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Valle C, Shrestha S, Godeke GJ, Hoogerwerf MN, Reimerink J, Eggink D, Reusken C. Multiplex Serology for Sensitive and Specific Flavivirus IgG Detection: Addition of Envelope Protein Domain III to NS1 Increases Sensitivity for Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus IgG Detection. Viruses 2024; 16:286. [PMID: 38400061 PMCID: PMC10892675 DOI: 10.3390/v16020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis is a vaccine-preventable disease of concern for public health in large parts of Europe, with EU notification rates increasing since 2018. It is caused by the orthoflavivirus tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and a diagnosis of infection is mainly based on serology due to its short viremic phase, often before symptom onset. The interpretation of TBEV serology is hampered by a history of orthoflavivirus vaccination and by previous infections with related orthoflaviviruses. Here, we sought to improve TBEV sero-diagnostics using an antigen combination of in-house expressed NS1 and EDIII in a multiplex, low-specimen-volume set-up for the detection of immune responses to TBEV and other clinically important orthoflaviviruses (i.e., West Nile virus, dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Usutu virus and Zika virus). We show that the combined use of NS1 and EDIII results in both a specific and sensitive test for the detection of TBEV IgG for patient diagnostics, vaccination responses and in seroprevalence studies. This novel approach potentially allows for a low volume-based, simultaneous analysis of IgG responses to a range of orthoflaviviruses with overlapping geographic circulations and clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Valle
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands (M.N.H.); (J.R.)
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Sandhya Shrestha
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands (M.N.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Gert-Jan Godeke
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands (M.N.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Marieke N. Hoogerwerf
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands (M.N.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Johan Reimerink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands (M.N.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands (M.N.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands (M.N.H.); (J.R.)
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Mögling R, Reimerink J, Stanoeva KR, Keramarou M, Guiomar R, Costa I, Haveri A, Holzer B, Korukluoğlu G, Nguyen T, Pakarna G, Pancer K, Trilar KP, Protic J, Stojanović M, De Santis R, Lista F, Vremera T, Leustean M, Pistol A, Zelena H, Reusken C, Broberg EK. Comparative study between virus neutralisation testing and other serological methods detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Europe, 2021. J Virol Methods 2023; 322:114825. [PMID: 37778539 PMCID: PMC10682845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
One consequence of the ongoing coronavirus disease pandemic was the rapid development of both in-house and commercial serological assays detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, in an effort to reliably detect acute and past SARS-CoV-2 infections. It is crucial to evaluate the quality of these serological tests and consequently the sero-epidemiological studies that are performed with the respective tests. Here, we describe the set-up and results of a comparative study, in which a laboratory contracted by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control offered a centralised service to EU/EEA Member and pre-accession Member States to test representative serum specimens with known serological results, with the gold standard technique (virus neutralisation tests) to determine the presence of neutralising antibodies. Laboratories from 12 European countries shared 719 serum specimens with the contractor laboratory. We found that in-house serological tests detecting neutralising antibodies showed the highest percent agreement, both positive and negative, with the virus neutralisation test results. Despite extensive differences in virus neutralisation protocols neutralisation titres showed a strong correlation. From the commercial assays, the best positive percent agreement was found for SARS-CoV-2 IgG (sCOVG) (Siemens - Atellica IM Analyzer). Despite lower positive percent agreement of LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG kit (Diasorin Inc.), the obtained results showed relatively good correlation with neutralisation titres. The set-up of this study allowed for high comparability between laboratories and enabled laboratories that do not have the capacity or capability to perform VNTs themselves. Given the variety of in-house protocols detecting SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralising antibodies, including the virus strain, it could be of interest to select reference isolates for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic to be made available for interested EU Member States and pre-accession countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Mögling
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Johan Reimerink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Kamelia R Stanoeva
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Keramarou
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raquel Guiomar
- The National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Costa
- The National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anu Haveri
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Barbara Holzer
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Trung Nguyen
- Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Gatis Pakarna
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | - Jelena Protic
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines, and Sera - Torlak, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adriana Pistol
- National Institute for Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Hana Zelena
- Public Health Institute Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Eeva K Broberg
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Smit WL, van Tol S, Haas LEM, Limonard GJM, Bossink A, Reusken C, Heron M, Thijsen SFT. Differential abundance of IgG antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal coronaviruses in patients with fatal COVID-19. Virol J 2023; 20:85. [PMID: 37138352 PMCID: PMC10156070 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with the novel pandemic SARS-CoV-2 virus has been shown to elicit a cross-reactive immune response that could lead to a back-boost of memory recall to previously encountered seasonal (endemic) coronaviruses (eCoVs). Whether this response is associated with a fatal clinical outcome in patients with severe COVID-19 remains unclear. In a cohort of hospitalized patients, we have previously shown that heterologous immune responses to eCoVs can be detected in severe COVID-19. Here, we report that COVID-19 patients with fatal disease have decreased SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers at hospital admission, which correlated with lower SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG and was paralleled by a relative abundance of IgG against spike protein of eCoVs of the genus Betacoronavirus. Additional research is needed to assess if eCoV-specific back-boosted IgG is a bystander phenomenon in severe COVID-19, or a factor that influences the development of an efficient anti-viral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter L Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Bosboomstraat 1, 3582 KE, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sophie van Tol
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO Reference Laboratory for COVID-19, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lenneke E M Haas
- Department of Intensive Care, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs J M Limonard
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ailko Bossink
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO Reference Laboratory for COVID-19, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Heron
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Bosboomstraat 1, 3582 KE, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven F T Thijsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Bosboomstraat 1, 3582 KE, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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de Rooij MM, Sikkema RS, Bouwknegt M, de Geus Y, Stanoeva KR, Nieuwenweg S, van Dam AS, Raben C, Dohmen W, Heederik D, Reusken C, Meijer A, Koopmans MP, Franz E, Smit LA. A Comprehensive Sampling Study on SARS-CoV-2 Contamination of Air and Surfaces in a Large Meat Processing Plant Experiencing COVID-19 Clusters in June 2020. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:e227-e233. [PMID: 36640441 PMCID: PMC10090283 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess SARS-CoV-2 contamination of air and surfaces to gain insight into potential occupational exposure in a large meat processing plant experiencing COVID-19 clusters. Methods: Oro-nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 screening was performed in 76 workers. Environmental samples ( n = 275) including air, ventilation systems, sewage, and swabs of high-touch surfaces and workers' hands were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Twenty-seven (35.5%) of the (predominantly asymptomatic) workers tested positive with modest to low viral loads (cycle threshold ≥ 29.7). Six of 203 surface swabs, 1 of 12 personal air samples, and one of four sewage samples tested positive; other samples tested negative. Conclusions: Although one third of workers tested positive, environmental contamination was limited. Widespread SARS-CoV-2 transmission via air and surfaces was considered unlikely within this plant at the time of investigation while strict COVID-19 control measures were already implemented.
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Andeweg SP, Vennema H, Veldhuijzen I, Smorenburg N, Schmitz D, Zwagemaker F, van Gageldonk-Lafeber AB, Hahné SJM, Reusken C, Knol MJ, Eggink D. Elevated risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants compared with Alpha variant in vaccinated individuals. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabn4338. [PMID: 35862508 PMCID: PMC9580257 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The extent to which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) break through infection- or vaccine-induced immunity is not well understood. We analyzed 28,578 sequenced SARS-CoV-2 samples from individuals with known immune status obtained through national community testing in the Netherlands from March to August 2021. We found evidence of an increased risk of infection by the Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), or Delta (B.1.617.2) variants compared with the Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant after vaccination. No clear differences were found between vaccines. However, the effect was larger in the first 14 to 59 days after complete vaccination compared with ≥60 days. In contrast to vaccine-induced immunity, there was no increased risk for reinfection with Beta, Gamma, or Delta variants relative to the Alpha variant in individuals with infection-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn P. Andeweg
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Harry Vennema
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Irene Veldhuijzen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Naomi Smorenburg
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Dennis Schmitz
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Florian Zwagemaker
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Arianne B. van Gageldonk-Lafeber
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Susan J. M. Hahné
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam J. Knol
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - SeqNeth Molecular surveillance group†
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
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Rümke LW, Smit WL, Bossink A, Limonard GJM, Muilwijk D, Haas LEM, Reusken C, van der Wal S, Thio BJ, van Os YMG, Gremmels H, Beekman JM, Nijhuis M, Wensing AMJ, Heron M, Thijsen SFT. Impaired SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response in patients with severe COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1046639. [PMID: 37168853 PMCID: PMC10165493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1046639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular immune responses are of pivotal importance to understand SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) interferon-γ release assay with wild-type spike, membrane and nucleocapsid peptide pools, we longitudinally characterized functional SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses in a cohort of patients with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19. All patients were included before emergence of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. Our most important finding was an impaired development of early IFN-γ-secreting virus-specific T-cells in severe patients compared to patients with moderate disease, indicating that absence of virus-specific cellular responses in the acute phase may act as a prognostic factor for severe disease. Remarkably, in addition to reactivity against the spike protein, a substantial proportion of the SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response was directed against the conserved membrane protein. This may be relevant for diagnostics and vaccine design, especially considering new variants with heavily mutated spike proteins. Our data further strengthen the hypothesis that dysregulated adaptive immunity plays a central role in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidewij W. Rümke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wouter L. Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ailko Bossink
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gijs J. M. Limonard
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Danya Muilwijk
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lenneke E. M. Haas
- Department of Intensive Care, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO Reference Laboratory for COVID-19, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Sanne van der Wal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bing J. Thio
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M. G. van Os
- Occupational Health Office, Department of Human Resources, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Gremmels
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M. Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Monique Nijhuis
- Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M. J. Wensing
- Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michiel Heron
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Michiel Heron,
| | - Steven F. T. Thijsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Mioch D, Vanbrabant L, Reimerink J, Kuiper S, Lodder E, van den Bijllaardt W, Kluytmans J, Wissing MD, Bartels M, van Jaarsveld CH, Leemans M, van Nierop P, van Riet N, Raaijmakers L, Reisiger E, Reusken C, Rietveld A, Salewicz S. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persist up to 12 months after natural infection in healthy employees working in non-medical contact-intensive professions. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 126:155-163. [PMID: 36436751 PMCID: PMC9686051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate dynamics of antibody levels after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 for 12 months in Dutch non-vaccinated hairdressers and hospitality staff. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, blood samples were collected every 3 months for 1 year and analyzed using a qualitative total antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a quantitative immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody ELISA. Participants completed questionnaires, providing information on demographics, health, and work. Differences in antibody levels were evaluated using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Beta coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using linear regression. RESULTS Ninety-five of 497 participants (19.1%) had ≥1 seropositive measurement before their last visit using the qualitative ELISA. Only 2.1% (2/95) seroreverted during follow-up. Of 95 participants, 82 (86.3%) tested IgG seropositive in the quantitative ELISA too. IgG antibody levels significantly decreased in the first months (P <0.01) but remained detectable for up to 12 months in all participants. Older age (β, 10-years increment: 24.6, 95% CI: 5.7-43.5) and higher body mass index (β, 5kg/m² increment: 40.0, 95% CI: 2.9-77.2) were significantly associated with a higher peak of antibody levels. CONCLUSION In this cohort, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persisted for up to 1 year after initial seropositivity, suggesting long-term natural immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dymphie Mioch
- Regional Public Health Service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Breda, The Netherlands,Corresponding author: Public Health Service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Doornboslaan 225-227, 4816CZ, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard Vanbrabant
- Regional Public Health Service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Reimerink
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Kuiper
- Regional Public Health Service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lodder
- Regional Public Health Service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter van den Bijllaardt
- Microvida Laboratory for Medical Microbiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands,Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kluytmans
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Centre Research Program Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michel D. Wissing
- Regional Public Health Service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - COco-study group#AugustijnHansaBartelsMaritavan JaarsveldCornelia H.M.bLeemansManonavan NieropPetercvan RietNataschaaRaaijmakersLiekeaReisigerElsaReuskenChantaldRietveldArieneeSalewiczSandraaRegional public health service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Breda, the NetherlandsRadboud University Medical Center, Department of Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsRegional public health service (GGD) of Brabant Zuid-Oost, Eindhoven, the NetherlandsCentre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the NetherlandsRegional public health service (GGD) of Hart voor Brabant, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
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Atama NC, Chestakova IV, de Bruin E, van den Berg TJ, Munger E, Reusken C, Oude Munnink BB, van der Jeugd H, van den Brand JM, Koopmans MP, Sikkema RS. Evaluation of the use of alternative sample types for mosquito-borne flavivirus surveillance: Using Usutu virus as a model. One Health 2022; 15:100456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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de Hoog MLA, Sluiter-Post JGC, Westerhof I, Fourie E, Heuvelman VD, Boom TT, Euser SM, Badoux P, Reusken C, Bont LJ, Sanders EAM, Jaddoe VWV, Herpers BL, Eggink D, Wildenbeest JG, Duijts L, van Houten MA, Bruijning-Verhagen PCJL. Longitudinal Household Assessment of Respiratory Illness in Children and Parents During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2237522. [PMID: 36264578 PMCID: PMC9585428 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.37522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In the early COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 testing was only accessible and recommended for symptomatic persons or adults. This restriction hampered assessment of the true incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children as well as detailed characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 disease spectrum and how this spectrum compared with that of other common respiratory illnesses. OBJECTIVE To estimate the community incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and parents and to assess the symptoms and symptom severity of respiratory illness episodes involving SARS-CoV-2-positive test results relative to those with SARS-CoV-2-negative test results. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study randomly selected Dutch households with at least 1 child younger than 18 years. A total of 1209 children and adults from 307 households were prospectively followed up between August 25, 2020, and July 29, 2021, covering the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participation included SARS-CoV-2 screening at 4- to 6-week intervals during the first 23 weeks of participation (core study period; August 25, 2020, to July 29, 2021). Participants in all households finishing the core study before July 1, 2021, were invited to participate in the extended follow-up and to actively report respiratory symptoms using an interactive app until July 1, 2021. At new onset of respiratory symptoms or a SARS-CoV-2 positive test result, a household outbreak study was initiated, which included daily symptom recording, repeated polymerase chain reaction testing (nose-throat swabs and saliva and fecal samples), and SARS-CoV-2 antibody measurement (paired dried blood spots) in all household members. Outbreaks, households, and episodes of respiratory illness were described as positive or negative depending on SARS-CoV-2 test results. Data on participant race and ethnicity were not reported because they were not uniformly collected in the original cohorts and were therefore not representative or informative. EXPOSURES SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative respiratory illness episodes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Age-stratified incidence rates, symptoms, and symptom severity for SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative respiratory illness episodes. RESULTS Among 307 households including 1209 participants (638 female [52.8%]; 403 [33.3%] aged <12 years, 179 [14.8%] aged 12-17 years, and 627 [51.9%] aged ≥18 years), 183 household outbreaks of respiratory illness were observed during the core study and extended follow-up period, of which 63 (34.4%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive (59 outbreaks [32.2%] during the core study and 4 outbreaks [2.2%] during follow-up). SARS-CoV-2 incidence was similar across all ages (0.24/person-year [PY]; 95% CI, 0.21-0.28/PY). Overall, 33 of 134 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 episodes (24.6%) were asymptomatic. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2-negative respiratory illness episodes was highest in children younger than 12 years (0.94/PY; 95% CI, 0.89-0.97/PY). When comparing SARS-CoV-2-positive vs SARS-CoV-2-negative respiratory illness episodes in children younger than 12 years, no differences were observed in number of symptoms (median [IQR], 2 [2-4] for both groups), symptom severity (median [IQR] maximum symptom severity score, 6 [4-9] vs 7 [6-13]), or symptom duration (median [IQR], 6 [5-12] days vs 8 [4-13] days). However, among adults, SARS-CoV-2-positive episodes had a significantly higher number (median [IQR], 6 [4-8] vs 3 [2-4]), severity (median [IQR] maximum symptom severity score, 15 [9-19] vs 7 [6-11]), and duration (median [IQR] 13 [8-29] days vs 5 [3-11] days; P < .001 for all comparisons) of symptoms vs SARS-CoV-2-negative episodes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, during the first pandemic year when mostly partial or full in-person learning occurred, the SARS-CoV-2 incidence rate in children was substantially higher than estimated from routine testing or seroprevalence data and was similar to that of adult household members. Unlike in unvaccinated adults, SARS-CoV-2 symptoms and symptom severity in children were similar to other common respiratory illnesses. These findings may prove useful when developing pediatric COVID-19 vaccine recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke L. A. de Hoog
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ilse Westerhof
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elandri Fourie
- Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Valerie D. Heuvelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Trisja T. Boom
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd M. Euser
- Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Badoux
- Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, World Health Organization COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Louis J. Bont
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A. M. Sanders
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, World Health Organization COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bjorn L. Herpers
- Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, World Health Organization COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne G. Wildenbeest
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies A. van Houten
- Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem and Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
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10
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van der Straten K, Guerra D, van Gils MJ, Bontjer I, Caniels TG, van Willigen HDG, Wynberg E, Poniman M, Burger JA, Bouhuijs JH, van Rijswijk J, Olijhoek W, Liesdek MH, Lavell AHA, Appelman B, Sikkens JJ, Bomers MK, Han AX, Nichols BE, Prins M, Vennema H, Reusken C, de Jong MD, de Bree GJ, Russell CA, Eggink D, Sanders RW. Antigenic cartography using sera from sequence-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern infections reveals antigenic divergence of Omicron. Immunity 2022; 55:1725-1731.e4. [PMID: 35973428 PMCID: PMC9353602 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale vaccination campaigns have prevented countless hospitalizations and deaths due to COVID-19. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that escape from immunity challenges the effectiveness of current vaccines. Given this continuing evolution, an important question is when and how to update SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to antigenically match circulating variants, similarly to seasonal influenza viruses where antigenic drift necessitates periodic vaccine updates. Here, we studied SARS-CoV-2 antigenic drift by assessing neutralizing activity against variants of concern (VOCs) in a set of sera from patients infected with viral sequence-confirmed VOCs. Infections with D614G or Alpha strains induced the broadest immunity, whereas individuals infected with other VOCs had more strain-specific responses. Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 were substantially resistant to neutralization by sera elicited by all other variants. Antigenic cartography revealed that Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 were antigenically most distinct from D614G, associated with immune escape, and possibly will require vaccine updates to ensure vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn van der Straten
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Denise Guerra
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja Bontjer
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom G Caniels
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo D G van Willigen
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elke Wynberg
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, GGD, 1018 WT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meliawati Poniman
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judith A Burger
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joey H Bouhuijs
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline van Rijswijk
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter Olijhoek
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marinus H Liesdek
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A H Ayesha Lavell
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location VU University Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brent Appelman
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonne J Sikkens
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location VU University Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marije K Bomers
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location VU University Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alvin X Han
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brooke E Nichols
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Prins
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, GGD, 1018 WT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Vennema
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Menno D de Jong
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Godelieve J de Bree
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Colin A Russell
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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11
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Smit W, Thijsen S, van der Kieft R, van Tol S, Reimerink J, Reusken C, Rumke L, Bossink A, Limonard G, Heron M. Differential vaccine-induced kinetics of humoral and cellular immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 naive and convalescent health care workers. Pathog Dis 2022; 80:6696009. [PMID: 36089571 PMCID: PMC9494413 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective vaccination is a key element in the exit strategy from the current severe acute respiratory syndrome- CoV coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, and may also offer protection against severe disease from future variants of concern. Here we prospectively monitored T- cell responses over time, using ELISpot interferon-γ (INF-y) release assays, and B- cell responses, using serological tests, after vaccination and booster with BioNTech/Pfizer mRNA (Pfizer) and Janssen vector (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson) vaccines in hospital health care workers. Vaccine recipients were divided into seropositive and seronegative individuals at baseline, in order to determine the effect of natural immunity on vaccine-induced immune kinetics. We found that convalescent individuals mounted higher spike-specific INF-y-secreting T cell responses and B- cell-mediated IgG responses, after receiving the Janssen vaccine or the first dose of the Pfizer vaccine. IgG levels corresponded to the virus neutralisation capacity as measured by VNT assay. At 8 months post vaccination, spike-specific cellular immunity waned to low levels in individuals with or without prior natural immunity, whereas waning of humoral immunity occurred predominantly in naive individuals. The booster shot effectively re-induced both cellular and humoral immune responses. To conclude, our data supports the implemented single-dose mRNA booster strategy employed in the Netherlands. Furthermore, the level of pre-existing natural immunity may be factored into determining the optimal time window between future booster vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Diakonessenhuis , Utrecht , The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Steven Thijsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Diakonessenhuis , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Robert van der Kieft
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Diakonessenhuis , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Sophie van Tol
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - Johan Reimerink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - Lidewij Rumke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Ailko Bossink
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Diakonessenhuis , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Limonard
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Diakonessenhuis , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Heron
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Diakonessenhuis , Utrecht , The Netherlands
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12
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Han AX, Kozanli E, Koopsen J, Vennema H, Hajji K, Kroneman A, van Walle I, Klinkenberg D, Wallinga J, Russell CA, Eggink D, Reusken C. Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands. eLife 2022; 11:78770. [PMID: 36097810 PMCID: PMC9470152 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 have caused resurging waves of infections worldwide. In the Netherlands, the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta VOCs circulated widely between September 2020 and August 2021. We sought to elucidate how various control measures, including targeted flight restrictions, had impacted the introduction and spread of these VOCs in the Netherlands. Methods: We performed phylogenetic analyses on 39,844 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected under the Dutch national surveillance program. Results: We found that all four VOCs were introduced before targeted flight restrictions were imposed on countries where the VOCs first emerged. Importantly, foreign introductions, predominantly from other European countries, continued during these restrictions. After their respective introductions into the Netherlands, the Alpha and Delta VOCs largely circulated within more populous regions of the country with international connections before asymmetric bidirectional transmissions occurred with the rest of the country and the VOC became the dominant circulating lineage. Conclusions: Our findings show that flight restrictions had limited effectiveness in deterring VOC introductions due to the strength of regional land travel importation risks. As countries consider scaling down SARS-CoV-2 surveillance efforts in the post-crisis phase of the pandemic, our results highlight that robust surveillance in regions of early spread is important for providing timely information for variant detection and outbreak control. Funding: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin X Han
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers
| | - Eva Kozanli
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers
| | - Jelle Koopsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers
| | - Harry Vennema
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
| | - Karim Hajji
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
| | - Annelies Kroneman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
| | - Ivo van Walle
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
| | - Don Klinkenberg
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
| | - Jacco Wallinga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
| | - Colin A Russell
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
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13
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Smit WL, van Tol S, van der Wal S, van Vulpen F, la Grouw S, van Lelyveld L, Limonard G, Bossink A, Godeke GJ, Shrestha S, Reimerink J, Eggink D, Reusken C, Heron M, Thijsen S. Heterologous Immune Responses of Serum IgG and Secretory IgA Against the Spike Protein of Endemic Coronaviruses During Severe COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:839367. [PMID: 35355988 PMCID: PMC8959642 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining immune correlates of disease severity is important to better understand the immunopathogenesis in COVID-19. Here we made use of a protein microarray platform to detect IgG- and IgA-reactive antibodies in sera and saliva respectively, and assess cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses (eCoVs). IgG responses against the full protein of spike, but not the S1 subunit, were significantly higher in convalescent sera of patients with severe disease compared to mild disease and healthy controls. In addition, we detected reactivity of secretory IgA to eCoVs in saliva of patients with severe disease, not present in patients with moderate disease or seropositive healthy controls. These heterologous immune responses are in line with non-protective cross-reactivity, and support a potential role for immune imprinting in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter L Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sophie van Tol
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Sanne van der Wal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Femke van Vulpen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Shannon la Grouw
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Gijs Limonard
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ailko Bossink
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Godeke
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Sandhya Shrestha
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Johan Reimerink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Michiel Heron
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Steven Thijsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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14
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Reukers DFM, van Boven M, Meijer A, Rots N, Reusken C, Roof I, van Gageldonk-Lafeber AB, van der Hoek W, van den Hof S. High Infection Secondary Attack Rates of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Dutch Households Revealed by Dense Sampling. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 74:52-58. [PMID: 33822007 PMCID: PMC8083540 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor environments are considered one of the main settings for transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Households in particular represent a close-contact environment with high probability of transmission between persons of different ages and roles in society. METHODS Households with a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive case in the Netherlands (March-May 2020) were included. At least 3 home visits were performed during 4-6 weeks of follow-up, collecting naso- and oropharyngeal swabs, oral fluid, feces and blood samples from all household members for molecular and serological analyses. Symptoms were recorded from 2 weeks before the first visit through to the final visit. Infection secondary attack rates (SAR) were estimated with logistic regression. A transmission model was used to assess household transmission routes. RESULTS A total of 55 households with 187 household contacts were included. In 17 households no transmission took place; in 11 households all persons were infected. Estimated infection SARs were high, ranging from 35% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24%-46%) in children to 51% (95% CI, 39%-63%) in adults. Estimated transmission rates in the household were high, with reduced susceptibility of children compared with adolescents and adults (0.67; 95% CI, .40-1.1). CONCLUSION Estimated infection SARs were higher than reported in earlier household studies, presumably owing to our dense sampling protocol. Children were shown to be less susceptible than adults, but the estimated infection SAR in children was still high. Our results reinforce the role of households as one of the main multipliers of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne F M Reukers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Boven
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Meijer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Rots
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Roof
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wim van der Hoek
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Susan van den Hof
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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15
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Harvala H, Gopal R, Patel M, Zambon M, Roberts D, Lamikanra A, Ploeg R, Hoogerwerf M, Zaaijer H, Hogema B, Reusken C, van der Schoot E, Reimerink J. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody testing of convalescent plasma donations in the Netherlands and England: A pilot study. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e439. [PMID: 34888419 PMCID: PMC8637097 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heli Harvala
- National Microbiology ServicesNHS Blood and TransplantLondonUK
| | - Robin Gopal
- Virology Reference DepartmentNational Infection Service, Public Health EnglandLondonUK
| | - Monika Patel
- Virology Reference DepartmentNational Infection Service, Public Health EnglandLondonUK
| | - Maria Zambon
- Virology Reference DepartmentNational Infection Service, Public Health EnglandLondonUK
| | - David Roberts
- NHS Blood and TransplantJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and BRC Haematology ThemeUniversity of Oxford, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Abigail Lamikanra
- NHS Blood and TransplantJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and BRC Haematology ThemeUniversity of Oxford, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Rutger Ploeg
- Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Organ Transplant CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Marieke Hoogerwerf
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO COVID‐19 Reference LaboratoryNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Hans Zaaijer
- Deparment of ImmunopathologySanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical CentreAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Boris Hogema
- Deparment of ImmunopathologySanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical CentreAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO COVID‐19 Reference LaboratoryNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Ellen van der Schoot
- Deparment of ImmunopathologySanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical CentreAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Johan Reimerink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO COVID‐19 Reference LaboratoryNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
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16
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Koopsen J, Dekker M, Thung P, Jonges M, Vennema H, Leenstra T, Eggink D, Welkers MRA, Struijs PAA, Reusken C, van Mansfeld R, de Jong MD, Schinkel J, Spijkerman IJB. Rapid reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 variant-of-concern Alpha detected in a nurse during an outbreak at a non-covid inpatient ward: lessons learned. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:137. [PMID: 34565476 PMCID: PMC8474951 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-01008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the lessons learned during a SARS-CoV-2 variant-of-concern Alpha outbreak investigation at a normal care unit in a university hospital in Amsterdam in December 2020. The outbreak consisted of nine nurses and two roomed-in patient family members. (attack rate 18%). One nurse tested positive with a phylogenetically distinct variant, after a documented infection 83 days prior. Three key points were taken from this investigation. First, it was controlled by adherence to existing guidelines, despite increased transmissibility of the variant. Second, viral sequencing can inform transmission cluster inference, but the epidemiological context is essential to draw appropriate conclusions. Third, reinfections with Alpha variants can occur rapidly after primary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Koopsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille Dekker
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Philip Thung
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Jonges
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Vennema
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tjalling Leenstra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs R A Welkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A A Struijs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rosa van Mansfeld
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno D de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janke Schinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid J B Spijkerman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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O'Toole Á, Hill V, Pybus OG, Watts A, Bogoch II, Khan K, Messina JP, Tegally H, Lessells RR, Giandhari J, Pillay S, Tumedi KA, Nyepetsi G, Kebabonye M, Matsheka M, Mine M, Tokajian S, Hassan H, Salloum T, Merhi G, Koweyes J, Geoghegan JL, de Ligt J, Ren X, Storey M, Freed NE, Pattabiraman C, Prasad P, Desai AS, Vasanthapuram R, Schulz TF, Steinbrück L, Stadler T, Parisi A, Bianco A, García de Viedma D, Buenestado-Serrano S, Borges V, Isidro J, Duarte S, Gomes JP, Zuckerman NS, Mandelboim M, Mor O, Seemann T, Arnott A, Draper J, Gall M, Rawlinson W, Deveson I, Schlebusch S, McMahon J, Leong L, Lim CK, Chironna M, Loconsole D, Bal A, Josset L, Holmes E, St. George K, Lasek-Nesselquist E, Sikkema RS, Oude Munnink B, Koopmans M, Brytting M, Sudha rani V, Pavani S, Smura T, Heim A, Kurkela S, Umair M, Salman M, Bartolini B, Rueca M, Drosten C, Wolff T, Silander O, Eggink D, Reusken C, Vennema H, Park A, Carrington C, Sahadeo N, Carr M, Gonzalez G, de Oliveira T, Faria N, Rambaut A, Kraemer MUG. Tracking the international spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351/501Y-V2 with grinch. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:121. [PMID: 34095513 PMCID: PMC8176267 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16661.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Late in 2020, two genetically-distinct clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with mutations of biological concern were reported, one in the United Kingdom and one in South Africa. Using a combination of data from routine surveillance, genomic sequencing and international travel we track the international dispersal of lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 (variant 501Y-V2). We account for potential biases in genomic surveillance efforts by including passenger volumes from location of where the lineage was first reported, London and South Africa respectively. Using the software tool grinch (global report investigating novel coronavirus haplotypes), we track the international spread of lineages of concern with automated daily reports, Further, we have built a custom tracking website (cov-lineages.org/global_report.html) which hosts this daily report and will continue to include novel SARS-CoV-2 lineages of concern as they are detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áine O'Toole
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Verity Hill
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Alexander Watts
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
| | - Issac I. Bogoch
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kamran Khan
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa (NGS-SA)
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Brazil-UK CADDE Genomic Network
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Houriiyah Tegally
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Richard R. Lessells
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Giandhari
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sureshnee Pillay
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Madisa Mine
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Sima Tokajian
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hamad Hassan
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Salloum
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georgi Merhi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jad Koweyes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jemma L. Geoghegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Joep de Ligt
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Xiaoyun Ren
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Storey
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nikki E. Freed
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chitra Pattabiraman
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pramada Prasad
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anita S. Desai
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravi Vasanthapuram
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Thomas F. Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Steinbrück
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Stadler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Swiss Viollier Sequencing Consortium
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
| | - Angelica Bianco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
| | - Darío García de Viedma
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Buenestado-Serrano
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vítor Borges
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Isidro
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Duarte
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Neta S. Zuckerman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orna Mor
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alicia Arnott
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jenny Draper
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mailie Gall
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - William Rawlinson
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ira Deveson
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sanmarié Schlebusch
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jamie McMahon
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lex Leong
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Maria Chironna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Loconsole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonin Bal
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Josset
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Kirsten St. George
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | - Reina S. Sikkema
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Oude Munnink
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Koopmans
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mia Brytting
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
| | - V. Sudha rani
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S. Pavani
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Teemu Smura
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Albert Heim
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Satu Kurkela
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Massab Umair
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Barbara Bartolini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Rueca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olin Silander
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dirk Eggink
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Vennema
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aekyung Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | | | - Nikita Sahadeo
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Michael Carr
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gabo Gonzalez
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - SEARCH Alliance San Diego
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - National Virus Reference Laboratory
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - SeqCOVID-Spain
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Danish Covid-19 Genome Consortium (DCGC)
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Communicable Diseases Genomic Network (CDGN)
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dutch National SARS-CoV-2 surveillance program
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases (KDCA)
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tulio de Oliveira
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nuno Faria
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Rambaut
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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18
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Caniels TG, Bontjer I, van der Straten K, Poniman M, Burger JA, Appelman B, Lavell HAA, Oomen M, Godeke GJ, Valle C, Mögling R, van Willigen HDG, Wynberg E, Schinkel M, van Vught LA, Guerra D, Snitselaar JL, Chaturbhuj DN, Cuella Martin I, Moore JP, de Jong MD, Reusken C, Sikkens JJ, Bomers MK, de Bree GJ, van Gils MJ, Eggink D, Sanders RW. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern evade humoral immune responses from infection and vaccination. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj5365. [PMID: 34516917 PMCID: PMC8442901 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj5365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) pose a threat to human immunity induced by natural infection and vaccination. We assessed the recognition of three VOCs (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1) in cohorts of COVID-19 convalescent patients (n = 69) and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine recipients (n = 50). Spike binding and neutralization against all three VOCs were substantially reduced in most individuals, with the largest four- to sevenfold reduction in neutralization being observed against B.1.351. While hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and vaccinees maintained sufficient neutralizing titers against all three VOCs, 39% of nonhospitalized patients exhibited no detectable neutralization against B.1.351. Moreover, monoclonal neutralizing antibodies show sharp reductions in their binding kinetics and neutralizing potential to B.1.351 and P.1 but not to B.1.1.7. These data have implications for the degree to which pre-existing immunity can protect against subsequent infection with VOCs and informs policy makers of susceptibility to globally circulating SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom G. Caniels
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ilja Bontjer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karlijn van der Straten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meliawati Poniman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith A. Burger
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brent Appelman
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H. A. Ayesha Lavell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melissa Oomen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Godeke
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Coralie Valle
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Ramona Mögling
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Hugo D. G. van Willigen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elke Wynberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel Schinkel
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lonneke A. van Vught
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Denise Guerra
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jonne L. Snitselaar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Devidas N. Chaturbhuj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabel Cuella Martin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amsterdam UMC COVID-19 S3/HCW study group
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Menno D. de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jonne J. Sikkens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marije K. Bomers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Godelieve J. de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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19
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van den Beld MJC, Murk JL, Kluytmans J, Koopmans MPG, Reimerink J, van Loo IHM, Wegdam-Blans MCA, Zaaijer H, GeurtsvanKessel C, Reusken C. Increasing the Efficiency of a National Laboratory Response to COVID-19: a Nationwide Multicenter Evaluation of 47 Commercial SARS-CoV-2 Immunoassays by 41 Laboratories. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0076721. [PMID: 34191578 PMCID: PMC8373020 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00767-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the worldwide pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the subsequent antibody tests that flooded the market, a nationwide collaborative approach in the Netherlands was employed. Forty-one Dutch laboratories joined forces and shared their evaluation data to allow for the evaluation of a quantity of serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 that exceeds the capacity of each individual laboratory. As of April 2020, these performance data had been aggregated and shared in regularly updated reports with other laboratories, Dutch government, public health organizations, and the public. This frequently updated overview of assay performance increased the efficiency of our national laboratory response, supporting laboratories in their choice and implementation of assays. Aggregated performance data for 47 immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2 showed that none of the evaluated immunoassays that detect only IgM or IgA met the diagnostic criteria, indicating that they are not suitable for diagnosing acute infections. For the detection of IgG, only the Biozek Corona virus COVID rapid test, Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 IgG, and Wantai SARS-CoV-2 antibody (Ab) ELISA met predefined performance criteria in hospitalized patients where samples were collected 14 days post-onset of symptoms (DPO), while for patients with mild or asymptomatic infections, only the Wantai SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA met the predefined performance criteria if samples were collected 14 days postonset. Here, we describe this unique nationwide collaboration during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic; the collected data and their results are an example of what can be accomplished when forces are joined during a public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike J. C. van den Beld
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Luc Murk
- Microvida, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Kluytmans
- Amphia Ziekenhuis Breda, Microvida Laboratory for Microbiology, Breda, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Johan Reimerink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Inge H. M. van Loo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht UMC+ and Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn C. A. Wegdam-Blans
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory for Pathology and Medical Microbiology (PAMM), Veldhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Zaaijer
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Serology Workgroup for SARS-CoV-2
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Microvida, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
- Amphia Ziekenhuis Breda, Microvida Laboratory for Microbiology, Breda, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht UMC+ and Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory for Pathology and Medical Microbiology (PAMM), Veldhoven, the Netherlands
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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20
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Schneider J, Hoffmann B, Fevola C, Schmidt ML, Imholt C, Fischer S, Ecke F, Hörnfeldt B, Magnusson M, Olsson GE, Rizzoli A, Tagliapietra V, Chiari M, Reusken C, Bužan E, Kazimirova M, Stanko M, White TA, Reil D, Obiegala A, Meredith A, Drexler JF, Essbauer S, Henttonen H, Jacob J, Hauffe HC, Beer M, Heckel G, Ulrich RG. Geographical Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Bank Vole Hepaciviruses in Europe. Viruses 2021; 13:1258. [PMID: 34203238 PMCID: PMC8310187 DOI: 10.3390/v13071258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new diagnostic methods resulted in the discovery of novel hepaciviruses in wild populations of the bank vole (Myodes glareolus, syn. Clethrionomys glareolus). The naturally infected voles demonstrate signs of hepatitis similar to those induced by hepatitis C virus (HCV) in humans. The aim of the present research was to investigate the geographical distribution of bank vole-associated hepaciviruses (BvHVs) and their genetic diversity in Europe. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) screening revealed BvHV RNA in 442 out of 1838 (24.0%) bank voles from nine European countries and in one of seven northern red-backed voles (Myodes rutilus, syn. Clethrionomys rutilus). BvHV RNA was not found in any other small mammal species (n = 23) tested here. Phylogenetic and isolation-by-distance analyses confirmed the occurrence of both BvHV species (Hepacivirus F and Hepacivirus J) and their sympatric occurrence at several trapping sites in two countries. The broad geographical distribution of BvHVs across Europe was associated with their presence in bank voles of different evolutionary lineages. The extensive geographical distribution and high levels of genetic diversity of BvHVs, as well as the high population fluctuations of bank voles and occasional commensalism in some parts of Europe warrant future studies on the zoonotic potential of BvHVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schneider
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.L.S.); (S.F.)
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (B.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Cristina Fevola
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.F.); (A.R.); (V.T.); (H.C.H.)
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie Luisa Schmidt
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.L.S.); (S.F.)
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christian Imholt
- Vertebrate Research, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Toppheideweg 88, 48161 Münster, Germany; (C.I.); (D.R.); (J.J.)
| | - Stefan Fischer
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden; (F.E.); (B.H.); (M.M.); (G.E.O.)
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden; (F.E.); (B.H.); (M.M.); (G.E.O.)
| | - Magnus Magnusson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden; (F.E.); (B.H.); (M.M.); (G.E.O.)
| | - Gert E. Olsson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden; (F.E.); (B.H.); (M.M.); (G.E.O.)
- Unit for Nature Conservation, County Administrative Board of Halland County, 30004 Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Annapaola Rizzoli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.F.); (A.R.); (V.T.); (H.C.H.)
| | - Valentina Tagliapietra
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.F.); (A.R.); (V.T.); (H.C.H.)
| | - Mario Chiari
- Direzione Generale Welfare, U.O. Veterinaria, Piazza Città di Lombardia 1, 20124 Milan, Italy;
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Elena Bužan
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia;
- Environmental Protection College, 3320 Velenje, Slovenia
| | - Maria Kazimirova
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), 81438 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Michal Stanko
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Thomas A. White
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA2 0QZ, UK;
| | - Daniela Reil
- Vertebrate Research, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Toppheideweg 88, 48161 Münster, Germany; (C.I.); (D.R.); (J.J.)
| | - Anna Obiegala
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Anna Meredith
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK;
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Essbauer
- Department Virology and Rickettsiology, Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany;
| | - Heikki Henttonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), 00791 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Jens Jacob
- Vertebrate Research, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Toppheideweg 88, 48161 Münster, Germany; (C.I.); (D.R.); (J.J.)
| | - Heidi C. Hauffe
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.F.); (A.R.); (V.T.); (H.C.H.)
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (B.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Gerald Heckel
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Rainer G. Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.L.S.); (S.F.)
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21
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Caniels TG, Bontjer I, van der Straten K, Poniman M, Burger JA, Appelman B, Lavell AHA, Oomen M, Godeke GJ, Valle C, Mögling R, van Willigen HDG, Wynberg E, Schinkel M, van Vught LA, Guerra D, Snitselaar JL, Chaturbhuj DN, Martin IC, Moore JP, de Jong MD, Reusken C, Sikkens JJ, Bomers MK, de Bree GJ, van Gils MJ, Eggink D, Sanders RW. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern evade humoral immune responses from infection and vaccination. medRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34100023 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.26.21257441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants pose a threat to human immunity induced by natural infection and vaccination. We assessed the recognition of three variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and P.1) in cohorts of COVID-19 patients ranging in disease severity (n = 69) and recipients of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine (n = 50). Spike binding and neutralization against all three VOC was substantially reduced in the majority of samples, with the largest 4-7-fold reduction in neutralization being observed against B.1.351. While hospitalized COVID-19 patients and vaccinees maintained sufficient neutralizing titers against all three VOC, 39% of non-hospitalized patients did not neutralize B.1.351. Moreover, monoclonal neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) show sharp reductions in their binding kinetics and neutralizing potential to B.1.351 and P.1, but not to B.1.1.7. These data have implications for the degree to which pre-existing immunity can protect against subsequent infection with VOC and informs policy makers of susceptibility to globally circulating SARS-CoV-2 VOC.
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22
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O'Toole Á, Hill V, Pybus OG, Watts A, Bogoch II, Khan K, Messina JP, Tegally H, Lessells RR, Giandhari J, Pillay S, Tumedi KA, Nyepetsi G, Kebabonye M, Matsheka M, Mine M, Tokajian S, Hassan H, Salloum T, Merhi G, Koweyes J, Geoghegan JL, de Ligt J, Ren X, Storey M, Freed NE, Pattabiraman C, Prasad P, Desai AS, Vasanthapuram R, Schulz TF, Steinbrück L, Stadler T, Parisi A, Bianco A, García de Viedma D, Buenestado-Serrano S, Borges V, Isidro J, Duarte S, Gomes JP, Zuckerman NS, Mandelboim M, Mor O, Seemann T, Arnott A, Draper J, Gall M, Rawlinson W, Deveson I, Schlebusch S, McMahon J, Leong L, Lim CK, Chironna M, Loconsole D, Bal A, Josset L, Holmes E, St. George K, Lasek-Nesselquist E, Sikkema RS, Oude Munnink B, Koopmans M, Brytting M, Sudha rani V, Pavani S, Smura T, Heim A, Kurkela S, Umair M, Salman M, Bartolini B, Rueca M, Drosten C, Wolff T, Silander O, Eggink D, Reusken C, Vennema H, Park A, Carrington C, Sahadeo N, Carr M, Gonzalez G, de Oliveira T, Faria N, Rambaut A, Kraemer MUG. Tracking the international spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351/501Y-V2. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:121. [PMID: 34095513 PMCID: PMC8176267 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16661.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Late in 2020, two genetically-distinct clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with mutations of biological concern were reported, one in the United Kingdom and one in South Africa. Using a combination of data from routine surveillance, genomic sequencing and international travel we track the international dispersal of lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 (variant 501Y-V2). We account for potential biases in genomic surveillance efforts by including passenger volumes from location of where the lineage was first reported, London and South Africa respectively. Using the software tool grinch (global report investigating novel coronavirus haplotypes), we track the international spread of lineages of concern with automated daily reports, Further, we have built a custom tracking website (cov-lineages.org/global_report.html) which hosts this daily report and will continue to include novel SARS-CoV-2 lineages of concern as they are detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áine O'Toole
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Verity Hill
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Alexander Watts
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
| | - Issac I. Bogoch
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kamran Khan
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa (NGS-SA)
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Brazil-UK CADDE Genomic Network
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Houriiyah Tegally
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Richard R. Lessells
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Giandhari
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sureshnee Pillay
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Madisa Mine
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Sima Tokajian
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hamad Hassan
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Salloum
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georgi Merhi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jad Koweyes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jemma L. Geoghegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Joep de Ligt
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Xiaoyun Ren
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Storey
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nikki E. Freed
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chitra Pattabiraman
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pramada Prasad
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anita S. Desai
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravi Vasanthapuram
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Thomas F. Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Steinbrück
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Stadler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Swiss Viollier Sequencing Consortium
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
| | - Angelica Bianco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
| | - Darío García de Viedma
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Buenestado-Serrano
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vítor Borges
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Isidro
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Duarte
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Neta S. Zuckerman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orna Mor
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alicia Arnott
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jenny Draper
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mailie Gall
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - William Rawlinson
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ira Deveson
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sanmarié Schlebusch
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jamie McMahon
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lex Leong
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Maria Chironna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Loconsole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonin Bal
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Josset
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Kirsten St. George
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | - Reina S. Sikkema
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Oude Munnink
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Koopmans
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mia Brytting
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
| | - V. Sudha rani
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S. Pavani
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Teemu Smura
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Albert Heim
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Satu Kurkela
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Massab Umair
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Barbara Bartolini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Rueca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olin Silander
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dirk Eggink
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Vennema
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aekyung Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | | | - Nikita Sahadeo
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Michael Carr
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gabo Gonzalez
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - SEARCH Alliance San Diego
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - National Virus Reference Laboratory
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - SeqCOVID-Spain
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Danish Covid-19 Genome Consortium (DCGC)
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Communicable Diseases Genomic Network (CDGN)
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dutch National SARS-CoV-2 surveillance program
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases (KDCA)
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
- National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Istituto Zooprofilattico sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Puglia, Italy
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- Queensland Reference Centre for Microbial and Public Health Genomics, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Queensland Health South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- ErasmusMC, Department of Viroscience, WHO collaborating centre for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Solna, Sweden
- Upgraded Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Institute for Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch-Institut, , Head, Unit 17, Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, Seestr. 10, Berlin, Germany
- WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Control-National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tulio de Oliveira
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nuno Faria
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Rambaut
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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23
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Steenhuis M, van Mierlo G, Derksen NIL, Ooijevaar‐de Heer P, Kruithof S, Loeff FL, Berkhout LC, Linty F, Reusken C, Reimerink J, Hogema B, Zaaijer H, van de Watering L, Swaneveld F, van Gils MJ, Bosch BJ, van Ham SM, ten Brinke A, Vidarsson G, van der Schoot EC, Rispens T. Dynamics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent plasma donors. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1285. [PMID: 34026115 PMCID: PMC8126762 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Characterisation of the human antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is vital for serosurveillance purposes and for treatment options such as transfusion with convalescent plasma or immunoglobulin products derived from convalescent plasma. In this study, we longitudinally and quantitatively analysed antibody responses in RT-PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 convalescent adults during the first 250 days after onset of symptoms. METHODS We measured antibody responses to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the nucleocapsid protein in 844 longitudinal samples from 151 RT-PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 convalescent adults. With a median of 5 (range 2-18) samples per individual, this allowed quantitative analysis of individual longitudinal antibody profiles. Kinetic profiles were analysed by mixed-effects modelling. RESULTS All donors were seropositive at the first sampling moment, and only one donor seroreverted during follow-up analysis. Anti-RBD IgG and anti-nucleocapsid IgG levels declined with median half-lives of 62 and 59 days, respectively, 2-5 months after symptom onset, and several-fold variation in half-lives of individuals was observed. The rate of decline of antibody levels diminished during extended follow-up, which points towards long-term immunological memory. The magnitude of the anti-RBD IgG response correlated well with neutralisation capacity measured in a classic plaque reduction assay and in an in-house developed competitive assay. CONCLUSION The result of this study gives valuable insight into the long-term longitudinal response of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentreUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gerard van Mierlo
- Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentreUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ninotska IL Derksen
- Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentreUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Pleuni Ooijevaar‐de Heer
- Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentreUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Simone Kruithof
- Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentreUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Floris L Loeff
- Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentreUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lea C Berkhout
- Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentreUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Federica Linty
- Department of Experimental ImmunohematologySanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPublic Health Service region UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Johan Reimerink
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPublic Health Service region UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Boris Hogema
- Department of VirologySanquin Diagnostic ServicesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hans Zaaijer
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation and Amsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Francis Swaneveld
- Department of Transfusion MedicineSanquin Blood BankAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Berend Jan Bosch
- Virology DivisionDepartment of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentreUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anja ten Brinke
- Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentreUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental ImmunohematologySanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ellen C van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental ImmunohematologySanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CentreUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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24
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Johnson BW, Demanou M, Fall G, Betoulle JL, Obiekea C, Basile AJ, Domingo C, Goodman C, Mossel E, Reusken C, Staples E, de Morais JFM, Neto Z, Paixão P, Denon YE, Glitho M, Mahinou J, Kagone T, Nakoune E, Gamougam K, Simbu EP, Ahuka S, Mombouli JV, Goma-Nkoua C, Adjogoua EV, Tayachew A, Beyene B, Sanneh B, Jarju ML, Mendy A, Amelor DK, Ofosu-Appiah L, Opare D, Antwi L, Adade R, Magassouba N, Gomes SF, Limbaso S, Lutomiah J, Gbelee B, Dogba J, Cisse I, Idde Z, Ihekweazu C, Mba N, Faye O, Faye O, Sall AA, Koroma Z, Juma MA, Maror JA, Eldigail M, Elduma AH, Elageb R, Badziklou K, Komla KA, Kayiwa J, Lutwama JJ, Hampton L, Mulders MN. Laboratory capacity assessments in 25 African countries at high risk of yellow fever, August-December 2018. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:402. [PMID: 34381546 PMCID: PMC8325472 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.402.28886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction accurate and timely laboratory diagnosis of yellow fever (YF) is critical to the Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics (EYE) strategy. Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance recognized the need to support and build capacity in the national and regional laboratories in the Global YF Laboratory Network (GYFLN) as part of this strategy. Methods to better understand current capacity, gaps and needs of the GYFLN laboratories in Africa, assessments were carried out in national and regional reference laboratories in the 25 African countries at high risk for YF outbreaks that were eligible for new financial support from Gavi. Results the assessments found that the GYFLN in Africa has high capacity but 21% of specimens were not tested due to lack of testing kits or reagents and approximately 50% of presumptive YF cases were not confirmed at the regional reference laboratory due to problems with shipping. Conclusion the laboratory assessments helped to document the baseline capacities of these laboratories prior to Gavi funding to support strengthening YF laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurice Demanou
- World Health Organization African Region Yellow Fever Laboratory, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Centre Pasteur Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Celestina Obiekea
- National Reference Laboratory, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Alison Jane Basile
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Christin Goodman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Eric Mossel
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Erin Staples
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Zoraima Neto
- Instituto Nacional de Investigacao em Saude, Luanda, Angola
| | - Paula Paixão
- Instituto Nacional de Investigacao em Saude, Luanda, Angola
| | | | | | - José Mahinou
- National Public Health Laboratory, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Therese Kagone
- Scientific Laboratory Consulting, Laporte, Colorado, United States of America.,World Health Organization African Region Yellow Fever Laboratory, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Steve Ahuka
- National Institute for Biomedical Research, Kinshasha, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | | | | | - Adamu Tayachew
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Virology and Rickettsiology Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Bakary Sanneh
- National Health Laboratory Services, Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Modou Lamin Jarju
- National Health Laboratory Services, Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Alphonse Mendy
- National Health Laboratory Services, Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Dodzi Kofi Amelor
- National Public Health and Reference Laboratory, Public Health Division, Ghana Health Service, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lawrence Ofosu-Appiah
- National Public Health and Reference Laboratory, Public Health Division, Ghana Health Service, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - David Opare
- National Public Health and Reference Laboratory, Public Health Division, Ghana Health Service, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lorreta Antwi
- National Public Health and Reference Laboratory, Public Health Division, Ghana Health Service, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rexford Adade
- National Public Health and Reference Laboratory, Public Health Division, Ghana Health Service, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Samson Limbaso
- Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joel Lutomiah
- Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Burgess Gbelee
- National Public Health Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Institute of Liberia, Charlesville, Liberia
| | - John Dogba
- National Public Health Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Institute of Liberia, Charlesville, Liberia
| | - Issa Cisse
- Institut National de Santé Publique Laboratoire de Fièvre Jaune, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Chikwe Ihekweazu
- National Reference Laboratory, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nwando Mba
- National Reference Laboratory, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Zikan Koroma
- National Public Health Laboratory, Lakka, Sierra Leone
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kossi Badziklou
- Laboratoire de Sérologie, Institut National d'Hygiène, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - John Kayiwa
- Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | | | - Mick Norman Mulders
- Department of Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Abstract
We report dengue virus (DENV) infection in two Dutch tourists who visited Département Var, southern France, in July and August 2020. As some autochthonous dengue cases have occurred in Europe in recent years, awareness among physicians and public health experts about possible intermittent presence of DENV in southern Europe is important to minimise delay in diagnosis and treatment. Quick diagnosis can lead to timely action to contain the spread of vector-borne diseases and minimise transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Reimerink
- Centrum voor infectieziektenbestrijding, Rijks Instituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centrum voor infectieziektenbestrijding, Rijks Instituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Giron
- Santé publique France (French National Public Health Agency), Marseille, France
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26
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Overbosch F, de Boer M, Veldkamp KE, Ellerbroek P, Bleeker-Rovers CP, Goorhuis B, van Vugt M, van der Eijk A, Leenstra T, Khargi M, Ros J, Brandwagt D, Haverkate M, Swaan C, Reusken C, Timen A, Koopmans M, van Dissel J. Public health response to two imported, epidemiologically related cases of Lassa fever in the Netherlands (ex Sierra Leone), November 2019. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25. [PMID: 32317052 PMCID: PMC7175652 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.15.2000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
On 20 November 2019, Lassa fever was diagnosed in a physician repatriated from Sierra Leone to the Netherlands. A second physician with suspected Lassa fever, repatriated a few days later from the same healthcare facility, was confirmed infected with Lassa virus on 21 November. Comprehensive contact monitoring involving high- and low-risk contacts proved to be feasible and follow-up of the contacts did not reveal any case of secondary transmission in the Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Overbosch
- Stichting BeroepsOpleiding Huisartsen (SBOH), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark de Boer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Ellen Veldkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline Ellerbroek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal P Bleeker-Rovers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Goorhuis
- Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michele van Vugt
- Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemiek van der Eijk
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tjalling Leenstra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Khargi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Hollands Midden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanette Ros
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Kennemerland, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Diederik Brandwagt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service region Utrecht, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Manon Haverkate
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Communicable Disease Control (CIb), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Corien Swaan
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Communicable Disease Control (CIb), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Communicable Disease Control (CIb), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aura Timen
- Athena Institute, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Communicable Disease Control (CIb), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap van Dissel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Communicable Disease Control (CIb), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | -
- The members of the Lassa fever response team of the Netherlands have been listed at the end of this article
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27
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van Tol S, Mögling R, Li W, Godeke GJ, Swart A, Bergmans B, Brandenburg A, Kremer K, Murk JL, van Beek J, Wintermans B, Reimerink J, Bosch BJ, Reusken C. Accurate serology for SARS-CoV-2 and common human coronaviruses using a multiplex approach. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1965-1973. [PMID: 32819220 PMCID: PMC8284965 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1813636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Serology is a crucial part of the public health response to the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Here, we describe the development, validation and clinical evaluation of a protein micro-array as a quantitative multiplex immunoassay that can identify S and N-directed SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies with high specificity and sensitivity and distinguish them from all currently circulating human coronaviruses. The method specificity was 100% for SARS-CoV-2 S1 and 96% for N antigen based on extensive syndromic (n=230 cases) and population panel (n=94) testing that also confirmed the high prevalence of seasonal human coronaviruses. To assess its potential role for both SARS-CoV-2 patient diagnostics and population studies, we evaluated a large heterogeneous COVID-19 cohort (n=330) and found an overall sensitivity of 89% (≥ 21 days post onset symptoms (dps)), ranging from 86% to 96% depending on severity of disease. For a subset of these patients longitudinal samples were provided up to 56 dps. Mild cases showed absent or delayed, and lower SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. Overall, we present the development and extensive clinical validation of a multiplex coronavirus serological assay for syndromic testing, to answer research questions regarding to antibody responses, to support SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics and to evaluate epidemiological developments efficiently and with high-throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie van Tol
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ramona Mögling
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wentao Li
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Godeke
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Swart
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Bergmans
- Microvida, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Afke Brandenburg
- Izore Centre for Infectious Diseases Friesland, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Kristin Kremer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Luc Murk
- Microvida, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Wintermans
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Admiral De Ruyter Hospital, Goes, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Bravis Hospital, Roosendaal, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Reimerink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Berend-Jan Bosch
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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28
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Albinsson B, Jääskeläinen AE, Värv K, Jelovšek M, GeurtsvanKessel C, Vene S, Järhult JD, Reusken C, Golovljova I, Avšič-Županc T, Vapalahti O, Lundkvist Å. Multi-laboratory evaluation of ReaScan TBE IgM rapid test, 2016 to 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25. [PMID: 32234120 PMCID: PMC7118343 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.12.1900427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a potentially severe neurological disease caused by TBE virus (TBEV). In Europe and Asia, TBEV infection has become a growing public health concern and requires fast and specific detection. Aim In this observational study, we evaluated a rapid TBE IgM test, ReaScan TBE, for usage in a clinical laboratory setting. Methods Patient sera found negative or positive for TBEV by serological and/or molecular methods in diagnostic laboratories of five European countries endemic for TBEV (Estonia, Finland, Slovenia, the Netherlands and Sweden) were used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the test. The patients’ diagnoses were based on other commercial or quality assured in-house assays, i.e. each laboratory’s conventional routine methods. For specificity analysis, serum samples from patients with infections known to cause problems in serology were employed. These samples tested positive for e.g. Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, or for flaviviruses other than TBEV, i.e. dengue, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and Zika viruses. Samples from individuals vaccinated against flaviviruses other than TBEV were also included. Altogether, 172 serum samples from patients with acute TBE and 306 TBE IgM negative samples were analysed. Results Compared with each laboratory’s conventional methods, the tested assay had similar sensitivity and specificity (99.4% and 97.7%, respectively). Samples containing potentially interfering antibodies did not cause specificity problems. Conclusion Regarding diagnosis of acute TBEV infections, ReaScan TBE offers rapid and convenient complementary IgM detection. If used as a stand-alone, it can provide preliminary results in a laboratory or point of care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Albinsson
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anu E Jääskeläinen
- Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory Services (HUSLAB), Department of Virology and Immunology, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kairi Värv
- Department of Virology and Immunology, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mateja Jelovšek
- Institute for Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Corine GeurtsvanKessel
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Department of Virology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sirkka Vene
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josef D Järhult
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Department of Virology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irina Golovljova
- Department of Virology and Immunology, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tatjana Avšič-Županc
- Institute for Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory Services (HUSLAB), Department of Virology and Immunology, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Meyer B, Reimerink J, Torriani G, Brouwer F, Godeke GJ, Yerly S, Hoogerwerf M, Vuilleumier N, Kaiser L, Eckerle I, Reusken C. Validation and clinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralisation test (sVNT). Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:2394-2403. [PMID: 33043818 PMCID: PMC7605318 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1835448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To understand SARS-CoV-2 immunity after natural infection or vaccination, functional assays such as virus neutralising assays are needed. So far, assays to detect SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies rely on cell-culture based infection assays either using wild type SARS-CoV-2 or pseudotyped viruses. Such assays are labour-intensive, require appropriate biosafety facilities and are difficult to standardize. Recently, a new surrogate virus neutralisation test (sVNT) was described that uses the principle of an ELISA to measure the neutralisation capacity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies directed against the receptor binding domain. Here, we performed an independent evaluation of the robustness, specificity and sensitivity on an extensive panel of sera from 269 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 259 unmatched samples collected before 2020 and compared it to cell-based neutralisation assays. We found a high specificity of 99.2 (95%CI: 96.9–99.9) and overall sensitivity of 80.3 (95%CI: 74.9–84.8) for the sVNT. Clinical sensitivity increased between early (<14 days post symptom onset or post diagnosis, dpos/dpd) and late sera (>14 dpos/dpd) from 75.0 (64.7–83.2) to 83.1 (76.5–88.1). Also, higher severity was associated with an increase in clinical sensitivity. Upon comparison with cell-based neutralisation assays we determined an analytical sensitivity of 74.3 (56.4–86.9) and 98.2 (89.4–99.9) for titres ≥10 to <40 and ≥40 to <160, respectively. Only samples with a titre ≥160 were always positive in the sVNT. In conclusion, the sVNT can be used as an additional assay to determine the immune status of COVID-19 infected of vaccinated individuals but its value needs to be assessed for each specific context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Meyer
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johan Reimerink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Giulia Torriani
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fion Brouwer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Godeke
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Yerly
- Laboratory of Virology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marieke Hoogerwerf
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Laboratory of Virology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Disease, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Disease, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO COVID-19 reference laboratory, RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands
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30
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Rijkers G, Murk JL, Wintermans B, van Looy B, van den Berge M, Veenemans J, Stohr J, Reusken C, van der Pol P, Reimerink J. Differences in Antibody Kinetics and Functionality Between Severe and Mild Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:1265-1269. [PMID: 32726417 PMCID: PMC7454692 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined and compared the humoral immune response in patients with severe (hospitalized) and mild (nonhospitalized) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients with severe disease (n = 38) develop a robust antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A antibodies. The geometric mean 50% virus neutralization titer is 1:240. SARS-CoV-2 infection was found in hospital personnel (n = 24), who developed mild symptoms necessitating leave of absence and self-isolation, but not hospitalization; 75% developed antibodies, but with low/absent virus neutralization (60% with titers <1:20). While severe COVID-19 patients develop a strong antibody response, mild SARS-CoV-2 infections induce a modest antibody response. Long-term monitoring will show whether these responses predict protection against future infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ger Rijkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Admiral De Ruyter Hospital, Goes, The Netherlands.,Microvida, location St Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands.,Science Department, University College Roosevelt, Middelburg, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Luc Murk
- Microvida, location St Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Wintermans
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Admiral De Ruyter Hospital, Goes, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Bravis Hospital, Roosendaal, The Netherlands
| | - Bieke van Looy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Admiral De Ruyter Hospital, Goes, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van den Berge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Admiral De Ruyter Hospital, Goes, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobien Veenemans
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Admiral De Ruyter Hospital, Goes, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Stohr
- Microvida, location St Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- World Health Organization COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter van der Pol
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Admiral De Ruyter Hospital, Goes, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Reimerink
- World Health Organization COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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31
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Reusken C, Baronti C, Mögling R, Papa A, Leitmeyer K, Charrel RN. Toscana, West Nile, Usutu and tick-borne encephalitis viruses: external quality assessment for molecular detection of emerging neurotropic viruses in Europe, 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 31847946 PMCID: PMC6918591 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.50.1900051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundNeurotropic arboviruses are increasingly recognised as causative agents of neurological disease in Europe but underdiagnosis is still suspected. Capability for accurate diagnosis is a prerequisite for adequate clinical and public health response.AimTo improve diagnostic capability in EVD-LabNet laboratories, we organised an external quality assessment (EQA) focusing on molecular detection of Toscana (TOSV), Usutu (USUV), West Nile (WNV) and tick-borne encephalitis viruses (TBEV).MethodsSixty-nine laboratories were invited. The EQA panel included two WNV RNA-positive samples (lineages 1 and 2), two TOSV RNA-positive samples (lineages A and B), one TBEV RNA-positive sample (Western subtype), one USUV RNA-positive sample and four negative samples. The EQA focused on overall capability rather than sensitivity of the used techniques. Only detection of one, clinically relevant, concentration per virus species and lineage was assessed.ResultsThe final EQA analysis included 51 laboratories from 35 countries; 44 of these laboratories were from 28 of 31 countries in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). USUV diagnostic capability was lowest (28 laboratories in 18 countries), WNV detection capacity was highest (48 laboratories in 32 countries). Twenty-five laboratories were able to test the whole EQA panel, of which only 11 provided completely correct results. The highest scores were observed for WNV and TOSV (92%), followed by TBEV (86%) and USUV (75%).ConclusionWe observed wide variety in extraction methods and RT-PCR tests, showing a profound absence of standardisation across European laboratories. Overall, the results were not satisfactory; capacity and capability need to be improved in 40 laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cecile Baronti
- Unite des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Mediterranee Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Ramona Mögling
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katrin Leitmeyer
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Remi N Charrel
- Unite des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Mediterranee Infection), Marseille, France
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32
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Thijsen S, Heron M, Gremmels H, van der Kieft R, Reusken C, Kremer K, Limonard G, Bossink A. Elevated nucleoprotein-induced interferon-γ release in COVID-19 patients detected in a SARS-CoV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. J Infect 2020; 81:452-482. [PMID: 32540458 PMCID: PMC7290187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Thijsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michiel Heron
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Gremmels
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robert van der Kieft
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO reference laboratory for COVID-19, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie v. Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Kristin Kremer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, WHO reference laboratory for COVID-19, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie v. Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Gijs Limonard
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ailko Bossink
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Netherlands
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33
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van der Hoek W, Backer JA, Bodewes R, Friesema I, Meijer A, Pijnacker R, Reukers DFM, Reusken C, Roof I, Rots N, Te Wierik MJM, van Gageldonk-Lafeber AB, Waegemaekers CHFM, van den Hof S. [The role of children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2020; 164:D5140. [PMID: 32749807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether children play a role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to other children and adults, and to gain insight into symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in children. DESIGN Analysis of national COVID-19 notifications and prospective observational study in families with children. METHOD Information about COVID-19 patients and their contacts was obtained from the registration systems used by the public health services. In an ongoing study, patients with COVID-19 were asked to participate if they have a family with children. On two occasions nose-throat swabs and blood were collected for PCR analysis and determination of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS The notifications suggest that transmission finds place mainly between adults and to a lesser extent between parents and children. For the family study, data were available from 54 households with a total of 227 participants. In families of a confirmed COVID-19 patient, children between 1 and 11 years were less often positive in PCR and serology than older children and adults. CONCLUSION The study gives no indications that children play an important role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Children can indeed become infected, but transmission mainly takes place between adult peers and from adult family members to children. Transmission among children or from children to adults, as is known in influenza, appears to be less common. Ongoing studies should provide important information for further decision-making on control measures, such as closure of schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim van der Hoek
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), afd. Epidemiologie en Surveillance van Infectieziekten (EPI), Bilthoven
- Contact: Wim van der Hoek
| | - Jantien A Backer
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), afd. Epidemiologie en Surveillance van Infectieziekten (EPI), Bilthoven
| | - Rogier Bodewes
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), afd. Infectieziekteonderzoek, Diagnostiek en laboratorium Surveillance (IDS), Bilthoven
| | - Ingrid Friesema
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), afd. Epidemiologie en Surveillance van Infectieziekten (EPI), Bilthoven
| | - Adam Meijer
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), afd. Epidemiologie en Surveillance van Infectieziekten (EPI), Bilthoven
| | - Roan Pijnacker
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), afd. Epidemiologie en Surveillance van Infectieziekten (EPI), Bilthoven
| | - Daphne F M Reukers
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), afd. Epidemiologie en Surveillance van Infectieziekten (EPI), Bilthoven
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), afd. Epidemiologie en Surveillance van Infectieziekten (EPI), Bilthoven
| | - Inge Roof
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), afd. Epidemiologie en Surveillance van Infectieziekten (EPI), Bilthoven
| | - Nynke Rots
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), afd. Immunologie van Infectieziekten en Vaccins (IIV), Bilthoven
| | - Margreet J M Te Wierik
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), Landelijke Coördinatie Infectieziektebestrijding (LCI), Bilthoven
| | - A B van Gageldonk-Lafeber
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), afd. Epidemiologie en Surveillance van Infectieziekten (EPI), Bilthoven
| | - C H F M Waegemaekers
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), Landelijke Coördinatie Infectieziektebestrijding (LCI), Bilthoven
| | - Susan van den Hof
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), afd. Epidemiologie en Surveillance van Infectieziekten (EPI), Bilthoven
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34
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Mögling R, Meijer A, Berginc N, Bruisten S, Charrel R, Coutard B, Eckerle I, Enouf V, Hungnes O, Korukluoglu G, Kossyvakis T, Mentis A, Molenkamp R, Muradrasoli S, Papa A, Pigny F, Thirion L, van der Werf S, Reusken C. Delayed Laboratory Response to COVID-19 Caused by Molecular Diagnostic Contamination. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:1944-1946. [PMID: 32433015 PMCID: PMC7392437 DOI: 10.3201/eid2608.201843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) created an exceptional situation in which numerous laboratories in Europe simultaneously implemented SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. These laboratories reported in February 2020 that commercial primer and probe batches for SARS-CoV-2 detection were contaminated with synthetic control material, causing delays of regional testing roll-out in various countries.
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35
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Farag E, Sikkema RS, Mohamedani AA, de Bruin E, Munnink BBO, Chandler F, Kohl R, van der Linden A, Okba NM, Haagmans BL, van den Brand JM, Elhaj AM, Abakar AD, Nour BY, Mohamed AM, Alwaseela BE, Ahmed H, Alhajri MM, Koopmans M, Reusken C, Elrahman SHA. MERS-CoV in Camels but Not Camel Handlers, Sudan, 2015 and 2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 25:2333-2335. [PMID: 31742534 PMCID: PMC6874263 DOI: 10.3201/eid2512.190882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested samples collected from camels, camel workers, and other animals in Sudan and Qatar in 2015 and 2017 for evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. MERS-CoV antibodies were abundant in Sudan camels, but we found no evidence of MERS-CoV infection in camel workers, other livestock, or bats.
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36
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Kiyong’a AN, Cook EAJ, Okba NMA, Kivali V, Reusken C, Haagmans BL, Fèvre EM. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Seropositive Camel Handlers in Kenya. Viruses 2020; 12:E396. [PMID: 32260186 PMCID: PMC7232417 DOI: 10.3390/v12040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a respiratory disease caused by a zoonotic coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camel handlers, including slaughterhouse workers and herders, are at risk of acquiring MERS-CoV infections. However, there is limited evidence of infections among camel handlers in Africa. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of antibodies to MERS-CoV in high-risk groups in Kenya. Sera collected from 93 camel handlers, 58 slaughterhouse workers and 35 camel herders, were screened for MERS-CoV antibodies using ELISA and PRNT. We found four seropositive slaughterhouse workers by PRNT. Risk factors amongst the slaughterhouse workers included being the slaughterman (the person who cuts the throat of the camel) and drinking camel blood. Further research is required to understand the epidemiology of MERS-CoV in Africa in relation to occupational risk, with a need for additional studies on the transmission of MERS-CoV from dromedary camels to humans, seroprevalence and associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice N. Kiyong’a
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya (E.A.J.C.); (V.K.)
| | - Elizabeth A. J. Cook
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya (E.A.J.C.); (V.K.)
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Nisreen M. A. Okba
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (N.M.A.O.); (C.R.); (B.L.H.)
| | - Velma Kivali
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya (E.A.J.C.); (V.K.)
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (N.M.A.O.); (C.R.); (B.L.H.)
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bart L. Haagmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (N.M.A.O.); (C.R.); (B.L.H.)
| | - Eric M. Fèvre
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya (E.A.J.C.); (V.K.)
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
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37
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Corman VM, Landt O, Kaiser M, Molenkamp R, Meijer A, Chu DK, Bleicker T, Brünink S, Schneider J, Schmidt ML, Mulders DG, Haagmans BL, van der Veer B, van den Brink S, Wijsman L, Goderski G, Romette JL, Ellis J, Zambon M, Peiris M, Goossens H, Reusken C, Koopmans MP, Drosten C. Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25. [PMID: 31992387 PMCID: PMC6988269 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.3.2000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4613] [Impact Index Per Article: 1153.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The ongoing outbreak of the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) poses a challenge for public health laboratories as virus isolates are unavailable while there is growing evidence that the outbreak is more widespread than initially thought, and international spread through travellers does already occur. Aim We aimed to develop and deploy robust diagnostic methodology for use in public health laboratory settings without having virus material available. Methods Here we present a validated diagnostic workflow for 2019-nCoV, its design relying on close genetic relatedness of 2019-nCoV with SARS coronavirus, making use of synthetic nucleic acid technology. Results The workflow reliably detects 2019-nCoV, and further discriminates 2019-nCoV from SARS-CoV. Through coordination between academic and public laboratories, we confirmed assay exclusivity based on 297 original clinical specimens containing a full spectrum of human respiratory viruses. Control material is made available through European Virus Archive – Global (EVAg), a European Union infrastructure project. Conclusion The present study demonstrates the enormous response capacity achieved through coordination of academic and public laboratories in national and European research networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Corman
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tobias Bleicker
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brünink
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Schneider
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Luisa Schmidt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas van der Veer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sharon van den Brink
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Wijsman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Goderski
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Herman Goossens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chantal Reusken
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christian Drosten
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
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38
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Phan MVT, Mendonca Melo M, van Nood E, Aron G, Kreeft-Voermans JJC, Koopmans MPG, Reusken C, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Cotten M. Shedding of Yellow Fever Virus From an Imported Case in the Netherlands After Travel to Brazil. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa020. [PMID: 32055637 PMCID: PMC7008093 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report yellow fever infection in a Dutch traveler returning from Brazil. Yellow fever virus (YFV) was identified in serum and urine samples over a period of 1 month. Yellow fever virus genome sequences from the patient clustered with recent Brazilian YFV and showed with limited nucleotide changes during the resolving infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- My V T Phan
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariana Mendonca Melo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Els van Nood
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Georgina Aron
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Chantal Reusken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Matthew Cotten
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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39
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Corman VM, Landt O, Kaiser M, Molenkamp R, Meijer A, Chu DK, Bleicker T, Brünink S, Schneider J, Schmidt ML, Mulders DG, Haagmans BL, van der Veer B, van den Brink S, Wijsman L, Goderski G, Romette JL, Ellis J, Zambon M, Peiris M, Goossens H, Reusken C, Koopmans MP, Drosten C. Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill 2020. [PMID: 31992387 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.3.2000045/cite/plaintext] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing outbreak of the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) poses a challenge for public health laboratories as virus isolates are unavailable while there is growing evidence that the outbreak is more widespread than initially thought, and international spread through travellers does already occur. AIM We aimed to develop and deploy robust diagnostic methodology for use in public health laboratory settings without having virus material available. METHODS Here we present a validated diagnostic workflow for 2019-nCoV, its design relying on close genetic relatedness of 2019-nCoV with SARS coronavirus, making use of synthetic nucleic acid technology. RESULTS The workflow reliably detects 2019-nCoV, and further discriminates 2019-nCoV from SARS-CoV. Through coordination between academic and public laboratories, we confirmed assay exclusivity based on 297 original clinical specimens containing a full spectrum of human respiratory viruses. Control material is made available through European Virus Archive - Global (EVAg), a European Union infrastructure project. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates the enormous response capacity achieved through coordination of academic and public laboratories in national and European research networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Corman
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tobias Bleicker
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brünink
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Schneider
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Luisa Schmidt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas van der Veer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sharon van den Brink
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Wijsman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Goderski
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Herman Goossens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chantal Reusken
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christian Drosten
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
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40
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Corman VM, Landt O, Kaiser M, Molenkamp R, Meijer A, Chu DK, Bleicker T, Brünink S, Schneider J, Schmidt ML, Mulders DG, Haagmans BL, van der Veer B, van den Brink S, Wijsman L, Goderski G, Romette JL, Ellis J, Zambon M, Peiris M, Goossens H, Reusken C, Koopmans MP, Drosten C. Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill 2020. [PMID: 31992387 DOI: 10.2807/2f1560-7917.es.2020.25.3.2000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing outbreak of the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) poses a challenge for public health laboratories as virus isolates are unavailable while there is growing evidence that the outbreak is more widespread than initially thought, and international spread through travellers does already occur. AIM We aimed to develop and deploy robust diagnostic methodology for use in public health laboratory settings without having virus material available. METHODS Here we present a validated diagnostic workflow for 2019-nCoV, its design relying on close genetic relatedness of 2019-nCoV with SARS coronavirus, making use of synthetic nucleic acid technology. RESULTS The workflow reliably detects 2019-nCoV, and further discriminates 2019-nCoV from SARS-CoV. Through coordination between academic and public laboratories, we confirmed assay exclusivity based on 297 original clinical specimens containing a full spectrum of human respiratory viruses. Control material is made available through European Virus Archive - Global (EVAg), a European Union infrastructure project. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates the enormous response capacity achieved through coordination of academic and public laboratories in national and European research networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Corman
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tobias Bleicker
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brünink
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Schneider
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Luisa Schmidt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas van der Veer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sharon van den Brink
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Wijsman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Goderski
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Herman Goossens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chantal Reusken
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christian Drosten
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
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41
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Corman VM, Landt O, Kaiser M, Molenkamp R, Meijer A, Chu DK, Bleicker T, Brünink S, Schneider J, Schmidt ML, Mulders DG, Haagmans BL, van der Veer B, van den Brink S, Wijsman L, Goderski G, Romette JL, Ellis J, Zambon M, Peiris M, Goossens H, Reusken C, Koopmans MP, Drosten C. Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill 2020. [PMID: 31992387 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.3.200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing outbreak of the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) poses a challenge for public health laboratories as virus isolates are unavailable while there is growing evidence that the outbreak is more widespread than initially thought, and international spread through travellers does already occur. AIM We aimed to develop and deploy robust diagnostic methodology for use in public health laboratory settings without having virus material available. METHODS Here we present a validated diagnostic workflow for 2019-nCoV, its design relying on close genetic relatedness of 2019-nCoV with SARS coronavirus, making use of synthetic nucleic acid technology. RESULTS The workflow reliably detects 2019-nCoV, and further discriminates 2019-nCoV from SARS-CoV. Through coordination between academic and public laboratories, we confirmed assay exclusivity based on 297 original clinical specimens containing a full spectrum of human respiratory viruses. Control material is made available through European Virus Archive - Global (EVAg), a European Union infrastructure project. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates the enormous response capacity achieved through coordination of academic and public laboratories in national and European research networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Corman
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tobias Bleicker
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brünink
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Schneider
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Luisa Schmidt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas van der Veer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sharon van den Brink
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Wijsman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Goderski
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Herman Goossens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chantal Reusken
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christian Drosten
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
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Corman VM, Landt O, Kaiser M, Molenkamp R, Meijer A, Chu DK, Bleicker T, Brünink S, Schneider J, Schmidt ML, Mulders DG, Haagmans BL, van der Veer B, van den Brink S, Wijsman L, Goderski G, Romette JL, Ellis J, Zambon M, Peiris M, Goossens H, Reusken C, Koopmans MP, Drosten C. Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill 2020. [PMID: 31992387 DOI: 10.2807/15607917.es.2020.25.3.2000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing outbreak of the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) poses a challenge for public health laboratories as virus isolates are unavailable while there is growing evidence that the outbreak is more widespread than initially thought, and international spread through travellers does already occur. AIM We aimed to develop and deploy robust diagnostic methodology for use in public health laboratory settings without having virus material available. METHODS Here we present a validated diagnostic workflow for 2019-nCoV, its design relying on close genetic relatedness of 2019-nCoV with SARS coronavirus, making use of synthetic nucleic acid technology. RESULTS The workflow reliably detects 2019-nCoV, and further discriminates 2019-nCoV from SARS-CoV. Through coordination between academic and public laboratories, we confirmed assay exclusivity based on 297 original clinical specimens containing a full spectrum of human respiratory viruses. Control material is made available through European Virus Archive - Global (EVAg), a European Union infrastructure project. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates the enormous response capacity achieved through coordination of academic and public laboratories in national and European research networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Corman
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tobias Bleicker
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brünink
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Schneider
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Luisa Schmidt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas van der Veer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sharon van den Brink
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Wijsman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Goderski
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Herman Goossens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chantal Reusken
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christian Drosten
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
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Reusken C, Boonstra M, Rugebregt S, Scherbeijn S, Chandler F, Avšič-Županc T, Vapalahti O, Koopmans M, GeurtsvanKessel CH. An evaluation of serological methods to diagnose tick-borne encephalitis from serum and cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Virol 2019; 120:78-83. [PMID: 31590114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infectious disease endemic to large parts of Europe and Asia. Diagnosing TBE often relies on the detection of TBEV-specific antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as viral genome is mostly not detectable once neurological symptoms occur. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the performance of TBEV IgM and IgG ELISAs in both serum and CSF of confirmed TBEV patients and discuss the role of (CSF) serology in TBEV diagnostics. STUDY DESIGN For the assay evaluation we collected specimen from confirmed TBEV patients. Assay specificity was assessed using sera from patients with a related flavivirus infection or other acute infection. A selected ELISA assay was used to analyze TBEV-specific antibodies in CSF and to evaluate the use in confirming TBE diagnosis. RESULTS In this study the overall sensitivity of the IgM TBEV ELISAs was acceptable (94 -100 %). Four out of five IgM ELISA's demonstrated an excellent overall specificity from 94 -100% whereas a low overall specificity was observed for the IgG TBEV ELISAs (30-71%). Intrathecal antibody production against TBEV was demonstrated in a subset of TBE patients. CONCLUSIONS In four out of five ELISAs, IgM testing in serum and CSF of TBE patients is specific and confirmative. The lack of IgG specificity in all ELISAs emphasizes the need of confirmatory testing by virus neutralisation, depending on the patient's background and the geographic location of exposure to TBEV. A CSF-serum IgG antibody index can support the diagnosis specifically in chronic disease or once IgM has disappeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Reusken
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, the Netherlands(2); Centre for infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marrit Boonstra
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, the Netherlands(2)
| | - Sharona Rugebregt
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, the Netherlands(2)
| | - Sandra Scherbeijn
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, the Netherlands(2)
| | - Felicity Chandler
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, the Netherlands(2)
| | - Tatjana Avšič-Županc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Deptartment of Virology and Veterinary Biosciences: University of Helsinki, and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Marion Koopmans
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, the Netherlands(2)
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Romette JL, Prat CM, Gould EA, de Lamballerie X, Charrel R, Coutard B, Fooks AR, Bardsley M, Carroll M, Drosten C, Drexler JF, Günther S, Klempa B, Pinschewer D, Klimkait T, Avsic-Zupanc T, Capobianchi MR, Dicaro A, Ippolito G, Nitsche A, Koopmans M, Reusken C, Gorbalenya A, Raoul H, Bourhy H, Mettenleiter T, Reiche S, Batten C, Sabeta C, Paweska JT, Eropkin M, Zverev V, Hu Z, Mac Cullough S, Mirazimi A, Pradel F, Lieutaud P. The European Virus Archive goes global: A growing resource for research. Antiviral Res 2018; 158:127-134. [PMID: 30059721 PMCID: PMC7127435 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The European Virus Archive (EVA) was created in 2008 with funding from the FP7-EU Infrastructure Programme, in response to the need for a coordinated and readily accessible collection of viruses that could be made available to academia, public health organisations and industry. Within three years, it developed from a consortium of nine European laboratories to encompass associated partners in Africa, Russia, China, Turkey, Germany and Italy. In 2014, the H2020 Research and Innovation Framework Programme (INFRAS projects) provided support for the transformation of the EVA from a European to a global organization (EVAg). The EVAg now operates as a non-profit consortium, with 26 partners and 20 associated partners from 21 EU and non-EU countries. In this paper, we outline the structure, management and goals of the EVAg, to bring to the attention of researchers the wealth of products it can provide and to illustrate how end-users can gain access to these resources. Organisations or individuals who would like to be considered as contributors are invited to contact the EVAg coordinator, Jean-Louis Romette, at jean-louis.romette@univmed.fr.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Romette
- Unite des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France.
| | - C M Prat
- Unite des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - E A Gould
- Unite des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - X de Lamballerie
- Unite des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - R Charrel
- Unite des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - B Coutard
- Architectures et Fonctions, des Macromolécules, Biologiques, Marseille, France
| | - A R Fooks
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Bardsley
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Carroll
- Department of Health-Special Pathogens Laboratory, Porton Down, United Kingdom
| | - C Drosten
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - J F Drexler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Günther
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Klempa
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D Pinschewer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Bales, Switzerland
| | - T Klimkait
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Bales, Switzerland
| | - T Avsic-Zupanc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Lubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - A Dicaro
- UOC, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive Roma, Italy
| | - G Ippolito
- UOC, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive Roma, Italy
| | - A Nitsche
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Koopmans
- ERASMUS Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Reusken
- ERASMUS Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Gorbalenya
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H Raoul
- Laboratoire Merieux, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | | | - T Mettenleiter
- Friedrich Loeffler Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - S Reiche
- Friedrich Loeffler Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - C Batten
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - C Sabeta
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Praetoria, South Africa
| | - J T Paweska
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M Eropkin
- Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V Zverev
- Mechnikov Scientific Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
| | - Z Hu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, China
| | - S Mac Cullough
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - F Pradel
- Fondation Mérieux, réseau GABRIEL, Lyon, France
| | - P Lieutaud
- Unite des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
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Maas M, De Vries A, Reusken C, Buijs J, Goris M, Hartskeerl R, Ahmed A, Van Tulden P, Swart A, Pijnacker R, Koene M, Lundkvist Å, Heyman P, Rockx B, Van Der Giessen J. Prevalence of Leptospira spp. and Seoul hantavirus in brown rats ( Rattus norvegicus) in four regions in the Netherlands, 2011-2015. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2018; 8:1490135. [PMID: 29963297 PMCID: PMC6022222 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2018.1490135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) may carry pathogens that can be a risk for public health. Brown rats in the Netherlands were tested for the zoonotic pathogens Leptospira spp. and Seoul hantavirus (SEOV), in order to obtain insight in their prevalence. METHODS AND RESULTS Cross-sectional studies were performed at four locations from 2011 to 2015. The rats were tested for Leptospira spp. using real-time PCR and/or culture resulting in a prevalence ranging between 33-57%. Testing for SEOV was done through an adapted human Seoul hantavirus ELISA and real-time RT-PCR. Although at several locations the ELISA indicated presence of SEOV antibodies, none could be confirmed by focus reduction neutralization testing. CONCLUSION The results indicate a widespread presence of Leptospira spp. in brown rats in the Netherlands, including areas with a low leptospirosis incidence in humans. No evidence for circulation of SEOV was found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Maas
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ankje De Vries
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for arbovirus and hemorrhagic fever virus reference and research, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Buijs
- Public health service (GGD) Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marga Goris
- OIE and National Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis (NRL), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rudy Hartskeerl
- OIE and National Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis (NRL), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Ahmed
- OIE and National Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis (NRL), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Arno Swart
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Roan Pijnacker
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Koene
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Heyman
- Research Laboratory for Vector-Borne Diseases, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barry Rockx
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for arbovirus and hemorrhagic fever virus reference and research, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joke Van Der Giessen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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Belfroid E, Mollers M, Smit PW, Hulscher M, Koopmans M, Reusken C, Timen A. Positive experiences of volunteers working in deployable laboratories in West Africa during the Ebola outbreak. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196320. [PMID: 29698521 PMCID: PMC5919609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease ever started in West Africa in December 2013; it created a pressing need to expand the workforce dealing with it. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the experiences of volunteers from the European Union who worked in deployable laboratories in West Africa during the outbreak. This study is part of the EMERGE project. We assessed the experiences of 251 volunteers with a 19-item online questionnaire. The questions asked about positive aspects of volunteering such as learning new skills, establishing a new path in life, and changing life values. Other questionnaire subjects were the compliance to follow-up measures, the extent to which volunteers felt these measures restricted their daily activities, the fear of stigmatization, and worries about becoming infected or infecting their families. The volunteers reported positive effects that reached far beyond their daily work, such as changes in life priorities and a greater appreciation of the value of their own lives. Although the volunteers did not feel that temperature monitoring restricted their daily activities, full compliance to temperature monitoring and reporting it to the authorities was low. The volunteers did not fear Ebola infection for themselves or their families and were not afraid of stigmatization. With respect to the burden on the families, 50% reported that their family members were worried that the volunteer would be infected with Ebola virus. Altogether, the positive experiences of the volunteers in this study far outweigh the negative implications and constitute an important argument for inspiring people who intend to join such missions and for motivating the hesitant ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Belfroid
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Preparedness and Response Unit, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ healthcare, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (EB); (CR)
| | - Madelief Mollers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Preparedness and Response Unit, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter W. Smit
- Erasmus MC, Department of Virology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies Hulscher
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ healthcare, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Koopmans
- Erasmus MC, Department of Virology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Erasmus MC, Department of Virology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (EB); (CR)
| | - Aura Timen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Preparedness and Response Unit, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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GeurtsvanKessel CH, Islam Z, Islam MB, Kamga S, Papri N, van de Vijver DAMC, Reusken C, Mogling R, Heikema AP, Jahan I, Pradel FK, Pavlicek RL, Mohammad QD, Koopmans MPG, Jacobs BC, Endtz HP. Zika virus and Guillain-Barré syndrome in Bangladesh. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:606-615. [PMID: 29761123 PMCID: PMC5945960 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have associated Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) with Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in South America and Oceania. In Asia, ZIKV is known to circulate widely, but the association with Guillain–Barré syndrome is unclear. We investigated whether endemic ZIKV infection is associated with the development of GBS. Methods A prospective study was conducted from 2011 to 2015 in Bangladesh. A total of 418 patients and 418 healthy family controls were included in the study. Patients were diagnosed with GBS prior to inclusion according to established criteria. Detailed information on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, electrophysiology, diagnosis, disease severity, and clinical course were obtained during a follow‐up of 1 year using a predefined protocol. Results ZIKV‐neutralizing antibodies were detected in our study from 2013 onwards. The prevalence of ZIKV‐neutralizing antibodies was not significantly higher in patients with GBS compared to healthy controls (OR 2.23, P = 0.14, 95% CI 0.77–6.53). Serological evidence for prior ZIKV infection in patients with GBS was associated with more frequent cranial, sensory, and autonomic nerve involvement compared to GBS patients with Campylobacter jejuni, the predominant preceding infection in GBS worldwide. Nerve‐conduction studies revealed that ZIKV antibodies were associated with a demyelinating subtype of GBS, while C. jejuni infections were related to an axonal subtype. Interpretation No significant association was found between ZIKV infection and GBS in Bangladesh, but GBS following ZIKV infection was characterized by a distinct clinical and electrophysiological subtype compared to C. jejuni infection. These findings indicate that ZIKV may precede a specific GBS subtype but the risk is low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhahirul Islam
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Md Badrul Islam
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Kamga
- Department of Viroscience Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Nowshin Papri
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - Chantal Reusken
- Department of Viroscience Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ramona Mogling
- Department of Viroscience Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Astrid P Heikema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Israt Jahan
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Quazi D Mohammad
- National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - Bart C Jacobs
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Hubert P Endtz
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands.,Fondation Mérieux Lyon France
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Sigfrid L, Eckerle I, Papa A, Horby P, Koopmans M, Reusken C. Strengthening preparedness for (re-) emerging arboviruses in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:219-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Charrel RN, Leparc-Goffart I, Pas S, de Lamballerie X, Koopmans M, Reusken C. Background review for diagnostic test development for Zika virus infection. Bull World Health Organ 2018; 94:574-584D. [PMID: 27516635 PMCID: PMC4969995 DOI: 10.2471/blt.16.171207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To review the state of knowledge about diagnostic testing for Zika virus infection and identify areas of research needed to address the current gaps in knowledge. Methods We made a non-systematic review of the published literature about Zika virus and supplemented this with information from commercial diagnostic test kits and personal communications with researchers in European preparedness networks. The review covered current knowledge about the geographical spread, pathogen characteristics, life cycle and infection kinetics of the virus. The available molecular and serological tests and biosafety issues are described and discussed in the context of the current outbreak strain. Findings We identified the following areas of research to address current knowledge gaps: (i) an urgent assessment of the laboratory capacity and capability of countries to detect Zika virus; (ii) rapid and extensive field validation of the available molecular and serological tests in areas with and without Zika virus transmission, with a focus on pregnant women; (iii) monitoring the genomic diversity of circulating Zika virus strains; (iv) prospective studies into the virus infection kinetics, focusing on diagnostic sampling (specimen types, combinations and timings); and (v) developing external quality assessments for molecular and serological testing, including differential diagnosis for similar viruses and symptom clusters. The availability of reagents for diagnostic development (virus strains and antigens, quantified viral ribonucleic acid) needs to be facilitated. Conclusion An international laboratory response is needed, including preparation of protocols for prospective studies to address the most pressing information needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi N Charrel
- UMR EPV Emergence des Pathologies Virales, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Leparc-Goffart
- French National Reference Centre for Arbovirus, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Suzan Pas
- Department of Viroscience, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Research and Reference, Wytemaweg 80, Room EE 17-26, 3015 CN Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- UMR EPV Emergence des Pathologies Virales, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Research and Reference, Wytemaweg 80, Room EE 17-26, 3015 CN Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Department of Viroscience, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Research and Reference, Wytemaweg 80, Room EE 17-26, 3015 CN Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Lustig Y, Cotar AI, Ceianu CS, Castilletti C, Zelena H, Burdino E, van Tienen C, Avsic T, Aarons E, Reusken C. Lack of Zika virus antibody response in confirmed patients in non-endemic countries. J Clin Virol 2017; 99-100:31-34. [PMID: 29289815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Lustig
- National Center for Zoonotic Viruses Laboratory, Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Ani Ioana Cotar
- Cantacuzino National Institute for Research, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Hana Zelena
- Institute of Public Health, Ostrava, Czech Republic; University of Defence, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Elisa Burdino
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Carla van Tienen
- Erasmus MC, Department of Viroscience, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Avsic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Emma Aarons
- Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, Public Health England Porton, Salisbury, UK
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Erasmus MC, Department of Viroscience, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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