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Li L, Chen D, Lin X, Luo J, Tan J, Ding D, Li P. Antioxidative Stress-Induced Destruction to Cochlear Cells Caused by Blind Antioxidant Therapy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 170:1421-1429. [PMID: 38314899 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Verification that blind and excessive use of antioxidants leads to antioxidant stress which exacerbates cochlear cell damage. STUDY DESIGN Basic research. SETTING The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. METHODS We compared and quantified hair cell-like house ear institute-organ of corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cell density, cell viability, and apoptosis caused by different concentrations of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) via Hoechst staining, Cell Counting Kit 8, Hoechst with propidium iodide staining, and Annexin V with propidium iodide (PI) staining. Apoptosis induced by high concentrations of M40403 and coenzyme Q10 in cochlear explants was analyzed and compared by cochlear dissection and activated caspase 3 labeling. RESULTS With the increase of NAC concentration (0-1000 μmol/L), cell density decreased consequently and reached the lowest at 1000 μmol/L (****P ≤ .0001). Cell viability is also declining (**P < .01). The number of Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled cells and PI-labeled cells increased with increasing NAC concentration after treatment of HEI-OC1 cells for 48 hours. The proportion of apoptotic cells also rose (*P < .05, **P < .01). Cochlear hair cells (HCs) treated with low concentrations of M40403 and coenzyme Q10 for 48 hours showed no damage. When the concentrations of M40403 and coenzyme Q10 were increased (concentrations>30 μmol/L), HC damage began, followed by a dose-dependent increase in HC loss (*P < .001, **P < .0001). Activated caspase-3 was clearly apparent in cochlear explants treated with 50 μmol/L M40403 and coenzyme Q10 compared with cochlear explants without added M40403 and coenzyme Q10. CONCLUSION These experimental results suggest that inappropriate application of antioxidants can cause severe damage to normal cochlear HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guang Zhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guang Zhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuexin Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guang Zhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guang Zhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingqian Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guang Zhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dalian Ding
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, Amherst, New York, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guang Zhou, Guangdong, China
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Vijayaram S, Ghafarifarsani H, Vuppala S, Nedaei S, Mahendran K, Murugappan R, Chou CC. Selenium Nanoparticles: Revolutionizing Nutrient Enhancement in Aquaculture - A Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04172-x. [PMID: 38589682 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Aquaculture, a cornerstone of global food production, confronts myriad challenges including disease outbreaks and environmental degradation. Achieving nutritionally balanced aquafeed is critical for sustainable production, prompting exploration into innovative solutions like selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). SeNPs offer potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, and growth-promoting properties, bolstering gut immunity and digestive capacity in aquatic animals. Their high bioavailability and ability to traverse gut barriers make them promising candidates for aquafeed supplementation. This study investigates SeNPs as a cutting-edge solution to enhance nutrient supply in aquaculture, addressing key challenges while promoting environmental stewardship and food security. By synthesizing current research and highlighting future directions, this review provides valuable insights into sustainable aquaculture practices. SeNPs hold promise for revolutionizing aquaculture feed formulations, offering a pathway to improved production outcomes and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srirengaraj Vijayaram
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung, Taiwan, 40227
| | - Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Animal Science, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Srikanth Vuppala
- Research and Development Division, WIISE Srl Societa' Benefit, Via dei Grottoni 67/16, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Shiva Nedaei
- Department of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Karthikeyan Mahendran
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Thiagarajar College, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramanathan Murugappan
- Department of Zoology, Thiagarajar College, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Chi-Chung Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung, Taiwan, 40227.
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Huang J, Chen Y, Su Y, Yuan W, Peng D, Guan Z, Chen J, Li P, Du B. Identification of carbohydrate in Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl and inhibiting oxidative stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129760. [PMID: 38286375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The specific structure of Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl polysaccharide (PKP) has been rarely reported. In this study, an inulin-type fructan PKP-1, was extracted and purified from Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl, and its structural characteristics and antioxidants activity were evaluated. The molecular weights of PKP-1 was determined to be 4.802 kDa. Monosaccharide composition analysis evidenced that PKP-1 was composed of galactose, glucose and fructose in a molar ratio of 0.8 %:7.2 %:92.0 %. Glycosidic linkage and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis revealed that PKP-1 exhibited a primary sugar residue linkage of →1-β-d-Fruf-2→2,6-β-d-Fruf-1→, where β-d-Fruf-2→ acts as the side chain and links to the C-6 position of →2,6-β-d-Fruf-1→. In vitro antioxidant activity assays demonstrated that PKP-1 enhanced the mitigation of hepatic oxidative stress in HepG2 cells induced by free fatty acids. This effect was marked by increased enzymatic activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), along with elevated glutathione (GSH) levels. These findings indicate that PKP-1 could be used as a potential natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Huang
- South China Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanlan Chen
- South China Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yi Su
- South China Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wanqing Yuan
- South China Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dong Peng
- South China Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziwen Guan
- South China Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Li
- South China Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bing Du
- South China Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Kazemi S, Safari S, Komaki S, Karimi SA, Golipoor Z, Komaki A. The effects of carvacrol and p-cymene on Aβ 1-42 -induced long-term potentiation deficit in male rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14459. [PMID: 37727020 PMCID: PMC10916422 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in which oxidative stress plays an important role. In this disease, learning and memory and the cellular mechanism associated with it, long-term potentiation (LTP), are impaired. Considering the beneficial effects of carvacrol (CAR) and p-cymene against AD, their effect was assessed on in vivo hippocampal LTP in the perforant pathway (PP)-dentate gyrus (DG) pathway in an Aβ1-42 -induced rat model of AD. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: sham: intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of phosphate-buffered saline, Aβ: ICV Aβ1-42 injections, Aβ + CAR (50 mg/kg), Aβ + p-cymene (50 mg/kg), and Aβ + CAR + p-cymene. Administration of CAR and p-cymene was done by gavage daily 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after the Aβ injection. The population spike (PS) amplitude and field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) slope were determined in DG against the applied stimulation to the PP. RESULTS Aβ-treated rats exhibited impaired LTP induction in the PP-DG synapses, resulting in significant reduction in both fEPSP slope and PS amplitude compared to the sham animals. Aβ-treated rats consumed either CAR or p-cymene separately (but not their combination), and showed an enhancement in fEPSP slope and PS amplitude of the DG granular cells. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that CAR or p-cymene can ameliorate Aβ-associated changes in synaptic plasticity. Surprisingly, the combination of CAR and p-cymene did not yield the same effect, suggesting a potential interaction between the two substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahifeh Kazemi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Samaneh Safari
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Student Research CommitteeHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Somayeh Komaki
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Seyed Asaad Karimi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Zoleikha Golipoor
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of MedicineGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
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Mladenov M, Lubomirov L, Grisk O, Avtanski D, Mitrokhin V, Sazdova I, Keremidarska-Markova M, Danailova Y, Nikolaev G, Konakchieva R, Gagov H. Oxidative Stress, Reductive Stress and Antioxidants in Vascular Pathogenesis and Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051126. [PMID: 37237992 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on the mechanisms that regulate health, disease and aging redox status, the signal pathways that counteract oxidative and reductive stress, the role of food components and additives with antioxidant properties (curcumin, polyphenols, vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, etc.), and the role of the hormones irisin and melatonin in the redox homeostasis of animal and human cells. The correlations between the deviation from optimal redox conditions and inflammation, allergic, aging and autoimmune responses are discussed. Special attention is given to the vascular system, kidney, liver and brain oxidative stress processes. The role of hydrogen peroxide as an intracellular and paracrine signal molecule is also reviewed. The cyanotoxins β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), cylindrospermopsin, microcystins and nodularins are introduced as potentially dangerous food and environment pro-oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitko Mladenov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Lubomir Lubomirov
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Olaf Grisk
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Dimiter Avtanski
- Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Vadim Mitrokhin
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Iliyana Sazdova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Keremidarska-Markova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yana Danailova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Nikolaev
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rossitza Konakchieva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hristo Gagov
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Byun K, Oh S, Batsukh S, Kim MJ, Lee JH, Park HJ, Chung MS, Son KH, Byun K. The Extracellular Matrix Vitalizer RATM Increased Skin Elasticity by Modulating Mitochondrial Function in Aged Animal Skin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:694. [PMID: 36978943 PMCID: PMC10044720 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction result in skin aging by increasing ECM levels-degrading proteins such as MMPs, and decreasing collagen synthesis. MMPs also destroy the basement membrane, which is involved in skin elasticity. The extracellular matrix vitalizer RATM (RA) contains various antioxidants and sodium hyaluronate, which lead to skin rejuvenation. We evaluated whether RA decreases oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, eventually increasing skin elasticity in aged animals. Oxidative stress was assessed by assaying NADPH oxidase activity, which is involved in ROS generation, and the expression of SOD, which removes ROS. NADPH oxidase activity was increased in aged skin and decreased by RA injection. SOD expression was decreased in aged skin and increased by RA injection. Damage to mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial fusion markers was increased in aged skin and decreased by RA. The levels of mitochondrial biogenesis markers and fission markers were decreased in aged skin and increased by RA. The levels of NF-κB/AP-1 and MMP1/2/3/9 were increased in aged skin and decreased by RA. The levels of TGF-β, CTGF, and collagen I/III were decreased in aged skin and increased by RA. The expression of laminin and nidogen and basement membrane density were decreased in aged skin and increased by RA. RA increased collagen fiber accumulation and elasticity in aged skin. In conclusion, RA improves skin rejuvenation by decreasing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in aged skin.
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Proskurnina E, Martynov D, Yakushkin A, Zelenkova I. Non-enzymatic antioxidant blood plasma profile in the period of high training loads in elite speed skaters at the altituda. Sports Medicine and Health Science 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
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Bernardo VS, Torres FF, de Paula CP, da Silva JPMO, de Almeida EA, da Cunha AF, da Silva DGH. Potential Cytoprotective and Regulatory Effects of Ergothioneine on Gene Expression of Proteins Involved in Erythroid Adaptation Mechanisms and Redox Pathways in K562 Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13. [PMID: 36553634 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the importance of ergothioneine (ERT) in the erythroid adaptation mechanisms by appraising the expression levels of redox-related genes associated with the PI3K/AKT/FoxO3 and Nrf2-ARE pathways using K562 cells induced to erythroid differentiation and H2O2-oxidative stress. Cell viability and gene expression were evaluated. Two concentrations of ERT were assessed, 1 nM (C1) and 100 µM (C2), with and without stress induction (100 µM H2O2). Assessments were made in three periods of the cellular differentiation process (D0, D2, and D4). The C1 treatment promoted the induction of FOXO3 (D0 and 2), PSMB5, and 6 expressions (D4); C1 + H2O2 treatment showed the highest levels of NRF2 transcripts, KEAP1 (D0), YWHAQ (D2 and 4), PSMB5 (D2) and PSMB6 (D4); and C2 + H2O2 (D2) an increase in FOXO3 and MST1 expression, with a decrease of YWHAQ and NRF2 was observed. in C2 + H2O2 (D2) an increase in FOXO3 and MST1, with a decrease in YWHAQ and NRF2 was observed All ERT treatments increased gamma-globin expression. Statistical multivariate analyzes highlighted that the Nrf2-ARE pathway presented a greater contribution in the production of PRDX1, SOD1, CAT, and PSBM5 mRNAs, whereas the PI3K/AKT/FoxO3 pathway was associated with the PRDX2 and TRX transcripts. In conclusion, ERT presented a cytoprotective action through Nrf2 and FoxO3, with the latter seeming to contribute to erythroid proliferation/differentiation.
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Pizarro Meléndez GP, Valero-Jara V, Acevedo-Hernández P, Thomas-Valdés S. Impact of polyphenols on stress and anxiety: a systematic review of molecular mechanisms and clinical evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2340-2357. [PMID: 36154755 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2122925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mental health is a global public concern that contributes raising disability and premature death. Anxiety undertakes around 3.6% of the global population, while psychological stress is a condition associated to anxiety with a prevalence of 36.5%. Treatment for both mental conditions consist mainly of psychological therapy and pharmacotherapy, but the long-term drugs use can trigger adverse effects. Growing evidence shows the effect of specific food compounds on stress and anxiety treatment. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the molecular mechanisms related to dietary polyphenols administration from food matrix (considering food, juices or herbal/food extracts) and their effects on stress and/or anxiety, as well as review the available clinical evidence. Search was based on PRISMA Guidelines using peer-reviewed journal articles sourced from PubMed and Web of Science. A total of 38 articles were considered as eligible. The major effects for anxiety management were: reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation; HPA axis modulation; and regulation of some serotonergic/adrenergic pathways. There is a very limited evidence to conclude about the real effect of dietary polyphenols on stress. Although pharmacological treatment for mood disorders is essential, alternative therapies are necessary using non-pharmacological compounds to improve the long-term treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviana Valero-Jara
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias e Ingeniería para la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Paula Acevedo-Hernández
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Samanta Thomas-Valdés
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
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Moslemi E, Dehghan P, Khani M. The effect of date seed (Phoenix dactylifera) supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress biomarkers, and performance in active people: A blinded randomized controlled trial protocol. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 28:100951. [PMID: 35769196 PMCID: PMC9234073 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an efficient training method to improve vascular function, maximal oxygen consumption, and muscle mitochondrial capacity while maximizing muscular damage. Recently, functional foods have been considered a practical approach to avoiding HIIT damage and improving sports performance. Thus, the present study will evaluate the effectiveness of date seed powder as a functional food on the nutritional, oxidative stress, anti/inflammatory status, mental health, and performance of active people. Methods This study is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, which will be conducted among recreational runners at Tabriz stadiums, Iran. Thirty-six recreational runners will be randomly selected into two groups to consume 26 g/d date seed powder or placebo for 14 days. Both groups will do HIIT workouts. Body composition, food intake, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), uric acid, protein carbonyl (PC), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-6/IL-10, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myoglobin (MYO), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), irisin, cortisol, muscle pain, aerobic and anaerobic performance will be evaluated at the beginning, end of the intervention and 24 h later. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of TBZMED (No.IR.TBZMED.REC.1399.1011). This research's findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website (www.IRCT.ir/, IRCT20150205020965N9). Date seed powder may have the potential to improve exercise performance in healthy and active subjects performing HIIT bouts. The date seed is known as an excellent functional food due to its being high in polyphenols, and total dietary fiber. The consumption of date seed powder would improve oxidative stress, inflammation, mental health and performance. The results of this trial can be used to provide evidence-based recommendations for recreational runners, and nutritionists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Moslemi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Corresponding author. Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Khani
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Zorina A, Zorin V, Kudlay D, Kopnin P. Molecular Mechanisms of Changes in Homeostasis of the Dermal Extracellular Matrix: Both Involutional and Mediated by Ultraviolet Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6655. [PMID: 35743097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a multi-factorial process that affects nearly every aspect of skin biology and function. With age, an impairment of structures, quality characteristics, and functions of the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) occurs in the skin, which leads to disrupted functioning of dermal fibroblasts (DFs), the main cells supporting morphofunctional organization of the skin. The DF functioning directly depends on the state of the surrounding collagen matrix (CM). The intact collagen matrix ensures proper adhesion and mechanical tension in DFs, which allows these cells to maintain collagen homeostasis while ECM correctly regulates cellular processes. When the integrity of CM is destroyed, mechanotransduction is disrupted, which is accompanied by impairment of DF functioning and destruction of collagen homeostasis, thereby contributing to the progression of aging processes in skin tissues. This article considers in detail the processes of skin aging and associated changes in the skin layers, as well as the mechanisms of these processes at the molecular level.
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12
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Zorina A, Zorin V, Kudlay D, Kopnin P. Age-Related Changes in the Fibroblastic Differon of the Dermis: Role in Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116135. [PMID: 35682813 PMCID: PMC9181700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a multi-factorial process that affects nearly every aspect of skin biology and function. The processes developing in the skin during aging are based on fundamental molecular mechanisms associated with fibroblasts, the main cellular population of the dermis. It has been revealed that the amount of fibroblasts decreases markedly with age and their functional activity is also reduced. This inevitably leads to a decrease in the regenerative abilities of the skin and the progression of its aging. In this review we consider the mechanisms underlying these processes, mainly the changes observed with age in the stem/progenitor cells that constitute the fibroblastic differon of the dermis and form their microenvironment (niches). These changes lead to the depletion of stem cells, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the number of differentiated (mature) dermal fibroblasts responsible for the production of the dermal extracellular matrix and its remodeling. We also describe in detail DNA damages, their cellular and systemic consequences, molecular mechanisms of DNA damage response, and also the role of fibroblast senescence in skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Zorina
- Human Stem Cells Institute, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.Z.)
| | - Vadim Zorin
- Human Stem Cells Institute, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.Z.)
| | - Dmitry Kudlay
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Pavel Kopnin
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Oncology Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-49-9324-1739
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13
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Wang W, Wang X, Cao S, Duan Y, Xu C, Gan D, He W. Dietary Antioxidant Indices in Relation to All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Adults With Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:849727. [PMID: 35600816 PMCID: PMC9116439 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.849727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential beneficial effect of individual antioxidants on mortality has been reported. However, the association of overall intakes of dietary antioxidants with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults with diabetes remained unclear. Methods A total of 4,699 US adults with diabetes were enrolled in 2003–2014 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and followed for mortality until 31 December 2015. The Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score (DAQS) and the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI), which indicate the total antioxidant properties, were calculated based on the intakes of vitamins A, C, E, zinc, selenium, and magnesium. The Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the associations of the DAQS or the DAI with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Results A total of 913 deaths occurred during 27,735 person-years of follow-up, including 215 deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 173 deaths due to cancer. The higher intakes of antioxidant vitamins A, E, magnesium, and selenium were associated with lower all-cause mortality. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) comparing the highest DAQS (5–6) to the lowest DAQS (0–2) were 0.70 (0.53–0.92) for all-cause mortality, 0.56 (0.35–0.90) for CVD mortality, and 0.59 (0.33–1.04) for cancer mortality. Consistent inverse associations were found between the DAI and mortality. Conclusion Higher intake of overall dietary antioxidants was associated with lower risk of death from all-cause and CVD in adults with diabetes. Future dietary intervention studies are needed to determine whether increasing overall antioxidant micronutrients intake could prevent premature death among adults with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiling Cao
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiting Duan
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengquan Xu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da Gan
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei He
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Piano I, Corsi F, Polini B, Gargini C. Nutraceutical Molecules Slow Down Retinal Degeneration, in Tvrm4 Mice a Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa, by Genetic Modulation of Anti-oxidant Pathway. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:868750. [PMID: 35516813 PMCID: PMC9063314 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.868750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodopsin (RHO) mutations are responsible for 25–40% of the dominant cases of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) with different severity and progression rates. The Tvrm4 mice, heterozygous for an I307N dominant mutation of RHO, display a normal retinal phenotype when raised in ambient light conditions, but undergo photoreceptor degeneration when briefly exposed to strong white light. Here, The Tvrm4 mice is pre-treated with naringenin 100 mg/kg/die, quercetin 100 mg/kg/die, naringenin 50 + quercercetin 100 mg/kg/die or vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO 0.025%) in the drinking water for 35 days. On the 30th day, retinal degeneration was induced by exposure for 1 min to the white light of 12,000 lux intensity, and the treatment was repeated for another 5 days. At the end of the protocol retinal functionality was tested by recording an electroretinogram (ERG). The retinal tissue was collected and was used for further analyses, including immunohistochemically, biochemical, and molecular biology assays. The data obtained show that treatment with nutraceutical molecules is effective in counteracting retinal degeneration by preserving the functionality of photoreceptors and increasing the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways of retinal cells. The present data confirm that nutraceutical molecules are effective in slowing photoreceptor degeneration in a mutation-independent way by modulating the antioxidant response of the retina at the gene expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Piano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ilaria Piano,
| | | | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Gargini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Nutraceutical Research and Nutrition or Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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15
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Jîtcă G, Ősz BE, Tero-Vescan A, Miklos AP, Rusz CM, Bătrînu MG, Vari CE. Positive Aspects of Oxidative Stress at Different Levels of the Human Body: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030572. [PMID: 35326222 PMCID: PMC8944834 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the subject of numerous studies, most of them focusing on the negative effects exerted at both molecular and cellular levels, ignoring the possible benefits of free radicals. More and more people admit to having heard of the term "oxidative stress", but few of them understand the meaning of it. We summarized and analyzed the published literature data in order to emphasize the importance and adaptation mechanisms of basal oxidative stress. This review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying the positive effects of oxidative stress, highlighting these effects, as well as the risks for the population consuming higher doses than the recommended daily intake of antioxidants. The biological dose-response curve in oxidative stress is unpredictable as reactive species are clearly responsible for cellular degradation, whereas antioxidant therapies can alleviate senescence by maintaining redox balance; nevertheless, excessive doses of the latter can modify the redox balance of the cell, leading to a negative outcome. It can be stated that the presence of oxidative status or oxidative stress is a physiological condition with well-defined roles, yet these have been insufficiently researched and explored. The involvement of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of some associated diseases is well-known and the involvement of antioxidant therapies in the processes of senescence, apoptosis, autophagy, and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis cannot be denied. All data in this review support the idea that oxidative stress is an undesirable phenomenon in high and long-term concentrations, but regular exposure is consistent with the hormetic theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Jîtcă
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (G.J.); (C.E.V.)
| | - Bianca E. Ősz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (G.J.); (C.E.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (A.T.-V.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Amalia Pușcaș Miklos
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (A.T.-V.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Carmen-Maria Rusz
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (C.-M.R.); (M.-G.B.)
| | - Mădălina-Georgiana Bătrînu
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (C.-M.R.); (M.-G.B.)
| | - Camil E. Vari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (G.J.); (C.E.V.)
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16
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Costello L, Dicolandrea T, Tasseff R, Isfort R, Bascom C, von Zglinicki T, Przyborski S. Tissue engineering strategies to bioengineer the ageing skin phenotype in vitro. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13550. [PMID: 35037366 PMCID: PMC8844123 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin ageing is a complex and heterogeneous process, which is influenced by genetically determined intrinsic factors and accelerated by cumulative exposure to extrinsic stressors. In the current world ageing demographic, there is a requirement for a bioengineered ageing skin model, to further the understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms of skin ageing, and provide a distinct and biologically relevant platform for testing actives and formulations. There have been many recent advances in the development of skin models that recapitulate aspects of the ageing phenotype in vitro. This review encompasses the features of skin ageing, the molecular mechanisms that drive the ageing phenotype, and tissue engineering strategies that have been utilised to bioengineer ageing skin in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan Tasseff
- Procter and Gamble Mason Business Center Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Robert Isfort
- Procter and Gamble Mason Business Center Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Charlie Bascom
- Procter and Gamble Mason Business Center Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences Durham University Durham UK
- Reprocell Europe Glasgow, Durham UK
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17
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Lewicka M, Zawadzka M, Henrykowska G, Rutkowski M, Buczyński A. The antioxidant effects of melatonin in blood platelets during exposure to electromagnetic radiation – an in vitro study. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021; 75:889-95. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The article presents the results of an in vitro study aimed at identifying changes in parameters of oxidative stress – concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and protective antioxidant role of melatonin (MLT) during the exposure of blood platelets to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by monitors.
Methods
Platelets were exposed to an EMR for 30- and 60 min. generated by monitors (1 kHz frequency, 220 V/m intensity). In each sample the level of SOD-1 activity and concentration of MDA were determined.
Results
The MDA concentration increased significantly after 30-and 60-min. irradiation, as compared to control values (2.53 vs 1.36; 3.64 vs 1.36 nmol/109 blood platelets) and after the addition of MLT it decreased (2.53 vs 1.55; 3.64 vs 1.12 nmol/109 blood platelets). The activity of SOD-1 increased significantly compared to control values after 30 min. and 60 min. of exposure to EMR (1.97vs 0.75; 2.08 vs 0.75 U/g of protein), and significantly decreased after the addition of MLT only in samples exposed for 60 min. (2.08 vs 0.95 U/g of protein).
Discussion
The results demonstrated the possibly negative effect of EMR on oxygen metabolism of blood platelets and indicated a possible protective role of melatonin in this process.
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18
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Lyublinskaya O, Kornienko J, Ivanova J, Pugovkina N, Alekseenko L, Lyublinskaya E, Tyuryaeva I, Smirnova I, Grinchuk T, Shorokhova M, Krasnenko A, Plotnikov N, Nikolsky N. Induction of Premature Cell Senescence Stimulated by High Doses of Antioxidants Is Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11851. [PMID: 34769282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that high doses of several substances with antioxidant capacities (Tempol, resveratrol, diphenyleneiodonium) can cause genotoxic stress and induce premature senescence in the human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here, using whole-transcriptome analysis, we revealed the signs of endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) in MSCs stressed with Tempol and resveratrol. In addition, we found the upregulation of genes, coding the UPR downstream target APC/C, and E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulate the stability of cell cycle proteins. We performed the molecular analysis, which further confirmed the untimely degradation of APC/C targets (cyclin A, geminin, and Emi1) in MSCs treated with antioxidants. Human fibroblasts responded to antioxidant applications similarly. We conclude that endoplasmic reticulum stress and impaired DNA synthesis regulation can be considered as potential triggers of cell damage and premature senescence stimulated by high-dose antioxidant treatments.
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19
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Zhao Y, Liu S, Sheng Z, Li X, Chang Y, Dai W, Chang SK, Liu J, Yang Y. Effect of pinolenic acid on oxidative stress injury in HepG2 cells induced by H 2O 2. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5689-5697. [PMID: 34646537 PMCID: PMC8498045 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect and mechanism of pinolenic acid (PNA) on H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury in HepG2 cells. Methods: PNA was used to regulate oxidative stress injury of HepG2 cells induced by H2O2. Quantification of cell survival rate, accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression levels of anti-oxidation-related genes were determined using MTT, fluorescent probe technology (DCFH-DA), and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain technology (qRT-PCR) method, respectively. Meanwhile, the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes was determined by biochemical methods. The results showed that PNA improved the survival rate of HepG2 cells induced by H2O2 (29.59%, high-dose group), reduced the accumulation of intracellular ROS (65.52%, high-dose group), and reduced the level of intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA; 65.52%, high-dose group). All these results were dose-dependent, which indicated that PNA can improve oxidative stress damage of cells. Furthermore, the mechanism of PNA regulating oxidative stress was investigated from the gene level. Results showed that under supplementation of PNA, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) had been improved (39.74%, 17.58%, and 23.83%, high-dose group). Further studies on gene expression which controls the activity of antioxidant enzymes showed that under the regulation of PNA, the expression level of Keap1 gene was decreased, while Nrf2 gene was increased. The expression levels of HO-1 and NQO1 in the downstream of Nrf2 were increased. Results indicated that under the regulation of PNA, Nrf2 was separated from Keap1, entered the nucleus, bound to ARE, and up-regulated the expression levels of HO-1 and NQO1 genes. Conclusion: PNA has a conspicuous improvement effect on oxidative stress damage induced by H2O2 in HepG2 cells. We also found the antioxidant mechanisms of PNA where it protected cells from oxidative stress damage by causing nuclear translocation of Nrf2 gene and up-regulated the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes in the downstream. This shows that PNA prevented oxidative stress by mediating the Keap1/Nrf2 transcriptional pathway and down-regulating enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Sainan Liu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zhili Sheng
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xue Li
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yanan Chang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Weichang Dai
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic ImprovementKey Laboratory of Post‐Harvest Handling of FruitsMinistry of AgricultureSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Junmei Liu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yuchun Yang
- Forestry Academy of Jilin ProvinceChangchunChina
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20
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Lloret A, Esteve D, Lloret MA, Monllor P, López B, León JL, Cervera-Ferri A. Is Oxidative Stress the Link Between Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, Sleep Disruption, and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease? Front Physiol 2021; 12:708061. [PMID: 34512381 PMCID: PMC8424010 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.708061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an early occurrence in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and one of its proposed etiologic hypotheses. There is sufficient experimental evidence supporting the theory that impaired antioxidant enzymatic activity and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) take place in this disease. However, the antioxidant treatments fail to stop its advancement. Its multifactorial condition and the diverse toxicological cascades that can be initiated by ROS could possibly explain this failure. Recently, it has been suggested that cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) contributes to the onset of AD. Oxidative stress is a central hallmark of CSVD and is depicted as an early causative factor. Moreover, data from various epidemiological and clinicopathological studies have indicated a relationship between CSVD and AD where endothelial cells are a source of oxidative stress. These cells are also closely related to oligodendrocytes, which are, in particular, sensitive to oxidation and lead to myelination being compromised. The sleep/wake cycle is another important control in the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of oligodendrocytes, and sleep loss reduces myelin thickness. Moreover, sleep plays a crucial role in resistance against CSVD, and poor sleep quality increases the silent markers of this vascular disease. Sleep disruption is another early occurrence in AD and is related to an increase in oxidative stress. In this study, the relationship between CSVD, oligodendrocyte dysfunction, and sleep disorders is discussed while focusing on oxidative stress as a common occurrence and its possible role in the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lloret
- INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Esteve
- INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Lloret
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Monllor
- INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña López
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis León
- Departament of Neuroradiology, Ascires Biomedical Group, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Cervera-Ferri
- Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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21
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Primožič J, Poljšak B, Jamnik P, Kovač V, Čanadi Jurešić G, Spalj S. Risk Assessment of Oxidative Stress Induced by Metal Ions Released from Fixed Orthodontic Appliances during Treatment and Indications for Supportive Antioxidant Therapy: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1359. [PMID: 34572993 PMCID: PMC8471328 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances could have an important role in the induction of oxidative stress and associated negative consequences. Because of the simultaneous effects of corrosion, deformation, friction, and mechanical stress on fixed orthodontic appliances during treatment, degradation of orthodontic brackets and archwires occurs, causing higher concentrations of metal ions in the oral cavity. Corroded appliances cause the release of metal ions, which may lead to the increased values of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to metal-catalyzed free radical reactions. Chromium, iron, nickel, cobalt, titanium, and molybdenum all belong to the group of transition metals that can be subjected to redox reactions to form ROS. The estimation of health risk due to the amount of heavy metals released and the level of selected parameters of oxidative stress generated for the time of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances is presented. Approaches to avoid oxidative stress and recommendations for the preventive use of topical or systemic antioxidants during orthodontic treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Primožič
- Department of Orthodontics and Jaw Orthopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Borut Poljšak
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Polona Jamnik
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Vito Kovač
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Gordana Čanadi Jurešić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Stjepan Spalj
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
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Abstract
Oxidative stress, the imbalance of the antioxidant system, results in an accumulation of neurotoxic proteins in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The antioxidant system is composed of exogenous and endogenous antioxidants to maintain homeostasis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an endogenous enzymatic antioxidant that converts superoxide ions to hydrogen peroxide in cells. SOD supplementation in mice prevented cognitive decline in stress-induced cells by reducing lipid peroxidation and maintaining neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Furthermore, SOD decreased expression of BACE1 while reducing plaque burden in the brain. Additionally, Astaxanthin (AST), a potent exogenous carotenoid, scavenges superoxide anion radicals. Mice treated with AST showed slower memory decline and decreased depositions of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau protein. Currently, the neuroprotective potential of these supplements has only been examined separately in studies. However, a single antioxidant cannot sufficiently resist oxidative damage to the brain, therefore, a combinatory approach is proposed as a relevant therapy for ameliorating pathological changes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology (ISET) Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
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23
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Alghadir AH, Gabr SA, Anwer S, Li H. Associations between vitamin E, oxidative stress markers, total homocysteine levels, and physical activity or cognitive capacity in older adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12867. [PMID: 34145349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the associations between vitamin E, oxidative stress markers, total homocysteine levels, and physical activity or cognitive capacity in older adults. One hundred and six older adults (62 men, 44 women) within the age range of 56-81 years participated. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment were used to assess physical activity and cognitive function, respectively. Vitamin E (e.g., α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol), oxidative stress markers (e.g., total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide), and total homocysteine were estimated. There were significant associations between physical activity (high versus moderate versus poor) and all biomarkers (all p = 0.000, and p = 0.010 for γ-tocopherol). While total homocysteine and total antioxidant capacity were significantly associated with cognitive capacity (p = 0.000), vitamin E levels (e.g., α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol) and nitric oxide (p = 0.354, 0.103 and 0.060, respectively) were not related to cognitive capacity in older adults. This study concludes that physical activity was associated with Vitamin E, oxidative stress markers, total homocysteine, and cognitive capacity in older adults. Although cognitive capacity was associated with total homocysteine and total antioxidant capacity, it was unrelated to vitamin E levels and nitric oxide in older adults.
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Seyidoğlu N, Köşeli E, Gurbanlı R, Aydın C. The Preventive Role of Spirulina Platensis ( Arthrospira Platensis) in Immune and Oxidative Insults in a Stress-induced Rat Model. J Vet Res 2021; 65:193-200. [PMID: 34250304 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a balance between oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and immune response. Their roles in physiological and behavioural mechanisms are important for the maintenance of the organism's internal equilibrium. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of the exogenous alga Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis) in a stress-induced rat model, and to describe its possible mechanism of action. Material and Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague Dawley rats were separated into four groups: control (C), stress (S), S. platensis (Sp), and S. platensis + stress (SpS). The rats in groups Sp and SpS were fed with 1,500 mg/kg b.w./day Spirulina platensis for 28 days. All rats were exposed to prolonged light phase conditions (18 h light : 6 h dark) for 14 days. The SpS and S groups were exposed to stress by being kept isolated and in a crowded environment. Blood samples were obtained by puncturing the heart on the 28th day. The effect of stress on serum corticosterone, oxidative stress markers (TOS, TAC, PON1, OSI) and immunological parameters (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-ɣ) were tested. Also, the brain, heart, intestines (duodenum, ileum, and colon), kidney, liver, spleen, and stomach of the rats were weighed. Results Serum corticosterone levels were higher in the S group than in the C group, and significantly lower in the SpS group than in the S group. Mean total antioxidant capacity were lower in the S group than in the C group, and Spirulina reversed this change. Although not significantly different, IL-2 was lower in the S group than in the C group. However, in the SpS group, IL-2 increased due to Spirulina platensis mitigating effects of stress. Conclusion Male rats fed a diet with Spirulina platensis could experience significantly milder physiological changes during stress, although stress patterns may be different. Exogenous antioxidant supplements merit further investigation in animals and humans where the endogenous defence mechanism against stress may not be sufficient.
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Gomes P, Quirós-Guerrero L, Muribeca A, Reis J, Pamplona S, Lima AH, Trindade M, Silva C, Souza JNS, Boutin J, Wolfender JL, Silva M. Constituents of Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene Leaves with Potent Antioxidant Capacity: A Feature-Based Molecular Network Dereplication Approach. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:681. [PMID: 34068527 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene (Fabaceae/Caesalpiniaceae) is a herbaceous plant that is widely distributed throughout the Americas. Plants from this genus have been used in traditional medicine as a laxative, to heal wounds, and to treat ulcers, snake and scorpion bites. In the present study, we investigated the chemical composition of Chamaecrista diphylla leaves through a mass spectrometry molecular network approach. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) for the ethanolic extract, enriched fractions and isolated compounds was assessed. Overall, thirty-five compounds were annotated for the first time in C. diphylla. Thirty-two of them were reported for the first time in the genus. The isolated compounds 9, 12, 24 and 33 showed an excellent antioxidant capacity, superior to the extract and enriched fractions. Bond dissociation energy calculations were performed to explain and sustain the antioxidant capacity found. According to our results, the leaves of C. diphylla represent a promising source of potent antioxidant compounds.
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Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is likely the most common preventable cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consequently, inexpensive interventional strategies for preventing CS-related diseases would positively impact health systems. Inhaled CS is a powerful inflammatory stimulus and produces a shift in the normal balance between antioxidants and oxidants, inducing oxidative stress in both the respiratory system and throughout the body. This enduring and systemic pro-oxidative state within the body is reflected by increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers seen in smokers. Smokers might benefit from consuming antioxidant supplements, or a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, which can reduce the CS-related oxidative stress. This review provides an overview of the plasma profile of antioxidants observable in smokers and examines the heterogeneous literature to elucidate and discuss the effectiveness of interventional strategies based on antioxidant supplements or an antioxidant-rich diet to improve the health of smokers. An antioxidant-rich diet can provide an easy-to-implement and cost-effective preventative strategy to reduce the risk of CS-related diseases, thus being one of the simplest ways for smokers to stay in good health for as long as possible. The health benefits attributable to the intake of antioxidants have been observed predominantly when these have been consumed within their natural food matrices in an optimal antioxidant-rich diet, while these preventive effects are rarely achieved with the intake of individual antioxidants, even at high doses.
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Lim SH, Choi CI. Potentials of Raspberry Ketone as a Natural Antioxidant. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030482. [PMID: 33803859 PMCID: PMC8003299 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is closely linked to various diseases, and many studies have been conducted to determine how to reduce this stress. In particular, efforts are being made to find potential antioxidants from natural products. Studies have shown that raspberry ketone (RK; 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone) has various pharmacological activities. This review summarizes the antioxidant activities of RK and their underlying mechanisms. In several experimental models, it was proven that RK exhibits antioxidant properties through increasing total antioxidant capacity (TAC); upregulating antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); and improving lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, research about RK’s antioxidant activities is directly or indirectly related to its other various physiological activities. Further studies at the clinical level will be able to verify the value of RK as an effective antioxidant, functional health food, and therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Lim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea;
| | - Chang-Ik Choi
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5230
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Poljsak B, Kovač V, Milisav I. Antioxidants, Food Processing and Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030433. [PMID: 33799844 PMCID: PMC8001021 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss and/or modification of natural antioxidants during various food processing techniques and storage methods, like heat/thermal, UV, pulsed electric field treatment, drying, blanching and irradiation is well described. Antioxidants in their reduced form are modified mainly by oxidation, and less by pyrolysis and hydrolysis. Thus, they are chemically converted from the reduced to an oxidized form. Here we describe the neglected role of the oxidized forms of antioxidants produced during food processing and their effect on health. While natural antioxidants in their reduced forms have many well studied health-promoting characteristics, much less is known about the effects of their oxidized forms and other metabolites, which may have some health benefits as well. The oxidized forms of natural antioxidants affect cell signaling, the regulation of transcription factor activities and other determinants of gene expression. Very low doses may trigger hormesis, resulting in specific health benefits by the activation of damage repair processes and antioxidative defense systems. Functional studies determining the antioxidants’ effects on the organisms are important, especially as reduced or oxidized antioxidants and their metabolites may have additional or synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borut Poljsak
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (V.K.)
| | - Vito Kovač
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (V.K.)
| | - Irina Milisav
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (V.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-543-7022; Fax: +386-1-543-7021
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Tsiplakou E, Mitsiopoulou C, Karaiskou C, Simoni M, Pappas AC, Righi F, Sotirakoglou K, Labrou NE. Sesame Meal, Vitamin E and Selenium Influence Goats' Antioxidant Status. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:392. [PMID: 33807783 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impact of sesame meal, selenium (Se), and vitamin E (VitE) on goats’ oxidative status. Thirty mid-lactation crossbred goats were divided into five homogeneous groups, and were fed 1 kg of alfalfa hay and 1.2 kg of concentrates daily. The control group (C) received a basal diet. In the concentrates of the treated groups, 10% of the soybean meal was replaced by sesame meal and no extra VitE or Se (SM), or an extra 60 mg of VitE (SME), or 0.1 mg organic Se (SMSe), or their combination (60 mg VitE and 0,1 mg organic Se/kg of concentrate (SMESe). In the plasma of the goats, the dietary treatments did not affect glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, or the total antioxidant capacity. A reduction and a trend for lower protein carbonyls content was found in goats fed SM (p = 0.03) and SME (p = 0.06) compared to SMESe. In the milk, the lactoperoxidase activity decreased with SMSe and SMESe. A numerical decrease in the total antioxidant capacity and an increase in the MDA content in the milk of the SMESe group compared with the other treated groups was found. In mid-lactation goats, SM improves the oxidative status of both the organism and the milk.
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Zhu W, Fang T, Zhang W, Liang A, Zhang H, Zhang ZP, Zhang XE, Li F. A ROS scavenging protein nanocage for in vitro and in vivo antioxidant treatment. Nanoscale 2021; 13:4634-4643. [PMID: 33616146 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in the onset and progression of many diseases, e.g., virus infection, ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. ROS-scavenging nanomaterials have attracted particular interest. Here, we report the development of a natural protein nanocage named Dps for in vitro and in vivo antioxidant treatment by inhibiting the Fenton reaction, a critical step in ROS generation and interconversion. Systematic surface engineering enabled cell penetration, good colloidal stability, and facile purification of Dps. With its intrinsic ferroxidase activity consuming both H2O2 and Fe2+, Dps not only protects human cells from oxidative stress but also effectively alleviates ROS-induced inflammation in a mouse dermatitis model. The protection is triggered by elevated H2O2 and thereby, in principle, avoids ROS imbalances. Thus, Dps has potential as a new bionano platform for different purposes, such as antiaging, anti-inflammation and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ti Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Zhi-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China and National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Lin W, Shen P, Song Y, Huang Y, Tu S. Reactive Oxygen Species in Autoimmune Cells: Function, Differentiation, and Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635021. [PMID: 33717180 PMCID: PMC7946999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly contribute to biomacromolecule damage and influence various inflammatory responses. Reactive oxygen species act as mediator between innate and adaptive immune cells, thereby influencing the antigen-presenting process that results in T cell activation. Evidence from patients with chronic granulomatous disease and mouse models support the function of ROS in preventing abnormal autoimmunity; for example, by supporting maintenance of macrophage efferocytosis and T helper 1/T helper 2 and T helper 17/ regulatory T cell balance. The failure of many anti-oxidation treatments indicates that ROS cannot be considered entirely harmful. Indeed, enhancement of ROS may sometimes be required. In a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), absence of NOX2-derived ROS led to higher prevalence and more severe symptoms. In patients with RA, naïve CD4+ T cells exhibit inhibited glycolysis and enhanced pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity, leading to ROS exhaustion. In this "reductive" state, CD4+ T cell immune homeostasis is disrupted, triggering joint destruction, together with oxidative stress in the synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiji Lin
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Shen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqin Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hyun JE, Choi C, Lee SY. Synergistic effects of blue light-emitting diodes in combination with antimicrobials against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and their mode of action. J Photochem Photobiol B 2020; 213:112079. [PMID: 33202366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial effect of 460-470 nm light-emitting diodes illumination (460/470 LED) combined with various antimicrobials at inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 and identify the antibacterial mechanisms. When carvacrol, thymol, citric acid, malic acid, citrus fruit extract, 3% NaCl, or 5% NaCl was combined with 460/470 LED, there was a higher reduction in E. coli O157:H7 compared to 460/470 LED treatment or antimicrobials alone at 4 °C. Particularly, a marked synergistic effect (>8.74 log10 CFU/ml) was observed when 460/470 LED was combined with carvacrol, malic acid, citrus fruit extract, or 3% NaCl. Levels of intracellular ROS and lipid peroxidation of E. coli O157:H7 were higher in the combination of 460/470 LED and antimicrobials compared to individual treatments. Moreover, the combination treatment increased depolarization of the cell membrane leading to membrane damage as well as the loss of DNA integrity. Thus, adding antimicrobial treatment to 460/470 LED could improve its efficacy against pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Hyun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Ruta LL, Oprea E, Popa CV, Farcasanu IC. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lacking transcription factors Skn7 or Yap1 exhibit different susceptibility to cyanidin. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05352. [PMID: 33145450 PMCID: PMC7592074 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanidins – the aglycone moiety of anthocyanins – are responsible for the antioxidant traits and for many of the health benefits brought by the consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods, but whether excessive anthocyanidins are deleterious to living organisms is still a matter of debate. In the present study we used the model eukaryotic microorganism Saccharomyces cerevisiae to evaluate the potential toxicity of cyanidin, one of the most prevalent anthocyanidins found in berries, grapes, purple vegetables, and red wine. We found that yeast cells lacking the transcription factors responsible for regulating the response to oxidative stress – Skn7 and Yap1 – exhibited different sensitivities to cyanidin. Cells lacking the transcription factor Skn7 were sensitive to low concentrations of cyanidin, a trait that was augmented by exposure to visible light, notably blue or green light. In contrast, the growth of yeast cells devoid of Yap1 was stimulated by low concentrations, but it was impaired by high cyanidin exposure. High, but not low cyanidin was shown to induce Yap1 translocation from cytosol to nucleus, probably by generating reactive oxygen species such as H2O2. Taken together, these observation suggested that Skn7 and Yap1 have complementary roles in adaptation to cyanidin stress, with Skn7 involved in adaptation to low concentrations and with Yap1 responsible for adaptation to high concentrations of cyanidin. The results imply that caution is needed when utilizing cyanidin-enriched supplements, especially when in combination with prolonged exposure to visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Liliana Ruta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eliza Oprea
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudia Valentina Popa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Cornelia Farcasanu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Bagdas D, Gul Z, Meade JA, Cam B, Cinkilic N, Gurun MS. Pharmacologic Overview of Chlorogenic Acid and its Metabolites in Chronic Pain and Inflammation. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:216-228. [PMID: 31631820 PMCID: PMC7327949 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191021111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural phenolic compounds in medicinal herbs and dietary plants are antioxidants which play therapeutic or preventive roles in different pathological situations, such as oxidative stress and inflammation. One of the most studied phenolic compounds in the last decade is chlorogenic acid (CGA), which is a potent antioxidant found in certain foods and drinks. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive bioactivities of CGA, and the putative mechanisms of action are described. Ethnopharmacological reports related to these bioactivities are also reviewed. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted by authors up to October 2019. Original articles were selected. RESULTS CGA has been shown to reduce inflammation and modulate inflammatory and neuropathic pain in animal models. CONCLUSION The consensus of the literature search was that systemic CGA may facilitate pain management via bolstering antioxidant defenses against inflammatory insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Bagdas
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Zulfiye Gul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Julie A Meade
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Betul Cam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Cinkilic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mine Sibel Gurun
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Ruta LL, Farcasanu IC. Interaction between Polyphenolic Antioxidants and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells Defective in Heavy Metal Transport across the Plasma Membrane. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111512. [PMID: 33158278 PMCID: PMC7694260 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural polyphenols are compounds with important biological implications which include antioxidant and metal-chelating characteristics relevant for their antimicrobial, antitumor, or antiaging potential. The mechanisms linking polyphenols and heavy metals in their concerted actions on cells are not completely elucidated. In this study, we used the model eukaryotic microorganism Saccharomyces cerevisiae to detect the action of widely prevalent natural polyphenols on yeast cells defective in the main components involved in essential heavy metal transport across the plasma membrane. We found that caffeic and gallic acids interfered with Zn accumulation, causing delays in cell growth that were alleviated by Zn supplementation. The flavones morin and quercetin interfered with both Mn and Zn accumulation, which resulted in growth improvement, but supplemental Mn and especially Zn turned the initially benefic action of morin and quercetin into potential toxicity. Our results imply that caution is needed when administering food supplements or nutraceuticals which contain both natural polyphenols and essential elements, especially zinc.
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Rovcanin B, Jancic J, Pajic J, Rovcanin M, Samardzic J, Djuric V, Nikolic B, Ivancevic N, Novakovic I, Kostic V. Oxidative Stress Profile in Genetically Confirmed Cases of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:1070-1081. [PMID: 33095398 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the complex pathophysiology of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) are still insufficiently clarified. The role of oxidative stress as an etiological factor has been proposed and demonstrated in vitro, but without conclusive data that rely on clinical samples. The aim of the study was to evaluate and characterize the existence of oxidative stress in the plasma of LHON patients and healthy individuals. Whole mitochondrial genome sequencing has been performed in order to identify primary LHON mutations. For the assessment of oxidative stress, the following biomarkers were determined in plasma: total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI), while oxidative damage of cellular proteins was estimated by quantifying advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP). All three primary LHON mutations (m.3460G > A, m.11778G > A and m.14484 T > C) were identified as a genetic cause of the disease, where the most prevalent one was m.11778G > A. LHON patients have a highly significant increase of TOS and a marked decrease of TAS levels, which suggests the existence of substantial oxidative stress. OSI is high in LHON patients, which definitely implies the presence of redox imbalance. Elevated level of AOPP in LHON patients refers to the significant deleterious effects of oxidative stress on cellular proteins. Oxidative stress parameters do not significantly differ between LHON individuals with different primary mutations. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic LHON patients have an augmented level of oxidative stress which suggests that primary mutations exhibit a pro-oxidative phenotype. Gender and smoking habit significantly influence examined biochemical parameters when LHON patients are compared with the control group. Different mitochondrial haplogroups are characterized by altered levels of OSI in LHON group. The absence of physiological correlations between redox parameters reflects the deregulation of homeostatic oxidative/antioxidative balance in LHON patients. This is the greatest series of LHON patients that were evaluated for oxidative stress and the first case-controlled study that evaluated TOS, TAS, OSI, and AOPP and their influence on disease phenotype. It is evident that the presence of oxidative stress represents an important pathophysiological event in LHON and that it could potentially serve as a circulatory biomarker for a therapy efficacy understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Rovcanin
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Koste Todorovica 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. .,Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Koste Todorovica 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jasna Jancic
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Koste Todorovica 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.,Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Koste Todorovica 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic of Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Pajic
- Radiation Protection Department, Radiation Protection Center, Serbian Institute of Occupational Health Dr Dragomir Karajovic, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Rovcanin
- The Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic Narodni Front, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Janko Samardzic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Djuric
- Clinic of Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Blazo Nikolic
- Clinic of Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Ivancevic
- Clinic of Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Novakovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Kostic
- Clinic of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Iuga M, Mironeasa S. Potential of grape byproducts as functional ingredients in baked goods and pasta. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2473-2505. [PMID: 33336974 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wine making industry generates high quantities of valuable byproducts that can be used to enhance foods in order to diminish the environmental impact and to obtain more economic benefits. Grape byproducts are rich in phenolic compounds and dietary fiber, which make them suitable to improve the nutritional value of bakery, pastry, and pasta products. The viscoelastic behavior of dough and the textural and the sensory characteristics of baked goods and pasta containing grape byproducts depend on the addition level and particle size. Thus, an optimal dose of a finer grape byproducts flour must be found in order to minimize the negative effects such as low loaf volume and undesirable sensory and textural characteristics they may have on the final product quality. In the same time, an enrichment of the nutritional and functional value of the product by increasing the fiber and antioxidant compounds contents is desired. The aim of this review was to summarize the effects of the chemical components of grape byproducts on the nutritional, functional, rheological, textural, physical, and sensory characteristics of the baked goods and pasta. Further researches about the impact of foods enriched with grape byproducts on the human health, about molecular interactions between components, and about the effects of grape pomace compounds on the shelf life of baked goods and pasta are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Iuga
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
| | - Silvia Mironeasa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
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Dascalu Rusu LM, Moldovan M, Prodan D, Ciotlaus I, Popescu V, Baldea I, Carpa R, Sava S, Chifor R, Badea ME. Assessment and Characterization of Some New Photosensitizers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E3012. [PMID: 32640635 DOI: 10.3390/ma13133012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The novelty of this study consists on the formulation and evaluation of five complex experimental natural photosensitizers (PS): gel with oregano essential oil (O), gel with methylene blue (AM), gel with a mixture of essential oils (Thieves-H), gel with arnica oil and curcuma extract (CU) and gel with frankincense essential oil (T), used as photosensitizing agents (PS) in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the control of microbial biofilm in oral cavity. The experimental PS were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, cytotoxicity assay, antimicrobial effect and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The IR spectra of the experimental PS with essential oils exhibit absorption bands due to the presence of water and glycerol in high quantities. The studied compounds had a reduced cytotoxic effect on cell cultures. The lowest cytotoxic effect was observed in experimental PS with oregano essential oil and methylene blue PS. Essential oils with proven antibacterial capabilities used in experimental PS confer antibacterial activity to the gels in which they are incorporated, an activity that may be more efficient use of a PDT therapy. Single bacteria were detected mainly by SEM after 12 h, while aggregate bacteria and micro colonies dominated the samples at 48 h.
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Shin J, Song MH, Oh JW, Keum YS, Saini RK. Pro-Oxidant Actions of Carotenoids in Triggering Apoptosis of Cancer Cells: A Review of Emerging Evidence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E532. [PMID: 32560478 PMCID: PMC7346220 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are well known for their potent antioxidant function in the cellular system. However, in cancer cells with an innately high level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), carotenoids may act as potent pro-oxidant molecules and trigger ROS-mediated apoptosis. In recent years, the pro-oxidant function of several common dietary carotenoids, including astaxanthin, β-carotene, fucoxanthin, and lycopene, has been investigated for their effective killing effects on various cancer cell lines. Besides, when carotenoids are delivered with ROS-inducing cytotoxic drugs (e.g., anthracyclines), they can minimize the adverse effects of these drugs on normal cells by acting as antioxidants without interfering with their cytotoxic effects on cancer cells as pro-oxidants. These dynamic actions of carotenoids can optimize oxidative stress in normal cells while enhancing oxidative stress in cancer cells. This review discusses possible mechanisms of carotenoid-triggered ROS production in cancer cells, the activation of pro-apoptotic signaling by ROS, and apoptotic cell death. Moreover, synergistic actions of carotenoids with ROS-inducing anti-cancer drugs are discussed, and research gaps are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (J.S.); (J.-W.O.)
| | - Min-Ho Song
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (M.-H.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (J.S.); (J.-W.O.)
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (M.-H.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (M.-H.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
- Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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40
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Veridiano JM, Theodoro TR, Negrete BR, Petri G, da Silva Pinhal MA, de Toledo OMS. Distribution of heparan sulfate correlated with the expression of heparanase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in an ovariectomized rats skin. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1458-1466. [PMID: 32159248 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
There are few studies on heparan sulfate (HS) in the skin, during aging, when estrogen is suppressed. The enzyme heparanase-1 (HPSE-1), has its 17β-estrogen-regulated expression in pathological conditions such as cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases. HPSE-1 is correlated with the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an endopeptidase that also undergoes estrogen action. We investigated the distribution of HS, expression HPSE-1 and MMP-9 in the skin of adult rats at different ages and in the age-matched ovariectomized rats to evaluate the influence of low estrogen on the distribution of HS. Thirty female Wistar rats were used. Rats underwent to a sham surgery (ctr, n = 15) or to a bilateral ovariectomy (ovx, n = 15) and were euthanized after 45, 75, and 90 days after ovariectomy. Morphological, morphometric, biochemical, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methodologies were used. A significant decrease (P < 0.001) in total skin thickness was observed in the ctr and ovx animals, being higher in the older animals. The thickness of the epidermis and dermis decreased; however, the proportion in the total skin remained similar comparing ctr and ovx. An increase of HS with increasing age and ovariectomy was observed. The expression of the HPSE-1 and MMP-9 enzymes decreased, being higher in old animals. A correlation between the increase of HS and the decrease of the HPSE-1 was demonstrated in both groups. Overall, these data suggested that estrogen acts in the regulation of the expression of the HPSE-1, not only in pathological states, as already established, but also in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M Veridiano
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000 - Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo André, São Paulo, 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Thérèse R Theodoro
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000 - Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo André, São Paulo, 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Bárbara R Negrete
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000 - Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo André, São Paulo, 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Giuliana Petri
- Vivarium, Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000 - Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo André, São Paulo, 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Maria A da Silva Pinhal
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000 - Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo André, São Paulo, 09060-870, Brazil
| | - Olga Maria S de Toledo
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000 - Vila Sacadura Cabral, Santo André, São Paulo, 09060-870, Brazil
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Livny A, Schnaider Beeri M, Heymann A, Moshier E, Berman Y, Mamistalov M, Shahar DR, Tsarfaty G, Leroith D, Preiss R, Soleimani L, Silverman JM, Bendlin BB, Levy A, Ravona-Springer R. Vitamin E Intake Is Associated with Lower Brain Volume in Haptoglobin 1-1 Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 74:649-658. [PMID: 32065799 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The efficacy of vitamin E in prevention of diabetes-related complications differs by Haptoglobin (Hp) genotype. OBJECTIVE To examine the role of Hp genotype in the relationship of vitamin E intake with brain volume in cognitively normal elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Brain volumes for the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri and for the middle temporal gyrus were generated from structural T1 MRI in 181 study participants (Hp 1-1: n = 24, Hp 2-1: n = 77, Hp 2-2: n = 80). Daily vitamin E intake was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Analyses of covariance, controlling for demographic and cardiovascular variables was used to evaluate whether the association of daily vitamin E intake with brain volume was modified by Hp genotype. RESULTS Average age was 70.8 (SD = 4.2) with 40% females, and mean Mini-Mental State Examination score of 28.17 (SD = 1.90). A significant interaction was found between vitamin E intake and Hp genotype in inferior frontal gyrus' volume; p = 0.0108. For every 1 microgram increase in vitamin E intake, the volume of the inferior frontal gyrus decreased by 0.955% for Hp 1-1 (p = 0.0348), increased by 0.429% for Hp 2-1 (p = 0.0457), and by 0.077% for Hp 2-2 (p = 0.6318). There were no significant interactions between vitamin E intake and Hp genotype for the middle (p = 0.6011) and superior (p = 0.2025) frontal gyri or for the middle temporal gyrus (p = 0.503). CONCLUSIONS The effect of dietary vitamin E on the brain may differ by Hp genotype. Studies examining the impact of vitamin E on brain-related outcomes should consider Hp genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Livny
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Anthony Heymann
- Department of Family Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Maccabi Health Services, Israel
| | - Erin Moshier
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuval Berman
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Mary Mamistalov
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Galia Tsarfaty
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Derek Leroith
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Laili Soleimani
- The Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy M Silverman
- The Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew Levy
- Rambam Medical Center, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ramit Ravona-Springer
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Psychiatric Division, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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Kouka P, Tekos F, Papoutsaki Z, Stathopoulos P, Halabalaki M, Tsantarliotou M, Zervos I, Nepka C, Liesivuori J, Rakitskii VN, Tsatsakis A, Veskoukis AS, Kouretas D. Olive oil with high polyphenolic content induces both beneficial and harmful alterations on rat redox status depending on the tissue. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:421-432. [PMID: 32140426 PMCID: PMC7052070 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive oil (OO) possesses a predominant role in the diet of Mediterranean countries. According to a health claim approved by the European Food Safety Authority, OO protects against oxidative stress‑induced lipid peroxidation in human blood, when it contains at least 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives per 20 g. However, studies regarding the effects of a total OO biophenols on redox status in vivo are scarce and either observational and do not provide a holistic picture of their action in tissues. Following a series of in vitro screening tests an OO containing biophenols at 800 mg/kg of OO was administered for 14 days to male Wistar rats at a dose corresponding to 20 g OO/per day to humans. Our results showed that OO reinforced the antioxidant profile of blood, brain, muscle and small intestine, it induced oxidative stress in spleen, pancreas, liver and heart, whereas no distinct effects were observed in lung, colon and kidney. The seemingly negative effects of OO follow the recently formulated idea in toxicology, namely the real life exposure scenario. This study reports that OO, although considered a nutritional source rich in antioxidants, it exerts a tissues specific action when administered in vivo.
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Key Words
- Biophenols
- Blood
- CARB, protein carbonyls
- CAT, catalase
- GSH, glutathione
- HT, hydroxytyrosol
- OLEA, oleacein
- OLEO, oleocanthal
- OO, olive oil
- Olive oil
- Real life exposure scenario
- Redox status
- T, tyrosol
- TAC, total antioxidant capacity
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- Tissues
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kouka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Fotios Tekos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Zoi Papoutsaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Stathopoulos
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsantarliotou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zervos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charitini Nepka
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Valerii N. Rakitskii
- Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, F.F. Erisman, 2, Semashko Street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region 141014, Russia
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis S. Veskoukis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Abstract
Consumption of dietary supplements by millions of people is increasing [1]. Between 64 to 81% of cancer patients and survivors use multivitamin supplements after the cancer diagnosis [2]. The use of antioxidants during cancer therapy has been a hot topic in medical science for the last 20 years without clear answers and recommendations. It seems that antioxidants are able to I) decrease the cancer formation risk by quenching ROS that are involved in cancer initiation and progression and II) assist in survival of cancer/precancer cells once the malignant transformation already occurred. Antioxidants were shown to assist cancer initiation, interfere with cancer treatment by reducing its efficacy and patient survival, and vice versa, there are reports of beneficial antioxidant effect during the cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Poljsak
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - I Milisav
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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44
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Jaafar F, Durani LW, Makpol S. Chlorella vulgaris modulates the expression of senescence-associated genes in replicative senescence of human diploid fibroblasts. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:369-379. [PMID: 31642042 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) cultured in vitro have limited capacity to proliferate after population doubling is repeated several times, and they enter into a state known as replicative senescence or cellular senescence. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Chlorella vulgaris on the replicative senescence of HDFs by determining the expression of senescence-associated genes. Young and senescent HDFs were divided into untreated control and C. vulgaris-treated groups. A senescence-associated gene transcription analysis was carried out with qRT-PCR. Treatment of young HDFs with C. vulgaris reduced the expression of SOD1, CAT and CCS (p < 0.05). In addition, the expression of the SOD2 gene was increased with C. vulgaris treatment in young, pre-senescent and senescent HDFs (p < 0.05). Treatment of senescent HDFs with C. vulgaris resulted in the downregulation of TP53 gene expression. The expression of the CDKN2A gene was significantly decreased upon C. vulgaris treatment in young and senescent HDFs. C. vulgaris treatment was also found to significantly upregulate the expression of the MAPK14 gene in pre-senescent HDFs. In addition, the expression of MAPK14 was significantly upregulated compared to that in the untreated senescent HDFs (p < 0.05). In summary, the expression of senescence-associated genes related to antioxidants and the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling, DNA damage-associated signalling, cell differentiation and cell proliferation pathways was modulated by C. vulgaris during replicative senescence of human diploid fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizul Jaafar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lina Wati Durani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Ballance WC, Qin EC, Chung HJ, Gillette MU, Kong H. Reactive oxygen species-responsive drug delivery systems for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119292. [PMID: 31279098 PMCID: PMC7081518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and disorders seriously impact memory and cognition and can become life-threatening. Current medical techniques attempt to combat these detrimental effects mainly through the administration of neuromedicine. However, drug efficacy is limited by rapid dispersal of the drugs to off-target sites while the site of administration is prone to overdose. Many neuropathological conditions are accompanied by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the inflammatory response. Accordingly, ROS-responsive drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising solution. To guide intelligent and comprehensive design of ROS-responsive drug delivery systems, this review article discusses the two following topics: (1) the biology of ROS in both healthy and diseased nervous systems and (2) recent developments in ROS-responsive, drug delivery system design. Overall, this review article would assist efforts to make better decisions about designing ROS-responsive, neural drug delivery systems, including the selection of ROS-responsive functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Ballance
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ellen C Qin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hee Jung Chung
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Martha U Gillette
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Miller IP, Pavlović I, Poljšak B, Šuput D, Milisav I. Beneficial Role of ROS in Cell Survival: Moderate Increases in H 2O 2 Production Induced by Hepatocyte Isolation Mediate Stress Adaptation and Enhanced Survival. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E434. [PMID: 31581418 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to impairment of cell structure, biomolecules' loss of function and cell death and are associated with liver diseases. Cells that survive increased ROS often undergo malignant transformation. Many cancer cells tolerate high levels of ROS. Here we report a transiently increased production of H2O2 and concomitant upregulation of antioxidative enzymes triggered by hepatocyte isolation; the H2O2 levels revert in about two days in culture. Three-day survival rate of the isolated cells in the presence of 2.5-fold increase of H2O2 is almost 80%. Apoptosis activation through the mitochondrial pathway is meanwhile reduced by inhibition of caspase-9 triggering. This reduction depends on the amount of H2O2 production, as decreased production of H2O2 in the presence of an antioxidant results in increased apoptosis triggering. These stress adaptations do not influence urea production, which is unchanged throughout the normal and stress adapted phases. We conclude that hepatocytes' stress adaptation is mediated by increased ROS production. In this case, high ROS improve cell survival.
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Hung YT, Hanson AR, Urriola PE, Johnston LJ, Kerr BJ, Shurson GC. Addition of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) to maize oil reduces lipid oxidation but does not prevent reductions in serum vitamin E in nursery pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 31312446 PMCID: PMC6609342 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maize oil is abundantly used in foods and feeds and is highly susceptible to oxidation. Consequently, commercially available antioxidants should be evaluated for effectiveness against lipid oxidation in swine diets. Our study was conducted to evaluate growth performance of nursery pigs fed oxidized maize oil and to determine effects of using antioxidants on oxidative status in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Two hundred eight weaned pigs were blocked by initial BW into 13 blocks, resulting in 4 pigs per pen and 13 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included 6% unoxidized or oxidized maize oil, and 0 or 60 mg/kg of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), which was added after lipid oxidation. Data for growth performance were collected from 5 time periods of a two-phase feeding program (Phase 1 = d 0 to 12 and Phase 2 = d 13 to 34). Serum and liver samples were collected from one pig per pen, which had initial BW closest to average BW to determine oxidative status on d 34. Results Oxidized maize oil was heated for 12 h at 185 °C with 12 L/min of air, yielding a peroxide value (PV) of 5.98 mEq O2/kg and TBARS of 0.11 mg MDA eq/g. Addition of TBHQ to diets containing oxidized maize oil decreased PV by 37% and increased the oil stability index by 69%. Final BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F of pigs were not different among the four dietary treatments. However, pigs fed oxidized maize oil tended (P < 0.08) to increase hepatosomatic index by 5% compared with those fed unoxidized oil, and this was not affected by adding TBHQ. The serum vitamin E concentration of pigs fed oxidized maize oil was less (P < 0.03) than pigs fed unoxidized oil, but this reduction was not reversed by adding TBHQ. Finally, the serum and liver selenium concentration were not different among the treatments. Conclusions The addition of TBHQ did not affect growth performance and vitamin E status in pigs fed moderately oxidized maize oil, but TBHQ reduced lipid oxidation, enhanced the oil stability, and appeared to reduce oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan T Hung
- 1Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | | | - Pedro E Urriola
- 1Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Lee J Johnston
- 4West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN 56267 USA
| | - Brian J Kerr
- 3USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Gerald C Shurson
- 1Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
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48
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Abstract
The free radical theory of ageing (FRTA), presented by Denham Harman in 1950s, proposed that aerobic organisms age due to reactive oxygen species (ROS)/free radical induced damage that accumulates in cells over time. Since antioxidants can neutralize free radicals by electron donation, the most logical approach was to use them as supplements in order to prevent ageing. In this chapter, we will discuss the inability of antioxidant supplementation to improve health and longevity.Although many antioxidants are efficient free radical quenchers in vitro, their in vivo effects are less clear. Recent evidence from human trials implies that antioxidant supplements do not increase lifespan and can even increase the incidence of diseases. Synthetic antioxidants were unable to consistently prevent ROS-induced damage in vivo, possibly as dietary antioxidants may not act only as ROS scavengers. Antioxidants can have dichotomous roles on ROS production. They are easily oxidized and can act as oxidants to induce damage when present in large concentrations. In appropriate amounts, they can modulate cellular metabolism by induction of cell stress responses and/or activate cell damage repair and maintenance systems. Therefore, the antioxidants' beneficial role may be reversed/prevented by excessive amounts of antioxidant supplements. On the other hand, ROS are also involved in many important physiological processes in humans, such as induction of stress responses, pathogen defence, and systemic signalling. Thus, both "anti-oxidative or reductive stress" (the excess of antioxidants) as well as oxidative stress (the excess of ROS) can be damaging and contribute to the ageing processes.
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49
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Abstract
Microalgae represent a potential source of renewable nutrition and there is growing interest in algae-based dietary supplements in the form of whole biomass, e.g., Chlorella and Arthrospira, or purified extracts containing omega-3 fatty acids and carotenoids. The commercial production of bioactive compounds from microalgae is currently challenged by the biorefinery process. This review focuses on the biochemical composition of microalgae, the complexities of mass cultivation, as well as potential therapeutic applications. The advantages of open and closed growth systems are discussed, including common problems encountered with large-scale growth systems. Several methods are used for the purification and isolation of bioactive compounds, and many products from microalgae have shown potential as antioxidants and treatments for hypertension, among other health conditions. However, there are many unknown algal metabolites and potential impurities that could cause harm, so more research is needed to characterize strains of interest, improve overall operation, and generate safe, functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Barkia
- Department of Food Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Department of Food Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Schonna R Manning
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UTEX Culture Collection of Algae, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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50
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Kovac V, Poljsak B, Perinetti G, Primozic J. Systemic Level of Oxidative Stress during Orthodontic Treatment with Fixed Appliances. Biomed Res Int 2019; 2019:5063565. [PMID: 31240214 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5063565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the level of selected systemic oxidative stress parameters during the first week of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Fifty-four males with malocclusion and having a similar lifestyle were randomized using a computer based procedure and allocated to either the treatment group (TG; n=27;24.6 ± 1.7 years) or control group (CG; n=27;24.7 ± 1.7 years). Capillary blood was collected at baseline and 6 hours, 24 hours, and 7 days after archwire insertion. At the same time points, capillary blood was retrieved in the CG. In order to determine the oxidative stress, both the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and the antioxidative defense (AD) potential were measured using the ROS testing and oxygen free radicals defense (equivalent to antioxidant defense) testing, respectively, by a blinded operator. The ratio between ROS and AD (ROS/AD) was calculated and data were analyzed using nonparametric tests. No drop-outs or harms were detected. At baseline, neither ROS (1.54 [1.22; 2.12] and 1.74 [1.40; 2.01] for the TG and CG, respectively), AD (1.19 [0.66; 1.50] and 1.19 [0.57; 1.42] for the TG and CG, respectively), nor ROS/AD levels were significantly different (p>0.05). After 24 hours, the ROS level significantly increased in the TG (2.05 [1.71; 2.26]) and was higher compared to the CG ROS level (1.67 [1.29; 1.95]; p=0.025), while for the AD level, no marked between and within group differences were detected. A notable change of ROS/AD ratio was observed over time only within the TG (p=0.026). Moreover, a significantly higher ROS/AD ratio was detected 24 hours after archwire insertion in the TG compared to the CG (2.69 [1.44; 3.89] and 1.79 [1.45; 2.35], respectively), followed by a decrease. Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances might induce systemic oxidative stress in the short-term, since ROS levels and ROS/AD levels are normalized within 7 days after archwire insertion.
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