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Saejung W, Khumtong K, Rapichai W, Ratanabunyong S, Rattanasrisomporn A, Choowongkomon K, Rungsuriyawiboon O, Rattanasrisomporn J. Detection of feline immunodeficiency virus by neutral red-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. Vet World 2024; 17:72-81. [PMID: 38406374 PMCID: PMC10884571 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.72-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a retroviral pathogen globally responsible for immunodeficiency disease in cats. However, the current diagnosis based on antibody detection has limitations and can also produce false-positive results. This study aimed to develop a one-pot loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) process integrated with neutral red (NR-LAMP) assay for detection of FIV proviral DNA. Materials and Methods We developed a one-pot, gag gene-based NR-LAMP for convenient, rapid, specific, and sensitive colorimetric inspection of FIV proviral DNA. Results The developed NR-LAMP was capable of amplifying at an optimum temperature of 65°C for 40 min. No cross-amplification was detected between FIV and other feline viruses tested, indicating the high specificity (98.44%) of the novel FIV-LAMP primer. Our NR-LAMP assay has a detection limit of 4.2 × 101 copies/μL. A total of 80 clinical samples with a background of FIV infection were collected and tested using the proposed method. The NR-LAMP assay showed a high sensitivity of 100% compared to conventional polymerase chain reaction assay. Conclusion These results support the suitability of NR-LAMP as a potential future alternative clinical molecular approach for further use in the diagnosis of FIV-infected cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichayet Saejung
- Graduate Program in Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kotchaporn Khumtong
- Graduate Program in Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Witsanu Rapichai
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriluk Ratanabunyong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amonpun Rattanasrisomporn
- Interdisciplinary of Genetic Engineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Oumaporn Rungsuriyawiboon
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn
- Graduate Program in Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Chadaeva IV, Filonov SV, Zolotareva KA, Khandaev BM, Ershov NI, Podkolodnyy NL, Kozhemyakina RV, Rasskazov DA, Bogomolov AG, Kondratyuk EY, Klimova NV, Shikhevich SG, Ryazanova MA, Fedoseeva LA, Redina ОЕ, Kozhevnikova OS, Stefanova NA, Kolosova NG, Markel AL, Ponomarenko MP, Oshchepkov DY. RatDEGdb: a knowledge base of differentially expressed genes in the rat as a model object in biomedical research. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:794-806. [PMID: 38213701 PMCID: PMC10777291 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The animal models used in biomedical research cover virtually every human disease. RatDEGdb, a knowledge base of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the rat as a model object in biomedical research is a collection of published data on gene expression in rat strains simulating arterial hypertension, age-related diseases, psychopathological conditions and other human afflictions. The current release contains information on 25,101 DEGs representing 14,320 unique rat genes that change transcription levels in 21 tissues of 10 genetic rat strains used as models of 11 human diseases based on 45 original scientific papers. RatDEGdb is novel in that, unlike any other biomedical database, it offers the manually curated annotations of DEGs in model rats with the use of independent clinical data on equal changes in the expression of homologous genes revealed in people with pathologies. The rat DEGs put in RatDEGdb were annotated with equal changes in the expression of their human homologs in affected people. In its current release, RatDEGdb contains 94,873 such annotations for 321 human genes in 836 diseases based on 959 original scientific papers found in the current PubMed. RatDEGdb may be interesting first of all to human geneticists, molecular biologists, clinical physicians, genetic advisors as well as experts in biopharmaceutics, bioinformatics and personalized genomics. RatDEGdb is publicly available at https://www.sysbio.ru/RatDEGdb.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Chadaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S V Filonov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - K A Zolotareva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - B M Khandaev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N I Ershov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N L Podkolodnyy
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - R V Kozhemyakina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D A Rasskazov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A G Bogomolov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E Yu Kondratyuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - N V Klimova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S G Shikhevich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M A Ryazanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L A Fedoseeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - О Е Redina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O S Kozhevnikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N A Stefanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N G Kolosova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A L Markel
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M P Ponomarenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D Yu Oshchepkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Cheng WC, Lawson C, Liu HH, Wilkie L, Dobromylskyj M, Luis Fuentes V, Dudhia J, Connolly DJ. Exploration of Mediators Associated with Myocardial Remodelling in Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2112. [PMID: 37443910 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) affects both humans and cats and exhibits considerable interspecies similarities that are exemplified by underlying pathological processes and clinical presentation to the extent that developments in the human field may have direct relevance to the feline disease. Characteristic changes on histological examination include cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial and replacement fibrosis. Clinically, HCM is characterised by significant diastolic dysfunction due to a reduction in ventricular compliance and relaxation associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and the development of ventricular hypertrophy. Studies in rodent models and human HCM patients have identified key protein mediators implicated in these pathological changes, including lumican, lysyl oxidase and TGF-β isoforms. We therefore sought to quantify and describe the cellular location of these mediators in the left ventricular myocardium of cats with HCM and investigate their relationship with the quantity and structural composition of the ECM. We identified increased myocardial content of lumican, LOX and TGF-β2 mainly attributed to their increased expression within cardiomyocytes in HCM cats compared to control cats. Furthermore, we found strong correlations between the expressions of these mediators that is compatible with their role as important components of cellular pathways promoting remodelling of the left ventricular myocardium. Fibrosis and hypertrophy are important pathological changes in feline HCM, and a greater understanding of the mechanisms driving this pathology may facilitate the identification of potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ching Cheng
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Charlotte Lawson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Hui-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Lois Wilkie
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | | | - Virginia Luis Fuentes
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - David J Connolly
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
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Shikhevich S, Chadaeva I, Khandaev B, Kozhemyakina R, Zolotareva K, Kazachek A, Oshchepkov D, Bogomolov A, Klimova NV, Ivanisenko VA, Demenkov P, Mustafin Z, Markel A, Savinkova L, Kolchanov NA, Kozlov V, Ponomarenko M. Differentially Expressed Genes and Molecular Susceptibility to Human Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043996. [PMID: 36835409 PMCID: PMC9966505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mainstream transcriptome profiling of susceptibility versus resistance to age-related diseases (ARDs) is focused on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specific to gender, age, and pathogeneses. This approach fits in well with predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory medicine and helps understand how, why, when, and what ARDs one can develop depending on their genetic background. Within this mainstream paradigm, we wanted to find out whether the known ARD-linked DEGs available in PubMed can reveal a molecular marker that will serve the purpose in anyone's any tissue at any time. We sequenced the periaqueductal gray (PAG) transcriptome of tame versus aggressive rats, identified rat-behavior-related DEGs, and compared them with their known homologous animal ARD-linked DEGs. This analysis yielded statistically significant correlations between behavior-related and ARD-susceptibility-related fold changes (log2 values) in the expression of these DEG homologs. We found principal components, PC1 and PC2, corresponding to the half-sum and the half-difference of these log2 values, respectively. With the DEGs linked to ARD susceptibility and ARD resistance in humans used as controls, we verified these principal components. This yielded only one statistically significant common molecular marker for ARDs: an excess of Fcγ receptor IIb suppressing immune cell hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Shikhevich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Irina Chadaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Bato Khandaev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- The Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Rimma Kozhemyakina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Karina Zolotareva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- The Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anna Kazachek
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- The Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry Oshchepkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- The Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anton Bogomolov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- The Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Natalya V. Klimova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- The Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Pavel Demenkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Zakhar Mustafin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- The Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Arcady Markel
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- The Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ludmila Savinkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- The Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kozlov
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology (RIFCI) SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ponomarenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-363-4963 (ext. 1311)
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Vargo C, Howerth EW, Banovic F. Transcriptome analysis of selected cytokine and chemokines in the eosinophilic plaques of cats with atopic skin syndrome. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:40-45. [PMID: 36193628 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evaluations of cytokine and chemokine gene expressions [messenger (m)RNA] in the skin of allergic cats were mostly unsuccessful in detecting the T-helper 2 (Th2) pathway, which is associated with the major effector cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE To evaluate differences in the mRNA expression in eosinophilic plaques of cats diagnosed with feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS) compared to healthy controls. ANIMALS Four client-owned cats with FASS with eosinophilic plaques and five healthy control cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expressions (mRNA) of 14 cytokines and chemokines from eosinophilic plaque skin of cats with FASS and site-matched skin samples from healthy controls were analysed using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis. RESULTS Eosinophilic plaques were characterized by upregulation of Th2 cytokines IL-4 (p ≤ 0.01), IL-5 (p ≤ 0.01) and IL-13 (p ≤ 0.01) and Th2-attracting chemokine CCL17 (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, there was higher expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A 8 (p ≤ 0.01) as well as C-X-C Motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10; p ≤ 0.01), IL-10 (p ≤ 0.05) and the Th17 cytokine IL-17A (p ≤ 0.01) in lesional skin compared to healthy samples. There was no difference in gene expressions of IL-12A, IL-31, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or CCL5. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results demonstrate that eosinophilic plaques feature dominant Th2 and IL-17A inflammatory responses in the skin. Further larger-sample transcriptome studies are needed to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of different skin lesions in FASS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Vargo
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Li YY, Chen X, Yang JX, Chen Q, Song TY, Ge JQ. Evaluation of housekeeping genes as references for quantitative real-time PCR analysis of European eel, Anguilla anguilla. J Fish Biol 2023; 102:141-154. [PMID: 36222316 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eels are important aquaculture species for which an increasing number of reference genes are being identified and applied. In this study, five housekeeping genes [RPL7 (ribosomal protein L7), 18 S (18 S ribosomal RNA), EF1A (elongation factor 1α), ACTB (β-actin) and GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)] were chosen to evaluate their reliability as reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for the study of Anguilla anguilla. The expression of the selected genes in different eel tissues was determined using qPCR at different growth stages or upon challenge by Anguillid herpesvirus (AngHV), and the expression levels of these genes were then compared and evaluated using the geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Then, RefFinder was used to comprehensively rank the examined housekeeping genes. Interestingly, the expression of the evaluated housekeeping genes exhibited tissue-dependent and treatment-dependent variations. In different growth periods A. anguilla tissues, the most stable genes were the following: ACTB in mucus; 18 S in skin and kidney; RPL7 in muscle, gill, intestine and brain; EF1A in heart and liver; and GAPDH in spleen. In contrast, in AngHV-challenged A. anguilla tissues, the most stable genes were the following: 18 S in mucus; RPL7 in skin, gill, heart, spleen, kidney and intestine; EF1A in muscle and liver; and ACTB in brain. Further comparison analysis indicated that the expression of RPL7 and EF1A was stable in multiple A. anguilla tissues in different growth periods and in eels challenged by AngHV. Nonetheless, the expression level of GAPDH in eel tissues was lower, and it was unstable in several tissues. These results indicated that the selection of reference genes for qPCR analysis in A. anguilla should be made in accordance with experimental parameters, and both RPL7 and EF1A could be used as reference genes for qPCR study of A. anguilla at different growth stages or upon challenge by AngHV. The reference genes identified in this study could improve the accuracy of qPCR data and facilitate further studies aimed at understanding the biology of eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin-Xian Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tie-Ying Song
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jun-Qing Ge
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Sato H, Fukui JN, Hirano H, Osada H, Arimura Y, Masuda M, Aida Y. Application of the Luminescence Syncytium Induction Assay to Identify Chemical Compounds That Inhibit Bovine Leukemia Virus Replication. Viruses 2022; 15:4. [PMID: 36680045 PMCID: PMC9861517 DOI: 10.3390/v15010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection causes endemic bovine leukemia and lymphoma, resulting in lower carcass weight and reduced milk production by the infected cattle, leading to economic losses. Without effective measures for treatment and prevention, high rates of BLV infection can cause problems worldwide. BLV research is limited by the lack of a model system to assay infection. To overcome this, we previously developed the luminescence syncytium induction assay (LuSIA), a highly sensitive and objectively quantifiable method for visualizing BLV infectivity. In this study, we applied LuSIA for the high-throughput screening of drugs that could inhibit BLV infection. We screened 625 compounds from a chemical library using LuSIA and identified two that markedly inhibited BLV replication. We then tested the chemical derivatives of those two compounds and identified BSI-625 and -679 as potent inhibitors of BLV replication with low cytotoxicity. Interestingly, BSI-625 and -679 appeared to inhibit different steps of the BLV lifecycle. Thus, LuSIA was applied to successfully identify inhibitors of BLV replication and may be useful for the development of anti-BLV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Sato
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
- Virus Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jun-na Fukui
- Department of Host Defense for Animals, School of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirano
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yutaka Arimura
- Department of Host Defense for Animals, School of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Michiaki Masuda
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Virus Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Oshchepkov D, Chadaeva I, Kozhemyakina R, Shikhevich S, Sharypova E, Savinkova L, Klimova NV, Tsukanov A, Levitsky VG, Markel AL. Transcription Factors as Important Regulators of Changes in Behavior through Domestication of Gray Rats: Quantitative Data from RNA Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36293128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on hereditary fixation of the tame-behavior phenotype during animal domestication remain relevant and important because they are of both basic research and applied significance. In model animals, gray rats Rattus norvegicus bred for either an enhancement or reduction in defensive response to humans, for the first time, we used high-throughput RNA sequencing to investigate differential expression of genes in tissue samples from the tegmental region of the midbrain in 2-month-old rats showing either tame or aggressive behavior. A total of 42 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; adjusted p-value < 0.01 and fold-change > 2) were identified, with 20 upregulated and 22 downregulated genes in the tissue samples from tame rats compared with aggressive rats. Among them, three genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) were detected: Ascl3 was upregulated, whereas Fos and Fosb were downregulated in tissue samples from the brains of tame rats brain. Other DEGs were annotated as associated with extracellular matrix components, transporter proteins, the neurotransmitter system, signaling molecules, and immune system proteins. We believe that these DEGs encode proteins that constitute a multifactorial system determining the behavior for which the rats have been artificially selected. We demonstrated that several structural subtypes of E-box motifs—known as binding sites for many developmental TFs of the bHLH class, including the ASCL subfamily of TFs—are enriched in the set of promoters of the DEGs downregulated in the tissue samples of tame rats’. Because ASCL3 may act as a repressor on target genes of other developmental TFs of the bHLH class, we hypothesize that the expression of TF gene Ascl3 in tame rats indicates longer neurogenesis (as compared to aggressive rats), which is a sign of neoteny and domestication. Thus, our domestication model shows a new function of TF ASCL3: it may play the most important role in behavioral changes in animals.
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Rapichai W, Saejung W, Khumtong K, Boonkaewwan C, Tuanthap S, Lieberzeit PA, Choowongkomon K, Rattanasrisomporn J. Development of Colorimetric Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Detecting Feline Coronavirus. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2075. [PMID: 36009664 PMCID: PMC9405184 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Feline coronavirus infecting domestic cats can cause feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a fatal infectious disease. Several relevant clinical diagnoses and molecular methods are complicated and often ambiguous for veterinarians. In this work developed a rapid, sensitive, specific, and easy-to-visualize colorimetric reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay with a novel LAMP primer set that has high specificity was developed using neutral red as an indicator dye. This proposed procedure could reliably detect FCoV RNA from effusion fluids comparable to the conventional PCR method. Considering these advantages, the RT-LAMP developed here has great potential on FIP-associated FCoV surveillance. Together with other sophisticated molecular diagnostic tools, this method can further be exploited in clinical laboratories to inspect suspected cats with effusive FIP. Abstract Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a worldwide fatal disease caused by a mutant feline coronavirus (FCoV). Simple and efficient molecular detection methods are needed. Here, sensitive, specific, rapid, and reliable colorimetric reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) was developed to detect the ORF1a/1b gene of FCoV from cats with suspected FIP using neutral red as an indicator. Novel LAMP primers were specifically designed based on the gene of interest. The isothermal assay could visually detect FCoV at 58 °C for 50 min. The RT-LAMP assay was highly specific and had no cross-reactivity with other related feline viruses. The detection limit of FCoV detection by RT-LAMP was 20 fg/µL. A blind clinical test (n = 81) of the developed RT-LAMP procedure was in good agreement with the conventional PCR method. In the light of its performance specificity, sensitivity, and easy visualization, this neutral-red-based RT-LAMP approach would be a fruitful alternative molecular diagnostic tool for veterinary inspection of FCoV when combined with nucleotide sequencing or specific PCR to affirm the highly virulent FIP-associated FCoV.
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10
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Angelou V, Psalla D, Dovas CI, Kazakos GM, Marouda C, Chatzimisios K, Kyrana Z, Moutou E, Karayannopoulou M, Papazoglou LG. Locally Injected Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Improves Cutaneous Wound Healing in Cats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151993. [PMID: 35953982 PMCID: PMC9367528 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous defects in cats are commonly encountered in clinical practice, and healing can be accomplished by first or second intention. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is characterized by a plasma concentration containing a large number of platelets in a small volume of plasma. The objective of the present study was to record the efficacy of PRP infiltration in open wounds in laboratory cats. Six wounds were created in the dorsal midline of eight laboratory cats, with the wounds of one side designated as the PRP group and the wounds of the other side as the control group. Wound healing was evaluated by daily clinical examination, planimetry, laser Doppler flowmetry, and histologic examination on days 0, 7, 14, and 25, and by measurement of metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and -9 and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 on days 0, 14, and 25. Based on the results of the present study, the mean time for full coverage with granulation tissue was shorter in the PRP group, the mean contraction and total wound healing percentage were increased compared to the control group, and finally, the perfusion measured with laser Doppler flowmetry was higher in the PRP group during all examination days. In conclusion, this is the first study focusing on the topical application of PRP in the treatment of open wounds in laboratory cats, and our results are encouraging—showing a more rapid healing in the PRP group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileia Angelou
- Unit of Surgery and Obstetrics, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+231-0994408
| | - Dimitra Psalla
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysostomos I. Dovas
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 S. Voutyra Str., 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George M. Kazakos
- Unit of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Marouda
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Chatzimisios
- Unit of Surgery and Obstetrics, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zacharenia Kyrana
- Laboratory of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Moutou
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 S. Voutyra Str., 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Karayannopoulou
- Unit of Surgery and Obstetrics, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lysimachos G. Papazoglou
- Unit of Surgery and Obstetrics, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Oshchepkov D, Chadaeva I, Kozhemyakina R, Zolotareva K, Khandaev B, Sharypova E, Ponomarenko P, Bogomolov A, Klimova NV, Shikhevich S, Redina O, Kolosova NG, Nazarenko M, Kolchanov NA, Markel A, Ponomarenko M. Stress Reactivity, Susceptibility to Hypertension, and Differential Expression of Genes in Hypertensive Compared to Normotensive Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2835. [PMID: 35269977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although half of hypertensive patients have hypertensive parents, known hypertension-related human loci identified by genome-wide analysis explain only 3% of hypertension heredity. Therefore, mainstream transcriptome profiling of hypertensive subjects addresses differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specific to gender, age, and comorbidities in accordance with predictive preventive personalized participatory medicine treating patients according to their symptoms, individual lifestyle, and genetic background. Within this mainstream paradigm, here, we determined whether, among the known hypertension-related DEGs that we could find, there is any genome-wide hypertension theranostic molecular marker applicable to everyone, everywhere, anytime. Therefore, we sequenced the hippocampal transcriptome of tame and aggressive rats, corresponding to low and high stress reactivity, an increase of which raises hypertensive risk; we identified stress-reactivity-related rat DEGs and compared them with their known homologous hypertension-related animal DEGs. This yielded significant correlations between stress reactivity-related and hypertension-related fold changes (log2 values) of these DEG homologs. We found principal components, PC1 and PC2, corresponding to a half-difference and half-sum of these log2 values. Using the DEGs of hypertensive versus normotensive patients (as the control), we verified the correlations and principal components. This analysis highlighted downregulation of β-protocadherins and hemoglobin as whole-genome hypertension theranostic molecular markers associated with a wide vascular inner diameter and low blood viscosity, respectively.
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12
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Girolami F, Candellone A, Jarriyawattanachaikul W, Meineri G, Nebbia C, Badino P. Protective Effect of Natural Antioxidant Compounds on Methimazole Induced Oxidative Stress in a Feline Kidney Epithelial Cell Line (CRFK). Vet Sci 2021; 8:220. [PMID: 34679050 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of choice for feline hyperthyroidism is the administration of the antithyroid drug methimazole. Both the endocrinopathy and the drug adverse reactions (e.g., hepatotoxicosis, gastrointestinal disorders, and renal injury) are partly due to oxidative stress and redox unbalance. This study investigated the free radical production and the impairment of the antioxidant barrier induced by methimazole in an in vitro model of feline renal epithelium. The protective effects of quercetin and resveratrol were also explored. CRFK cells were incubated with a methimazole concentration equivalent to the maximum plasma levels in orally treated cats (4 µM), in the presence or absence of either one of the two selected antioxidants at different time-points (up to 72 h). Cell viability, ROS production, GSH levels, and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (i.e., CAT, SOD, GPx, and GST) were assessed. Methimazole impaired cell viability and increased ROS levels in a time-dependent manner. Similarly, GSH content and CAT, SOD, and GPx3 expression were higher compared with control cells. Such effects were significantly counteracted by quercetin. These results provide new insights about the mechanisms underlying the methimazole-related side effects frequently observed in hyperthyroid cats. They also support the use of quercetin in the management of feline hyperthyroidism.
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13
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Chadaeva I, Ponomarenko P, Kozhemyakina R, Suslov V, Bogomolov A, Klimova N, Shikhevich S, Savinkova L, Oshchepkov D, Kolchanov NA, Markel A, Ponomarenko M. Domestication Explains Two-Thirds of Differential-Gene-Expression Variance between Domestic and Wild Animals; The Remaining One-Third Reflects Intraspecific and Interspecific Variation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2667. [PMID: 34573632 PMCID: PMC8465180 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Belyaev's concept of destabilizing selection during domestication was a major achievement in the XX century. Its practical value has been realized in commercial colors of the domesticated fox that never occur in the wild and has been confirmed in a wide variety of pet breeds. Many human disease models involving animals allow to test drugs before human testing. Perhaps this is why investigators doing transcriptomic profiling of domestic versus wild animals have searched for breed-specific patterns. Here we sequenced hypothalamic transcriptomes of tame and aggressive rats, identified their differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and, for the first time, applied principal component analysis to compare them with all the known DEGs of domestic versus wild animals that we could find. Two principal components, PC1 and PC2, respectively explained 67% and 33% of differential-gene-expression variance (hereinafter: log2 value) between domestic and wild animals. PC1 corresponded to multiple orthologous DEGs supported by homologs; these DEGs kept the log2 value sign from species to species and from tissue to tissue (i.e., a common domestication pattern). PC2 represented stand-alone homologous DEG pairs reversing the log2 value sign from one species to another and from tissue to tissue (i.e., representing intraspecific and interspecific variation).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mikhail Ponomarenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (P.P.); (R.K.); (V.S.); (A.B.); (N.K.); (S.S.); (L.S.); (D.O.); (N.A.K.); (A.M.)
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14
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Budel SJ, Penning MM, Penning LC. Hippo signaling pathway in companion animal diseases, an under investigated signaling cascade. Vet Q 2021; 41:172-180. [PMID: 33945400 PMCID: PMC8128184 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1923085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a highly conserved kinase cascade in mammals with the proteins YAP and TAZ as its most important downstream effectors that shuttle between cytoplasma and nucleus. It has a crucial role in processes such as embryogenesis, organ size control, homeostasis and tissue regeneration, where mechanosensing and/or cell-cell interactions are involved. As the pathway is associated with many essential functions in the body, its dysregulation is related to many diseases. In contrast to human pathology, a PubMed-search on Hippo, YAP/TAZ and companion animals (horse, equine, dog, canine, cat, feline) retrieved few publications. Because of its high level of functional conservation, it is anticipated that also in veterinary sciences aberrant Hippo YAP/TAZ signaling would be implicated in animal pathologies. Publications on Hippo YAP/TAZ in companion animals are mainly in cats and dogs and related to oncology. Here, we emphasize the important role of YAP/TAZ in liver diseases. First the liver has a remarkable regeneration capacity and a strict size control and the liver has a moderate liver cell renewal (homeostasis). The last years numerous papers show the importance of YAP/TAZ in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatocyte differentiation and bile duct epithelial (BEC) cell survival. YAP/TAZ signaling is involved in activation of hepatic stellate cells crucial in fibrogenesis. The availability of drugs (e.g. verteporfin) targeting the YAP/TAZ pathway are described as is their potential usage in veterinary medicine. The aim of this overview is to stimulate researchers' and clinicians' interest in the potential role of Hippo YAP/TAZ signaling in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaydee J Budel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes M Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Bessière P, Fusade-Boyer M, Walch M, Lèbre L, Brun J, Croville G, Boullier S, Cadiergues MC, Guérin JL. Household Cases Suggest That Cats Belonging to Owners with COVID-19 Have a Limited Role in Virus Transmission. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040673. [PMID: 33919936 PMCID: PMC8070925 DOI: 10.3390/v13040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19 and spread rapidly following its emergence in Wuhan in 2019. Although cats are, among other domestic animals, susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, little is known about their epidemiological role in the dynamics of a household infection. In this study, we monitored five cats for viral shedding daily. Each cat was confined with its COVID-19 positive owners in separate households. Low loads of viral nucleic acid were found in two cats, but only one developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, which suggests that cats have a limited role in COVID-19 epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bessière
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.F.-B.); (M.W.); (L.L.); (G.C.); (J.-L.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maxime Fusade-Boyer
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.F.-B.); (M.W.); (L.L.); (G.C.); (J.-L.G.)
| | - Mathilda Walch
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.F.-B.); (M.W.); (L.L.); (G.C.); (J.-L.G.)
| | - Laetitia Lèbre
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.F.-B.); (M.W.); (L.L.); (G.C.); (J.-L.G.)
| | - Jessie Brun
- Small Animal Clinic, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France; (J.B.); (M.-C.C.)
| | - Guillaume Croville
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.F.-B.); (M.W.); (L.L.); (G.C.); (J.-L.G.)
| | - Séverine Boullier
- InTheRes, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France;
| | - Marie-Christine Cadiergues
- Small Animal Clinic, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France; (J.B.); (M.-C.C.)
- Infinity, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UT3, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Guérin
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.F.-B.); (M.W.); (L.L.); (G.C.); (J.-L.G.)
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16
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Altamura G, Degli Uberti B, Galiero G, De Luca G, Power K, Licenziato L, Maiolino P, Borzacchiello G. The Small Molecule BIBR1532 Exerts Potential Anti-cancer Activities in Preclinical Models of Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Inhibition of Telomerase Activity and Down-Regulation of TERT. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:620776. [PMID: 33553285 PMCID: PMC7855307 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.620776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase activity (TA) is a main feature of cancer, contributing to cell immortalization by causing telomeres dysfunction. BIBR1532 is a potent telomerase inhibitor that showed potential anti-tumor activities in several types of cancer, by triggering replicative senescence and apoptosis. In a previous work, we detected, for the first time, TERT expression and TA in preclinical models of feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC); therefore, we aimed at extending our investigation by testing the effects of treatment with BIBR1532, in order to explore the role of telomerase in this tumor and foreshadow the possibility of it being considered as a future therapeutic target. In the present study, treatment of FOSCC cell lines SCCF1, SCCF2, and SCCF3 with BIBR1532 resulted in successful inhibition of TA, with subsequent cell growth stoppage and decrease in cell viability. Molecular data showed that up-regulation of cell cycle inhibitor p21, unbalancing of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and down-regulation of survival gene Survivin were mostly involved in the observed cellular events. Moreover, BIBR1532 diminished the expression of TERT and its transcriptional activator cMyc, resulting in the down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phospho-ERK/ERK ratio, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1/-2 and−9, likely as a consequence of an impairment of TERT extra-telomeric functions. Taken together, our data suggest that BIBR1532 exerts multiple anti-cancer activities in FOSCC by inhibiting telomerase pathway and interfering with signaling routes involved in cell proliferation, cell survival, and invasion, paving the way for future translational studies aimed at evaluating its possible employment in the treatment of this severe tumor of cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Galiero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Luca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Karen Power
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Jia E, Zhou Y, Shi H, Pan M, Zhao X, Ge Q. Effects of brain tissue section processing and storage time on gene expression. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1142:38-47. [PMID: 33280702 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The pre-processing of samples is important factors that affect the results of the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data. However, the effects of frozen sections storage conditions on the integrity of RNA and sequencing results haven't been reported. The study of frozen section protection schemes can provide reliable experimental results for single-cell and spatial transcriptome sequencing. In this study, RNA was isolated to be studied for RNA from brain section at different temperatures (RT: room temperature, -20 °C) and storage time (0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 16 h, 24 h, 7day, 3week, 6month). The stability of reference genes was validated using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that the storage at room temperature significantly affected RNA integrity number (RIN), and the RIN value was lower with the prolongation of storage, while the storage at -20 °C exerted less effect on the RIN value. Cresyl violet staining for brain tissue sections had little effect on RNA integrity. 1925, 899 and 3390 differential expression genes (DEGs) were screened at 2 h, 4 h and 8 h at room temperature, respectively. A total of 892, 478 and 619 genes were shown to be differentially expressed at -20 °C for 7d, 3w and 6 m, respectively. Among them, the expression of glycoprotein m6a (Gpm6a), calmodulin 1 (Calm1), calmodulin 1 (Calm2), thymosin, beta 4, X chromosome (Tmsb4x), ribosomal protein S21 (Rps21) and so on were correlated with RNA quality. According to the expression stability of 4 reference genes (Actb: beta-actin; Gapdh: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; 18S: 18S ribosomal; Hprt1: hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1), 18S is the most stable reference gene in the brain. In conclusion, the storage temperature and time of frozen sections have significant effects on RNA integrity and sequencing results. But there are still some genes that are stable and not affected by worsening of overall RNA integrity ie the decrease of RIN value. In addition, 1% cresyl violet staining can protect RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erteng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Huajuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Min Pan
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210097, China
| | - Xiangwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qinyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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18
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Iio A, Kaji K, Kaji N, Hori M, Yonezawa T, Momoi Y, Maeda S. Expression analysis of protease-activated receptor-2 in cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 229:110115. [PMID: 32932190 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disease in geriatric cats. Despite its high prevalence, the pathogenesis of feline CKD is poorly understood. Recently, there has been increasing evidence for the role of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) in the progression of CKD in humans and rodents. However, the role of PAR-2 in feline CKD has not been evaluated. In this study, we determined nucleotide sequence of feline PAR-2 from the kidney, evaluated PAR-2 mRNA and protein expression in normal feline tissues, and analyzed functional expression in the feline kidney epithelial cell line Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney (CRFK). The open reading frame of feline PAR-2 comprised 1,194 bp and encoded 397 amino acids, showing 90%, 90%, and 85% identities to human, dog, and mouse PAR-2, respectively. In healthy cats, expression levels of the PAR-2 mRNA and protein were relatively higher in the gastrointestinal tract and kidney, and was lowest in the heart. The feline PAR-2 protein expression was confirmed, and stimulation of trypsin and PAR-2 agonists induced a prompt increase in the intracellular calcium ion concentration in CRFK cells. The present study will provide fundamental information for investigation of the involvement of PAR-2 in the pathogenesis of CKD in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Iio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kaji
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kaji
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Momoi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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19
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Altamura G, Martano M, Licenziato L, Maiolino P, Borzacchiello G. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) Expression, Telomerase Activity, and Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP)-1/-2/-9 in Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines Associated With Felis catus Papillomavirus Type-2 Infection. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:148. [PMID: 32292795 PMCID: PMC7118734 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase activity contributes to cell immortalization by avoiding telomere shortening at each cell division; indeed, its catalytic subunit telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is overexpressed in many tumors, including human oral squamous cell carcinoma (hOSCC). In these tumors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a group of zinc-dependent endopeptidases involved in cell migration, contribute to invasive potential of cancer cells. A proportion of hOSCC is associated with infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPVs), whose E6 oncogene enhances TERT and MMPs expression, thus promoting cancer progression. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is a malignant tumor with highly invasive phenotype; however, studies on telomerase activity, TERT, and MMPs expression are scarce. In this study, we demonstrate telomerase activity, expression of TERT, and its transcriptional activator cMyc along with expression of MMP-1, -2, and -9 in FOSCC-derived cell lines SCCF2 and SCCF3, suggesting a contribution by these pathways in cell immortalization and invasion in these tumors. Recent studies suggest that a sub-group of FOSCC as well as SCCF2 and SCCF3 are associated with Felis catus PV type-2 (FcaPV-2) infection. However, in this work, FcaPV-2 E6 gene knock-down caused no shift in either TERT, cMyc, or MMPs levels, suggesting that, unlike its human counterpart, the viral oncogene plays no role in their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuela Martano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Altamura G, Cardeti G, Cersini A, Eleni C, Cocumelli C, Bartolomé Del Pino LE, Razzuoli E, Martano M, Maiolino P, Borzacchiello G. Detection of Felis catus papillomavirus type-2 DNA and viral gene expression suggest active infection in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:494-501. [PMID: 31989718 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Papillomavirus (PV) infection is associated with development of epithelial cancer in different species, including domestic cat (Felis catus). Felis catus PV type-2 (FcaPV-2) is considered the causative agent of a proportion of feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), through the transforming properties of its E6 and E7 oncogenes. However, the possible role of FcaPVs in the aetiology of feline oral SCC (FOSCC) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the presence and gene expression of FcaPV-2 in FOSCC samples. We detected FcaPV-2 DNA in 10/32 (31%) of the analysed FOSCC by the use of PCR methods. Importantly, viral mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in 7/10 (70%) of DNA positive samples. In particular, FcaPV-2 L1, E2 and E6E7 genes were found to be expressed in 5/10 (50%), 3/10 (33%) and 5/10 (50%) samples, respectively. Viral DNA was also detected in non neoplastic oral ulcerative lesions (ULs) (4/11, 36%); qPCR suggested a difference in viral load between ULs and FOSCCs, particularly in those expressing E6E7, although it was not statistically significant. These data suggest, but do not definively prove, a possible role of FcaPV-2 in the development of a proportion of FOSCC. Moreover, L1 and E2 gene expression results indicate that FcaPV-2 infection associated with these tumours may possibly be productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giusy Cardeti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Cersini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Eleni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Cocumelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Razzuoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuela Martano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Khidkhan K, Mizukawa H, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama SMM, Nomiyama K, Yokoyama N, Ichii O, Darwish WS, Takiguchi M, Tanabe S, Ishizuka M. Tissue distribution and characterization of feline cytochrome P450 genes related to polychlorinated biphenyl exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 226:108613. [PMID: 31487551 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cats have been known to be extremely sensitive to chemical exposures. To understand these model species' sensitivity to chemicals and their toxicities, the expression profiles of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes should be studied. Unfortunately, the characterization of cytochrome P450 (CYP), the dominant enzyme in phase I metabolism, in cats has not extensively been studied. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are known as CYP inducers in animals, but the information regarding the PCB-induced CYP expression in cats is limited. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to elucidate the mRNA expression of the CYP1-CYP3 families in the cat tissues and to investigate the CYP mRNA expression related to PCB exposure. In cats, the greatest abundance of CYP1-CYP3 (CYP1A2, CYP2A13, CYP2C41, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP2E2, CYP2F2, CYP2F5, CYP2J2, CYP2U1, and CYP3A132) was expressed in the liver, but some extrahepatic isozymes were found in the kidney (CYP1A1), heart (CYP1B1), lung (CYP2B11 and CYP2S1) and small intestine (CYP3A131). In cats, CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 were significantly upregulated in the liver as well as in several tissues exposed to PCBs, indicating that these CYPs were distinctly induced by PCBs. The strong correlations between 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB77) and CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA expressions were noted, demonstrating that CB77 could be a potent CYP1 inducer. In addition, these CYP isoforms could play an essential role in the PCBs biotransformation, particularly 3-4 Cl-PCBs, because a high hydroxylated metabolite level of 3-4 Cl-OH-PCBs was observed in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kraisiri Khidkhan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; Department of Science and Technology for Biological Resources and Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.
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Asadian P, Bienzle D. Interferon γ and α Have Differential Effects on SAMHD1, a Potent Antiviral Protein, in Feline Lymphocytes. Viruses 2019; 11:E921. [PMID: 31600877 DOI: 10.3390/v11100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterile alpha motif and histidine/aspartic domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a protein with anti-viral, anti-neoplastic, and anti-inflammatory properties. By degrading cellular dNTPs to constituent deoxynucleoside and free triphosphate, SAMHD1 limits viral DNA synthesis and prevents replication of HIV-1 and some DNA viruses such as HBV, vaccinia, and HSV-1. Recent findings suggest SAMHD1 is broadly active against retroviruses in addition to HIV-1, such as HIV-2, FIV, BIV, and EIAV. Interferons are cytokines produced by lymphocytes and other cells that induce a wide array of antiviral proteins, including some with activity again lentiviruses. Here we evaluated the role of IFNs on SAMHD1 gene expression, transcription, and post-translational modification in a feline CD4+ T cell line (FeTJ) and in primary feline CD4+ T lymphocytes. SAMHD1 mRNA in FetJ cells increased in a dose-related manner in response to IFNγ treatment concurrent with increased nuclear localization and phosphorylation. IFNα treatment induced SAMHD1 mRNA but did not significantly alter SAMHD1 protein detection, phosphorylation, or nuclear translocation. In purified primary feline CD4+ lymphocytes, IL2 supplementation increased SAMHD1 expression, but the addition of IFNγ did not further alter SAMHD1 protein expression or nuclear localization. Thus, the effect of IFNγ on SAMHD1 expression is cell-type dependent, with increased translocation to the nucleus and phosphorylation in FeTJ but not primary CD4+ lymphocytes. These findings imply that while SAMH1 is inducible by IFNγ, overall activity is cell type and compartment specific, which is likely relevant to the establishment of lentiviral reservoirs in quiescent lymphocyte populations.
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Zhou R, Comizzoli P, Keefer CL. Endogenous pluripotent factor expression after reprogramming cat fetal fibroblasts using inducible transcription factors. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1671-1681. [PMID: 31429169 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete transgene-silencing remains a challenge in the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in felids-a critical family in biomedical and biodiversity conservation science. In this study doxycycline-inducible transgenes (NANOG, POU5F1, SOX2, KLF4, and cMYC) were used to reprogram cat fetal fibroblasts with the objective of obtaining iPSC with fully silenced transgenes. Colony formation was slower (14 vs. 8 days) and at lower efficiency than mouse embryonic fibroblasts (0.002% vs. 0.02% of seeded cells). Alkaline-phosphatase positive colonies were grown on feeder cells plus LIF and GSK3, MEK, and ROCK inhibitors. Cells could be passaged singly and transgene expression was silenced at passage 3 (P3) after doxycycline removal at P2. NANOG, POU5F1, and SOX2 were expressed at P3, P6, and P10, although at lower immunostaining intensities than in cat inner cell masses (ICM). Transcripts related to pluripotency (NANOG, POU5F1, SOX2, KLF4, cMYC, and REX1) and differentiation (FGF5, TBXT, GATA6, SOX17, FOXF1, PAX6, and SOX1) were assessed by a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in iPSC and embryoid bodies. The immunostaining patterns, relatively low levels of NANOG and REX1 in comparison to ICM along with the expression of TBXT (mesoderm) suggested that cells were a mix of reprogrammed pluripotent and differentiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhou
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI), National Zoological Park, Washington, DC
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI), National Zoological Park, Washington, DC
| | - Carol L Keefer
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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Valtolina C, Robben JH, van Wolferen ME, Kruitwagen HS, Corbee RJ, Favier RP, Penning LC. Gene expressions of de novo hepatic lipogenesis in feline hepatic lipidosis. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 22:500-505. [PMID: 31322470 PMCID: PMC7252220 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19857853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate if de novo hepatic lipid synthesis contributes to fatty acid overload in the liver of cats with feline hepatic lipidosis (FHL). Methods Lipogenic gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding factor (SREBF1) were evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR in liver tissue of six cats with FHL and compared with the liver tissue of eight healthy cats. Results In liver tissue, PPAR-α, PPAR-γ and FASN mRNA expression levels were not significantly different (P >0.12, P >0.89 and P >0.5, respectively) in the FHL group compared with the control group. SREBF1 gene expression was downregulated around 10-fold in the FHL group vs the control group (P = 0.039). Conclusions and relevance The downregulation of SREBF1 in the liver tissue of cats with FHL does not support the hypothesis that de novo lipogenesis in the liver is an important pathway of fatty acid accumulation in FHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Valtolina
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris H Robben
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hedwig S Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J Corbee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Zhou R, Wildt DE, Keefer CL, Comizzoli P. Combinations of Growth Factors Regulating LIF/STAT3, WNT, and FGF2 Pathways Sustain Pluripotency-Related Proteins in Cat Embryonic Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:329-340. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhou
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI), Washington, District of Columbia
| | - David E. Wildt
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI), Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Carol L. Keefer
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI), Washington, District of Columbia
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Altamura G, Power K, Martano M, Degli Uberti B, Galiero G, De Luca G, Maiolino P, Borzacchiello G. Felis catus papillomavirus type-2 E6 binds to E6AP, promotes E6AP/p53 binding and enhances p53 proteasomal degradation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17529. [PMID: 30510267 PMCID: PMC6277439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
E6 from high risk human papillomaviruses (HR HPVs) promotes ubiquitination and degradation of p53 tumour suppressor by mediating its binding to ubiquitin ligase E6AP in a ternary complex, contributing to cell transformation in cervical cancer. We have previously shown that Felis catus papillomavirus type −2 (FcaPV-2) E6 is expressed in feline squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and displays the ability to bind p53 and decrease its protein levels in transfected CRFK cells. However, the mechanism of p53 downregulation has not yet been characterized. Here we show that FcaPV-2 E6 bound to E6AP, which in turn was bound by p53 exclusively in cells expressing the viral oncoprotein (CRFKE6). Furthermore, p53 was highly poly-ubiquitinated and underwent accumulation upon E6AP gene knockdown in CRFKE6. Half-life experiments and proteasome inhibition treatments indicated that down-regulation of p53 protein in CRFKE6 was due to accelerated proteasomal degradation. E6AP/p53 binding was also demonstrated in two feline SCC cell lines expressing FcaPV-2 E6, where p53 protein levels and poly-ubiquitination degree were proportional to E6 mRNA levels. The data obtained in both artificial and spontaneous in vitro models suggest that FcaPV-2 E6 degrades p53 through a molecular mechanism similar to HR HPVs, possibly contributing to the development of feline SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions - University of Naples Federico II - Via Veterinaria 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Karen Power
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions - University of Naples Federico II - Via Veterinaria 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Manuela Martano
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions - University of Naples Federico II - Via Veterinaria 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Barbara Degli Uberti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, Portici, Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Giorgio Galiero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, Portici, Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Luca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, Portici, Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions - University of Naples Federico II - Via Veterinaria 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions - University of Naples Federico II - Via Veterinaria 1, Naples, 80137, Italy.
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Ashwell M, Freire M, O'Nan AT, Benito J, Hash J, McCulloch RS, Lascelles BDX. Characterization of gene expression in naturally occurring feline degenerative joint disease-associated pain. Vet J 2018; 243:42-47. [PMID: 30606438 PMCID: PMC7129418 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nervous system tissue from cats with painful degenerative joint disease (DJD) was analyzed. Gene expression was determined to investigate the neurobiological signature of DJD pain. There was decreased NGF and increased CX3CL1 expression in the spinal cord in DJD-affected cats compared to healthy controls. There was increased expression of ATF3 and CX3CL1 in dorsal root ganglia, in DJD-affected cats compared to healthy controls. Such studies have the potential to inform about relevant targets for the control of chronic feline pain.
Degenerative joint disease (DJD) associated-pain is a clinically relevant and common condition affecting domesticated cats and other species including humans. Identification of the neurobiological signature of pain is well developed in rodent pain models, however such information is lacking from animals or humans with naturally occurring painful conditions. In this study, identification of housekeeping genes (HKG) for neuronal tissue and expression levels of genes considered associated with chronic pain in rodent models were explored in cats with naturally occurring osteoarthritic pain. Fourteen adult cats were evaluated — seven without clinical signs of osteoarthritic pain, and seven with hind limb radiographic DJD and pain. Expression of an investigator-selected set of pain signaling genes (including ASIC3, ATF3, COX2, CX3CL1, NAV1.7, NAV1.8, NAV1.9, NGF, NK1R, TNFα, TRKA) in lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn and lumbar dorsal root ganglia tissues from clinically healthy cats and cats with DJD were studied using quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). HKG identified as the most stable across all tissue samples were many of the ribosomal protein genes, such as RPL30 and RPS19. qPCR results showed ATF3 and CX3CL1 up-regulated in DJD-affected dorsal root ganglia compared to clinically healthy controls. In spinal cord, CX3CL1 was up-regulated and NGF was down-regulated when DJD-affected samples were compared to healthy samples. Further work is needed to understand the neurobiology of pain in naturally occurring disease and what rodent models are predictive of these changes in more heterogeneous populations such as domestic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ashwell
- Livestock Genomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - M Freire
- Translational Research in Pain, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - A T O'Nan
- Livestock Genomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - J Benito
- Translational Research in Pain, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - J Hash
- Translational Research in Pain, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - R S McCulloch
- Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - B D X Lascelles
- Translational Research in Pain, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Center for Pain Research and Innovation, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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28
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Lee S, Trivedi U, Johnson C, Farquharson C, Bergkvist GT. Optimised isolation method for RNA extraction suitable for RNA sequencing from feline teeth collected in a clinical setting and at post mortem. Vet Res Commun 2018; 43:17-27. [PMID: 30402716 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Advanced next generation sequencing approaches have started to reveal the cellular and molecular complexity of the microenvironment in many tissues. It is challenging to obtain high quality RNA from mineralised tissues. We developed an optimised method of RNA extraction from feline teeth collected in a clinical setting and at post mortem. Teeth were homogenised in phenol-guanidinium solution at near-freezing temperatures and followed by solid-phase nucleic acid extraction utilising a commercially available kit. This method produced good RNA yields and improved RNA quality based on RNA integrity numbers equivalent (RINe) from an average of 3.6 to 5.6. No correlation was found between RNA purity parameters measured by A260:280 or A230:260 ratios and degree of RNA degradation. This implies that RNA purity indicators cannot be reliably used as parameters of RNA integrity. Two reference genes (GAPDH, RPS19) showed significant changes in expression levels by qPCR at low and moderate RINe values, while RPL17 was stable at all RINe values tested. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of quantity and quality of RNA on the quality of the resultant RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data. Thirteen RNA-seq data showed similar duplication and mapping rates (94 to 95%) against the feline genome regardless of RINe values. However one low yield sample with a high RINe value showed a high duplication rate and it was an outlier on the RNA-seq multidimensional scaling plot. We conclude that the overall yield of RNA was more important than quality of RNA for RNA-seq quality control. These results will guide researchers who wish to perform RNA extractions from mineralised tissues, especially if collecting in a clinical setting with the recognised restraints that this imposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - U Trivedi
- Edinburgh Genomics, The University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - C Johnson
- Centre for Applied Anatomy, University of Bristol, Southwell Street, Bristol, BS2 8EJ, UK
| | - C Farquharson
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - G T Bergkvist
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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29
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Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of angiotensin II (AT-II) and
its main mediator, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), in the
development of feline renal fibrosis. Methods Expression of marker genes indicating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
(EMT), profibrotic mediators and matricellular proteins was measured in
feline kidney epithelial cells (Crandell Rees feline kidney [CRFK] cells)
after incubation with AT-II and/or TGF-β1. Results Cells incubated with TGF-β1 or the combination of TGF-β1 with AT-II showed
clear EMT with more stretched fibroblastic cells, whereas the cells
incubated without TGF-β1 and AT-II (control) showed more epithelial cells.
Gene expression of collagen type I (COL1), tenascin-C
(TNC), trombospondin-1 (TSP-1),
connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and alpha-smooth
muscle actin (α-SMA) increased significantly after
incubation of the CRFK cells with TGF-β1 or TGF-β1 in combination with AT-II
for 12 h. As incubation of the CRFK cells with only AT-II did not show any
significant rise in gene expression of the above-mentioned genes, this was
further investigated. In contrast to healthy feline kidney tissue, CRFK
cells showed almost no expression of the AT-II type 1 (AT1)
receptor. Conclusions and relevance TGF-β1 significantly induced expression of the EMT marker gene α-SMA,
profibrotic mediator CTGF, and fibrogenic proteins
COL1, TNC and TSP-1
in CRFK cells. The effect of TGF-β1 on myofibroblast formation was also
observed by the stretched appearance of the CRFK cells. As CRFK cells
expressed almost no AT1 receptors, this cell line proved not
suitable for testing the efficacy of drugs that interact with the
AT1 receptor. As AT-II stimulates the effects of TGF-β1 in
mammals, the results of this study suggest an indirect profibrotic effect of
AT-II besides the demonstrated profibrotic effect of TGF-β1 and thus the
development of feline renal fibrosis. Modulation of EMT or proliferation of
myofibroblasts could serve as a diagnostic tool and a novel therapeutic
target to inhibit renal fibrogenesis, and could possibly serve in the
therapy of feline renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrina D van Beusekom
- Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy
and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Cyrina D van Beusekom DVM, PhD, DipECVPT,
Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk
Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University,
Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Aghazadeh M, Shi M, Pesavento PA, Durham AC, Polley T, Donahoe SL, Troyer RM, Barrs VR, Holmes EC, Beatty JA. Transcriptome Analysis and In Situ Hybridization for FcaGHV1 in Feline Lymphoma. Viruses 2018; 10:E464. [PMID: 30200210 PMCID: PMC6165513 DOI: 10.3390/v10090464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is one of the most common malignancies in domestic cats. The lymphomagenic potential of Felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 (FcaGHV1), a common infection in domestic cats, is unknown. In other species, including humans, cellular transformation by gammaherpesviruses is typically mediated by viral genes expressed during latency. We analysed tumour RNA, from diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) appearing in cats coinfected with FcaGHV1 and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) (n = 10), by high throughput transcriptome sequencing and reverse transcription PCR. A limited repertoire of FcaGHV transcripts was identified in five tumors, including homologs of oncogenic latency-associated transcripts, latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA, ORF73) and vFLIP (F7), lytic genes (ORF50, ORF6, ORF59, F10), and an ORF unique to FcaGHV1, F20. In situ hybridization of FIV-associated DLBCLs (n = 9), post-transplant lymphomas (n = 6) and high-grade B and T-cell intestinal lymphomas (n = 8) identified a single case in which FcaGHV1 nucleic acid was detectable. These results demonstrate that FcaGHV1 transcripts can be detected in some FIV-associated lymphomas, but at low copy number, precluding assessment of a potential role for FcaGHV1 in lymphomagenesis. Future investigation of the FcaGHV1 transcriptome in clinical samples might employ viral enrichment and greater sequencing depth to enhance the retrieval of viral reads. Our results suggest prioritization of a subset of intestinal T-cell tumors, large granular lymphocyte lymphoma, for study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdis Aghazadeh
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Mang Shi
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Patricia A Pesavento
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Amy C Durham
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Tamsen Polley
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Shannon L Donahoe
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Ryan M Troyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Edward C Holmes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Julia A Beatty
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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31
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Lawson JS, Syme HM, Wheeler-Jones CPD, Elliott J. Characterisation of feline renal cortical fibroblast cultures and their transcriptional response to transforming growth factor β1. BMC Vet Res 2018. [PMID: 29523136 PMCID: PMC5845201 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in geriatric cats, and the most prevalent pathology is chronic tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The cell type predominantly responsible for the production of extra-cellular matrix in renal fibrosis is the myofibroblast, and fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation is probably a crucial event. The cytokine TGF-β1 is reportedly the most important regulator of myofibroblastic differentiation in other species. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterise renal fibroblasts from cadaverous kidney tissue of cats with and without CKD, and to investigate the transcriptional response to TGF-β1. Results Cortical fibroblast cultures were successfully established from the kidney tissue of cats with normal kidney function (FCF) and cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD-FCF). Both cell types expressed the mesenchymal markers vimentin, CD44 and CD29, and were negative for the epithelial marker cytokeratin, mesangial cell marker desmin and endothelial cell marker vWF. Only CKD-FCF expressed VCAM-1, a cell marker associated with inflammation. Incubation with TGF-β1 (0–10 ng/ml) induced a concentration dependent change in cell morphology, and upregulation of myofibroblast marker gene α-SMA expression alongside collagen 1α1, fibronectin, TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA. These changes were blocked by the TGF-β1 receptor 1 antagonist SB431542 (5 μM). Conclusions FCF and CKD-FCF can be cultured via a simple method and represent a model for the investigation of the progression of fibrosis in feline CKD. The findings of this study suggest TGF-β1 may be involved in fibroblast-myofibroblast transition in feline CKD, as in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lawson
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - H M Syme
- Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - C P D Wheeler-Jones
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - J Elliott
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
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32
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Selvarajah GT, Bonestroo FAS, Timmermans Sprang EPM, Kirpensteijn J, Mol JA. Reference gene validation for gene expression normalization in canine osteosarcoma: a geNorm algorithm approach. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:354. [PMID: 29178874 PMCID: PMC5702123 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a common method for quantifying mRNA expression. Given the heterogeneity present in tumor tissues, it is crucial to normalize target mRNA expression data using appropriate reference genes that are stably expressed under a variety of pathological and experimental conditions. No studies have validated specific reference genes in canine osteosarcoma (OS). Previous gene expression studies involving canine OS have used one or two reference genes to normalize gene expression. This study aimed to validate a panel of reference genes commonly used for normalization of canine OS gene expression data using the geNorm algorithm. qPCR analysis of nine canine reference genes was performed on 40 snap-frozen primary OS tumors and seven cell lines. RESULTS Tumors with a variety of clinical and pathological characteristics were selected. Gene expression stability and the optimal number of reference genes for gene expression normalization were calculated. RPS5 and HNRNPH were highly stable among OS cell lines, while RPS5 and RPS19 were the best combination for primary tumors. Pairwise variation analysis recommended four and two reference genes for optimal normalization of the expression data of canine OS tumors and cell lines, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Appropriate combinations of reference genes are recommended to normalize mRNA levels in canine OS tumors and cell lines to facilitate standardized and reliable quantification of target gene expression, which is essential for investigating key genes involved in canine OS metastasis and for comparative biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Thevi Selvarajah
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Yalelaan 104, 3584, CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Floor A S Bonestroo
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Yalelaan 104, 3584, CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elpetra P M Timmermans Sprang
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Yalelaan 104, 3584, CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolle Kirpensteijn
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Yalelaan 104, 3584, CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Mol
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Yalelaan 104, 3584, CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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33
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Sakai K, Maeda S, Yonezawa T, Matsuki N. Decreased plasma amino acid concentrations in cats with chronic gastrointestinal diseases and their possible contribution in the inflammatory response. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 195:1-6. [PMID: 29249312 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In humans, plasma amino acids (AAs) levels are used as dynamic nutritional markers. Moreover, some AAs are associated with chronic inflammation. In this study, we analyzed plasma AA profiles in cats with chronic gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Eight healthy controls (HCs) and 12 client-owned cats with chronic GI diseases including chronic enteritis (n=8) and neoplasms (n=4) were recruited. Plasma albumin, total protein, and 22 AAs (11 essential and 11 non-essential AAs) levels were estimated. There was no significant difference in plasma albumin and total protein concentrations between the cats with chronic GI diseases and HCs. The plasma concentrations of 7 essential AAs (arginine, histidine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, taurine, and tryptophan) and 7 non-essential AAs (asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, hydroxyproline, proline, and serine) were significantly decreased in the cats with chronic GI diseases (P<0.05). Moreover, plasma histidine and tryptophan levels were inversely correlated with severity of symptoms (histidine: rs=-0.7781, P<0.005; tryptophan: rs=-0.6040, P<0.05). To examine the contribution of altered AAs levels in the inflammatory response, feline macrophages were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with or without histidine, and the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA was quantified. The expression of IL-8 mRNA was significantly increased in the LPS-stimulated feline macrophages (P<0.05). Histidine almost suppressed the LPS-induced IL-8 expression in the feline macrophages (P<0.05). Our findings suggest that plasma AAs levels are more sensitive nutritional markers than albumin and total protein levels in cats with chronic GI diseases. There is a possibility that the decrease of histidine levels in cats with GI diseases is associated with chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Sakai
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoaki Matsuki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Altamura G, Jebara G, Cardeti G, Borzacchiello G. Felis catus papillomavirus type-2 but not type-1 is detectable and transcriptionally active in the blood of healthy cats. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:497-503. [PMID: 29086505 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are small DNA viruses that induce benign and/or malignant epithelial tumours in different species, including the domestic cat (Felis catus). To date, five F. catus papillomavirus genotypes have been identified (FcaPV-1 to FcaPV-5). FcaPV-1 is associated with skin and oral benign lesions, while FcaPV-2 infection is widely associated with feline squamous cell carcinomas. Several human and animal PVs have been found in body fluids such as peripheral blood; however, the presence of FcaPVs in non-epithelial tissues has not previously been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the presence and gene expression of FcaPV-1 and FcaPV-2 in the blood of healthy cats. We detected FcaPV-2 DNA in 26 of 103 (25%) blood samples. Importantly, FcaPV-2 L1, E2, E6 and E7 genes were found to be expressed in 3 (25%), 11 (92%), 6 (50%) and 5 (42%) of the samples available for mRNA analysis, respectively. FcaPV-1 was not detected in any of the blood samples analysed here. The data obtained in this work suggest active and eventually productive infection of FcaPV-2 in the blood of healthy cats, implying a possible role in intra-individual spreading as well as in vertical and horizontal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Altamura
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Jebara
- Unit of Immunology, Environmental Microbiology and Carcinogenesis (IMEC), Science Faculty of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - G Cardeti
- Electron Microscopy and Special Virology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M.Aleandri", Rome, Italy
| | - G Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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35
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Thuwanut P, Comizzoli P, Wildt DE, Keefer CL, Songsasen N. Stem cell factor promotes in vitro ovarian follicle development in the domestic cat by upregulating c-kit mRNA expression and stimulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:1356-1368. [DOI: 10.1071/rd16071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we examined the effects of stem cell factor (SCF; 50 vs 100 ng mL–1) alone or in combination with epidermal growth factor (EGF; 100 ng mL–1) on: (1) the in vitro viability and growth of cat follicles within ovarian cortices; (2) phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation; and (3) c-kit and FSH receptor (FSHr) mRNA expression. At 100 ng mL–1, SCF increased (P ≤ 0.05) the percentage and size of secondary follicles after 14 days of in vitro culture and sustained AKT phosphorylation after 3 days incubation. EGF suppressed this beneficial effect and reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the percentage of structurally normal follicles and FSHr expression when combined with 100 ng mL–1 SCF. Expression of c-kit mRNA was higher (P ≤ 0.05) in the presence of 100 ng mL–1 SCF compared with fresh follicles and cohorts cultured under other conditions. A c-kit inhibitor suppressed follicle growth and reduced AKT phosphorylation. Collectively, the results demonstrate that SCF promotes cat follicle development by upregulating c-kit mRNA expression and AKT phosphorylation. EGF suppresses the stimulating effect of SCF, leading to downregulation of FSHr expression.
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36
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Azarpeykan S, Dittmer KE. Evaluation of housekeeping genes for quantitative gene expression analysis in the equine kidney. J Equine Sci 2016; 27:165-168. [PMID: 27974876 PMCID: PMC5155135 DOI: 10.1294/jes.27.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Housekeeping genes (HKGs) are used as internal controls for normalising and calculating the relative expression of target genes in RT-qPCR experiments. There
is no unique universal HKG and HKGs vary among organisms and tissues, so this study aimed to determine the most stably expressed HKGs in the equine kidney. The
evaluated HKGs included 18S ribosomal RNA (18S), 28S ribosomal RNA (28S), ribosomal protein L32 (RPL32), β-2-microglobulin (B2M), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase (GAPDH), succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDHA), zeta polypeptide (YWHAZ), and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1). The HKGs
expression stability data were analysed with two software packages, geNorm and NormFinder. The lowest stability values for geNorm suggests that YWHAZ and HPRT1
would be most optimal (M=0.31 and 0.32, respectively). Further, these two genes had the best pairwise stability value using NormFinder (geNorm V=0.085).
Therefore, these two genes were considered the most useful for RT-qPCR studies in equine kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Azarpeykan
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Keren E Dittmer
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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37
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Harman RM, Curtis TM, Argyle DJ, Coonrod SA, Van de Walle GR. A Comparative Study on the In Vitro Effects of the DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC) in Breast/Mammary Cancer of Different Mammalian Species. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2016; 21:51-66. [PMID: 27002722 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-016-9350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine models are indispensible for the study of human breast cancer, but they have limitations: tumors arising spontaneously in humans must be induced in mice, and long-term follow up is limited by the short life span of rodents. In contrast, dogs and cats develop mammary tumors spontaneously and are relatively long-lived. This study examines the effects of the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC) on normal and tumoral mammary cell lines derived from dogs, cats and humans, as proof of concept that small companion animals are useful models of human breast cancer. Our findings show that treatment with 5-AzaC reduces in vitro tumorigenicity in all three species based on growth and invasion assays, mitochondrial activity and susceptibility to apoptosis. Interestingly, we found that the effects of 5-AzaC on gene expression varied not only between the different species but also between different tumoral cell lines within the same species, and confirmed the correlation between loss of methylation in a specific gene promotor region and increased expression of the associated gene using bisulfite sequencing. In addition, treatment with a high dose of 5-AzaC was toxic to tumoral, but not healthy, mammary cell lines from all species, indicating this drug has therapeutic potential. Importantly, we confirmed these results in primary malignant cells isolated from canine and feline adenocarcinomas. The similarities observed between the three species suggest dogs and cats can be useful models for the study of human breast cancer and the pre-clinical evaluation of novel therapeutics.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/adverse effects
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Azacitidine/adverse effects
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cats
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- DNA Modification Methylases/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA Modification Methylases/metabolism
- Dogs
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Enzyme Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Proof of Concept Study
- Species Specificity
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Theresa M Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Cortland, Cortland, NY, USA
| | - David J Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
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38
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Hu Q, Guo W, Gao Y, Tang R, Li D. Reference gene selection for real-time RT-PCR normalization in rice field eel (Monopterus albus) during gonad development. Fish Physiol Biochem 2014; 40:1721-1730. [PMID: 25079246 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Real-time reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) requires data normalization using an appropriate reference gene in order to obtain more reliable results with biological significance. We cloned a partial sequence of elongation factor-1-α (EF1α) and ribosomal protein L17 (RPL17) from Monopterus albus. We investigated the suitability of five commonly used reference genes [18S ribosomal RNA (18S), cytoskeletal protein (β-actin), glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), EF1α and RPL17] as potential quantitative reference genes for normalizing real-time RT-PCR data generated in gonads of different developmental stages and in other tissues of M. albus. Analysis of the data indicated that 18S, β-actin and GAPDH are not suitable as reference genes because of their levels of variations of expression. EF1α and RPL17 might be suitable as reference genes in the gonads of different developmental stages as well as in other tissues of M. albus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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39
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Jursza E, Skarzynski DJ, Siemieniuch MJ. Validation of reference genes in the feline endometrium. Reprod Biol 2014; 14:302-6. [PMID: 25454498 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to find the most stable reference genes from: ACTB, GAPDH, RPL30, CYC, RPL17, RPS7 and YWHAZ in the feline endometrium. Three free software packages, geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper were used. In geNorm analysis, the most stable gene was RPS7 (at a primer concentration 1000 nM) or YWHAZ (500 and 250 nM). According to NormFinder and BestKeeper, ACTB (at all examined primer concentrations) followed by RPS7 and CYC were the most stable genes. Based on geNorm results at least two genes from among RPS7, RPL30, ACTB or YWHAZ should be chosen for Real Time-PCR result normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Jursza
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Dariusz J Skarzynski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marta J Siemieniuch
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
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40
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Flies AS, Maksimoski MT, Mansfield LS, Weldele ML, Holekamp KE. Characterization of Toll-like receptors 1-10 in spotted hyenas. Vet Res Commun 2014; 38:165-70. [PMID: 24488231 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-014-9592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) regularly survive exposure to deadly pathogens such as rabies, canine distemper virus, and anthrax, suggesting that they have robust immune defenses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize conserved molecular patterns and initiate a wide range of innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR genes are evolutionarily conserved, and assessing TLR expression in various tissues can provide insight into overall immunological organization and function. Studies of the hyena immune system have been minimal thus far due to the logistical and ethical challenges of sampling and preserving the immunological tissues of this and other long-lived, wild species. Tissue samples were opportunistically collected from captive hyenas humanely euthanized for a separate study. We developed primers to amplify partial sequences for TLRs 1-10, sequenced the amplicons, compared sequence identity to those in other mammals, and quantified TLR expression in lymph nodes, spleens, lungs, and pancreases. Results show that hyena TLR DNA and protein sequences are similar to TLRs in other mammals, and that TLRs 1-10 were expressed in all tissues tested. This information will be useful in the development of new assays to understand the interactions among the hyena immune system, pathogens, and the microbial communities that inhabit hyenas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Flies
- Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1317, USA,
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Harun MSR, Kuan CO, Selvarajah GT, Wei TS, Arshad SS, Hair Bejo M, Omar AR. Transcriptional profiling of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in CRFK cells and in PBMCs from FIP diagnosed cats. Virol J 2013; 10:329. [PMID: 24209771 PMCID: PMC3829811 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a lethal systemic disease, caused by the FIP Virus (FIPV); a virulent mutant of Feline Enteric Coronavirus (FECV). Currently, the viruses virulence determinants and host gene expressions during FIPV infection are not fully understood. METHODS RNA sequencing of Crandell Rees Feline Kidney (CRFK) cells, infected with FIPV strain 79-1146 at 3 hours post infection (h.p.i), were sequenced using the Illumina next generation sequencing approach. Bioinformatic's analysis, based on Felis catus 2X annotated shotgun reference genome, using CLC bio Genome Workbench mapped both control and infected cell reads to 18899 genes out of 19046 annotated genes. Kal's Z test statistical analysis was used to analyse the differentially expressed genes from the infected CRFK cells. Real time RT-qPCR was developed for further transcriptional profiling of three genes (PD-1, PD-L1 and A3H) in infected CRFK cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from healthy and FIP-diseased cats. RESULTS Based on Kal's Z-test, with False Discovery Rate (FDR) <0.05 and >1.99 fold change on gene expressions, a total of 61 genes were differentially expressed by both samples, where 44 genes were up-regulated and the remainder were down-regulated. Most genes were closely clustered together, suggesting a homogeneous expression. The majority of the genes that were significantly regulated, were those associated with monocytes-macrophage and Th1 cell functions, and the regulation of apoptosis. Real time RT-qPCR developed focusing on 2 up-regulated genes (PD-L1 and A3H) together with an apoptosis associated gene PD-1 expressions in FIPV infected CRFK cells and in PBMCs from healthy and FIP diagnosed cats produced concordant results with transcriptome data. CONCLUSION The possible roles of these genes, and their importance in feline coronaviruses infection, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Shimamoto Y, Kitamura H, Niimi K, Yoshikawa Y, Hoshi F, Ishizuka M, Takahashi E. Selection of suitable reference genes for mRNA quantification studies using common marmoset tissues. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6747-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Weiss ATA, von Deetzen MC, Hecht W, Reinacher M, Gruber AD. Molecular characterization of the feline T-cell receptor γ alternate reading frame protein (TARP) ortholog. J Vet Sci 2013; 13:345-53. [PMID: 23271175 PMCID: PMC3539119 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2012.13.4.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell receptor γ alternate reading frame protein (TARP) is expressed by human prostate epithelial, prostate cancer, and mammary cancer cells, but is not found in normal mammary tissue. To date, this protein has only been described in humans. Additionally, no animal model has been established to investigate the potential merits of TARP as tumor marker or a target for adoptive tumor immunotherapy. In this study conducted to characterize feline T-cell receptor γ sequences, constructs very similar to human TARP transcripts were obtained by RACE from the spleen and prostate gland of cats. Transcription of TARP in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic feline mammary tissues was evaluated by conventional RT-PCR. In felines similarly to the situation reported in humans, a C-region encoding two open reading frames is spliced to a J-region gene. In contrast to humans, the feline J-region gene was found to be a pseudogene containing a deletion within its recombination signal sequence. Our findings demonstrated that the feline TARP ortholog is transcribed in the prostate gland and mammary tumors but not normal mammary tissues as is the case with human TARP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Th A Weiss
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Vansandt LM, Pukazhenthi BS, Keefer CL. Molecular Markers of Spermatogonial Stem Cells in the Domestic Cat. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 6:256-60. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- LM Vansandt
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences; University of Maryland; College Park; MD; USA
| | - BS Pukazhenthi
- Center for Species Survival; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Front Royal; VA; USA
| | - CL Keefer
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences; University of Maryland; College Park; MD; USA
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Gow DJ, Garceau V, Pridans C, Gow AG, Simpson KE, Gunn-Moore D, Hume DA. Cloning and expression of feline colony stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R) and analysis of the species specificity of stimulation by colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34). Cytokine 2012; 61:630-8. [PMID: 23260168 PMCID: PMC3573236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) and its receptor, CSF-1R, have been previously well studied in humans and rodents to dissect the role they play in development of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. A second ligand for the CSF-1R, IL-34 has been described in several species. In this study, we have cloned and expressed the feline CSF-1R and examined the responsiveness to CSF-1 and IL-34 from a range of species. The results indicate that pig and human CSF-1 and human IL-34 are equally effective in cats, where both mouse CSF-1 and IL-34 are significantly less active. Recombinant human CSF-1 can be used to generate populations of feline bone marrow and monocyte derived macrophages that can be used to further dissect macrophage-specific gene expression in this species, and to compare it to data derived from mouse, human and pig. These results set the scene for therapeutic use of CSF-1 and IL-34 in cats.
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Pignatti E, Casarini L, Scaltriti S, Wistuba J, Schlatt S, Rossi A, Lachhab A, Taliani E, Carani C, Simoni M. Aromatase expression in human peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) and in various tissues in primates: studies in elderly humans and cynomolgus monkeys. J Med Primatol 2012; 41:372-83. [PMID: 22978812 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous analysis of aromatase gene and protein expression in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs), studied in children and adults, was extended to elderly subjects. In addition, we assessed whether aromatase expression in PBLs could be used as a parameter of aromatase expression in other tissues, using the cynomolgus monkey as model. METHODS Real-time PCR analysis of aromatase gene expression and protein evaluation by Western blot was performed in PBLs of human elderly subjects and in various tissues from cynomolgus monkeys. RESULTS No gender-related difference in CYP19A1 mRNA and protein expression in PBLs from human elderly women and men was found. In elderly male cynomolgus monkeys, CYP19A1 mRNA and protein were expressed in all cells and tissues analysed, with the lowest levels in PBLs but no clear-cut correlation with other tissues. CONCLUSIONS Aromatase expression in PBLs in elderly human subjects is not gender-related and cannot be a surrogate of aromatase expression for other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pignatti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Hobbs RJ, Howard J, Wildt DE, Comizzoli P. Absence of seasonal changes in FSHR gene expression in the cat cumulus-oocyte complex in vivo and in vitro. Reproduction 2012; 144:111-22. [PMID: 22596062 DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Domestic cat oocytes are seasonally sensitive to FSH. Compared with those collected during the breeding season, oocytes from the nonbreeding (NB) season require more FSH during in vitro maturation to achieve comparable developmental competence. This study tested the hypothesis that this seasonal variation was due to altered expression of FSH receptors (FSHR) and/or FSH-induced genes. Relative expression levels of FSHR mRNA and FSH-enhanced gene estrogen receptor β (ESR2) were measured by qPCR in whole ovaries and immature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) isolated from cat ovaries during the natural breeding vs NB seasons. Expression levels of FSH-induced genes prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), early growth response protein-1 (EGR1), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were examined in mature COCs from both seasons that were a) recovered in vivo or b) matured in vitro with conventional (1 μg/ml) or high (10 μg/ml) FSH concentrations. Overall, FSHR mRNA levels were lower in whole ovaries during the NB compared with breeding season but were similar in immature COCs, whereas ESR2 levels did not differ in either group between intervals. We observed changes in PTGS2, EGR1, and EGFR mRNA expression patterns across maturation in COCs within but not between the two seasons. The lack of seasonal differentiation in FSH-related genes was not consistent with the decreased developmental capacity of oocytes fertilized during the NB season. These findings reveal that the seasonal decrease in cat oocyte sensitivity to FSH occurs both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, this decline is unrelated to changes in expression of FSHR mRNA or mRNA of FSH-induced genes in COCs from antral follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Hobbs
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Species Survival, National Zoological Park, PO Box 37012, MRC 5502, Washington, District of Columbia 20013, USA.
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Filliers M, Goossens K, Van Soom A, Merlo B, Pope CE, de Rooster H, Smits K, Vandaele L, Peelman LJ. Gene expression profiling of pluripotency and differentiation-related markers in cat oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:691-703. [DOI: 10.1071/rd11068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During mammalian preimplantation development, two successive differentiation events lead to the establishment of three committed lineages with separate fates: the trophectoderm, the primitive endoderm and the pluripotent epiblast. In the mouse embryo, the molecular mechanisms underlying these two cell fate decisions have been studied extensively, leading to the identification of lineage-specific transcription factors. Species-specific differences in expression patterns of key regulatory genes have been reported, raising questions regarding their role in different species. The aim of the present study was to characterise the gene expression patterns of pluripotency (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG) and differentiation (CDX2, GATA6)-related markers during feline early development using reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, we assessed the impact of in vitro development on gene expression by comparing transcript levels of the genes investigated between in vitro and in vivo blastocysts. To normalise quantitative data within different preimplantation embryo stages, we first validated a set of stable reference genes. Transcript levels of all genes investigated were present and changed over the course of preimplantation development; a highly significant embryo-stage effect on gene expression was observed. Transcript levels of OCT4 were significantly reduced in in vitro blastocysts compared with their in vivo counterparts. None of the other genes investigated showed altered expression under in vitro conditions. The different gene expression patterns of OCT4, SOX2, CDX2 and GATA6 in cat embryos resembled those described in mouse embryos, indicative of a preserved role for these genes during early segregation. However, because of the absence of any upregulation of NANOG transcription levels after embryonic genome activation, it is unlikely that NANOG is a key regular of lineage segregation. Such results support the hypothesis that the behaviour of early lineage markers can be species specific. The present study also revealed a pool of maternal NANOG mRNA transcripts, the role of which remains to be elucidated. Comparing transcription levels of these genes between in vivo and in vitro blastocysts revealed low levels of OCT4 mRNA in the latter, which may contribute to the reduced developmental competence of embryos under suboptimal conditions.
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Uddin MJ, Cinar MU, Tesfaye D, Looft C, Tholen E, Schellander K. Age-related changes in relative expression stability of commonly used housekeeping genes in selected porcine tissues. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:441. [PMID: 22023805 PMCID: PMC3219825 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gene expression analysis using real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) is increasingly important in biological research due to the high-throughput and accuracy of qRT-PCR. For accurate and reliable gene expression analysis, normalization of gene expression data against housekeeping genes or internal control genes is required. The stability of reference genes has a tremendous effect on the results of relative quantification of gene expression by qRT-PCR. The expression stability of reference genes could vary according to tissues, age of individuals and experimental conditions. In the pig however, very little information is available on the expression stability of reference genes. The aim of this research was therefore to develop a new set of reference genes which can be used for normalization of mRNA expression data of genes expressed in varieties of porcine tissues at different ages. Results The mRNA expression stability of nine commonly used reference genes (B2M, BLM, GAPDH, HPRT1, PPIA, RPL4, SDHA, TBP and YWHAZ) was determined in varieties of tissues collected from newborn, young and adult pigs. geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper software were used to rank the genes according to their stability. geNorm software revealed that RPL4, PPIA and YWHAZ showed high stability in newborn and adult pigs, while B2M, YWHAZ and SDHA showed high stability in young pigs. In all cases, GAPDH showed the least stability in geNorm. NormFinder revealed that TBP was the most stable gene in newborn and young pigs, while PPIA was most stable in adult pigs. Moreover, geNorm software suggested that the geometric mean of three most stable gene would be the suitable combination for accurate normalization of gene expression study. Conclusions Although, there was discrepancy in the ranking order of reference genes obtained by different analysing software methods, the geometric mean of the RPL4, PPIA and YWHAZ seems to be the most appropriate combination of housekeeping genes for accurate normalization of gene expression data in different porcine tissues at different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jasim Uddin
- Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Genetics group, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Wensman JJ, Ilbäck C, Hjertström E, Blomström AL, Gustavsson MH, Jäderlund KH, Ström-Holst B, Belák S, Berg AL, Berg M. Expression of interferon gamma in the brain of cats with natural Borna disease virus infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 141:162-7. [PMID: 21419498 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic, negative-stranded RNA virus, which causes a non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis in a wide range of animals. In cats, BDV infection leads to staggering disease. In spite of a vigorous immune response the virus persists in the central nervous system (CNS) in both experimentally and naturally infected animals. Since the CNS is vulnerable to cytotoxic effects mediated via NK-cells and cytotoxic T-cells, other non-cytolytic mechanisms such as the interferon (IFN) system is favourable for viral clearance. In this study, IFN-γ expression in the brain of cats with clinical signs of staggering disease (N=12) was compared to the expression in cats with no signs of this disease (N=7) by quantitative RT-PCR. The IFN-γ expression was normalised against the expression of three reference genes (HPRT, RPS7, YWHAZ). Cats with staggering disease had significantly higher expression of IFN-γ compared to the control cats (p-value ≤ 0.001). There was no significant difference of the IFN-γ expression in BDV-positive (N=7) and -negative (N=5) cats having clinical signs of staggering disease. However, as BDV-RNA still could be detected, despite an intense IFN-γ expression, BDV needs to have mechanisms to evade this antiviral immune response of the host, to be able to persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Johansson Wensman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7028, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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