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Alarkawi D, Tran TS, Chen W, March LM, Blyth FM, Blank RD, Bliuc D, Center JR. Health Perceptions, Multimorbidity, and New Fractures and Mortality Among Patients With a Fracture. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e248491. [PMID: 38656574 PMCID: PMC11043901 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.8491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance A high proportion of patients who sustain a fracture have multimorbidity. However, the association of multimorbidity with postfracture adverse outcomes, such as subsequent fractures and premature mortality, has not been widely explored. Objective To examine the association of multimorbidity and self-rated health with subsequent fractures and mortality after fracture. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study included participants from New South Wales, Australia, in the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study (n = 267 357). Participants were recruited from July 2005 to December 2009 and followed up from the date of the incident fracture until subsequent fracture, death, or the end of the study (April 2017), whichever occurred first, with questionnaire data linked to hospital admission and medication records. Data analysis was reported between March and September 2023. Exposures Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score and self-rated health (SRH). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were subsequent fracture or mortality after an incident fracture. Associations between SRH measures and subsequent fracture and mortality were also assessed. All analyses were stratified by sex given the different fracture and mortality risk profiles of females and males. Results Of 25 280 adults who sustained incident fractures, 16 191 (64%) were female (mean [SD] age, 74 [12] years) and 9089 (36%) were male (mean [SD] age, 74 [13] years). During a median follow-up time of 2.8 years (IQR, 1.1-5.2 years), 2540 females (16%) and 1135 males (12%) sustained a subsequent fracture and 2281 females (14%) and 2140 males (24%) died without a subsequent fracture. Compared with a CCI score of less than 2, those with a CCI score of 2 to 3 had an increased risk of subsequent fracture (females: hazard ratio [HR], 1.16 [95% CI, 1.05-1.27]; males: HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.09-1.43]) and mortality (females: HR, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.99-2.40]; males: HR, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.71-2.09]). Those with a CCI score of 4 or greater had greater risks of subsequent fracture (females: HR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.12-1.58]; males: HR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.21-1.81]) and mortality (females: HR, 4.48 [95% CI, 3.97-5.06]; males: HR, 3.82 [95% CI 3.41-4.29]). Self-rated health was also significantly associated with subsequent fracture and mortality. Those reporting the poorest health and quality of life had the highest subsequent fracture risks, and their mortality risks were even higher. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, both CCI and SRH measures were associated with increased risk of subsequent fractures and mortality after fracture, underscoring the importance of managing the care of patients with comorbidities who sustain a fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunia Alarkawi
- Bone Epidemiology, Clinical and Translation Science Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thach S. Tran
- Bone Epidemiology, Clinical and Translation Science Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Bone Epidemiology, Clinical and Translation Science Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lyn M. March
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Clinical School, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona M. Blyth
- Clinical School, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert D. Blank
- Bone Epidemiology, Clinical and Translation Science Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dana Bliuc
- Bone Epidemiology, Clinical and Translation Science Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R. Center
- Bone Epidemiology, Clinical and Translation Science Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Wu AM, Cross M, Elliott JM, Culbreth GT, Haile LM, Steinmetz JD, Hagins H, Kopec JA, Brooks PM, Woolf AD, Kopansky-Giles DR, Walton DM, Treleaven JM, Dreinhoefer KE, Betteridge N, Abbasifard M, Abbasi-Kangevari Z, Addo IY, Adesina MA, Adnani QES, Aithala JP, Alhalaiqa FAN, Alimohamadi Y, Amiri S, Amu H, Antony B, Arabloo J, Aravkin AY, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Atomsa GH, Azadnajafabad S, Azzam AY, Baghdadi S, Balogun SA, Balta AB, Banach M, Banakar M, Barrow A, Bashiri A, Bekele A, Bensenor IM, Bhardwaj P, Bhat AN, Bilchut AH, Briggs AM, Buchbinder R, Cao C, Chaurasia A, Chirinos-Caceres JL, Christensen SWM, Coberly K, Cousin E, Dadras O, Dai X, de Luca K, Dehghan A, Dong HJ, Ekholuenetale M, Elhadi M, Eshetu HB, Eskandarieh S, Etaee F, Fagbamigbe AF, Fares J, Fatehizadeh A, Feizkhah A, Ferreira ML, Ferreira N, Fischer F, Franklin RC, Ganesan B, Gebremichael MA, Gerema U, Gholami A, Ghozy S, Gill TK, Golechha M, Goleij P, Golinelli D, Graham SM, Haj-Mirzaian A, Harlianto NI, Hartvigsen J, Hasanian M, Hassen MB, Hay SI, Hebert JJ, Heidari G, Hoveidaei AH, Hsiao AK, Ibitoye SE, Iwu CCD, Jacob L, Janodia MD, Jin Y, Jonas JB, Joshua CE, Kandel H, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khan EA, Khan MAB, Khatatbeh MM, Khateri S, Khayat Kashani HR, Khonji MS, Khubchandani J, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kolahi AA, Koohestani HR, Krishan K, Kuddus M, Kuttikkattu A, Lasrado S, Lee YH, Legesse SM, Lim SS, Liu X, Lo J, Malih N, Manandhar SP, Mathews E, Mesregah MK, Mestrovic T, Miller TR, Mirghaderi SP, Misganaw A, Mohammadi E, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Momtazmanesh S, Moni MA, Mostafavi E, Murray CJL, Nair TS, Nejadghaderi SA, Nzoputam OJ, Oh IH, Okonji OC, Owolabi MO, Pacheco-Barrios K, Pahlevan Fallahy MT, Park S, Patel J, Pawar S, Pedersini P, Peres MFP, Petcu IR, Pourahmadi M, Qattea I, Ram P, Rashidi MM, Rawaf S, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Saeed U, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Salahi S, Sawhney M, Schumacher AE, Shafie M, Shahabi S, Shahbandi A, Shamekh A, Sharma S, Shiri R, Shobeiri P, Sinaei E, Singh A, Singh JA, Singh P, Skryabina AA, Smith AE, Tabish M, Tan KK, Tegegne MD, Tharwat S, Vahabi SM, Valadan Tahbaz S, Vasankari TJ, Venketasubramanian N, Vollset SE, Wang YP, Wiangkham T, Yonemoto N, Zangiabadian M, Zare I, Zemedikun DT, Zheng P, Ong KL, Vos T, March LM. Global, regional, and national burden of neck pain, 1990-2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol 2024; 6:e142-e155. [PMID: 38383088 PMCID: PMC10897950 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neck pain is a highly prevalent condition that leads to considerable pain, disability, and economic cost. We present the most current estimates of neck pain prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) by age, sex, and location, with forecasted prevalence to 2050. METHODS Systematic reviews identified population-representative surveys used to estimate the prevalence of and YLDs from neck pain in 204 countries and territories, spanning from 1990 to 2020, with additional data from opportunistic review. Medical claims data from Taiwan (province of China) were also included. Input data were pooled using DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool. Prevalence was forecast to 2050 using a mixed-effects model using Socio-demographic Index as a predictor and multiplying by projected population estimates. We present 95% UIs for every metric based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of 100 draws of the posterior distribution. FINDINGS Globally, in 2020, neck pain affected 203 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 163-253) people. The global age-standardised prevalence rate of neck pain was estimated to be 2450 (1960-3040) per 100 000 population and global age-standardised YLD rate was estimated to be 244 (165-346) per 100 000. The age-standardised prevalence rate remained stable between 1990 and 2020 (percentage change 0·2% [-1·3 to 1·7]). Globally, females had a higher age-standardised prevalence rate (2890 [2330-3620] per 100 000) than males (2000 [1600-2480] per 100 000), with the prevalence peaking between 45 years and 74 years in male and female sexes. By 2050, the estimated global number of neck pain cases is projected to be 269 million (219-322), with an increase of 32·5% (23·9-42·3) from 2020 to 2050. Decomposition analysis of the projections showed population growth was the primary contributing factor, followed by population ageing. INTERPRETATION Although age-standardised rates of neck pain have remained stable over the past three decades, by 2050 the projected case numbers are expected to rise. With the highest prevalence in older adults (higher in females than males), a larger effect expected in low-income and middle-income countries, and a rapidly ageing global population, neck pain continues to pose a challenge in terms of disability burden worldwide. For future planning, it is essential we improve our mechanistic understanding of the different causes and risk factors for neck pain and prioritise the consistent collection of global neck pain data and increase the number of countries with data on neck pain. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health.
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Alarkawi D, Tran T, Chen W, March LM, Blyth FM, Blank RD, Bliuc D, Center JR. Denosumab and Mortality in a Real-World Setting: A Comparative Study. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1757-1770. [PMID: 37915252 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Denosumab (Dmab) is increasingly prescribed worldwide. Unlike bisphosphonates (BPs), its effect on mortality has yet to be well explored. This study examined the association between Dmab and all-cause mortality compared with no treatment in subjects with a fracture and BPs in subjects without a fracture. The study population was from the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study (n = 267,357), a prospective population-based cohort with questionnaire data linked to hospital admissions (Admitted Patients Data Collection [APDC] data were linked by the Centre for Health Record Linkage), medication records (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme [PBS] provided by Services Australia), and stored securely (secure data access was provided through the Sax Institute's Secure Unified Research Environment [SURE]). The new-user cohort design with propensity-score (PS) matching was implemented. In the fracture cohort, Dmab and oral BP users were matched 1:2 to no treatment (Dmab: 617 women, 154 men; oral BPs: 615 women, 266 men). In the no-fracture cohort, Dmab users were matched 1:1 with oral BPs and zoledronic acid (Zol) users (Dmab:oral BPs: 479 men, 1534 women; Dmab:Zol: 280 men, 625 women). Mortality risk was measured using sex-specific pairwise multivariable Cox models. In the fracture cohort, compared with no treatment, Dmab was associated with 48% lower mortality in women (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36-0.72) but not in men. Oral BPs were associated with 44% lower mortality in both sexes (women HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.42-0.77; men HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.40-0.78). In the no-fracture cohort, compared with BPs, Dmab was associated with 1.5- to 2.5-fold higher mortality than oral BPs (women HR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.13-1.98; men HR = 2.74; 95% CI 1.82-4.11) but similar mortality to Zol. Dmab in women and oral BPs were associated with lower post-fracture mortality than no treatment. However, Dmab users had generally higher mortality than oral BP users in those without fractures. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunia Alarkawi
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thach Tran
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lyn M March
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Clinical School, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - Fiona M Blyth
- Clinical School, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert D Blank
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dana Bliuc
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R Center
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Gill TK, Mittinty MM, March LM, Steinmetz JD, Culbreth GT, Cross M, Kopec JA, Woolf AD, Haile LM, Hagins H, Ong KL, Kopansky-Giles DR, Dreinhoefer KE, Betteridge N, Abbasian M, Abbasifard M, Abedi K, Adesina MA, Aithala JP, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi M, Al Thaher Y, Alalwan TA, Alzahrani H, Amiri S, Antony B, Arabloo J, Aravkin AY, Arumugam A, Aryal KK, Athari SS, Atreya A, Baghdadi S, Bardhan M, Barrero LH, Bearne LM, Bekele AB, Bensenor IM, Bhardwaj P, Bhatti R, Bijani A, Bordianu T, Bouaoud S, Briggs AM, Cheema HA, Christensen SWM, Chukwu IS, Clarsen B, Dai X, de Luca K, Desye B, Dhimal M, Do TC, Fagbamigbe AF, Farokh Forghani S, Ferreira N, Ganesan B, Gebrehiwot M, Ghashghaee A, Graham SM, Harlianto NI, Hartvigsen J, Hasaballah AI, Hasanian M, Hassen MB, Hay SI, Heidari M, Hsiao AK, Ilic IM, Jokar M, Khajuria H, Khan MJ, Khanal P, Khateri S, Kiadaliri A, Kim MS, Kisa A, Kolahi AA, Krishan K, Krishnamoorthy V, Landires I, Larijani B, Le TTT, Lee YH, Lim SS, Lo J, Madani SP, Malagón-Rojas JN, Malik I, Marateb HR, Mathew AJ, Meretoja TJ, Mesregah MK, Mestrovic T, Mirahmadi A, Misganaw A, Mohaghegh S, Mokdad AH, Momenzadeh K, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Moni MA, Moradi Y, Mostafavi E, Muhammad JS, Murray CJL, Muthu S, Nargus S, Nassereldine H, Neupane S, Niazi RK, Oh IH, Okati-Aliabad H, Oulhaj A, Pacheco-Barrios K, Park S, Patel J, Pawar S, Pedersini P, Peres MFP, Petcu IR, Petermann-Rocha FE, Poursadeqiyan M, Qattea I, Qureshi MF, Rafferty Q, Rahimi-Dehgolan S, Rahman M, Ramasamy SK, Rashedi V, Redwan EMM, Ribeiro DC, Roever L, Safary A, Sagoe D, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Sahebkar A, Salehi S, Shafaat A, Shahabi S, Sharma S, Shashamo BB, Shiri R, Singh A, Slater H, Smith AE, Sunuwar DR, Tabish M, Tharwat S, Ullah I, Valadan Tahbaz S, Vasankari TJ, Villafañe JH, Vollset SE, Wiangkham T, Yonemoto N, You Y, Zare I, Zheng P, Vos T, Brooks PM. Global, regional, and national burden of other musculoskeletal disorders, 1990-2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol 2023; 5:e670-e682. [PMID: 37927903 PMCID: PMC10620749 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal disorders include more than 150 different conditions affecting joints, muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and the spine. To capture all health loss from death and disability due to musculoskeletal disorders, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) includes a residual musculoskeletal category for conditions other than osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, low back pain, and neck pain. This category is called other musculoskeletal disorders and includes, for example, systemic lupus erythematosus and spondylopathies. We provide updated estimates of the prevalence, mortality, and disability attributable to other musculoskeletal disorders and forecasted prevalence to 2050. Methods Prevalence of other musculoskeletal disorders was estimated in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020 using data from 68 sources across 23 countries from which subtraction of cases of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, low back pain, neck pain, and gout from the total number of cases of musculoskeletal disorders was possible. Data were analysed with Bayesian meta-regression models to estimate prevalence by year, age, sex, and location. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were estimated from prevalence and disability weights. Mortality attributed to other musculoskeletal disorders was estimated using vital registration data. Prevalence was forecast to 2050 by regressing prevalence estimates from 1990 to 2020 with Socio-demographic Index as a predictor, then multiplying by population forecasts. Findings Globally, 494 million (95% uncertainty interval 431-564) people had other musculoskeletal disorders in 2020, an increase of 123·4% (116·9-129·3) in total cases from 221 million (192-253) in 1990. Cases of other musculoskeletal disorders are projected to increase by 115% (107-124) from 2020 to 2050, to an estimated 1060 million (95% UI 964-1170) prevalent cases in 2050; most regions were projected to have at least a 50% increase in cases between 2020 and 2050. The global age-standardised prevalence of other musculoskeletal disorders was 47·4% (44·9-49·4) higher in females than in males and increased with age to a peak at 65-69 years in male and female sexes. In 2020, other musculoskeletal disorders was the sixth ranked cause of YLDs globally (42·7 million [29·4-60·0]) and was associated with 83 100 deaths (73 600-91 600). Interpretation Other musculoskeletal disorders were responsible for a large number of global YLDs in 2020. Until individual conditions and risk factors are more explicitly quantified, policy responses to this burden remain a challenge. Temporal trends and geographical differences in estimates of non-fatal disease burden should not be overinterpreted as they are based on sparse, low-quality data. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Black RJ, Cross M, Haile LM, Culbreth GT, Steinmetz JD, Hagins H, Kopec JA, Brooks PM, Woolf AD, Ong KL, Kopansky-Giles DR, Dreinhoefer KE, Betteridge N, Aali A, Abbasifard M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abdurehman AM, Abedi A, Abidi H, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abu-Zaid A, Adamu K, Addo IY, Adesina MA, Adnani QES, Afzal MS, Ahmed A, Aithala JP, Akhlaghdoust M, Alemayehu A, Alvand S, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Amu H, Antony B, Arabloo J, Aravkin AY, Arulappan J, Ashraf T, Athari SS, Azadnajafabad S, Badawi A, Baghcheghi N, Baig AA, Balta AB, Banach M, Banik PC, Barrow A, Bashiri A, Bearne LM, Bekele A, Bensenor IM, Berhie AY, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj P, Bhat AN, Bhojaraja VS, Bitaraf S, Bodicha BBA, Botelho JS, Briggs AM, Buchbinder R, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Charalampous P, Chattu VK, Coberly K, Cruz-Martins N, Dadras O, Dai X, de Luca K, Dessalegn FN, Dessie G, Dhimal M, Digesa LE, Diress M, Doku PN, Edinur HA, Ekholuenetale M, Elhadi M, El-Sherbiny YM, Etaee F, Ezzeddini R, Faghani S, Filip I, Fischer F, Fukumoto T, Ganesan B, Gebremichael MA, Gerema U, Getachew ME, Ghashghaee A, Gill TK, Gupta B, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Halwani R, Hannan MA, Haque S, Harlianto NI, Harorani M, Hasaballah AI, Hassen MB, Hay SI, Hayat K, Heidari G, Hezam K, Hill CL, Hiraike Y, Horita N, Hoveidaei AH, Hsiao AK, Hsieh E, Hussain S, Iavicoli I, Ilic IM, Islam SMS, Ismail NE, Iwagami M, Jakovljevic M, Jani CT, Jeganathan J, Joseph N, Kadashetti V, Kandel H, Kanko TK, Karaye IM, Khajuria H, Khan MJ, Khan MAB, Khanali J, Khatatbeh MM, Khubchandani J, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kolahi AA, Kompani F, Koohestani HR, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Kuddus M, Kumar N, Kuttikkattu A, Larijani B, Lim SS, Lo J, Machado VS, Mahajan PB, Majeed A, Malakan Rad E, Malik AA, Mansournia MA, Mathews E, Mendes JJ, Mentis AFA, Mesregah MK, Mestrovic T, Mirghaderi SP, Mirrakhimov EM, Misganaw A, Mohamadkhani A, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Moniruzzaman M, Montasir AA, Mulu GB, Murillo-Zamora E, Murray CJL, Mustafa G, Naghavi M, Nair TS, Naqvi AA, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Neupane S, Nguyen CT, Niazi RK, Nzoputam OJ, Oh IH, Okati-Aliabad H, Okonji OC, Olufadewa II, Owolabi MO, Pacheco-Barrios K, Padubidri JR, Patel J, Pathan AR, Pawar S, Pedersini P, Perianayagam A, Petcu IR, Qattea I, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Rahman MHU, Rahmanian V, Rashedi V, Rashidi MM, Ratan ZA, Rawaf S, Razeghinia MS, Redwan EMM, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Riad A, Saad AMA, Saddik B, Saeed U, Safary A, Sahebazzamani M, Sahebkar A, Sahoo H, Salek Farrokhi A, Saqib MAN, Seylani A, Shahabi S, Shaikh MA, Shashamo BB, Shetty A, Shetty JK, Shigematsu M, Shivarov V, Shobeiri P, Sibhat MM, Sinaei E, Singh A, Singh JA, Singh P, Singh S, Siraj MS, Skryabina AA, Slater H, Smith AE, Solomon Y, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Tabish M, Tan KK, Tat NY, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tharwat S, Tovani-Palone MR, Tusa BS, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valdez PR, Valizadeh R, Vaziri S, Vollset SE, Wu AM, Yada DY, Yehualashet SS, Yonemoto N, You Y, Yunusa I, Zangiabadian M, Zare I, Zarrintan A, Zhang ZJ, Zhong C, Zoladl M, Vos T, March LM. Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis, 1990-2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol 2023; 5:e594-e610. [PMID: 37795020 PMCID: PMC10546867 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease associated with disability and premature death. Up-to-date estimates of the burden of rheumatoid arthritis are required for health-care planning, resource allocation, and prevention. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we provide updated estimates of the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and its associated deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age, sex, year, and location, with forecasted prevalence to 2050. Methods Rheumatoid arthritis prevalence was estimated in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020 using Bayesian meta-regression models and data from population-based studies and medical claims data (98 prevalence and 25 incidence studies). Mortality was estimated from vital registration data with the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm). Years of life lost (YLL) were calculated with use of standard GBD lifetables, and years lived with disability (YLDs) were estimated from prevalence, a meta-analysed distribution of rheumatoid arthritis severity, and disability weights. DALYs were calculated by summing YLLs and YLDs. Smoking was the only risk factor analysed. Rheumatoid arthritis prevalence was forecast to 2050 by logistic regression with Socio-Demographic Index as a predictor, then multiplying by projected population estimates. Findings In 2020, an estimated 17·6 million (95% uncertainty interval 15·8-20·3) people had rheumatoid arthritis worldwide. The age-standardised global prevalence rate was 208·8 cases (186·8-241·1) per 100 000 population, representing a 14·1% (12·7-15·4) increase since 1990. Prevalence was higher in females (age-standardised female-to-male prevalence ratio 2·45 [2·40-2·47]). The age-standardised death rate was 0·47 (0·41-0·54) per 100 000 population (38 300 global deaths [33 500-44 000]), a 23·8% (17·5-29·3) decrease from 1990 to 2020. The 2020 DALY count was 3 060 000 (2 320 000-3 860 000), with an age-standardised DALY rate of 36·4 (27·6-45·9) per 100 000 population. YLDs accounted for 76·4% (68·3-81·0) of DALYs. Smoking risk attribution for rheumatoid arthritis DALYs was 7·1% (3·6-10·3). We forecast that 31·7 million (25·8-39·0) individuals will be living with rheumatoid arthritis worldwide by 2050. Interpretation Rheumatoid arthritis mortality has decreased globally over the past three decades. Global age-standardised prevalence rate and YLDs have increased over the same period, and the number of cases is projected to continue to increase to the year 2050. Improved access to early diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis globally is required to reduce the future burden of the disease. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health.
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Steinmetz JD, Culbreth GT, Haile LM, Rafferty Q, Lo J, Fukutaki KG, Cruz JA, Smith AE, Vollset SE, Brooks PM, Cross M, Woolf AD, Hagins H, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abedi A, Ackerman IN, Amu H, Antony B, Arabloo J, Aravkin AY, Argaw AM, Artamonov AA, Ashraf T, Barrow A, Bearne LM, Bensenor IM, Berhie AY, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhojaraja VS, Bijani A, Briant PS, Briggs AM, Butt NS, Charan J, Chattu VK, Cicuttini FM, Coberly K, Dadras O, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, de Luca K, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal M, Dianatinasab M, Dreinhoefer KE, Elhadi M, Farooque U, Farpour HR, Filip I, Fischer F, Freitas M, Ganesan B, Gemeda BNB, Getachew T, Ghamari SH, Ghashghaee A, Gill TK, Golechha M, Golinelli D, Gupta B, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Haddadi R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Halwani R, Hamidi S, Hanif A, Harlianto NI, Haro JM, Hartvigsen J, Hay SI, Hebert JJ, Heidari G, Hosseini MS, Hosseinzadeh M, Hsiao AK, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Jacob L, Jayawardena R, Jha RP, Jonas JB, Joseph N, Kandel H, Karaye IM, Khan MJ, Kim YJ, Kolahi AA, Korzh O, Koteeswaran R, Krishnamoorthy V, Kumar GA, Kumar N, Lee SW, Lim SS, Lobo SW, Lucchetti G, Malekpour MR, Malik AA, Mandarano-Filho LGG, Martini S, Mentis AFA, Mesregah MK, Mestrovic T, Mirrakhimov EM, Misganaw A, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mokdad AH, Momtazmanesh S, Morrison SD, Murray CJL, Nassereldine H, Netsere HB, Neupane Kandel S, Owolabi MO, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Pawar S, Pedersini P, Pereira J, Radfar A, Rashidi MM, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawassizadeh R, Rayegani SM, Ribeiro D, Roever L, Saddik B, Sahebkar A, Salehi S, Sanchez Riera L, Sanmarchi F, Santric-Milicevic MM, Shahabi S, Shaikh MA, Shaker E, Shannawaz M, Sharma R, Sharma S, Shetty JK, Shiri R, Shobeiri P, Silva DAS, Singh A, Singh JA, Singh S, Skou ST, Slater H, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Starodubova AV, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valdez PR, Vo B, Vu LG, Wang YP, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yonemoto N, Yunusa I, March LM, Ong KL, Vos T, Kopec JA. Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990-2020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol 2023; 5:e508-e522. [PMID: 37675071 PMCID: PMC10477960 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis in adults, characterised by chronic pain and loss of mobility. Osteoarthritis most frequently occurs after age 40 years and prevalence increases steeply with age. WHO has designated 2021-30 the decade of healthy ageing, which highlights the need to address diseases such as osteoarthritis, which strongly affect functional ability and quality of life. Osteoarthritis can coexist with, and negatively effect, other chronic conditions. Here we estimate the burden of hand, hip, knee, and other sites of osteoarthritis across geographies, age, sex, and time, with forecasts of prevalence to 2050. Methods In this systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study, osteoarthritis prevalence in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020 was estimated using data from population-based surveys from 26 countries for knee osteoarthritis, 23 countries for hip osteoarthritis, 42 countries for hand osteoarthritis, and US insurance claims for all of the osteoarthritis sites, including the other types of osteoarthritis category. The reference case definition was symptomatic, radiographically confirmed osteoarthritis. Studies using alternative definitions from the reference case definition (for example self-reported osteoarthritis) were adjusted to reference using regression models. Osteoarthritis severity distribution was obtained from a pooled meta-analysis of sources using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index. Final prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights to calculate years lived with disability (YLDs). Prevalence was forecast to 2050 using a mixed-effects model. Findings Globally, 595 million (95% uncertainty interval 535-656) people had osteoarthritis in 2020, equal to 7·6% (95% UI 6·8-8·4) of the global population, and an increase of 132·2% (130·3-134·1) in total cases since 1990. Compared with 2020, cases of osteoarthritis are projected to increase 74·9% (59·4-89·9) for knee, 48·6% (35·9-67·1) for hand, 78·6% (57·7-105·3) for hip, and 95·1% (68·1-135·0) for other types of osteoarthritis by 2050. The global age-standardised rate of YLDs for total osteoarthritis was 255·0 YLDs (119·7-557·2) per 100 000 in 2020, a 9·5% (8·6-10·1) increase from 1990 (233·0 YLDs per 100 000, 109·3-510·8). For adults aged 70 years and older, osteoarthritis was the seventh ranked cause of YLDs. Age-standardised prevalence in 2020 was more than 5·5% in all world regions, ranging from 5677·4 (5029·8-6318·1) per 100 000 in southeast Asia to 8632·7 (7852·0-9469·1) per 100 000 in high-income Asia Pacific. Knee was the most common site for osteoarthritis. High BMI contributed to 20·4% (95% UI -1·7 to 36·6) of osteoarthritis. Potentially modifiable risk factors for osteoarthritis such as recreational injury prevention and occupational hazards have not yet been explored in GBD modelling. Interpretation Age-standardised YLDs attributable to osteoarthritis are continuing to rise and will lead to substantial increases in case numbers because of population growth and ageing, and because there is no effective cure for osteoarthritis. The demand on health systems for care of patients with osteoarthritis, including joint replacements, which are highly effective for late stage osteoarthritis in hips and knees, will rise in all regions, but might be out of reach and lead to further health inequity for individuals and countries unable to afford them. Much more can and should be done to prevent people getting to that late stage. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health.
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Mittinty MM, Elliott JM, Hunter DJ, Nicholas MK, March LM, Mittinty MN. Explaining the gap in the experience of depression among arthritis patients. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:1227-1233. [PMID: 34993727 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-06010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explain the factors contributing to the gap in depression between employed arthritis patients with and without paid sick leave. METHODS Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis was used to identify factors that explain the gap in the experience of depressive symptoms among arthritis patients with paid and unpaid sick leave. Data from the 2018 National Health Interview Survey, USA, was used. RESULTS A total of 7189 of the NHIS survey participants given the diagnosis of arthritis were identified, of which 39% were male and 61% were female, with mean age of 63.5 years. The decomposition findings suggest patients in the unpaid sick leave group were more likely to report depressive symptoms compared to patients with paid sick leave. The major contributors to the gap in the report of depressive symptoms are sex (female) and annual income (less than 35,000 USD). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the absence of paid sick leave is a key determinant for experiencing depressive symptoms among individuals with arthritis. The provision of paid sick leave may reduce report of depressive symptoms among employed arthritis patients in the USA. KEY POINTS • Individuals with arthritis are consistently at greater risk of depression and unemployment as compared to individuals without arthritis. • To date greater emphasis is put on determinants of unemployment, while there is no available data on benefits associated with being employed, such as sick leave, and how it affects mental health. • Patients with unpaid sick leave appear to experience more persistent depressive symptoms than patients with access to paid sick leave. • To tackle burden of depression among arthritis patients, provision of paid sick leave may be an effective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi M Mittinty
- Pain Management Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, PMRI, St. Leonards, Reserve Road, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia.
| | - James M Elliott
- Kolling Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
| | - David J Hunter
- Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Sydney, 2065, Australia
| | - Michael K Nicholas
- Pain Management Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, PMRI, St. Leonards, Reserve Road, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Lyn M March
- Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Sydney, 2065, Australia
| | - Murthy N Mittinty
- Better Start Group, School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
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James SL, Castle CD, Dingels ZV, Fox JT, Hamilton EB, Liu Z, S Roberts NL, Sylte DO, Henry NJ, LeGrand KE, Abdelalim A, Abdoli A, Abdollahpour I, Abdulkader RS, Abedi A, Abosetugn AE, Abushouk AI, Adebayo OM, Agudelo-Botero M, Ahmad T, Ahmed R, Ahmed MB, Eddine Aichour MT, Alahdab F, Alamene GM, Alanezi FM, Alebel A, Alema NM, Alghnam SA, Al-Hajj S, Ali BA, Ali S, Alikhani M, Alinia C, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Almasi-Hashiani A, Almasri NA, Altirkawi K, Abdeldayem Amer YS, Amini S, Loreche Amit AM, Andrei CL, Ansari-Moghaddam A, T Antonio CA, Yaw Appiah SC, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Arefi Z, Aremu O, Ariani F, Arora A, Asaad M, Asghari B, Awoke N, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayano G, Ayanore MA, Azari S, Azarian G, Badawi A, Badiye AD, Bagli E, Baig AA, Bairwa M, Bakhtiari A, Balachandran A, Banach M, Banerjee SK, Banik PC, Banstola A, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen TW, Barrero LH, Barzegar A, Bayati M, Baye BA, Bedi N, Behzadifar M, Bekuma TT, Belete H, Benjet C, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Berhe K, Bhardwaj P, Bhat AG, Bhattacharyya K, Bibi S, Bijani A, Bin Sayeed MS, Borges G, Borzì AM, Boufous S, Brazinova A, Briko NI, Budhathoki SS, Car J, Cárdenas R, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Catalá-López F, Cerin E, Chandan JS, Chanie WF, Chattu SK, Chattu VK, Chatziralli I, Chaudhary N, Cho DY, Kabir Chowdhury MA, Chu DT, Colquhoun SM, Constantin MM, Costa VM, Damiani G, Daryani A, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Demeke FM, Demis AB, Demoz GT, Demsie DG, Derakhshani A, Deribe K, Desai R, Nasab MD, da Silva DD, Dibaji Forooshani ZS, Doyle KE, Driscoll TR, Dubljanin E, Adema BD, Eagan AW, Eftekhari A, Ehsani-Chimeh E, Sayed Zaki ME, Elemineh DA, El-Jaafary SI, El-Khatib Z, Ellingsen CL, Emamian MH, Endalew DA, Eskandarieh S, Faris PS, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fatahi Y, Fekadu W, Ferede TY, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes E, Ferrara P, Feyissa GT, Filip I, Fischer F, Folayan MO, Foroutan M, Francis JM, Franklin RC, Fukumoto T, Geberemariyam BS, Gebre AK, Gebremedhin KB, Gebremeskel GG, Gebremichael B, Gedefaw GA, Geta B, Ghafourifard M, Ghamari F, Ghashghaee A, Gholamian A, Gill TK, Goulart AC, Grada A, Grivna M, Mohialdeen Gubari MI, Guimarães RA, Guo Y, Gupta G, Haagsma JA, Hafezi-Nejad N, Bidgoli HH, Hall BJ, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Haro JM, Hasan MM, Hasanzadeh A, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Hassen HY, Havmoeller R, Hayat K, Hendrie D, Heydarpour F, Híjar M, Ho HC, Hoang CL, Hole MK, Holla R, Hossain N, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc S, Hu G, Ibitoye SE, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic I, Ilic MD, Inbaraj LR, Indriasih E, Naghibi Irvani SS, Shariful Islam SM, Islam MM, Ivers RQ, Jacobsen KH, Jahani MA, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Jalilian F, Jayaraman S, Jayatilleke AU, Jha RP, John-Akinola YO, Jonas JB, Joseph N, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Jungari SB, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kadel R, Kahsay A, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamil TA, Kanchan T, Kapoor N, Karami M, Kasaeian A, Kassaye HG, Kavetskyy T, Kebede HK, Keiyoro PN, Kelbore AG, Kelkay B, Khader YS, Khafaie MA, Khalid N, Khalil IA, Khalilov R, Khammarnia M, Khan EA, Khan M, Khanna T, Khazaie H, Shadmani FK, Khundkar R, Kiirithio DN, Kim YE, Kim D, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Komaki H, M Kondlahalli SK, Korshunov VA, Koyanagi A, G Kraemer MU, Krishan K, Bicer BK, Kugbey N, Kumar V, Kumar N, Kumar GA, Kumar M, Kumaresh G, Kurmi OP, Kuti O, Vecchia CL, Lami FH, Lamichhane P, Lang JJ, Lansingh VC, Laryea DO, Lasrado S, Latifi A, Lauriola P, Leasher JL, Huey Lee SW, Lenjebo TL, Levi M, Li S, Linn S, Liu X, Lopez AD, Lotufo PA, Lunevicius R, Lyons RA, Madadin M, El Razek MMA, Mahotra NB, Majdan M, Majeed A, Malagon-Rojas JN, Maled V, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Manafi N, Manafi A, Manda AL, Manjunatha N, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Maravilla JC, March LM, Mason-Jones AJ, Masoumi SZ, Massenburg BB, Maulik PK, Meles GG, Melese A, Melketsedik ZA, N Memiah PT, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha MB, Mengesha MM, Meretoja TJ, Meretoja A, Merie HE, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Miller TR, Mini GK, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Mithra P, Moazen B, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohamadi E, Mohammad Y, Mohammad KA, Darwesh AM, Gholi Mezerji NM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani M, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed S, Mohammed JA, Mohebi F, Molokhia M, Monasta L, Moodley Y, Moosazadeh M, Moradi M, Moradi G, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradpour F, Morawska L, Velásquez IM, Morisaki N, Morrison SD, Mossie TB, Muluneh AG, Murthy S, Musa KI, Mustafa G, Nabhan AF, Nagarajan AJ, Naik G, Naimzada MD, Najafi F, Nangia V, Nascimento BR, Naserbakht M, Nayak V, Ndwandwe DE, Negoi I, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CT, Thi Nguyen HL, Nikbakhsh R, Anggraini Ningrum DN, Nnaji CA, Nyasulu PS, Ogbo FA, Oghenetega OB, Oh IH, Okunga EW, Olagunju AT, Olagunju TO, Bali AO, Onwujekwe OE, Asante KO, Orpana HM, Ota E, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, A MP, Padubidri JR, Pakhale S, Pakshir K, Panda-Jonas S, Park EK, Patel SK, Pathak A, Pati S, Patton GC, Paulos K, Peden AE, Filipino Pepito VC, Pereira J, Pham HQ, Phillips MR, Pinheiro M, Polibin RV, Polinder S, Poustchi H, Prakash S, Angga Pribadi DR, Puri P, Syed ZQ, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rafiee A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi S, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman MA, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Rajati F, Rakovac I, Ranganathan K, Rao SJ, Rashedi V, Rastogi P, Rathi P, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Renjith V, N Renzaho AM, Resnikoff S, Rezapour A, Ribeiro AI, Rickard J, Rios González CM, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Saad AM, Sabde YD, Sabour S, Saddik B, Safari S, Safari-Faramani R, Safarpour H, Safdarian M, Sajadi SM, Salamati P, Salehi F, Zahabi SS, Rashad Salem MR, Salem H, Salman O, Salz I, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Riera LS, Santric Milicevic MM, Sarker AR, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sawhney M, Sawyer SM, Saxena S, Sayyah M, Schwebel DC, Seedat S, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Seyedmousavi S, Sha F, Shaahmadi F, Shahabi S, Shaikh MA, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsizadeh M, Sharif-Alhoseini M, Sharifi H, Sheikh A, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shiri R, Siabani S, Sigfusdottir ID, Singh PK, Singh JA, Sinha DN, Smarandache CG, R Smith EU, Soheili A, Soleymani B, Soltanian AR, Soriano JB, Sorrie MB, Soyiri IN, Stein DJ, Stokes MA, Sufiyan MB, Rasul Suleria HA, Sykes BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabb KM, Taddele BW, Tadesse DB, Tamiru AT, Tarigan IU, Tefera YM, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tekle MG, Tekulu GH, Tesema AK, Tesfay BE, Thapar R, Tilahune AB, Tlaye KG, Tohidinik HR, Topor-Madry R, Tran BX, Tran KB, Tripathy JP, Tsai AC, Car LT, Ullah S, Ullah I, Umar M, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Uthman OA, Valdez PR, Vasankari TJ, Venketasubramanian N, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Waheed Y, Weldesamuel GT, Werdecker A, Wiangkham T, Wolde HF, Woldeyes DH, Wondafrash DZ, Wondmeneh TG, Wondmieneh AB, Wu AM, Yadav R, Yadollahpour A, Yano Y, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yip P, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Youm Y, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yu Y, Yu C, Yusefzadeh H, Moghadam TZ, Zaidi Z, Zaman SB, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zandian H, Zarei A, Zare F, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Y, Zodpey S, Dandona L, Dandona R, Degenhardt L, Dharmaratne SD, Hay SI, Mokdad AH, Reiner RC, Sartorius B, Vos T. Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Inj Prev 2020; 26:i96-i114. [PMID: 32332142 PMCID: PMC7571366 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. METHODS We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). FINDINGS In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). INTERPRETATION Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer L James
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris D Castle
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zachary V Dingels
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jack T Fox
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin B Hamilton
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zichen Liu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas L S Roberts
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dillon O Sylte
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Henry
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kate E LeGrand
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Amir Abdoli
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ibrahim Abdollahpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Aidin Abedi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Oladimeji M Adebayo
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Marcela Agudelo-Botero
- School of Medicine Center for Politics, Population and Health Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tauseef Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University Nanjing, Nanjing, China
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Rushdia Ahmed
- James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Fares Alahdab
- Evidence Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Fahad Mashhour Alanezi
- Department of Computer Sciences, Imam Abdulrehman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Animut Alebel
- Department of Nursing, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | | | - Suliman A Alghnam
- Department of Population Health Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Al-Hajj
- Faculty of Health Sciences - Health Management and Policy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- British Columbia Injury Research Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali
- Medical Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ishik University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Information Systems, College of Economics and Political Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mahtab Alikhani
- School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Department of Health Services Management, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cyrus Alinia
- Department of Health Care Management and Economics, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vahid Alipour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Economics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Syed Mohamed Aljunid
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
- International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | | | - Nihad A Almasri
- Physiotherapy Department, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Yasser Sami Abdeldayem Amer
- Clinical Practice Guidelines Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Alexandria Center for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Saeed Amini
- Health Services Management Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Arianna Maever Loreche Amit
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Online Programs for Applied Learning, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Carl Abelardo T Antonio
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jalal Arabloo
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Arab-Zozani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zohreh Arefi
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olatunde Aremu
- School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Filippo Ariani
- Regional Centre for the Analysis of Data on Occupational and Work-related Injuries and Diseases, Local Health Unit Tuscany Centre, Florence, Italy
| | - Amit Arora
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malke Asaad
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Babak Asghari
- Department of Microbiology, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Azad Tabriz University, Iran
| | - Nefsu Awoke
- Department of Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla
- The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- General Office for Research and Technological Transfer, Peruvian National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru
| | - Getinet Ayano
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Martin Amogre Ayanore
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Samad Azari
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Azarian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alaa Badawi
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashish D Badiye
- Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
| | - Eleni Bagli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Atif Amin Baig
- Biochemistry Unit, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
- School of Health Sciences, Univeristi Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohan Bairwa
- Institute of Health Management Research, Indian Institute of Health Management Research University, Jaipur, India
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ahad Bakhtiari
- Health Policy And Management Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arun Balachandran
- Department of Demography, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Population Research Centre, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bengaluru, India
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Palash Chandra Banik
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amrit Banstola
- Department of Research, Public Health Perspective Nepal, Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan City, Nepal
| | | | - Till Winfried Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lope H Barrero
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Pontifical Javeriana University, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Akbar Barzegar
- Occupational Health Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bayati
- Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Neeraj Bedi
- Department of Community Medicine, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, Bhopal, India
- Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masoud Behzadifar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Habte Belete
- Department of Psychiatry, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Corina Benjet
- Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Reseach, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Derrick A Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Isabela M Bensenor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kidanemaryam Berhe
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Pankaj Bhardwaj
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | - Anusha Ganapati Bhat
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Krittika Bhattacharyya
- Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
- Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sadia Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Bijani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Guilherme Borges
- Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Reseach, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Maria Borzì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Soufiane Boufous
- Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Department, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Nikolay Ivanovich Briko
- Department of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Josip Car
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Global eHealth Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rosario Cárdenas
- Department of Population and Health, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela
- Colombian National Health Observatory, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia
- Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Giulio Castelpietra
- Primary Care Services Area, Central Health Directorate, Region Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Ferrán Catalá-López
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joht S Chandan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Irini Chatziralli
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, Haidari, Greece
- Ophthalmology Private Practice Office, Independent Consultant, Athens, Greece
| | - Neha Chaudhary
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Youngwhan Cho
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Samantha M Colquhoun
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Action, ACT, Australia
| | - Maria-Magdalena Constantin
- Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- 2nd Department of Dermatology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vera M Costa
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Giovanni Damiani
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | | | - Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis
- Department of Nursing, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
- School of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Teklemariam Demoz
- School of Pharmacy, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
- Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Kebede Deribe
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rupak Desai
- Division of Cardiology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kerrie E Doyle
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim Robert Driscoll
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Bereket Duko Adema
- Public Health Department, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
- Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Arielle Wilder Eagan
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Social Services, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Ehsani-Chimeh
- National Institute for Health Researches, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Ziad El-Khatib
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- World Health Programme, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Lycke Ellingsen
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohammad Hassan Emamian
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | | | - Sharareh Eskandarieh
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pawan Sirwan Faris
- Biology Department, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
- Biology and Biotechnolaniogy"L Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andre Faro
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wubalem Fekadu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tomas Y Ferede
- Nursing Department, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad
- Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Pietro Ferrara
- Research Centre on Public Health (CESP), University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Garumma Tolu Feyissa
- Department of Health Education & Behavioral Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Irina Filip
- Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, USA
- School of Health Sciences, A T Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Florian Fischer
- Department of Population Medicine and Health Services Research, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Masoud Foroutan
- Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Joel Msafiri Francis
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard Charles Franklin
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Royal Life Saving Society, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Takeshi Fukumoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Gene Expression & Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Getnet Azeze Gedefaw
- Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Geta
- Department of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mansour Ghafourifard
- Department of Medical Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Ghamari
- Occupational Health Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghashghaee
- Department of Health Services Management, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asadollah Gholamian
- Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Tiffany K Gill
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alessandra C Goulart
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ayman Grada
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michal Grivna
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Rafael Alves Guimarães
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD), World Health Organization (WHO), New Delhi, India
| | - Juanita A Haagsma
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nima Hafezi-Nejad
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Brian James Hall
- Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Randah R Hamadeh
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Samer Hamidi
- School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Research and Development Unit, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
| | - Amir Hasanzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hadi Hassankhani
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Independent Consultant, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Yimam Hassen
- Department of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia
- Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Rasmus Havmoeller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Khezar Hayat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Delia Hendrie
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Heydarpour
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Martha Híjar
- Research Coordination, AC Environments Foundation, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- CISS, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Linh Hoang
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Michael K Hole
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Naznin Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Industrial Gases Limited, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Computer Science Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Sorin Hostiuc
- Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Legal Medicine Department, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | | | - Irena Ilic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena D Ilic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Endang Indriasih
- Center for Health Resource and Services Research and Development, National Institute of Health Research & Development, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Mofizul Islam
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Q Ivers
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathryn H Jacobsen
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | | | - Nader Jahanmehr
- School of Management and Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mihajlo Jakovljevic
- Department for Health Care and Public Health, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Farzad Jalilian
- Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sudha Jayaraman
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Achala Upendra Jayatilleke
- Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ravi Prakash Jha
- Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nitin Joseph
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | | | - Mikk Jürisson
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ali Kabir
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajendra Kadel
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Amaha Kahsay
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Leila R Kalankesh
- Department of Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rohollah Kalhor
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Teshome Abegaz Kamil
- School of Public Health, Department of Health Informatics and Health Innovation, A C S Medical College and Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Neeti Kapoor
- Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
| | - Manoochehr Karami
- Department of Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Kasaeian
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Taras Kavetskyy
- Department of Applied Physics, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Drohobych, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - Bayew Kelkay
- Department of Midwifery, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yousef Saleh Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nauman Khalid
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim A Khalil
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rovshan Khalilov
- Department of Physiology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Mohammad Khammarnia
- Health Care Management, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, zahedan, Iran
| | - Ejaz Ahmad Khan
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maseer Khan
- Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tripti Khanna
- Department of Health Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Ethics, Jawahar Lal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Habibolah Khazaie
- Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Roba Khundkar
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University Global Surgery Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daniel Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yun Jin Kim
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Adnan Kisa
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sezer Kisa
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hamidreza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Brain Engineering Research Center, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov
- Department of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- CIBERSAM, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Moritz U G Kraemer
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kewal Krishan
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Burcu Kucuk Bicer
- Department of Public Health, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuworza Kugbey
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Psychology and Health Promotion, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - G Anil Kumar
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | - Manasi Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Girikumar Kumaresh
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Om P Kurmi
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Oluwatosin Kuti
- Health and Nutrition Section, United Nations Childrens' Fund (UNICEF), Accra, Ghana
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Faris Hasan Lami
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Justin J Lang
- Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Van C Lansingh
- HelpMeSee, New York, NY, USA
- International Relations, Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology, Queretaro, Mexico
| | | | - Savita Lasrado
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | - Arman Latifi
- Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Paolo Lauriola
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Janet L Leasher
- College of Optometry, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Shaun Wen Huey Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Miriam Levi
- Regional Centre for the Analysis of Data on Occupational and Work-related Injuries and Diseases, Local Health Unit Tuscany Centre, Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shai Linn
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alan D Lopez
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raimundas Lunevicius
- Department of General Surgery, Aintree University Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ronan A Lyons
- Health Data Research UK, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Mohammed Madadin
- College of Medicine, Pathology Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Marek Majdan
- Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeadran N Malagon-Rojas
- Public Health Research Department, National Health Institute Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Faculty of Medicine, El Bosque University, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Venkatesh Maled
- Health Education and Research Department, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Dharwad, India
- Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Deborah Carvalho Malta
- Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Navid Manafi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Ophthalmology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Amir Manafi
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ana-Laura Manda
- Surgery Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Narayana Manjunatha
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Joemer C Maravilla
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lyn M March
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi
- Department of Midwifery-Reproductive Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Benjamin Ballard Massenburg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pallab K Maulik
- Research Department, The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Addisu Melese
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Peter T N Memiah
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Walter Mendoza
- Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru
| | - Ritesh G Menezes
- Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meresa Berwo Mengesha
- College of Health Science, Department of Midwifery, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | | | - Tuomo J Meretoja
- Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Atte Meretoja
- Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Tomislav Mestrovic
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, ZoraProfozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia
- University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
| | - Bartosz Miazgowski
- Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Miazgowski
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases & Arterial Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ted R Miller
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, MD, USA
| | - G K Mini
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
- Global Institute of Public Health (GIPH), Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Centre, Trivandrum, India
| | - Andreea Mirica
- Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
- President's Office, National Institute of Statistics Romania, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Erkin M Mirrakhimov
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh
- Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Babak Moazen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Addiction Research (ISFF), Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Masoud Moghadaszadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Efat Mohamadi
- Health Equity Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Mohammad
- Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Aso Mohammad Darwesh
- Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | | | | | - Milad Mohammadoo-Khorasani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | | | - Shafiu Mohammed
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Farnam Mohebi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iran National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mariam Molokhia
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - Yoshan Moodley
- Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoud Moradi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ghobad Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Moradpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Naho Morisaki
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Shane Douglas Morrison
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Atalay Goshu Muluneh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Srinivas Murthy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kamarul Imran Musa
- School of Medical Sciences, Science University of Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Pulmonology, Institute of Mother & Child Care, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf F Nabhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Knowledge Translation and Utilization, Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Egypt
| | - Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan
- Research and Analytics, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India
- Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India
| | - Gurudatta Naik
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mukhammad David Naimzada
- Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kursk, Russia
| | - Farid Najafi
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Bruno Ramos Nascimento
- Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Morteza Naserbakht
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vinod Nayak
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Ionut Negoi
- Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Cuong Tat Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Rajan Nikbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum
- Public Health Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kota Semarang, Indonesia
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chukwudi A Nnaji
- Cochrane Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter S Nyasulu
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Felix Akpojene Ogbo
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Onome Bright Oghenetega
- Reproductive Health Sciences, Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - In-Hwan Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, South Korea
| | | | - Andrew T Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Tinuke O Olagunju
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed Omar Bali
- Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Obinna E Onwujekwe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Kwaku Oppong Asante
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Discipline of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Heather M Orpana
- Applied Research Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Erika Ota
- Department of Global Health Nursing, St Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Nikita Otstavnov
- Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Academic department, Unium Ltd, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav S Otstavnov
- Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Project Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mahesh P A
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | | | - Smita Pakhale
- Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa ON, Canada
| | - Keyvan Pakshir
- Parasitology and Mycology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Eun-Kee Park
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sangram Kishor Patel
- Research and Evaluation, Population Council, New Delhi, India
- Indian Institute of Health Management Research University Delhi, Jaipur, India
| | - Ashish Pathak
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatircs, RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - George C Patton
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Population Health Theme, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kebreab Paulos
- Department of Midwifery, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Amy E Peden
- Royal Life Saving Society, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jeevan Pereira
- Department of Orthopedics, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | - Hai Quang Pham
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Michael R Phillips
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Marina Pinheiro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roman V Polibin
- Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Sechenon University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Suzanne Polinder
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Swayam Prakash
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Parul Puri
- Department of Population Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Zahiruddin Quazi Syed
- Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Radfar
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, A T Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Anwar Rafay
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ata Rafiee
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alireza Rafiei
- Department of Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Rahimi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Fatemeh Rajati
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ivo Rakovac
- European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization (WHO), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sowmya J Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
| | - Vahid Rashedi
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Tehran, Iran
| | - Prateek Rastogi
- Forensic Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Priya Rathi
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Salman Rawaf
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Academic Public Health Department, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Lal Rawal
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQ University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Reza Rawassizadeh
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Vishnu Renjith
- Neurology Department, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Andre M N Renzaho
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Aziz Rezapour
- Organization for the Prevention of Blindness, Paris, France
| | - Ana Isabel Ribeiro
- EPIUnit - Public Health Institute University Porto (ISPUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jennifer Rickard
- Surgery Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Surgery Department, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Carlos Miguel Rios González
- Research Directorate, Nihon Gakko University, Fernando de la Mora, Paraguay
- Research Direction, Universidad Nacional de Caaguazú, Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay
| | - Luca Ronfani
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Anas M Saad
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yogesh Damodar Sabde
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Siamak Sabour
- Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Basema Saddik
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Safari
- Emergency Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Safari-Faramani
- Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Safarpour
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Safdarian
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Payman Salamati
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhonde Salehi
- Taleghani Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saleh Salehi Zahabi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Research Deputy, Taleghani Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Hosni Salem
- Department of Urology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar Salman
- Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Global Health Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Inbal Salz
- Health and Disability Intelligence Group, Ministry of Health, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Abdallah M Samy
- Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Juan Sanabria
- Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lidia Sanchez Riera
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Syndey, NSW, Australia
| | - Milena M Santric Milicevic
- Institute of Social Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Centre-School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Abdur Razzaque Sarker
- Health Economics, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arash Sarveazad
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Brijesh Sathian
- Surgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Monika Sawhney
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sonia Saxena
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mehdi Sayyah
- Faculty member of Education Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - David C Schwebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Sadaf G Sepanlou
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Feng Sha
- Center for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Faramarz Shaahmadi
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Morteza Shamsizadeh
- Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharifi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jae Il Shin
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, South Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Soraya Siabani
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Inga Dora Sigfusdottir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jasvinder A Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dhirendra Narain Sinha
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India
- Department of Epidemiology, Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Catalin-Gabriel Smarandache
- 2nd Department of Surgery-SUUB, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- 2nd Surgery Department, Bucharest Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emma U R Smith
- Pain Management Research Institute (PMRI), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Michael J Cousins Pain Management & Research Centre, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Amin Soheili
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
- Emergency Nursing Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bija Soleymani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- Department of Biostatistics, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Joan B Soriano
- Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ireneous N Soyiri
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull City, UK
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark A Stokes
- Department of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Bryan L Sykes
- Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen M Tabb
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Biruk Wogayehu Taddele
- Department of Public Health, Arbaminch College of Health Sciences, Arbaminch town sikela, Ethiopia
| | - Degena Bahrey Tadesse
- Department of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
- Axum College of Health Science, mekelle, Ethiopia
| | | | - Ingan Ukur Tarigan
- Center for Health Resource and Services Research and Development, National Institute of Health Research & Development, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yonatal Mesfin Tefera
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | | | | | - Hamid Reza Tohidinik
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Roman Topor-Madry
- Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- The Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khanh Bao Tran
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Clinical Hematology and Toxicology, Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jaya Prasad Tripathy
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
| | - Alexander C Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Lorainne Tudor Car
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Saif Ullah
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, A T Still University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
- TB Culture Laboratory, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Maida Umar
- Research Department, National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Era Upadhyay
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Pascual R Valdez
- Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Velez Sarsfield Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian
- Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francesco S Violante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vasily Vlassov
- Department of Health Care Administration and Economics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Andrea Werdecker
- Demographic Change and Ageing Research Area, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Center of Population and Health, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Taweewat Wiangkham
- Department of Physical Therapy, Naresuan University, Meung District, Thailand
| | - Haileab Fekadu Wolde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Habte Woldeyes
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacology, Addis Ababa University, Addis ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Adam Belay Wondmieneh
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Nursing, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rajaram Yadav
- Department of Population Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Ali Yadollahpour
- Medical Physics Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada
| | - Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi
- Health Services Management Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Paul Yip
- Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Engida Yisma
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Naohiro Yonemoto
- Department of Psychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seok-Jun Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosik Youm
- Department of Sociology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mustafa Z Younis
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zabihollah Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health, Academy of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Yong Yu
- School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hasan Yusefzadeh
- Department of Health Care Management and Economics, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
| | - Telma Zahirian Moghadam
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zoubida Zaidi
- Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria
| | - Sojib Bin Zaman
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammad Zamani
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Zamanian
- Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hamed Zandian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Community Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ahmad Zarei
- Department of Environment Health Engineering, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zare
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhi-Jiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanjay Zodpey
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | - Lalit Dandona
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rakhi Dandona
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Simon I Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ali H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert C Reiner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benn Sartorius
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Theo Vos
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Nielsen SM, Storgaard H, Ellingsen T, Shea BJ, Wells GA, Welch VA, Furst DE, de Wit M, Voshaar M, Juhl CB, Boers M, Escorpizo R, Woodworth TG, Boonen A, Bliddal H, March LM, Tugwell P, Christensen R. Population characteristics as important contextual factors in rheumatological trials: an exploratory meta-epidemiological study from an OMERACT Working Group. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1269-1276. [PMID: 32606042 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore whether trial population characteristics modify treatment responses across various interventions, comparators and rheumatic conditions. METHODS In this meta-epidemiological study, we included trials from systematic reviews available from the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group published up to 23 April 2019 in Cochrane Library with meta-analyses of five or more randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published from year 2000. From trial reports, we extracted data on 20 population characteristics. For characteristics with sufficient data (ie, available for ≥2/3 of the trials), we performed multilevel meta-epidemiological analyses. RESULTS We identified 19 eligible systematic reviews contributing 187 RCTs (212 comparisons). Only age and sex were explicitly reported in ≥2/3 of the trials. Using information about the country of the trials led to sufficient data for five further characteristics, that is, 7 out of 20 (35%) protocolised characteristics were analysed. The meta-regressions showed effect modification by economic status, place of residence, and, nearly, from healthcare system (explaining 4.8%, 0.9% and 1.5% of the between-trial variation, respectively). No effect modification was demonstrated from age, sex, patient education/health literacy or predominant religion. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the scarce reporting of most population characteristics, hampering investigation of their impact with meta-research. Our sparse results suggest that place of residence (ie, continent of the trial), economic status (based on World Bank classifications) and healthcare system (based on WHO index for health system performance) may be important in explaining the variation in treatment response across trials. There is an urgent need for consistent reporting of important population characteristics in trials. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019127642.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Mai Nielsen
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark .,Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helene Storgaard
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torkell Ellingsen
- Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Beverley J Shea
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - George A Wells
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivian Andrea Welch
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel E Furst
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maarten de Wit
- OMERACT Patient Research Partner, Zaltbommel, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Voshaar
- Department Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Bogh Juhl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev & Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Maarten Boers
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reuben Escorpizo
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.,Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Thasia G Woodworth
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Annelies Boonen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), 6229 ER Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Bliddal
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lyn M March
- Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin Christensen
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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10
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Smith TO, Mansfield M, Hawker GA, Hunter DJ, March LM, Boers M, Shea BJ, Christensen R, Guillemin F, Terwee CB, Williamson PR, Roos EM, Loeser RF, Schnitzer TJ, Kloppenburg M, Neogi T, Ladel CH, Kalsi G, Kaiser U, Buttel TW, Ashford AE, Mobasheri A, Arden NK, Tennant A, Hochberg MC, de Wit M, Tugwell P, Conaghan PG. Uptake of the OMERACT-OARSI Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis Core Outcome Set: Review of Randomized Controlled Trials from 1997 to 2017. J Rheumatol 2019; 46:976-980. [PMID: 30824657 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.181066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the uptake of the OMERACT-OARSI (Outcome Measures in Rheumatology- Osteoarthritis Research Society International) core outcome set (COS) domains in hip and/or knee osteoarthritis (OA) trials. METHODS There were 382 trials of hip and/or knee OA identified from the ClinicalTrial.gov registry from 1997 to 2017. Frequency of COS adoption was assessed by year and per 5-yearly phases. RESULTS COS adoption decreased from 61% between 1997 and 2001 to 38% between 2012 and 2016. Pain (95%) and physical function (86%) were most consistently adopted. Patient's global assessment (48%) was the principal missing domain. CONCLUSION Limited adoption of the COS domains indicates that further consideration to improve uptake is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby O Smith
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Michael Mansfield
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - David J Hunter
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Lyn M March
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Maarten Boers
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Beverley J Shea
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Robin Christensen
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Francis Guillemin
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Caroline B Terwee
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Paula R Williamson
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Ewa M Roos
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Richard F Loeser
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Thomas J Schnitzer
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Tuhina Neogi
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Christoph H Ladel
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Gurdyal Kalsi
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Ulrike Kaiser
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Thomas W Buttel
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Anne E Ashford
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Nigel K Arden
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Alan Tennant
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Marc C Hochberg
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Maarten de Wit
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Peter Tugwell
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Philip G Conaghan
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC.
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Smith TO, Hawker GA, Hunter DJ, March LM, Boers M, Shea BJ, Christensen R, Guillemin F, Terwee CB, Williamson PR, Dodd S, Roos EM, Loeser RF, Schnitzer TJ, Kloppenburg M, Neogi T, Ladel CH, Kalsi G, Kaiser U, Buttel TW, Ashford AE, Mobasheri A, Arden NK, Tennant A, Hochberg MC, de Wit M, Tugwell P, Conaghan PG. The OMERACT-OARSI Core Domain Set for Measurement in Clinical Trials of Hip and/or Knee Osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 2019; 46:981-989. [PMID: 30647185 PMCID: PMC10753652 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.181194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To update the 1997 OMERACT-OARSI (Outcome Measures in Rheumatology-Osteoarthritis Research Society International) core domain set for clinical trials in hip and/or knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS An initial review of the COMET database of core outcome sets (COS) was undertaken to identify all domains reported in previous COS including individuals with hip and/or knee OA. These were presented during 5 patient and health professionals/researcher meetings in 3 continents (Europe, Australasia, North America). A 3-round international Delphi survey was then undertaken among patients, healthcare professionals, researchers, and industry representatives to gain consensus on key domains to be included in a core domain set for hip and/or knee OA. Findings were presented and discussed in small groups at OMERACT 2018, where consensus was obtained in the final plenary. RESULTS Four previous COS were identified. Using these, and the patient and health professionals/researcher meetings, 50 potential domains formed the Delphi survey. There were 426 individuals from 25 different countries who contributed to the Delphi exercise. OMERACT 2018 delegates (n = 129) voted on candidate domains. Six domains gained agreement as mandatory to be measured and reported in all hip and/or knee OA clinical trials: pain, physical function, quality of life, and patient's global assessment of the target joint, in addition to the mandated core domain of adverse events including mortality. Joint structure was agreed as mandatory in specific circumstances, i.e., depending on the intervention. CONCLUSION The updated core domain set for hip and/or knee OA has been agreed upon. Work will commence to determine which outcome measurement instrument should be recommended to cover each core domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby O Smith
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - David J Hunter
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Lyn M March
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Maarten Boers
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Beverley J Shea
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Robin Christensen
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Francis Guillemin
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Caroline B Terwee
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Paula R Williamson
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Susanna Dodd
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Ewa M Roos
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Richard F Loeser
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Thomas J Schnitzer
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Tuhina Neogi
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Christoph H Ladel
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Gurdyal Kalsi
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Ulrike Kaiser
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Thomas W Buttel
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Anne E Ashford
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Nigel K Arden
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Alan Tennant
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Marc C Hochberg
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Maarten de Wit
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Peter Tugwell
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Philip G Conaghan
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre.
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Beaton DE, Maxwell LJ, Shea BJ, Wells GA, Boers M, Grosskleg S, Bingham CO, Conaghan PG, D’Agostino MA, de Wit MP, Gossec L, March LM, Simon LS, Singh JA, Strand V, Tugwell P. Instrument Selection Using the OMERACT Filter 2.1: The OMERACT Methodology. J Rheumatol 2019; 46:1028-1035. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.181218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Filter 2.1 revised the process used for core outcome measurement set selection to add rigor and transparency in decision making. This paper describes OMERACT’s methodology for instrument selection.Methods.We presented instrument selection processes, tools, and reporting templates at OMERACT 2018, introducing the concept of “3 pillars, 4 questions, 7 measurement properties, 1 answer.” Truth, discrimination, and feasibility are the 3 original OMERACT pillars. Based on these, we developed 4 signaling questions. We introduced the Summary of Measurement Properties table that summarizes the 7 measurement properties: truth (domain match, construct validity), discrimination [test-retest reliability, longitudinal construct validity (responsiveness), clinical trial discrimination, thresholds of meaning], and feasibility. These properties address a set of standards which, when met, answer the one question: Is there enough evidence to support the use of this instrument in clinical research of the benefits and harms of treatments in the population and study setting described? The OMERACT Filter 2.1 was piloted on 2 instruments by the Psoriatic Arthritis Working Group.Results.The methodology was reviewed in a full plenary session and facilitated breakout groups. Tools to facilitate retention of the process (i.e., “The OMERACT Way”) were provided. The 2 instruments were presented, and the recommendation of the working group was endorsed in the first OMERACT Filter 2.1 Instrument Selection votes.Conclusion.Instrument selection using OMERACT Filter 2.1 is feasible and is now being implemented.
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Abstract
To summarize the current understanding of the global burden of musculoskeletal pain-related conditions, consider the process of evidence generation and the steps to generate global pain estimates, identify key gaps in our understanding, and propose an agenda to address these gaps, we performed a narrative review. In the 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), which broadened the scope of musculoskeletal conditions that were included over previous rounds, low back pain imposed the highest disability burden of all specific conditions assessed, and subsequent GBD reports further reinforce the size of this burden. Over the past decade, the GBD has produced compelling evidence of the leading contribution of musculoskeletal pain conditions to the global burden of disability, but this has not translated into global health policy initiatives. However, system- and service-level responses to the disease burden persist across high-, middle-, and low-income settings. There is a mismatch between the burden of musculoskeletal pain conditions and appropriate health policy response and planning internationally that can be addressed with an integrated research and policy agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Blyth
- Fiona M. Blyth is with the Centre for Education and Research on Aging, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Andrew M. Briggs is with the School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia. Carmen Huckel Schneider is with the Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney. Damian G. Hoy and Lyn M. March are with the Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Northern Clinical School and the Florance and Cope Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney
| | - Andrew M Briggs
- Fiona M. Blyth is with the Centre for Education and Research on Aging, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Andrew M. Briggs is with the School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia. Carmen Huckel Schneider is with the Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney. Damian G. Hoy and Lyn M. March are with the Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Northern Clinical School and the Florance and Cope Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney
| | - Carmen Huckel Schneider
- Fiona M. Blyth is with the Centre for Education and Research on Aging, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Andrew M. Briggs is with the School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia. Carmen Huckel Schneider is with the Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney. Damian G. Hoy and Lyn M. March are with the Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Northern Clinical School and the Florance and Cope Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney
| | - Damian G Hoy
- Fiona M. Blyth is with the Centre for Education and Research on Aging, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Andrew M. Briggs is with the School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia. Carmen Huckel Schneider is with the Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney. Damian G. Hoy and Lyn M. March are with the Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Northern Clinical School and the Florance and Cope Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney
| | - Lyn M March
- Fiona M. Blyth is with the Centre for Education and Research on Aging, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Andrew M. Briggs is with the School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia. Carmen Huckel Schneider is with the Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney. Damian G. Hoy and Lyn M. March are with the Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Northern Clinical School and the Florance and Cope Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney
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Chen W, Simpson JM, March LM, Blyth FM, Bliuc D, Tran T, Nguyen TV, Eisman JA, Center JR. Comorbidities Only Account for a Small Proportion of Excess Mortality After Fracture: A Record Linkage Study of Individual Fracture Types. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:795-802. [PMID: 29314242 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nonhip, nonvertebral (NHNV) fractures constitute the majority of osteoporotic fractures, but few studies have examined the association between these fractures, comorbidity, and mortality. Our objective was to examine the relationship between individual nonhip, nonvertebral fractures, comorbidities, and mortality. The prospective population-based cohort of 267,043 subjects (45 and Up Study, Australia) had baseline questionnaires linked to hospital administrative and all-cause mortality data from 2006 to 2013. Associations between fracture and mortality were examined using multivariate, time-dependent Cox models, adjusted for age, prior fracture, body mass index, smoking, and comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, thrombosis, and cancer), and survival function curves. Population attributable fraction was calculated for each level of risk exposure. During 1,490,651 person-years, women and men experienced 7571 and 4571 fractures and 7064 deaths and 11,078 deaths, respectively. In addition to hip and vertebral fractures, pelvis, humerus, clavicle, rib, proximal tibia/fibula, elbow and distal forearm fractures in both sexes, and ankle fractures in men were associated with increased multivariable-adjusted mortality hazard ratios ranging from 1.3 to 3.4. Comorbidity independently added to mortality such that a woman with a humeral fracture and 1 comorbidity had a similarly reduced 5-year survival as that of a woman with a hip fracture and no comorbidities. Population mortality attributable to any fracture without comorbidity was 9.2% in women and 5.3% in men. All proximal nonhip, nonvertebral fractures in women and men were associated with increased mortality risk. Coexistent comorbidities independently further increased mortality. Population attributable risk for mortality for fractures was similar to cardiovascular disease and diabetes, highlighting their importance and potential benefit for early intervention and treatment. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Chen
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Judy M Simpson
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lyn M March
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Clinical School, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - Fiona M Blyth
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Clinical School, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dana Bliuc
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thach Tran
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tuan V Nguyen
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Health Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John A Eisman
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Clinical School, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R Center
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Clinical School, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Tunis SR, Maxwell LJ, Graham ID, Shea BJ, Beaton DE, Bingham CO, Brooks P, Conaghan PG, D'Agostino MA, de Wit MP, Gossec L, March LM, Simon LS, Singh JA, Strand V, Wells GA, Tugwell P. Engaging Stakeholders and Promoting Uptake of OMERACT Core Outcome Instrument Sets. J Rheumatol 2017; 44:1551-1559. [PMID: 28765256 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.161273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While there has been substantial progress in the development of core outcomes sets, the degree to which these are used by researchers is variable. We convened a special workshop on knowledge translation at the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 2016 with 2 main goals. The first focused on the development of a formal knowledge translation framework and the second on promoting uptake of recommended core outcome domain and instrument sets. METHODS We invited all 189 OMERACT 2016 attendees to the workshop; 86 attended, representing patient research partners (n = 15), healthcare providers/clinician researchers (n = 52), industry (n = 4), regulatory agencies (n = 4), and OMERACT fellows (n = 11). Participants were given an introduction to knowledge translation and were asked to propose and discuss recommendations for the OMERACT community to (1) strengthen stakeholder involvement in the core outcome instrument set development process, and (2) promote uptake of core outcome sets with a specific focus on the potential role of post-regulatory decision makers. RESULTS We developed the novel "OMERACT integrated knowledge translation" framework, which formalizes OMERACT's knowledge translation strategies. We produced strategies to improve stakeholder engagement throughout the process of core outcome set development and created a list of creative and innovative ways to promote the uptake of OMERACT's core outcome sets. CONCLUSION The guidance provided in this paper is preliminary and is based on the views of the participants. Future work will engage OMERACT groups, "post-regulatory decision makers," and a broad range of different stakeholders to identify and evaluate the most useful methods and processes, and to revise guidance accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Tunis
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity.,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
| | - Lara J Maxwell
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity. .,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa.
| | - Ian D Graham
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity.,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
| | - Beverley J Shea
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity.,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
| | - Dorcas E Beaton
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity.,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
| | - Clifton O Bingham
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity.,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
| | - Peter Brooks
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity.,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
| | - Philip G Conaghan
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity.,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
| | - Maria Antonietta D'Agostino
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity.,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
| | - Maarten P de Wit
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity.,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
| | - Laure Gossec
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity.,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
| | - Lyn M March
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity.,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
| | - Lee S Simon
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity.,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity.,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
| | - Vibeke Strand
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity.,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
| | - George A Wells
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity.,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
| | - Peter Tugwell
- From the Center for Medical Technology Policy; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Work and Health; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK; Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, Boulogne-Billancourt; INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Paris, France; Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,IDG is a recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant Scheme (RFN #143237), focused on understanding the process and effect of integrated knowledge translation. COB has received funding from a Eugene Washington Engagement Award (EIAN 1988) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). All statements and views expressed in this report, including its findings and conclusions, are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of PCORI, its board of governors, or methodology committee; or the UK National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; or the position or policy of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. PGC is funded in part by the NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit. This article presents independent research funded by the NIHR. JAS has received research grants from Takeda and Savient, and consultant fees from Takeda and the American College of Rheumatology. JAS serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA Inc., a 501 (c)(3) entity.,S.R. Tunis, MD, MSc, President and CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy; L.J. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, University of Ottawa and Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; I.D. Graham, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; B.J. Shea, PhD, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program; D.E. Beaton, BScOT, PhD, Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, and Institute for Work and Health, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; P. Brooks, MD, FRACP, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne; P.G. Conaghan, MD, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; M.A. D'Agostino, MD, PhD, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Rheumatology Department, and INSERM U1173, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University; M.P. de Wit, PhD, Patient Research Partner, Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Centre/EMGO+ Institute; L. Gossec, MD, PhD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Rheumatology; L.M. March, MBBS, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology, Sydney Medical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital; L.S. Simon, MD, Co-managing Director of SDG LLC; J.A. Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Staff Physician, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; V. Strand, MD, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine; G.A. Wells, MSc, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa; P. Tugwell, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
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Finger ME, Boonen A, Woodworth TG, Escorpizo R, Christensen R, Nielsen SM, Leong AL, Scholte Voshaar M, Flurey CA, Milman N, Verstappen SM, Alten R, Guillemin F, Kloppenburg M, Beaton DE, Tugwell PS, March LM, Furst DE, Pohl C. An OMERACT Initiative Toward Consensus to Identify and Characterize Candidate Contextual Factors: Report from the Contextual Factors Working Group. J Rheumatol 2017; 44:1734-1739. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.161200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective.The importance of contextual factors (CF) for appropriate patient-specific care is widely acknowledged. However, evidence in clinical trials on how CF influence outcomes remains sparse. The 2014 Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Handbook introduced the role of CF in outcome assessment and defined them as “potential confounders and/or effect modifiers of outcomes in randomized controlled trials.” Subsequently, the CF Methods Group (CFMG) was formed to develop guidance on how to address CF in clinical trials.Methods.First, the CFMG conducted an e-mail survey of OMERACT working groups (WG) to analyze how they had addressed CF in outcome measurement so far. The results facilitated an informed discussion at the OMERACT 2016 CFMG Special Interest Group (SIG) session, with the aim of gaining preliminary consensus regarding an operational definition of CF and to make a first selection of potentially relevant CF.Results.The survey revealed that the WG had mostly used the OMERACT Handbook and/or the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) definition. However, significant heterogeneity was found in the methods used to identify, refine, and categorize CF candidates. The SIG participants agreed on using the ICF as a framework along with the OMERACT Handbook definition. A list with 28 variables was collected including person-related factors and physical and social environments. Recommendations from the SIG guided the CFMG to formulate 3 preliminary projects on how to identify and analyze CF.Conclusion.New methods are urgently needed to assist researchers to identify and characterize CF that significantly influence the interpretation of results in clinical trials. The CFMG defined first steps to develop further guidance.
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Chen JS, Hill CL, Lester S, Ruediger CD, Battersby R, Jones G, Cleland LG, March LM. Supplementation with omega-3 fish oil has no effect on bone mineral density in adults with knee osteoarthritis: a 2-year randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1897-905. [PMID: 26694596 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aimed to determine the effect of fish oil on bone mineral density (BMD). There were no differences in the 2-year BMD measures between high and low dose groups after adjusting for baseline BMD. This randomized controlled trial did not demonstrate any efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids on bone loss in adults. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to investigate whether supplementation with high dose omega-3 fish oil could have an impact on BMD. METHODS In a multicentre, double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) (ACTRN 12607000415404), 202 Australian participants aged ≥40 with knee osteoarthritis (mean age, 61.0 ± 10.0 years; 49 % female) were randomized to receive either high dose (4.5 g eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid daily) or low dose (0.45 g/day) omega-3 fish oil for 2 years. BMD was assessed at baseline and 2 years by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS In subjects with baseline and 2-year assessments, mean standardized BMD at baseline for low or high dose group was 1198 ± 198 and 1157 ± 169 mg/cm(2), respectively, for the lumbar spine and was 1035 ± 165 and 1017 ± 174 mg/cm(2), respectively, for the femoral neck. There were no differences in the 2-year BMD measures between high and low dose groups after adjusting for baseline BMD in the complete case regression analyses (lumbar spine 3.7, 95 % confidence interval (CI) -7.9 to 15.3 mg/cm(2) and femoral neck -5.5, 95 % CI -14.9 to 3.9 mg/cm(2)). The findings did not change with additional adjustments of age, gender, study centre and uses of bone-related drugs during the study period as well as using the intention-to-treat analysis or limiting to older participants (≥55 years at the baseline) (all P ≥ 0.25). Mild adverse events such as headache and gastrointestinal intolerance were common but did not occur more frequently in either group. There were no serious adverse events related to the intervention. CONCLUSION A 2-year supplementation with high-dose omega-3 fish oil did not alter bone loss among men and women with knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Chen
- The University of Sydney Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - C L Hill
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - S Lester
- Rheum Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, Australia
| | - C D Ruediger
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - R Battersby
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - G Jones
- Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Australia
| | - L G Cleland
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - L M March
- The University of Sydney Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
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Nguyen TG, McKelvey KJ, March LM, Hunter DJ, Xue M, Jackson CJ, Morris JM. Aberrant levels of natural IgM antibodies in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients in comparison to healthy controls. Immunol Lett 2015; 170:27-36. [PMID: 26744098 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural IgM antibodies (nIgM) are polyreactive autoantibodies that have diverse roles in regulating autoimmunity, systemic inflammation and removal of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL). We hypothesized that aberrant states of nIgM may exist in persons with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Herein, we characterized and compared the levels of nIgM specific for phosphorylcholine (anti-PC), double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), and galactosyl (anti-Gal) in persons with OA, RA and healthy controls (HC). Levels of anti-PC nIgM in OA patients were significantly lower than both HC and RA patients in an age-adjusted analysis (P<0.05). In contrast, anti-Gal nIgM levels were significantly higher in RA patients than OA patients (P<0.05) and markedly increased in comparison to HC. Anti-PC nIgM significantly correlated with anti-dsDNA and anti-Gal nIgM levels in HC and RA (P<0.05) but not in OA patients. Elevated CRP levels were associated with RA conditions and old ages in general. There was no significant correlation between anti-PC nIgM and CRP or oxLDL levels. Our study highlights for the first time the evidence of aberrant state of nIgM in human OA compared to healthy individuals that implicates a deficiency in immune responses to oxLDL which may contribute to the metabolic syndromes in the development of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tue G Nguyen
- Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Perinatal Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Kelly J McKelvey
- Perinatal Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Lyn M March
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - David J Hunter
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Meilang Xue
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Christopher J Jackson
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Morris
- Perinatal Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
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Chen JS, Roberts CL, Simpson JM, March LM. Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Rare Autoimmune Diseases. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:3314-23. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine L. Roberts
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research and The University of Sydney, Sydney; New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Lyn M. March
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research and The University of Sydney, Sydney; New South Wales Australia
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Cheung PP, de Wit M, Bingham CO, Kirwan JR, Leong A, March LM, Montie P, Scholte-Voshaar M, Gossec L. Recommendations for the Involvement of Patient Research Partners (PRP) in OMERACT Working Groups. A Report from the OMERACT 2014 Working Group on PRP. J Rheumatol 2015; 43:187-93. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.141011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Patient participation in research is increasing; however, practical guidelines to enhance this participation are lacking. Specifically within the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) organization, although patients have participated in OMERACT meetings since 2002, consensus about the procedures for involving patients in working groups has not been formalized. The objective is to develop a set of recommendations regarding patient research partner (PRP) involvement in research working groups.Methods.We conducted a systematic literature review on recommendations/guidelines of PRP involvement in research; elaborated a structured consensus process involving multiple participants to develop a set of recommendations; and sought endorsement of recommendations by OMERACT.Results.In the 18 articles included in the literature review, there was general agreement on the broad concepts for recommendations covering PRP involvement in research although they were heterogeneous in detail. Most considered PRP involvement in all phases of research with early engagement, training, and support important, but details on the content were scarce. This review informed a larger consensus-building process regarding PRP inclusion in OMERACT research. Three overarching principles and 8 recommendations were developed, discussed, and refined at OMERACT 2014. The guiding principles were endorsed during the OMERACT plenary session.Conclusion.These recommendations for PRP involvement in OMERACT research reinforce the importance of patient participation throughout the research process as integral members. Although the applicability of the recommendations in other research contexts should be assessed, the generalizability is expected to be high. Future research should evaluate their implementation and their effect on outcome development.
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Woolf AD, March LM. Preventing musculoskeletal disability. Preface. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2014; 28:351. [PMID: 25481419 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lyn M March
- University of Sydney, Institute of Bone & Joint Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Chen JS, Simpson JM, Blyth FM, March LM. Managing osteoporosis with FRAX® in Australia: proposed new treatment thresholds from the 45&Up Study cohort. Bone 2014; 69:148-53. [PMID: 25263521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many people at high risk of fractures are not following traditional guidelines and not being recommended for intervention. This study aimed to propose and evaluate a new set of intervention thresholds. METHODS Participants were 213,375 men and women aged ≥50 years living in New South Wales, Australia. Fracture Risk Assessment Paper Charts (Australia) was used to estimate the 10-year fracture risk. The standardized rates (to Australia population distribution 2007) for intervention were calculated for different thresholds: our proposed new thresholds (i.e. 10-year probability of hip fracture: ≥3%, 5% or 7% for 50-69, 70-79 and ≥80 years respectively), thresholds by the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) approach, UK thresholds and US thresholds. RESULTS The NOGG, UK and US thresholds did not work well in the Australian population. For example, the NOGG and UK thresholds respectively qualified only 1 in 12 (8.1%) and 1 in 9 (11.3%) Australian men aged ≥70 years and the US thresholds qualified about 9 in 10 (90.6%) Australian women aged ≥ 70 years. For men or women aged ≥70 years, our proposed new thresholds gave more realistic treatment rates of 21.6% for men and 70.5% for women. Compared to the current Australian guidelines (i.e. T-score ≤ -2.5 and age ≥ 70 years or a fragility fracture), our thresholds identified an additional 4.9% of men and 18.2% of women aged ≥ 70 years for treatment. CONCLUSION The proposed new thresholds could identify currently under-recognised high-risk individuals for treatment. It should be considered as a recommendation for osteoporosis management in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng Chen
- The Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Level 7C, Acute Services Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Judy M Simpson
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona M Blyth
- The Sax Institute, Sydney, Australia; Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lyn M March
- The Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
Medication safety must be tailored to the distinctive issues in residential aged-care facilities (RACFs). The health and functional characteristics of their residents are different to those of hospital inpatients and community-dwelling older adults, and there are unique staffing and management issues. Understanding the aetiology and epidemiology of drug-related problems is vital in developing methods to improve patient safety. In this perspective review, we discuss tools that are used to quantify exposure to 'high-risk' medications and their evaluation in residential aged-care settings. Drug withdrawal interventions are described as a potential way to reduce adverse drug events in RACFs. Multidisciplinary professional interventions, education programs and improved communication between health professionals have been shown to improve medication safety in RACFs. Technological advances and other administrative strategies may also improve resident safety. This perspective addresses issues in medication safety facing RACFs and methods to improve the safety of medicines for their residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Wilson
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065 and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lyn M March
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065 and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Philip N Sambrook
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065 and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah N Hilmer
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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Hoy DG, Smith E, Cross M, Sanchez-Riera L, Blyth FM, Buchbinder R, Woolf AD, Driscoll T, Brooks P, March LM. Reflecting on the global burden of musculoskeletal conditions: lessons learnt from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study and the next steps forward. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:4-7. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the strengths, limitations and lessons learned from estimating the burden from musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions in the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study (GBD 2010 Study). It should be read in conjunction with the other GBD 2010 Study papers published in this journal. The strengths of the GBD 2010 Study include: the involvement of a MSK expert group; development of new and more valid case definitions, functional health states, and disability weights to better reflect the MSK conditions; the extensive series of systematic reviews undertaken to obtain data to derive the burden estimates; and the use of a new, more advanced version of the disease-modelling software (DisMod-MR). Limitations include: many regions of the world did not have data; the extent of heterogeneity between included studies; and burden does not include broader aspects of life, such as participation and well-being. A number of lessons were learned. Ongoing involvement of experts is critical to ensure the success of future efforts to quantify and monitor this burden. A paradigm shift is urgently needed among global agencies in order to alleviate the rapidly increasing global burden from MSK conditions. Prevention and control of MSK disability are required, along with health system changes. Further research is needed to improve understanding of the predictors and clinical course across different settings, and the ways in which MSK conditions can be better managed and prevented.
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Chen JS, Makovey J, Lassere M, Buchbinder R, March LM. Comparative effectiveness of anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs on health-related quality of life among patients with inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014; 66:464-72. [PMID: 24022870 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the relative effectiveness of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) by inflammatory arthritis types. METHODS Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who had anti-TNF therapy (etanercept, adalimumab, or infliximab) in the Australian Rheumatology Association Database during 2001-2011 were assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36), Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL), and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index (DI) on a biannual basis. Linear regression was used for the analysis; the lack of independence in outcomes for multiple assessments in the same patient was taken into account using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS There were 18,119 assessments (first-time drug use n = 12,274, subsequent use n = 3,098, and no use n = 2,747) provided by 3,033 patients (2,240 RA, 507 AS, and 286 PsA patients) with the anti-TNF therapies. The effects of subsequent use versus first-time use were reduced on the SF-36 physical component summary, AQoL, and HAQ DI scores among RA patients. After adjusting for therapy order, calendar year, sex, age, smoking status, and various medication uses, the 3 anti-TNF preparations had similar effects on the HRQOL measures for patients with RA, AS, or PsA. However, differences between anti-TNF therapies were observed in the AQoL score among PsA patients (infliximab versus etanercept: -0.06 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) -0.12, -0.004]) and in the SF-36 mental component summary score among RA patients (adalimumab versus etanercept: -1.17 [95% CI -1.88, -0.46]). CONCLUSION This study revealed similar effectiveness of etanercept, adalimumab, and infliximab on the HRQOL measures among Australians with RA, AS, and PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng Chen
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Hoy DG, Smith E, Cross M, Sanchez-Riera L, Buchbinder R, Blyth FM, Brooks P, Woolf AD, Osborne RH, Fransen M, Driscoll T, Vos T, Blore JD, Murray C, Johns N, Naghavi M, Carnahan E, March LM. The global burden of musculoskeletal conditions for 2010: an overview of methods. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73:982-9. [PMID: 24550172 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of methods used for estimating the burden from musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions in the Global Burden of Diseases 2010 study. It should be read in conjunction with the disease-specific MSK papers published in Annals of Rheumatic Diseases. Burden estimates (disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)) were made for five specific MSK conditions: hip and/or knee osteoarthritis (OA), low back pain (LBP), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), gout and neck pain, and an 'other MSK conditions' category. For each condition, the main disabling sequelae were identified and disability weights (DW) were derived based on short lay descriptions. Mortality (years of life lost (YLLs)) was estimated for RA and the rest category of 'other MSK', which includes a wide range of conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, other autoimmune diseases and osteomyelitis. A series of systematic reviews were conducted to determine the prevalence, incidence, remission, duration and mortality risk of each condition. A Bayesian meta-regression method was used to pool available data and to predict prevalence values for regions with no or scarce data. The DWs were applied to prevalence values for 1990, 2005 and 2010 to derive years lived with disability. These were added to YLLs to quantify overall burden (DALYs) for each condition. To estimate the burden of MSK disease arising from risk factors, population attributable fractions were determined for bone mineral density as a risk factor for fractures, the occupational risk of LBP and elevated body mass index as a risk factor for LBP and OA. Burden of Disease studies provide pivotal guidance for governments when determining health priority areas and allocating resources. Rigorous methods were used to derive the increasing global burden of MSK conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian G Hoy
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, , Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Briggs AM, Towler SCB, Speerin R, March LM. Models of care for musculoskeletal health in Australia: now more than ever to drive evidence into health policy and practice. AUST HEALTH REV 2014; 38:401-5. [DOI: 10.1071/ah14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal health conditions such as arthritis, osteoporosis and pain syndromes impart a profound socioeconomic burden worldwide, particularly in developed nations such as Australia. Despite the identified burden, substantial evidence-practice and care disparity gaps remain in service delivery and access that limit the potential for improved consumer outcomes and system efficiencies. Addressing these gaps requires a whole-of-sector response, supported by evidence-informed health policy. Models of care (MoCs) serve as a policy vehicle to embed evidence into health policy and guide practice through changes in service delivery systems and clinician behaviour. In Australia, MoCs for musculoskeletal health have been developed by networks of multidisciplinary stakeholders and are incrementally being implemented across health services, facilitated by dedicated policy units and clinical champions. A web of evidence is now emerging to support this approach to driving evidence into health policy and practice. Understanding the vernacular of MoCs and the development and implementation of MoCs is important to embracing this approach to health policy.
What is known about the topic?
The impact of musculoskeletal health conditions is profound. As the awareness around the magnitude of the impact of these conditions increases, the importance of system-wide policy responses and platforms for health service improvements is now recognised. The term ‘models of care’ is not new. It has been used for many years, mainly at the hospital level, for planning and delivering clinical services. However, over the past 8 years an alternative approach using health networks has been adopted for the development and implementation of models of care to achieve broad engagement and a wider and more sustainable scope for implementation.
What does this paper add?
Here, we provide a rationale for the development of models of care for musculoskeletal health and draw on experience in their development and implementation using a health network model, referring to an emerging web of evidence to support this approach. We describe what models of care are, how they are developed and question whether they make a difference and what the future may hold.
What are the implications for practitioners?
All indications suggest that models of care are here to stay. Therefore, this paper provides practitioners with a contemporary overview of models of care in Australia, their relevance to musculoskeletal healthcare, particularly related to closing evidence-practice gaps, and opportunities for sector engagement.
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Abstract
The latest Global Burden of Disease Study, published at the end of 2012, has highlighted the enormous global burden of low back pain. In contrast to the previous study, when it was ranked 105 out of 136 conditions, low back pain is now the leading cause of disability globally, ahead of 290 other conditions. It was estimated to be responsible for 58.2 million years lived with disability in 1990, increasing to 83 million in 2010. This chapter illustrates the ways that the Global Burden of Disease data can be displayed using the data visualisation tools specifically designed for this purpose. It also considers how best to increase the precision of future global burden of low back pain estimates by identifying limitations in the available data and priorities for further research. Finally, it discusses what should be done at a policy level to militate against the rising burden of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Buchbinder
- Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Hospital, Suite 41, 183 Wattletree Rd, Malvern, VIC 3144, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC, Australia.
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Barcenilla-Wong AL, Chen JS, March LM. Concern and risk perception of osteoporosis and fracture among post-menopausal Australian women: results from the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW) cohort. Arch Osteoporos 2013; 8:155. [PMID: 24105339 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-013-0155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to identify factors associated with concern and perception of risks of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures and determine whether bone mineral density (BMD) testing influenced concern and risk perception. METHODS Study subjects (n = 1,082, age 55-94 years) were female Australian participants of the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW). Self-administered questionnaires were sent annually from 2007 to 2010. Study outcomes included 'concern about osteoporosis', 'perception of getting osteoporosis' and 'perception of fracture risk' compared to similar aged women. The closest post-BMD testing or baseline questionnaires were used for women with and without BMD testing, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression was used for the analysis. RESULTS BMD testing, prior fracture after age 45, younger age and lower self-reported general health were significantly associated with being 'very' or 'somewhat concerned' about osteoporosis and having a 'much higher' or 'little higher' risk perception of osteoporosis and fractures. A poorer BMD result was associated with higher concern and higher risk perceptions. The presence of comorbidities, having ≥2 falls in the preceding year and maternal osteoporosis were associated with higher concern. Maternal osteoporosis, presence of comorbidities, weight loss of ≥5 kg in the preceding year and low body mass index were associated with higher perceptions of osteoporosis risk. CONCLUSION Women's concern and risk perception of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures were reasonably well founded. However, increasing age, height loss, smoking and drinking were not associated with concern and perception despite being known osteoporosis risk factors. These factors should be considered in planning for education and awareness raising programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Barcenilla-Wong
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,
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Abstract
In this essay, we describe two recent developments in global public health efforts in the chronic pain field and use the example of musculoskeletal pain to explore some of the implications arising from these developments. The first is the recognition of chronic pain as a condition in its own right, which has been the impetus for several national and one recent international pain summits that have translated that into a call for recognition, rights and resources for people with pain. The other development is the first comprehensive attempt to measure the global burden of musculoskeletal conditions in the current round of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD 2010). In essence, the task here has been to translate epidemiological data from all countries where data are available into standardised measures of the overall burden of musculoskeletal conditions to allow comparison of the burden relative to other conditions, and to identify the proportion of the burden that is attributable to a set of common risk factors. Past rounds of the GBD have been influential in priority setting and allocation of health funding by the World Health Organisation and national governments. The current GBD 2010 Study is occurring in the context of changes in thinking about how to fund health care in a global context. These changes are away from disease-specific programmes to more 'integrated' approaches, and thus represent a potential challenge to the calls to consider pain-focussed funding. We explore the strategic implications of both of these developments for translating our better understanding of the problem of musculoskeletal pain into effective policy action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Blyth
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
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Chen JS, Ford JB, Roberts CL, Simpson JM, March LM. Pregnancy outcomes in women with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a population-based study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 52:1119-25. [PMID: 23382363 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe pregnancy outcomes among women with JIA. METHODS Women who gave birth in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, were linked to hospital discharge records from 2000 to 2010. Women with an ICD-10-AM code of M08 or M09 in the hospital records were considered to have JIA. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for pregnancy outcomes and the lack of independence in study outcomes for multiple pregnancies in the same woman was taken into account using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS During the study period, 601,659 women had 941,496 births. Of these births, 78 births could be attributed to 50 women with JIA. Of 78 JIA pregnancies, 53 (68%) were delivered by either Caesarean section (n = 40, 51%) or instrumental delivery (n = 13, 17%); compared with other women, those with JIA had significantly higher rates of pre-eclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage and severe maternal morbidity. Compared with other infants, those with mothers with JIA were more likely to be born prematurely, but were not at increased risk of being small for gestational age, requiring neonatal intensive care, having a low Apgar score at 5 min or severe neonatal morbidity. CONCLUSION Infants of women with JIA did not have an increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. Intensive obstetric care might be required during pregnancy for women with JIA given the increased risk of maternal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng Chen
- Clinical and Population Perinatal Health Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia.
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Rogers KD, Blyth FM, March LM, Jorm L. A nested case-control analysis of self-reported physical functioning after total knee replacement surgery in the 45 and Up Study Cohort. BMJ Open 2013; 3:bmjopen-2012-002291. [PMID: 23836760 PMCID: PMC3710975 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The rate of total knee arthroplasty surgery (TKA) is rising in Australia despite varying impacts of TKA on physical function (PF) in population-based studies. There are potentially modifiable risk factors that could enhance PF after TKA, so we evaluated (1) the levels of PF in persons with TKA and the rest of the population, (2) potentially modifiable characteristics of those reporting poor PF after TKA. DESIGN Nested case-control study. SETTING Population-based cohort study in New South Wales, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Members of a large (n=267 151) cohort study recruited by a self-completed, mailed questionnaire from 2006 to 2008. After exclusions (for hip arthroplasty, partial TKA, missing important variables and mismatching TKA status between self-reported and hospital record data), this study included 205 148 participants. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES Primary outcome, Medical Outcomes Study Physical Function scale (MOS-PF). Secondary outcome, dispensings of analgesics or anti-inflammatory drugs. RESULTS We found 2916 TKA participants and 202 232 participants with no TKA (confirmed across datasets). Persons with TKA had a lower MOS-PF (59.9, 95% CI 58.5 to 60.6) than those without TKA (83.8, 95% CI 83.7 to 83.9). In the matched analysis, the TKA group had a lower MOS-PF (59.9, 95% CI 59.9 to 62.4) than those without TKA (68.4, 95% CI 67.8 to 69.0). In persons with TKA, lower levels of MOS-PF were associated with low self-rated health, high psychological distress, comorbidity, greater age, recent treatment for osteoarthritis and use of paracetamol. Women had an MOS-PF that was 11.6 points (95% CI 9.5 to 13.8) lower than men. CONCLUSIONS Several modifiable risk factors have been identified to influence PF in persons receiving TKA, with notable differences between sexes. The importance of these risk factors should be examined in incident TKA to test if early identification and intervention for individuals can improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris D Rogers
- Department of Intramural Research, The Sax Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona M Blyth
- Department of Intramural Research, The Sax Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lyn M March
- Department of Rheumatology, The University of Sydney Institute of Bones and Joint Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louisa Jorm
- Department of Intramural Research, The Sax Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Wilson NM, Hilmer SN, March LM, Chen JS, Gnjidic D, Mason RS, Cameron ID, Sambrook PN. Associations between drug burden index and mortality in older people in residential aged care facilities. Drugs Aging 2012; 29:157-65. [PMID: 22276959 DOI: 10.2165/11598570-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Drug Burden Index (DBI), a measure of an individual's exposure to anticholinergic and sedative medications, is associated with functional impairment in community-dwelling, older people. In people from residential aged care facilities (RACFs), DBI score does not appear to be associated with functional impairment, but is associated with an increased risk of falls. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations between increasing DBI score and mortality in older adults living in RACFs. METHODS Study participants (n = 602; 70.9% female), recruited from 51 RACFs in Sydney, Australia, had a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 85.7 ± 6.4 years and a mean ± SD DBI score of 0.58 ± 0.64. RESULTS Exposure to anticholinergic medication was 33.6% and sedative medications 41.9%. All-cause mortality after a variable follow-up time (774-1269 days) was 36.2% (n = 218), with the leading causes of death classified as stroke (n = 46; 21.1%), ischaemic heart disease/cardiovascular system (n = 44; 20.2%) and pneumonia (n = 31; 14.2%). One-year mortality multivariate models showed that the DBI categories low (n = 260; hazard ratio [HR] 1.13; 95% CI 0.82, 1.57) and high (n = 153; HR 1.19; 95% CI 0.82, 1.74) were not associated with mortality. This lack of a significant association remained after dichotomization into the anticholinergic and sedative components of the DBI. CONCLUSIONS We found that with high exposure to anticholinergic and sedative medications, there was no significant association between increasing DBI score and all-cause mortality in old individuals living in RACFs. Further research into the adverse effects of medication use on the mortality of institutionalized older individuals is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Wilson
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Gossec L, Paternotte S, Bingham CO, Clegg DO, Coste P, Conaghan PG, Davis AM, Giacovelli G, Gunther KP, Hawker G, Hochberg MC, Jordan JM, Katz JN, Kloppenburg M, Lanzarotti A, Lim K, Lohmander LS, Mahomed NN, Maillefert JF, Manno RL, March LM, Mazzuca SA, Pavelka K, Punzi L, Roos EM, Rovati LC, Shi H, Singh JA, Suarez-Almazor ME, Tajana-Messi E, Dougados M. OARSI/OMERACT initiative to define states of severity and indication for joint replacement in hip and knee osteoarthritis. An OMERACT 10 Special Interest Group. J Rheumatol 2012; 38:1765-9. [PMID: 21807799 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define pain and physical function cutpoints that would, coupled with structural severity, define a surrogate measure of "need for joint replacement surgery," for use as an outcome measure for potential structure-modifying interventions for osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS New scores were developed for pain and physical function in knee and hip OA. A cross-sectional international study in 1909 patients was conducted to define data-driven cutpoints corresponding to the orthopedic surgeons' indication for joint replacement. A post hoc analysis of 8 randomized clinical trials (1379 patients) evaluated the prevalence and validity of cutpoints, among patients with symptomatic hip/knee OA. RESULTS In the international cross-sectional study, there was substantial overlap in symptom levels between patients with and patients without indication for joint replacement; indeed, it was not possible to determine cutpoints for pain and function defining this indication. The post hoc analysis of trial data showed that the prevalence of cases that combined radiological progression, high level of pain, and high degree of function impairment was low (2%-12%). The most discriminatory cutpoint to define an indication for joint replacement was found to be [pain (0-100) + physical function (0-100) > 80]. CONCLUSION These results do not support a specific level of pain or function that defines an indication for joint replacement. However, a tentative cutpoint for pain and physical function levels is proposed for further evaluation. Potentially, this symptom level, coupled with radiographic progression, could be used to define "nonresponders" to disease-modifying drugs in OA clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Gossec
- Paris Descartes University, Medicine Faculty, Paris, France
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Sambrook PN, Cameron ID, Chen JS, Cumming RG, Durvasula S, Herrmann M, Kok C, Lord SR, Macara M, March LM, Mason RS, Seibel MJ, Wilson N, Simpson JM. Does increased sunlight exposure work as a strategy to improve vitamin D status in the elderly: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:615-24. [PMID: 21369788 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Sunlight exposure by improving vitamin D status could be a simple public health strategy in reducing falls among frail elder people. In a randomised controlled trial, adherence to sunlight exposure was low (median adherence, 26%) and no effect of increased UV exposure on falls risk was observed (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.06, P = 0.73). INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine whether increased sunlight exposure was effective to improve vitamin D status and reduce falls in the elderly. METHODS In a cluster randomised controlled trial (NCT00322166 at ClinicalTrials.gov), 602 residents aged 70 or more (mean age, 86.4 years; 71% female) were recruited from 51 aged care facilities in Northern Sydney, Australia. Participants were randomised by facility to receive either increased sunlight exposure (additional 30-40 min/day in the early morning) with (UV+) or without (UV) calcium supplementation (600 mg/day) or neither (control) for a year. The co-primary endpoints were change in serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) and falls incidence after 12 months. RESULTS Adherence to sunlight exposure was low (median adherence, 26%; IQR, 7%-45%). Serum 25OHD levels were low at baseline (median, 32.9 nmol/L) and increased only slightly depending on the number of sunlight sessions attended over 12 months (P = 0.04). During the study, 327 falls occurred in 111 (54%) subjects in the control group, 326 falls in 111 (58%) subjects in the UV only group and 335 falls in 108 (52%) subjects in the UV+ group. By intention-to-treat analysis, there was no significant effect of increased UV exposure on falls risk (IRR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.76-1.48; P = 0.73). However, in 66 participants who attended ≥130 sessions per year (adherence, ≥50% of 260 sessions-five per week), falls were significantly reduced (IRR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31-0.88; P = 0.01) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Increased sunlight exposure did not reduce vitamin D deficiency or falls risk in frail older people. This public health strategy was not effective most likely due to poor adherence to the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Sambrook
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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van Leeuwen MT, Blyth FM, March LM, Nicholas MK, Cousins MJ. Chronic pain and reduced work effectiveness: The hidden cost to Australian employers. Eur J Pain 2012; 10:161-6. [PMID: 16310720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 02/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cost estimates of the impact of chronic pain on work have largely focussed on absenteeism, excluding the hidden contribution of reduced work effectiveness to lost productivity. This paper aims to estimate the cost of lost productivity due to chronic pain in Australia, not only in terms of absenteeism but also reduced work effectiveness. Data on chronic pain in Australia and its impact on work were obtained from the 1997 New South Wales Health Survey (n=17,543) and the Northern Sydney Area Pain Study (n=2,092), both of which were population-based and used random-digit dialing sampling methods. This was combined with relevant Australian population and labour force data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. From this we estimated annual lost productivity costs arising from both chronic pain-related days absent and 'reduced-effectiveness workdays'. There were estimated to be 9.9 million workdays absent due to chronic pain annually in Australia, equating to a cost of AUD 1.4 billion per annum. Under the assumption that reduced-effectiveness workdays affect productivity costs in the same way as lost work days, the total number of lost workday equivalents was 36.5 million, with the total annual cost of lost productivity due to chronic pain estimated as AUD 5.1 billion per annum. In conclusion, while the impact of reduced work effectiveness on days worked with pain on productivity is uncertain, it has the potential to account for the majority of lost productivity costs associated with chronic pain. Interventions which target working despite pain have the potential to significantly reduce lost productivity costs due to chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina T van Leeuwen
- Pain Management and Research Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Abstract
Gout is the most common inflammatory joint disease in men, characterised by formation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the synovial fluid of joints and in other tissues. The epidemiology of gout provides us with the understanding of the disease distribution and its determinants. In an attempt to update the knowledge on the topic, more recent research reports on the descriptive epidemiology of gout are reviewed in this article. The review describes clinical characteristics and case definitions of gout, including the Rome and New York diagnosis criteria of gout, '1977 American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria' and the 10 key propositions of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations. Gout incidence, prevalence, morbidity and mortality, geographical variation of the disease, relevant risk factors for both the occurrence and outcome of gout and trends of the disease over time are then described. Difficulties in obtaining the information and data reported are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E U R Smith
- Department of Rheumatology, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Building 35, Block 4, Level 4, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Sambrook PN, Cameron ID, Chen JS, March LM, Simpson JM, Cumming RG, Seibel MJ. Oral bisphosphonates are associated with reduced mortality in frail older people: a prospective five-year study. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:2551-6. [PMID: 20959963 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In a study of 2005 institutionalized older people, use of oral bisphosphonates was associated with a 27% reduction in risk of death compared to non-users after adjusting for potential confounders. INTRODUCTION This study investigated whether reductions in mortality reported in a trial of intravenous zoledronate after hip fracture could be seen in older people taking oral bisphosphonates. METHODS Two thousand and five institutionalized older people (mean age 85.7 years) were assessed at baseline and followed up for hip fracture and death for at least 5 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate effects of bisphosphonates on risk of death. RESULTS At baseline, 78 subjects were taking oral bisphosphonates. Over 5 years of follow-up, 1,596 participants (80%) died. Use of bisphosphonates was associated with a 27% reduction in risk of death compared to non-users after adjusting for age, gender, type of institution, immobility, number of medications, weight, cognitive function, co-morbidities, and hip fracture incidence during the follow-up period (hazard ratio 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.94; P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Oral bisphosphonates are associated with a reduction in the risk of death in the elderly. The mechanism of effect requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Sambrook
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Level 4, Building 35, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between work place exposure and CTS by meta-analysis, including analyses with respect to exposure to hand force, repetition, vibration and wrist posture. METHODS All relevant peer-reviewed articles published between January 1980 and December 2009 were identified by a systematic search using the MEDLINE, CINAHL and PubMed databases. Papers were critiqued independently by two researchers and the relevant exposure information was extracted. Using the raw data of exposed and unexposed cases, a cumulative effect of specific exposure risks were calculated for hand force, repetition, a combination of force and repetition, vibration and wrist posture using the statistical program, Stata version 11 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). Heterogeneity, meta-regression, publication bias and subgroup sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS Thirty-seven studies from English-language literature met the inclusion criteria. Using National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety criteria for case definition, a significant positive association between CTS and hand force, repetition, use of vibratory tools and wrist posture was observed with approximate doubling of risk for all exposures. Significant heterogeneity among studies was observed for most exposures and metaregression analyses identified CTS case definition, study design, country and risk of bias score to be the significant determinants. When a more conservative definition of CTS was employed to include nerve conduction abnormality with symptoms and/or signs, risk factors significantly associated with an increased risk of CTS among exposed workers were: vibration [odds ratio (OR) 5.40; 95% CI 3.14, 9.31], hand force (OR 4.23; 95% CI 1.53, 11.68) and repetition (OR 2.26; 95% CI 1.73, 2.94). There was a non-significant trend for the association between CTS and combined exposure to both force and repetition (OR 1.85; 95% CI 0.99, 3.45) and wrist posture (OR 4.73; 95% CI 0.42, 53.32). CONCLUSION Occupational exposure to excess vibration, increased hand force and repetition increase the risk of developing CTS. Workplace strategies to avoid overexposure to these risk factors should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica Barcenilla
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Level 4, Building 35, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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Wilson NM, Hilmer SN, March LM, Cameron ID, Lord SR, Seibel MJ, Mason RS, Chen JS, Cumming RG, Sambrook PN. Associations between drug burden index and falls in older people in residential aged care. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59:875-80. [PMID: 21539525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between the Drug Burden Index (DBI), a measure of a person's total exposure to anticholinergic and sedative medications that includes principles of dose-response and maximal effect and is associated with impaired physical function in community-dwelling older people, and falls in residents of residential aged care facilities (RACFs). DESIGN Data were drawn from participants in a randomized controlled trial that investigated falls and fractures. SETTING RACFs in Sydney, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Study participants (N=602; 70.9% female) were recruited from 51 RACFs. Mean age was 85.7 ± 6.4, and mean DBI was 0.60 ± 0.66. MEASUREMENTS Medication history was obtained on each participant. Drugs were classified as anticholinergic or sedative and a DBI was calculated. Falls were measured over a 12-month period. Comorbidity, cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination) and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale) were determined. RESULTS There were 998 falls in 330 individuals during a follow-up period of 574.2 person-years, equating to an average rate of 1.74 falls per person-year. The univariate negative binomial regression model for falls showed incidence rate ratios of 1.69 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.22-2.34) for low DBI (<1) and 2.11 (95% CI=1.47-3.04) for high DBI (≥1) when compared with those who had a DBI of 0. After adjusting for age, sex, history of falling, cognitive impairment, depression, use of a walking aid, comorbidities, polypharmacy, and incontinence, incident rate ratios of 1.61 (95% CI=1.17-2.23) for low DBI and 1.90 (95% CI=1.30-2.78) for high DBI were obtained. CONCLUSION DBI is significantly and independently associated with falls in older people living in RACFs. Interventional studies designed for this population are needed to determine whether reducing DBI, through dose reduction or cessation of anticholinergic and sedative drugs, can prevent falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Wilson
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Chen JS, Cameron ID, Simpson JM, Seibel MJ, March LM, Cumming RG, Lord SR, Sambrook PN. Low-trauma fractures indicate increased risk of hip fracture in frail older people. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:428-33. [PMID: 20721931 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the risk of subsequent fractures after low-trauma fracture in frail older people. A total of 1412 elderly residents (mean age 86.2 years, SD 7.0 years, female 77%) were recruited from aged care facilities in Australia. Residents were assessed and then followed for any fracture for 2 years and hip fractures for at least 5 years. Residents with and without a newly acquired fracture in the first 2 years were compared for risk of subsequent hip fracture. Residents with a nonhip fracture in the first 2 years had an increased risk of subsequent hip fracture for about 2.5 years, whereas those with a hip fracture had a similar risk over the whole period compared with those with no fracture. During these 2.5 years, 60, 28, and 6 subsequent hip fractures occurred in the nonfracture group (n = 953), the nonhip fracture group (n = 194), and the hip fracture group (n = 101), respectively, resulting in the probability of subsequent hip fracture of 8.0%, 19.9%, and 10.4%, respectively. Compared with the nonfracture group, the hazard ratio (HR) was 2.82 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.73-4.59; p < .001] for the nonhip fracture group and 1.48 (95% CI 0.63-3.49, p = .37) for the hip fracture group after adjusting for age, sex, residence type, calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation, fracture history, weight, lower leg length, immobility, cognitive function, and medications. Frail institutionalized older people with newly acquired fractures are at increased risk of subsequent hip fracture for the next few years. Accordingly, despite their advanced age, they are a high-priority target group to investigate interventions that might reduce the risk of hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng Chen
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Clifton-Bligh RJ, Nguyen TV, Au A, Bullock M, Cameron I, Cumming R, Chen JS, March LM, Seibel MJ, Sambrook PN. Contribution of a common variant in the promoter of the 1-α-hydroxylase gene (CYP27B1) to fracture risk in the elderly. Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 88:109-16. [PMID: 21107545 PMCID: PMC3030947 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CYP27B1 encodes mitochondrial 1α-hydroxylase, which converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D to its active 1,25-dihydroxylated metabolite. We tested the hypothesis that common variants in the CYP27B1 promoter are associated with fracture risk. The study was designed as a population-based genetic association study, which involved 153 men and 596 women aged 65-101 years, who had been followed for 2.2 years (range 0.1-5.5) between 1999 and 2006. During the follow-up period, the incidence of fragility fractures was ascertained. Bone ultrasound attenuation (BUA) was measured in all individuals, as were serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PTH concentrations; 86% subjects had vitamin D insufficiency. Genotypes were determined for the -1260C>A (rs10877012) and +2838T>C (rs4646536) CYP27B1 polymorphisms. A reporter gene assay was used to assess functional expression of the -1260C>A CYP27B1 variants. The association between genotypes and fracture risk was analyzed by Cox's proportional hazards model. We found that genotypic distribution of CYP27B1 -1260 and CYP27B1 +2838 polymorphisms was consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law. The two polymorphisms were in high linkage disequilibrium, with D' = 0.96 and r² = 0.94. Each C allele of the CYP27B1 -1260 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of fracture (hazard ratio = 1.34, 95% CI 1.03-1.73), after adjustment for age, sex, number of falls, and BUA. In transient transfection studies, a reporter gene downstream of the -1260(A)-containing promoter was more highly expressed than that containing the C allele. These data suggest that a common but functional variation within the CYP27B1 promoter gene is associated with fracture risk in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick J Clifton-Bligh
- Northern Metabolic Bone Research Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiang S Chen
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
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Sambrook PN, Chen JS, Simpson JM, March LM. Impact of adverse news media on prescriptions for osteoporosis: effect on fractures and mortality. Med J Aust 2010; 193:154-6. [PMID: 20678043 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of a national current affairs television program about the association between osteonecrosis of the jaw and bisphosphonates on subsequent prescription use, fractures and deaths. DESIGN AND SETTING National Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme prescription data for 9 months after the television program were used to estimate the impact of reduced bisphosphonate use on fractures and mortality. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prescription rates, fractures and deaths. RESULTS The estimated reduction of 29 633 in the number of bisphosphonate prescriptions may have resulted in 70 hip fractures, 60 other fractures and 14 deaths that would otherwise have been prevented over the 9-month period of the study. CONCLUSION Although it is important for patients to be informed of the risks of medication, media coverage that does not present a balanced view has the potential to do more harm than good.
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Chen JS, Sambrook PN, Simpson JM, March LM, Cumming RG, Seibel MJ, Lord SR, Cameron ID. A selection strategy was developed for fracture reduction programs in frail older people. J Clin Epidemiol 2010; 63:679-85. [PMID: 19926449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to develop and evaluate a simple index for assessing the risk of fractures after a fall and to propose a selection strategy for identifying elderly individuals at high risk of both falls and fall-related fractures. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Two thousand five institutionalized older men and women were assessed for clinical risk factors and then followed up for falls and fall-related fractures for up to 2 years. RESULTS Our fracture risk index is derived from seven previously identified significant independent risk factors: weight, lower leg length, balance, cognitive function, type of institution, fracture history, and falls in the past year. The fracture rate was 6.5 times greater in the one-sixth of the falls with the highest index (9.7/100 falls) than in the lowest sixth (1.5/100 falls). Our proposed approach (based on balance, risk of falls, and the fracture risk index) selected a group of older people with high risk of both falls and fall-related fracture. The fracture incidence rate was 144% higher, and the falls incidence rate was 31% higher in the selected residents than in the remainder. CONCLUSION The index could help rationalize fracture prevention programs for frail older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng Chen
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
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O'Neill SG, Giles I, Lambrianides A, Manson J, D'Cruz D, Schrieber L, March LM, Latchman DS, Isenberg DA, Rahman A. Antibodies to apolipoprotein A-I, high-density lipoprotein, and C-reactive protein are associated with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:845-54. [DOI: 10.1002/art.27286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mak JCS, Cameron ID, March LM. Evidence‐based guidelines for the management of hip fractures in older persons: an update. Med J Aust 2010; 192:37-41. [DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03400.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenson C S Mak
- Sacred Heart Rehabilitation Service, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Gosford Hospital, Gosford, NSW
- Rehabilitation Studies Unit, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Ian D Cameron
- Rehabilitation Studies Unit, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Lyn M March
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
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Anandacoomarasamy A, Caterson ID, Leibman S, Smith GS, Sambrook PN, Fransen M, March LM. Influence of BMI on health-related quality of life: comparison between an obese adult cohort and age-matched population norms. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17:2114-8. [PMID: 19390522 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine health-related quality of life and fatigue measures in obese subjects and to compare scores with age- and gender-matched population norms. A total of 163 obese subjects were recruited from laparoscopic-adjustable gastric banding or exercise and diet weight loss programs between March 2006 and December 2007. All subjects completed the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36), Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL), and Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) questionnaires. One-sample t-tests were used to compare transformed scores with age- and gender-matched population norms and controls. Obese subjects have significantly lower SF-36 physical and emotional component scores, significantly lower AQoL utility scores and significantly higher fatigue scores compared to age-matched population norms. Within the study cohort, the SF-36 physical functioning, role physical and bodily pain scores, and AQoL utility index were even lower in subjects with clinical knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, obese individuals without OA still had significantly lower scores compared to population norms. Obesity is associated with impaired health-related quality of life and disability as measured by the SF-36, AQoL, and fatigue score (MAF) compared to matched population norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananthila Anandacoomarasamy
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Bell KJL, Irwig L, March LM, Hayen A, Macaskill P, Craig JC. Should response rules be used to decide continued subsidy of very expensive drugs? A checklist for decision makers. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009; 19:99-105. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cross MJ, Smith EUR, Zochling J, March LM. Differences and similarities between ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis: epidemiology. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2009; 27:S36-S42. [PMID: 19822044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are among the most common rheumatic diseases. The epidemiology of these diseases highlights both similarities and differences. Prevalence rates of approximately 0.2-1% have been reported for the diseases, but the rate for AS is increasing while RA is declining. Geographical variations exist in the incidence and prevalence of the diseases, although the majority of studies have been conducted in northern Europe and North America. AS is a predominantly a male disorder, whereas more females are affected by RA. Both diseases result in increased disability, reduced work productivity, and increased mortality rates. These similarities and differences may give us important clues as to the aetiology of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Cross
- Institute of Bone & Joint Research, University of Sydney, Australia.
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