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Nissly RH, Lim L, Keller MR, Bird IM, Bhushan G, Misra S, Chothe SK, Sill MC, Kumar NV, Sivakumar AVN, Naik BR, Jayarao BM, Kuchipudi SV. The Susceptibility of Chickens to Zika Virus: A Comprehensive Study on Age-Dependent Infection Dynamics and Host Responses. Viruses 2024; 16:569. [PMID: 38675911 PMCID: PMC11054531 DOI: 10.3390/v16040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) remains a public health concern, with epidemics in endemic regions and sporadic outbreaks in new areas posing significant threats. Several mosquito-borne flaviviruses that can cause human illness, including West Nile, Usutu, and St. Louis encephalitis, have associations with birds. However, the susceptibility of chickens to ZIKV and their role in viral epidemiology is not currently known. We investigated the susceptibility of chickens to experimental ZIKV infection using chickens ranging from 1-day-old chicks to 6-week-old birds. ZIKV caused no clinical signs in chickens of all age groups tested. Viral RNA was detected in the blood and tissues during the first 5 days post-inoculation in 1-day and 4-day-old chicks inoculated with a high viral dose, but ZIKV was undetectable in 6-week-old birds at all timepoints. Minimal antibody responses were observed in 6-week-old birds, and while present in younger chicks, they waned by 28 days post-infection. Innate immune responses varied significantly between age groups. Robust type I interferon and inflammasome responses were measured in older chickens, while limited innate immune activation was observed in younger chicks. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) is a major driver of host restriction to ZIKV, and chicken STAT2 is distinct from human STAT2, potentially contributing to the observed resistance to ZIKV infection. The rapid clearance of the virus in older chickens coincided with an effective innate immune response, highlighting age-dependent susceptibility. Our study indicates that chickens are not susceptible to productive ZIKV infection and are unlikely to play a role in the ZIKV epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth H. Nissly
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (L.L.); (M.R.K.); (I.M.B.); (G.B.); (B.M.J.)
| | - Levina Lim
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (L.L.); (M.R.K.); (I.M.B.); (G.B.); (B.M.J.)
- DermBiont, Inc., 451 D Street, Suite 908, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Margo R. Keller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (L.L.); (M.R.K.); (I.M.B.); (G.B.); (B.M.J.)
| | - Ian M. Bird
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (L.L.); (M.R.K.); (I.M.B.); (G.B.); (B.M.J.)
- Applied Biological Sciences Group, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - Gitanjali Bhushan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (L.L.); (M.R.K.); (I.M.B.); (G.B.); (B.M.J.)
- College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sougat Misra
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (S.M.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Shubhada K. Chothe
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (S.M.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Miranda C. Sill
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Nagaram Vinod Kumar
- College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati 517 602, Andhra Pradesh, India; (N.V.K.); (A.V.N.S.); (B.R.N.)
| | - A. V. N. Sivakumar
- College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati 517 602, Andhra Pradesh, India; (N.V.K.); (A.V.N.S.); (B.R.N.)
| | - B. Rambabu Naik
- College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati 517 602, Andhra Pradesh, India; (N.V.K.); (A.V.N.S.); (B.R.N.)
| | - Bhushan M. Jayarao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (L.L.); (M.R.K.); (I.M.B.); (G.B.); (B.M.J.)
| | - Suresh V. Kuchipudi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (S.M.); (S.K.C.)
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Pérez-Yanes S, Lorenzo-Sánchez I, Cabrera-Rodríguez R, García-Luis J, Trujillo-González R, Estévez-Herrera J, Valenzuela-Fernández A. The ZIKV NS5 Protein Aberrantly Alters the Tubulin Cytoskeleton, Induces the Accumulation of Autophagic p62 and Affects IFN Production: HDAC6 Has Emerged as an Anti-NS5/ZIKV Factor. Cells 2024; 13:598. [PMID: 38607037 PMCID: PMC11011779 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and pathogenesis are linked to the disruption of neurogenesis, congenital Zika syndrome and microcephaly by affecting neural progenitor cells. Nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) is the largest product encoded by ZIKV-RNA and is important for replication and immune evasion. Here, we studied the potential effects of NS5 on microtubules (MTs) and autophagy flux, together with the interplay of NS5 with histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). Fluorescence microscopy, biochemical cell-fractionation combined with the use of HDAC6 mutants, chemical inhibitors and RNA interference indicated that NS5 accumulates in nuclear structures and strongly promotes the acetylation of MTs that aberrantly reorganize in nested structures. Similarly, NS5 accumulates the p62 protein, an autophagic-flux marker. Therefore, NS5 alters events that are under the control of the autophagic tubulin-deacetylase HDAC6. HDAC6 appears to degrade NS5 by autophagy in a deacetylase- and BUZ domain-dependent manner and to control the cytoplasmic expression of NS5. Moreover, NS5 inhibits RNA-mediated RIG-I interferon (IFN) production, resulting in greater activity when autophagy is inhibited (i.e., effect correlated with NS5 stability). Therefore, it is conceivable that NS5 contributes to cell toxicity and pathogenesis, evading the IFN-immune response by overcoming HDAC6 functions. HDAC6 has emerged as an anti-ZIKV factor by targeting NS5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pérez-Yanes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Iria Lorenzo-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Jonay García-Luis
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Rodrigo Trujillo-González
- Department of Análisis Matemático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38296 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Judith Estévez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
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Castro-Trujillo S, Segura K, Bolívar-Marín S, Salgado DM, Bosch I, Vega R, Rojas MC, Narváez CF. NS1-Specific Antibody Response Facilitates the Identification of Children With Dengue and Zika in Hyperendemic Areas. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024; 43:178-185. [PMID: 37963312 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections by dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) have some similar symptoms and a cross-reactive immune response, although with different risk populations and outcomes. Here, we evaluated the virologic characteristics and the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1)-specific antibody responses to DENV and ZIKV in children suspected of dengue in different epidemiologic moments in Colombia. METHODS Viral RNA, circulating NS1 and IgM/IgG specific for DENV and ZIKV were performed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 301 children suspected of dengue enrolled in a hospital setting during the ZIKV epidemic and a primary healthcare setting during a DENV epidemic. For the detection of DENV and ZIKV-specific IgM, an NS1-based ELISA was validated using characterized pediatric samples. Clinical and laboratory parameters were also evaluated. RESULTS DENV RNA or NS1 antigen was detected in the plasma of 62% of children, and in none, the ZIKV RNA was found. NS1-based ELISA for DENV and ZIKV IgM showed a sensitivity/specificity of 90/84% and 73/98%, respectively. Of 114 children without detectable viremia or antigenemia, 30.7%, 17.5%, 22% and 30% were IgM-DENV + , IgM-ZIKV + , IgM-DENV + ZIKV + and IgM-DENV - ZIKV - , respectively. The ZIKV/DENV IgM-NS1 ratio allows the identification of the infecting orthoflavivirus in 88% of the children with IgM-DENV + ZIKV + , confirming a high predominance of DENV infections in the 2 pediatric settings. CONCLUSION Overall, 88% of the children with clinical suspicion of dengue had an identifiable orthoflaviviral infection, with 80% caused by DENV, 7% by ZIKV and 0.7% classified as recent infections or coinfection, demonstrating active viral cocirculation in the pediatric population of southern Colombia. The IgM-NS1 detection improved the identification of orthoflaviviral infections in children without viremia or antigenemia, suggesting it is a helpful complementary tool for medical personnel in tropical regions with high viral cocirculation and different clinical scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Castro-Trujillo
- From the División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Katherine Segura
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Dirección Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud Departamental, Gobernación del Huila, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Sara Bolívar-Marín
- From the División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Doris M Salgado
- Área de Pediatría, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Irene Bosch
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rocío Vega
- Área de Pediatría, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
- Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario de Neiva, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - María Clemencia Rojas
- Dirección Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud Departamental, Gobernación del Huila, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Carlos F Narváez
- Área de Pediatría, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
- Dirección Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud Departamental, Gobernación del Huila, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
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Terra AP, Rohweder R, Herber S, Friedrich L, Sanseverino MTV, Favreto C, Maria FS, Athayde EDJ, Cardoso-Júnior LM, Marinho ACP, Marinho AP, Zarpelon T, Schuler-Faccini L. Microcephaly in South Brazil: Are cases of Congenital Zika Syndrome increasing in recent years? Genet Mol Biol 2024; 46:e20230191. [PMID: 38252061 PMCID: PMC10802226 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Northeast Brazil was the first region to detect a significant increase in babies born with microcephaly associated with prenatal zika virus infection in 2015. Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state was less impacted due to the temperate climate preventing the spread of the vector. This study investigated the prevalence and etiology of congenital microcephaly in RS in two different periods. This cross-sectional descriptive study included all live births with congenital microcephaly in RS from 2015 to 2022. Cases were divided into two groups: P1 "outbreak" (2015-16); and P2 "endemic" (2017-22). There were 58 cases of microcephaly (3.8/10,000) in P1 and 148 (1.97/10,000) in P2. Congenital Zika Virus infection was the etiology in 5.2% (n=3) in P1 and 6.7% (n=10) in P2. In conclusion, although the ZIKV outbreak in Brazil has receded, RS remains an area of concern, with a possible slight increase of live births with microcephaly secondary to ZIKV prenatal infection relative to the number of cases due to congenital infections. The broader distribution of the vector Aedes aegypti with warmer temperatures in our state might be linked to the increase in recent years. This study can be an alert to other regions of temperate or subtropical climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pires Terra
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Sistema de Informação sobre Agentes Teratogênicos (SIAT), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Serviço de Neonatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Rohweder
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Sistema de Informação sobre Agentes Teratogênicos (SIAT), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvani Herber
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Serviço de Neonatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre(UFCSPA), Departamento de Enfermagem, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Friedrich
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Serviço de Neonatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Vieira Sanseverino
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Sistema de Informação sobre Agentes Teratogênicos (SIAT), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Catia Favreto
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (SES/RS), Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde (CEVS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Santa Maria
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Sistema de Informação sobre Agentes Teratogênicos (SIAT), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Emilly de Jesus Athayde
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Sistema de Informação sobre Agentes Teratogênicos (SIAT), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laércio Moreira Cardoso-Júnior
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Sistema de Informação sobre Agentes Teratogênicos (SIAT), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tailine Zarpelon
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Odontologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Sistema de Informação sobre Agentes Teratogênicos (SIAT), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Xu P, Yu Y, Wu P. Role of microglia in brain development after viral infection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1340308. [PMID: 38298216 PMCID: PMC10825034 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1340308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are immune cells in the brain that originate from the yolk sac and enter the developing brain before birth. They play critical roles in brain development by supporting neural precursor proliferation, synaptic pruning, and circuit formation. However, microglia are also vulnerable to environmental factors, such as infection and stress that may alter their phenotype and function. Viral infection activates microglia to produce inflammatory cytokines and anti-viral responses that protect the brain from damage. However, excessive or prolonged microglial activation impairs brain development and leads to long-term consequences such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Moreover, certain viruses may attack microglia and deploy them as "Trojan horses" to infiltrate the brain. In this brief review, we describe the function of microglia during brain development and examine their roles after infection through microglia-neural crosstalk. We also identify limitations for current studies and highlight future investigated questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Yongjia Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Camacho-Concha N, Santana-Román ME, Sánchez NC, Velasco I, Pando-Robles V, Pedraza-Alva G, Pérez-Martínez L. Insights into Zika Virus Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3316. [PMID: 38137537 PMCID: PMC10741857 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a significant public health threat, reaching pandemic levels in 2016. Human infection with ZIKV can manifest as either asymptomatic or as an acute illness characterized by symptoms such as fever and headache. Moreover, it has been associated with severe neurological complications in adults, including Guillain-Barre syndrome, and devastating fetal abnormalities, like microcephaly. The primary mode of transmission is through Aedes spp. mosquitoes, and with half of the world's population residing in regions where Aedes aegypti, the principal vector, thrives, the reemergence of ZIKV remains a concern. This comprehensive review provides insights into the pathogenesis of ZIKV and highlights the key cellular pathways activated upon ZIKV infection. Additionally, we explore the potential of utilizing microRNAs (miRNAs) and phytocompounds as promising strategies to combat ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohemi Camacho-Concha
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - María E. Santana-Román
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - Nilda C. Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Victoria Pando-Robles
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
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Medina A, Rusnak R, Richardson R, Zimmerman MG, Suthar M, Schoof N, Kovacs-Balint Z, Mavigner M, Sanchez M, Chahroudi A, Raper J. Treatment with sofosbuvir attenuates the adverse neurodevelopmental consequences of Zika virus infection in infant rhesus macaques. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 381:578148. [PMID: 37451078 PMCID: PMC10528946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during infancy in a rhesus macaque (RM) model negatively impacts brain development resulting in long-term behavioral alterations. The current study investigated whether postexposure prophylaxis could alleviate these negative neurodevelopmental consequences. Three RM infants received a 14-day course of sofosbuvir (SOF; 15 mg/kg p.o.) treatment starting at 3 days post-infection with a Puerto Rican strain of ZIKV (PRVABC59) and were then monitored longitudinally for one year. In contrast to ZIKV-infected infant RMs who did not receive SOF, postexposure SOF treatment mitigated the neurodevelopmental, behavioral and cognitive changes seen after postnatal ZIKV infection even while not accelerating viral clearance from the blood. These data suggest that antiviral treatment may help ameliorate some, but not all, of the neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with early postnatal ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Medina
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Rebecca Rusnak
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Rebecca Richardson
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Matthew G Zimmerman
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mehul Suthar
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nils Schoof
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zsofia Kovacs-Balint
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Maud Mavigner
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mar Sanchez
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ann Chahroudi
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jessica Raper
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Rengifo AC, Rivera J, Álvarez-Díaz DA, Naizaque J, Santamaria G, Corchuelo S, Gómez CY, Torres-Fernández O. Morphological and Molecular Changes in the Cortex and Cerebellum of Immunocompetent Mice Infected with Zika Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:1632. [PMID: 37631975 PMCID: PMC10458311 DOI: 10.3390/v15081632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) disease continues to be a threat to public health, and it is estimated that millions of people have been infected and that there have been more cases of serious complications than those already reported. Despite many studies on the pathogenesis of ZIKV, several of the genes involved in the malformations associated with viral infection are still unknown. In this work, the morphological and molecular changes in the cortex and cerebellum of mice infected with ZIKV were evaluated. Neonatal BALB/c mice were inoculated with ZIKV intraperitoneally, and the respective controls were inoculated with a solution devoid of the virus. At day 10 postinoculation, the mice were euthanized to measure the expression of the markers involved in cortical and cerebellar neurodevelopment. The infected mice presented morphological changes accompanied by calcifications, as well as a decrease in most of the markers evaluated in the cortex and cerebellum. The modifications found could be predictive of astrocytosis, dendritic pathology, alterations in the regulation systems of neuronal excitation and inhibition, and premature maturation, conditions previously described in other models of ZIKV infection and microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Caterine Rengifo
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (J.R.); (D.A.Á.-D.); (J.N.); (G.S.); (S.C.); (C.Y.G.); (O.T.-F.)
| | - Jorge Rivera
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (J.R.); (D.A.Á.-D.); (J.N.); (G.S.); (S.C.); (C.Y.G.); (O.T.-F.)
| | - Diego Alejandro Álvarez-Díaz
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (J.R.); (D.A.Á.-D.); (J.N.); (G.S.); (S.C.); (C.Y.G.); (O.T.-F.)
- Genómica de Microorganismos Emergentes, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Julián Naizaque
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (J.R.); (D.A.Á.-D.); (J.N.); (G.S.); (S.C.); (C.Y.G.); (O.T.-F.)
| | - Gerardo Santamaria
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (J.R.); (D.A.Á.-D.); (J.N.); (G.S.); (S.C.); (C.Y.G.); (O.T.-F.)
| | - Sheryll Corchuelo
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (J.R.); (D.A.Á.-D.); (J.N.); (G.S.); (S.C.); (C.Y.G.); (O.T.-F.)
| | - Claudia Yadira Gómez
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (J.R.); (D.A.Á.-D.); (J.N.); (G.S.); (S.C.); (C.Y.G.); (O.T.-F.)
| | - Orlando Torres-Fernández
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Avenue 26 No. 51-20–Zone 6 CAN, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (J.R.); (D.A.Á.-D.); (J.N.); (G.S.); (S.C.); (C.Y.G.); (O.T.-F.)
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de Amorin Vilharba BL, Yamamura M, de Azevedo MV, Fernandes WDS, Santos-Pinto CDB, de Oliveira EF. Disease burden of congenital Zika virus syndrome in Brazil and its association with socioeconomic data. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11882. [PMID: 37482558 PMCID: PMC10363536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection became a global public health concern, causing an epidemic in Latin America from 2015 to 2016, when a sudden increase in cases of microcephaly and other congenital anomalies was observed. In 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization defined congenital Zika-associated syndrome (CZS) as a set of congenital anomalies seen in children born to mothers with a history of gestational Zika fever, who have microcephaly as the most prevalent clinical sign. In order to describe the magnitude of CZS in Brazil, this study estimated the burden of disease due to CZS in Brazil using the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) indicator and other frequency measures, such as incidence and mortality rate, during the years 2015-2020. The association of these indicators with socioeconomic variables was also evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Choropleth maps were used to evaluate the spatial distribution of the indicators evaluated and the spatial autocorrelation was verified by the Bivariate Moran Local Index. From 2015 to 2020, 3,591 cases of CZS were confirmed in Brazil, with an incidence of 44.03 cases per 1000 live births, and a specific mortality of 12.35 deaths per 1000 live births. A global loss of 30,027.44 DALYs was estimated from 2015 to 2020. The Northeast region had the highest values for all health indicators assessed. Spatial correlation and autocorrelation analyses showed significant associations between health and socioeconomic indicators, such as per capita income, Gini index, illiteracy rate and basic sanitation. The study allowed us to have access to all reported cases of CZS, showing us the possible situation of the disease in Brazil; therefore, we believe that our results can help in the understanding of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Luiza de Amorin Vilharba
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Mellina Yamamura
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Wagner de Souza Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Hospital Universitário Maria Aparecida Pedrossian-HUMAP-EBSERH, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | | | - Everton Falcão de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
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Rosado LEP, Martelli CMT, Brickley EB, Gomes MBF, de Toledo Lima T, da Costa PSS, de Ávila MP, Viggiano MB, do Amaral WN, de Rezende Feres VC, Fiaccadori FS, de Sene Amancio Zara AL, Ferreira-Lopes A, Turchi MD. Risk of adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes associated with prenatal Zika virus infection: a post-epidemic cohort in Central-West Brazil. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7335. [PMID: 37147405 PMCID: PMC10161159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the risks of adverse infant outcomes in the first year of life related to prenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure. A prospective cohort of pregnant women with rash was recruited in Central-West Brazil in a post-epidemic period (January 2017 to April 2019). We evaluated participants' medical histories and performed ZIKV diagnostic testing using molecular (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) and serologic (immunoglobulin [Ig]M and plaque reduction neutralization tests [PRNT90]) assays. The ZIKV-positive group included both RT-PCR-confirmed cases as well as IgM and/or PRNT90-positive probable cases. Children were evaluated at birth and in the first 12 months of life. Transfontanellar ultrasound, central nervous system computed tomography, eye fundoscopy and retinography were performed. We estimated the absolute risk and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of adverse infant outcomes among confirmed prenatally ZIKV-exposed children. Among 81 pregnant women with rash, 43 (53.1%) were ZIKV infected. The absolute risk of microcephaly among offspring of ZIKV-infected pregnant women was 7.0% (95% CI: 1.5-19.1), including the two cases of microcephaly detected prenatally and one detected postnatally. In total, 54.5% (95% CI: 39.8-68.7) of children in the ZIKV-exposed group had at least one ophthalmic abnormality, with the most frequent abnormalities being focal pigmentary mottling and chorioretinal atrophy or scarring. Our findings reinforce the importance of long-term monitoring of prenatally ZIKV-exposed children born apparently asymptomatic for Congenital Zika Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Emylce Pela Rosado
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine and Public Health of the Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
- Obstetrics Department, Maternal and Infant Hospital of Goias State, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabeth B Brickley
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Barbara Franco Gomes
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences of the Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
- Pediatric Department, Maternal and Infant Hospital of Goias State, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Talita de Toledo Lima
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences of the Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
- Reference Center in Ophthalmology of the Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Pereira de Ávila
- Reference Center in Ophthalmology of the Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
- Retina and Vitreous Department, School of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fabiola Souza Fiaccadori
- Virology Department, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marilia Dalva Turchi
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil.
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Gilbert-Jaramillo J, Purnama U, Molnár Z, James WS. Zika virus-induces metabolic alterations in fetal neuronal progenitors that could influence in neurodevelopment during early pregnancy. Biol Open 2023; 12:307150. [PMID: 37093064 PMCID: PMC10151830 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical development consists of an orchestrated process in which progenitor cells exhibit distinct fate restrictions regulated by time-dependent activation of energetic pathways. Thus, the hijacking of cellular metabolism by Zika virus (ZIKV) to support its replication may contribute to damage in the developing fetal brain. Here, we showed that ZIKV replicates differently in two glycolytically distinct pools of cortical progenitors derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), which resemble the metabolic patterns of quiescence (early hi-NPCs) and immature brain cells (late hi-NPCs) in the forebrain. This differential replication alters the transcription of metabolic genes in both pools of cortical progenitors but solely upregulates the glycolytic capacity of early hi-NPCs. Analysis using Imagestream® revealed that, during early stages of ZIKV replication, in early hi-NPCs there is an increase in lipid droplet abundance and size. This stage of ZIKV replication significantly reduced the mitochondrial distribution in both early and late hi-NPCs. During later stages of ZIKV replication, late hi-NPCs show reduced mitochondrial size and abundance. The finding that there are alterations of cellular metabolism during ZIKV infection which are specific to pools of cortical progenitors at different stages of maturation may help to explain the differences in brain damage over each trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gilbert-Jaramillo
- James & Lillian Martin Centre, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Ujang Purnama
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - William S James
- James & Lillian Martin Centre, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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Castro PT, Werner H, Araujo Júnior E, Bonasoni MP, Tonni G. Prenatal and Postnatal Zika Intrauterine Infection: Diagnostic Imaging Techniques and Placental Pathology. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2023; 42:207-215. [PMID: 36125260 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2022.2118559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) in the genus Flavivirus and Flaviviridae family. In November 2015, several cases of microcephaly in Northeastern of Brazil suggested ZIKV involvement. Case Report: A 33-year-old primigravida developed fever and cutaneous rash at 7th week of gestation (WGA). The ultrasound and MRI examination showed head circumference < 5th centile and enlargement of lateral ventricles. The infant was delivered at 39th WGA with microcephaly. Microscopy of the placenta showed chronic villitis and intervillitis, nodular stromal fibrosis in the stem villi, and vascular thickening. Postnatal CT showed collapsed cranium due to growth impairment of the suprathalamic brain, multiple cerebral calcifications, parenchymal atrophy, and ventricular dilatation. Now, at 6 years old, the child suffers from severe neurologic symptoms, including seizures. Conclusion: This case gathers images of prenatal and postnatal period, and placental histopathology. The long-term follow-up highlights the dramatic neurological sequelae induced by ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Teixeira Castro
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Heron Werner
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Edward Araujo Júnior
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriele Tonni
- Department of Obstetrics and Neonatology and Researcher, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Ferreira QR, Lemos FFB, Moura MN, Nascimento JODS, Novaes AF, Barcelos IS, Fernandes LA, Amaral LSDB, Barreto FK, de Melo FF. Role of the Microbiome in Aedes spp. Vector Competence: What Do We Know? Viruses 2023; 15:779. [PMID: 36992487 PMCID: PMC10051417 DOI: 10.3390/v15030779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the vectors of important arboviruses: dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. Female mosquitoes acquire arboviruses by feeding on the infected host blood, thus being able to transmit it to their offspring. The intrinsic ability of a vector to infect itself and transmit a pathogen is known as vector competence. Several factors influence the susceptibility of these females to be infected by these arboviruses, such as the activation of the innate immune system through the Toll, immunodeficiency (Imd), JAK-STAT pathways, and the interference of specific antiviral response pathways of RNAi. It is also believed that the presence of non-pathogenic microorganisms in the microbiota of these arthropods could influence this immune response, as it provides a baseline activation of the innate immune system, which may generate resistance against arboviruses. In addition, this microbiome has direct action against arboviruses, mainly due to the ability of Wolbachia spp. to block viral genome replication, added to the competition for resources within the mosquito organism. Despite major advances in the area, studies are still needed to evaluate the microbiota profiles of Aedes spp. and their vector competence, as well as further exploration of the individual roles of microbiome components in activating the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernanda Khouri Barreto
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
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Lunardelli VAS, Almeida BDS, Apostolico JDS, Rezende T, Yamamoto MM, Pereira SS, Bueno MFC, Pereira LR, Carvalho KI, Slhessarenko RD, de Souza Ferreira LC, Boscardin SB, Rosa DS. Diagnostic and vaccine potential of Zika virus envelope protein (E) derivates produced in bacterial and insect cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1071041. [PMID: 37006270 PMCID: PMC10060818 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIn the present study we evaluated the features of different recombinant forms of Zika virus (ZIKV) proteins produced in either bacterial (Eschericha coli) or insect cells (Drosophila melanogaster). The ZIKV-envelope glycoprotein (EZIKV) is responsible for virus entry into host cells, is the main target of neutralizing antibodies and has been used as a target antigen either for serological tests or for the development of subunit vaccines. The EZIKV is composed of three structural and functional domains (EDI, EDII, and EDIII), which share extensive sequence conservation with the corresponding counterparts expressed by other flaviviruses, particularly the different dengue virus (DENV) subtypes.MethodsIn this study, we carried out a systematic comparison of the antigenicity and immunogenicity of recombinant EZIKV, EDI/IIZIKV and EDIIIZIKV produced in E. coli BL21 and Drosophila S2 cells. For the antigenicity analysis we collected 88 serum samples from ZIKV-infected participants and 57 serum samples from DENV-infected. For immunogenicity, C57BL/6 mice were immunized with two doses of EZIKV, EDI/IIZIKV and EDIIIZIKV produced in E. coli BL21 and Drosophila S2 cells to evaluate humoral and cellular immune response. In addition, AG129 mice were immunized with EZIKV and then challenge with ZIKV.ResultsTesting of samples collected from ZIKV-infected and DENV-infected participants demonstrated that the EZIKV and EDIIIZIKV produced in BL21 cells presented better sensitivity and specificity compared to proteins produced in S2 cells. In vivo analyses were carried out with C57BL/6 mice and the results indicated that, despite similar immunogenicity, antigens produced in S2 cells, particularly EZIKV and EDIIIZIKV, induced higher ZIKV-neutralizing antibody levels in vaccinated mice. In addition, immunization with EZIKV expressed in S2 cells delayed the onset of symptoms and increased survival rates in immunocompromised mice. All recombinant antigens, either produced in bacteria or insect cells, induced antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.ConclusionIn conclusion, the present study highlights the differences in antigenicity and immunogenicity of recombinant ZIKV antigens produced in two heterologous protein expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Alves Santos Lunardelli
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo- Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca da Silva Almeida
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Souza Apostolico
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo- Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Rezende
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo- Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Massao Yamamoto
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel Santos Pereira
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Campagnari Bueno
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo- Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lennon Ramos Pereira
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Inacio Carvalho
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Luis Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Plataforma Científica Pasteur- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Beatriz Boscardin
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) de Investigação em Imunologia (iii), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo- Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) de Investigação em Imunologia (iii), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Daniela Santoro Rosa,
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15
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Silva LVDO, Hermont AP, Magnani IQ, Martins CC, Borges-Oliveira AC. Oral alterations in children with microcephaly associated to congenital Zika syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Spec Care Dentist 2023; 43:184-198. [PMID: 35912588 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To synthesize the oral alterations observed in children with microcephaly associated with congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZS), and to compare the oral alterations of these children to a normotypic healthy controls. METHODS AND RESULTS A search was performed in six electronic databases. Observational studies published that reported oral alterations in children with CZS were selected. Two authors independently extracted data, assessed study quality, using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist tools, and the certainty of evidence, using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Twenty-one studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled crude occurrence showed 88% of increased salivation (95%CI: 82%-94%), 83% of biofilm (95%CI: 75%-91%), and 73% of bruxism (95%CI: 52%-95%). Compared to normotypic controls, children with CZS-associated microcephaly had a higher chance to have difficulty in lip sealing (OR: 18.28; 95%CI: 1.42-235.91), inadequate lingual posture at rest (OR: 13.57; 95%CI: 4.24-43.44), and delayed eruption (OR: 12.92; 95%CI: 3.42-48.78), with very low certainty. CONCLUSION There are several oral alterations found among children with CZS-associated microcephaly. They are more prone to present some of these alterations, such as difficulty in lip sealing, although with very low certainty of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leni Verônica de Oliveira Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology, and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Hermont
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela Queiroz Magnani
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina Castro Martins
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Borges-Oliveira
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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16
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El Ammar F, Bulwa ZB. Neurology of Systemic Disease. Neurol Clin 2023. [PMID: 37030966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences exist within the neurologic complications of systemic disease. To promote new avenues for prevention and develop novel therapeutics, we highlight the role of sex in differential outcomes to infectious disease and cardiac arrest and educate the reader in paraneoplastic presentations that may herald underlying malignancies in women.
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Dahiya N, Yadav M, Singh H, Jakhar R, Sehrawat N. ZIKV: Epidemiology, infection mechanism and current therapeutics. Front Trop Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.1059283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a vector-borne flavivirus that has been detected in 87 countries worldwide. Outbreaks of ZIKV infection have been reported from various places around the world and the disease has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. ZIKV has two modes of transmission: vector and non-vector. The ability of ZIKV to vertically transmit in its competent vectors, such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, helps it to cope with adverse conditions, and this could be the reason for the major outbreaks that occur from time to time. ZIKV outbreaks are a global threat and, therefore, there is a need for safe and effective drugs and vaccines to fight the virus. In more than 80% of cases, ZIKV infection is asymptomatic and leads to complications, such as microcephaly in newborns and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) in adults. Drugs such as sofosbuvir, chloroquine, and suramin have been found to be effective against ZIKV infections, but further evaluation of their safety in pregnant women is needed. Although temoporfin can be given to pregnant women, it needs to be tested further for side effects. Many vaccine types based on protein, vector, DNA, and mRNA have been formulated. Some vaccines, such as mRNA-1325 and VRC-ZKADNA090-00-VP, have reached Phase II clinical trials. Some new techniques should be used for formulating and testing the efficacy of vaccines. Although there have been no recent outbreaks of ZIKV infection, several studies have shown continuous circulation of ZIKV in mosquito vectors, and there is a risk of re-emergence of ZIKV in the near future. Therefore, vaccines and drugs for ZIKV should be tested further, and safe and effective therapeutic techniques should be licensed for use during outbreaks.
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Laporta GZ, Potter AM, Oliveira JFA, Bourke BP, Pecor DB, Linton YM. Global Distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in a Climate Change Scenario of Regional Rivalry. Insects 2023; 14:49. [PMID: 36661976 PMCID: PMC9860750 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Arboviral mosquito vectors are key targets for the surveillance and control of vector-borne diseases worldwide. In recent years, changes to the global distributions of these species have been a major research focus, aimed at predicting outbreaks of arboviral diseases. In this study, we analyzed a global scenario of climate change under regional rivalry to predict changes to these species' distributions over the next century. Using occurrence data from VectorMap and environmental variables (temperature and precipitation) from WorldClim v. 2.1, we first built fundamental niche models for both species with the boosted regression tree modelling approach. A scenario of climate change on their fundamental niche was then analyzed. The shared socioeconomic pathway scenario 3 (regional rivalry) and the global climate model Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model v. 4.1 (GFDL-ESM4.1; gfdl.noaa.gov) were utilized for all analyses, in the following time periods: 2021-2040, 2041-2060, 2061-2080, and 2081-2100. Outcomes from these analyses showed that future climate change will affect Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus distributions in different ways across the globe. The Northern Hemisphere will have extended Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus distributions in future climate change scenarios, whereas the Southern Hemisphere will have the opposite outcomes. Europe will become more suitable for both species and their related vector-borne diseases. Loss of suitability in the Brazilian Amazon region further indicated that this tropical rainforest biome will have lower levels of precipitation to support these species in the future. Our models provide possible future scenarios to help identify locations for resource allocation and surveillance efforts before a significant threat to human health emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Z. Laporta
- Graduate Research and Innovation Program, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexander M. Potter
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Janeide F. A. Oliveira
- Graduate Research and Innovation Program, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Campus Crajubar, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato 63105-010, CE, Brazil
| | - Brian P. Bourke
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - David B. Pecor
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC 20560, USA
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19
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Wang Y, Griffiths A, Brackney DE, Verardi PH. Generation of Multiple Arbovirus-like Particles Using a Rapid Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Expression Platform. Pathogens 2022; 11. [PMID: 36558839 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As demonstrated by the 2015 Zika virus outbreak in the Americas, emerging and re-emerging arboviruses are public health threats that warrant research investment for the development of effective prophylactics and therapeutics. Many arboviral diseases are underreported, neglected, or of low prevalence, yet they all have the potential to cause outbreaks of local and international concern. Here, we show the production of virus-like particles (VLPs) using a rapid and efficient recombinant vaccinia virus (VACV) expression system for five tick- and mosquito-borne arboviruses: Powassan virus (POWV), Heartland virus (HRTV), severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Bourbon virus (BRBV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV). We detected the expression of arbovirus genes of interest by Western blot and observed the expression of VLPs that resemble native virions under transmission electron microscopy. We were also able to improve the secretion of POWV VLPs by modifying the signal sequence within the capsid gene. This study describes the use of a rapid VACV platform for the production and purification of arbovirus VLPs that can be used as subunit or vectored vaccines, and provides insights into the selection of arbovirus genes for VLP formation and genetic modifications to improve VLP secretion and yield.
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Pone MVDS, Gomes da Silva TO, Ribeiro CTM, de Aguiar EB, Mendes PHB, Gomes Junior SCDS, Hamanaka T, Zin AA, Pereira Junior JP, Moreira MEL, Nielsen-Saines K, Pone SM. Acquired Hip Dysplasia in Children with Congenital Zika Virus Infection in the First Four Years of Life. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122643. [PMID: 36560649 PMCID: PMC9788141 DOI: 10.3390/v14122643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired hip dysplasia has been described in children with cerebral palsy (CP); periodic surveillance is recommended in this population to prevent hip displacement and dislocation. Children with congenital zika syndrome (CZS) may present a spectrum of neurological impairments with changes in tonus, posture, and movement similar to children with CP. However, the relationship between CZS and hip dysplasia has not been characterized. In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to describe the occurrence of hip dysplasia in patients with CZS. Sixty-four children with CZS from 6 to 48 months of age were included and followed at a tertiary referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with periodic radiologic and clinical hip assessments. Twenty-six (41%) patients were diagnosed with hip dysplasia during follow-up; mean age at diagnosis was 23 months. According to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), 58 (91%) patients had severe impairment (GMFCS IV and V) at the first evaluation. All patients with progression to hip dysplasia had microcephaly and were classified as GMFCS IV or V. Pain and functional limitation were reported by 22 (84%) caregivers of children with hip dysplasia. All patients were referred to specialized orthopedic care; eight (31%) underwent surgical treatment during follow-up. Our findings highlight the importance of implementing a hip surveillance program and improving access to orthopedic treatment for children with CZS in order to decrease the chances of dysplasia-related complications and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Vinicius da Silva Pone
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Tallita Oliveira Gomes da Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Carla Trevisan Martins Ribeiro
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Elisa Barroso de Aguiar
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-99584-9013
| | - Pedro Henrique Barros Mendes
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Saint Clair dos Santos Gomes Junior
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Hamanaka
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Andrea Araujo Zin
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Pereira Junior
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabeth Lopes Moreira
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sheila Moura Pone
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
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Shofa M, Okamura T, Urano E, Matsuura Y, Yasutomi Y, Saito A. Repeated Intravaginal Inoculation of Zika Virus Protects Cynomolgus Monkeys from Subcutaneous Superchallenge. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214002. [PMID: 36430481 PMCID: PMC9696507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in Central and South America caused severe public health problems in 2015 and 2016. These outbreaks were finally contained through several methods, including mosquito control using insecticides and repellents. Additionally, the development of herd immunity in these countries might have contributed to containing the epidemic. While ZIKV is mainly transmitted by mosquito bites and mucosal transmission via bodily fluids, including the semen of infected individuals, has also been reported. We evaluated the effect of mucosal ZIKV infection on continuous subcutaneous challenges in a cynomolgus monkey model. Repeated intravaginal inoculations of ZIKV did not induce detectable viremia or clinical symptoms, and all animals developed a potent neutralizing antibody, protecting animals from the subsequent subcutaneous superchallenge. These results suggest that viral replication at mucosal sites can induce protective immunity without causing systemic viremia or symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Shofa
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Okamura
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Emiko Urano
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (A.S.)
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (A.S.)
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22
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Guo Z, Jing W, Liu J, Liu M. The global trends and regional differences in incidence of Zika virus infection and implications for Zika virus infection prevention. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010812. [PMID: 36269778 PMCID: PMC9586358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has potential result in severe birth effects. An improved understanding of global trend and regional differences is needed. Methods Annual ZIKV infection episodes and incidence rates were collected from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Episodes changes and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) were calculated. Top passenger airport-pairs were obtained from the International Air Transport Association to understand places susceptible to imported ZIKV cases. Results Globally, the ASR increased by an average of 72.85% (95%CI: 16.47% to 156.53%) per year from 2011 to 2015 and subsequently decreased from 20.25 per 100,000 in 2015 to 3.44 per 100,000 in 2019. Most of ZIKV infections clustered in Latin America. The proportion of episodes in Central and Tropical Latin America decreased in 2019 with sporadic episodes elsewhere. High Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions had more episodes in 2019 than in 2015. Additionally, 15–49 years group had the largest proportion of episodes, females had a higher number of episodes, and a higher incidence rate of 70 plus group was observed in males than females. Certain cities in Europe, North America and Latin America/Caribbean had a high population mobility in ZIKV outbreak areas considered a high risk of imported cases. Conclusions ZIKV infection is still a public health threat in Latin America and Caribbean and high SDI regions suffered an increasing trend of ZIKV infection. Interventions such as development of surveillance networks and vector-control should be attached to ZIKV control in these key regions. Reproductive suggestions should be taken to reduce ZIKV-related birth defects for the people of reproductive age who are facing a higher threat of ZIKV infection, especially females. Moreover, surveillance of travellers is needed to reverse the uptrends of travel-related imported ZIKV infection. More studies focusing on ZIKV should be performed to make targeted and effective prevention strategies in the future. Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a mosquito-borne illness and has potential result in severe birth effects. Currently, ZIKV is still causing an unprecedented ongoing epidemic in Latin America and threatening North America and potentially the rest of the world. This is the first study to assess the global landscape, long-term trends and regional differences in the incidence of ZIKV infection using the data from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, including the description of ZIKV infection episodes by different sex and by different year group, as well as the relationship between international travellers and imported ZIKV cases. Our study can not only serve as complement to previous studies, but also provide a more comprehensive perspective of global ZIKV infection prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhan Jing
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Lunardelli VAS, de Souza Apostolico J, Souza HFS, Coirada FC, Martinho JA, Astray RM, Boscardin SB, Rosa DS. ZIKV-envelope proteins induce specific humoral and cellular immunity in distinct mice strains. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15733. [PMID: 36131132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection have highlighted the need for a better understanding of ZIKV-specific immune responses. The ZIKV envelope glycoprotein (EZIKV) is the most abundant protein on the virus surface and it is the main target of the protective immune response. EZIKV protein contains the central domain (EDI), a dimerization domain containing the fusion peptide (EDII), and a domain that binds to the cell surface receptor (EDIII). In this study, we performed a systematic comparison of the specific immune response induced by different EZIKV recombinant proteins (EZIKV, EDI/IIZIKV or EDIIIZIKV) in two mice strains. Immunization induced high titers of E-specific antibodies which recognized ZIKV-infected cells and neutralized the virus. Furthermore, immunization with EZIKV, EDI/IIZIKV and EDIIIZIKV proteins induced specific IFNγ-producing cells and polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Finally, we identified 4 peptides present in the envelope protein (E1-20, E51-70, E351-370 and E361-380), capable of inducing a cellular immune response to the H-2Kd and H-2Kb haplotypes. In summary, our work provides a detailed assessment of the immune responses induced after immunization with different regions of the ZIKV envelope protein.
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Alvarado-Domenech LI, Rivera-Amill V, Appleton AA, Rosario-Villafañe V, Repollet-Carrer I, Borges-Rodríguez M, Pérez-Rodríguez NM, Olivieri-Ramos O, González M, González-Montalvo C, Muñiz-Forestier W, Vargas-Lasalle L, Pérez-Padilla J, Paz-Bailey G, Rodríguez-Rabassa M. Early Childhood Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children with Prenatal Zika Virus Exposure: A Cohort Study in Puerto Rico. J Pediatr 2022; 247:38-45.e5. [PMID: 35577118 PMCID: PMC10188121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe anthropometric, sensory, and neurodevelopmental outcomes of children who were Zika virus-exposed from birth to 36 months. STUDY DESIGN The study cohort included 114 children born to mothers with confirmed and probable Zika virus pregnancy infection in 2016-2017. Children attending study visits from May 2017 through February 2020 underwent physical/neurologic, sensory examinations, and neurodevelopmental assessments with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III) and Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3). RESULTS Three of the 114 children (2.6%) had microcephaly (z-score for head circumference ≤-2) at birth, 19 of 35 (54.3%) had posterior eye abnormalities in retinal images, and 11 of 109 (10.1%) had nonspecific findings on brain ultrasound. Three of 107 children (2.8%) failed hearing screening at birth. Of those children with follow-up data, 17 of 97 (17.5%) failed age-appropriate vision screening. The BSID-III identified developmental delay in at least 1 domain in at least one-third of children, with higher prevalence in the language domain. ASQ-3 screen positive delay peaked at around 24 or 36 months, with some domains showing a decrease at older ages. Correlations among BSID-III and ASQ-3 scores were observed, representing professional and parental perspectives at 24 and 36 months (r = 0.32-0.78; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The presence of neurodevelopmental sequelae in early childhood suggests that identification of long-term impairment remains critical to attaining optimal child development. Long-term follow-up highlights vulnerability in the language domain, which likely could be influenced by early intervention, promoting cognitive development and school readiness in exposed children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allison A Appleton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marielly González
- Clinical Psychology Program, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR
| | | | | | | | - Janice Pérez-Padilla
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, PR
| | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, PR
| | - Mary Rodríguez-Rabassa
- RCMI Center for Research Resources, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR; Clinical Psychology Program, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR
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Cifuentes MP, Suarez CM, Cifuentes R, Malod-Dognin N, Windels S, Valderrama JF, Juarez PD, Valdez RB, Colen C, Phillips C, Ramesh A, Im W, Lichtveld M, Mouton C, Pržulj N, Hood DB. Big Data to Knowledge Analytics Reveals the Zika Virus Epidemic as Only One of Multiple Factors Contributing to a Year-Over-Year 28-Fold Increase in Microcephaly Incidence. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19159051. [PMID: 35897436 PMCID: PMC9331749 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
During the 2015-2016 Zika Virus (ZIKV) epidemic in Brazil, the geographical distributions of ZIKV infection and microcephaly outbreaks did not align. This raised doubts about the virus as the single cause of the microcephaly outbreak and led to research hypotheses of alternative explanatory factors, such as environmental variables and factors, agrochemical use, or immunizations. We investigated context and the intermediate and structural determinants of health inequalities, as well as social environment factors, to determine their interaction with ZIKV-positive- and ZIKV-negative-related microcephaly. The results revealed the identification of 382 associations among 382 nonredundant variables of Zika surveillance, including multiple determinants of environmental public health factors and variables obtained from 5565 municipalities in Brazil. This study compared those factors and variables directly associated with microcephaly incidence positive to ZIKV and those associated with microcephaly incidence negative to ZIKV, respectively, and mapped them in case and control subnetworks. The subnetworks of factors and variables associated with low birth weight and birthweight where birth incidence served as an additional control were also mapped. Non-significant differences in factors and variables were observed, as were weights of associations between microcephaly incidence, both positive and negative to ZIKV, which revealed diagnostic inaccuracies that translated to the underestimation of the scope of the ZIKV outbreak. A detailed analysis of the patterns of association does not support a finding that vaccinations contributed to microcephaly, but it does raise concerns about the use of agrochemicals as a potential factor in the observed neurotoxicity arising from the presence of heavy metals in the environment and microcephaly not associated with ZIKV. Summary: A comparative network inferential analysis of the patterns of variables and factors associated with Zika virus infections in Brazil during 2015-2016 coinciding with a microcephaly epidemic identified multiple contributing determinants. This study advances our understanding of the cumulative interactive effects of exposures to chemical and non-chemical stressors in the built, natural, physical, and social environments on adverse pregnancy and health outcomes in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Patricia Cifuentes
- Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, Antonio Nariño University, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Ricardo Cifuentes
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá 110111, Colombia;
| | - Noel Malod-Dognin
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (N.M.-D.); (S.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Sam Windels
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (N.M.-D.); (S.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Jose Fernando Valderrama
- Subdirectorate of Transmissible Diseases, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Bogotá 110311, Colombia;
| | - Paul D. Juarez
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (P.D.J.); (W.I.)
| | - R. Burciaga Valdez
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA;
| | - Cynthia Colen
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Charles Phillips
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Aramandla Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Wansoo Im
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (P.D.J.); (W.I.)
| | - Maureen Lichtveld
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Charles Mouton
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Nataša Pržulj
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (N.M.-D.); (S.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Darryl B. Hood
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
How does the news media respond to health emergencies abroad? Between 2015 and 2018, Zika virus spread rapidly throughout Latin America before arriving in the continental United States. Despite the risks to adults and newborns, it is unclear how media coverage developed and framed the threat for its audience. In this paper, we argue that while the frequency of coverage was responsive to infections, its content failed to promote proactive health behaviour. To assess these claims, we analyse each of 442 articles dealing with Zika virus published by The New York Times from 2015-18. We find that the amount of coverage reflected infections but did not change once the disease emerged in the US. Furthermore, content analysis using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software reveals that coverage emphasised differences between communities (those affected and those at home) and that present and past time orientations dominated coverage as opposed to future time orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jamieson
- Assistant Professor, School of Public Administration, University of Nebraska at Omaha, United States
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27
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Paixao ES, Rodrigues LC, Costa MDCN, de Carvalho-Sauer RDCO, Oliveira WK, Cardim LL, Schuler-Faccini L, Andrade RFS, Rodrigues MS, Brickley EB, Veiga RV, Costa LC, Carmo EH, Smeeth L, Barreto ML, Teixeira MG. Population-based surveillance for congenital zika virus syndrome: a latent class analysis of recorded cases from 2015-2018. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:530. [PMID: 35768806 PMCID: PMC9245223 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to describe clinical findings and determine the medium-term survival of congenital zika syndrome (CZS) suspected cases. Methods A retrospective cohort study using routine register-based linked data. It included all suspected cases of CZS born in Brazil from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2018, and followed up from birth until death, 36 months, or December 31, 2018, whichever came first. Latent class analysis was used to cluster unconfirmed cases into classes with similar combinations of anthropometry at birth, imaging findings, maternally reported rash, region, and year of birth. Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted, and Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to determine mortality up to 36 months. Results We followed 11,850 suspected cases of CZS, of which 28.3% were confirmed, 9.3% inconclusive and 62.4% unconfirmed. Confirmed cases had almost two times higher mortality when compared with unconfirmed cases. Among unconfirmed cases, we identified three distinct clusters with different mortality trajectories. The highest mortality risk was observed in those with abnormal imaging findings compatible with congenital infections (HR = 12.6; IC95%8.8–18.0) and other abnormalities (HR = 11.6; IC95%8.6–15.6) compared with those with normal imaging findings. The risk was high in those with severe microcephaly (HR = 8.2; IC95%6.4–10.6) and macrocephaly (HR = 6.6; IC95%4.5–9.7) compared with normal head size. Conclusion Abnormal imaging and head circumference appear to be the main drivers of the increased mortality among suspected cases of CZS. We suggest identifying children who are more likely to die and have a greater need to optimise interventions and resource allocation regardless of the final diagnoses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04860-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enny S Paixao
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK. .,Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Laura C Rodrigues
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria da Conceição N Costa
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Instituto de Saude Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Wanderson K Oliveira
- Ministry of Defense Hospital das Armed Forces, Technical Directorate of Education and Research, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luciana L Cardim
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lavinia Schuler-Faccini
- Genetics Department, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberto F S Andrade
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Moreno S Rodrigues
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael V Veiga
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Larissa C Costa
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Eduardo H Carmo
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Liam Smeeth
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Mauricio L Barreto
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Instituto de Saude Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Gloria Teixeira
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Instituto de Saude Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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da Silva JH, Terças-trettel ACP, Boquett JA, Franca GVA, Cardoso-dos-santos AC, Atanaka M, Oliveira MZ, Terra AP, Vivi VK, de Oliveira LAN, Schaedler L, Alves RFS, Schuler-faccini L. Microcephaly prevalence after the 2015 to 2016 Zika outbreak in Tangará da Serra, Brazil: a population-based study. Reproductive and Developmental Medicine 2022; 6:98-103. [DOI: 10.1097/rd9.0000000000000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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29
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Lima MLD, Cabral ÁS, Bittar C, Falleiros Junior LR, Guerra LHA, Carneiro BM, de Souza Ferreira LC, Nogueira ML, Taboga SR, Calmon MF, Rahal P. Early infection of Zika virus in the male reproductive system of AG129 mice: molecular and immunohistochemical evaluation. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1279-1287. [PMID: 35460509 PMCID: PMC9433484 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00761-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV), an important arbovirus, and the virus persistence in semen raise several questions about how and where it circulates in the male reproductive system (MRS). Several studies reported detection of the virus in testes, epididymis, and prostate at 5 days post-infection (dpi) or more in animal models. In the present study, we investigated the interactions of ZIKV with mouse MRS using the AG129 strain, a ZIKV permissive immunodeficient mouse strain, at two dpi. Viral RNA was detected in blood, testes, epididymis, and prostatic complexes (prostate and seminal vesicles). Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses, based on the envelope protein, showed an early infection in organs of MRS since ZIKV positive antigens were detected in cells within or surrounding blood vessels, Sertoli, and germ cells in testes and epithelial cells in epididymis and prostate. Positive antigens for NS5 protein, the virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, were also detected by IHC in these organs and circulating leukocytes, suggesting that the virus replicates in these sites as early as 2 days post-infection. Analysis of the early stages of ZIKV infection in MRS may improve the current knowledge about this issue and contribute to the development of therapies directed to the infection at this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letícia Duarte Lima
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ágata Silva Cabral
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cintia Bittar
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Roberto Falleiros Junior
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Alves Guerra
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Moreira Carneiro
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Exact and Natural Science, Rondonópolis Federal University (UFR), Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, São José Do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Freitas Calmon
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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de Aguiar EB, Pone SM, Gomes Junior SCDS, Soares FVM, Zin AA, Vasconcelos ZFM, Ribeiro CTM, Pereira Junior JP, Moreira MEL, Nielsen-Saines K, Pone MVDS. Anthropometric Parameters of Children with Congenital Zika Virus Exposure in the First Three Years of Life. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050876. [PMID: 35632618 PMCID: PMC9147871 DOI: 10.3390/v14050876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure on growth in the first years of life. In this prospective cohort study,201 ZIKV antenatally-exposed children were followed at a tertiary referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Eighty-seven were classified as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) patients and 114 as not congenital Zika syndrome (NCZS); growth parameters were described and compared between groups and with WHO standard growth curves. Thirty-four (39%) newborns with CZS and seven (6%) NCZS were small for gestational age (p < 0.001). NCZS mean weight measures ranged from −0.45 ± 0.1 to 0.27 ± 0.2 standard deviations (SD) from the WHO growth curve median during follow-up, versus −1.84 ± 0.2 to −2.15 ± 0.2 SD for the CZS group (p < 0.001). Length mean z-scores varied from −0.3 ± 0.1 at 1 month to 0.17 ± 0.2 SD between 31 and 36 months in the NCZS group, versus −2.3 ± 0.3 to −2.0 ± 0.17 SD in the CZS group (p < 0.001). Weight/height (W/H) and BMI z-scores reached -1.45 ± 0.2 SD in CZS patients between 31 and 36 months, versus 0.23 ± 0.2 SD in the NCZS group (p < 0.01). Between 25 and 36 months of age, more than 50% of the 70 evaluated CZS children were below weight and height limits; 36 (37.1%) were below the W/H cut-off. Gastrostomy was performed in 23 (26%) children with CZS. During the first three years of life, CZS patients had severe and early growth deficits, while growth of NCZS children was normal by WHO standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barroso de Aguiar
- National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents’ Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil; (S.M.P.); (S.C.d.S.G.J.); (F.V.M.S.); (A.A.Z.); (Z.F.M.V.); (C.T.M.R.); (J.P.P.J.); (M.E.L.M.); (M.V.d.S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-99584-9013
| | - Sheila Moura Pone
- National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents’ Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil; (S.M.P.); (S.C.d.S.G.J.); (F.V.M.S.); (A.A.Z.); (Z.F.M.V.); (C.T.M.R.); (J.P.P.J.); (M.E.L.M.); (M.V.d.S.P.)
| | - Saint Clair dos Santos Gomes Junior
- National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents’ Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil; (S.M.P.); (S.C.d.S.G.J.); (F.V.M.S.); (A.A.Z.); (Z.F.M.V.); (C.T.M.R.); (J.P.P.J.); (M.E.L.M.); (M.V.d.S.P.)
| | - Fernanda Valente Mendes Soares
- National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents’ Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil; (S.M.P.); (S.C.d.S.G.J.); (F.V.M.S.); (A.A.Z.); (Z.F.M.V.); (C.T.M.R.); (J.P.P.J.); (M.E.L.M.); (M.V.d.S.P.)
| | - Andrea Araujo Zin
- National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents’ Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil; (S.M.P.); (S.C.d.S.G.J.); (F.V.M.S.); (A.A.Z.); (Z.F.M.V.); (C.T.M.R.); (J.P.P.J.); (M.E.L.M.); (M.V.d.S.P.)
| | - Zilton Farias Meira Vasconcelos
- National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents’ Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil; (S.M.P.); (S.C.d.S.G.J.); (F.V.M.S.); (A.A.Z.); (Z.F.M.V.); (C.T.M.R.); (J.P.P.J.); (M.E.L.M.); (M.V.d.S.P.)
| | - Carla Trevisan Martins Ribeiro
- National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents’ Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil; (S.M.P.); (S.C.d.S.G.J.); (F.V.M.S.); (A.A.Z.); (Z.F.M.V.); (C.T.M.R.); (J.P.P.J.); (M.E.L.M.); (M.V.d.S.P.)
| | - José Paulo Pereira Junior
- National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents’ Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil; (S.M.P.); (S.C.d.S.G.J.); (F.V.M.S.); (A.A.Z.); (Z.F.M.V.); (C.T.M.R.); (J.P.P.J.); (M.E.L.M.); (M.V.d.S.P.)
| | - Maria Elisabeth Lopes Moreira
- National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents’ Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil; (S.M.P.); (S.C.d.S.G.J.); (F.V.M.S.); (A.A.Z.); (Z.F.M.V.); (C.T.M.R.); (J.P.P.J.); (M.E.L.M.); (M.V.d.S.P.)
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Marcos Vinicius da Silva Pone
- National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents’ Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil; (S.M.P.); (S.C.d.S.G.J.); (F.V.M.S.); (A.A.Z.); (Z.F.M.V.); (C.T.M.R.); (J.P.P.J.); (M.E.L.M.); (M.V.d.S.P.)
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31
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Beckman D, Seelke AMH, Bennett J, Dougherty P, Van Rompay KKA, Keesler R, Pesavento PA, Coffey LLA, Morrison JH, Bliss-Moreau E. Neuroanatomical abnormalities in a nonhuman primate model of congenital Zika virus infection. eLife 2022; 11:64734. [PMID: 35261339 PMCID: PMC8906804 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated neuropathological consequences of fetal ZIKV exposure in rhesus monkeys, a translatable animal model for human neural development, by carrying out quantitative neuroanatomical analyses of the nearly full-term brains of fetuses infected with ZIKV and procedure-matched controls. For each animal, a complete cerebral hemisphere was evaluated using immunohistochemical (IHC) and neuroanatomical techniques to detect virus, identify affected cell types, and evaluate gross neuroanatomical abnormalities. IHC staining revealed the presence of ZIKV in the frontal lobe, which contained activated microglia and showed increased apoptosis of immature neurons. ZIKV-infected animals exhibited macrostructural changes within the visual pathway. Regional differences tracked with the developmental timing of the brain, suggesting inflammatory processes related to viral infiltration swept through the cortex, followed by a wave of cell death resulting in morphological changes. These findings may help explain why some infants born with normal sized heads during the ZIKV epidemic manifest developmental challenges as they age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Beckman
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Adele M H Seelke
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Psychology, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Jeffrey Bennett
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Psychology, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Paige Dougherty
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Psychology, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Rebekah Keesler
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Patricia A Pesavento
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Lark L A Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - John H Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Psychology, UC Davis, Davis, United States
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32
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Bezemer B, van Cleef KW, Overheul GJ, Miesen P, van Rij RP. The calcium channel inhibitor lacidipine inhibits Zika virus replication in neural progenitor cells. Antiviral Res 2022; 202:105313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Pu J, He X, Xu W, Wang C, Lan Q, Hua C, Wang K, Lu L, Jiang S. The Analogs of Furanyl Methylidene Rhodanine Exhibit Broad-Spectrum Inhibitory and Inactivating Activities against Enveloped Viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants. Viruses 2022; 14:489. [PMID: 35336896 PMCID: PMC8954792 DOI: 10.3390/v14030489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, infectious diseases caused by viral infections have seriously endangered human health, especially COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, which continues to spread worldwide. The development of broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitors is urgently needed. Here, we report a series of small-molecule compounds that proved effective against human coronaviruses (HCoV), such as SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern (VOCs), including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529), SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV-OC43, and other viruses with class I viral fusion proteins, such as influenza virus, Ebola virus (EBOV), Nipah virus (NiV), and Lassa fever virus (LASV). They are also effective against class II enveloped viruses represented by ZIKV and class III enveloped viruses represented by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Further studies have shown that these compounds may exert antiviral effects through a variety of mechanisms, including inhibiting the formation of the six-helix bundle, which is a typical feature of enveloped virus fusion with cell membranes, and/or targeting viral membrane to inactivate cell-free virions. These compounds are expected to become drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 and other enveloped viruses.
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Santiago HC, Pereira-Neto TA, Gonçalves-Pereira MH, Terzian ACB, Durbin AP. Peculiarities of Zika Immunity and Vaccine Development: Lessons from Dengue and the Contribution from Controlled Human Infection Model. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030294. [PMID: 35335618 PMCID: PMC8951202 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) was first isolated from a rhesus macaque in the Zika forest of Uganda in 1947. Isolated cases were reported until 2007, when the first major outbreaks of Zika infection were reported from the Island of Yap in Micronesia and from French Polynesia in 2013. In 2015, ZIKV started to circulate in Latin America, and in 2016, ZIKV was considered by WHO to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern due to cases of Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS), a ZIKV-associated complication never observed before. After a peak of cases in 2016, the infection incidence dropped dramatically but still causes concern because of the associated microcephaly cases, especially in regions where the dengue virus (DENV) is endemic and co-circulates with ZIKV. A vaccine could be an important tool to mitigate CZS in endemic countries. However, the immunological relationship between ZIKV and other flaviviruses, especially DENV, and the low numbers of ZIKV infections are potential challenges for developing and testing a vaccine against ZIKV. Here, we discuss ZIKV vaccine development with the perspective of the immunological concerns implicated by DENV-ZIKV cross-reactivity and the use of a controlled human infection model (CHIM) as a tool to accelerate vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helton C. Santiago
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (T.A.P.-N.); (M.H.G.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-3409-2664
| | - Tertuliano A. Pereira-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (T.A.P.-N.); (M.H.G.-P.)
| | - Marcela H. Gonçalves-Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, MG, Brazil; (T.A.P.-N.); (M.H.G.-P.)
| | - Ana C. B. Terzian
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Rene Rachou Institute, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil;
| | - Anna P. Durbin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
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Paiva IA, Familiar-Macedo D, Badolato-Corrêa J, Carvalho FR, Dias HG, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, dos Santos CF, Silva AA, de Azeredo EL, Vianna RADO, Cardoso CAA, Grifoni A, Sette A, Weiskopf D, de-Oliveira-Pinto LM. Involvement of Th1Th17 Cell Subpopulations in the Immune Responses of Mothers Who Gave Birth to Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Viruses 2022; 14:v14020250. [PMID: 35215843 PMCID: PMC8879837 DOI: 10.3390/v14020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of T helper 17 cell (Th17)-related cytokines have been shown in acute Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. We hypothesized that the high levels of Th17-related cytokines, associated with a regulatory environment during pregnancy, create a favorable milieu for the differentiation of CD4+Th17 cells. We present data from a cross-sectional study on mothers who confirmed ZIKV infection by qRT-PCR and their children. We also recruited non-pregnant women infected with ZIKV in the same period. ZIKV infection occurred between 2015 and 2017. We collected samples for this study between 2018 and 2019, years after the initial infection. We highlight that, after in vitro stimulation with ZIKV CD4 megapool (ZIKV MP), we found a lower frequency of IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells (Th17), especially in the mothers, confirmed by the decrease in IL-17 production in the supernatant. However, a higher frequency of CD4+ IL-17+ IFN-γ+ T cells (Th1Th17) responding to the ZIKV MP was observed in the cells of the mothers and children but not in those of the non-pregnant women. Our data indicate that the priming of CD4 T cells of the Th1Th17 phenotype occurred preferentially in the mothers who gave birth to children with CZS and in the children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iury Amancio Paiva
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.A.P.); (D.F.-M.); (J.B.-C.); (H.G.D.); (C.F.d.S.); (E.L.d.A.)
| | - Débora Familiar-Macedo
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.A.P.); (D.F.-M.); (J.B.-C.); (H.G.D.); (C.F.d.S.); (E.L.d.A.)
| | - Jéssica Badolato-Corrêa
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.A.P.); (D.F.-M.); (J.B.-C.); (H.G.D.); (C.F.d.S.); (E.L.d.A.)
| | - Fabiana Rabe Carvalho
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research in Nephrology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil; (F.R.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.A.A.C.)
| | - Helver Gonçalves Dias
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.A.P.); (D.F.-M.); (J.B.-C.); (H.G.D.); (C.F.d.S.); (E.L.d.A.)
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA;
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fernandes dos Santos
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.A.P.); (D.F.-M.); (J.B.-C.); (H.G.D.); (C.F.d.S.); (E.L.d.A.)
| | - Andréa Alice Silva
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research in Nephrology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil; (F.R.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.A.A.C.)
| | - Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.A.P.); (D.F.-M.); (J.B.-C.); (H.G.D.); (C.F.d.S.); (E.L.d.A.)
| | | | - Claudete Aparecida Araújo Cardoso
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research in Nephrology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil; (F.R.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.A.A.C.)
- Department of Maternal and Child, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil;
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (A.G.); (A.S.); (D.W.)
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (A.G.); (A.S.); (D.W.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (A.G.); (A.S.); (D.W.)
| | - Luzia Maria de-Oliveira-Pinto
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.A.P.); (D.F.-M.); (J.B.-C.); (H.G.D.); (C.F.d.S.); (E.L.d.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Microcephaly or reduced head circumference results from a multitude of abnormal developmental processes affecting brain growth and/or leading to brain atrophy. Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is the prototype of isolated primary (congenital) microcephaly, affecting predominantly the cerebral cortex. For MCPH, an accelerating number of mutated genes emerge annually, and they are involved in crucial steps of neurogenesis. In this review article, we provide a deeper look into the microcephalic MCPH brain. We explore cytoarchitecture focusing on the cerebral cortex and discuss diverse processes occurring at the level of neural progenitors, early generated and mature neurons, and glial cells. We aim to thereby give an overview of current knowledge in MCPH phenotype and normal brain growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Zaqout
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Angela M. Kaindl
- Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Quintans MDS, Bueno AC, Cardoso CAA. Microcephaly caused by or associated with congenital infections in the last 20 years in Brazil: a systematic review. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e7. [PMID: 35137901 PMCID: PMC8815834 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to identify the pathogens causing or associated with congenital microcephaly in Brazil in the last 20 years due to the lack of official information by the Health Authorities and, as a consequence the uncertainty on the real infectious etiology of congenital microcephaly. A review protocol was prepared according to the PRISMA recommendation, using the PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases to search for references presenting original data on microcephaly caused by or associated with congenital infectious in Brazil, using the descriptors “MICROCEPHALY AND INFECTION”. The search ended on 30/Jun/2020. All selected titles were read in full and analyzed independently by the three reviewers. After searching the databases, 2,389 articles were selected for title review. Of these, 109 were excluded due to duplicates and 2,236 according to the criteria defined in the review. Only 44 met the eligibility criteria and were therefore read in full. Data extraction was performed on 10 articles, all published after 2015. Seven studies were literature reviews or case series, only two were case-control, and one was a cross-sectional study. As the studies focused on the period of the ZIKV epidemic in Brazil, the cases of congenital microcephaly between 2015 and 2017 were attributed to maternal infection by this virus when it was not possible to prove the presence of other etiological agents. Among the TORCH agents, a predominance of syphilis was observed. The analyzed studies did not add consistent information about the infectious causes or association of microcephaly in Brazil outside the period of ZIKV epidemic, revealing the need for more studies on the subject.
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Corchuelo S, Gómez CY, Rosales AA, Santamaria G, Rivera JA, Saad EP, Torres-Fernández O, Rengifo AC. CISH and IHC for the Simultaneous Detection of ZIKV RNA and Antigens in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Cell Blocks and Tissues. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e319. [PMID: 34936226 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus is an arthropod-borne virus that has recently emerged as a significant public health emergency due to its association with congenital malformations. Serological and molecular tests are typically used to confirm Zika virus infection. These methods, however, have limitations when the interest is in localizing the virus within the tissue and identifying the specific cell types involved in viral dissemination. Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are common histological techniques used for intracellular localization of RNA and protein expression, respectively. The combined use of CISH and IHC is important to obtain information about RNA replication and the location of infected target cells involved in Zika virus neuropathogenesis. There are no reports, however, of detailed procedures for the simultaneous detection of Zika virus RNA and proteins in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Furthermore, the chromogenic detection methods for Zika virus RNA published thus far use expensive commercial kits, limiting their widespread use. As an alternative, we describe here a detailed and cost-effective step-by-step procedure for the simultaneous detection of Zika virus RNA and proteins in FFPE samples. First, we describe how to synthesize and purify homemade RNA probes conjugated with digoxygenin. Then, we outline the steps to perform the chromogenic detection of Zika virus RNA using these probes, and how to combine this technique with the immunodetection of viral antigens. To illustrate the entire workflow, we use FFPE samples derived from infected Vero cells as well as from human and mouse brain tissues. These methods are highly adaptable and can be used to study Zika virus or even other viruses of public health relevance, providing an optimal and economical alternative for laboratories with limited resources. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of RNA probes conjugated with digoxigenin (DIG) Basic Protocol 2: Simultaneous detection of ZIKV RNA and proteins in FFPE cell blocks and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryll Corchuelo
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Claudia Y Gómez
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Alicia A Rosales
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Gerardo Santamaria
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Jorge Alonso Rivera
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Edgar Parra Saad
- Grupo de Patología, Dirección de Redes en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Orlando Torres-Fernández
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Aura Caterine Rengifo
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
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Henderson AD, Ventura CV, Huisman TAGM, Meoded A, Hazin AN, van der Linden V, de Lima Petribu NC, May WN. Characterization of Visual Pathway Abnormalities in Infants With Congenital Zika Syndrome Using Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Neuroophthalmol 2021; 41:e598-e605. [PMID: 33136667 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe visual impairment is present in nearly all infants with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS); however, ocular abnormalities are present only in a subset of these infants. The purpose of this study was to characterize the visual pathway abnormalities seen on computed tomography (CT) and MRI scans in infants with CZS. METHODS Preliminary neuroimaging information was obtained from a referred sample of 105 infants with clinical and epidemiologic data consistent with CZS in the Pernambuco state of Brazil. Subjects were excluded if Zika virus infection was not confirmed by serologic or cerebrospinal fluid studies or if images were nondiagnostic. Of the 105 subjects initially screened, head CT images adequate for interpretation were available for 54, and brain MRI images adequate for interpretation were available for 20. Four patients had both CT and MRI images. Magnetic resonance imaging and CT scans from infants with CZS were systematically reviewed for globe malformations, optic nerve and chiasmal atrophy, occipital cortical volume loss, white matter abnormalities, ventriculomegaly, and calcifications. Neuroimaging findings were correlated with measures of visual function and with ocular examinations in these infants. RESULTS Thirty-three males and 37 females were included in the analysis. The mean age of the infants at the time of neuroimaging was 16.0 weeks (range 0 days-15.5 months), and the mean gestational age at the time of birth was 38 weeks. All patients were from the Pernambuco state of Brazil. Overall, 70 of 74 (95%) scans showed occipital volume loss, whereas 9 (12%) showed optic nerve atrophy, 3 (4%) showed chiasmal atrophy, and 1 (1%) showed an ocular calcification. Sixty-two of the infants underwent ophthalmologic examinations. A total of 34 (55%) infants had at least one documented structural ocular abnormality, and 26 (42%) had at least one structural ocular abnormality documented in both eyes. Of those with available visual acuity data, all had visual impairment. Among those with visual impairment and normal eye examinations, 100% had visual pathway abnormalities on neuroimaging, including 100% with occipital cortical volume loss, 8% with optic nerve atrophy, and 8% with chiasmal atrophy. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that cortical visual impairment related to structural abnormalities of the occipital cortex is likely an important cause of visual impairment in children with CZS with normal eye examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D Henderson
- Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology (ADH), Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Ophthalmology (CVV), Altino Ventura Foundation, Recife, Brazil ; Department of Ophthalmology (CVV), HOPE Eye Hospital, Recife, Brazil ; Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology (TAGMH, AM), the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology (TAGMH, AM), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (ANH, NCLP), Recife, Brazil ; Departments of Pediatric Neurology (VL) and Radiology (NCLP), Barão de Lucena Hospital, Recife, Brazil; and Division of Comprehensive Ophthalmology (WNM), Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Melo DG, Sanseverino MTV, Schmalfuss TDO, Larrandaburu M. Why are Birth Defects Surveillance Programs Important? Front Public Health 2021; 9:753342. [PMID: 34796160 PMCID: PMC8592920 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.753342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Gusmão Melo
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Vieira Sanseverino
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Mariela Larrandaburu
- Disability and Rehabilitation Program, Ministry of Public Health of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Adam A, Jassoy C. Epidemiology and Laboratory Diagnostics of Dengue, Yellow Fever, Zika, and Chikungunya Virus Infections in Africa. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101324. [PMID: 34684274 PMCID: PMC8541377 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbovirus infections are widespread, and their disease burden has increased in the past decade. In Africa, arbovirus infections and fever with unknown etiology are common. Due to the lack of well-established epidemiologic surveillance systems and accurate differential diagnosis in most African countries, little is known about the prevalence of human arbovirus infections in Africa. The aim of this review is to summarize the available epidemiological data and diagnostic laboratory tools of infections with dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya viruses, all transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Studies indicate that these arboviral infections are endemic in most of Africa. Surveillance of the incidence and prevalence of the infections would enable medical doctors to improve the diagnostic accuracy in patients with typical symptoms. If possible, arboviral diagnostic tests should be added to the routine healthcare systems. Healthcare providers should be informed about the prevalent arboviral diseases to identify possible cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadalkareem Adam
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (C.J.); Tel.: +49-341-9714314 (C.J.); Fax: +49-341-9714309 (C.J.)
| | - Christian Jassoy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (C.J.); Tel.: +49-341-9714314 (C.J.); Fax: +49-341-9714309 (C.J.)
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Azevedo de Almeida V, Gonçalves RP, Morya E, Cavalcanti Simas LE, Rodrigues Arrais NM, Lisboa LL, Costa Monteiro LM, Antônio de Oliveira Freitas Júnior R. Evaluation of bladder and bowel functions in children with microcephaly and congenital zika syndrome. J Pediatr Urol 2021; 17:733.e1-733.e8. [PMID: 34325995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) present structural cortical changes that may compromise the integrity of their connections with urinary and digestive systems, causing bowel and bladder dysfunctions. OBJECTIVE To evaluate bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) in children with CZS. STUDY DESIGN This is an observational cross-sectional study of a series of CZS cases. Urinary tracts were investigated using a bladder function protocol consisting of clinical history, detailed physical examination, laboratory tests, ultrasound of the lower and upper urinary tracts, and urodynamic evaluation. The bowel function protocol expanded anamnesis with questions related to signs and symptoms of functional disorders, Bristol scale, and ultrasound of the rectal ampoule. RESULTS Forty children with CZS, aged between one and five years were included. The majority (80%) had bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD), 12.5% had bladder dysfunction only, and 7.5% only bowel dysfunction. A reduced bladder capacity was confirmed in 36 patients (90%), while 15 (40%) presented postvoid residual greater than 20% of their cystometric capacity. Thirty-five patients (87.5%) presented four signs/symptoms of functional bowel disorders and the rectal ampoule ultrasound was >2.9 cm in 21 (52.5%). Moreover, 19 (47.5%) presented urinary tract infection, while 5 (12.5%) developed pyelonephritis and required hospitalization. Renal ultrasound showed nephrolithiasis in three (7.5%), one (2.5%) presented horseshoe kidney, and a duplicated collecting system was found in three patients. Cryptorchidism was presented in eight (34%). DISCUSSION Our study confirmed the presence of BBD in 80% of the children with CZS studied in this series. This is the first time that bowel dysfunction is confirmed in the settings of CZS. This recognition will facilitate early identification and appropriate therapies in an attempt to reduce complications. One limitation of the study is the absence of a control group. Due to the new aspects of CZS, it has been difficult to find a suitable group of patients with neurological disorders to compare and performing urodynamic studies in children without neurological or non-neurological voiding dysfunction is unethical. Appropriate control groups for future studies may be children with microcephaly due to other causes or older children with CZS who were not yet investigated or treated. Another limitation is the lack of a standard quantitative evaluation of bowel dysfunction in children with neurological disorders. CONCLUSION Bladder and bowel dysfunction was confirmed in 80% of the children with CZS. This is a new Zika virus-associated neuromuscular disorder that needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Azevedo de Almeida
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Neuroscience Institute (IIN-ELS) - Alberto Santos Dumont Education and Research Institute (ISD), Macaíba, RN Brazil.
| | - Rafael Pauletti Gonçalves
- Anita Garibaldi Center for Education and Research in Health (CEPS) - Alberto Santos Dumont Education and Research Institute (ISD), Macaíba, RN Brazil
| | - Edgard Morya
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Neuroscience Institute (IIN-ELS) - Alberto Santos Dumont Education and Research Institute (ISD), Macaíba, RN Brazil
| | - Luiza Emilia Cavalcanti Simas
- Anita Garibaldi Center for Education and Research in Health (CEPS) - Alberto Santos Dumont Education and Research Institute (ISD), Macaíba, RN Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Lira Lisboa
- Anita Garibaldi Center for Education and Research in Health (CEPS) - Alberto Santos Dumont Education and Research Institute (ISD), Macaíba, RN Brazil
| | - Lucia Maria Costa Monteiro
- National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents Fernandes Health Figueira (IFF), FIOCRUZ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Antônio de Oliveira Freitas Júnior
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Neuroscience Institute (IIN-ELS) - Alberto Santos Dumont Education and Research Institute (ISD), Macaíba, RN Brazil; Anita Garibaldi Center for Education and Research in Health (CEPS) - Alberto Santos Dumont Education and Research Institute (ISD), Macaíba, RN Brazil
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Temurok N, Leon F, Pinchon E, Clot M, Foulongne V, Cantaloube JF, Vande Perre P, Fournier-Wirth C, Molès JP, Daynès A. Magnetic field-enhanced agglutination as a readout for rapid serologic assays with human plasma. Talanta 2021; 233:122407. [PMID: 34215097 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent virus outbreaks have revealed a critical need for large scale serological assays. However, many available tests either require a cumbersome, costly apparatus or lack the availability of full automation. In order to address these limitations, we describe a homogeneous assay for antibody detection via measurement of superparamagnetic particles agglutination. Application of a magnetic field permits to overcome the limitations governed by Brownian translational diffusion in conventional assays and results in an important acceleration of the aggregation process as well as an improvement of the limit of detection. Furthermore, the use of protein-concentrated fluid such as 5 times-diluted human plasma does not impair the performances of the method. Screening of human plasma samples shows a strict discrimination between seropositive and seronegative samples in an assay duration as short as 14 s. The sensitivity of this method, combined with its quickness and simplicity, makes it a promising diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevzat Temurok
- HORIBA ABX SAS, Parc Euromédecine, Rue du Caducée BP 7290, 34184, Montpellier, CEDEX 4, France
| | - Fanny Leon
- Pathogénèse et Contrôle des infections chroniques et émergentes, Université de Montpellier, EFS, Inserm, Université des Antilles, 60 rue de Navacelles, 34394, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Elena Pinchon
- Pathogénèse et Contrôle des infections chroniques et émergentes, Université de Montpellier, EFS, Inserm, Université des Antilles, 60 rue de Navacelles, 34394, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Martine Clot
- HORIBA ABX SAS, Parc Euromédecine, Rue du Caducée BP 7290, 34184, Montpellier, CEDEX 4, France
| | - Vincent Foulongne
- Pathogénèse et Contrôle des infections chroniques et émergentes, Université de Montpellier, EFS, Inserm, Université des Antilles, 60 rue de Navacelles, 34394, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-François Cantaloube
- Pathogénèse et Contrôle des infections chroniques et émergentes, Université de Montpellier, EFS, Inserm, Université des Antilles, 60 rue de Navacelles, 34394, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Philippe Vande Perre
- Pathogénèse et Contrôle des infections chroniques et émergentes, Université de Montpellier, EFS, Inserm, Université des Antilles, 60 rue de Navacelles, 34394, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Chantal Fournier-Wirth
- Pathogénèse et Contrôle des infections chroniques et émergentes, Université de Montpellier, EFS, Inserm, Université des Antilles, 60 rue de Navacelles, 34394, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Molès
- Pathogénèse et Contrôle des infections chroniques et émergentes, Université de Montpellier, EFS, Inserm, Université des Antilles, 60 rue de Navacelles, 34394, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Aurélien Daynès
- HORIBA ABX SAS, Parc Euromédecine, Rue du Caducée BP 7290, 34184, Montpellier, CEDEX 4, France.
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Marbán-Castro E, Goncé A, Fumadó V, Romero-Acevedo L, Bardají A. Zika virus infection in pregnant women and their children: A review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 265:162-8. [PMID: 34508989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. ZIKV can be transmitted to humans by non-vector borne mechanisms such as sexual intercourse, maternal-foetal transmission or blood transfusion. In 2015, ZIKV emerged in the Americas, and spread to 87 countries and territories with autochthonous transmission, distributed across four of the six WHO regions. Most ZIKV infections in pregnancy are asymptomatic, but mother to child transmission of the virus can occur in 20 to 30% of cases and cause severe foetal and child defects. Children exposed to ZIKV while in utero might develop a pattern of structural anomalies and functional disabilities secondary to central nervous system damage, known as congenital Zika syndrome, and whose most common clinical feature is microcephaly. Normocephalic children born to mothers with ZIKV infection in pregnancy, and with no observable Zika-associated birth defects, may also present with later neurodevelopmental delay or post-natal microcephaly. Screening and detection of ZIKV infection in pregnancy is essential, because most women with ZIKV infection are asymptomatic and clinical manifestations are non-specific. However, the diagnosis of ZIKV infection poses multiple challenges due to limited resources and scarce laboratory capabilities in most affected areas, the narrow window of time that the virus persists in the bloodstream, the large proportion of asymptomatic infections, and the cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses such as Dengue virus (DENV). Molecular methods (RT-PCR) are the most reliable tool to confirm ZIKV infection, as serodiagnosis requires confirmation with neutralization tests in case of inconclusive or positive serology results. Prenatal ultrasound assessment is essential for monitoring foetal development and early detection of possible severe anomalies. A mid- and long-term follow-up of children exposed to ZIKV while in utero is necessary to promptly detect clinical manifestations of possible neurological impairment. Tweetable abstract: Zika virus infection during pregnancy is a cause of pregnancy loss and disability in children. Protection against mosquito bites, access to sexual and reproductive health services, prompt screening and detection of ZIKV infection in pregnancy, and prenatal ultrasound monitoring are key control strategies whilst a vaccine is not available.
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Nakayama E, Kawai Y, Taniguchi S, Hazlewood JE, Shibasaki KI, Takahashi K, Sato Y, Tang B, Yan K, Katsuta N, Tajima S, Lim CK, Suzuki T, Suhrbier A, Saijo M. Embryonic Stage of Congenital Zika Virus Infection Determines Fetal and Postnatal Outcomes in Mice. Viruses 2021; 13:1807. [PMID: 34578389 DOI: 10.3390/v13091807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy causes a wide spectrum of congenital abnormalities and postnatal developmental sequelae such as fetal loss, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), microcephaly, or motor and neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we investigated whether a mouse pregnancy model recapitulated a wide range of symptoms after congenital ZIKV infection, and whether the embryonic age of congenital infection changed the fetal or postnatal outcomes. Infection with ZIKV strain PRVABC59 from embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5) to E8.5, corresponding to the mid-first trimester in humans, caused fetal death, fetal resorption, or severe IUGR, whereas infection from E9.5 to E14.5, corresponding to the late-first to second trimester in humans, caused stillbirth, neonatal death, microcephaly, and postnatal growth deficiency. Furthermore, 4-week-old offspring born to dams infected at E12.5 showed abnormalities in neuropsychiatric state, motor behavior, autonomic function, or reflex and sensory function. Thus, our model recapitulated the multiple symptoms seen in human cases, and the embryonic age of congenital infection was one of the determinant factors of offspring outcomes in mice. Furthermore, maternal neutralizing antibodies protected the offspring from neonatal death after congenital infection at E9.5, suggesting that neonatal death in our model could serve as criteria for screening of vaccine candidates.
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Ellington SR, Simeone RM, Serrano-Rodriguez RA, Bertolli J, Swartzendruber A, Goldberg HI, Mercado AS, Jamieson DJ, Honein MA, Cordero JF, Shapiro-Mendoza CK. Zika Prevention Behaviors Among Women of Reproductive Age in Puerto Rico, 2016. Am J Prev Med 2021; 61:e149-e155. [PMID: 33952412 PMCID: PMC9843536 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zika virus is primarily transmitted through mosquito bites. Because Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects, reproductive-aged women need protection from Zika virus infection. This report describes Zika virus prevention behaviors among women aged 18-49 years and assesses whether pregnancy status and healthcare provider counseling increases Zika virus prevention behaviors. METHODS A population-based cell phone survey of women aged 18-49 years living in Puerto Rico was conducted in July-November 2016. Data were analyzed in 2018-2019. Prevalence estimates and 95% CIs were calculated for Zika virus prevention behaviors. Adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated to examine the association of pregnancy status with healthcare provider counseling on Zika virus prevention behaviors, controlling for age, education, and health insurance status. RESULTS Most women reported using screens on open doors/windows (87.7%) and eliminating standing water in/around their homes (92.3%). Other Zika virus prevention behaviors were less common (<33%). In adjusted analysis, pregnant women were more likely than women not at risk for unintended pregnancy to report using mosquito repellent every/most days (adjusted prevalence ratio=1.44, 95% CI=1.13, 1.85). Healthcare provider counseling was associated with receiving professional spraying/larvicide treatment (adjusted prevalence ratio=1.42, 95% CI=1.17, 1.74), sleeping under a bed net (adjusted prevalence ratio=2.37, 95% CI=1.33, 4.24), using mosquito repellent (adjusted prevalence ratio=1.57, 95% CI=1.40, 1.77), and wearing long sleeves/pants (adjusted prevalence ratio=1.32, 95% CI=1.12, 1.55). CONCLUSIONS Receipt of healthcare provider counseling was more consistently associated with Zika virus prevention behaviors than pregnancy status. Healthcare provider counseling is an important strategy for increasing the uptake of Zika virus prevention behaviors among women aged 18-49 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha R Ellington
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
| | - Regina M Simeone
- Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Jeanne Bertolli
- Division of Human Development and Disability, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrea Swartzendruber
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Howard I Goldberg
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Denise J Jamieson
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Margaret A Honein
- Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - José F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Berberian G, Bologna R, Pérez MG, Mangano A, Costa M, Calligaris S, Morales MA, Rugilo C, Ruiz-Burga E, Thorne C. Causes of Microcephaly in the Zika Era in Argentina: A Retrospective Study. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X211040968. [PMID: 34435083 PMCID: PMC8381406 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x211040968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are gaps in understanding the causes and consequences of microcephaly. This paper describes the epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentations, and etiologies of children presenting microcephaly during the Zika outbreak in Argentina. This observational retrospective study conducted in the pediatric hospital of Juan P. Garrahan reviewed the medical records of 40 children presenting microcephaly between March 2017 and November 2019. The majority (60%) were males and born full-term. At first evaluation, microcephaly was defined as congenital (31/40, 77%) and associated with other features (68%) such as seizures, developmental delay, non-progressive chronic encephalopathy, and West Syndrome. It was found manifestations restricted to central nervous system (55%), ocular (8/40, 20%), and acoustic (9/40, 23%) defects, and abnormal neuroimaging findings (31/39, 79%). Non-infectious diseases were the primary cause of isolated microcephaly (21/37, 57%), largely related to genetic diseases (13/21, 62%). Only 3 were children were diagnosed with Congenital Zika infection (3/16, 7.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Bologna
- Hospital de Pediatria JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Andrea Mangano
- Hospital de Pediatria JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Costa
- Hospital de Pediatria JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María Alejandra Morales
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
| | - Carlos Rugilo
- Hospital de Pediatria JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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48
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Ribeiro RA, Mattos A, Meneghim MDC, Vedovello SAS, Borges TMD, Santamaria M. Oral and maxillofacial outcomes in children with microcephaly associated with the congenital Zika syndrome. Eur J Orthod 2021; 43:346-352. [PMID: 32524144 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study is to assess the oral and maxillofacial characteristics of microcephalic children associated with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). METHODS A cross-sectional, observational study was carried out with 61 patients with microcephaly/CZS born between June 2015 and September 2017 (29 boys and 32 girls, average age of 22.8 months) and a control group with 58 non-CZS children born in the same period (25 boys and 33 girls, average age of 23.8 months). The functional clinical analysis considered the labial and lingual frena, tongue anterior projection, oral escape, palate form, and first tooth eruption. For the craniofacial analysis, facial anthropometric points and the cephalic perimeter at the time were measured. Demographic data were collected from medical records, and a clinical exam was performed in order to register the intrabuccal characteristics and craniofacial measures. The chi-square test and Student's t-test were used with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS The narrow palate form, tongue anterior projection, oral escape, and late first tooth eruption were significantly more present in the group with microcephaly/CZS. As for the craniofacial analysis, face width (Bi-Zi), mandible width (Go-Go), height of face upper third (Tr-G), and monthly growth of cephalic perimeter were significantly smaller, whereas height of face lower third (Sn-Gn) was significantly bigger in the group with microcephaly/CZS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Children with microcephaly resulting from a congenital Zika infection showed functional, oral, and maxillofacial changes and smaller facial development in comparison with non-CZS children in the same age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Araújo Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Hermínio Ometto Foundation-FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Mattos
- Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Bahia State Department of Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de C Meneghim
- Department of Community Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, FOP-UNICAMP, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia A S Vedovello
- Graduate Program in Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Hermínio Ometto Foundation-FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Milton Santamaria
- Graduate Program in Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Hermínio Ometto Foundation-FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Hermínio Ometto Foundation-FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil
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49
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Vannella KM, Stein S, Connelly M, Swerczek J, Amaro-Carambot E, Coyle EM, Babyak A, Winkler CW, Saturday G, Gai ND, Hammoud DA, Dowd KA, Valencia LP, Ramos-Benitez MJ, Kindrachuk J, Pierson TC, Peterson KE, Brenchley JM, Whitehead SS, Khurana S, Herbert R, Chertow DS. Nonhuman primates exposed to Zika virus in utero are not protected against reinfection at 1 year postpartum. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/567/eaaz4997. [PMID: 33115950 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz4997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is limited information about the impact of Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure in utero on the anti-ZIKV immune responses of offspring. We infected six rhesus macaque dams with ZIKV early or late in pregnancy and studied four of their offspring over the course of a year postpartum. Despite evidence of ZIKV exposure in utero, we observed no structural brain abnormalities in the offspring. We detected infant-derived ZIKV-specific immunoglobulin A antibody responses and T cell memory responses during the first year postpartum in the two offspring born to dams infected with ZIKV early in pregnancy. Critically, although the infants had acquired some immunological memory of ZIKV, it was not sufficient to protect them against reinfection with ZIKV at 1 year postpartum. The four offspring reexposed to ZIKV at 1 year postpartum all survived but exhibited acute viremia and viral tropism to lymphoid tissues; three of four reexposed offspring exhibited spinal cord pathology. These data suggest that macaque infants born to dams infected with ZIKV during pregnancy remain susceptible to postnatal infection and consequent neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Vannella
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sydney Stein
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Connelly
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joanna Swerczek
- Experimental Primate Virology Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, MD 20837, USA
| | - Emerito Amaro-Carambot
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Coyle
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Ashley Babyak
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clayton W Winkler
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Neville D Gai
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dima A Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luis Perez Valencia
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marcos J Ramos-Benitez
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karin E Peterson
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Jason M Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steve S Whitehead
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Richard Herbert
- Experimental Primate Virology Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, MD 20837, USA
| | - Daniel S Chertow
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. .,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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50
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O'Connor AM. Applying Concepts of Causal Inference to Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2021; 37:267-278. [PMID: 34049658 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing causation, otherwise known as causal assessment, is a difficult task, made more difficult by the variety of causal assessment frameworks available to consider. In this article, Bradford Hill viewpoints are used to discuss the evidence base for Moraxella bovis and Moraxella bovoculi being component causes of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Each of the nine Bradford Hill viewpoints are introduced and explained: strength, consistency, specificity, temporality, biologic gradient, plausibility, coherence, experiment, and analogy. Examples of how the viewpoints have been applied for other causal relations are provided, and then the evidence base for M bovis and M bovoculi is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M O'Connor
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, Room G-100, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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