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Chen X, Liu H, Li M, Kang J, Li Y, Luo Y, Du X, Tan D, Wang Q, Gu X, Zhao Z, Fu X, Tang J. Association between clinical symptoms during the COVID-19 infection and SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G titers in COVID-19 convalescent whole-blood donors in China. Transfusion 2024. [PMID: 38661221 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies have explored the association between clinical symptoms and titers of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, whole-blood donors who had experienced a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection completed questionnaires at the time of blood donation. Plasma SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for high-titer COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) for each variable. RESULTS Among the total 386 donors, 120 (31%) donors with IgG titers ≥1:160 were classified as high-titer donors. The multivariable ORs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for high titers were 2.33 (1.45-3.75), 2.11 (1.29-3.43), 1.10 (1.01-1.21), 1.19 (1.00-1.43), and 1.97 (1.05-3.71) for sore throat, cough, symptom count, fever duration, and low fever (compared with non-fever), respectively. No significant association was observed between other symptoms and medical visits and the odds of high-titer CCP. The association between high-titer CCP and fever duration was restricted to confirmed COVID-19-infected donors, while associations with sore throat and cough remained significant in suspected infected donors. In addition, medical visit was positively associated with high-titer CCP in suspected donors, but not in confirmed donors. In bootstrapped logistic regression models, the associations remained significant and reproducible for medical visit in suspected donors and for sore throat and cough in both suspected donors and total donors. DISCUSSION Experiencing a sore throat and cough were associated with high-titer CCP in overall donors. We also identified sore throat, cough, and medical visits as potential predictors of high-titer CCP for suspected donors during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Humin Liu
- Department of Blood Testing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Li
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianxun Kang
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Blood Testing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinman Du
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Donglin Tan
- Department of Blood Processing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Gu
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zonghan Zhao
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Fu
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyun Tang
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Lebedin M, Ratswohl C, Garg A, Schips M, García CV, Spatt L, Thibeault C, Obermayer B, Weiner J, Velásquez IM, Gerhard C, Stubbemann P, Hanitsch LG, Pischon T, Witzenrath M, Sander LE, Kurth F, Meyer-Hermann M, de la Rosa K. Soluble ACE2 correlates with severe COVID-19 and can impair antibody responses. iScience 2024; 27:109330. [PMID: 38496296 PMCID: PMC10940809 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying immune modulators that impact neutralizing antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of great relevance. We postulated that high serum concentrations of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (sACE2) might mask the spike and interfere with antibody maturation toward the SARS-CoV-2-receptor-binding motif (RBM). We tested 717 longitudinal samples from 295 COVID-19 patients and showed a 2- to 10-fold increase of enzymatically active sACE2 (a-sACE2), with up to 1 μg/mL total sACE2 in moderate and severe patients. Fifty percent of COVID-19 sera inhibited ACE2 activity, in contrast to 1.3% of healthy donors and 4% of non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients. A mild inverse correlation of a-sACE2 with RBM-directed serum antibodies was observed. In silico, we show that sACE2 concentrations measured in COVID-19 sera can disrupt germinal center formation and inhibit timely production of high-affinity antibodies. We suggest that sACE2 is a biomarker for COVID-19 and that soluble receptors may contribute to immune suppression informing vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Lebedin
- Max-Delbück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Ratswohl
- Max-Delbück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Free University of Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amar Garg
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marta Schips
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Clara Vázquez García
- Max-Delbück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Spatt
- Max-Delbück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Thibeault
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - January Weiner
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilais Moreno Velásquez
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cathrin Gerhard
- Max-Delbück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Stubbemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif-Gunnar Hanitsch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Biobank Technology Platform, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Gießen, Germany
- CAPNETZ STIFTUNG, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Leif Erik Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Gießen, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kathrin de la Rosa
- Max-Delbück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Tan D, Du X, Tang J, Liu H, Li M, Kang J, Li X, Li Y, Luo Y, Wang Q, Gu X, Zhao Z, Fu X, Chen X. Factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin-G titer levels in convalescent whole-blood donors: a Chinese cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6072. [PMID: 38480826 PMCID: PMC10937670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood transfusions from convalescent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients could be used to treat patients with severe infections or immunocompromised patients. However, it is necessary to select the optimal donors to maximize the utilization of resources. In this study, we investigated the associations among body mass index (BMI), tobacco smoking, exercise frequency and duration, and alcohol consumption with the SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibody titer levels with in the Chinese convalescent blood donor population. Here we show that BMI, smoking habits, and exercise frequency appear to be predictive factors for IgG levels in convalescent male blood donors. However, these variables were not observed as predictive of IgG levels in female convalescent blood donors. The findings could be used to optimize the screening for potential blood donors to treat immunocompromised or severely ill COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Tan
- Department of Blood Processing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinman Du
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyun Tang
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Humin Liu
- Department of Blood Testing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Li
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianxun Kang
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Blood Processing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Blood Testing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Gu
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zonghan Zhao
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Fu
- Department of Blood Processing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Blood Processing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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4
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Rafique Z, Durkalski‐Mauldin V, Peacock WF, Yadav K, Reynolds JC, Callaway CW. Sex-specific disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2024; 5:e13110. [PMID: 38283615 PMCID: PMC10811409 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Sex-specific disparities in morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 illness are not well understood. Neutralizing antibodies (Ab) may protect against severe COVID-19 illness. We investigated the association of sex with disease progression and SARS-CoV-2 Ab response. Methods In this exploratory analysis of the phase 3, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled Convalescent Plasma in Outpatients (C3PO) trial, we examined whether sex was associated with progression to severe illness, defined as a composite of all-cause hospitalization, emergency/urgent care visit, or death within 15 days from study enrollment. Patients had a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test, symptom onset within 7 days, stable condition for emergency department discharge, and were either ≥50 years old or had at least one high-risk feature for disease progression. Patients received blinded convalescent plasma or placebo in a 1:1 fashion and were evaluated on days 15 and 30 after infusion. Blood samples were collected on day 0 (pre-/post-infusion), 15, and 30 to measure Ab levels with the Broad Institute using the Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test assay. Results Of 511 patients enrolled (median age 54 [Iinterquartile range 41-62] years, 46% male, 66% white, 20% black, 3.5% Asian), disease progression occurred in 36.7% of males and 25.9% of females (unadjusted risk difference 10.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8-18.8%). Sex-disparities did not persist when adjusted for treatment group, age, viremic status, symptom onset, and tobacco use (adjusted risk difference 5.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.2% to 13.4%), but were present in the subgroup presenting 3 or more days after symptom onset (adjusted risk difference 12.6%, 95% CI, 3.4% to 21.9%). Mean baseline Ab levels (log scale) available for 367 patients were similar between sexes (difference 0.19 log units, 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.46). The log-scale mean increase from baseline to day 15 after adjusting for treatment assignment and baseline levels was larger in males than females (3.26 vs. 2.67). A similar difference was noted when the groups were subdivided by outcome. Conclusions Progression of COVID-19 was similar in males and females when adjusted for age, tobacco use, and viremia status in this study. However, in the cohort presenting 3 or more days after symptom onset, COVID-19 outcomes were worse in males than females. Neutralizing Ab levels increased more in males but did not correlate with sex differences in outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubaid Rafique
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHenry J N Taub General HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - William F. Peacock
- Department of Emergency MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Kabir Yadav
- Department of Emergency MedicineHarbor‐UCLA Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joshua C. Reynolds
- Department of Emergency MedicineMichigan State University College of Human MedicineGrand RapidsMichiganUSA
| | - Clifton W. Callaway
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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5
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Schröder S, Richter A, Veith T, Emanuel J, Gudermann L, Friedmann K, Jeworowski LM, Mühlemann B, Jones TC, Müller MA, Corman VM, Drosten C. Characterization of intrinsic and effective fitness changes caused by temporarily fixed mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike E484 epitope and identification of an epistatic precondition for the evolution of E484A in variant Omicron. Virol J 2023; 20:257. [PMID: 37940989 PMCID: PMC10633978 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrinsic fitness costs are likely to have guided the selection of lineage-determining mutations during emergence of variants of SARS-CoV-2. Whereas changes in receptor affinity and antibody neutralization have been thoroughly mapped for individual mutations in spike, their influence on intrinsic replicative fitness remains understudied. METHODS We analyzed mutations in immunodominant spike epitope E484 that became temporarily fixed over the pandemic. We engineered the resulting immune escape mutations E484K, -A, and -Q in recombinant SARS-CoV-2. We characterized viral replication, entry, and competitive fitness with and without immune serum from humans with defined exposure/vaccination history and hamsters monospecifically infected with the E484K variant. We additionally engineered a virus containing the Omicron signature mutations N501Y and Q498R that were predicted to epistatically enhance receptor binding. RESULTS Multistep growth kinetics in Vero-, Calu-3, and NCI-H1299 were identical between viruses. Synchronized entry experiments based on cold absorption and temperature shift identified only an insignificant trend toward faster entry of the E484K variant. Competitive passage experiments revealed clear replicative fitness differences. In absence of immune serum, E484A and E484Q, but not E484K, were replaced by wildtype (WT) in competition assays. In presence of immune serum, all three mutants outcompeted WT. Decreased E484A fitness levels were over-compensated for by N501Y and Q498R, identifying a putative Omicron founder background that exceeds the intrinsic and effective fitness of WT and matches that of E484K. Critically, the E484A/Q498R/N501Y mutant and E484K have equal fitness also in presence of pre-Omicron vaccinee serum, whereas the fitness gain by E484K is lost in the presence of serum raised against the E484K variant in hamsters. CONCLUSIONS The emergence of E484A and E484Q prior to widespread population immunity may have been limited by fitness costs. In populations already exposed to the early immune escape epitope E484K, the Omicron founder background may have provided a basis for alternative immune escape evolution via E484A. Studies of major antigenic epitope changes with and without their epistatic context help reconstruct the sequential adjustments of intrinsic fitness versus neutralization escape during the evolution of major SARS-CoV-2 variants in an increasingly immune human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schröder
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Richter
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Talitha Veith
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jackson Emanuel
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca Gudermann
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirstin Friedmann
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara M Jeworowski
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Mühlemann
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Terry C Jones
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, CB2 3EJ, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Tang J, Liu H, Wang Q, Gu X, Wang J, Li W, Luo Y, Li Y, Deng L, Luo Y, Du X, Tan D, Fu X, Chen X. Predictors of high SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G titers in COVID-19 convalescent whole-blood donors: a cross-sectional study in China. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191479. [PMID: 37388736 PMCID: PMC10303911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Demographic information has been shown to help predict high antibody titers of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) in CCP donors. However, there is no research on the Chinese population and little evidence on whole-blood donors. Therefore, we aimed to investigate these associations among Chinese blood donors after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 5,064 qualified blood donors with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection completed a self-reported questionnaire and underwent tests of SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody and ABO blood type. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for high SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers according to each factor. Results Totally, 1,799 participants (with SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers≥1:160) had high-titer CCPs. Multivariable analysis showed that a 10-year increment in age and earlier donation were associated with higher odds of high-titer CCP, while medical personnel was associated with lower odds. The ORs (95% CIs) of high-titer CCP were 1.17 (1.10-1.23, p< 0.001) and 1.41 (1.25-1.58, p< 0.001) for each 10-year increment in age and earlier donation, respectively. The OR of high-titer CCP was 0.75 (0.60-0.95, p = 0.02) for medical personnel. Female early donors were associated with increased odds of high-titer CCP, but this association was insignificant for later donors. Donating after 8 weeks from the onset was associated with decreased odds of having high-titer CCP compared to donating within 8 weeks from the onset, and the HR was 0.38 (95% CI: 0.22-0.64, p <0.001). There was no significant association between ABO blood type or race and the odds of high-titer CCP. Discussion Older age, earlier donation, female early donors, and non-medical-related occupations are promising predictors of high-titer CCP in Chinese blood donors. Our findings highlight the importance of CCP screening at the early stage of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Tang
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Humin Liu
- Department of Blood Testing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Gu
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Blood Testing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinglan Luo
- Department of Blood Testing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Deng
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinman Du
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Donglin Tan
- Department of Blood Processing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Fu
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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7
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Uzun G, Müller R, Althaus K, Becker M, Marsall P, Junker D, Nowak-Harnau S, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Klüter H, Schrezenmeier H, Bugert P, Bakchoul T. Correlation between Clinical Characteristics and Antibody Levels in COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donor Candidates. Viruses 2023; 15:1357. [PMID: 37376656 DOI: 10.3390/v15061357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) with high neutralizing antibodies has been suggested in preventing disease progression in COVID-19. In this study, we investigated the relationship between clinical donor characteristics and neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in CCP donors. COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors were included into the study. Clinical parameters were recorded and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (Spike Trimer, Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), S1, S2 and nucleocapsid protein) as well as ACE2 binding inhibition were measured. An ACE2 binding inhibition < 20% was defined as an inadequate neutralization capacity. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to detect the predictors of inadequate neutralization capacity. Ninety-one CCP donors (56 female; 61%) were analyzed. A robust correlation between all SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and ACE2 binding inhibition, as well as a positive correlation between donor age, body mass index, and a negative correlation between time since symptom onset and antibody levels were found. We identified time since symptom onset, normal body mass index (BMI), and the absence of high fever as independent predictors of inadequate neutralization capacity. Gender, duration of symptoms, and number of symptoms were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels or neutralization. Neutralizing capacity was correlated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and associated with time since symptom onset, BMI, and fever. These clinical parameters can be easily incorporated into the preselection of CCP donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günalp Uzun
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tuebingen, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Müller
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karina Althaus
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tuebingen, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Marsall
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Nowak-Harnau
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Harald Klüter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tuebingen, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
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8
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Nasergivehchi S, Togha M, Jafari E, Sheikhvatan M, Shahamati D. Headache following vaccination against COVID-19 among healthcare workers with a history of COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional study in Iran with a meta-analytic review of the literature. Head Face Med 2023; 19:19. [PMID: 37202794 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-023-00363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of the occurrence of headache after vaccination against COVID-19. However, only a few studies have examined the headache characteristics and related determinants, especially among healthcare workers with a history of COVID-19 infection. METHODS We evaluated the incidence of headaches after injection of different types of COVID-19 vaccine to determine factors relating to the incidence of headache after vaccination among the Iranian healthcare workers who had previously contracted COVID-19. A group of 334 healthcare workers with a history of COVID-19 infection were included and vaccinated (at least one month after recovery without any COVID-19 related symptoms) with different COVID-19 vaccines. The baseline information, headache characteristics and vaccine specifications were recorded. RESULTS Overall, 39.2% reported experiencing a post-vaccination headache. Of those with a previous history of headache, 51.1% reported migraine-type, 27.4% tension-type and 21.5% other types. The mean time between vaccination and headache appearance was 26.78 ± 6.93 h, with the headache appearing less than 24 h after vaccination in most patients (83.2%). The headaches reached its peak within 8.62 ± 2.41 h. Most patients reported a compression-type headache. The prevalence of post-vaccination headaches was significantly different according to the type of vaccine used. The highest rates were reported for AstraZeneca, followed by Sputnik V. In regression analysis, the vaccine brand, female gender and initial COVID-19 severity were the main determinants for predicting post-vaccination headache. CONCLUSION Participants commonly experienced a headache following vaccination against COVID-19. Our study results indicated that this was slightly more common in females and in those with a history of severe COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Nasergivehchi
- Department of Headache, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurology, Baharloo University Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Togha
- Department of Headache, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Headache, Neurology Ward, School of Medicine, Sina University Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Jafari
- Department of Headache, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Sheikhvatan
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Donya Shahamati
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Behehshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Ribes M, Montañà J, Vidal M, Aguilar R, Nicolás P, Alfonso U, Rodrigo N, Carolis C, Dobaño C, Moncunill G, Chaccour C. Seroprevalence and socioeconomic impact of the first SARS-CoV-2 infection wave in a small town in Navarre, Spain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3862. [PMID: 36890175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and its determinants are key for the understanding of COVID-19. The identification of vulnerable populations to the infection and to its socioeconomic impact is indispensable for inclusive policies. We conducted an age-stratified cross-sectional community-based seroprevalence survey between June 12th and 19th 2020-during the easing of lockdown-in Cizur, Spain. We quantified IgG, IgM and IgA levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike and its receptor-binding domain in a sample of 728 randomly selected, voluntarily registered inhabitants. We estimated a 7.9% seroprevalence in the general population, with the lowest seroprevalence among children under ten (n = 3/142, 2.1%) and the highest among adolescents (11-20 years old, n = 18/159, 11.3%). We found a heterogeneous immune-response profile across participants regarding isotype/antigen-specific seropositivity, although levels generally correlated. Those with technical education level were the most financially affected. Fifty-five percent had visited a supermarket and 43% a sanitary centre since mid-February 2020. When comparing by gender, men had left the household more frequently. In conclusion, few days after strict lockdown, the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection was the lowest in children under 10. The findings also suggest that a wider isotype-antigen panel confers higher sensitivity. Finally, the economic impact biases should be considered when designing public health measures.
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10
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Aguilar R, Li X, Crowell CS, Burrell T, Vidal M, Rubio R, Jiménez A, Hernández-Luis P, Hofmann D, Mijočević H, Jeske S, Christa C, D'Ippolito E, Lingor P, Knolle PA, Roggendorf H, Priller A, Yazici S, Carolis C, Mayor A, Schreiner P, Poppert H, Beyer H, Schambeck SE, Izquierdo L, Tortajada M, Angulo A, Soutschek E, Engel P, Garcia-Basteiro A, Busch DH, Moncunill G, Protzer U, Dobaño C, Gerhard M. RBD-Based ELISA and Luminex Predict Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate-Neutralizing Activity in Two Longitudinal Cohorts of German and Spanish Health Care Workers. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0316522. [PMID: 36622140 PMCID: PMC9927417 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03165-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of antibodies to neutralize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important correlate of protection. For routine evaluation of protection, however, a simple and cost-efficient anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological assay predictive of serum neutralizing activity is needed. We analyzed clinical epidemiological data and blood samples from two cohorts of health care workers in Barcelona and Munich to compare several immunological readouts for evaluating antibody levels that could be surrogates of neutralizing activity. We measured IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S), its S2 subunit, the S1 receptor binding domain (RBD), and the full length and C terminus of nucleocapsid (N) protein by Luminex, and against RBD by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and assessed those as predictors of plasma surrogate-neutralizing activity measured by a flow cytometry assay. In addition, we determined the clinical and demographic factors affecting plasma surrogate-neutralizing capacity. Both cohorts showed a high positive correlation between IgG levels to S antigen, especially to RBD, and the levels of plasma surrogate-neutralizing activity, suggesting RBD IgG as a good correlate of plasma neutralizing activity. Symptomatic infection, with symptoms such as loss of taste, dyspnea, rigors, fever and fatigue, was positively associated with anti-RBD IgG positivity by ELISA and Luminex, and with plasma surrogate-neutralizing activity. Our serological assays allow for the prediction of serum neutralization activity without the cost, hazards, time, and expertise needed for surrogate or conventional neutralization assays. Once a cutoff is established, these relatively simple high-throughput antibody assays will provide a fast and cost-effective method of assessing levels of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. IMPORTANCE Neutralizing antibody titers are the best correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2. However, current tests to measure plasma or serum neutralizing activity do not allow high-throughput screening at the population level. Serological tests could be an alternative if they are proved to be good predictors of plasma neutralizing activity. In this study, we analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 serological profiles of two cohorts of health care workers by applying Luminex and ELISA in-house serological assays. Correlations of both serological tests were assessed between them and with a flow cytometry assay to determine plasma surrogate-neutralizing activity. Both assays showed a high positive correlation between IgG levels to S antigens, especially RBD, and the levels of plasma surrogate-neutralizing activity. This result suggests IgG to RBD as a good correlate of plasma surrogate-neutralizing activity and indicates that serology of IgG to RBD could be used to assess levels of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia S. Crowell
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Teresa Burrell
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rocio Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernández-Luis
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dieter Hofmann
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Hrvoje Mijočević
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Samuel Jeske
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Catharina Christa
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elvira D'Ippolito
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy A. Knolle
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hedwig Roggendorf
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alina Priller
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Yazici
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Sophia E. Schambeck
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Helios Klinikum München West, Munich, Germany
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Tortajada
- Occupational Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Garcia-Basteiro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
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11
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Caronna E, van den Hoek TC, Bolay H, Garcia-Azorin D, Gago-Veiga AB, Valeriani M, Takizawa T, Messlinger K, Shapiro RE, Goadsby PJ, Ashina M, Tassorelli C, Diener HC, Terwindt GM, Pozo-Rosich P. Headache attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination and the impact on primary headache disorders of the COVID-19 pandemic: A comprehensive review. Cephalalgia 2023; 43:3331024221131337. [PMID: 36606562 DOI: 10.1177/03331024221131337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to summarize the knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology and management of secondary headache attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination; as well as to delineate their impact on primary headache disorders. METHODS This is a narrative review of the literature regarding primary and secondary headache disorders in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a literature search in 2022 on PubMed, with the keywords "COVID 19" or "vaccine" and "headache" to assess the appropriateness of all published articles for their inclusion in the review. RESULTS Headache is a common and sometimes difficult-to-treat symptom of both the acute and post-acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Different pathophysiological mechanisms may be involved, with the trigeminovascular system as a plausible target. Specific evidence-based effective therapeutic options are lacking at present. Headache attributed to SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations is also common, its pathophysiology being unclear. People with primary headache disorders experience headache in the acute phase of COVID-19 and after vaccination more commonly than the general population. Pandemic measures, forcing lifestyle changes, seemed to have had a positive impact on migraine, and changes in headache care (telemedicine) have been effectively introduced. CONCLUSIONS The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge, having an impact on the development of secondary headaches, both in people with or without primary headaches. This has created opportunities to better understand and treat headache and to potentiate strategies to manage patients and ensure care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Caronna
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Hayrunnisa Bolay
- Department of Neurology and Algology, NÖROM, Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - David Garcia-Azorin
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana Beatriz Gago-Veiga
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimiliano Valeriani
- Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Tsubasa Takizawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karl Messlinger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany
| | - Robert E Shapiro
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA
| | - Peter J Goadsby
- NIHR-Wellcome Trust King's Clinical Research Facility, SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Cristina Tassorelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hans-Christoph Diener
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE) Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gisela M Terwindt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Pozo-Rosich
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Niemeyer D, Stenzel S, Veith T, Schroeder S, Friedmann K, Weege F, Trimpert J, Heinze J, Richter A, Jansen J, Emanuel J, Kazmierski J, Pott F, Jeworowski LM, Olmer R, Jaboreck MC, Tenner B, Papies J, Walper F, Schmidt ML, Heinemann N, Möncke-Buchner E, Baumgardt M, Hoffmann K, Widera M, Thao TTN, Balázs A, Schulze J, Mache C, Jones TC, Morkel M, Ciesek S, Hanitsch LG, Mall MA, Hocke AC, Thiel V, Osterrieder K, Wolff T, Martin U, Corman VM, Müller MA, Goffinet C, Drosten C. SARS-CoV-2 variant Alpha has a spike-dependent replication advantage over the ancestral B.1 strain in human cells with low ACE2 expression. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001871. [PMID: 36383605 PMCID: PMC9710838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data demonstrate that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) Alpha and Delta are more transmissible, infectious, and pathogenic than previous variants. Phenotypic properties of VOC remain understudied. Here, we provide an extensive functional study of VOC Alpha replication and cell entry phenotypes assisted by reverse genetics, mutational mapping of spike in lentiviral pseudotypes, viral and cellular gene expression studies, and infectivity stability assays in an enhanced range of cell and epithelial culture models. In almost all models, VOC Alpha spread less or equally efficiently as ancestral (B.1) SARS-CoV-2. B.1. and VOC Alpha shared similar susceptibility to serum neutralization. Despite increased relative abundance of specific sgRNAs in the context of VOC Alpha infection, immune gene expression in infected cells did not differ between VOC Alpha and B.1. However, inferior spreading and entry efficiencies of VOC Alpha corresponded to lower abundance of proteolytically cleaved spike products presumably linked to the T716I mutation. In addition, we identified a bronchial cell line, NCI-H1299, which supported 24-fold increased growth of VOC Alpha and is to our knowledge the only cell line to recapitulate the fitness advantage of VOC Alpha compared to B.1. Interestingly, also VOC Delta showed a strong (595-fold) fitness advantage over B.1 in these cells. Comparative analysis of chimeric viruses expressing VOC Alpha spike in the backbone of B.1, and vice versa, showed that the specific replication phenotype of VOC Alpha in NCI-H1299 cells is largely determined by its spike protein. Despite undetectable ACE2 protein expression in NCI-H1299 cells, CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out and antibody-mediated blocking experiments revealed that multicycle spread of B.1 and VOC Alpha required ACE2 expression. Interestingly, entry of VOC Alpha, as opposed to B.1 virions, was largely unaffected by treatment with exogenous trypsin or saliva prior to infection, suggesting enhanced resistance of VOC Alpha spike to premature proteolytic cleavage in the extracellular environment of the human respiratory tract. This property may result in delayed degradation of VOC Alpha particle infectivity in conditions typical of mucosal fluids of the upper respiratory tract that may be recapitulated in NCI-H1299 cells closer than in highly ACE2-expressing cell lines and models. Our study highlights the importance of cell model evaluation and comparison for in-depth characterization of virus variant-specific phenotypes and uncovers a fine-tuned interrelationship between VOC Alpha- and host cell-specific determinants that may underlie the increased and prolonged virus shedding detected in patients infected with VOC Alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saskia Stenzel
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Talitha Veith
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Schroeder
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirstin Friedmann
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friderike Weege
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Heinze
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Richter
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Jansen
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jackson Emanuel
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Kazmierski
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Pott
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara M. Jeworowski
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH — Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark-Christian Jaboreck
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH — Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beate Tenner
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Papies
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Walper
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie L. Schmidt
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Heinemann
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Möncke-Buchner
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Morris Baumgardt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Hoffmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Anita Balázs
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Schulze
- Unit 17 “Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christin Mache
- Unit 17 “Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Terry C. Jones
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Morkel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Bioportal Single Cells, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, DZIF, Braunschweig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Leif G. Hanitsch
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C. Hocke
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Osterrieder
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Unit 17 “Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH — Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Victor M. Corman
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Labor Berlin – Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A. Müller
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Labor Berlin – Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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Sherwani S, Raafat M, Rajendrasozhan S, Khan M, Saleem M, Husain Q, Khan S, Alam N, Khan MWA. Increased Levels of Autoantibodies against ROS-Modified Proteins in Depressed Individuals with Decrease in Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Antigen (S1-RBD). Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5260-5276. [PMID: 36354670 PMCID: PMC9689329 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease management is highly dependent on the immune status of the infected individual. An increase in the incidence of depression has been observed during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Autoantibodies against in vitro reactive oxygen species (ROS) modified BSA and Lys as well as antibodies against receptor binding domain subunit S1 (S1-RBD) (S1-RBD-Abs) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were estimated using direct binding and competition ELISA. Serum samples were also tested for fasting blood glucose (FBG), malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl content (CC), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Significant structural changes were observed in ROS modified BSA and Lys. Female depressed subjects who were also smokers (F-D-S) showed the highest levels of oxidative stress (MDA and CC levels). Similarly, increased levels of autoantibodies against ROS modified proteins were detected in F-D-S subjects, in males who were depressed and in smokers (M-D-S) compared to the other subjects from the rest of the groups. However, contrary to this observation, levels of S1-RBD-Abs were found to be lowest in the F-D-S and M-D-S groups. During the pandemic, large numbers of individuals have experienced depression, which may induce excessive oxidative stress, causing modifications in circulatory proteins. Thus, the formation of neo-antigens is induced, which lead to the generation of autoantibodies. The concomitant effect of increased autoantibodies with elevated levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α possibly tilt the immune balance toward autoantibody generation rather than the formation of S1-RBD-Abs. Thus, it is important to identify individuals who are at risk of depression to determine immune status and facilitate the better management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subuhi Sherwani
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or
| | - Mohamed Raafat
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mahvish Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saleem
- Department of Pathology, Sub-Division of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qayyum Husain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Alam
- Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Wajid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
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Kotsiou OS, Karakousis N, Papagiannis D, Matsiatsiou E, Avgeri D, Fradelos EC, Siachpazidou DI, Perlepe G, Miziou A, Kyritsis A, Gogou E, Vavougios GD, Kalantzis G, Gourgoulianis KI. The Comparative Superiority of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response in Different Immunization Scenarios. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111756. [PMID: 36573718 PMCID: PMC9698429 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Both SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination result in the production of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to compare the antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 in different scenarios for antibody production. Methods: A surveillance program was conducted in the municipality of Deskati in January 2022. Antibody titers were obtained from 145 participants while parallel recording their infection and/or vaccination history. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant method (Architect, Abbott, IL, USA) was used for antibody testing. Results: Advanced age (>56 years old) was associated with higher antibody titers. No significant differences were detected in antibody titers among genders, BMI, smoking status, comorbidities, vaccine brands, and months after the last dose. Hospitalization length and re-infection were predictors of antibody titers. The individuals who were fully or partially vaccinated and were also double infected had the highest antibody levels (25,017 ± 1500 AU/mL), followed by people who were fully vaccinated (20,647 ± 500 AU/mL) or/partially (15,808 ± 1800 AU/mL) vaccinated and were infected once. People who were only vaccinated had lower levels of antibodies (9946 ± 300 AU/mL), while the lowest levels among all groups were found in individuals who had only been infected (1124 ± 200 AU/mL). Conclusions: Every hit (infection or vaccination) gives an additional boost to immunization status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania S. Kotsiou
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, GAIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
- Correspondence: or
| | - Nikolaos Karakousis
- Primary Healthcare, Internal Medicine Department, Amarousion, 15125 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papagiannis
- Public Health & Vaccines Lab, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, GAIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Elena Matsiatsiou
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, GAIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitra Avgeri
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, GAIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Evangelos C. Fradelos
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, GAIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitra I. Siachpazidou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Garifallia Perlepe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Angeliki Miziou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasios Kyritsis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Eudoxia Gogou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - George D. Vavougios
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - George Kalantzis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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Bae S, Park H, Kim JY, Park S, Lim SY, Bae JY, Kim J, Jung J, Kim MJ, Chong YP, Lee SO, Choi SH, Kim YS, Park MS, Kim SH. Daily, self-test rapid antigen test to assess SARS-CoV-2 viability in de-isolation of patients with COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:922431. [DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.922431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIsolation of COVID-19 patients is a crucial infection control measure to prevent further SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but determining an appropriate timing to end the COVID-19 isolation is a challenging. We evaluated the performance of the self-test rapid antigen test (RAT) as a potential proxy to terminate the isolation of COVID-19 patients.Materials and methodsSymptomatic COVID-19 patients were enrolled who were admitted to a regional community treatment center (CTC) in Seoul (South Korea). Self-test RAT and the collection of saliva samples were performed by the patients, on a daily basis, until patient discharge. Cell culture and subgenomic RNA detection were performed on saliva samples.ResultsA total of 138 pairs of saliva samples and corresponding RAT results were collected from 34 COVID-19 patients. Positivity of RAT and cell culture was 27% (37/138) and 12% (16/138), respectively. Of the 16 culture-positive saliva samples, seven (43.8%) corresponding RAT results were positive. Using cell culture as the reference standard, the overall percent agreement, percent positive agreement, and percent negative agreement of RAT were 71% (95% CI, 63–78), 26% (95% CI, 12–42), and 82% (95% CI, 76–87), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the RAT for predicting culture results were 44% (95% CI, 20–70), 75% (95% CI, 66–82), 18% (95% CI, 8–34), and 91% (95% CI, 84–96), respectively.ConclusionAbout half of the patients who were SARS-CoV-2 positive based upon cell culture results gave negative RAT results. However, the remaining positive culture cases were detected by RAT, and RAT showed relatively high negative predictive value for viable viral shedding.
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Willeit P, Kimpel J, Winner H, Harthaller T, Schäfer H, Bante D, Falkensammer B, Rössler A, Riepler L, Ower C, Sacher M, von Laer D, Borena W. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Tyrolean district of Schwaz at the time of the rapid mass vaccination in March 2021 following B.1.351-variant outbreak. Front Public Health 2022; 10:989337. [PMID: 36159252 PMCID: PMC9500479 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.989337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to curb the rapid dissemination of the B.1.351 variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the district of Schwaz and beyond, the EU allocated additional vaccine doses at the beginning of March 2021 to implement a rapid mass vaccination of the population (16+). The aim of our study was to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among the adult population in the district of Schwaz at the time of the implementation. Data on previous history of infections, symptoms and immunization status were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were used to determine SARS-CoV-2 specific anti-spike, anti-nucleocapsid and neutralizing antibodies. We recruited 2,474 individuals with a median age (IQR) of 42 (31-54) years. Using the official data on distribution of age and sex, we found a standardized prevalence of undocumented infections at 15.0% (95% CI: 13.2-16.7). Taken together with the officially documented infections, we estimated that 24.0% (95% CI: 22.5-25.6) of the adult population had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hence, the proportion of undocumented infections identified by our study was 55.8% (95% CI: 52.7-58.5). With a vaccination coverage of 10% among the adults population at that time, we imply that a minimum of two-thirds of the target popuation was susceptible to the circulating threat when this unique campaign started.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Willeit
- Clinical Epidemiology Team, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Janine Kimpel
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hannes Winner
- Department of Economics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Teresa Harthaller
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helena Schäfer
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Bante
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Falkensammer
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Annika Rössler
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lydia Riepler
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Ower
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Magdalena Sacher
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dorothee von Laer
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wegene Borena
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,*Correspondence: Wegene Borena
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Huhn G, Poorbaugh J, Zhang L, Beasley S, Nirula A, Brothers J, Welbel S, Wilson J, Gillani S, Weber KM, Morack R, Keckler K, Benschop RJ. COVID-19 symptom relationship to antibody response and ACE2 neutralization in recovered health systems employees before and after mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273323. [PMID: 36083883 PMCID: PMC9462709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 can provide immunity and prevent reinfection. However, less is known about how the diversity, magnitude, and length of the antibody response after a primary infection is associated with symptoms, post-infection immunity, and post-vaccinated immunity.
Methods
Cook County Health employees provided blood samples and completed an online survey 8–10 weeks after a PCR-confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 test (pre-vaccinated, N = 41) and again, 1–4 weeks after completion of a 2-dose series mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine (post-vaccinated, N = 27). Associations were evaluated between SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers, participant demographics, and clinical characteristics. Antibody titers and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) neutralization were compared before and after the mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine.
Results
Antibody titers to the spike protein (ST4), receptor binding domain (RBD), and RBD mutant D614G were significantly associated with anosmia and ageusia, cough, and fever. Spike protein antibody titers and ACE2 neutralization were significantly higher in participants that presented with these symptoms. Antibody titers to the spike protein N-terminal domain (NTD), RBD, and ST4, and ACE2 IC50 were significantly higher in all post-vaccinated participant samples compared to pre-vaccinated participant sample, and not dependent on previously reported symptoms.
Conclusions
Spike protein antibody titers and ACE2 neutralization are associated with the presentation of anosmia and ageusia, cough, and fever after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptom response to previous SARS-CoV-2 infection did not influence the antibody response from subsequent vaccination. These results suggest a relationship between infection severity and the magnitude of the immune response and provide meaningful insights into COVID-19 immunity according to discrete symptom presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Huhn
- The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Cook County Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Josh Poorbaugh
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Lin Zhang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Beasley
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ajay Nirula
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Brothers
- The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Cook County Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sharon Welbel
- The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Cook County Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - James Wilson
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sheena Gillani
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Weber
- The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Cook County Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ralph Morack
- The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Cook County Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kody Keckler
- The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Cook County Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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18
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Kim Y, Bae JY, Kwon K, Chang HH, Lee WK, Park H, Kim J, Choi I, Park MS, Kim SW. Kinetics of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection according to sex, age, and disease severity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13491. [PMID: 35931794 PMCID: PMC9356129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the factors affecting the difference in kinetics and longevity of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response to SARS-CoV-2 is necessary to properly prioritize vaccination. In the present study, from March to December 2020, of the 143 patients who recovered from COVID-19, 87 underwent study visits scheduled every 3 months. Patient demographics and blood samples were collected followed by a plaque reduction neutralization test to analyze nAb titers. A linear mixed model was used to compare the effects of sex, age, and disease severity over time. Results demonstrated a gradual reduction in nAb titers over time with a significant decrease from 6 to 9 months post-COVID-19 infection (p < 0.001). In time-to-sex, age, and disease severity comparisons, reduction in nAb titers over time was unaffected by sex (p = 0.167), age (p = 0.188), or disease severity (p = 0.081). Additionally, the nAb titer was 1.46 times significantly higher in those aged ≥ 50 years than in those aged < 50 years (p = 0.036) irrespective of time Moreover, the nAb titer was 2.41 times higher in the moderate or above than that in the below moderate disease severity group (p < 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed in terms of sex (p = 0.300). Given the reduction in nAbs over time, maintaining protective neutralizing antibodies regardless of sex, age, or disease severity is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130, Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Biosafety center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130, Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ha Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130, Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Heedo Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Biosafety center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Biosafety center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Isaac Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Biosafety center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Biosafety center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130, Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Schmidt AE, Vogel P, Chastain CA, Barnes T, Roth NJ, Simon TL. Analysis of 52 240 source plasma donors of convalescent COVID-19 plasma: Sex, ethnicity, and age association with initial antibody levels and rate of dissipation. J Clin Apher 2022; 37:449-459. [PMID: 35815776 PMCID: PMC9350246 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) was approved under emergency authorization to treat critically ill patients with COVID‐19 in the United States in 2020. We explored the demographics of donors contributing plasma for a hyperimmune, plasma‐derived therapy to evaluate factors that may be associated with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response variability and, subsequently, antibody titers. Study Design An electronic search of CCP donors was performed across 282 US plasma donation centers. Donations were screened for nucleocapsid protein‐binding‐IgG using the Abbott SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG assay. Results Overall, 52 240 donors donated 418 046 units of CCP. Donors were of various ethnicities: 43% Caucasian, 34% Hispanic, 17% African American, 2% Native American, 1% Asian, and 3% other. Females had higher initial mean anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody titers but an overall faster rate of decline (P < .0001). Initial antibody titers increased with age: individuals aged 55 to 66 years had elevated anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 titers for longer periods compared with other ages (P = .0004). African American donors had the lowest initial antibody titers but a slower rate of decline (P < .0001), while Caucasian (P = .0088) and Hispanic (P = .0193) groups had the fastest rates of decline. Most donor antibody levels decreased below the inclusion criteria (≥1.50) within 30 to 100 days of first donation, but donation frequency did not appear to be associated with rate of decline. Conclusion Several factors may be associated with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response including donor age and sex. Evaluating these factors during development of future hyperimmune globulin products may help generation of therapies with optimal efficacy.
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Sherwani S, Khan MWA, Mallik A, Khan M, Saleem M, Raafat M, Shati AA, Alam N. Seroprevalence of Anti-S1-RBD Antibodies in Pre-pandemic and Pandemic Subjects From Hail Region, KSA. Front Public Health 2022; 10:874741. [PMID: 35757607 PMCID: PMC9218105 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.874741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Two years into the pandemic, yet the threat of new SARS-CoV-2 variants continues to loom large. Sustained efforts are required to fully understand the infection in asymptomatic individuals and those with complications. Identification, containment, care, and preventative strategies rely on understanding the varied humoral immune responses. Methods An in-house ELISA was developed and standardized to screen for serum IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD protein as an antigen. This study aims to investigate the seroprevalence of serum antibodies against S1-RBD antigen in pre-pandemic (n = 120) and during the early pandemic period (n = 120) in subjects from the Hail region, KSA and to correlate it with clinical and demographic factors. Results Samples collected from both male (n = 60) and female (n = 60) subjects during the pandemic in the age groups of 20–40 (0.31 ± 0.029 and 0.29 ± 0.024, respectively) and 41–60 years (0.35 ± 0.026 and 0.30 ± 0.025, respectively) showed significantly higher levels of serum antibodies against S-RBD antigen than the age-matched pre-pandemic samples [male (n = 60) and female (n = 60)]. Pandemic subjects exhibited significantly (p < 0.01) higher inhibition (80–88%) than age-matched pre-pandemic subjects (32–39%). Antibodies against S1-RBD antigen were detected in approximately 10% of the total pre-pandemic population (males and females). However, subjects > 60 years did not show antibodies. Conclusion Antibody levels increased in samples collected during the pandemic, even though these subjects were not clinically COVID-19 positive. A small number of pre-pandemic subjects showed serum antibodies, suggesting prior exposure to other coronaviruses in the region. With dwindling neutralizing antibody levels and reduced vaccine efficacy against newer variants, it remains crucial to develop better assays for surveillance, management, and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subuhi Sherwani
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Wajid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshi Mallik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahvish Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saleem
- Department of Pathology, Sub-division of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Raafat
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed A Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Alam
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Doke P, Gothankar JS, Doke PP, Kulkarni MM, Khalate KK, Shrivastava S, Patil JR, Arankalle VA. Time dependent decline of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients from Pune, India and evidence of reinfection. Microbes Infect 2022; 24:104979. [PMID: 35452812 PMCID: PMC9020493 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.104979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess modulation of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients and understand association of variables such as age, presence of comorbidity, BMI and gender with antibody titers. METHODS Patients (n = 100) diagnosed from 20th March 2020 to 17th August 2020 and treated at two large hospitals from Pune, India were included and followed up (clinical and serologic) for varied periods. IgG-anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Spike protein-based ELISA) and neutralizing antibody titers (NAb, PRNT) were determined in all the samples. RESULTS Of the 100 patients enrolled initially (median 60 days of diagnosis), follow up samples were collected from 70 patients (median 106 days of diagnosis). Overall, NAb titers reduced significantly (p < 0.001) and as early as 3-4 months. During two visits, 20% and 7.1% patients reported some symptoms. At the first visit, NAb titers were higher in patients with severe disease (p < 0.001), comorbidities (p < 0.005), age <50 years (p < 0.05) and male gender (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified older age (p < 0.001), duration post-diagnosis and female gender as independent variables influencing NAb titers (negative correlation, p < 0.05). During the follow-up, reduction in NAb titers was recorded in patients with comorbidity (p < 0.05), mild disease (p < 0.05), age <50 years (p < 0.05), higher BMI (p < 0.05) and male gender (p < 0.001). Serology identified six cases of asymptomatic reinfections. CONCLUSIONS Decline of NAb titers was associated with age <50 years, mild disease, comorbidities, higher BMI and male gender. At the time of follow up, 8/70 (11.4%) patients lacked neutralizing antibodies. Evidence of 6 probable asymptomatic reinfections suggests waning of immunity, but, probable protection from clinical disease needing hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purwa Doke
- Department of Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayshree Sachin Gothankar
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prakash Prabhakarrao Doke
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Shubham Shrivastava
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayesh Rangrao Patil
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vidya Avinash Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra, India,Corresponding author
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22
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Wirsching S, Harder L, Heymanns M, Gröndahl B, Hilbert K, Kowalzik F, Meyer C, Gehring S. Long-Term, CD4 + Memory T Cell Response to SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:800070. [PMID: 35514974 PMCID: PMC9065554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.800070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The first cases of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were reported by Chinese authorities at the end of 2019. The disease spread quickly and was declared a global pandemic shortly thereafter. To respond effectively to infection and prevent viral spread, it is important to delineate the factors that affect protective immunity. Herein, a cohort of convalescent healthcare workers was recruited and their immune responses were studied over a period of 3 to 9 months following the onset of symptoms. A cross-reactive T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses, i.e., OC43 and NL63, was demonstrated in the infected, convalescent cohort, as well as a cohort composed of unexposed individuals. The convalescent cohort, however, displayed an increased number of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells relative to the unexposed group. Moreover, unlike humoral immunity and quickly decreasing antibody titers, T cell immunity in convalescent individuals was maintained and stable throughout the study period. This study also suggests that, based on the higher CD4 T cell memory response against nucleocapsid antigen, future vaccine designs may include nucleocapsid as an additional antigen along with the spike protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wirsching
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Laura Harder
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Heymanns
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Britta Gröndahl
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Hilbert
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Kowalzik
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudius Meyer
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Gehring
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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23
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Choi HW, Jeon CH, Won EJ, Kang SJ, Lee SY, Kee SJ. Performance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Serological Diagnostic Tests and Antibody Kinetics in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:881038. [PMID: 35495639 PMCID: PMC9048255 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.881038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological testing is recommended to support the detection of undiagnosed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. However, the performance of serological assays has not been sufficiently evaluated. Hence, the performance of six severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binding antibody assays [three chemiluminescence (CLIAs) and three lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs)] and a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) was analyzed in a total of 988 serum samples comprising 389 COVID-19-positives and 599 COVID-19-negatives. The overall diagnostic sensitivities of CLIAs and LFIAs ranged from 54.2 to 56.6% and from 56.3 to 64.3%, respectively. The overall diagnostic specificities of CLIAs and LFIAs ranged from 98.2 to 99.8% and from 97.3 to 99.0%, respectively. In the symptomatic group (n = 321), the positivity rate increased by over 80% in all assays > 14 days after symptom onset. In the asymptomatic group (n = 68), the positivity rate increased by over 80% in all assays > 21 days after initial RT-PCR detection. In LFIAs, negatively interpreted trace bands accounted for the changes in test performance. Most false-positive results were weak or trace reactions and showed negative results in additional sVNT. For six binding antibody assays, the overall agreement percentages ranged from 91.0 to 97.8%. The median inhibition activity of sVNT was significantly higher in the symptomatic group than in the asymptomatic group (50.0% vs. 29.2%; p < 0.0001). The median times to seropositivity in the symptomatic group were 9.7 days for CLIA-IgG, 9.2 and 9.8 days for two CLIAs-Total (IgM + IgG), 7.7 days for LFIA-IgM, 9.2 days for LFIA-IgG, and 8.8 days for sVNT-IgG, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between the quantitative results of the four binding antibody assays and sVNT with Spearman ρ-values ranging from 0.746 to 0.854. In particular, when using LFIAs, we recommend using more objective interpretable assays or establishing a band interpretation system for each laboratory, accompanied by observer training. We also anticipate that sVNT will play an essential role in SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing and become the practical routine neutralizing antibody assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Bitgoeul Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chae-Hyeon Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ji Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Bitgoeul Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seung Yeob Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Hospital and Medical School, Jeonju-si, South Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju-si, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seung Yeob Lee,
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
- Seung-Jung Kee,
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24
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Labropoulou S, Vassilaki N, Milona RS, Terpos E, Politou M, Pappa V, Pagoni M, Grouzi E, Dimopoulos MA, Mentis A, Emmanouil M, Angelakis E. Characterizing Kinetics and Avidity of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Greek Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:758. [PMID: 35458488 PMCID: PMC9024518 DOI: 10.3390/v14040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In-depth understanding of the immune response provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary, as there is a great risk of reinfection and a difficulty in achieving herd immunity due to a decline in both antibody concentration and avidity. Avidity testing, however, could overcome variability in the immune response associated with sex or clinical symptoms, and thus differentiate between recent and past infections. In this context, here, we analyzed SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics and avidity in Greek hospitalized (26%) and non-hospitalized (74%) COVID-19 patients (N = 71) in the course of up to 15 months after their infection to improve the accuracy of the serological diagnosis in dating the onset of the infection. The results showed that IgG-S1 levels decline significantly at four months (p = 0.0239) in both groups of patients and are higher in hospitalized ones (up to 2.1-fold, p < 0.001). Additionally, hospitalized patients’ titers drop greatly and are equalized to non-hospitalized ones only at a time-point of twelve to fifteen months. Antibody levels of women in total remain more stable months after infection, compared to men. Furthermore, we examined the differential maturation of IgG avidity after SARS-CoV-2 infection, showing an incomplete maturation of avidity that results in a plateau at four months after infection. We also defined 38.2% avidity (sensitivity: 58.9%, specificity: 90.91%) as an appropriate “cut-off” that could be used to determine the stage of infection before avidity reaches a plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Labropoulou
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Raphaela S. Milona
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Marianna Politou
- Hematology Laboratory Blood Bank, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Hematology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Pagoni
- BMT Unit, Department of Hematology and Lymphomas, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Elisavet Grouzi
- Department of Transfusion Service and Clinical Hemostasis, “Saint Savvas” Oncology Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece;
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Andreas Mentis
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Mary Emmanouil
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Emmanouil Angelakis
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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25
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Steiner S, Schwarz T, Corman VM, Gebert L, Kleinschmidt MC, Wald A, Gläser S, Kruse JM, Zickler D, Peric A, Meisel C, Meyer T, Staudacher OL, Wittke K, Kedor C, Bauer S, Besher NA, Kalus U, Pruß A, Drosten C, Volk HD, Scheibenbogen C, Hanitsch LG. SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Response in Severe and Fatal COVID-19 in Primary Antibody Deficiency Patients Without Specific Humoral Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840126. [PMID: 35359967 PMCID: PMC8960624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 is increased in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Age and comorbidities and also impaired type I interferon immunity were identified as relevant risk factors. In patients with primary antibody deficiency (PAD) and lack of specific humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, clinical disease outcome is very heterogeneous. Despite extensive clinical reports, underlying immunological mechanisms are poorly characterized and levels of T cellular and innate immunity in severe cases remain to be determined. In the present study, we report clinical and immunological findings of 5 PAD patients with severe and fatal COVID-19 and undetectable specific humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Reactive T cells to SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (NCAP) peptide pools were analyzed comparatively by flow cytometry in PAD patients, convalescents and naïve healthy individuals. All examined PAD patients developed a robust T cell response. The presence of polyfunctional cytokine producing activated CD4+ T cells indicates a memory-like phenotype. An analysis of innate immune response revealed elevated CD169 (SIGLEC1) expression on monocytes, a surrogate marker for type I interferon response, and presence of type I interferon autoantibodies was excluded. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detectable in peripheral blood in three severe COVID-19 patients with PAD. Viral clearance in blood was observed after treatment with COVID-19 convalescent plasma/monoclonal antibody administration. However, prolonged mucosal viral shedding was observed in all patients (median 67 days) with maximum duration of 127 days. PAD patients without specific humoral SARS-CoV-2 immunity may suffer from severe or fatal COVID-19 despite robust T cell and normal innate immune response. Intensified monitoring for long persistence of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding and (prophylactic) convalescent plasma/specific IgG as beneficial treatment option in severe cases with RNAemia should be considered in seronegative PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Steiner
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1 and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schwarz
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and German Centre for Infection Research, Associated Partner, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and German Centre for Infection Research, Associated Partner, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Gebert
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1 and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malte C Kleinschmidt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wald
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Gläser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Vivantes-Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan M Kruse
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zickler
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Peric
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Vivantes-Klinikum Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Meisel
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1 and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Meyer
- Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga L Staudacher
- Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Wittke
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1 and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Kedor
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1 and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Bauer
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1 and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nabeel Al Besher
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalus
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Pruß
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and German Centre for Infection Research, Associated Partner, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1 and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Scheibenbogen
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1 and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif G Hanitsch
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1 and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Lu L, Yu S, Liu M, Li Y, Lei Q, Lin M, Lai D, Guo S, Jiang H, Hou H, Zheng Y, Wang X, Ma M, Zhang B, Chen H, Xue J, Zhang H, Qi H, Sun Z, Wang F, Fan X, Xu Z. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response characteristics in COVID-19 patients of different ages. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:556-64. [PMID: 35607955 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Age has been found to be one of the main risk factors for the severity and outcome of COVID-19. However, differences in SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses among COVID-19 patients of different age groups remain largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the IgG/IgM responses to 21 SARS-CoV-2 proteins and 197 peptides that fully cover the spike protein against 731 sera collected from 731 COVID-19 patients aged from 1 to We show that there is no overall difference in SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in COVID-19 patients in the 4 age groups. By antibody response landscape maps, we find that the IgG response profiles of SARS-CoV-2 proteins are positively correlated with age. The S protein linear epitope map shows that the immunogenicity of the S-protein peptides is related to peptide sequence, disease severity and age of the COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, the enrichment analysis indicates that low S1 IgG responses are enriched in patients aged <50 and high S1 IgG responses are enriched in mild COVID-19 patients aged >60. In addition, high responses of non-structural/accessory proteins are enriched in severe COVID-19 patients aged >70. These results suggest the distinct immune response of IgG/IgM to each SARS-CoV-2 protein in patients of different age, which may facilitate a deeper understanding of the immune responses in COVID-19 patients.
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27
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Usai C, Gibbons JM, Pade C, Li W, Jacobs SRM, McKnight Á, Kennedy PTF, Gill US. The β-NGF/TrkA Signalling Pathway Is Associated With the Production of Anti-Nucleoprotein IgG in Convalescent COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 12:813300. [PMID: 35095908 PMCID: PMC8795736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.813300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection varies from asymptomatic to severe COVID-19. Similarly, high variability in the presence, titre and duration of specific antibodies has been reported. While some host factors determining these differences, such as age and ethnicity have been identified, the underlying molecular mechanisms underpinning these differences remain poorly defined. Methods We analysed serum and PBMC from 17 subjects with a previous PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 10 unexposed volunteers following the first wave of the pandemic, in the UK. Anti-NP IgG and neutralising antibodies were measured, as well as a panel of infection and inflammation related cytokines. The virus-specific T cell response was determined by IFN-γ ELISPOT and flow cytometry after overnight incubation of PBMCs with pools of selected SARS-CoV-2 specific peptides. Results Seven of 17 convalescent subjects had undetectable levels of anti-NP IgG, and a positive correlation was shown between anti-NP IgG levels and the titre of neutralising antibodies (IC50). In contrast, a discrepancy was noted between antibody levels and T cell IFN-γ production by ELISpot following stimulation with specific peptides. Among the analysed cytokines, β-NGF and IL-1α levels were significantly different between anti-NP positive and negative subjects, and only β-NGF significantly correlated with anti-NP positivity. Interestingly, CD4+ T cells of anti-NP negative subjects expressed lower amounts of the β-NGF-specific receptor TrkA. Conclusions Our results suggest that the β-NGF/TrkA signalling pathway is associated with the production of anti-NP specific antibody in mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and the mechanistic regulation of this pathway in COVID-19 requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Usai
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Corinna Pade
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wenhao Li
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina R M Jacobs
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Áine McKnight
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick T F Kennedy
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Upkar S Gill
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Georg P, Astaburuaga-García R, Bonaguro L, Brumhard S, Michalick L, Lippert LJ, Kostevc T, Gäbel C, Schneider M, Streitz M, Demichev V, Gemünd I, Barone M, Tober-Lau P, Helbig ET, Hillus D, Petrov L, Stein J, Dey HP, Paclik D, Iwert C, Mülleder M, Aulakh SK, Djudjaj S, Bülow RD, Mei HE, Schulz AR, Thiel A, Hippenstiel S, Saliba AE, Eils R, Lehmann I, Mall MA, Stricker S, Röhmel J, Corman VM, Beule D, Wyler E, Landthaler M, Obermayer B, von Stillfried S, Boor P, Demir M, Wesselmann H, Suttorp N, Uhrig A, Müller-Redetzky H, Nattermann J, Kuebler WM, Meisel C, Ralser M, Schultze JL, Aschenbrenner AC, Thibeault C, Kurth F, Sander LE, Blüthgen N, Sawitzki B. Complement activation induces excessive T cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19. Cell 2022; 185:493-512.e25. [PMID: 35032429 PMCID: PMC8712270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is linked to both dysfunctional immune response and unrestrained immunopathology, and it remains unclear whether T cells contribute to disease pathology. Here, we combined single-cell transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics with mechanistic studies to assess pathogenic T cell functions and inducing signals. We identified highly activated CD16+ T cells with increased cytotoxic functions in severe COVID-19. CD16 expression enabled immune-complex-mediated, T cell receptor-independent degranulation and cytotoxicity not found in other diseases. CD16+ T cells from COVID-19 patients promoted microvascular endothelial cell injury and release of neutrophil and monocyte chemoattractants. CD16+ T cell clones persisted beyond acute disease maintaining their cytotoxic phenotype. Increased generation of C3a in severe COVID-19 induced activated CD16+ cytotoxic T cells. Proportions of activated CD16+ T cells and plasma levels of complement proteins upstream of C3a were associated with fatal outcome of COVID-19, supporting a pathological role of exacerbated cytotoxicity and complement activation in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Georg
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rosario Astaburuaga-García
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Bonaguro
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophia Brumhard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Michalick
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena J Lippert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomislav Kostevc
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Gäbel
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schneider
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Streitz
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vadim Demichev
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ioanna Gemünd
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Barone
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pinkus Tober-Lau
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa T Helbig
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Hillus
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lev Petrov
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Stein
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah-Philine Dey
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Paclik
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Iwert
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Mülleder
- Core Facility, High Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simran Kaur Aulakh
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sonja Djudjaj
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman D Bülow
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henrik E Mei
- Mass Cytometry Laboratory, DRFZ Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel R Schulz
- Mass Cytometry Laboratory, DRFZ Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Thiel
- Si-M/"Der Simulierte Mensch" a Science Framework of Technische Universität Berlin and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Lehmann
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stricker
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jobst Röhmel
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nephrology, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Electron Microscopy Facility, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Wesselmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Alexander Uhrig
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Müller-Redetzky
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Meisel
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin, Charité Vivantes, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Ralser
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna C Aschenbrenner
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Thibeault
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leif E Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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29
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Kurano M, Ohmiya H, Kishi Y, Okada J, Nakano Y, Yokoyama R, Qian C, Xia F, He F, Zheng L, Yu Y, Jubishi D, Okamoto K, Moriya K, Kodama T, Yatomi Y. Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titers Improves the Prediction Accuracy of COVID-19 Maximum Severity by Machine Learning in Non-Vaccinated Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:811952. [PMID: 35126396 PMCID: PMC8814445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.811952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have suggested that the titers of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are associated with the COVID-19 severity, however, the types of antibodies associated with the disease maximum severity and the timing at which the associations are best observed, especially within one week after symptom onset, remain controversial. We attempted to elucidate the antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 that are associated with the maximum severity of COVID-19 in the early phase of the disease, and to investigate whether antibody testing might contribute to prediction of the disease maximum severity in COVID-19 patients. We classified the patients into four groups according to the disease maximum severity (severity group 1 (did not require oxygen supplementation), severity group 2a (required oxygen supplementation at low flow rates), severity group 2b (required oxygen supplementation at relatively high flow rates), and severity group 3 (required mechanical ventilatory support)), and serially measured the titers of IgM, IgG, and IgA against the nucleocapsid protein, spike protein, and receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 until day 12 after symptom onset. The titers of all the measured antibody responses were higher in severity group 2b and 3, especially severity group 2b, as early as at one week after symptom onset. Addition of data obtained from antibody testing improved the ability of analysis models constructed using a machine learning technique to distinguish severity group 2b and 3 from severity group 1 and 2a. These models constructed with non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients could not be applied to the cases of breakthrough infections. These results suggest that antibody testing might help physicians identify non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients who are likely to require admission to an intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Makoto Kurano,
| | - Hiroko Ohmiya
- Business Planning Department, Sales & Marketing Division, Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kishi
- Business Planning Department, Sales & Marketing Division, Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Okada
- Business Planning Department, Sales & Marketing Division, Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rin Yokoyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chungen Qian
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuzhen Xia
- Reagent R&D Center, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan He
- Reagent R&D Center, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Reagent R&D Center, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Reagent R&D Center, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Daisuke Jubishi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Okamoto
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Overdevest JB, Irace AL, Mazzanti V, Oh EJ, Joseph PV, Devanand DP, Bitan ZC, Hod EA, Gudis DA, Chiuzan C. Chemosensory deficits are best predictor of serologic response among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274611. [PMID: 36516124 PMCID: PMC9750016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smell and taste alteration are closely linked to infection with SARS-CoV-2 and may be associated with a more indolent disease course. Serologic response rates among individuals with mild disease remains limited. We sought to identify whether chemosensory changes associated with COVID-19 were predictive of a serologic response. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS The sample consisted of 306 adults (≥18 years old) volunteering for convalescent plasma donation following perceived COVID-19 illness from April-June 2020. Documentation of COVID-19 PCR status, clinical symptoms at time of illness, and treatment course occurred at the time of serologic analysis, where we assessed chemosensory function using patient-perceived deficits. We implemented previously validated ELISA screening to determine serologic status regarding anti-Spike immunoglobulins. Statistical analysis using stepwise logistic models were employed to identify predictive factors of serologic response. RESULTS Of 306 patients undergoing serologic and chemosensory evaluation, 196 (64.1%) and 195 (63.7%) reported subjective olfactory and taste dysfunction, respectively, during the first two weeks of COVID-19 infection. In unadjusted models, the odds of developing suprathreshold IgG antibody titers were 1.98 times higher among those who reported altered smell (95% CI 1.14-3.42, p = 0.014) and 2.02 times higher among those with altered taste (95% CI 1.17-3.48, p = 0.011) compared to those with normal smell and taste. Multivariable logistic models adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, symptom duration, smoking status and comorbidities index demonstrated that altered smell and taste remained significant predictors of positive anti-spike IgG response (smell OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.05-3.44, p = 0.033; taste OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.12-3.61, p = 0.019). CONCLUSION Subjective chemosensory dysfunction, as self-reported smell or taste deficiency, is highly predictive of serologic response following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This information may be useful for patient counseling. Additional longitudinal research should be performed to better understand the onset and duration of the serologic response in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B. Overdevest
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexandria L. Irace
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Valeria Mazzanti
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Eun Jeong Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Paule V. Joseph
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism & National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Davangere P. Devanand
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Zachary C. Bitan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Eldad A. Hod
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David A. Gudis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Codruta Chiuzan
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Institute of Health System Science Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States of America
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31
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Verburgh ML, Boyd A, Wit FWNM, Schim van der Loeff MF, van der Valk M, Bakker M, Kootstra NA, van der Hoek L, Reiss P. Similar risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and similar nucleocapsid antibody levels in people with well-controlled HIV and a comparable cohort of people without HIV. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:1937-1947. [PMID: 34929034 PMCID: PMC8755357 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the ongoing AGEhIV Cohort Study in Amsterdam, we prospectively compared the incidence of and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection between HIV-positive and -negative participants. Moreover, we compared SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody levels between participants with incident infection from both groups. METHODS Starting in September 2020, consenting HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants were assessed 6-monthly for incident SARS-CoV-2 infection, using combined IgA/IgM/IgG SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody assay. Cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated risk factors were assessed from February 27, 2020 through April 30, 2021 using complementary log-log regression. In those with incident SARS-CoV-2 infection, N-antibody levels were compared between groups using linear regression. RESULTS 241 HIV-positive (99.2% virally suppressed) and 326 HIV-negative AGEhIV participants were included in this study. Cumulative SARS-CoV-2 incidence by April 2021 was 13.4% and 11.6% in HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants, respectively (p=0.61). Younger age and African origin were independently associated with incident infection. In those with incident infection, only self-reported fever, but not HIV status, was associated with higher N-antibody levels. CONCLUSIONS HIV-positive individuals with suppressed viremia and adequate CD4 cell counts were had similar risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition, and had similar SARS-CoV-2 N-antibody levels following infection compared to a comparable cohort of HIV-negative people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe L Verburgh
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Boyd
- HIV Monitoring Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand W N M Wit
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,HIV Monitoring Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Schim van der Loeff
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc van der Valk
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,HIV Monitoring Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet Bakker
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lia van der Hoek
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Reiss
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Göbel CH, Heinze A, Karstedt S, Morscheck M, Tashiro L, Cirkel A, Hamid Q, Halwani R, Temsah MH, Ziemann M, Görg S, Münte T, Göbel H. Headache Attributed to Vaccination Against COVID-19 (Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2) with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine: A Multicenter Observational Cohort Study. Pain Ther 2021; 10:1309-1330. [PMID: 34313952 PMCID: PMC8314854 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-021-00296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The most frequently reported neurological adverse event of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine is headache in 57.5%. Several cases of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) have developed after vaccination. Headache is the leading symptom of CVT. For the differential diagnosis of headaches attributed to this vaccine and headaches attributed to CVT, it is of central clinical importance whether and, if so, how the phenotypes and course of these headaches can be differentiated. The study aims to examine in detail the phenotype of headache attributed to this vaccine. METHODS Data on the clinical features and corresponding variables were recorded using a standardized online questionnaire in this multicenter observational cohort study. The primary outcomes of this study are the clinical features of headaches after vaccination. FINDINGS A total of 2464 participants reported headaches after vaccination with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine. On average, headaches occurred 14.5 ± 21.6 h after vaccination and lasted 16.3 ± 30.4 h. A bilateral location was described by 75.8% of participants. This is most often found on the forehead (40.0%) and temples (31.4%); 50.4% reported a pressing and 37.7% a dull pain character. Headache intensity was most often severe (38.7%), moderate (35.2%), or very severe (15.5%). Accompanying symptoms were most commonly fatigue (44.8%), chills (36.1%), exhaustion (34.9%), and fever (30.4%). CONCLUSION Headaches attributed to COVID-19 vaccination with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine demonstrate an extensive and characteristic complex of symptoms. The findings have several important clinical implications for the differentiation of post-vaccinal headache and other primary as well as secondary headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl H. Göbel
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany ,Kiel Migraine and Headache Centre, Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel Heinze
- Kiel Migraine and Headache Centre, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Anna Cirkel
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany ,Kiel Migraine and Headache Centre, Kiel, Germany
| | - Qutyaba Hamid
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates ,grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates ,grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Malte Ziemann
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Siegfried Görg
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Münte
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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Suzuki T, Asai Y, Ide S, Fukuda S, Tanaka A, Shimanishi Y, Takahashi K, Terada M, Sato L, Sato M, Inada M, Yamada G, Miyazato Y, Akiyama Y, Nomoto H, Nakamoto T, Nakamura K, Togano T, Morioka S, Kinoshita-Iwamoto N, Saito S, Kutsuna S, Ohmagari N. Factors associated with high antibody titer following coronavirus disease among 581 convalescent plasma donors: A single-center cross-sectional study in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2021; 28:206-210. [PMID: 34756573 PMCID: PMC8526427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The ability to predict which patients with a history of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) will exhibit a high antibody titer is necessary for more efficient screening of potential convalescent plasma donors. We aimed to identify factors associated with a high immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer in Japanese convalescent plasma donors after COVID-19. Methods This cross-sectional study included volunteers undergoing screening for convalescent plasma donation after COVID-19. Serum anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) S-protein IgG antibodies were measured using a high-sensitivity chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. Results IgG antibodies were measured in 581 patients, 534 of whom had full information of selected independent variables. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that increasing age (1.037 [1,025, 1.048]), days from symptom onset to sampling (0.997 [0.995, 0.998]), fever (1.664 [1.226, 2.259]), systemic corticosteroid use during SARS-CoV-2 infection (2.382 [1.576, 3.601]), and blood type AB (1.478 [1.032, 2.117]) predict antibody titer. Conclusion Older participants, those who experienced fever during infection, those treated with systemic corticosteroids during infection, those from whom samples were obtained earlier after symptom onset, and those with blood type AB are the best candidates for convalescent plasma donation. Therefore, these factors should be incorporated into the screening criteria for convalescent plasma donation after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Suzuki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Asai
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ide
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Saori Fukuda
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Tanaka
- Clinical Laboratory Department, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Shimanishi
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozue Takahashi
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Terada
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lubna Sato
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Sato
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Inada
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Yamada
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyazato
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Akiyama
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nomoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takato Nakamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakamura
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomiteru Togano
- Department of Hematology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morioka
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Kinoshita-Iwamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sho Saito
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kutsuna
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infection Control, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan.
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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34
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Bauernfeind S, Salzberger B, Hitzenbichler F, Scigala K, Einhauser S, Wagner R, Gessner A, Koestler J, Peterhoff D. Association between Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity after Vaccination with BNT162b2. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1089. [PMID: 34696197 PMCID: PMC8538767 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is not clear whether there is an association between adverse reactions and immune response after vaccination. Seven hundred and thirty-five vaccinees from our University Medical Center vaccination clinic provided information about sex, age and adverse reactions after first and second vaccination with BNT162b2. Adverse reactions were categorized into three groups: no or minor on the injection side, moderate (not further classified) and severe-defined as any symptom(s) resulting in sick leave. We chose 38 vaccinees with the most severe adverse reactions and compared their humoral and T-cell-mediated immune responses after second vaccination with those of 38 sex and age matched controls without or only minor injection-side related adverse reactions. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG titers were detectable in all participants (median 5528; range 958-26,285). Men with severe adverse reactions had 1.5-fold higher median SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG titers compared to men without adverse reactions (median 7406 versus 4793; p < 0.001). Similarly; neutralization activity was significantly higher in men with severe adverse reactions (half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) median 769 versus 485; p < 0.001). Reactogenicity did not influence humoral immune response in women nor T-cell-mediated immune response in any sex. To conclude; adverse reactions after vaccination with BNT162b2 do influence humoral immune response yet only in men and are not a prerequisite for a robust antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stilla Bauernfeind
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (B.S.); (F.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Bernd Salzberger
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (B.S.); (F.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Florian Hitzenbichler
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (B.S.); (F.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Karolina Scigala
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (B.S.); (F.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Sebastian Einhauser
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.E.); (R.W.); (A.G.); (D.P.)
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.E.); (R.W.); (A.G.); (D.P.)
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - André Gessner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.E.); (R.W.); (A.G.); (D.P.)
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Josef Koestler
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.E.); (R.W.); (A.G.); (D.P.)
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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Sholukh AM, Fiore-Gartland A, Ford ES, Miner MD, Hou YJ, Tse LV, Kaiser H, Zhu H, Lu J, Madarampalli B, Park A, Lempp FA, St. Germain R, Bossard EL, Kee JJ, Diem K, Stuart AB, Rupert PB, Brock C, Buerger M, Doll MK, Randhawa AK, Stamatatos L, Strong RK, McLaughlin C, Huang ML, Jerome KR, Baric RS, Montefiori D, Corey L. Evaluation of Cell-Based and Surrogate SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Assays. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0052721. [PMID: 34288726 PMCID: PMC8451402 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00527-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Determinants of protective immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection require the development of well-standardized, reproducible antibody assays. This need has led to the emergence of a variety of neutralization assays. Head-to-head evaluation of different SARS-CoV-2 neutralization platforms could facilitate comparisons across studies and laboratories. Five neutralization assays were compared using 40 plasma samples from convalescent individuals with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): four cell-based systems using either live recombinant SARS-CoV-2 or pseudotyped viral particles created with lentivirus (LV) or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) packaging and one surrogate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based test that measures inhibition of the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) binding its receptor human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). Vero cells, Vero E6 cells, HEK293T cells expressing hACE2, and TZM-bl cells expressing hACE2 and transmembrane serine protease 2 were tested. All cell-based assays showed 50% neutralizing dilution (ND50) geometric mean titers (GMTs) that were highly correlated (Pearson r = 0.81 to 0.89) and ranged within 3.4-fold. The live virus assay and LV pseudovirus assays with HEK293T/hACE2 cells showed very similar mean titers, 141 and 178, respectively. ND50 titers positively correlated with plasma IgG targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and RBD (r = 0.63 to 0.89), but moderately correlated with nucleoprotein IgG (r = 0.46 to 0.73). ND80 GMTs mirrored ND50 data and showed similar correlation between assays and with IgG concentrations. The VSV pseudovirus assay and LV pseudovirus assay with HEK293T/hACE2 cells in low- and high-throughput versions were calibrated against the WHO SARS-CoV-2 IgG standard. High concordance between the outcomes of cell-based assays with live and pseudotyped virions enables valid cross-study comparison using these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M. Sholukh
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew Fiore-Gartland
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily S. Ford
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maurine D. Miner
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yixuan J. Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Longping V. Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Haiying Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joyce Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bhanupriya Madarampalli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Arnold Park
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Russell St. Germain
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily L. Bossard
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jia Jin Kee
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kurt Diem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew B. Stuart
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter B. Rupert
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chance Brock
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew Buerger
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Margaret K. Doll
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - April Kaur Randhawa
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Roland K. Strong
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Colleen McLaughlin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Meei-Li Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Keith R. Jerome
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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36
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Wouters E, Verbrugghe C, Devloo R, Debruyne I, De Clippel D, Van Heddegem L, Van Asch K, Van Gaver V, Vanbrabant M, Muylaert A, Compernolle V, Feys HB. A novel competition ELISA for the rapid quantification of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in convalescent plasma. Transfusion 2021; 61:2981-2990. [PMID: 34498761 PMCID: PMC8662007 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) ideally contains high titers of (neutralizing) anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies. Several scalable immunoassays for CCP selection have been developed. We designed an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that measures neutralizing antibodies (of all isotypes) in plasma by determining the level of competition between CCP and a mouse neutralizing antibody for binding to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS‐CoV‐2. Methods Plasma was collected from 72 convalescent individuals and inhibition of viral infection was determined by plaque reduction neutralization (PRNT50). The level of neutralizing antibodies was measured in the novel competition ELISA and in a commercially available ELISA that measures inhibition of recombinant ACE2 binding to immobilized RBD. These results were compared with a high throughput chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Results The results from both ELISAs were correlating, in particular for high titer CCP (PRNT50 ≥ 1:160) (Spearman r = .73, p < .001). Moderate correlation was found between the competition ELISA and CMIA (r = .57 for high titer and r = .62 for low titer CCP, p < .001). Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that the competition ELISA selected CCP with a sensitivity and specificity of 61% and 100%, respectively. However, discrimination between low and high titer CCP had a lower resolution (sensitivity: 34% and specificity: 89%). Conclusion The competition ELISA screens for neutralizing antibodies in CCP by competition for just a single epitope. It exerts a sensitivity of 61% with no false identifications. These ELISA designs can be used for epitope mapping or for selection of CCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Wouters
- Transfusion Research Center, Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caro Verbrugghe
- Transfusion Research Center, Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Ghent, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rosalie Devloo
- Transfusion Research Center, Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Kristin Van Asch
- Blood Service of the Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Miek Vanbrabant
- Blood Service of the Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - An Muylaert
- Blood Service of the Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Veerle Compernolle
- Transfusion Research Center, Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Ghent, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Blood Service of the Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Hendrik B Feys
- Transfusion Research Center, Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Ghent, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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37
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Markmann AJ, Giallourou N, Bhowmik DR, Hou YJ, Lerner A, Martinez DR, Premkumar L, Root H, van Duin D, Napravnik S, Graham SD, Guerra Q, Raut R, Petropoulos CJ, Wrin T, Cornaby C, Schmitz J, Kuruc J, Weiss S, Park Y, Baric R, de Silva AM, Margolis DM, Bartelt LA. Sex Disparities and Neutralizing-Antibody Durability to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Convalescent Individuals. mSphere 2021; 6:e0027521. [PMID: 34431693 DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00275-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now caused over 2 million deaths worldwide and continues to expand. Currently, much is unknown about functionally neutralizing human antibody responses and durability to SARS-CoV-2 months after infection or the reason for the discrepancy in COVID-19 disease and sex. Using convalescent-phase sera collected from 101 COVID-19-recovered individuals 21 to 212 days after symptom onset with 48 additional longitudinal samples, we measured functionality and durability of serum antibodies. We also evaluated associations of individual demographic and clinical parameters with functional neutralizing antibody responses to COVID-19. We found robust antibody durability out to 6 months, as well as significant positive associations with the magnitude of the neutralizing antibody response and male sex and in individuals with cardiometabolic comorbidities. IMPORTANCE In this study, we found that neutralizing antibody responses in COVID-19-convalescent individuals vary in magnitude but are durable and correlate well with receptor binding domain (RBD) Ig binding antibody levels compared to other SARS-CoV-2 antigen responses. In our cohort, higher neutralizing antibody titers are independently and significantly associated with male sex compared to female sex. We also show for the first time that higher convalescent antibody titers in male donors are associated with increased age and symptom grade. Furthermore, cardiometabolic comorbidities are associated with higher antibody titers independently of sex. Here, we present an in-depth evaluation of serologic, demographic, and clinical correlates of functional antibody responses and durability to SARS-CoV-2 which supports the growing literature on sex discrepancies regarding COVID-19 disease morbidity and mortality, as well as functional neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.
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38
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Dolscheid-Pommerich R, Bartok E, Renn M, Kümmerer BM, Schulte B, Schmithausen RM, Stoffel-Wagner B, Streeck H, Saschenbrecker S, Steinhagen K, Hartmann G. Correlation between a quantitative anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA and neutralization activity. J Med Virol 2021; 94:388-392. [PMID: 34415572 PMCID: PMC8426838 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the current COVID-19 pandemic, a better understanding of the relationship between merely binding and functionally neutralizing antibodies is necessary to characterize protective antiviral immunity following infection or vaccination. This study analyzes the level of correlation between the novel quantitative EUROIMMUN Anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac ELISA (IgG) and a microneutralization assay. A panel of 123 plasma samples from a COVID-19 outbreak study population, preselected by semiquantitative anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG testing, was used to assess the relationship between the novel quantitative ELISA (IgG) and a microneutralization assay. Binding IgG targeting the S1 antigen was detected in 106 (86.2%) samples using the QuantiVac ELISA, while 89 (72.4%) samples showed neutralizing antibody activity. Spearman's correlation analysis demonstrated a strong positive relationship between anti-S1 IgG levels and neutralizing antibody titers (rs = 0.819, p < 0.0001). High and low anti-S1 IgG levels were associated with a positive predictive value of 72.0% for high-titer neutralizing antibodies and a negative predictive value of 90.8% for low-titer neutralizing antibodies, respectively. These results substantiate the implementation of the QuantiVac ELISA to assess protective immunity following infection or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Bartok
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Renn
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Mildred Scheel School of Oncology, Bonn, Germany.,University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Bianca Schulte
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Saschenbrecker
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Steinhagen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Göbel CH, Heinze A, Karstedt S, Morscheck M, Tashiro L, Cirkel A, Hamid Q, Halwani R, Temsah MH, Ziemann M, Görg S, Münte T, Göbel H. Clinical characteristics of headache after vaccination against COVID-19 (coronavirus SARS-CoV-2) with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine: a multicentre observational cohort study. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab169. [PMID: 34405142 PMCID: PMC8344581 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes the infectious disease COVID-19. Newly developed mRNA vaccines can prevent the spread of the virus. Headache is the most common neurological symptom in over 50% of those vaccinated. Detailed information about the clinical characteristics of this form of headache has not yet been described. The aim of the study is to examine in detail the clinical characteristics of headaches occurring after vaccination against COVID-19 with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine for the first time. In a multicentre observational cohort study, data on the clinical features and corresponding variables were recorded using a standardized online questionnaire. The questionnaire was circulated to 12 000 residential care homes of the elderly as well as tertiary university hospitals in Germany and the United Arab Emirates. The primary outcomes of this study are the clinical features of headache after vaccination. Comorbidities, treatment with medication and sociodemographic variables are also analysed. A total of 2349 participants reported headaches after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Headaches occur an average of 18.0 ± 27.0 h after vaccination and last an average duration of 14.2 ± 21.3 h. Only 9.7% of those affected also report headaches resulting from previous vaccinations. In 66.6% of the participants, headache occurs as a single episode. A bilateral location is indicated by 73.1% of the participants. This is most often found on the forehead (38.0%) and temples (32.1%). A pressing pain character is indicated by 49.2% and 40.7% report a dull pain character. The pain intensity is most often moderate (46.2%), severe (32.1%) or very severe (8.2%). The most common accompanying symptoms are fatigue (38.8%), exhaustion (25.7%) and muscle pain (23.4%). Headaches after COVID-19 vaccination show an extensive complex of symptoms. The constellation of accompanying symptoms together with the temporal and spatial headache characteristics delimit a distinctive headache phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl H Göbel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Kiel Migraine and Headache Centre, Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel Heinze
- Kiel Migraine and Headache Centre, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sarah Karstedt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Kiel Migraine and Headache Centre, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Anna Cirkel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Kiel Migraine and Headache Centre, Kiel, Germany
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Malte Ziemann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Siegfried Görg
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Münte
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
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Steiner S, Schwarz T, Corman VM, Sotzny F, Bauer S, Drosten C, Volk HD, Scheibenbogen C, Hanitsch LG. Reactive T Cells in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients With Negative SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Serology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687449. [PMID: 34322120 PMCID: PMC8312095 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19, specific antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike are undetectable in serum in approximately 10% of convalescent patients after mild disease course. This raises the question of induction and persistence of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in these convalescent individuals. Using flow cytometry, we assessed specific SARS-CoV-2 and human endemic coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, -OC43) reactive T cells after stimulation with spike and nucleocapsid peptide pools and analyzed cytokine polyfunctionality (IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-2) in seropositive and seronegative convalescent COVID-19 patients as well as in unexposed healthy controls. Stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid (NCAP) as well as HCoV spike peptide pools elicited a similar T cell response in seropositive and seronegative post COVID-19 patients. Significantly higher frequencies of polyfunctional cytokine nucleocapsid reactive CD4+ T cells (triple positive for IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-2) were observed in both, seropositive (p = 0.008) and seronegative (p = 0.04), COVID-19 convalescent compared to healthy controls and were detectable up to day 162 post RT-PCR positivity in seronegative convalescents. Our data indicate an important role of NCAP-specific T cells for viral control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Steiner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schwarz
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), associated partner, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), associated partner, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Sotzny
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Bauer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), associated partner, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Scheibenbogen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif G Hanitsch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
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Vicenti I, Gatti F, Scaggiante R, Boccuto A, Modolo E, Zago D, Basso M, Dragoni F, Bartolini N, Zazzi M, Parisi SG. Time Course of Neutralizing Antibody in Health Care Workers With Mild or Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab312. [PMID: 34295945 PMCID: PMC8291533 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the time course of neutralizing antibody (NtAb) titer in a cohort of health care workers with mild or asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. NtAb levels decreased over time; however, serum neutralizing activity remained detectable after a median of 7 months from SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis in the majority of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Vicenti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Gatti
- Department of Molecular Medicine University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Adele Boccuto
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Zago
- Department of Molecular Medicine University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Basso
- Department of Molecular Medicine University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Dragoni
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Niccolo’ Bartolini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Mühlemann B, Thibeault C, Hillus D, Helbig ET, Lippert LJ, Tober-Lau P, Schwarz T, Müller MA, Witzenrath M, Suttorp N, Sander LE, Drosten C, Jones TC, Corman VM, Kurth F. Impact of dexamethasone on SARS-CoV-2 concentration kinetics and antibody response in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: results from a prospective observational study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:1520.e7-1520.e10. [PMID: 34139335 PMCID: PMC8205283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Dexamethasone has become the standard of care for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but its virological impact is poorly understood. The objectives of this work were to characterize the kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) concentration in the upper respiratory tract (URT) and the antibody response in patients with (D+) and without (D–) dexamethasone treatment. Methods Data and biosamples from hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, enrolled between 4th March and 11th December 2020 in a prospective observational study, were analysed. SARS-CoV-2 virus concentration in serial URT samples was measured using RT-PCR. SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulins A and G (IgA and IgG) were measured in serum samples using S1-ELISA. Results We compared 101 immunocompetent patients who received dexamethasone (according to the inclusion criteria and dosage determined in the RECOVERY trial) to 93 immunocompetent patients with comparable disease severity from the first months of the pandemic, who had not been treated with dexamethasone or other glucocorticoids. We found no inter-group differences in virus concentration kinetics, duration of presence of viral loads >106 viral copies/mL (D+ median 17 days (IQR 13–24), D– 19 days (IQR 13–29)), or time from symptom onset until seroconversion (IgA: D+ median 11.5 days (IQR 11–12), D– 14 days (IQR 11.5–15.75); IgG: D+ 13 days (IQR 12–14.5), D– 12 days (IQR 11–15)). Conclusion Dexamethasone does not appear to lead to a change in virus clearance or a delay in antibody response in immunocompetent patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mühlemann
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Thibeault
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Hillus
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa T Helbig
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena J Lippert
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pinkus Tober-Lau
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schwarz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Martin Witzenrath
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Leif E Sander
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Terry C Jones
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Victor M Corman
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Abstract
In the absence of effective antiviral chemotherapy and still in the context of emerging vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 infections, passive immunotherapy remains a key treatment and possible prevention strategy. What might initially be conceived as a simplified donor-recipient process, the intricacies of donor plasma, IV immunoglobulins, and monoclonal antibody modality applications are becoming more apparent. Key targets of such treatment have largely focused on virus neutralization and the specific viral components of the attachment Spike protein and its constituents (e.g., receptor binding domain, N-terminal domain). The cumulative laboratory and clinical experience suggests that beneficial protective and treatment outcomes are possible. Both a dose- and a time-dependency emerge. Lesser understood are the concepts of bioavailability and distribution. Apart from direct antigen binding from protective immunoglobulins, antibody effector functions have potential roles in outcome. In attempting to mimic the natural but variable response to infection or vaccination, a strong functional polyclonal approach attracts the potential benefits of attacking antigen diversity, high antibody avidity, antibody persistence, and protection against escape viral mutation. The availability and ease of administration for any passive immunotherapy product must be considered in the current climate of need. There is never a perfect product, but yet there is considerable room for improving patient outcomes. Given the variability of human genetics, immunity, and disease, and given the nuances of the virus and its potential for change, passive immunotherapy can be developed that will be effective for some but not all patients. An understanding of such patient variability and limitations is just as important as the understanding of the direct interactions between immunotherapy and virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevio Cimolai
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s and Women’s Health Centre of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6H 3V4
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Kohmer N, Rühl C, Ciesek S, Rabenau HF. Utility of Different Surrogate Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (sELISAs) for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2128. [PMID: 34069088 PMCID: PMC8157164 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is a preferred method for the detection of functional, SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibodies from serum samples. Alternatively, surrogate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using ACE2 as the target structure for the detection of neutralization-competent antibodies have been developed. They are capable of high throughput, have a short turnaround time, and can be performed under standard laboratory safety conditions. However, there are very limited data on their clinical performance and how they compare to the PRNT. We evaluated three surrogate immunoassays (GenScript SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Kit (GenScript Biotech, Piscataway Township, NJ, USA), the TECO® SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody Assay (TECOmedical AG, Sissach, Switzerland), and the Leinco COVID-19 ImmunoRank™ Neutralization MICRO-ELISA (Leinco Technologies, Fenton, MO, USA)) and one automated quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-based IgG antibody assay (Abbott GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany) by testing 78 clinical samples, including several follow-up samples of six BNT162b2 (BioNTech/Pfizer, Mainz, Germany/New York, NY, USA) vaccinated individuals. Using the PRNT as a reference method, the overall sensitivity of the examined assays ranged from 93.8 to 100% and specificity ranged from 73.9 to 91.3%. Weighted kappa demonstrated a substantial to almost perfect agreement. The findings of our study allow these assays to be considered when a PRNT is not available. However, the latter still should be the preferred choice. For optimal clinical performance, the cut-off value of the TECO assay should be individually adapted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Kohmer
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.K.); (C.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Cornelia Rühl
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.K.); (C.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.K.); (C.R.); (S.C.)
- German Centre for Infection Research, External Partner Site, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Holger F. Rabenau
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.K.); (C.R.); (S.C.)
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