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Huang TC, Ke SW, Wu YH, Wang ER, Wei WL, Lee CY, Chen BY, Yin GC, Chang HW, Tang MT, Lin BH. Combination of XEOL, TR-XEOL and HB-T interferometer at the TPS 23A X-ray nanoprobe for exploring quantum materials. J Synchrotron Radiat 2024; 31:252-259. [PMID: 38241123 PMCID: PMC10914160 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523010469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a combination of X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL), time-resolved XEOL (TR-XEOL) and the Hanbury-Brown and Twiss (HB-T) interferometer at the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) 23A X-ray nanoprobe beamline for exploring quantum materials is demonstrated. On the basis of the excellent spatial resolution rendered using a nano-focused beam, emission distributions of artificial micro-diamonds can be obtained by XEOL maps, and featured emission peaks of a selected local area can be obtained by XEOL spectra. The hybrid bunch mode of the TPS not only provides a sufficiently high peak power density for experiments at each beamline but also permits high-quality temporal domain (∼200 ns) measurements for investigating luminescence dynamics. From TR-XEOL measurements, the decay lifetime of micro-diamonds is determined to be approximately 16 ns. Furthermore, the XEOL spectra of artificial micro-diamonds can be investigated by the HB-T interferometer to identify properties of single-photon sources. The unprecedented strategy of combining XEOL, TR-XEOL and the HB-T interferometer at the X-ray nanoprobe beamline will open new avenues with significant characterization abilities for unraveling the emission mechanisms of single-photon sources for quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chi Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360302, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Wei Ke
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - En-Rui Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lon Wei
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yi Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Gung-Chian Yin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360302, Taiwan
| | - Mau-Tsu Tang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Hsuan Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
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2
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Li J, Chen S, Ratner D, Blu T, Pianetta P, Liu Y. Nanoscale chemical imaging with structured X-ray illumination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2314542120. [PMID: 38015849 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314542120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution imaging with compositional and chemical sensitivity is crucial for a wide range of scientific and engineering disciplines. Although synchrotron X-ray imaging through spectromicroscopy has been tremendously successful and broadly applied, it encounters challenges in achieving enhanced detection sensitivity, satisfactory spatial resolution, and high experimental throughput simultaneously. In this work, based on structured illumination, we develop a single-pixel X-ray imaging approach coupled with a generative image reconstruction model for mapping the compositional heterogeneity with nanoscale resolvability. This method integrates a full-field transmission X-ray microscope with an X-ray fluorescence detector and eliminates the need for nanoscale X-ray focusing and raster scanning. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by imaging a battery sample composed of mixed cathode materials and successfully retrieving the compositional variations of the imaged cathode particles. Bridging the gap between structural and chemical characterizations using X-rays, this technique opens up vast opportunities in the fields of biology, environmental, and materials science, especially for radiation-sensitive samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhou Li
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Si Chen
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439
| | - Daniel Ratner
- Machine Learning Initiative, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Thierry Blu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Piero Pianetta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Yijin Liu
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705
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3
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Guzelturk B, Yang T, Liu YC, Wei CC, Orenstein G, Trigo M, Zhou T, Diroll BT, Holt MV, Wen H, Chen LQ, Yang JC, Lindenberg AM. Sub-Nanosecond Reconfiguration of Ferroelectric Domains in Bismuth Ferrite. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2306029. [PMID: 37611614 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Domain switching is crucial for achieving desired functions in ferroic materials that are used in various applications. Fast control of domains at sub-nanosecond timescales remains a challenge despite its potential for high-speed operation in random-access memories, photonic, and nanoelectronic devices. Here, ultrafast laser excitation is shown to transiently melt and reconfigure ferroelectric stripe domains in multiferroic bismuth ferrite on a timescale faster than 100 picoseconds. This dynamic behavior is visualized by picosecond- and nanometer-resolved X-ray diffraction and time-resolved X-ray diffuse scattering. The disordering of stripe domains is attributed to the screening of depolarization fields by photogenerated carriers resulting in the formation of charged domain walls, as supported by phase-field simulations. Furthermore, the recovery of disordered domains exhibits subdiffusive growth on nanosecond timescales, with a non-equilibrium domain velocity reaching up to 10 m s-1 . These findings present a new approach to image and manipulate ferroelectric domains on sub-nanosecond timescales, which can be further extended into other complex photoferroic systems to modulate their electronic, optical, and magnetic properties beyond gigahertz frequencies. This approach could pave the way for high-speed ferroelectric data storage and computing, and, more broadly, defines new approaches for visualizing the non-equilibrium dynamics of heterogeneous and disordered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Guzelturk
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Tiannan Yang
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu-Chen Liu
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research & Technology (QFort), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Wei
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research & Technology (QFort), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Gal Orenstein
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Mariano Trigo
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- Nanoscience Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Benjamin T Diroll
- Nanoscience Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Martin V Holt
- Nanoscience Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Haidan Wen
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Jan-Chi Yang
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research & Technology (QFort), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Photon Science, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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Kandel S, Zhou T, Babu AV, Di Z, Li X, Ma X, Holt M, Miceli A, Phatak C, Cherukara MJ. Demonstration of an AI-driven workflow for autonomous high-resolution scanning microscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5501. [PMID: 37679317 PMCID: PMC10485018 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern scanning microscopes can image materials with up to sub-atomic spatial and sub-picosecond time resolutions, but these capabilities come with large volumes of data, which can be difficult to store and analyze. We report the Fast Autonomous Scanning Toolkit (FAST) that addresses this challenge by combining a neural network, route optimization, and efficient hardware controls to enable a self-driving experiment that actively identifies and measures a sparse but representative data subset in lieu of the full dataset. FAST requires no prior information about the sample, is computationally efficient, and uses generic hardware controls with minimal experiment-specific wrapping. We test FAST in simulations and a dark-field X-ray microscopy experiment of a WSe2 film. Our studies show that a FAST scan of <25% is sufficient to accurately image and analyze the sample. FAST is easy to adapt for any scanning microscope; its broad adoption will empower general multi-level studies of materials evolution with respect to time, temperature, or other parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saugat Kandel
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
| | - Tao Zhou
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | | | - Zichao Di
- Mathematics and Computer Science, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Xinxin Li
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Martin Holt
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Antonino Miceli
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Charudatta Phatak
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Mathew J Cherukara
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
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5
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Schmollinger S, Chen S, Merchant SS. Quantitative elemental imaging in eukaryotic algae. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad025. [PMID: 37186252 PMCID: PMC10209819 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
All organisms, fundamentally, are made from the same raw material, namely the elements of the periodic table. Biochemical diversity is achieved by how these elements are utilized, for what purpose, and in which physical location. Determining elemental distributions, especially those of trace elements that facilitate metabolism as cofactors in the active centers of essential enzymes, can determine the state of metabolism, the nutritional status, or the developmental stage of an organism. Photosynthetic eukaryotes, especially algae, are excellent subjects for quantitative analysis of elemental distribution. These microbes utilize unique metabolic pathways that require various trace nutrients at their core to enable their operation. Photosynthetic microbes also have important environmental roles as primary producers in habitats with limited nutrient supplies or toxin contaminations. Accordingly, photosynthetic eukaryotes are of great interest for biotechnological exploitation, carbon sequestration, and bioremediation, with many of the applications involving various trace elements and consequently affecting their quota and intracellular distribution. A number of diverse applications were developed for elemental imaging, allowing subcellular resolution, with X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM, XRF) being at the forefront, enabling quantitative descriptions of intact cells in a non-destructive method. This Tutorial Review summarizes the workflow of a quantitative, single-cell elemental distribution analysis of a eukaryotic alga using XFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schmollinger
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Departments of Molecular and Cell Biology and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Si Chen
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Departments of Molecular and Cell Biology and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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6
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Luo Y, Paunesku T, Antipova O, Liu Y, Zaluzec NJ, Di Z, Woloschak G, Chen S. A reliable workflow for improving nanoscale X-ray fluorescence tomographic analysis on nanoparticle-treated HeLa cells. Metallomics 2022; 14:mfac025. [PMID: 35751648 PMCID: PMC9434635 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) tomography provides powerful characterization capabilities in evaluating elemental distribution and differentiating their inter- and intra-cellular interactions in a three-dimensional (3D) space. Scanning XRF tomography encounters practical challenges from the sample itself, where the range of rotation angles is limited by geometric constraints, involving sample substrates or nearby features either blocking or converging into the field of view. This study aims to develop a reliable and efficient workflow that can (1) expand the experimental window for nanoscale tomographic analysis of local areas of interest within a laterally extended specimen, and (2) bridge 3D analysis at micrometer and nanoscales on the same specimen. We demonstrate the workflow using a specimen of HeLa cells exposed to iron oxide core and titanium dioxide shell (Fe3O4/TiO2) nanocomposites. The workflow utilizes iterative and multiscale XRF data collection with intermediate sample processing by focused ion beam (FIB) sample preparation between measurements at different length scales. Initial assessment combined with precise sample manipulation via FIB allows direct removal of sample regions that are obstacles to both incident X-ray beam and outgoing XRF signals, which considerably improves the subsequent nanoscale tomography analysis. This multiscale analysis workflow has advanced bio-nanotechnology studies by providing deep insights into the interaction between nanocomposites and single cells at a subcellular level as well as statistical assessments from measuring a population of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Luo
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Olga Antipova
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yuzi Liu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Nestor J Zaluzec
- Photon Sciences Directorate, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Zichao Di
- Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Gayle Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Si Chen
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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Abstract
Due to their many varieties of excellent optoelectric properties, perovskites have attracted large numbers of researchers in the past few years. For the hybrid perovskites, a long diffusion length, long carrier lifetime, and high μτ product are particularly noticeable. However, some disadvantages, including high toxicity and instability, restrict their further large-scale application. By contrast, all-inorganic perovskites not only have remarkable optoelectric properties but also feature high structure stability due to the lack of organic compositions. Benefiting from these, all-inorganic perovskites have been extensively explored and studied. Compared with the thin film type, all-inorganic perovskite single crystals (PSCs) with fewer grain boundaries and crystalline defects have better optoelectric properties. Nevertheless, it is important to note that only a few reports to date have presented a summary of all-inorganic PSCs. In this review, we firstly make a summary and propose a classification method according to the crystal structure. Then, based on the structure classification, we introduce several representative materials and focus on their corresponding growth methods. Finally, applications for detectors of all-inorganic PSCs are listed and summarized. At the end of the review, based on the current research situation and trends, some perspectives and advice are proposed.
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Thomas O, Labat S, Cornelius T, Richard MI. X-ray Diffraction Imaging of Deformations in Thin Films and Nano-Objects. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12081363. [PMID: 35458070 PMCID: PMC9024510 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The quantification and localization of elastic strains and defects in crystals are necessary to control and predict the functioning of materials. The X-ray imaging of strains has made very impressive progress in recent years. On the one hand, progress in optical elements for focusing X-rays now makes it possible to carry out X-ray diffraction mapping with a resolution in the 50–100 nm range, while lensless imaging techniques reach a typical resolution of 5–10 nm. This continuous evolution is also a consequence of the development of new two-dimensional detectors with hybrid pixels whose dynamics, reading speed and low noise level have revolutionized measurement strategies. In addition, a new accelerator ring concept (HMBA network: hybrid multi-bend achromat lattice) is allowing a very significant increase (a factor of 100) in the brilliance and coherent flux of synchrotron radiation facilities, thanks to the reduction in the horizontal size of the source. This review is intended as a progress report in a rapidly evolving field. The next ten years should allow the emergence of three-dimensional imaging methods of strains that are fast enough to follow, in situ, the evolution of a material under stress or during a transition. Handling massive amounts of data will not be the least of the challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Thomas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP UMR 7334, Campus de St-Jérôme, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Labat
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP UMR 7334, Campus de St-Jérôme, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Cornelius
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP UMR 7334, Campus de St-Jérôme, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP UMR 7334, Campus de St-Jérôme, 13397 Marseille, France
- ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Rue Des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
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Saadaldin A, Slyamov A, Stuckelberger ME, Jørgensen PS, Rein C, Mar Lucas M, Ramos T, Rodriguez-Fernandez A, Bernard D, Andreasen JW. Multi-Modal Characterization of Kesterite Thin-Film Solar Cells: Experimental results and numerical interpretation. Faraday Discuss 2022; 239:160-179. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00044j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a multi-modal study of electrical, chemical, and structural properties of a kesterite thin-film solar cell by combining the spatially-resolved X-ray beam induced current and fluorescence imaging techniques for...
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Chevrier DM, Cerdá-Doñate E, Park Y, Cacho-Nerin F, Gomez‐Gonzalez M, Uebe R, Faivre D. Synchrotron‐Based Nano‐X‐Ray Absorption Near‐Edge Structure Revealing Intracellular Heterogeneity of Iron Species in Magnetotactic Bacteria. Small Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Chevrier
- CNRS CEA BIAM Aix-Marseille Université 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance France
- Department of Biomaterials Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Elisa Cerdá-Doñate
- Department of Biomaterials Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Yeseul Park
- CNRS CEA BIAM Aix-Marseille Université 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance France
| | | | | | - René Uebe
- Department of Microbiology University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Damien Faivre
- CNRS CEA BIAM Aix-Marseille Université 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance France
- Department of Biomaterials Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany
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11
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Johansson U, Carbone D, Kalbfleisch S, Björling A, Kahnt M, Sala S, Stankevic T, Liebi M, Rodriguez Fernandez A, Bring B, Paterson D, Thånell K, Bell P, Erb D, Weninger C, Matej Z, Roslund L, Åhnberg K, Norsk Jensen B, Tarawneh H, Mikkelsen A, Vogt U. NanoMAX: the hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:1935-1947. [PMID: 34738949 PMCID: PMC8570223 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521008213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
NanoMAX is the first hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline at the MAX IV laboratory. It utilizes the unique properties of the world's first operational multi-bend achromat storage ring to provide an intense and coherent focused beam for experiments with several methods. In this paper we present the beamline optics design in detail, show the performance figures, and give an overview of the surrounding infrastructure and the operational diffraction endstation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Johansson
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dina Carbone
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Maik Kahnt
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Simone Sala
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Stankevic
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marianne Liebi
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Björn Bring
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - David Paterson
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Karina Thånell
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul Bell
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - David Erb
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Clemens Weninger
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Zdenek Matej
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Linus Roslund
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Åhnberg
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Hamed Tarawneh
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Mikkelsen
- Lund University, Synchrotron Radiation Research, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Vogt
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Albanova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Quinn PD, Gomez-Gonzalez M, Cacho-Nerin F, Parker JE. Beam and sample movement compensation for robust spectro-microscopy measurements on a hard X-ray nanoprobe. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:1528-1534. [PMID: 34475300 PMCID: PMC8415335 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521007736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Static and in situ nanoscale spectro-microscopy is now routinely performed on the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe beamline at Diamond and the solutions implemented to provide robust energy scanning and experimental operation are described. A software-based scheme for active feedback stabilization of X-ray beam position and monochromatic beam flux across the operating energy range of the beamline is reported, consisting of two linked feedback loops using extremum seeking and position control. Multimodal registration methods have been implemented for active compensation of drift during an experiment to compensate for sample movement during in situ experiments or from beam-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Quinn
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Gomez-Gonzalez
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Cacho-Nerin
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Julia E. Parker
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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13
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Matsuyama S, Yamaguchi H, Inoue T, Nishioka Y, Yamada J, Sano Y, Kohmura Y, Yabashi M, Ishikawa T, Yamauchi K. X-ray adaptive zoom condenser utilizing an intermediate virtual focus. Opt Express 2021; 29:15604-15615. [PMID: 33985258 DOI: 10.1364/oe.422723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose an extended X-ray adaptive zoom condenser that can form an intermediate virtual focus. The system comprises two deformable mirrors for focusing within a single dimension and can vary its numerical aperture (NA) without changing the positions of the light source, mirrors, or final focus. The desired system NA is achieved simply by controlling the mirror surfaces, which enables conversion between convex and concave forms, by varying the position of the intermediate virtual focus. A feasibility test at SPring-8 under a photon energy of 10 keV demonstrated that the beam size can be varied between 134 and 1010 nm.
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14
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Quinn PD, Alianelli L, Gomez-Gonzalez M, Mahoney D, Cacho-Nerin F, Peach A, Parker JE. The Hard X-ray Nanoprobe beamline at Diamond Light Source. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:1006-1013. [PMID: 33950009 PMCID: PMC8127369 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521002502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Hard X-ray Nanoprobe beamline, I14, at Diamond Light Source is a new facility for nanoscale microscopy. The beamline was designed with an emphasis on multi-modal analysis, providing elemental mapping, speciation mapping by XANES, structural phase mapping using nano-XRD and imaging through differential phase contrast and ptychography. The 185 m-long beamline operates over a 5 keV to 23 keV energy range providing a ≤50 nm beam size for routine user experiments and a flexible scanning system allowing fast acquisition. The beamline achieves robust and stable operation by imaging the source in the vertical direction and implementing horizontally deflecting primary optics and an overfilled secondary source in the horizontal direction. This paper describes the design considerations, optical layout, aspects of the hardware engineering and scanning system in operation as well as some examples illustrating the beamline performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Quinn
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Alianelli
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Gomez-Gonzalez
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - David Mahoney
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Cacho-Nerin
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Peach
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Julia E. Parker
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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15
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Chen Z, Tsytsarev V, Finfrock YZ, Antipova OA, Cai Z, Arakawa H, Lischka FW, Hooks BM, Wilton R, Wang D, Liu Y, Gaitan B, Tao Y, Chen Y, Erzurumlu RS, Yang H, Rozhkova EA. Wireless Optogenetic Modulation of Cortical Neurons Enabled by Radioluminescent Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2021; 15:5201-5208. [PMID: 33625219 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
While offering high-precision control of neural circuits, optogenetics is hampered by the necessity to implant fiber-optic waveguides in order to deliver photons to genetically engineered light-gated neurons in the brain. Unlike laser light, X-rays freely pass biological barriers. Here we show that radioluminescent Gd2(WO4)3:Eu nanoparticles, which absorb external X-rays energy and then downconvert it into optical photons with wavelengths of ∼610 nm, can be used for the transcranial stimulation of cortical neurons expressing red-shifted, ∼590-630 nm, channelrhodopsin ReaChR, thereby promoting optogenetic neural control to the practical implementation of minimally invasive wireless deep brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Chen
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Y Zou Finfrock
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Science Division, Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2 V3, Canada
| | - Olga A Antipova
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhonghou Cai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hiroyuki Arakawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Fritz W Lischka
- Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799, United States
| | - Bryan M Hooks
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, Suite W1458, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2500, United States
| | - Rosemarie Wilton
- Biosciences, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Dongyi Wang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Brandon Gaitan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yang Tao
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Reha S Erzurumlu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Huanghao Yang
- Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Elena A Rozhkova
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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16
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Christiansen-Salameh J, Yang M, Rippy G, Li J, Cai Z, Holt M, Agnus G, Maroutian T, Lecoeur P, Matzen S, Kukreja R. Understanding nanoscale structural distortions in Pb(Zr 0.2Ti 0.8)O 3 by utilizing X-ray nanodiffraction and clustering algorithm analysis. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:207-213. [PMID: 33399570 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520013661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hard X-ray nanodiffraction provides a unique nondestructive technique to quantify local strain and structural inhomogeneities at nanometer length scales. However, sample mosaicity and phase separation can result in a complex diffraction pattern that can make it challenging to quantify nanoscale structural distortions. In this work, a k-means clustering algorithm was utilized to identify local maxima of intensity by partitioning diffraction data in a three-dimensional feature space of detector coordinates and intensity. This technique has been applied to X-ray nanodiffraction measurements of a patterned ferroelectric PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 sample. The analysis reveals the presence of two phases in the sample with different lattice parameters. A highly heterogeneous distribution of lattice parameters with a variation of 0.02 Å was also observed within one ferroelectric domain. This approach provides a nanoscale survey of subtle structural distortions as well as phase separation in ferroelectric domains in a patterned sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Christiansen-Salameh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Morris Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Geoffrey Rippy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jianheng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zhonghou Cai
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Martin Holt
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Guillaume Agnus
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Thomas Maroutian
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Philippe Lecoeur
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Sylvia Matzen
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Roopali Kukreja
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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17
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Shabalin AG, Del Valle J, Hua N, Cherukara MJ, Holt MV, Schuller IK, Shpyrko OG. Nanoscale Imaging and Control of Volatile and Non-Volatile Resistive Switching in VO 2. Small 2020; 16:e2005439. [PMID: 33230936 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Control of the metal-insulator phase transition is vital for emerging neuromorphic and memristive technologies. The ability to alter the electrically driven transition between volatile and non-volatile states is particularly important for quantum-materials-based emulation of neurons and synapses. The major challenge of this implementation is to understand and control the nanoscale mechanisms behind these two fundamental switching modalities. Here, in situ X-ray nanoimaging is used to follow the evolution of the nanostructure and disorder in the archetypal Mott insulator VO2 during an electrically driven transition. Our findings demonstrate selective and reversible stabilization of either the insulating or metallic phases achieved by manipulating the defect concentration. This mechanism enables us to alter the local switching response between volatile and persistent regimes and demonstrates a new possibility for nanoscale control of the resistive switching in Mott materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly G Shabalin
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Javier Del Valle
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nelson Hua
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mathew J Cherukara
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Martin V Holt
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ivan K Schuller
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Oleg G Shpyrko
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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18
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Dufresne EM, Narayanan S, Reininger R, Sandy AR, Lurio L. Focusing a round coherent beam by spatial filtering the horizontal source. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:1528-1538. [PMID: 33147178 PMCID: PMC7842205 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520012163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper illustrates the use of spatial filtering with a horizontal slit near the source to enlarge the horizontal coherence in an experimental station and produce a diffraction-limited round focus at an insertion device beamline for X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy experiments. Simple expressions are provided to guide the optical layout, and wave propagation simulations confirm their applicability. The two-dimensional focusing performance of Be compound refractive lenses to produce a round diffraction-limited focus at 11 keV capable of generating a high-contrast speckle pattern of an aerogel sample is demonstrated. The coherent scattering patterns have comparable speckle sizes in both horizontal and vertical directions. The focal spot sizes are consistent with hybrid ray-tracing calculations. Producing a two-dimensional focus on the sample can be helpful to resolve speckle patterns with modern pixel array detectors with high visibility. This scheme has now been in use since 2019 for the 8-ID beamline at the Advanced Photon Source, sharing the undulator beam with two separate beamlines, 8-ID-E and 8-ID-I at 7.35 keV, with increased partially coherent flux, reduced horizontal spot sizes on samples, and good speckle contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Dufresne
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Ruben Reininger
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Alec R. Sandy
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Larry Lurio
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
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19
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Cacho-Nerin F, Parker JE, Quinn PD. A passive hutch-cooling system for achieving high thermal-stability operation at the Nanoprobe beamline, Diamond Light Source. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:912-922. [PMID: 33565999 PMCID: PMC7336176 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520004932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of low-emittance storage rings and the rapid developments in nano-optics and imaging techniques are leading to decreasing X-ray spot sizes and increasing requirements on the environmental and mechanical stability of beamline components. In particular, temperature stability in the experimental hutches is critical to minimize uncontrolled displacements caused by thermal expansion and ensure consistent performance. Here, the design and thermal performance of the experimental hutches of the Nanoprobe beamline at Diamond Light Source are described, where a standard deviation of the room temperature down to 0.017°C over extended periods is demonstrated. The rooms are kept at constant temperature using water-cooled radiant panels which line the ceiling and walls. Radiant panels are relatively common in high-end electron microscopy rooms, but this is the first demonstration of their use for fine temperature control in an X-ray hutch and may provide a useful basis for future upgrades at upcoming low-emittance sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cacho-Nerin
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
- Correspondence e-mail:
| | - Julia E. Parker
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Paul D. Quinn
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
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20
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Zhang HT, Park TJ, Zaluzhnyy IA, Wang Q, Wadekar SN, Manna S, Andrawis R, Sprau PO, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Huang C, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Narayanan B, Srinivasan G, Hua N, Nazaretski E, Huang X, Yan H, Ge M, Chu YS, Cherukara MJ, Holt MV, Krishnamurthy M, Shpyrko OG, Sankaranarayanan SKRS, Frano A, Roy K, Ramanathan S. Perovskite neural trees. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2245. [PMID: 32382036 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trees are used by animals, humans and machines to classify information and make decisions. Natural tree structures displayed by synapses of the brain involves potentiation and depression capable of branching and is essential for survival and learning. Demonstration of such features in synthetic matter is challenging due to the need to host a complex energy landscape capable of learning, memory and electrical interrogation. We report experimental realization of tree-like conductance states at room temperature in strongly correlated perovskite nickelates by modulating proton distribution under high speed electric pulses. This demonstration represents physical realization of ultrametric trees, a concept from number theory applied to the study of spin glasses in physics that inspired early neural network theory dating almost forty years ago. We apply the tree-like memory features in spiking neural networks to demonstrate high fidelity object recognition, and in future can open new directions for neuromorphic computing and artificial intelligence. Designing energy efficient and scalable artificial networks for neuromorphic computing remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate tree-like conductance states at room temperature in strongly correlated perovskite nickelates by modulating proton distribution under high speed electric pulses.
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21
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Fröhlich B, Yang Y, Thoma J, Czajor J, Lansche C, Sanchez C, Lanzer M, Cloetens P, Tanaka M. Nanofocused Scanning X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy Revealing an Effect of Heterozygous Hemoglobin S and C on Biochemical Activities in Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5765-5771. [PMID: 32202408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While there is ample evidence suggesting that carriers of heterozygous hemoglobin S and C are protected from life-threatening malaria, little is known about the underlying biochemical mechanisms at the single cell level. Using nanofocused scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy, we quantify the spatial distribution of individual elements in subcellular compartments, including Fe, S, P, Zn, and Cu, in Plasmodium falciparum-infected (P. falciparum-infected) erythrocytes carrying the wild type or variant hemoglobins. Our data indicate that heterozygous hemoglobin S and C significantly modulate biochemical reactions in parasitized erythrocytes, such as aberrant hemozoin mineralization and a delay in hemoglobin degradation. The label-free scanning X-ray fluorescence imaging has great potential to quantify the spatial distribution of elements in subcellular compartments of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes and unravel the biochemical mechanisms underpinning disease and protective traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fröhlich
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yang Yang
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38043 Grenoble, France.,National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Judith Thoma
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Czajor
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Lansche
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cecilia Sanchez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Lanzer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Cloetens
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
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22
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Tang K, Zheng L, Zhao YD, Liu SH, Ma CY, Dong YH. A micro-focusing and high-flux-throughput beamline design using a bending magnet for microscopic XAFS at the High Energy Photon Source. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:1835-1842. [PMID: 31490178 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751900715x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An optical design study of a bending-magnet beamline, based on multi-bend achromat storage ring lattices, at the High Energy Photon Source, to be built in Beijing, China, is described. The main purpose of the beamline design is to produce a micro-scale beam from a bending-magnet source with little flux loss through apertures. To maximize the flux of the focal spot, the synchrotron source will be 1:1 imaged to a virtual source by a toroidal mirror; a mirror pair will be used to collimate the virtual source into quasi-parallel light which will be refocused by a Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror pair. In the case presented here, a beamline for tender X-rays ranging from 2.1 keV to 7.8 keV, with a spot size of approximately 7 µm (H) × 6 µm (V) and flux up to 2 × 1012 photons s-1, can be achieved for the purpose of X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS)-related experiments, such as scanning micro-XAFS and full-field nano-XAFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Dong Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Hu Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yan Ma
- Institute of High Energy Physics, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hui Dong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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23
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Deng J, Preissner C, Klug JA, Mashrafi S, Roehrig C, Jiang Y, Yao Y, Wojcik M, Wyman MD, Vine D, Yue K, Chen S, Mooney T, Wang M, Feng Z, Jin D, Cai Z, Lai B, Vogt S. The Velociprobe: An ultrafast hard X-ray nanoprobe for high-resolution ptychographic imaging. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:083701. [PMID: 31472643 DOI: 10.1063/1.5103173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the advanced photon source upgrade, a new hard X-ray microscope called "Velociprobe" has been recently designed and built for fast ptychographic imaging with high spatial resolution. We are addressing the challenges of high-resolution and fast scanning with novel hardware designs, advanced motion controls, and new data acquisition strategies, including the use of high-bandwidth interferometric measurements. The use of granite, air-bearing-supported stages provides the necessary long travel ranges for coarse motion to accommodate real samples and variable energy operation while remaining highly stable during fine scanning. Scanning the low-mass zone plate enables high-speed and high-precision motion of the probe over the sample. With an advanced control algorithm implemented in a closed-loop feedback system, the setup achieves a position resolution (3σ) of 2 nm. The instrument performance is evaluated by 2D fly-scan ptychography with our developed data acquisition strategies. A spatial resolution of 8.8 nm has been demonstrated on a Au test sample with a detector continuous frame rate of 200 Hz. Using a higher flux X-ray source provided by double-multilayer monochromator, we achieve 10 nm resolution for an integrated circuit sample in an ultrafast scan with a detector's full continuous frame rate of 3000 Hz (0.33 ms per exposure), resulting in an outstanding imaging rate of 9 × 104 resolution elements per second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Deng
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Curt Preissner
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Klug
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Sheikh Mashrafi
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Christian Roehrig
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yi Jiang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yudong Yao
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Michael Wojcik
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Max D Wyman
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - David Vine
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ke Yue
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Tim Mooney
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Maoyu Wang
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Zhenxing Feng
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Dafei Jin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Zhonghou Cai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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24
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Whiteley SJ, Heremans FJ, Wolfowicz G, Awschalom DD, Holt MV. Correlating dynamic strain and photoluminescence of solid-state defects with stroboscopic x-ray diffraction microscopy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3386. [PMID: 31358776 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of local lattice perturbations near optically-active defects in semiconductors is a key step to harnessing the potential of solid-state qubits for quantum information science and nanoscale sensing. We report the development of a stroboscopic scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy approach for real-space imaging of dynamic strain used in correlation with microscopic photoluminescence measurements. We demonstrate this technique in 4H-SiC, which hosts long-lifetime room temperature vacancy spin defects. Using nano-focused X-ray photon pulses synchronized to a surface acoustic wave launcher, we achieve an effective time resolution of ~100 ps at a 25 nm spatial resolution to map micro-radian dynamic lattice curvatures. The acoustically induced lattice distortions near an engineered scattering structure are correlated with enhanced photoluminescence responses of optically-active SiC quantum defects driven by local piezoelectric effects. These results demonstrate a unique route for directly imaging local strain in nanomechanical structures and quantifying dynamic structure-function relationships in materials under realistic operating conditions. Dynamic strain in silicon carbide can tune point defect properties and coherently control their electron spins. Here the authors fabricate Gaussian-shaped surface acoustic wave transducers, use stroboscopic x-ray imaging to measure lattice dynamics, and observe its effects on defect photoluminescence.
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Mastrogiacomo M, Campi G, Cancedda R, Cedola A. Synchrotron radiation techniques boost the research in bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:33-46. [PMID: 30880235 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
X-ray Synchrotron radiation-based techniques, in particular Micro-tomography and Micro-diffraction, were exploited to investigate the structure of bone deposited in vivo within a porous ceramic scaffold. Bone formation was studied by implanting Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) seeded ceramic scaffolds in a mouse model. Osteoblasts derived from the seeded MSC and from differentiation of cells migrated within the scaffold together with the blood vessels, deposited within the scaffold pores an organic collagenous matrix on which a precursor mineral amorphous liquid-phase, containing Ca++ and PO4-- crystallized filling the gaps between the collagen molecules. Histology offered a valid instrument to investigate the engineered tissue structure, but, unfortunately, limited itself to a macroscopic analysis. The evolution of the X-ray Synchrotron radiation-based techniques and the combination of micro X-ray diffraction with X-ray phase-contrast imaging enabled to study the dynamic of the structural and morphological changes occurring during the new bone deposition, biomineralization and vascularization. In fact, the unique features of Synchrotron radiation, is providing the high spatial resolution probe which is necessary for the study of complex materials presenting heterogeneity from micron-scale to meso- and nano-scale. Indeed, this is the occurrence in the heterogeneous and hierarchical bone tissue where an organic matter, such as the collagenous matrix, interacts with mineral nano-crystals to generate a hybrid multiscale biomaterial with unique physical properties. In this framework, the use of advanced synchrotron radiation techniques allowed to understand and to clarify fundamental aspects of the bone formation process within the bioceramic, i.e. biomineralization and vascularization, including to obtain deeper knowledge on bone deposition, mineralization and reabsorption in different health, aging and pathological conditions. In this review we present an overview of the X-ray Synchrotron radiation techniques and we provide a general outlook of their applications on bone Tissue Engineering, with a focus on our group work. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Synchrotron Radiation techniques for Tissue Engineering In this review we report recent applications of X-ray Synchrotron radiation-based techniques, in particular Microtomography and Microdiffraction, to investigations on the structure of ceramic scaffolds and bone tissue regeneration. Tissue engineering has made significant advances in bone regeneration by proposing the use of mesenchymal stem cells in combination with various types of scaffolds. The efficacy of the biomaterials used to date is not considered optimal in terms of resorbability and bone formation, resulting in a poor vascularization at the implant site. The review largely based on our publications in the last ten years could help the study of the regenerative model proposed. We also believe that the new imaging technologies we describe could be a starting point for the development of additional new techniques with the final aim of transferring them to the clinical practice.
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Ju G, Highland MJ, Thompson C, Eastman JA, Fuoss PH, Zhou H, Dejus R, Stephenson GB. Characterization of the X-ray coherence properties of an undulator beamline at the Advanced Photon Source. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:1036-1047. [PMID: 29979165 PMCID: PMC6038611 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518006501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In anticipation of the increased use of coherent X-ray methods and the need to upgrade beamlines to match improved source quality, here the coherence properties of the X-rays delivered by beamline 12ID-D at the Advanced Photon Source have been characterized. The measured X-ray divergence, beam size, brightness and coherent flux at energies up to 26 keV are compared with the calculated values from the undulator source, and the effects of beamline optics such as a mirror, monochromator and compound refractive lenses are evaluated. Diffraction patterns from slits as a function of slit width are analyzed using wave propagation theory to obtain the beam divergence and thus coherence length. Imaging of the source using a compound refractive lens was found to be the most accurate method for determining the vertical divergence. While the brightness and coherent flux obtained without a monochromator (`pink beam') agree well with those calculated for the source, those measured with the monochromator were a factor of three to six lower than the source, primarily because of vertical divergence introduced by the monochromator. The methods described herein should be widely applicable for measuring the X-ray coherence properties of synchrotron beamlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Ju
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Matthew J. Highland
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Carol Thompson
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Eastman
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Paul H. Fuoss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Roger Dejus
- Accelerator Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - G. Brian Stephenson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Correspondence e-mail:
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Singer A, Ramirez JG, Valmianski I, Cela D, Hua N, Kukreja R, Wingert J, Kovalchuk O, Glownia JM, Sikorski M, Chollet M, Holt M, Schuller IK, Shpyrko OG. Nonequilibrium Phase Precursors during a Photoexcited Insulator-to-Metal Transition in V_{2}O_{3}. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:207601. [PMID: 29864371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.207601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we photoinduce and directly observe with x-ray scattering an ultrafast enhancement of the structural long-range order in the archetypal Mott system V_{2}O_{3}. Despite the ultrafast increase in crystal symmetry, the change of unit cell volume occurs an order of magnitude slower and coincides with the insulator-to-metal transition. The decoupling between the two structural responses in the time domain highlights the existence of a transient photoinduced precursor phase, which is distinct from the two structural phases present in equilibrium. X-ray nanoscopy reveals that acoustic phonons trapped in nanoscale twin domains govern the dynamics of the ultrafast transition into the precursor phase, while nucleation and growth of metallic domains dictate the duration of the slower transition into the metallic phase. The enhancement of the long-range order before completion of the electronic transition demonstrates the critical role the nonequilibrium structural phases play during electronic phase transitions in correlated electrons systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Singer
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | - Ilya Valmianski
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Devin Cela
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Nelson Hua
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Roopali Kukreja
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - James Wingert
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Olesya Kovalchuk
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - James M Glownia
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Marcin Sikorski
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Martin Holt
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ivan K Schuller
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Oleg G Shpyrko
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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28
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Bullard JW, Hagedorn J, Ley MT, Hu Q, Griffin W, Terrill JE. A Critical Comparison of 3D Experiments and Simulations of Tricalcium Silicate Hydration. J Am Ceram Soc 2018; 101:1453-1470. [PMID: 29887617 PMCID: PMC5988366 DOI: 10.1111/jace.15323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nano-computed X-ray tomography (nCT), nano X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (nXRF), and high-performance computing have enabled the first direct comparison between observations of three-dimensional nanoscale microstructure evolution during cement hydration and computer simulations of the same microstructure using HydratiCA. nCT observations of a collection of triclinic tricalcium silicate (Ca3SiO5) particles reacting in a calcium hydroxide solution are reported and compared to simulations that duplicate, as nearly as possible, the thermal and chemical conditions of those experiments. Particular points of comparison are the time dependence of the solid phase volume fractions, spatial distributions, and morphologies. Comparisons made at 7 h of reaction indicate that the simulated and observed volumes of Ca3SiO5 consumed by hydration agree to within the measurement uncertainty. The location of simulated hydration product is qualitatively consistent with the observations, but the outer envelope of hydration product observed by nCT encloses more than twice the volume of hydration product in the simulations at the same time. Simultaneous nXRF measurements of the same observation volume imply calcium and silicon concentrations within the observed hydration product envelope that are consistent with Ca(OH)2 embedded in a sparse network of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) that contains about 70 % occluded porosity in addition to the amount usually accounted as gel porosity. An anomalously large volume of Ca(OH)2 near the particles is observed both in the experiments and in the simulations, and can be explained as originating from the hydration of additional particles outside the field of view. Possible origins of the unusually large amount of observed occluded porosity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Bullard
- Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - John Hagedorn
- Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - M Tyler Ley
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Qinang Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Wesley Griffin
- Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Judith E Terrill
- Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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29
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Li L, Zhang R, Vinson J, Shirley EL, Greeley JP, Guest JR, Chan MKY. Imaging Catalytic Activation of CO 2 on Cu 2O (110): A First-Principles Study. Chem Mater 2018; 30:10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b04803. [PMID: 31080315 PMCID: PMC6508644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b04803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Balancing global energy needs against increasing greenhouse gas emissions requires new methods for efficient CO2 reduction. While photoreduction of CO2 is promising, the rational design of photocatalysts hinges on precise characterization of the surface catalytic reactions. Cu2O is a promising next-generation photocatalyst, but the atomic-scale description of the interaction between CO2 and the Cu2O surface is largely unknown, and detailed experimental measures are lacking. In this study, density-functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to identify the Cu2O (110) surface stoichiometry that favors CO2 reduction. To facilitate interpretation of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray absorption near-edge structures (XANES) measurements, which are useful for characterizing catalytic reactions, we present simulations based on DFT-derived surface morphologies with various adsorbate types. STM and XANES simulations were performed using the Tersoff-Hamann approximation and Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) approach, respectively. The results provide guidance for observation of CO2 reduction reaction on, and rational surface engineering of, Cu2O (110). They also demonstrate the effectiveness of computational image and spectroscopy modeling as a predictive tool for surface catalysis characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - John Vinson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Eric L. Shirley
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Greeley
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Guest
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Maria K. Y. Chan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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30
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Kwon S, Lim JH, Namba Y, Chon KS. Precise measurement of inner diameter of mono-capillary optic using X-ray imaging technique. J Xray Sci Technol 2018; 26:263-272. [PMID: 29154311 DOI: 10.3233/xst-17308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mono-capillary optics have been applied to increase the performance of X-ray instruments. However, performance of a mono-capillary optic strongly depends on the shape accuracy, which is determined by the diameters of the inner hollow of the capillary along the axial direction. OBJECTIVE To precisely determine the inner diameter of the capillary optic used in X-ray imaging technique, which aims to replace the conventional method using a visible microscope. METHODS High spatial resolution X-ray images of the mono-capillary optic were obtained by a synchrotron radiation beamline. The inner diameter of the mono-capillary optic was measured and analyzed by the pixel values of the X-ray image. RESULT Edge enhancement effect was quite useful in determining the inner diameter, and the accuracy of the diameter determination was less than 1.32 μm. Many images obtained by scanning the mono-capillary optic along the axial direction were combined, and the axial profile, consisting of diameters along the axial direction, was obtained from the combined image. The X-ray imaging method could provide an accurate measurement with slope error of±19 μrad. CONCLUSIONS Applying X-ray imaging technique to determine the inner diameter of a mono-capillary optic can contribute to increasing fabrication accuracy of the mono-capillary optic through a feedback process between the fabrication and measurement of its diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonmu Kwon
- Department of Radiological Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Hayang-ro, Hayang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Daegu Health College, Youngsong-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Lim
- Pohng Accelerator Laboratory, Nam-gu, Pohng, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshiharu Namba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kwon Su Chon
- Department of Radiological Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Hayang-ro, Hayang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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31
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Karydas AG, Czyzycki M, Leani JJ, Migliori A, Osan J, Bogovac M, Wrobel P, Vakula N, Padilla-Alvarez R, Menk RH, Gol MG, Antonelli M, Tiwari MK, Caliri C, Vogel-Mikuš K, Darby I, Kaiser RB. An IAEA multi-technique X-ray spectrometry endstation at Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste: benchmarking results and interdisciplinary applications. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:189-203. [PMID: 29271768 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517016332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) jointly with the Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste (EST) operates a multipurpose X-ray spectrometry endstation at the X-ray Fluorescence beamline (10.1L). The facility has been available to external users since the beginning of 2015 through the peer-review process of EST. Using this collaboration framework, the IAEA supports and promotes synchrotron-radiation-based research and training activities for various research groups from the IAEA Member States, especially those who have limited previous experience and resources to access a synchrotron radiation facility. This paper aims to provide a broad overview about various analytical capabilities, intrinsic features and performance figures of the IAEA X-ray spectrometry endstation through the measured results. The IAEA-EST endstation works with monochromatic X-rays in the energy range 3.7-14 keV for the Elettra storage ring operating at 2.0 or 2.4 GeV electron energy. It offers a combination of different advanced analytical probes, e.g. X-ray reflectivity, X-ray absorption fine-structure measurements, grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence measurements, using different excitation and detection geometries, and thereby supports a comprehensive characterization for different kinds of nanostructured and bulk materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Germanos Karydas
- Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Laboratories, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Mateusz Czyzycki
- Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Laboratories, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Juan José Leani
- Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Laboratories, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Alessandro Migliori
- Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Laboratories, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Janos Osan
- Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Laboratories, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Mladen Bogovac
- Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Laboratories, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Pawel Wrobel
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Nikita Vakula
- Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Laboratories, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Roman Padilla-Alvarez
- Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Laboratories, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Ralf Hendrik Menk
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA di Interesse Nazionale, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maryam Ghahremani Gol
- Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Iranian Light Source Facility (ILSF), Larak Building (Garden), PO Box 19568-36484, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matias Antonelli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA di Interesse Nazionale, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Manoj K Tiwari
- Synchrotrons Utilization Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Claudia Caliri
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN, Via Santa Sofia 62, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iain Darby
- Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Laboratories, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Ralf Bernd Kaiser
- Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Laboratories, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
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32
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May BM, Yu YS, Holt MV, Strobridge FC, Boesenberg U, Grey CP, Cabana J. Nanoscale Detection of Intermediate Solid Solutions in Equilibrated Li xFePO 4 Microcrystals. Nano Lett 2017; 17:7364-7371. [PMID: 29166027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox-driven phase transformations in solids determine the performance of lithium-ion batteries, crucial in the technological transition from fossil fuels. Couplings between chemistry and strain define reversibility and fatigue of an electrode. The accurate definition of all phases in the transformation, their energetics, and nanoscale location within a particle produces fundamental understanding of these couplings needed to design materials with ultimate performance. Here we demonstrate that scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy (SXDM) extends our ability to image battery processes in single particles. In LiFePO4 crystals equilibrated after delithiation, SXDM revealed the existence of domains of miscibility between LiFePO4 and Li0.6FePO4. These solid solutions are conventionally thought to be metastable, and were previously undetected by spectromicroscopy. The observation provides experimental verification of predictions that the LiFePO4-FePO4 phase diagram can be altered by coherency strain under certain interfacial orientations. It enriches our understanding of the interaction between diffusion, chemistry, and mechanics in solid state transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M May
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Young-Sang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin V Holt
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60441, United States
| | - Fiona C Strobridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Boesenberg
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Cabana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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Luo Y, Khoram P, Brittman S, Zhu Z, Lai B, Ong SP, Garnett EC, Fenning DP. Direct Observation of Halide Migration and its Effect on the Photoluminescence of Methylammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite Single Crystals. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1703451. [PMID: 28961331 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices based on hybrid perovskites have demonstrated outstanding performance within a few years of intense study. However, commercialization of these devices requires barriers to their development to be overcome, such as their chemical instability under operating conditions. To investigate this instability and its consequences, the electric field applied to single crystals of methylammonium lead bromide (CH3 NH3 PbBr3 ) is varied, and changes are mapped in both their elemental composition and photoluminescence. Synchrotron-based nanoprobe X-ray fluorescence (nano-XRF) with 250 nm resolution reveals quasi-reversible field-assisted halide migration, with corresponding changes in photoluminescence. It is observed that higher local bromide concentration is correlated to superior optoelectronic performance in CH3 NH3 PbBr3 . A lower limit on the electromigration rate is calculated from these experiments and the motion is interpreted as vacancy-mediated migration based on nudged elastic band density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The XRF mapping data provide direct evidence of field-assisted ionic migration in a model hybrid-perovskite thin single crystal, while the link with photoluminescence proves that the halide stoichiometry plays a key role in the optoelectronic properties of the perovskite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Luo
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Parisa Khoram
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Amsterdam, 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Brittman
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Amsterdam, 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Zhuoying Zhu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Shyue Ping Ong
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Erik C Garnett
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Amsterdam, 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - David P Fenning
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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34
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Lin F, Liu Y, Yu X, Cheng L, Singer A, Shpyrko OG, Xin HL, Tamura N, Tian C, Weng TC, Yang XQ, Meng YS, Nordlund D, Yang W, Doeff MM. Synchrotron X-ray Analytical Techniques for Studying Materials Electrochemistry in Rechargeable Batteries. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13123-13186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yijin Liu
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94035, United States
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department
of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Oleg G. Shpyrko
- Department
of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Huolin L. Xin
- Center for
Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Nobumichi Tamura
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chixia Tian
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tsu-Chien Weng
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ying Shirley Meng
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94035, United States
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marca M. Doeff
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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35
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Wallander H, Wallentin J. Simulated sample heating from a nanofocused X-ray beam. J Synchrotron Radiat 2017; 24:925-933. [PMID: 28862614 PMCID: PMC5580787 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517008712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in synchrotron brilliance and X-ray optics are pushing the flux density in nanofocusing experiments to unprecedented levels, which increases the risk of different types of radiation damage. The effect of X-ray induced sample heating has been investigated using time-resolved and steady-state three-dimensional finite-element modelling of representative nanostructures. Simulations of a semiconductor nanowire indicate that the heat generated by X-ray absorption is efficiently transported within the nanowire, and that the temperature becomes homogeneous after about 5 ns. The most important channel for heat loss is conduction to the substrate, where the heat transfer coefficient and the interfacial area are limiting the heat transport. While convective heat transfer to air is significant, the thermal radiation is negligible. The steady-state average temperature in the nanowire is 8 K above room temperature at the reference parameters. In the absence of heat transfer to the substrate, the temperature increase at the same flux reaches 55 K in air and far beyond the melting temperature in vacuum. Reducing the size of the X-ray focus at constant flux only increases the maximum temperature marginally. These results suggest that the key strategy for reducing the X-ray induced heating is to improve the heat transfer to the surrounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Wallander
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Jesper Wallentin
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
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36
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Ocola LE, Sampathkumar V, Kasthuri N, Winarski RP. Contrast enhancement of biological nanoporous materials with zinc oxide infiltration for electron and X-ray nanoscale microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5879. [PMID: 28724918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that using infiltration of ZnO metal oxide can be useful for high resolution imaging of biological samples in electron and X-ray microscopy. The method is compatible with standard fixation techniques that leave the sample dry, such as finishing with super critical CO2 drying, or simple vacuum drying up to 95 °C. We demonstrate this technique can be applied on tooth and brain tissue samples. We also show that high resolution X-ray tomography can be performed on biological systems using Zn K edge (1s) absorption to enhance internal structures, and obtained the first nanoscale 10 KeV X-ray absorption images of the interior regions of a tooth.
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37
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Chevallet M, Veronesi G, Fuchs A, Mintz E, Michaud-Soret I, Deniaud A. Impact of labile metal nanoparticles on cellular homeostasis. Current developments in imaging, synthesis and applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1566-1577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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38
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Lemelle L, Simionovici A, Schoonjans T, Tucoulou R, Enrico E, Salomé M, Hofmann A, Cavalazzi B. Analytical requirements for quantitative X-ray fluorescence nano-imaging of metal traces in solid samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Mohacsi I, Vartiainen I, Rösner B, Guizar-sicairos M, Guzenko VA, Mcnulty I, Winarski R, Holt MV, David C. Interlaced zone plate optics for hard X-ray imaging in the 10 nm range. Sci Rep 2017; 7. [DOI: 10.1038/srep43624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-keV X-ray microscopy has been particularly successful in bridging the resolution gap between optical and electron microscopy. However, resolutions below 20 nm are still considered challenging, as high throughput direct imaging methods are limited by the availability of suitable optical elements. In order to bridge this gap, we present a new type of Fresnel zone plate lenses aimed at the sub-20 and the sub-10 nm resolution range. By extending the concept of double-sided zone plate stacking, we demonstrate the doubling of the effective line density and thus the resolution and provide large aperture, singlechip optical devices with 15 and 7 nm smallest zone widths. The detailed characterization of these lenses shows excellent optical properties with focal spots down to 7.8 nm. Beyond wave front characterization, the zone plates also excel in typical imaging scenarios, verifying their resolution close to their diffraction limited optical performance.
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40
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Daurer BJ, Krishnan H, Perciano T, Maia FRNC, Shapiro DA, Sethian JA, Marchesini S. Nanosurveyor: a framework for real-time data processing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:7. [PMID: 28261545 PMCID: PMC5313566 DOI: 10.1186/s40679-017-0039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ever improving brightness of accelerator based sources is enabling novel observations and discoveries with faster frame rates, larger fields of view, higher resolution, and higher dimensionality. RESULTS Here we present an integrated software/algorithmic framework designed to capitalize on high-throughput experiments through efficient kernels, load-balanced workflows, which are scalable in design. We describe the streamlined processing pipeline of ptychography data analysis. CONCLUSIONS The pipeline provides throughput, compression, and resolution as well as rapid feedback to the microscope operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt J Daurer
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Krishnan
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Talita Perciano
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Filipe R N C Maia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - David A Shapiro
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - James A Sethian
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA.,Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Stefano Marchesini
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
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41
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Hruszkewycz SO, Allain M, Holt MV, Murray CE, Holt JR, Fuoss PH, Chamard V. High-resolution three-dimensional structural microscopy by single-angle Bragg ptychography. Nat Mater 2017; 16:244-251. [PMID: 27869823 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherent X-ray microscopy by phase retrieval of Bragg diffraction intensities enables lattice distortions within a crystal to be imaged at nanometre-scale spatial resolutions in three dimensions. While this capability can be used to resolve structure-property relationships at the nanoscale under working conditions, strict data measurement requirements can limit the application of current approaches. Here, we introduce an efficient method of imaging three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale lattice behaviour and strain fields in crystalline materials with a methodology that we call 3D Bragg projection ptychography (3DBPP). This method enables 3D image reconstruction of a crystal volume from a series of two-dimensional X-ray Bragg coherent intensity diffraction patterns measured at a single incident beam angle. Structural information about the sample is encoded along two reciprocal-space directions normal to the Bragg diffracted exit beam, and along the third dimension in real space by the scanning beam. We present our approach with an analytical derivation, a numerical demonstration, and an experimental reconstruction of lattice distortions in a component of a nanoelectronic prototype device.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Hruszkewycz
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Allain
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - M V Holt
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C E Murray
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
| | - J R Holt
- IBM Semiconductor Research and Development Center, Hopewell Junction, New York 12533, USA
| | - P H Fuoss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Chamard
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013 Marseille, France
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42
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West BM, Stuckelberger M, Jeffries A, Gangam S, Lai B, Stripe B, Maser J, Rose V, Vogt S, Bertoni MI. X-ray fluorescence at nanoscale resolution for multicomponent layered structures: a solar cell case study. J Synchrotron Radiat 2017; 24:288-295. [PMID: 28009569 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516015721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of a multilayered and multicomponent system by spatially resolved X-ray fluorescence microscopy poses unique challenges in achieving accurate quantification of elemental distributions. This is particularly true for the quantification of materials with high X-ray attenuation coefficients, depth-dependent composition variations and thickness variations. A widely applicable procedure for use after spectrum fitting and quantification is described. This procedure corrects the elemental distribution from the measured fluorescence signal, taking into account attenuation of the incident beam and generated fluorescence from multiple layers, and accounts for sample thickness variations. Deriving from Beer-Lambert's law, formulae are presented in a general integral form and numerically applicable framework. The procedure is applied using experimental data from a solar cell with a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layer, measured at two separate synchrotron beamlines with varied measurement geometries. This example shows the importance of these corrections in real material systems, which can change the interpretation of the measured distributions dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M West
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, 551 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Michael Stuckelberger
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, 551 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - April Jeffries
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, 551 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Srikanth Gangam
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, 551 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Benjamin Stripe
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jörg Maser
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Volker Rose
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Mariana I Bertoni
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, 551 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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43
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Hu Q, Aboustait M, Kim T, Ley MT, Bullard JW, Scherer G, Hanan JC, Rose V, Winarski R, Gelb J. Direct Measurements of 3D Structure, Chemistry and Mass Density During the Induction Period of C 3S Hydration. Cem Concr Res 2016; 89:14-26. [PMID: 28919638 PMCID: PMC5600282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The reasons for the start and end of the induction period of cement hydration remain topic of controversy. One long-standing hypothesis is that a thin metastable hydrate forming on the surface of cement grains significantly reduces the particle dissolution rate; the eventual disappearance of this layer re-establishes higher dissolution rates at the beginning of the acceleration period. However, the importance, or even the existence, of this metastable layer has been questioned because it cannot be directly detected in most experiments. In this work, a combined analysis using nano-tomography and nano-X-ray fluorescence makes the direct imaging of early hydration products possible. These novel X-ray imaging techniques provide quantitative measurements of 3D structure, chemical composition, and mass density of the hydration products during the induction period. This work does not observe a low density product on the surface of the particle, but does provide insights into the formation of etch pits and the subsequent hydration products that fill them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinang Hu
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | - Mohammed Aboustait
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | - Taehwan Kim
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | - M Tyler Ley
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Bullard
- National Institute of Standard and Technology, Materials and structural systems division, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, USA
| | - George Scherer
- Princeton University, Eng. Quad. E-319, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jay C Hanan
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74106, USA
| | - Volker Rose
- Argonne National Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Robert Winarski
- Argonne National Laboratory, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gelb
- Argonne National Laboratory, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, USA
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44
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Hu Q, Aboustait M, Kim T, Ley MT, Hanan JC, Bullard J, Winarski R, Rose V. Direct three-dimensional observation of the microstructure and chemistry of C 3S hydration. Cem Concr Res 2016; 88:157-169. [PMID: 29880979 PMCID: PMC5988363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Disagreements about the mechanisms of cement hydration remain despite the fact that portland cement has been studied extensively for over 100 years. One reason for this is that direct observation of the change in microstructure and chemistry are challenging for many experimental techniques. This paper presents results from synchrotron nano X-ray tomography and fluorescence imaging. The data show unprecedented direct observations of small collections of C3S particles before and after different periods of hydration in 15 mmol/L lime solution. X-ray absorption contrast is used to make three dimensional maps of the changes of these materials with time. The chemical compositions of hydration products are then identified with X-ray fluorescence mapping and scanning electron microscopy. These experiments are used to provide insight into the rate and morphology of the microstructure formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinang Hu
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | - Mohammed Aboustait
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | - Taehwan Kim
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | - M. Tyler Ley
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | - Jay C. Hanan
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74106, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bullard
- National Institute of Standard and Technology, Materials and structural systems division, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, USA
| | - Robert Winarski
- Argonne National Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Volker Rose
- Argonne National Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, USA
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45
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Logan J, Harder R, Li L, Haskel D, Chen P, Winarski R, Fuesz P, Schlagel D, Vine D, Benson C, McNulty I. Hard X-ray polarizer to enable simultaneous three-dimensional nanoscale imaging of magnetic structure and lattice strain. J Synchrotron Radiat 2016; 23:1210-1215. [PMID: 27577777 PMCID: PMC5006654 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516009632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the development of dichroic Bragg coherent diffractive imaging, a new technique for simultaneous three-dimensional imaging of strain and magnetization at the nanoscale, is reported. This progress includes the installation of a diamond X-ray phase retarder at beamline 34-ID-C of the Advanced Photon Source. The performance of the phase retarder for tuning X-ray polarization is demonstrated with temperature-dependent X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements on a gadolinium foil in transmission and on a Gd5Si2Ge2 crystal in diffraction geometry with a partially coherent, focused X-ray beam. Feasibility tests for dichroic Bragg coherent diffractive imaging are presented. These tests include (1) using conventional Bragg coherent diffractive imaging to determine whether the phase retarder introduces aberrations using a nonmagnetic gold nanocrystal as a control sample, and (2) collecting coherent diffraction patterns of a magnetic Gd5Si2Ge2 nanocrystal with left- and right-circularly polarized X-rays. Future applications of dichroic Bragg coherent diffractive imaging for the correlation of strain and lattice defects with magnetic ordering and inhomogeneities are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Logan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Ross Harder
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Luxi Li
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Daniel Haskel
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Pice Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Robert Winarski
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Peter Fuesz
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Deborah Schlagel
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, 2405 Kooser Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - David Vine
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christa Benson
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Ian McNulty
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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46
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Liu Y, Meirer F, Krest CM, Webb S, Weckhuysen BM. Relating structure and composition with accessibility of a single catalyst particle using correlative 3-dimensional micro-spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12634. [PMID: 27572475 PMCID: PMC5013607 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how hierarchically structured functional materials operate, analytical tools are needed that can reveal small structural and chemical details in large sample volumes. Often, a single method alone is not sufficient to get a complete picture of processes happening at multiple length scales. Here we present a correlative approach combining three-dimensional X-ray imaging techniques at different length scales for the analysis of metal poisoning of an individual catalyst particle. The correlative nature of the data allowed establishing a macro-pore network model that interprets metal accumulations as a resistance to mass transport and can, by tuning the effect of metal deposition, simulate the response of the network to a virtual ageing of the catalyst particle. The developed approach is generally applicable and provides an unprecedented view on dynamic changes in a material's pore space, which is an essential factor in the rational design of functional porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Liu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Courtney M. Krest
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Samuel Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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47
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Shuck CE, Frazee M, Gillman A, Beason MT, Gunduz IE, Matouš K, Winarski R, Mukasyan AS. X-ray nanotomography and focused-ion-beam sectioning for quantitative three-dimensional analysis of nanocomposites. J Synchrotron Radiat 2016; 23:990-996. [PMID: 27359148 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516007992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Knowing the relationship between three-dimensional structure and properties is paramount for complete understanding of material behavior. In this work, the internal nanostructure of micrometer-size (∼10 µm) composite Ni/Al particles was analyzed using two different approaches. The first technique, synchrotron-based X-ray nanotomography, is a nondestructive method that can attain resolutions of tens of nanometers. The second is a destructive technique with sub-nanometer resolution utilizing scanning electron microscopy combined with an ion beam and `slice and view' analysis, where the sample is repeatedly milled and imaged. The obtained results suggest that both techniques allow for an accurate characterization of the larger-scale structures, while differences exist in the characterization of the smallest features. Using the Monte Carlo method, the effective resolution of the X-ray nanotomography technique was determined to be ∼48 nm, while focused-ion-beam sectioning with `slice and view' analysis was ∼5 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Shuck
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Mathew Frazee
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Andrew Gillman
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Matthew T Beason
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ibrahim Emre Gunduz
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Karel Matouš
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Robert Winarski
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Alexander S Mukasyan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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48
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Kashiv Y, Austin JR 2nd, Lai B, Rose V, Vogt S, El-Muayed M. Imaging trace element distributions in single organelles and subcellular features. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21437. [PMID: 26911251 DOI: 10.1038/srep21437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The distributions of chemical elements within cells are of prime importance in a wide range of basic and applied biochemical research. An example is the role of the subcellular Zn distribution in Zn homeostasis in insulin producing pancreatic beta cells and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We combined transmission electron microscopy with micro- and nano-synchrotron X-ray fluorescence to image unequivocally for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the natural elemental distributions, including those of trace elements, in single organelles and other subcellular features. Detected elements include Cl, K, Ca, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd (which some cells were supplemented with). Cell samples were prepared by a technique that minimally affects the natural elemental concentrations and distributions, and without using fluorescent indicators. It could likely be applied to all cell types and provide new biochemical insights at the single organelle level not available from organelle population level studies.
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49
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Martínez-Criado G, Villanova J, Tucoulou R, Salomon D, Suuronen JP, Labouré S, Guilloud C, Valls V, Barrett R, Gagliardini E, Dabin Y, Baker R, Bohic S, Cohen C, Morse J. ID16B: a hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline at the ESRF for nano-analysis. J Synchrotron Radiat 2016; 23:344-52. [PMID: 26698084 PMCID: PMC5297598 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515019839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework of the ESRF Phase I Upgrade Programme, a new state-of-the-art synchrotron beamline ID16B has been recently developed for hard X-ray nano-analysis. The construction of ID16B was driven by research areas with major scientific and societal impact such as nanotechnology, earth and environmental sciences, and bio-medical research. Based on a canted undulator source, this long beamline provides hard X-ray nanobeams optimized mainly for spectroscopic applications, including the combination of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, X-ray excited optical luminescence, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and 2D/3D X-ray imaging techniques. Its end-station re-uses part of the apparatus of the earlier ID22 beamline, while improving and enlarging the spectroscopic capabilities: for example, the experimental arrangement offers improved lateral spatial resolution (∼50 nm), a larger and more flexible capability for in situ experiments, and monochromatic nanobeams tunable over a wider energy range which now includes the hard X-ray regime (5-70 keV). This paper describes the characteristics of this new facility, short-term technical developments and the first scientific results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Martínez-Criado
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Villanova
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Rémi Tucoulou
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Damien Salomon
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sylvain Labouré
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cyril Guilloud
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Valentin Valls
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Raymond Barrett
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Gagliardini
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Dabin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Robert Baker
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvain Bohic
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cédric Cohen
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - John Morse
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Hruszkewycz SO, Holt MV, Allain M, Chamard V, Polvino SM, Murray CE, Fuoss PH. Efficient modeling of Bragg coherent x-ray nanobeam diffraction. Opt Lett 2015; 40:3241-3244. [PMID: 26176439 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.003241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
X-ray Bragg diffraction experiments that utilize tightly focused coherent beams produce complicated Bragg diffraction patterns that depend on scattering geometry, characteristics of the sample, and properties of the x-ray focusing optic. Here, we use a Fourier-transform-based method of modeling the 2D intensity distribution of a Bragg peak and apply it to the case of thin films illuminated with a Fresnel zone plate in three different Bragg scattering geometries. The calculations agree well with experimental coherent diffraction patterns, demonstrating that nanodiffraction patterns can be modeled at nonsymmetric Bragg conditions with this approach--a capability critical for advancing nanofocused x-ray diffraction microscopy.
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