1
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Peiris JSM, So RTY, Poon LLM, Chu KW, Mok CKP, Zhao J. Single amino acid substitution and inter-species transmission of MERS-coronavirus from camels to humans: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2024; 30 Suppl 1:9-15. [PMID: 38413205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J S M Peiris
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - R T Y So
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L L M Poon
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K W Chu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C K P Mok
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Fukuda K, Lam T, Tun H, Peiris JSM, Cowling BJ, Zhang T. Surveillance of environmental contamination by antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant pathogens: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2023; 29 Suppl 1:32-33. [PMID: 36919217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Fukuda
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - H Tun
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J S M Peiris
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - B J Cowling
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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3
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Jayaweera JAAS, Morel AJ, Abeykoon AMSB, Pitchai FNN, Kothalawela HS, Peiris JSM, Noordeen F. Viral burden and diversity in acute respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children in wet and dry zones of Sri Lanka. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259443. [PMID: 34919553 PMCID: PMC8682885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was done to identify the viral diversity, seasonality and burden associated with childhood acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in Sri Lanka. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) of hospitalized children (1 month-5 years) with ARTI were collected in 2 centers (wet and dry zones) from March 2013 to August 2014. Respiratory viral antigen detection by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to identify the infecting viruses. IFA negative 100 NPA samples were tested for human metapeumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus and corona viruses by polymerase chain reaction. Of the 443 and 418 NPAs, 37.2% and 39.4% were positive for any of the 8 different respiratory viruses tested from two centers studied. Viral co-infection was detected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in both centers. Peak viral detection was noted in the wet zone from May-July 2013 and 2014 and in the dry zone from December-January 2014 suggesting a local seasonality for viral ARTI. RSV showed a clear seasonality with a direct correlation of monthly RSV infections with rainy days in the wet zone and an inverse correlation with temperature in both centers. The case fatality rate was 2.7% for RSV associated ARTI. The overall disability adjusted life years was 335.9 and for RSV associated ARTI it was 241.8. RSV was the commonly detected respiratory virus with an annual seasonality and distribution in rainy seasons in the dry and wet zones of Sri Lanka. Identifying the virus and seasonality will contribute to employ preventive measures and reduce the empirical use of antibiotics in resource limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. A. S. Jayaweera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - A. J. Morel
- Teaching Hospital, Gampola, Gampola, Sri Lanka
| | - A. M. S. B. Abeykoon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - F. N. N. Pitchai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - H. S. Kothalawela
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - J. S. M. Peiris
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - F. Noordeen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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4
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Chan MCW, Chan RWY, Nicholls JM, Peiris JSM. Tropism of the novel human betacoronavirus lineage C virus in human ex vivo and in vitro cultures: potential transmissibility and pathogenesis in humans (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J 2021; 27 Suppl 2:28-32. [PMID: 34075888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M C W Chan
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - R W Y Chan
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J M Nicholls
- Department of Pathology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J S M Peiris
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
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5
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Yang L, Hu WB, Wong CM, Chiu SSS, Soares Magalhaes RJ, Thach TQ, Clements ACA, Peiris JSM. Effect of increased influenza and pneumococcal vaccine coverage on the burden of influenza among elderly people in Hong Kong versus Brisbane: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2020; 26 Suppl 4:12-16. [PMID: 32690812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - W B Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - C M Wong
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S S S Chiu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - T Q Thach
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - A C A Clements
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Australia
| | - J S M Peiris
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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6
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Wu P, Cowling BJ, Peiris JSM. Severity profiles of respiratory viruses in children in Hong Kong: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2020; 26 Suppl 4:17-21. [PMID: 32690813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Wu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - B J Cowling
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - J S M Peiris
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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7
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Valkenburg SA, Li OTW, Peiris JSM, Perera LP, Poon LLM. Vaccine-induced T cell protection from influenza viruses. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 25 Suppl 7:33-36. [PMID: 31761769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S A Valkenburg
- Centre of Influenza Research and School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - O T W Li
- Centre of Influenza Research and School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - J S M Peiris
- Centre of Influenza Research and School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - L P Perera
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L L M Poon
- Centre of Influenza Research and School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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8
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Cowling BJ, Peiris JSM, Kwok KO. Influenza virus infections in Hong Kong in 2013-14: a community-based longitudinal seroepidemiological study. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 25 Suppl 7:23-26. [PMID: 31761766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B J Cowling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J S M Peiris
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - K O Kwok
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
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9
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Chu DKW, Hui KPY, Perera RAPM, Miguel E, Oladipo JO, Traore A, Fassi-Fihri O, Chan MCW, Zhou Z, So RTY, Chevalier V, Peiris JSM. A52 MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity. Virus Evol 2019. [PMCID: PMC6735769 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vez002.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes a zoonotic respiratory disease of global public health concern, and dromedary camels are the only proven source of this zoonotic infection. Although MERS-CoV infection is ubiquitous in dromedaries across Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, the continuous appearance of zoonotic MERS cases in humans is confined to the Arabian Peninsula. MERS-CoV from Africa has hitherto been poorly studied. Here, we report the genetic and phenotypic characterization of MERS-CoV from dromedaries in African countries. Phylogenetically, viruses from dromedaries in Africa formed a monophyletic clade, which we have provisionally designated as virus clade C. Molecular dating analyses of MERS-CoV, including clade C viruses, suggests that the ancestral MERS-CoV in dromedaries could have spread to the two continents within a short timeframe. Camel MERS-CoVs from west and north African countries form a subclade (C1) that shares genetic signatures of a major deletion in the accessory gene ORF4b. Compared with human and camel MERS-CoV from Saudi Arabia, virus isolates from Burkina Faso (BF785) and Nigeria (Nig1657) had lower virus replication competence in Calu-3 cells and in ex vivo cultures of human bronchus and lung, and BF785 replicated to lower titer in lungs of human DPP4-transduced mice. However, it is still inconclusive whether ORF4b deletions may lead to the reduced replication competence of BF785 and Nig1657. Genetic and phenotypic differences in West African viruses may be relevant to the zoonotic potential of MERS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K W Chu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - K P Y Hui
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - R A P M Perera
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - E Miguel
- Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - J O Oladipo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - A Traore
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animals, L’Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles du Burkina Faso
| | - O Fassi-Fihri
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire, Hassan II Universite, Morocco
| | - M C W Chan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Z Zhou
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - R T Y So
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - V Chevalier
- Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - J S M Peiris
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
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Kudagammana HDWS, Thevanesam V, Chu DKW, Eriyagama NB, Peiris JSM, Noordeen F. Coronaviruses in guano from Pteropus medius bats in Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1122-1124. [PMID: 29498228 PMCID: PMC7169738 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bats are a unique group of mammals well suited to be hosts for emerging viruses. With current rates of deforestation and urbanization, redistribution of bat habitats to urban and suburban areas may bring bats into closer contact with livestock and humans. Common flying fox, Pteropus medius (previously known as Pteropus giganteus), forms large communal roosts on treetops, often in close proximity to human habitation in Sri Lanka. This report describes the detection of coronavirus RNA in P. medius bat guano collected in Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. These viruses had >97% nucleotide identity with coronaviruses detected in Cynopterus sphinx, Scotophilus heathii and S. kuhlii bats in Thailand. Pteropus medius is widespread in Asia and appears to excrete group D coronaviruses, which are hitherto confined to bats; however, these findings may have public health implications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D W S Kudagammana
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - V Thevanesam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - D K W Chu
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - N B Eriyagama
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - J S M Peiris
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - F Noordeen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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11
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Al Hammadi ZM, Chu DKW, Eltahir YM, Al Hosani F, Al Mulla M, Tarnini W, Hall AJ, Perera RAPM, Abdelkhalek MM, Peiris JSM, Al Muhairi SS, Poon LLM. Asymptomatic MERS-CoV Infection in Humans Possibly Linked to Infected Dromedaries Imported from Oman to United Arab Emirates, May 2015. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:2197-200. [PMID: 26584223 PMCID: PMC4672428 DOI: 10.3201/eid2112.151132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In May 2015 in United Arab Emirates, asymptomatic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection was identified through active case finding in 2 men with exposure to infected dromedaries. Epidemiologic and virologic findings suggested zoonotic transmission. Genetic sequences for viruses from the men and camels were similar to those for viruses recently detected in other countries.
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12
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Wong CM, Chan WM, Yang L, Chan KP, Lai HK, Thach TQ, Ho LM, Lam TH, Peiris JSM. Effect of lifestyle factors on risk of mortality associated with influenza in elderly people. Hong Kong Med J 2014; 20 Suppl 6:16-19. [PMID: 25482965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C M Wong
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - W M Chan
- Department of Health, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - L Yang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - K P Chan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - H K Lai
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - T Q Thach
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - L M Ho
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - T H Lam
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J S M Peiris
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
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13
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Tu WW, Lau YL, Peiris JSM. Use of humanised mice to study antiviral activity of human γδ-T cells against influenza A viruses. Hong Kong Med J 2014; 20 Suppl 6:4-6. [PMID: 25482962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W W Tu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Y L Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J S M Peiris
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong
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14
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Wu JT, Cowling BJ, Hung I, Lau YL, Peiris JSM. Infection attack rates during the epidemic of swine influenza A by tracking temporal changes in age-specific seroprevalence rates. Hong Kong Med J 2014; 20 Suppl 4:29-33. [PMID: 25224116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J T Wu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
| | - B J Cowling
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
| | - I Hung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Y L Lau
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J S M Peiris
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong
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15
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Yen HL, McKimm-Breschkin JL, Choy KT, Wong DDY, Cheung PPH, Zhou J, Ng IH, Zhu H, Webby RJ, Guan Y, Webster RG, Peiris JSM. Resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors conferred by an R292K mutation in a human influenza virus H7N9 isolate can be masked by a mixed R/K viral population. mBio 2013; 4:e00396-13. [PMID: 23860768 PMCID: PMC3735122 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00396-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We characterized the A/Shanghai/1/2013 virus isolated from the first confirmed human case of A/H7N9 disease in China. The A/Shanghai/1/2013 isolate contained a mixed population of R (65%; 15/23 clones) and K (35%; 8/23 clones) at neuraminidase (NA) residue 292, as determined by clonal sequencing. A/Shanghai/1/2013 with mixed R/K at residue 292 exhibited a phenotype that is sensitive to zanamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate by the enzyme-based NA inhibition assay. The plaque-purified A/Shanghai/1/2013 with dominant K292 (94%; 15/16 clones) showed sensitivity to zanamivir that had decreased by >30-fold and to oseltamivir carboxylate that had decreased by >100-fold compared to its plaque-purified wild-type counterpart possessing dominant R292 (93%, 14/15 clones). In Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, the plaque-purified A/Shanghai/1/2013-NAK292 virus exhibited no reduction in viral titer under conditions of increasing concentrations of oseltamivir carboxylate (range, 0 to 1,000 µM) whereas the replication of the plaque-purified A/Shanghai/1/2013-NAR292 and the A/Shanghai/2/2013 viruses was completely inhibited at 250 µM and 31.25 µM of oseltamivir carboxylate, respectively. Although the plaque-purified A/Shanghai/1/2013-NAK292 virus exhibited lower NA enzyme activity and a higher Km for 2'-(4-methylumbelliferryl)-α-d-N-acetylneuraminic acid than the wild-type A/Shanghai/1/2013-NAR292 virus, the A/Shanghai/1/2013-NAK292 virus formed large plaques and replicated efficiently in vitro. Our results confirmed that the NA R292K mutation confers resistance to oseltamivir, peramivir, and zanamivir in the novel human H7N9 viruses. Importantly, detection of the resistance phenotype may be masked in the clinical samples containing a mixed population of R/K at NA residue 292 in the enzyme-based NA inhibition assay. IMPORTANCE The neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir are currently the front-line therapeutic options against the novel H7N9 influenza viruses, which possess an S31N mutation that confers resistance to the M2 ion channel blockers. It is therefore important to evaluate the sensitivity of the clinical isolates to NA inhibitors and to monitor for the emergence of resistant variants. We characterized the A/Shanghai/1/2013 (H7N9) isolate which contained a mixed population of R/K at NA residue 292. While the clinical isolate exhibited a phenotype of sensitivity to NA inhibitors using the enzyme-based NA inhibition assay, the plaque-purified A/Shanghai/1/2013 virus with dominant K292 was resistant to zanamivir, peramivir, and oseltamivir. Resistance to NA inhibitors conferred by the R292K mutation in a human influenza virus H7N9 isolate can be masked by a mixed R/K viral population, and this should be taken into consideration while monitoring antiviral resistance in patients with H7N9 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.-L. Yen
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - K.-T. Choy
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - D. D. Y. Wong
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - P. P. H. Cheung
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - J. Zhou
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - I. H. Ng
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - R. J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - R. G. Webster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - J. S. M. Peiris
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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16
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Zhu H, Wang D, Kelvin DJ, Li L, Zheng Z, Yoon SW, Wong SS, Farooqui A, Wang J, Banner D, Chen R, Zheng R, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Hong W, Dong W, Cai Q, Roehrl MHA, Huang SSH, Kelvin AA, Yao T, Zhou B, Chen X, Leung GM, Poon LLM, Webster RG, Webby RJ, Peiris JSM, Guan Y, Shu Y. Infectivity, transmission, and pathology of human-isolated H7N9 influenza virus in ferrets and pigs. Science 2013; 341:183-6. [PMID: 23704376 DOI: 10.1126/science.1239844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the H7N9 influenza virus in humans in Eastern China has raised concerns that a new influenza pandemic could occur. Here, we used a ferret model to evaluate the infectivity and transmissibility of A/Shanghai/2/2013 (SH2), a human H7N9 virus isolate. This virus replicated in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of the ferrets and was shed at high titers for 6 to 7 days, with ferrets showing relatively mild clinical signs. SH2 was efficiently transmitted between ferrets via direct contact, but less efficiently by airborne exposure. Pigs were productively infected by SH2 and shed virus for 6 days but were unable to transmit the virus to naïve pigs or ferrets. Under appropriate conditions, human-to-human transmission of the H7N9 virus may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhu
- Joint Influenza Research Centre [Shantou University Medical College/University of Hong Kong], Shantou University, Shantou, PR China
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17
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Lee MY, Cheung CY, Peiris JSM. Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in H5N1 viral pathogenesis and the potential use of its inhibitors. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19 Suppl 4:29-35. [PMID: 23775184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), along with TNF-α and other proinflammatory cytokines, was hyperinduced in H5N1- infected macrophages in vitro and in epithelial cells of autopsied lung tissues of infected patients. 2. The COX-2 mediated amplification of the proinflammatory response is rapid, and the effects elicited by the H5N1-triggered proinflammatory cascade are broader than those arising from direct viral infection. 3. Selective COX-2 inhibitors suppress the H5N1- hyperinduced cytokines in the proinflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Lee
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Riley S, Cowling BJ, Chan KH, Peiris JSM, Leung GM. Viral evolution from one generation of human influenza infection to the next. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19 Suppl 4:6-10. [PMID: 23775179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1. In a sub-tropical epidemic, most of the apparent household secondary cases are actually secondary infections. 2. The consensus sequence for the entire influenza virus genome is not usually identical within the same household sample. Rather, there are commonly one or two nucleotide changes. 3. These results hint at an obvious generational threshold for adaptation at the level of the consensus sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Riley
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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19
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Cowling BJ, Chan KH, Peiris JSM, Riley S, Leung GM. Viral shedding, clinical history and transmission of influenza. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19 Suppl 4:19-23. [PMID: 23775182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1. During influenza infections, most viral shedding occurs within a few days of illness onset. 2. Children may be more infectious than adults because they shed more virus. 3. The degree of viral shedding (infectiousness) correlates with symptoms and tympanic temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Cowling
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 100 Cyberport Road, Hong Kong.
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20
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Chan MCW, Chan RWY, Tsao GSW, Peiris JSM. Replication and pathogenesis of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in polarised human bronchial and alveolar epithelium. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19 Suppl 4:24-28. [PMID: 23775183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1. In vitro models of polarised human respiratory epithelial cells were established to investigate the tropism and innate host responses of influenza A (H5N1 and H1N1) viruses. 2. Both viruses efficiently infected alveolar epithelial cells of both the apical and basolateral surfaces of the epithelium, whereas release of newly formed virus was mainly from the apical surface of the epithelium. 3. H5N1 virus was a more potent inducer of cytokines and chemokines in alveolar epithelial cells than H1N1 virus. Such chemokines were secreted onto both the apical and basolateral surfaces of the polarised alveolar epithelium. 4. In bronchial epithelium, the H5N1 virus replicated more efficiently and induced a stronger type I interferon response in the undifferentiated NHBE cells than did H1N1 virus. In contrast, in well-differentiated cultures, H5N1 virus replication was less efficient and elicited a lower interferon-beta response than did H1N1 virus. 5. Recombinant virus with vRNPs of a mammalian PB2 and an avian PB1 had the strongest polymerase activities, and replicated better in human cell cultures, especially at a high incubation temperature. These viruses were potent inducers of cytokines and chemokines in primary human alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C W Chan
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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21
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Lau YL, Peiris JSM, Law HKW. Role of dendritic cells in SARS coronavirus infection. Hong Kong Med J 2012; 18 Suppl 3:28-30. [PMID: 22865220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y L Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- J S M Peiris
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), P.R. China.
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23
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Wong CM, Peiris JSM, Yang L, Chan KP, Thach TQ, Lai HK, Lim WWL, Hedley AJ, He J, Chen P, Ou C, Deng A, Zhang X, Zhou D, Ma S, Chow A. Effect of influenza on cardiorespiratory and all-cause mortality in Hong Kong, Singapore and Guangzhou. Hong Kong Med J 2012; 18 Suppl 2:8-11. [PMID: 22311353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Using a common modelling approach, mortality attributable to influenza was higher in the two subtropical cities Guangzhou and Hong Kong than in the tropical city Singapore. 2. The virus activity appeared more synchronised in subtropical cities, whereas seasonality of influenza tended to be less marked in the tropical city. 3. High temperature was associated with increased mortality after influenza infection in Hong Kong, whereas relative humidity was an effect modifier for influenza in Guangzhou. No effect modification was found for Singapore. 4. Seasonal and environmental factors probably play a more important role than socioeconomic factors in regulating seasonality and disease burden of influenza. Further studies are needed in identifying the mechanism behind the regulatory role of environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wong
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
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24
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Jaume M, Yip MS, Kam YW, Cheung CY, Kien F, Roberts A, Li PH, Dutry I, Escriou N, Daeron M, Bruzzone R, Subbarao K, Peiris JSM, Nal B, Altmeyer R. SARS CoV subunit vaccine: antibody-mediated neutralisation and enhancement. Hong Kong Med J 2012; 18 Suppl 2:31-36. [PMID: 22311359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
1. A SARS vaccine was produced based on recombinant native full-length Spike-protein trimers (triSpike) and efficient establishment of a vaccination procedure in rodents. 2. Antibody-mediated enhancement of SARS-CoV infection with anti-SARS-CoV Spike immune-serum was observed in vitro. 3. Antibody-mediated infection of SARS-CoV triggers entry into human haematopoietic cells via an FcγR-dependent and ACE2-, pH-, cysteine-protease-independent pathways. 4. The antibody-mediated enhancement phenomenon is not a mandatory component of the humoral immune response elicited by SARS vaccines, as pure neutralising antibody only could be obtained. 5. Occurrence of immune-mediated enhancement of SARS-CoV infection raises safety concerns regarding the use of SARS-CoV vaccine in humans and enables new ways to investigate SARS pathogenesis (tropism and immune response deregulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jaume
- HKU-Pasteur Research Centre, 8 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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25
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Lee DCW, Law AHY, Hui K, Tam AHM, Peiris JSM, Lau ASY. Interferon dysregulation and virus-induced cell death in avian influenza H5N1 virus infections. Hong Kong Med J 2012; 18 Suppl 2:12-6. [PMID: 22311354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Hyper-induction of cytokines and chemokines was found in human blood macrophages infected with the avian influenza H5N1 and H9N2/G1 viruses, as compared to those infected with human influenza H1N1 virus. 2. IRF3 played a significant role in the hyperinduction of cytokines including IFN-β, IFN-λ1,IFN-α subtypes, MCP-1, and TNF-α, and also played a part in subsequent cytokine-induced cell signalling cascades. 3. Compared with H1N1 viruses, avian influenza viruses including H5N1/97 and its precursors triggered a caspase-mediated but delayed apoptotic response in human macrophages. 4. Therapies that can minimise immunopathology-associated dysregulation of innate immunity without impairing effective host defence may be valuable adjuncts to antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C W Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
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26
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Chiu SS, Chan KH, So LY, Chen R, Chan ELY, Peiris JSM. The population based socioeconomic burden of pediatric influenza-associated hospitalization in Hong Kong. Vaccine 2012; 30:1895-900. [PMID: 22222872 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We described the monetary and non-monetary cost incurred by children hospitalized for virologically confirmed influenza virus infection in a population-based prospective 3-year study. The mean direct and indirect cost of each child hospitalized was $1217.82 (95% CI, 1111.54-1324.23) and $1328.33 (95% CI, $1136.79-1520.00) for influenza A and B, respectively. School age patients took a mean (SD) of 4.70 (3.05) days and 5.31 (3.62) days of sick leave for influenza A and B infection, respectively. Pediatric influenza A and B hospitalization was associated with 662-1046 days of school absenteeism and 214-336 days of parental work loss per 10,000 population <18 years of age per year. We showed that the cost incurred by hospitalization alone, was comparable to the cost of annual universal pediatric influenza vaccination especially in children 6 months to under 6 years of age and vaccination would result in much larger cost-savings when non-monetary costs are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Chiu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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27
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Hui KPY, Lee SMY, Cheung CY, Mao H, Lai AKW, Chan RWY, Chan MCW, Tu W, Guan Y, Lau YL, Peiris JSM. H5N1 influenza virus-induced mediators upregulate RIG-I in uninfected cells by paracrine effects contributing to amplified cytokine cascades. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:1866-78. [PMID: 22013225 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses cause severe disease in humans, and dysregulation of cytokine responses is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of human H5N1 disease. However, mechanisms leading to the increased induction of proinflammatory cytokines by H5N1 viruses are poorly understood. We show that the innate sensing receptor RIG-I is involved in interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), NF-κB nuclear translocation, p38 activation, and the subsequent interferon (IFN) β, IFN-λ1, and tumor necrosis factor α induction during H5N1 infection. Soluble mediators from H5N1-infected human macrophages upregulate RIG-I, MDA5, and TLR3 to much higher levels than those from seasonal H1N1 in uninfected human macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells via paracrine IFNAR1/JAK but not IFN-λ receptor signaling. Compared with H1N1 virus-induced mediators, H5N1 mediators markedly enhance the cytokine response to PolyIC and to both seasonal and H5N1 virus infection in a RIG-I-dependent manner. Thus, sensitizing neighboring cells by upregulation of RIG-I contributes to the amplified cytokine cascades during H5N1 infection.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- DEAD Box Protein 58
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/immunology
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/metabolism
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/metabolism
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1
- Janus Kinases/immunology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Paracrine Communication/immunology
- Pulmonary Alveoli/immunology
- Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Signal Transduction
- Toll-Like Receptor 3/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenrie P Y Hui
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
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28
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Trevennec K, Chevalier V, Grosbois V, Garcia JM, Thu HH, Berthouly-Salazar C, Peiris JSM, Roger F. Looking for avian influenza in remote areas. A case study in Northern Vietnam. Acta Trop 2011; 120:160-6. [PMID: 21840292 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological surveys of avian influenza infections rarely focus on backyard poultry systems in remote locations because areas with low levels of poultry production are considered to have little influence on the emergence, re-emergence, persistence or spread of avian influenza viruses. In addition, routine disease investigations in remote areas often are neglected due to the lower availability and relatively high cost of veterinary services there. A bank of avian sera collected in 2005 from ethnic minority households in Ha Giang province (Northern Vietnam), located on the Chinese border, was analysed to estimate the seroprevalence of avian influenza virus (AIV) during a H5N1 epidemic and to identify potential risk factors for infection. The results suggest that the chicken population had been exposed to AIV with a seroprevalence rate of 7.2% [1.45; 10.5]. The H5 and H9 subtypes were identified with a seroprevalence of 3.25% [2.39; 4.11] and 1.12% [0.61; 1.63], respectively. The number of inhabitants in a village and the distance to the main national road were the most influential risk factors of AIV infection, and high-risk clusters were located along the road leading to China. These two results suggest a virus spread through commercial poultry exchanges and a possible introduction of AIV from southern China. Remote areas and small-scale farms may play an under-estimated role in the spread and persistence of AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Trevennec
- French Agricultural Research Center for International Development (CIRAD), Animal and Integrated Risk Management Research Unit, Baillarguet Campus, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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29
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Chan MCW, Chan RWY, Tsao GSW, Peiris JSM. Pathogenesis of SARS coronavirus infection using human lung epithelial cells: an in vitro model. Hong Kong Med J 2011; 17 Suppl 6:31-35. [PMID: 22147357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M C W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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30
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Lai JCC, Chan WWL, Nicholls JM, Peiris JSM, Garcia JM. Formation of virus-like particles from human cell lines exclusively expressing Influenza Neuraminidase. BMC Proc 2011. [DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s1-p66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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31
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Yen HL, Forrest H, Cheung P, Wong D, Li O, Krauss S, Ferguson A, Crumpton JC, Jones J, Choy T, Ma E, Poon LLM, Smith GJ, Nicholls J, Guan Y, Webster RG, Webby R, Peiris JSM. Transmissibility of pandemic H1N1 and genetically related swine influenza viruses in ferrets. BMC Proc 2011. [DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s1-p11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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32
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Lee SMY, Gai WW, Cheung TKW, Peiris JSM. Antiviral effect of a selective COX-2 inhibitor on H5N1 infection in vitro. Antiviral Res 2011; 91:330-4. [PMID: 21798291 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor has been previously shown to suppress the hyper-induced pro-inflammatory responses in H5N1 infected primary human cells. Here, we demonstrate that COX-2 inhibitors suppress H5N1 virus replication in human macrophages suggesting that H5N1 virus replication (more so than seasonal H1N1 virus) is dependent on activation of COX-2 dependent signaling pathways in host cells. COX-2 and its downstream signaling pathways deserve detailed investigation as a novel therapeutic target for treatment of H5N1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suki M Y Lee
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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33
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Chiu SS, Chan KH, Wong WHS, Chan ELY, Peiris JSM. Age-matched comparison of children hospitalized for 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza with those hospitalized for seasonal H1N1 and H3N2. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21837. [PMID: 21799750 PMCID: PMC3140491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A wide spectrum of clinical manifestation ranging from deaths to a mild course of disease has been reported in children infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza. Methodology/Major Findings We conducted an age-matched control study comparing children hospitalized for pH1N1 with historic controls infected with seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 influenza to correct for the effect of age on disease susceptibility and clinical manifestations. We also compared children with pH1N1 to children concurrently admitted for seasonal influenza during the pandemic period to adjust for differences in health-seeking behavior during the pandemic or other potential bias associated with historic controls. There was no death or intensive care admission. Children with pH1N1 were more likely to have at least one risk condition for influenza, an underlying chronic pulmonary condition, more likely to have asthma exacerbation and to be treated with oseltamivir. There was no difference in other aspects of the clinical course or outcome. Conclusion Disease manifestation of children hospitalized for pH1N1 infection was mild in our patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Chiu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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34
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Cowling BJ, Wu JT, Peiris JSM. Reply to Kok and Dwyer. Clin Infect Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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35
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Zhou Y, Ng DMW, Seto WH, Ip DKM, Kwok HKH, Ma ESK, Ng S, Lau LLH, Wu JT, Peiris JSM, Cowling BJ. Seroprevalence of antibody to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 among healthcare workers after the first wave in Hong Kong. J Hosp Infect 2011; 78:308-11. [PMID: 21501896 PMCID: PMC7132483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During the first wave of an influenza pandemic prior to the availability of an effective vaccine, healthcare workers (HCWs) may be at particular risk of infection with the novel influenza strain. We conducted a cross-sectional study of the prevalence of antibody to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (pH1N1) among HCWs in Hong Kong in February–March 2010 following the first pandemic wave. Sera collected from HCWs were tested for antibody to pH1N1 influenza virus by viral neutralisation (VN). We assessed factors associated with higher antibody titres, and we compared antibody titres in HCWs with those in a separate community study. In total we enrolled 703 HCWs. Among 599 HCWs who did not report receipt of pH1N1 vaccine, 12% had antibody titre ≥1:40 by VN. There were no significant differences in the age-specific proportions of unvaccinated HCWs with antibody titre ≥1:40 compared with the general community following the first wave of pH1N1. Under good adherence to infection control guidelines, potential occupational exposures in the hospital setting did not appear to be associated with any substantial excess risk of pH1N1 infection in HCWs. Most HCWs had low antibody titres following the first pandemic wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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36
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Lai JCC, Chan WWL, Nicholls JM, Peiris JSM, Garcia JM. Formation of virus-like particles from human cell lines exclusively expressing Influenza Neuraminidase. BMC Proc 2011; 5. [PMCID: PMC3019494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- JCC Lai
- HKU-Pasteur Research Centre, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - WWL Chan
- HKU-Pasteur Research Centre, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - JM Nicholls
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - JSM Peiris
- HKU-Pasteur Research Centre, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - JM Garcia
- HKU-Pasteur Research Centre, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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37
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Yen HL, Forrest H, Cheung P, Wong D, Li O, Krauss S, Ferguson A, Crumpton JC, Jones J, Choy T, Ma E, Poon LLM, Smith GJ, Nicholls J, Guan Y, Webster RG, Webby R, Peiris JSM. Transmissibility of pandemic H1N1 and genetically related swine influenza viruses in ferrets. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3019425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H-L Yen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR,HKU-Pasteur Research Center, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - H Forrest
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - P Cheung
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR,HKU-Pasteur Research Center, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - D Wong
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR,HKU-Pasteur Research Center, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - O Li
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - S Krauss
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - A Ferguson
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - JC Crumpton
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J Jones
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - T Choy
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR,HKU-Pasteur Research Center, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - E Ma
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - LLM Poon
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - GJ Smith
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - J Nicholls
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Y Guan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - RG Webster
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - R Webby
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - JSM Peiris
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR,HKU-Pasteur Research Center, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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38
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Wong CM, Vichit-Vadakan N, Vajanapoom N, Ostro B, Thach TQ, Chau PYK, Chan EKP, Chung RYN, Ou CQ, Yang L, Peiris JSM, Thomas GN, Lam TH, Wong TW, Hedley AJ, Kan H, Chen B, Zhao N, London SJ, Song G, Chen G, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Qian Z, He Q, Lin HM, Kong L, Zhou D, Liang S, Zhu Z, Liao D, Liu W, Bentley CM, Dan J, Wang B, Yang N, Xu S, Gong J, Wei H, Sun H, Qin Z. Part 5. Public health and air pollution in Asia (PAPA): a combined analysis of four studies of air pollution and mortality. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2010:377-418. [PMID: 21446215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, Asia has experienced rapid economic growth and a deteriorating environment caused by the increasing use of fossil fuels. Although the deleterious effects of air pollution from fossil-fuel combustion have been demonstrated in many Western nations, few comparable studies have been conducted in Asia. Time-series studies of daily mortality in Asian cities can contribute important new information to the existing body of knowledge about air pollution and health. Not only can these studies verify important health effects of air pollution in local regions in Asia, they can also help determine the relevance of existing air pollution studies to mortality and morbidity for policymaking and environmental controls. In addition, the studies can help identify factors that might modify associations between air pollution and health effects in various populations and environmental conditions. Collaborative multicity studies in Asia-especially when designed, conducted, and analyzed using a common protocol-will provide more robust air pollution effect estimates for the region as well as relevant, supportable estimates of local adverse health effects needed by environmental and public-health policymakers. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES The Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA*) project, sponsored by the Health Effects Institute, consisted of four studies designed to assess the effects of air pollution on mortality in four large Asian cities, namely Bangkok, in Thailand, and Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Wuhan, in China. In the PAPA project, a Common Protocol was developed based on methods developed and tested in NMMAPS, APHEA, and time-series studies in the literature to help ensure that the four studies could be compared with each other and with previous studies by following an established protocol. The Common Protocol (found at the end of this volume) is a set of prescriptive instructions developed for the studies and used by the investigators in each city. It is flexible enough to allow for adjustments in methods to optimize the fit of health-effects models to each city's data set. It provides the basis for generating reproducible results in each city and for meta-estimates from combined data. By establishing a common methodology, factors that might influence the differences in results from previous studies can more easily be explored. Administrative support was provided to ensure that the highest quality data were used in the analysis. It is anticipated that the PAPA results will contribute to the international scientific discussion of how to conduct and interpret time-series studies of air pollution and will stimulate the development of high-quality routine systems for recording daily deaths and hospital admissions for time-series analysis. METHODS Mortality data were retrieved from routine databases with underlying causes of death coded using the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision or 10th revision (ICD-9, ICD-10). Air quality measurements included nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < or = 10 microm (PM10), and ozone (O3) and were obtained from several fixed-site air monitoring stations that were located throughout the metropolitan areas of the four cities and that met the standards of procedures for quality assurance and quality control carried out by local government units in each city. Using the Common Protocol, an optimized core model was established for each city to assess the effects of each of the four air pollutants on daily mortality using generalized linear modeling with adjustments for time trend, seasonality, and other time-varying covariates by means of a natural-spline smoothing function. The models were adjusted to suit local situations by correcting for influenza activity, autocorrelation, and special weather conditions. Researchers in Hong Kong, for example, used influenza activity based on frequency of respiratory mortality; researchers in Hong Kong and Shanghai used autoregressive terms for daily outcomes at lag days; and researchers in Wuhan used additional smoothing for periods with extreme weather conditions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION For mortality due to all natural (nonaccidental) causes at all ages, the effects of air pollutants per 10-microg/m3 increase in concentration was found to be higher in Bangkok than in the three Chinese cities, with the exception of the effect of NO2 in Wuhan. The magnitude of the effects for cardiovascular and respiratory mortality were generally higher than for all natural mortality at all ages. In addition, the effects associated with PM10 and O3 in all natural, cardiovascular; and respiratory mortality were found to be higher in Bangkok than in the three Chinese cities. The explanation for these three findings might be related to consistently higher daily mean temperatures in Bangkok, variations in average time spent outdoors by the susceptible populations, and the fact that less air conditioning is available and used in Bangkok than in the other cities. However, when pollutant concentrations were incorporated into the excess risk estimates through the use of interquartile range (IQR), the excess risk was more comparable across the four cities. We found that the increases in effects among older age groups were greater in Bangkok than in the other three cities. After excluding data on extremely high concentrations of PM10 in Bangkok, the effect estimate associated with PM10 concentrations decreased in Bangkok (suggesting a convex relationship between risk and PM10, where risk levels off at high concentrations) instead of increasing, as it did in the other cities. This leveling off of effect estimates at high concentrations might be related to differences in vulnerability and exposure of the population to air pollution as well as to the sources of the air pollutant. IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY: The PAPA project is the first coordinated Asian multicity air pollution study ever published; this signifies the beginning of an era of cooperation and collaboration in Asia, with the development of a common protocol for coordination, data management, and analysis. The results of the study demonstrated that air pollution in Asia is a significant public health burden, especially given the high concentrations of pollutants and high-density populations in major cities. When compared with the effect estimates reported in the research literature of North America and Western Europe, the study's effect estimates for PM10 were generally similar and the effect estimates for gaseous pollutants were relatively higher. In Bangkok, however, a tropical city where total exposures to outdoor pollution might be higher than in most other cities, the observed effects were greater than those reported in the previous (i.e., Western) studies. In general, the results suggested that, even though social and environmental conditions across Asia might vary, it is still generally appropriate to apply to Asia the effect estimates for other health outcomes from previous studies in the West. The results also strongly support the adoption of the global air quality guidelines recently announced by WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wong
- Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F William MW Mong Block, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong
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Abstract
The emergence of pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza demonstrated that pandemic viruses could be generated in swine. Subsequent reintroduction of H1N1/2009 to swine has occurred in multiple countries. Through systematic surveillance of influenza viruses in swine from a Hong Kong abattoir, we characterize a reassortant progeny of H1N1/2009 with swine viruses. Swine experimentally infected with this reassortant developed mild illness and transmitted infection to contact animals. Continued reassortment of H1N1/2009 with swine influenza viruses could produce variants with transmissibility and altered virulence for humans. Global systematic surveillance of influenza viruses in swine is warranted.
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MESH Headings
- Abattoirs
- Animals
- Disease Outbreaks
- Genes, Viral
- Genotype
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hong Kong
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/transmission
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/veterinary
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Phylogeny
- Population Surveillance
- Reassortant Viruses/classification
- Reassortant Viruses/genetics
- Reassortant Viruses/isolation & purification
- Swine/virology
- Swine Diseases/epidemiology
- Swine Diseases/transmission
- Swine Diseases/virology
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. K. Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infections Diseases and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - O. T. W. Li
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infections Diseases and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C. L. Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infections Diseases and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - G. J. D. Smith
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infections Diseases and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J. S. M. Peiris
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infections Diseases and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y. Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infections Diseases and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ng YP, Lee SMY, Cheung TKW, Nicholls JM, Peiris JSM, Ip NY. Avian influenza H5N1 virus induces cytopathy and proinflammatory cytokine responses in human astrocytic and neuronal cell lines. Neuroscience 2010; 168:613-23. [PMID: 20398740 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has previously been reported that the avian H5N1 type of influenza A virus can be detected in neurons and astrocytes of human brains in autopsy cases. However, the underlying neuropathogenicity remains unexplored. In this study, we used differentiated human astrocytic and neuronal cell lines as models to examine the effect of H5N1 influenza A viral infection on the viral growth kinetics and immune responses of the infected cells. We found that the influenza virus receptors, sialic acid-alpha2,3-galactose and sialic acid-alpha2,6-galactose, were expressed on differentiated human astrocytic and neuronal cells. Both types of cells could be infected with H5N1 influenza A viruses, but progeny viruses were only produced from infected astrocytic cells but not neuronal cells. Moreover, increased expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and/or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA was detected in both astrocytic and neuronal cells at 6 and 24 h post-infection. To examine the biological consequences of such enhanced cytokine expression, differentiated astrocytic and neuronal cells were directly treated with these two cytokines. TNF-alpha treatment induced apoptosis, as well as proinflammatory cytokine, chemokine and inflammatory responses in differentiated astrocytic and neuronal cells. Taken together, our findings reveal that avian influenza H5N1 viruses can infect human astrocytic and neuronal cells, resulting in the induction of direct cellular damage and proinflammatory cytokine cascades. Our observations suggest that avian influenza H5N1 infection can trigger profound CNS injury, which may play an important role in the influenza viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, PR China
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41
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Chan KYK, Xu MS, Ching JCY, Chan VS, Ip YC, Yam L, Chu CM, Lai ST, So KM, Wong TY, Chung PH, Tam P, Yip SP, Sham P, Lin CL, Leung GM, Peiris JSM, Khoo US. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the CD209 (DC-SIGN) promoter with SARS severity. Hong Kong Med J 2010; 16:37-42. [PMID: 20864747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Y K Chan
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China
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42
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Leung GM, Ho LM, Lam TH, Hedley AJ, Peiris JSM. Prevalence of SARS-CoV antibody in all Hong Kong patient contacts. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15 Suppl 9:27-29. [PMID: 20393222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The near absence of transmission (seroprevalence=0.19%) resulting in asymptomatic infection in this representative high-risk group of close contacts indicates that the prevailing SARS-CoV strains in Hong Kong almost always led to clinically apparent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Leung
- Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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43
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Wong CM, Yang L, Chan E, Chan KH, Hedley AJ, Peiris JSM. Influenza-associated hospitalisation. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15 Suppl 9:35-37. [PMID: 20393224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The disease burden associated with influenza includes not only acute respiratory diseases but also cerebrovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wong
- Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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44
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Garcia JM, Pepin S, Lagarde N, Ma ESK, Vogel FR, Chan KH, Chiu SSS, Peiris JSM. Heterosubtype neutralizing responses to influenza A (H5N1) viruses are mediated by antibodies to virus haemagglutinin. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7918. [PMID: 19936250 PMCID: PMC2775912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is increasingly clear that influenza A infection induces cross-subtype neutralizing antibodies that may potentially confer protection against zoonotic infections. It is unclear whether this is mediated by antibodies to the neuraminidase (NA) or haemagglutinin (HA). We use pseudoviral particles (H5pp) coated with H5 haemagglutinin but not N1 neuraminidase to address this question. In this study, we investigate whether cross-neutralizing antibodies in persons unexposed to H5N1 is reactive to the H5 haemagglutinin. Methodology/Principal Findings We measured H5-neutralization antibody titers pre- and post-vaccination using the H5N1 micro-neutralization test (MN) and H5pp tests in subjects given seasonal vaccines and in selected sera from European elderly volunteers in a H5N1 vaccine trial who had detectable pre-vaccination H5N1 MN antibody titers. We found detectable (titer ≥20) H5N1 neutralizing antibodies in a minority of pre-seasonal vaccine sera and evidence of a serological response to H5N1 in others after seasonal influenza vaccination. There was excellent correlation in the antibody titers between the H5N1 MN and H5pp tests. Similar correlations were found between MN and H5pp in the pre-vaccine sera from the cohort of H5N1 vaccine trial recipients. Conclusions/Significance Heterosubtype neutralizing antibody to H5N1 in healthy volunteers unexposed to H5N1 is mediated by cross-reaction to the H5 haemagglutinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Garcia
- HKU-Pasteur Research Centre, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- * E-mail: (J-MG); (JSMP)
| | | | - Nadège Lagarde
- HKU-Pasteur Research Centre, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Edward S. K. Ma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | - Kwok H. Chan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Susan S. S. Chiu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - J. S. M. Peiris
- HKU-Pasteur Research Centre, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- * E-mail: (J-MG); (JSMP)
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45
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Peiris JSM, Cheung CY. The macrophage in the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15 Suppl 6:21-25. [PMID: 19801713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J S M Peiris
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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46
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Khoo US, Chan KY, Ching JCY, Chan VS, Ip YC, Yam L, Chu CM, Lai ST, So KM, Wong TY, Chung PH, Tam P, Yip SP, Sham P, Leung GM, Lin CL, Peiris JSM. Functional role of ICAM-3 polymorphism in genetic susceptibility to SARS infection. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15 Suppl 6:26-29. [PMID: 19801714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- U S Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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47
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Cheung PP, Leung YHC, Chow CK, Ng CF, Tsang CL, Wu YO, Ma SK, Sia SF, Guan Y, Peiris JSM. Identifying the species-origin of faecal droppings used for avian influenza virus surveillance in wild-birds. J Clin Virol 2009; 46:90-3. [PMID: 19604718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian influenza virus (AIV) surveillance in birds is important for public health. Faecal droppings from wild-birds are more readily available for such studies, but the inability to identify the species-origin of faecal samples limits their value. OBJECTIVES To develop, optimise, and field-test a method to simultaneously detect AIV and identify the species-origin from faecal samples. STUDY DESIGN Analytical sensitivity of the species-identification RT-PCR was assessed on serial dilutions of faecal droppings. Overall sensitivity of the methods for species-identification and AIV detection was assessed on 92 faecal and cloacal samples collected from wildlife, poultry markets, and experimentally H5N1-infected birds. RESULTS All 92 samples were correctly identified to 24 different species, with a detection limit of 2.8mug of faecal material. All 20 specimens previously shown by virus culture to be positive for influenza virus were correctly identified by RT-PCR for influenza A using the same nucleic-acid extracts used for species-identification. CONCLUSION We have optimised and evaluated a method for identifying the species of origin and detecting AIV from bird faecal droppings that can be applied to routine surveillance of influenza viruses in wild-birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Cheung
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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48
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Chan KH, Lai ST, Poon LLM, Guan Y, Yuen KY, Peiris JSM. Analytical sensitivity of rapid influenza antigen detection tests for swine-origin influenza virus (H1N1). J Clin Virol 2009; 45:205-7. [PMID: 19539521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel swine origin influenza virus (S-OIV) (H1N1) is spreading worldwide and threatens to become pandemic. OBJECTIVES Determine analytical sensitivity of selected commercially available rapid influenza antigen detection tests in detecting S-OIV H1N1. STUDY DESIGN Serial dilutions of two S-OIV isolates, one seasonal influenza A (H1N1) isolate and a nasopharyngeal aspirate from a patient with S-OIV disease were tested in five commercially available influenza antigen detection tests and by virus isolation in cell culture. Viral M gene copy number was determined by quantitative PCR methods. RESULTS The analytical sensitivity of the five influenza antigen detection tests for S-OIV (tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID(50)) log(10)3.3-4.7 was comparable with that of seasonal influenza (TCID(50) log(10)4.0-4.5). CONCLUSION The analytical sensitivity of the selected influenza A antigen detection tests for detection of S-IOV was comparable with that of seasonal influenza H1N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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49
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Nicholls JM, Peiris JSM, Guan Y. Sialic acid and receptor expression on the respiratory tract in normal subjects and H5N1 and non-avian influenza patients. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15:16-20. [PMID: 19509432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J M Nicholls
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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50
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Nicholls JM, Peiris JSM, Chan KH, Poon LM, Beh SLP. Occult respiratory viral infections in coronial autopsies: a pilot project. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15:13-15. [PMID: 19509431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J M Nicholls
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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