Hedayati Asl
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and
Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,P.O.Box: 1449614535Department of Hematology
and Blood BankingFaculty of Allied MedicineIran University of Medical
SciencesTehranIranP.O.Box: 16635-148Department of Stem Cells and Developmental BiologyCell
Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and TechnologyACECRTehranIran
Emails: ,
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and
Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology,
ACECR, Tehran, Iran,P.O.Box: 1449614535Department of Hematology
and Blood BankingFaculty of Allied MedicineIran University of Medical
SciencesTehranIranP.O.Box: 16635-148Department of Stem Cells and Developmental BiologyCell
Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and TechnologyACECRTehranIran
Emails: ,
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Berz AM, Boughdad S, Vietti-Violi N, Digklia A, Dromain C, Dunet V, Duran R. Imaging assessment of toxicity related to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133207. [PMID: 36911692 PMCID: PMC9995973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a wide range of cancer immunotherapies have been developed and have become increasingly important in cancer treatment across multiple oncologic diseases. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer promising options to improve patient outcomes. However, a major limitation of these treatments consists in the development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occurring in potentially any organ system and affecting up to 76% of the patients. The most frequent toxicities involve the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and endocrine system. Although mostly manageable, potentially life-threatening events, particularly due to neuro-, cardiac, and pulmonary toxicity, occur in up to 30% and 55% of the patients treated with ICI-monotherapy or -combination therapy, respectively. Imaging, in particular computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT), plays an important role in the detection and characterization of these irAEs. In some patients, irAEs can even be detected on imaging before the onset of clinical symptoms. In this context, it is particularly important to distinguish irAEs from true disease progression and specific immunotherapy related response patterns, such as pseudoprogression. In addition, there are irAEs which might be easily confused with other pathologies such as infection or metastasis. However, many imaging findings, such as in immune-related pneumonitis, are nonspecific. Thus, accurate diagnosis may be delayed underling the importance for adequate imaging features characterization in the appropriate clinical setting in order to provide timely and efficient patient management. 18F-FDG-PET/CT and radiomics have demonstrated to reliably detect these toxicities and potentially have predictive value for identifying patients at risk of developing irAEs. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the main immunotherapy-related toxicities and discuss their characteristics on imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M Berz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Boughdad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Naïk Vietti-Violi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Digklia
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clarisse Dromain
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Dunet
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Duran
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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50
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Khadela A, Shah Y, Mistry P, Bodiwala K, CB A. Immunomodulatory Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Recent Advances and Clinical Prospects. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338221150559. [PMID: 36683526 PMCID: PMC9893386 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221150559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a significant role in the development, invasion, progression, and metastasis of head and neck cancer. Over the last decade, the emergence of immunotherapy has irreversibly altered the paradigm of cancer treatment. The current treatment modalities for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) include surgery, radiotherapy, and adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy which has failed to provide satisfactory clinical outcomes. To encounter this, there is a need for a novel or targeted therapy such as immunological targets along with conventional treatment strategy for optimal therapeutic outcomes. The immune system can contribute to promoting metastasis, angiogenesis, and growth by exploiting the tumor's influence on the microenvironment. Immunological targets have been found effective in recent clinical studies and have shown promising results. This review outlines the important immunological targets and the medications acting on them that have already been explored, are currently under clinical trials and are further being targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Khadela
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Yesha Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Priya Mistry
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kunjan Bodiwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Avinash CB
- Medical Oncologist, ClearMedi Radiant Hospital, Mysore, India
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