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Nelson CT, Johnson CM. Evaluation of feline heartworm disease based on gross necropsy, serology, pulmonary histopathology, and radiographic evidence in adult shelter cats in northeastern Alabama. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:161. [PMID: 38553770 PMCID: PMC10979576 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Veterinary knowledge regarding feline heartworm has been increasing significantly over the past two decades. Necropsy surveys of shelter cats have shown feline adult heartworm infection prevalence to be 5-20% of the rate in unprotected dogs; however, other studies have shown feline heartworm antibody prevalence up to 33%, reflecting higher exposure rates and potential immature adult infections. Thus, the true prevalence of feline heartworm infection is likely underestimated due to the limitations of current diagnostic techniques, inadequate testing protocols, and the high likelihood of cats exhibiting transient clinical signs or dying without confirmation of infection. Diagnosing Feline Heartworm Disease (FHWD), also referred to as Heartworm Associated Respiratory Disease (HARD), is one of the conundrums of veterinary medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and characterize the occurrence of Heartworm Associated Respiratory Disease [HARD] in shelter cats, naturally-infected with D.immitis. METHODS Fifty shelter cats slated for euthanasia between December 2009 and June 2010 were investigated by gross necropsy, radiography, serology, and lung histopathology using techniques that have been established in experimental models of cat heartworm infection. The relationship between pulmonary vascular disease and serological markers for heartworm was also examined using correlations and statistical modeling. Serology included standard heartworm antigen test and a commonly used heartworm antibody test. Also included were heat-treated heartworm antigen test and two additional heartworm antibody tests previously evaluated on experimentally-infected cats. RESULTS None of the cats were heartworm antibody (HW Ab) positive on a commonly used HW Ab test used by many reference laboratories even though 20% of the study cats were heartworm antigen (HW Ag) positive on heat-treated samples. Two additional HW Ab test were positive on 26% and 22% of the study cats. The combination of heat-treated HW Ag, HW Ab tests, and histopathology indicated 34% of the study cats had HARD. CONCLUSIONS Utilizing both, the above tests, and thoracic radiographs, enhanced the ability to predict vascular disease, possibly caused by infection with immature and adult heartworms and supported the premise that cats develop heartworm disease at the same rate as dogs.
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Moorhead AR, Evans CC, Sakamoto K, Dzimianski MT, Mansour A, DiCosty U, Fricks C, McCall S, Carson B, Nelson CT, McCall JW. Effects of doxycycline dose rate and pre-adulticide wait period on heartworm-associated pathology and adult worm mass. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:251. [PMID: 37491306 PMCID: PMC10369763 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heartworm Society canine guidelines recommend treatment with doxycycline prior to adulticide administration to reduce levels of Wolbachia and its associated metabolites, which are known to be a leading cause of pulmonary pathology. Studies have determined that doxycycline administered at 10 mg/kg BID for 28 days is an effective dose for eliminating Wolbachia, but what has not been determined is the clinical relevance of this elimination. The current guidelines also recommend a 30-day wait period following administration of doxycycline to allow for clearance of metabolites, such as Wolbachia surface protein, and for further reduction in heartworm biomass before administration of adulticide. Reducing the doxycycline dose and eliminating the wait period may carry practical benefits for the animal, client, and practitioner. METHODS To investigate these treatment practices, Dirofilaria immitis adults were surgically transplanted into each of 45 dogs, which were divided into nine study groups of five dogs each. Seventy-five days after transplantation, two groups each were administered 5, 7.5, or 10 mg/kg BID doxycycline orally for 28 days and 6 µg/kg ivermectin monthly, with three untreated groups serving as controls. Study animals were necropsied and examined prior to treatment as well as 30 and 60 days post-treatment. RESULTS Mean worm weight was unaffected by dosage but exhibited a significant increase at 30 days and significant decrease at 60 days post-treatment, including in control groups. Histopathology lesion scores did not significantly differ among groups, with the exception of the lung composite score for one untreated group. Liver enzymes, the levels of which are a concern in doxycycline treatment, were also examined, with no abnormalities in alanine aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase observed. CONCLUSIONS No consistent worsening of tissue lesions was observed with or without the AHS-recommended 30-day wait period, nor did reduced dosages of doxycycline lead to worsening of pathology or any change in efficacy in depleting worm weight. Mean worm weight did significantly increase prior to, and decrease following, the wait period. Future work that also includes adulticide treatment (i.e. melarsomine) will study treatment recommendations that may improve both animal health and owner compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Moorhead
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Christopher C Evans
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kaori Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael T Dzimianski
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Utami DiCosty
- TRS Labs Inc., P.O. Box 5112, Athens, GA, 30607, USA
| | | | - Scott McCall
- TRS Labs Inc., P.O. Box 5112, Athens, GA, 30607, USA
| | - Ben Carson
- TRS Labs Inc., P.O. Box 5112, Athens, GA, 30607, USA
| | - C Thomas Nelson
- Animal Medical Center, 719 Quintard Ave, Anniston, AL, 30605, USA
| | - John W McCall
- TRS Labs Inc., P.O. Box 5112, Athens, GA, 30607, USA
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Evans CC, Bradner JL, Savadelis MD, Nelson CT, Moorhead AR. Acetic acid as an alternative reagent in the modified Knott test. Vet Parasitol 2019; 276:108975. [PMID: 31775102 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.108975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The suitability of acetic acid as a safer alternative to formalin in the modified Knott test was evaluated for the diagnosis of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis). Microfilaria concentration was measured by both methods and found to agree within reasonable limits (-5.84 % bias; -88.1-76.4 % limits of agreement). The level of agreement was lower when samples were prepared with a 24 h delay, but this was due to the formalin method tending to yield lower counts (-20.1 % bias; -90.5-50.2 % limits of agreement). Clearing the sample of hemoglobin improves readability and is a key feature of the modified Knott test. Hemolysis was significantly lower in the acetic acid method than the formalin method as measured by red blood cell count (6.83 × 106 and 8.79 × 106 cells/ml, respectively; p = 0.015) and absorbance at 415 nm (33.20 and 34.75, respectively; p < 0.001). Visual assessment, however, revealed little practical difference in readability. Finally, lengths of microfilariae were measured to ensure the validity of species identification by the acetic acid method; mean length was significantly shorter after acetic acid treatment (273 μm) than formalin treatment (316 μm; p < 0.001). Length reduction was also observed in acetic acid-treated Acanthocheilonema reconditum (254 μm versus 262 μm; p = 0.035), though these samples were stored prior to testing and are not directly comparable. We conclude that, while the readability of samples is similar for both methods, species differentiation must still be accomplished by other means. For most clinical purposes in determining the presence or absence of blood circulating microfilariae, however, acetic acid appears to be a suitable alternative to formalin in the modified Knott test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Evans
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, United States.
| | - Jenna L Bradner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
| | - Molly D Savadelis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
| | - C Thomas Nelson
- Animal Medical Center, 719 Quintard Ave, Anniston, AL, 30605, United States
| | - Andrew R Moorhead
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
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Li Q, Nelson CT, Hsu SL, Damodaran AR, Li LL, Yadav AK, McCarter M, Martin LW, Ramesh R, Kalinin SV. Quantification of flexoelectricity in PbTiO 3/SrTiO 3 superlattice polar vortices using machine learning and phase-field modeling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1468. [PMID: 29133906 PMCID: PMC5684141 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexoelectricity refers to electric polarization generated by heterogeneous mechanical strains, namely strain gradients, in materials of arbitrary crystal symmetries. Despite more than 50 years of work on this effect, an accurate identification of its coupling strength remains an experimental challenge for most materials, which impedes its wide recognition. Here, we show the presence of flexoelectricity in the recently discovered polar vortices in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices based on a combination of machine-learning analysis of the atomic-scale electron microscopy imaging data and phenomenological phase-field modeling. By scrutinizing the influence of flexocoupling on the global vortex structure, we match theory and experiment using computer vision methodologies to determine the flexoelectric coefficients for PbTiO3 and SrTiO3. Our findings highlight the inherent, nontrivial role of flexoelectricity in the generation of emergent complex polarization morphologies and demonstrate a viable approach to delineating this effect, conducive to the deeper exploration of both topics. Flexoelectric coupling between strain gradients and polarization influences the physics of ferroelectric devices but it is difficult to directly probe its effects. Here, Li et al. use principal component analysis to compare STEM images with phase-field modeling and extract the flexoelectric contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Li
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials and Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - C T Nelson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - S-L Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - A R Damodaran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - L-L Li
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials and Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - A K Yadav
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - M McCarter
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - L W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - S V Kalinin
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials and Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of heartworm treatment is to improve the clinical condition of the patient and to eliminate pre-cardiac, juvenile, and adult worm stages with minimal complications. Pulmonary thromboembolisms are an inevitable consequence of worm death and can result in severe pulmonary reactions and even death of the patient. To minimize these reactions, various treatment protocols involving melarsomine, the only adulticidal drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administrations (FDA), in conjunction with macrocyclic lactone heartworm preventives and glucocorticosteroids have been advocated. The discovery of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia in Dirofilaria immitis has led to several experimental studies examining the effects of administering doxycycline to reduce or eliminate Wolbachia organism. These studies have shown a decrease in gross and microscopic pathology of pulmonary parenchyma in experimental heartworm infections pretreated with doxycycline before melarsomine administration. METHODS Electronic medical records from a large veterinary practice in northeast Alabama were searched to identify dogs treated for heartworms with melarsomine from January 2005 through December 2012. The search was refined further to select for dogs that met the following criteria: 1) received two or three doses of ivermectin heartworm preventive prior to melarsomine injections, 2) received one injection of melarsomine followed by two injections 4 to 8 weeks later, and 3) were treated with prednisone following melarsomine injections. The dogs were then divided into those that also were treated with doxycycline 10 mg/kg BID for 4 weeks (Group A, n = 47) and those that did not receive doxycycline (Group B, n = 47). The medical notes of all 94 cases were then reviewed for comments concerning coughing, dyspnea, or hemoptysis in the history, physical exam template, or from telephone conversations with clients the week following each visit. Any dog that died within one year of treatment from either cardiovascular or pulmonary problems was noted. RESULTS Dogs from Group A receiving doxycycline had fewer respiratory complications (6.52%) and heartworm disease-related deaths (0%) than Group B (19.14% and 4.25%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Although there are not enough cases to indicate statistical significance, the results strongly suggest that including doxycycline into canine heartworm treatment protocols decreases post-treatment complications and mortality in naturally infected clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thomas Nelson
- Animal Medical Centers of NE Alabama, 719 Quintard Ave, Anniston, AL, 36201-5757, USA.
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Damodaran AR, Clarkson JD, Hong Z, Liu H, Yadav AK, Nelson CT, Hsu SL, McCarter MR, Park KD, Kravtsov V, Farhan A, Dong Y, Cai Z, Zhou H, Aguado-Puente P, García-Fernández P, Íñiguez J, Junquera J, Scholl A, Raschke MB, Chen LQ, Fong DD, Ramesh R, Martin LW. Phase coexistence and electric-field control of toroidal order in oxide superlattices. Nat Mater 2017; 16:1003-1009. [PMID: 28783161 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Systems that exhibit phase competition, order parameter coexistence, and emergent order parameter topologies constitute a major part of modern condensed-matter physics. Here, by applying a range of characterization techniques, and simulations, we observe that in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices all of these effects can be found. By exploring superlattice period-, temperature- and field-dependent evolution of these structures, we observe several new features. First, it is possible to engineer phase coexistence mediated by a first-order phase transition between an emergent, low-temperature vortex phase with electric toroidal order and a high-temperature ferroelectric a1/a2 phase. At room temperature, the coexisting vortex and ferroelectric phases form a mesoscale, fibre-textured hierarchical superstructure. The vortex phase possesses an axial polarization, set by the net polarization of the surrounding ferroelectric domains, such that it possesses a multi-order-parameter state and belongs to a class of gyrotropic electrotoroidal compounds. Finally, application of electric fields to this mixed-phase system permits interconversion between the vortex and the ferroelectric phases concomitant with order-of-magnitude changes in piezoelectric and nonlinear optical responses. Our findings suggest new cross-coupled functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Damodaran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J D Clarkson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - H Liu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A K Yadav
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C T Nelson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S-L Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M R McCarter
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K-D Park
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - V Kravtsov
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A Farhan
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Y Dong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Z Cai
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P Aguado-Puente
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - P García-Fernández
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - J Íñiguez
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - J Junquera
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - A Scholl
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - L-Q Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - D D Fong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Yadav AK, Nelson CT, Hsu SL, Hong Z, Clarkson JD, Schlepütz CM, Damodaran AR, Shafer P, Arenholz E, Dedon LR, Chen D, Vishwanath A, Minor AM, Chen LQ, Scott JF, Martin LW, Ramesh R. Corrigendum: Observation of polar vortices in oxide superlattices. Nature 2016; 534:138. [PMID: 26934222 DOI: 10.1038/nature17420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Marti X, Fina I, Frontera C, Liu J, Wadley P, He Q, Paull RJ, Clarkson JD, Kudrnovský J, Turek I, Kuneš J, Yi D, Chu JH, Nelson CT, You L, Arenholz E, Salahuddin S, Fontcuberta J, Jungwirth T, Ramesh R. Room-temperature antiferromagnetic memory resistor. Nat Mater 2014; 13:367-374. [PMID: 24464243 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The bistability of ordered spin states in ferromagnets provides the basis for magnetic memory functionality. The latest generation of magnetic random access memories rely on an efficient approach in which magnetic fields are replaced by electrical means for writing and reading the information in ferromagnets. This concept may eventually reduce the sensitivity of ferromagnets to magnetic field perturbations to being a weakness for data retention and the ferromagnetic stray fields to an obstacle for high-density memory integration. Here we report a room-temperature bistable antiferromagnetic (AFM) memory that produces negligible stray fields and is insensitive to strong magnetic fields. We use a resistor made of a FeRh AFM, which orders ferromagnetically roughly 100 K above room temperature, and therefore allows us to set different collective directions for the Fe moments by applied magnetic field. On cooling to room temperature, AFM order sets in with the direction of the AFM moments predetermined by the field and moment direction in the high-temperature ferromagnetic state. For electrical reading, we use an AFM analogue of the anisotropic magnetoresistance. Our microscopic theory modelling confirms that this archetypical spintronic effect, discovered more than 150 years ago in ferromagnets, is also present in AFMs. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating room-temperature spintronic memories with AFMs, which in turn expands the base of available magnetic materials for devices with properties that cannot be achieved with ferromagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Marti
- 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 12116 Praha 2, Czech Republic [3] Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 53 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - I Fina
- 1] Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra E-08193, Spain [2] Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle D-06120, Germany
| | - C Frontera
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra E-08193, Spain
| | - Jian Liu
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Wadley
- 1] Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 53 Praha 6, Czech Republic [2] School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Q He
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R J Paull
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J D Clarkson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Kudrnovský
- Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - I Turek
- 1] Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 12116 Praha 2, Czech Republic [2] Institute of Physics of Materials ASCR, v.v.i., Zizkova 22, Brno 616 62, Czech Republic
| | - J Kuneš
- Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 53 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - D Yi
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J-H Chu
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C T Nelson
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L You
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Arenholz
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Salahuddin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Fontcuberta
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra E-08193, Spain
| | - T Jungwirth
- 1] Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 53 Praha 6, Czech Republic [2] School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - R Ramesh
- 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Brown HE, Harrington LC, Kaufman PE, McKay T, Bowman DD, Nelson CT, Wang D, Lund R. Key factors influencing canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, in the United States. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:245. [PMID: 23111089 PMCID: PMC3523980 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An examination of the Companion Animal Parasite Council's (CAPC) canine heartworm data to clarify the spatial prevalence of heartworm in the United States. Factors thought to influence the spatial risk of disease, as identified in a recent CAPC workshop, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi E Brown
- School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | - Phillip E Kaufman
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tanja McKay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR, 72467, USA
| | - Dwight D Bowman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0975, USA
| | - Robert Lund
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0975, USA
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Jang HW, Kumar A, Denev S, Biegalski MD, Maksymovych P, Bark CW, Nelson CT, Folkman CM, Baek SH, Balke N, Brooks CM, Tenne DA, Schlom DG, Chen LQ, Pan XQ, Kalinin SV, Gopalan V, Eom CB. Ferroelectricity in strain-free SrTiO3 thin films. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:197601. [PMID: 20866998 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.197601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biaxial strain is known to induce ferroelectricity in thin films of nominally nonferroelectric materials such as SrTiO3. By a direct comparison of the strained and strain-free SrTiO3 films using dielectric, ferroelectric, Raman, nonlinear optical and nanoscale piezoelectric property measurements, we conclude that all SrTiO3 films and bulk crystals are relaxor ferroelectrics, and the role of strain is to stabilize longer-range correlation of preexisting nanopolar regions, likely originating from minute amounts of unintentional Sr deficiency in nominally stoichiometric samples. These findings highlight the sensitive role of stoichiometry when exploring strain and epitaxy-induced electronic phenomena in oxide films, heterostructures, and interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Lee S, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Bark CW, Weiss JD, Tarantini C, Nelson CT, Jang HW, Folkman CM, Baek SH, Polyanskii A, Abraimov D, Yamamoto A, Park JW, Pan XQ, Hellstrom EE, Larbalestier DC, Eom CB. Template engineering of Co-doped BaFe2As2 single-crystal thin films. Nat Mater 2010; 9:397-402. [PMID: 20190768 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding new superconductors requires high-quality epitaxial thin films to explore intrinsic electromagnetic properties and evaluate device applications. So far, superconducting properties of ferropnictide thin films seem compromised by imperfect epitaxial growth and poor connectivity of the superconducting phase. Here we report new template engineering using single-crystal intermediate layers of (001) SrTiO(3) and BaTiO(3) grown on various perovskite substrates that enables genuine epitaxial films of Co-doped BaFe(2)As(2) with a high transition temperature (T(c,rho=0) of 21.5 K, where rho=resistivity), a small transition width (DeltaT(c)=1.3 K), a superior critical current density J(c) of 4.5 MA cm(-2) (4.2 K) and strong c-axis flux pinning. Implementing SrTiO(3) or BaTiO(3) templates to match the alkaline-earth layer in the Ba-122 with the alkaline-earth/oxygen layer in the templates opens new avenues for epitaxial growth of ferropnictides on multifunctional single-crystal substrates. Beyond superconductors, it provides a framework for growing heteroepitaxial intermetallic compounds on various substrates by matching interfacial layers between templates and thin-film overlayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Baek SH, Jang HW, Folkman CM, Li YL, Winchester B, Zhang JX, He Q, Chu YH, Nelson CT, Rzchowski MS, Pan XQ, Ramesh R, Chen LQ, Eom CB. Ferroelastic switching for nanoscale non-volatile magnetoelectric devices. Nat Mater 2010; 9:309-314. [PMID: 20190772 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroics, where (anti-) ferromagnetic, ferroelectric and ferroelastic order parameters coexist, enable manipulation of magnetic ordering by an electric field through switching of the electric polarization. It has been shown that realization of magnetoelectric coupling in a single-phase multiferroic such as BiFeO(3) requires ferroelastic (71 degrees, 109 degrees) rather than ferroelectric (180 degrees) domain switching. However, the control of such ferroelastic switching in a single-phase system has been a significant challenge as elastic interactions tend to destabilize small switched volumes, resulting in subsequent ferroelastic back-switching at zero electric field, and thus the disappearance of non-volatile information storage. Guided by our phase-field simulations, here we report an approach to stabilize ferroelastic switching by eliminating the stress-induced instability responsible for back-switching using isolated monodomain BiFeO(3) islands. This work demonstrates a critical step to control and use non-volatile magnetoelectric coupling at the nanoscale. Beyond magnetoelectric coupling, it provides a framework for exploring a route to control multiple order parameters coupled to ferroelastic order in other low-symmetry materials.
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Nelson CT. Overcoming the RD complex. Compend Contin Educ Vet 2009; 31:446-448. [PMID: 23710496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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14
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Nelson CT. Dirofilaria immitis in cats: diagnosis and management. Compend Contin Educ Vet 2008; 30:393-400. [PMID: 18825639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Imaging and laboratory studies can help with the diagnosis of heartworm disease in cats, but no test is definitive. Furthermore, even when the diagnosis can be reliably established, therapy directed at the heartworms does little to help the cat. Rather, management is directed at alleviating clinical signs, with an emphasis on prevention for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thomas Nelson
- Animal Medical Centers of Northeast Alabama, Anniston, Alabama, USA
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15
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Nelson CT. Dirofilaria immitis in cats: anatomy of a disease. Compend Contin Educ Vet 2008; 30:382-389. [PMID: 18825638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is now understood that wherever heartworm infection exists in the local canine population, it will also be found in the feline population. However, this does not mean that the parasite and resulting disease behave the same way in both species. For example, heartworms rarely reach the adult stage in cats, but they can cause respiratory sequelae nonetheless.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thomas Nelson
- Animal Medical Centers of Northeast Alabama, Anniston, Alabama, USA
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Tao L, Ramachandran S, Nelson CT, Lin M, Overzet LJ, Goeckner M, Lee G, Willson CG, Wu W, Hu W. Durable diamond-like carbon templates for UV nanoimprint lithography. Nanotechnology 2008; 19:105302. [PMID: 21817695 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/10/105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between resist and template during the separation process after nanoimprint lithography (NIL) can cause the formation of defects and damage to the templates and resist patterns. To alleviate these problems, fluorinated self-assembled monolayers (F-SAMs, i.e. tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2,tetrahydrooctyl trichlorosilane or FDTS) have been employed as template release coatings. However, we find that the FDTS coating undergoes irreversible degradation after only 10 cycles of UV nanoimprint processes with SU-8 resist. The degradation includes a 28% reduction in surface F atoms and significant increases in the surface roughness. In this paper, diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were investigated as an alternative material not only for coating but also for direct fabrication of nanoimprint templates. DLC films deposited on quartz templates in a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system are shown to have better chemical and physical stability than FDTS. After the same 10 cycles of UV nanoimprints, the surface composition as well as the roughness of DLC films were found to be unchanged. The adhesion energy between the DLC surface and SU-8 is found to be smaller than that of FDTS despite the slightly higher total surface energy of DLC. DLC templates with 40 nm features were fabricated using e-beam lithography followed by Cr lift-off and reactive ion etching. UV nanoimprinting using the directly patterned DLC templates in SU-8 resist demonstrates good pattern transfer fidelity and easy template-resist separation. These results indicate that DLC is a promising material for fabricating durable templates for UV nanoimprint lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA
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Noyola DE, Demmler GJ, Nelson CT, Griesser C, Williamson WD, Atkins JT, Rozelle J, Turcich M, Llorente AM, Sellers-Vinson S, Reynolds A, Bale JF, Gerson P, Yow MD. Early predictors of neurodevelopmental outcome in symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J Pediatr 2001; 138:325-31. [PMID: 11241037 DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2001.112061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the ability of neonatal clinical, audiologic, and computed tomography (CT) findings to predict long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in children with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. METHODS Longitudinal cohort study of children (n = 41) with symptomatic congenital CMV infection evaluated at birth and followed up with serial age-appropriate neurodevelopmental testing. The performance of birth characteristics as predictors of long-term outcome were determined, and clinical and CT scoring systems were developed and correlated with intellectual outcome. RESULTS Microcephaly was the most specific predictor of mental retardation (100%; 95% CI 84.5-100) and major motor disability (92.3%; 95% CI 74.8-99). An abnormality detected by CT was the most sensitive predictor for mental retardation (100%; 95% CI 82.3-100) and motor disability (100%; 95% CI 78.2-100). A highly significant (P <.001) positive correlation was found between head size at birth and the intelligence/developmental quotient (IQ/DQ). Approximately 29% of children had an IQ/DQ >90. There was no association between sensorineural hearing loss at birth and cognitive outcome. However, children with sensorineural hearing loss on follow-up (congenital and late-onset) had a lower IQ/DQ (P =.006) than those with normal hearing. CONCLUSIONS The presence of microcephaly at birth was the most specific predictor of poor cognitive outcome in children with symptomatic congenital CMV infection, whereas children with normal findings on head CT and head circumference proportional to weight exhibited a good cognitive outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Noyola
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Abstract
The potential for functional and underlying physiological change in the adult auditory system is examined through review and evaluation of several sets of literature including auditory deprivation and recovery, auditory learning after hearing aid fitting, auditory abilities of normal listeners exposed to masking noise, and neural plasticity in the sensory and motor systems of animals. This tutorial review is meant for the reader who may be interested in auditory learning and who would like to have a summary and evaluation of the various findings to date. The focus of the review is the effect that various findings of auditory learning may have on hearing aid fitting and selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Palmer
- University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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Nelson CT, Demmler GJ. Cytomegalovirus infection in the pregnant mother, fetus, and newborn infant. Clin Perinatol 1997; 24:151-60. [PMID: 9099507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that infects persons of all ages, races, and backgrounds. Originally described as a rare cause of "cytomegalic inclusion disease," CMV is now known to cause a broad spectrum of illness in the fetus and newborn, with most infections being asymptomatic at birth. This article discusses the epidemiology and diagnosis of CMV infection in pregnant women, the fetus, and the newborn, including recent advances in antenatal diagnosis. In addition, the challenges of treatment and prevention of congenital CMV are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
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Nelson CT, Istas AS, Wilkerson MK, Demmler GJ. PCR detection of cytomegalovirus DNA in serum as a diagnostic test for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:3317-8. [PMID: 8586726 PMCID: PMC228697 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.12.3317-3318.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PCR detected cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in the serum of 18 of 18 infants with symptomatic congenital CMV infection, 1 of 2 infants with asymptomatic congenital CMV infection, and 0 of 32 controls. Serum CMV PCR provided a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for diagnosis of congenital CMV infection in infants who were symptomatic at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Nelson CT, Taber LH. Diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis with a fluorochrome stain. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995; 14:1004-7. [PMID: 8584340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C T Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Texas, Children's Hospital, Houston, USA
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Abstract
This study was designed to replicate the test-retest reliability and critical difference components of the Profile of Hearing Aid Performance (PHAP) as established by Cox and Gilmore (1990). Subjects were 18 experienced hearing aid users ranging in age from 62 to 74 years old. The initial and retest administrations of the PHAP were conducted with no rehabilitative treatment pertaining to hearing loss or amplification provided during the intervening period. The interval between the first and second administrations of the profile was 4-5 months. The mean test-retest difference scores obtained in this investigation were small, not unlike those reported by Cox and Gilmore (1990). Critical difference (CD) values closely approximated those of the previous study except for the Background Noise subscale and the Environment C scale. A pooled estimate of each standard deviation of test-retest differences was computed using data from both investigations. This resulted in critical differences considered to be more precise than the CD values derived from either study alone. Findings strongly support the utility of the PHAP as an effective tool for generating reliable information regarding self-perceived hearing aid performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Nelson
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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Nelson CT, Mason EO, Kaplan SL. Activity of oral antibiotics in middle ear and sinus infections caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: implications for treatment. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13:585-9. [PMID: 7970944 DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199407000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of intermediately and highly penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a problem worldwide. However, optimal management of patients with middle ear and sinus infections caused by resistant pneumococci has not been established. We performed agar dilution susceptibility studies on 71 strains of penicillin-resistant pneumococci (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), > or = 0.1 microgram/ml) recovered from middle ear and sinus cultures of Houston children against 13 oral antibiotics with the use of both established and newly proposed National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards susceptibility criteria. Of the 62 middle ear isolates 35 (56%) were intermediately resistant and 27 (44%) were highly resistant to penicillin. Of the 9 sinus isolates tested, 5 (56%) were intermediately resistant (MIC between 0.1 and 1 micrograms/ml) and 4 (44%) were highly resistant (MIC > or = 2 micrograms/ml) to penicillin. The MIC90 increased with increasing penicillin resistance for the antibiotics tested except for rifampin, ciprofloxacin, loracarbef, clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. None of the highly penicillin-resistant isolates was susceptible to loracarbef or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The MIC90 values for clindamycin and rifampin were similar for the intermediately and highly penicillin-resistant groups, and the number of susceptible isolates in each group remained greater than 90% for both antibiotics. Thirty-five isolates were resistant to erythromycin but susceptible to clindamycin, a susceptibility pattern distinctly different from that seen in South Africa and Europe, where clindamycin resistance parallels erythromycin resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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24
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Nelson CT. Household after-tax income: 1986. Curr Popul Rep Popul Charact 1988:1-66. [PMID: 12315445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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25
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Nelson CT. Pensions: worker coverage and retirement income, 1984. Curr Popul Rep Popul Charact 1987:1-35. [PMID: 12315573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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26
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Nelson CT. Household after-tax income: 1985. Curr Popul Rep Popul Charact 1987:1-51. [PMID: 12268943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Nelson CT. After-tax money income estimates of households: 1984. Curr Popul Rep Popul Charact 1986:i-1-51. [PMID: 12280649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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28
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Nelson CT. After-tax money income estimates of households: 1983. Curr Popul Rep Popul Charact 1985:1-53. [PMID: 12314091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Nelson CT, Feldman AM. After-tax money income estimates of households: 1982. Curr Popul Rep Popul Charact 1984:1-51. [PMID: 12313565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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30
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Nelson CT, Feldman AM. After-tax money income estimates of households: 1981. Curr Popul Rep Popul Charact 1984:1-52. [PMID: 12340017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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31
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Nelson CT, Feldman AM. Estimating after-tax money income distributions using data from the March Current Population Survey. Curr Popul Rep Popul Charact 1983:1-56. [PMID: 12340016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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32
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Nelson CT, Feldman AM. Characteristics of households receiving selected noncash benefits: 1981; (advance data from the March 1982 CPS). Curr Popul Rep Popul Charact 1982:1-25. [PMID: 12280101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Abstract
We review 107 consecutive cases of pemphigus. The mortality for pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus vegetans was 46% between 1949 and 1959 and 24% between 1960 and 1970. The overall mortality for all types of pemphigus was 32%. In the corticosteroid era, complications of therapy were the most frequent causes of death. Mortality and morbidity closely correlated with the corticosteroid dosage used to attain control. This dosage proved to be variable and could not be predicted at the outset in any given patient.
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Rosenberg FR, Einbinder J, Walzer RA, Nelson CT. Vegetating iododerma. An immunologic mechanism. Arch Dermatol 1972; 105:900-5. [PMID: 4260541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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35
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Hirsch JG, Nelson CT, Chase MW, Israel HL, Goldstein RA, Siltzbach LE. The Kveim test. N Engl J Med 1971; 284:1326-8. [PMID: 5576447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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36
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Nelson CT. Jonathan Hutchinson on vaccination syphilis. Arch Dermatol 1969; 99:529-35. [PMID: 4889085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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38
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Nelson CT, King TC, Malkinson FD, Wheeler CE. Graduate training in dermatology. Perspectives. Panel discussion. Arch Dermatol 1969; 99:354-61. [PMID: 5767227 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.99.3.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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39
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McCarthy JT, Sachs P, Nelson CT, Canizarez O. Dermal vasculitis with retinal involvement. Arch Dermatol 1967; 96:109-10. [PMID: 4381927 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.96.1.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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40
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Atwood WG, Miller RC, Nelson CT. Sarcoidosis and the malignant lymphoreticular diseases. Arch Dermatol 1966; 94:144-51. [PMID: 5330105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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41
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Walzer RA, Einbinder JM, Nelson CT. Development of antibodies in response to immunization with heterologous skin. Arch Dermatol 1966; 93:758-62. [PMID: 5326717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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42
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Nelson CT. Primary amyloidosis (and plasma cell dyscrasia). Arch Dermatol 1965; 92:108-10. [PMID: 11850942 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.92.1.108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Robbins WJ, Carrion AL, Nelson CT, Georg LK, Kesten BM, Dalldorf G. Section on Microbiology: Three Pioneer Medical Mycologists. Bull N Y Acad Med 1962; 38:108-125. [PMID: 19312687 PMCID: PMC1804765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Nelson CT, Borg AF, Spizizen J, Barnes MJ. Occurrence of Shigella Types in the Military Population of the Southeastern United States-1943 and 1944. Am J Public Health Nations Health 1946; 36:51-54. [PMID: 18016293 PMCID: PMC1625597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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