1
|
Yu P, Wang Y, Su F, Chen Y. Comparing [18F]FET PET and [18F]FDOPA PET for glioma recurrence diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1346951. [PMID: 38269019 PMCID: PMC10805829 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1346951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of our meta-analysis and systematic review was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic effectiveness of [18F]FET PET and [18F]FDOPA PET in detecting glioma recurrence. Methods Sensitivities and specificities were assessed using the DerSimonian and Laird methodology, and subsequently transformed using the Freeman-Tukey double inverse sine transformation. Confidence intervals were computed employing the Jackson method, while heterogeneity within and between groups was evaluated through the Cochrane Q and I² statistics. If substantial heterogeneity among the studies was observed (P < 0.10 or I² > 50%), we conducted meta-regression and sensitivity analyses. Publication bias was assessed through the test of a funnel plot and the application of Egger's test. For all statistical tests, except for assessing heterogeneity (P < 0.10), statistical significance was determined when the two-tailed P value fell below 0.05. Results Initially, 579 publications were identified, and ultimately, 22 studies, involving 1514 patients(1226 patients for [18F]FET PET and 288 patients for [18F]FDOPA PET), were included in the analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of [18F]FET PET were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.75-0.90) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.80-0.91), respectively, while for [18F]FDOPA PET, the values were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.86-1.00) for sensitivity and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.77-0.98) for specificity. A statistically significant difference in sensitivity existed between these two radiotracers (P=0.04), while no significant difference was observed in specificity (P=0.58). Conclusion It seems that [18F]FDOPA PET demonstrates superior sensitivity and similar specificity to [18F] FET PET. Nevertheless, it's crucial to emphasize that [18F]FDOPA PET results were obtained from studies with limited sample sizes. Further larger prospective studies, especially head-to-head comparisons, are needed in this issue. Systematic Review Registration identifier CRD42023463476.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qin L, Zhang JJ, Chen B, Wang SF, Yu PB. [Genetic characteristics of the first human infection with the G4 genotype eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus in Shaanxi Province,China]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 57:1434-1439. [PMID: 37743305 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20220926-00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the genetic characteristics of the first human infection with the G4 genotype of Eurasian avian H1N1 swine influenza virus (EA H1N1 SIV) in Shaanxi Province. Methods: The patient's throat swab samples were collected, and MDCK cells were inoculated for virus isolation to obtain the virus strain. The whole genome deep sequencing method was used to obtain the eight gene segments of the isolated strain. The nucleotide homology analysis was conducted through the Blast program in the GenBank database, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the genetic characteristics of the virus. Results: The throat swab specimens of the case were confirmed as EA H1N1 SIV in the laboratory, and the isolated strain was named A/Shaanxi-Weicheng/1351/2022(H1N1v). Homology analysis found that the PB2, NP, HA, NA, and M genes of this isolate had the highest nucleotide homology with A/swing/Beijing/0301/2018 (H1N1), about 98.29%, 98.73%, 97.41%, 97.52%, and 99.08%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree showed that the isolate belonged to G4 genotype EA H1N1 SIV, with PB2, PB1, PA, NP and M genes from pdm/09 H1N1, HA and NA genes from EA H1N1, and NS gene from Triple-reassortant H1N1. The cleavage site of the HA protein was IPSIQSR↓G, which was the molecular characteristic of the low pathogenic influenza virus. No amino acid mutations associated with neuraminidase inhibitors were found in the NA protein. PB2 protein 701N mutation, PA protein P224S mutation, NP protein Q357K mutation, M protein P41A mutation, and NS protein 92D all indicated its enhanced adaptability to mammals. Conclusion: The patient is the first human infection with G4 genotype EA H1N1 SIV in Shaanxi province. The virus is low pathogenic, but its adaptability to mammals is enhanced. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of such SIVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Qin
- Microbiology Laboratory, Xianyang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - J J Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory, Xianyang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - B Chen
- Viral Disease Department, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - S F Wang
- Microbiology Laboratory, Xianyang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - P B Yu
- Viral Disease Department, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei J, Huang X, Li S, Du S, Yu P, Li J. A Total of 2,657 Reported Cases and 14 Deaths Due to Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome - Shaanxi Province, China, January 1-December 19, 2021. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:1143. [PMID: 35036038 PMCID: PMC8742143 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanshan Du
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiandong Li
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma C, Xu S, Yao Y, Yu P, Xu Y, Wu R, Chen H, Dong X. Mild Breakthrough Infection in a Healthcare Professional Working in the Isolation Area of a Hospital Designated for Treating COVID-19 Patients - Shaanxi Province, China, March, 2021. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:397-400. [PMID: 34594892 PMCID: PMC8422182 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Healthcare workers are at high risk of acquiring COVID-19 from occupational exposure to COVID-19 virus during their daily medical service work. Excellent infection prevention and control measures and adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) are essential to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired COVID-19. What is added by this report? On March 17, 2021, a female healthcare professional who already received both doses of the COVID-19 vaccination and was working in the isolation area of a designated COVID-19 hospital was diagnosed with COVID-19 in Xi’an city. Her exposure likely occurred five days before illness onset when she obtained nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs from the two imported cases that were identified as belonging to the B.1.1.7 lineage, the variant first detected in the United Kingdom. What are the implications for public health practices? Since the healthcare worker had been fully vaccinated and had mild symptomatology, it is considered a mild breakthrough infection. All vaccines are associated with breakthrough infections. In addition to rigorous adherence to infection prevention and control measures, use of adequate PPE, and using good clinical practices, the potential role of chronic upper respiratory infection in acquiring COVID-19 during medical procedures deserves further consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Ma
- Xi'an Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Songtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yecheng Yao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - You Xu
- Xi'an No. 8 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Xi'an Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Xi'an Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Chen C, Song Y, Zhu S, Wang D, Zhang H, Han G, Weng Y, Xu J, Xu J, Yu P, Jiang W, Yang X, Lang Z, Yan D, Wang Y, Song J, Gao GF, Wu G, Xu W. Excretion of SARS-CoV-2 through faecal specimens. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:2501-2508. [PMID: 33161824 PMCID: PMC7717617 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1844551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic with increasing numbers of cases worldwide. SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets or through direct and indirect contact with an infected person. The possibility of potential faecal-oral transmission was investigated in this study. We collected 258 faecal specimens from nine provinces in China and detected the nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 using real-time RT–PCR. Vero cells were used to isolate the virus from SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positive samples, after which sequencing of Spike gene in eight samples was performed. In all, 93 of 258 (36%) stool samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The positive rates of critical, severe, moderate, and mild patients were 54.4%, 56.1%, 30.8%, and 33.3%, respectively. The content of nucleic acid increased within 2 weeks after the onset of the disease. From the perspective of clinical typing, the nucleic acid can be detected in the faeces of critical patients within two weeks and until four to five weeks in the faeces of severe and mild patients. SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from stool specimens of two severe patients. Four non-synonymous mutations in Spike gene were newly detected in three stool samples. A small number of patients had strong faecal detoxification ability. The live virus in faeces could be an important source of contamination, which may lead to infection and further spread in areas with poor sanitary conditions. The findings of this study have public health significance and they should be considered when formulating disease control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- NHC key laboratory for Medical Virology, NHC key laboratory for biosafety. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Chen
- NHC key laboratory for Medical Virology, NHC key laboratory for biosafety. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- NHC key laboratory for Medical Virology, NHC key laboratory for biosafety. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- NHC key laboratory for Medical Virology, NHC key laboratory for biosafety. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- NHC key laboratory for Medical Virology, NHC key laboratory for biosafety. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyue Han
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Weng
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianan Xu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu City, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- ShaanxiProvincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an City, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Jiang
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang City, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianda Yang
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongkai Lang
- Chongqing Wanzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing City, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- NHC key laboratory for Medical Virology, NHC key laboratory for biosafety. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhai Wang
- NHC key laboratory for Medical Virology, NHC key laboratory for biosafety. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingdong Song
- NHC key laboratory for Medical Virology, NHC key laboratory for biosafety. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - George Fu Gao
- NHC key laboratory for Medical Virology, NHC key laboratory for biosafety. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guizhen Wu
- NHC key laboratory for Medical Virology, NHC key laboratory for biosafety. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- NHC key laboratory for Medical Virology, NHC key laboratory for biosafety. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cai R, Mao N, Dai J, Xiang X, Xu J, Ma Y, Li Z, Han G, Yu D, Yin J, Cui A, Zhang Y, Li H, Yu P, Guan L, Tian Y, Sun L, Li Y, Wei Y, Zhu Z, Xu W. Correction: Genetic variability of human adenovirus type 7 circulating in mainland China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234681. [PMID: 32516329 PMCID: PMC7282639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
7
|
Cai R, Mao N, Dai J, Xiang X, Xu J, Ma Y, Li Z, Han G, Yu D, Yin J, Cui A, Zhang Y, Li H, Yu P, Guan L, Tian Y, Sun L, Li Y, Wei Y, Zhu Z, Xu W. Genetic variability of human adenovirus type 7 circulating in mainland China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232092. [PMID: 32352995 PMCID: PMC7192419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV-7) is a highly contagious pathogen that causes severe respiratory illnesses. However, the epidemic patterns and genetic variability of HAdV-7 circulating in mainland China have not been well elucidated. In this study, we used Chinese HAdV sentinel surveillance data obtained from 2012-2015 to investigate the clinical features of 122 HAdV-7-positive cases and performed amplification and sequence determination of three capsid genes (penton base, hexon, and fiber) from 69 isolated viruses covering from seven provinces of China. Additionally, we compared with data from representative sequences of 21 strains covering seven more provinces in China and 32 international HAdV-7 strains obtained from GenBank database to determine the phylogenetic, sequence variations, and molecular evolution of HAdV-7. The results indicated that HAdV-7 infection occurred throughout the year, and a high proportion of severe cases (27 cases, 22.1%) exhibited infantile pneumonia. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis showed that all HAdV-7 strains could be divided into two major evolutionary branches, including subtype 1 and subtype 2, and subtype 3 was also formed according to analysis of the penton base gene. Subtypes 1 and 2 co-circulated in China before 2008, and HAdV-7 strains currently circulating in China belonged to subtype 2, which was also the predominant strain circulating worldwide in recent years. Further sequence variation analysis indicated that three genes of HAdV-7 were relatively stable across time and geographic space, particularly for viruses within subtypes, which shared almost the same variation sites. Owing to continuous outbreaks caused by HAdV-7, resulting in increased illness severity and fatality rates in China, the establishment of a national HAdV surveillance system is urgently needed for the development of effective preventive and infection-control interventions for adenovirus respiratory infections in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Cai
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan city, Anhui province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Naiying Mao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Dai
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan city, Anhui province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Affiliated Huai’an No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an city, Jiangsu province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha city, Hunan province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an city, Shaanxi province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingwei Ma
- Changchun Children’s Hospital, Changchun city, Jilin province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan city, Shandong province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyue Han
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang city, Hebei province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deshan Yu
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou city, Gansu province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yin
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming city, Yunnan province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aili Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan city, Anhui province, People’s Republic of China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou city, Sichuan province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an city, Shaanxi province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luyuan Guan
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an city, Shaanxi province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuling Tian
- Changchun Children’s Hospital, Changchun city, Jilin province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Changchun Children’s Hospital, Changchun city, Jilin province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang city, Hebei province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yamei Wei
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang city, Hebei province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (WX)
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan city, Anhui province, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (WX)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu Y, Zheng Y, Shi W, Guan L, Yu P, Xu J, Zhang L, Ma P, Xu J. Pathogenic characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Shaanxi Province, China, 2010-2016. Sci Rep 2020; 10:989. [PMID: 31969644 PMCID: PMC6976675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood illness caused by enteroviruses. We analyzed the pathogenic characteristics of HFMD in Shaanxi province, China, during 2010-2016. Clinical samples were collected from HFMD cases. Real-time PCR and RT-PCR were used to identify the enterovirus(EVs) serotypes. Viral RNA sequences were amplified using RT-PCR and compared by phylogenetic analysis. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze. A total of 16,832 HFMD positive cases were confirmed in the laboratory. EV-A71 and CV-A16 were the main pathogens in 2010. EV-A71 was the dominant pathogen in the periods of 2011 to 2012 and 2014, 2016. In 2013 and 2015, other EVs increased greatly, in which CV-A6 was the predominant pathogen. EV-A71 was more frequently detected in deaths and severe cases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that EV-A71 belonged to the C4a evolution branch of C4 sub-genotype and CV-A16 belonged to the B1a or B1b evolution branch of B1 sub-genotype, whereas CV-A6 strains were assigned to D2 or D3 sub-genotype. The pathogen spectrum of HFMD has changed in 7 years, and the major serotypes EV-A71, CV- A16 and CV- A6 alternated or co-circulated. Long-term surveillance and research of EVs should be strengthened for the prevention and control of HFMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Department of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Luyuan Guan
- Department of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Department of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiru Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mao N, Zhu Z, Rivailler P, Yang J, Li Q, Han G, Yin J, Yu D, Sun L, Jiang H, Zhan Z, Xiang X, Mei H, Wang X, Zhang B, Yu P, Li H, Lei Z, Xu W. Multiple divergent Human mastadenovirus C co-circulating in mainland of China. Infect Genet Evol 2019; 76:104035. [PMID: 31505276 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The human mastadenovirus C (HAdV-C) cause respiratory infections in children. Homologous recombination was clearly involved in the molecular evolution of HAdV-A, B, and D, but little is known about the molecular evolution of HAdV-C. From 2000 to 2016, 201 HAdV-C strains were collected from nine provinces covering six administrative regions of mainland of China via 3 existing surveillance programs, namely the febrile respiratory syndrome surveillance, the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance, and the hand, foot, and mouth disease surveillance system. The genes coding for the capsid protein (penton base, hexon, and fiber) of 201 HAdV-C strains were sequenced and compared with representative sequences publicly available. In addition, the whole genome sequence of 24 representative strains of HAdV-C was generated for further recombination analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the penton base sequences of HAdV-C revealed six genetic groups (labelled as Px1-6), which showed that the penton base had more variation than previously thought. Based on the penton base, hexon, and fiber gene sequences, 16 new genetic patterns of HAdV-C circulating in mainland of China were identified in this study. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed frequent recombination events among HAdV-C genomes. This study is highly beneficial for case classification, tracking the transmission chain, and further epidemiological exploration of HAdV-C-related severe clinical diseases in the near future. Our data demonstrated that multiple newly divergent HAdV-C co-circulated across mainland China during the research period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naiying Mao
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles, Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles, Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pierre Rivailler
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles, Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfang Yang
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qi Li
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guangyue Han
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Deshan Yu
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Changchun Children's Hospital, Changchun, China
| | | | - Zhifei Zhan
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Xingyu Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Mei
- Xizang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lasa, China
| | - Xianjun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xian, China
| | - Hong Li
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles, Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Zhenqiang Lei
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles, Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles, Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Song J, Wang H, Ng TI, Cui A, Zhu S, Huang Y, Sun L, Yang Z, Yu D, Yu P, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xu W. Sequence Analysis of the Fusion Protein Gene of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Circulating in China from 2003 to 2014. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17618. [PMID: 30514963 PMCID: PMC6279739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) fusion (F) protein is important for HRSV infection, but few studies have examined the genetic diversity of the F gene from Chinese samples. In this study, a total of 330 HRSV F sequences collected from different regions of China between 2003 and 2014 were analyzed to understand their genetic characteristics. In addition, these sequences were compared with 1150 HRSV F sequences in Genbank from 18 other countries. In phylogenetic analysis, Chinese HRSV F sequences sorted into a number of clusters containing sequences from China as well as other countries. F sequences from different genotypes (as determined based on the G gene sequences) within a HRSV subgroup could be found in the same clusters in phylogenetic trees generated based on F gene sequences. Amino acid analysis showed that HRSV F sequences from China and other countries were highly conserved. Of interest, F protein sequences from all Chinese samples were completely conserved at the palivizumab binding site, thus predicting the susceptibility of these strains to this neutralizing antibody. In conclusion, HRSV F sequences from China between 2003 and 2014, similar to those from other countries, were highly conserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Song
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Wang
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Aili Cui
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhi Huang
- Jilin Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Jilin Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Deshan Yu
- Gansu Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Xian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang L, Li X, Wu R, Chen H, Liu J, Wang Z, Xing Y, Ishaq HM, Wang J, Yu P, Xu J, Ma C. A gastroenteritis outbreak associated with drinking water in a college in northwest China. J Water Health 2018; 16:508-515. [PMID: 30067234 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2018.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An acute gastroenteritis outbreak occurred at a private college in June 2014 in northwest China. This outbreak involved two teachers and 629 students (range: 17-27 years, average 21.3 years). The main symptoms included non-bloody watery diarrhea, stomach ache, nausea, and vomiting, and the duration of illness ranged from 1 to 7 days. Eight of 18 water samples were disqualified. Thirty-four norovirus (NoV) RNA-positive samples were identified from 48 stool-related samples (genotyping results: 13 GII, 13 GI and 8 GI + GII mixture). Fourteen NoV samples were successfully characterized for genotype, including two GII.6, five GI.6, four GI.3, and three GI.1. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enteroadherent Escherichia coli (EAEC) DNA was detected from patient stool specimens and water samples from well one; two EAEC strains and one EPEC strain were isolated from patient stool specimens. The risk ratios (RRs) associated with wells one and two were 1.66 and 1.49, respectively, and the RR associated with living in north dormitory building one was 2.59. The patients' epidemiological characteristics, symptoms, and duration of illness indicated that NoV-contaminated water might be the origin of this outbreak, and RR analysis suggested that the two wells were linked to the outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710043, China; Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256, Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Xiu'E Li
- Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, No. 30, Fenxiang, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 599, Xiying Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China E-mail:
| | - Hailong Chen
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 599, Xiying Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China E-mail:
| | - Jifeng Liu
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 599, Xiying Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China E-mail:
| | - Zengguo Wang
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 599, Xiying Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China E-mail:
| | - Yuan Xing
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 599, Xiying Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China E-mail:
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710043, China
| | - Jingjun Wang
- Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3, Jiandong Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3, Jiandong Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Jiru Xu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710043, China
| | - Chaofeng Ma
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 599, Xiying Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo C, Zhang H, Xie X, Liu Y, Sun L, Li H, Yu P, Hu H, Sun J, Li Y, Feng Q, Zhao X, Liang D, Wang Z, Hu J. H1N1 influenza virus epitopes classified by monoclonal antibodies. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2001-2007. [PMID: 30186431 PMCID: PMC6122413 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epitopes serve an important role in influenza infection. It may be useful to screen universal influenza virus vaccines, analyzing the epitopes of multiple subtypes of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. A total of 40 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) previously obtained from flu virus HA antigens (development and characterization of 40 mAbs generated using H1N1 influenza virus split vaccines were previously published) were used to detect and classify mAbs into distinct flu virus sub-categories using the ELISA method. Following this, the common continuous amino acid sequences were identified by multiple sequence alignment analysis with the GenBank database and DNAMAN software, for use in predicting the epitopes of the HA protein. Synthesized peptides of these common sequences were prepared, and used to verify and determine the predicted linear epitopes through localization and distribution analyses. With these methods, nine HA linear epitopes distributed among different strains of influenza virus were identified, which included three from influenza A, four from 2009 H1N1 and seasonal influenza, and two from H1. The present study showed that considering a combination of the antigen-antibody reaction specificity, variation in the influenza virus HA protein and linear epitopes may present a useful approach for designing effective multi-epitope vaccines. Furthermore, the study aimed to clarify the cause and pathogenic mechanism of influenza virus HA-induced flu, and presents a novel idea for identifying the epitopes of other pathogenic microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Guo
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Haixiang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Huijin Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Center of Shaanxi Provincial Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Viral Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710052, P.R. China
| | - Hanyu Hu
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Jingying Sun
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Qing Feng
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xiangrong Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Daoyan Liang
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang Q, Shi W, Zhang L, Xu Y, Xu J, Li S, Zhang J, Hu K, Ma C, Zhao X, Li X, Liu F, Tong X, Zhang G, Yu P, Pybus OG, Tian H. Westward Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus among Humans, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24:1095-1098. [PMID: 29619922 PMCID: PMC6004833 DOI: 10.3201/eid2406.171135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report infection of humans with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in Shaanxi, China, in May 2017. We obtained complete genomes for samples from 5 patients and from live poultry markets or farms in 4 cities. Results indicate that H7N9 is spreading westward from southern and eastern China.
Collapse
|
14
|
Tang S, Yan Q, Shi W, Wang X, Sun X, Yu P, Wu J, Xiao Y. Measuring the impact of air pollution on respiratory infection risk in China. Environ Pollut 2018; 232:477-486. [PMID: 28966029 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
China is now experiencing major public health challenges caused by air pollution. Few studies have quantified the dynamics of air pollution and its impact on the risk of respiratory infection. We conducted an integrated data analysis to quantify the association among air quality index (AQI), meteorological variables and respiratory infection risk in Shaanxi province of China in the period of November 15th, 2010 to November 14th, 2016. Our analysis illustrated a statistically significantly positive correlation between the number of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases and AQI, and the respiratory infection risk has increased progressively with increased AQI with a time lag of 0-3 days. We also developed mathematical models for the AQI trend and respiratory infection dynamics, incorporating AQI-dependent incidence and AQI-based behaviour change interventions. Our combined data and modelling analysis estimated the basic reproduction number for the respiratory infection during the studying period to be 2.4076, higher than the basic reproduction number of the 2009 pandemic influenza in the same province. Our modelling-based simulations concluded that, in terms of respiratory infection risk reduction, the persistent control of emission in the China's blue-sky programme is much more effective than substantial social-economic interventions implemented only during the smog days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanyi Tang
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, PR China
| | - Qinling Yan
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710054, PR China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710054, PR China.
| | - Jianhong Wu
- Centre for Disease Modelling, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Yanni Xiao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Song J, Wang H, Shi J, Cui A, Huang Y, Sun L, Xiang X, Ma C, Yu P, Yang Z, Li Q, Ng TI, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Xu W. Emergence of BA9 genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup B in China from 2006 to 2014. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16765. [PMID: 29196726 PMCID: PMC5711796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the circulation of HRSV subgroup B (HRSVB) in China in recent years. HRSVB sequences from 365 samples collected in 1991, 2004 and 2008-2014 in China, together with 332 Chinese HRSVB sequences obtained from GenBank were analyzed to determine the geographic and yearly distribution of HRSVB. Phylogenetic analysis revealed these HRSVB sequences clustered into 4 genotypes with different frequencies: BA (83%), CB1 (11%), SAB (3.0%) and GB3 (0.7%). Between 2005 and 2013, there was a co-circulation of BA and non-BA genotypes in China. Genotypes BA9 and BA10 were two of the main BA genotypes detected in this study. Genotype BA9 was first detected in China in 2006 and became the predominant HRSVB genotype circulating in China from 2008 to 2014. Three different lineages were detected for both genotypes BA9 and BA10. Time to the most recent common ancestor for genotypes BA9 and BA10 was estimated for years 1997 and 1996, respectively. Results of this study not only contribute to the understanding of the circulation pattern, but also the phylogenetic pattern and evolution of HRSVB in China from 1991 to 2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Song
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Wang
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shi
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Lu Juan Community Health Center of Daxing region, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aili Cui
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhi Huang
- Jilin Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Jilin Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofeng Ma
- Xian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xian, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Xian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Hebei Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongbo Zhang
- Medical College, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Medical College, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tian H, Yu P, Chowell G, Li S, Wei J, Tian H, Lv W, Han Z, Yang J, Huang S, Zhou S, Brownstein JS, Wang J, Xu B. Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Humans, Domesticated Animals, Ticks, and Mosquitoes, Shaanxi Province, China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:1346-1349. [PMID: 28719252 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe first human infection with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) was detected in Shaanxi Province, China, in 2013, although the virus had been reported in 13 other provinces of China since 2010. We collected and analyzed a total of 4,011 samples, including 936 human serum samples, 155 animal serum samples, 895 ticks, 1,950 mosquitoes, 30 midges, and 20 sandflies. SFTSV antibodies were found in 44 human samples (4.7%) with no significant differences between males and females or across counties. The incidence rate of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome was significantly higher among individuals 20-60 years of age. Moreover, SFTSV-specific antibodies were detected in goats (66.7%), cattle (13.2%), and dogs (15.0%), but not in pigs (0%). We detected the virus in Haemaphysalis concinna ticks with a prevalence rate of 21.3% (17/80 pools). All mosquito, midge, and sandfly samples were negative for SFTSV. These results support wide circulation of the virus in western China. Haemaphysalis concinna ticks may serve as a novel SFTSV vector, and the role of these ticks requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Gerardo Chowell
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shen Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Baoji Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Baoji, China
| | - Wen Lv
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Zongqi Han
- Long County Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Shaanxi Province, Baoji, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John S Brownstein
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjun Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang N, Zhang L, Zhao L, Ren Y, Cui D, Chen J, Wang Y, Yu P, Chen F. iTRAQ and virus-induced gene silencing revealed three proteins involved in cold response in bread wheat. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7524. [PMID: 28790462 PMCID: PMC5548720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
By comparing the differentially accumulated proteins from the derivatives (UC 1110 × PI 610750) in the F10 recombinant inbred line population which differed in cold-tolerance, altogether 223 proteins with significantly altered abundance were identified. The comparison of 10 cold-sensitive descendant lines with 10 cold-tolerant descendant lines identified 140 proteins that showed decreased protein abundance, such as the components of the photosynthesis apparatus and cell-wall metabolism. The identified proteins were classified into the following main groups: protein metabolism, stress/defense, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, sulfur metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, RNA metabolism, energy production, cell-wall metabolism, membrane and transportation, and signal transduction. Results of quantitative real-time PCR of 20 differentially accumulated proteins indicated that the transcriptional expression patterns of 10 genes were consistent with their protein expression models. Virus-induced gene silencing of Hsp90, BBI, and REP14 genes indicated that virus-silenced plants subjected to cold stress had more severe drooping and wilting, an increased rate of relative electrolyte leakage, and reduced relative water content compared to viral control plants. Furthermore, ultrastructural changes of virus-silenced plants were destroyed more severely than those of viral control plants. These results indicate that Hsp90, BBI, and REP14 potentially play vital roles in conferring cold tolerance in bread wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Agronomy College/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lingran Zhang
- Agronomy College/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Agronomy College/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Agronomy College/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dangqun Cui
- Agronomy College/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Agronomy College/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yongyan Wang
- Agronomy College/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Agronomy College/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Agronomy College/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ma C, Hao X, Deng H, Wu R, Liu J, Yang Y, Li S, Han Y, Wei M, Zhang J, Wang J, Li H, Tian H, Xu B, Yu P, Wu X. Re-emerging of rabies in Shaanxi province, China, from 2009 to 2015. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1511-1519. [PMID: 28112421 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To explore the epidemiological, phylogeographic, and migration characteristics of human rabies in Shaanxi province, China from 2009 to 2015. The collected data were described and the sequenced glycoprotein (G) and nucleoprotein (N) genes were implemented to estimate the evolutionary rates and phylogeographic patterns using BEAST v.1.8.2. A total of 269 rabies cases were reported and 70.26% of the cases were male and 61.71% were between the ages of 19-59. The majority of the cases were farmers (83.27%). The estimated evolutionary rate of the N genes was 2.4 × 10-4 substitutions/site/year and the G genes was 3.4 × 10-4 . The time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) was estimated around 1990. We detected viral migration paths from Sichuan, Guizhou, and Hunan to Hanzhong prefecture of Shaanxi and then spreaded to Xi'an and other prefectures. The main population affected by rabies virus was male adult farmers. The evolution rate of rabies viruses in Shaanxi was similar with the prior results reported by others and the ancestor virus should be circulating in neighboring province Sichuan around 1990 and then transmitted to Shaanxi. Promptly standard wound treatment and timely post-exposure prophylaxis should be compulsory for the dog-bitten victims.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Ma
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyun Hao
- Xi'an Medical Emergency Center, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Rui Wu
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Shen Li
- Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifei Han
- Hanzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingmin Wei
- Weinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- Xianyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingjun Wang
- Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Hengxin Li
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Huaiyu Tian
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Xu
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaokang Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Y, Zhao X, Guo C, Li Y, Wang G, Liang D, Yu P, Li Y, Hu J. [Preparation and identification of monoclonal antibody against H1N1 influenza virus]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 33:688-694. [PMID: 28502308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To prepare the monoclonal antibody (mAb) against influenza A virus (H1N1) using purified viral particles as antigen and investigate the characterization of host cells infected with influenza virus utilizing the mAb. Methods A/PR/8 (H1N1) virus was cultured in embryonated chicken eggs and further purified by differential and density gradient centrifugation. The structure of viral particles was identified by transmission electron microcopy (TEM). Immunogenicity of purified virus was evaluated by Balb/c mice immunized with formalin-inactivated virus. Hybridomas secreting mAbs were established through a fusion of Sp2/0 myeloma cells and splenocytes from the mice immunized with the virus. The characteristics of mAb were identified by ELISA, immunofluorescence assay (IFA), Western blotting, hemagglutinin inhibition assay (HI) and microneutralization assay. The outside hemagglutinin (HA) on the plasma membrane of the host MDCK cells in which the viruses were propagated and the apoptosis of MDCK cells infected with the viruses were measured using flow cytometry. Cell-based ELISA was established using mAb specific to HA. Subsequently, the growth of virus was analyzed by cell-based ELISA. Results Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the physical structures of the purified virus were spherical, elliptical and extended threadlike. Serum IgG titer to influenza virus showed a progressive increase, and the IgG titer reached 106 after the immunization for 6 weeks. Six hybridoma clones secreting mAb specific to A/PR/8 were developed by hybridoma technology. The HI and neutralization activities of PR8-10 mAb were significantly higher than those of the other mAbs. HI and neutralization titers of PR8-10 mAb were 1:2048 and 1:640, respectively. IFA and Western blotting confirmed that PR8-10 mAb could recognize HA. Flow cytometry showed that PR8-10 mAb also recognized HA on the membrane of MDCK in which the viruses were replicated and virus infection induced the apoptosis of MDCK cells. Based on the previous test results that PR8-10 mAb was able to recognize HA on the membrane of the host cells in which the viruses were replicated, cell-based ELISA we established was good at analyzing the growth of virus in MDCK cells. Conclusion We obtained whole viral particles that were demonstrated to be able to stimulate the production of a high IgG titer in a mouse model with formalin-inactivated viral particles, and successfully prepared the mAb against H1N1 of high binding affinity and neutralization potency. HA-specific mAb can be used to analyze the characteristics of virus infection process and the effect of virus infection on the host cells as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Chunyan Guo
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Yan Li
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Daoyan Liang
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710052, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China. *Corresponding authors, E-mail:
| | - Jun Hu
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, China. *Corresponding authors, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tian H, Yu P, Bjørnstad ON, Cazelles B, Yang J, Tan H, Huang S, Cui Y, Dong L, Ma C, Ma C, Zhou S, Laine M, Wu X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang R, Stenseth NC, Xu B. Anthropogenically driven environmental changes shift the ecological dynamics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006198. [PMID: 28141833 PMCID: PMC5302841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonoses are increasingly recognized as an important burden on global public health in the 21st century. High-resolution, long-term field studies are critical for assessing both the baseline and future risk scenarios in a world of rapid changes. We have used a three-decade-long field study on hantavirus, a rodent-borne zoonotic pathogen distributed worldwide, coupled with epidemiological data from an endemic area of China, and show that the shift in the ecological dynamics of Hantaan virus was closely linked to environmental fluctuations at the human-wildlife interface. We reveal that environmental forcing, especially rainfall and resource availability, exert important cascading effects on intra-annual variability in the wildlife reservoir dynamics, leading to epidemics that shift between stable and chaotic regimes. Our models demonstrate that bimodal seasonal epidemics result from a powerful seasonality in transmission, generated from interlocking cycles of agricultural phenology and rodent behavior driven by the rainy seasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ottar N. Bjørnstad
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Bernard Cazelles
- Ecologie & Evolution, UMR 7625, UPMC-ENS, Paris, France
- UMMISCO UMI 209 IRD - UPMC, Bondy, France
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaofeng Ma
- Xi’an Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changan Ma
- Hu County Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sen Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Marko Laine
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaoxu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjun Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Nils Chr. Stenseth
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of OsloBlindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xu S, Chen M, Zheng H, Wang H, Chen M, Zhou J, Shuang W, Yu P, Ma C, He J, Feng D, Zhen Z, Yan Z, Naiying M, Cui A, Wu Q, Qi M, Li C, Xu X, Xu W. Nationwide distribution of varicella-zoster virus clades in China. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:542. [PMID: 27717328 PMCID: PMC5054591 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2010, a universal nomenclature for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) clades was established, which is very useful in the monitoring of viral evolution, recombination, spread and genetic diversity. Currently, information about VZV clades has been disclosed worldwide, however, there are limited data regarding the characterization of circulating VZV clades in China, even where varicella remains widely epidemic. Methods From 2008 to 2012, clinical samples with varicella or zoster were collected in General Hospital in eight provinces and analyzed by PCR, restriction endonuclease digestion and sequencing. The viral clades were determined by analysis of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 447-bp fragment of open reading frame (ORF) 22, and the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of ORF 38 (PstI), ORF 54 (BglI) and ORF 62 (SmaI) were evaluated to understand genetic diversity of VZV and determinate varicella vaccine adverse event (VVAE). Results Seventy-seven varicella and 11 zoster samples were identified as being positive for VZV. The five SNPs profile showed that the majority of VZV strains belonged to clade 2, but clade 5 and clade 4 strains were also found in Guangdong. The RFLPs analysis of the DNA fragments of ORF 38, 54 and 62 showed that 85 of these samples were characterized as PstI + BglI + SamI-, and the remaining three VZV strains from varicella patients were characterized as PstI-BglI + SamI+ which is the genetic profile of VVAEs. Conclusions The study suggested that the predominant clade 2 VZVs had been continually circulating since at least the 1950s in China. Nearly all VZV strains except VVAEs possessed the genetic profile of PstI + BglI + Sam-. However, the other clades were also found to be co-circulating with clade 2, especially in the border regions. These results highlighted the need for the constant and broad use of virologic surveillance to provide an important genetic baseline for varicella control and vaccination programs in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing City, 102206, China
| | - Mukai Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huanying Zheng
- Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou City, 510300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan City, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing City, 100021, China
| | - Jianhui Zhou
- Jilin province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun City, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wang Shuang
- Jilin province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun City, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xian City, 710012, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Chaofeng Ma
- Xi'an city Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xian City, 710031, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Jilan He
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu City, 610014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Daxing Feng
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou City, 450016, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhu Zhen
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing City, 102206, China
| | - Zhang Yan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing City, 102206, China
| | - Mao Naiying
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing City, 102206, China
| | - Aili Cui
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing City, 102206, China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing City, 102206, China
| | - Mengyuan Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chongshan Li
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai City, 200336, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing City, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ma C, Yu P, Li H, Wang J. [Prevalent status of heamorrhage fever with renal syndrome and immunization strategy in China]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 48:1039-1042. [PMID: 25619212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
|
23
|
Moore JE, Huang J, Yu P, Ma C, Moore PJ, Millar BC, Goldsmith CE, Xu J. High diversity of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance in salmonid fish farm pond water as determined by molecular identification employing 16S rDNA PCR, gene sequencing and total antibiotic susceptibility techniques. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 108:281-286. [PMID: 25105488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the microbiological and related parameters (antibiotic resistance and pathogen identification) of water at two salmonid fish farms in Northern Ireland. Total Bacterial Counts at the Movanagher Fish Farm was 1730 colony forming units (cfu)/ml water (log10 3.24cfu/ml) and 3260cfu/ml (log10 3.51cfu/ml) at the Bushmills Salmon Station. Examination of resulting organisms revealed 10 morphological phenotypes, which were subsequently sequenced to determine their identification. All these organisms were Gram-negative and no Gram-positive organisms were isolated from any water sample. From these phenotypes, eight different genera were identified including Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Chryseobacterium, Erwinia, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas and Rheinheimera. One unnamed novel taxon was identified from water at the Movanagher Fish Farm, belonging to the genus Acinetobacter and has been tentatively named Acinetobacter movanagherensis. No other novel taxa were observed. All but one of these environmental organisms (Erwinia) are potential pathogens of fish disease. Total antibiotic resistance was observed to varying degrees in water specimens. The most resistant populations were observed in water taken from the Bushmills Salmon Station inlet, followed by water from the Movanagher Fish Farm. No resistance was observed against tetracycline and there was only one occurrence of resistance against ciprofloxacin. Overall, this study indicates that potential fish pathogens made up the majority of environmental organisms identified, even in the absence of recorded fish disease. There was also relatively high levels of total antibiotic resistance in the bacterial water populations examined, where tetracycline was the only antibiotic with zero resistance. These data indicate that the threat of bacterial disease is relatively close due to the indigenous colonization of farm water and that husbandry standards should be maintained at a high standard to avert bacterial disease outbreaks, rather than relying on the absence of specific pathogens in the immediate farm environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AD, UK; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK; Centre for Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Health Sciences, Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Junhua Huang
- Department of Medical Technology, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 Jian Dong Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Chaofeng Ma
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Peter Ja Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AD, UK; Ballymena Academy, Galgorm Road, Ballymena, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT42 1AJ, UK
| | - Beverley C Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AD, UK
| | - Colin E Goldsmith
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AD, UK
| | - Jiru Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Xian Jiatong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li W, Han L, Yu P, Ma C, Wu X, Moore JE, Xu J. Molecular characterization of skin microbiota between cancer cachexia patients and healthy volunteers. Microb Ecol 2014; 67:679-689. [PMID: 24402361 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation contributes to both the development of cancer and of cachexia. The microenvironment of bacterial habitats might be changed during the progression of cancer cachexia. The aim of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively compare the composition of the skin microbiota between cancer cachexia patients and healthy volunteers. Cutaneous bacteria were swabbed at the axillary fossa of 70 cancer cachexia patients and 34 healthy individuals from China. Nested-PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) with primers specifically targeting V3 region and quantitative PCR (qPCR) for total bacteria, Corynebacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Staphylococcus epidermidis were performed on all samples. Barcoded 454 pyrosequencing of the V3-V4 regions was performed on 30 randomly selected samples. By comparing diversity and richness indices, we found that the skin microbiome of cachectic cancer patients is less diverse than that of healthy participants, though these differences were not significant. The main microbes that reside on human skin were divided into four phyla: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Staphylococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. were the dominant bacteria at the genus level. Significantly fewer Corynebacterium spp. had been observed in cachexia patients compared to healthy subjects. These results suggest that the presence of cancer and cachexia alters human skin bacterial communities. Understanding the changes in microbiota during cancer cachexia may lead to new insights into the syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No. 76, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu P, Ma C, Nawaz M, Han L, Zhang J, Du Q, Zhang L, Feng Q, Wang J, Xu J. Outbreak of acute respiratory disease caused by human adenovirus type 7 in a military training camp in Shaanxi, China. Microbiol Immunol 2014; 57:553-60. [PMID: 23734976 PMCID: PMC7168384 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of ARD associated with HAdV have been reported in military populations in many countries. Here, we report an ARD outbreak caused by HAdV‐7 in a military training camp in Shaanxi Province, China, from February to March of 2012. Epidemic data and samples from the patients were collected, and viral nucleotides from samples and viral isolations were detected and sequenced. IgG and IgA antibodies against HAdV, and the neutralization antibodies against the viral strain isolated in this outbreak, were detected. Epidemiological study showed that all personnel affected were males with an average age of 19.1 years. Two peaks appeared on the epicurve and there was an 8‐day interval between peaks. Laboratory results of viral nucleotide detection carried out with clinical specimens were positive for HAdV (83.33%, 15/18). Further study through serum antibody assay, virus isolation and phylogenetic analysis showed that HAdV‐7 was the etiological agent responsible for the outbreak. IgA antibody began to appear on the 4th day after the onset and showed 100% positivity on the 8th day. The virus strain in the present outbreak was highly similar to the virus isolated in Hanzhong Shaanxi in 2009. We conclude that HAdV‐7 was the pathogen corresponding to the outbreak, and this is the first report of an ARD outbreak caused by HAdV‐7 in military persons in China. Vaccine development, as well as enhanced epidemiological and virological surveillance of HAdV infections in China should be emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Yu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li W, Han L, Yu P, Ma C, Wu X, Xu J. Nested PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of human skin microbial diversity with age. Microbiol Res 2014; 169:686-92. [PMID: 24656938 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether the composition and structure of skin microbiota differ with age, cutaneous bacteria were isolated from the axillary fossa of 37 healthy human adults in two age groups (old people and young adults). Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and characterized by nested PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) with primers specifically targeting V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The excised gel bands were sequenced to identify bacterial categories. The total bacteria, Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium spp. were further enumerated by quantitative PCR. There were no significant differences in the species diversity profiles between age groups. The similarity index was lower across age groups than that it was intra-group. This indicates that the composition of skin flora is more similar to others of the same age than across age groups. While Staphylococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. were the dominant bacteria in both groups, sequencing and quantitative PCR revealed that skin bacterial composition differed by age. The copy number of total bacteria and Corynebacterium spp. were significantly lower in younger subjects, whereas there were no statistical differences in the quantity of Staphylococcus spp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis. These results suggest that the skin flora undergo both quantitative and qualitative changes related to aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No. 76, 710061 Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No. 76, 710061 Xi'an, China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No. 76, 710061 Xi'an, China
| | - Chaofeng Ma
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 710054 Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaokang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004 Xi'an, China
| | - Jiru Xu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No. 76, 710061 Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ma C, Wang Z, Li S, Xing Y, Wu R, Wei J, Nawaz M, Tian H, Xu B, Wang J, Yu P. Analysis of an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in college students in Xi'an, China. Viruses 2014; 6:507-15. [PMID: 24481251 PMCID: PMC3939468 DOI: 10.3390/v6020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), caused by a Hantavirus, in college students in the northern urban area of Xi'an in 2012. The outbreak affected six students and included two deaths. The epidemiological survey revealed that both of the deceased cases were misdiagnosed initially, and treatment was delayed. Furthermore, a higher rodent population density and lower HFRS vaccine coverage were observed in the affected area, which indicates a possible role in the outbreak. Rattus norvegicus (Rn) and Mus musculus (Mm) were the predominant host populations in the area. Genotyping revealed that all HVs from patients and rodents were Hantaan virus (HTNV). Sequence analysis of the S segments revealed that the HTNVs reported in this study had high similarity with strains reported in 2011 and 1985, but these viruses diverged from a strain isolated in 1984 and the HTNV prototype strain 76-118. Detection of anti-HV IgG and amplification of the S segment of HTNV from a non-natural HTNV reservoir indicates that further investigations by increased rodent trapping are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Ma
- Xi'an Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Zengguo Wang
- Xi'an Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Shen Li
- Shaanxi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Yuan Xing
- Xi'an Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Rui Wu
- Xi'an Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Jing Wei
- Shaanxi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Huaiyu Tian
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Bing Xu
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jingjun Wang
- Shaanxi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang P, Ji YX, Xu ST, Yu DS, Yu PB, Zhang H, Xu J, Cui AL, Wei HL, Xu WB. [Genetic characterization of human parainfluenza virus 3 circulating in Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces from 2009 to 2011]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2013; 29:509-514. [PMID: 24386839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the genetic characterization of Human parainfluenza virus-3 (HPIV-3) circulating in Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces of China, 719 throat swabs were collected from pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections from 2009-2011. Multiplex RT-PCR was used to screen common respiratory viral pathogens. For HPIV-3-positive specimens, nested RT-PCR was used to amplify the HN gene of HPIV-3. The nucleotides of Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase(HN)gene of 13 HPIV-3 positive strains identified in Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces were successfully sequenced and compared with those downloaded from GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotides sequence of HN gene showed that 13 HPIV-3 strains belonged to sub-cluster C3 with little sequence variation (overall nucleotide divergence of 0.2%-2.3% and amino acid divergence at 0-1.1%). Compared with the complete gene of HPIV-3 strains from U.S.A., Canada, and Australia, the biggest divergence of the nucleotide and amino acid lovels was 6.0% and 3.4%, respectively. The nucleotide divergence between shaanxi09-2 and shaanxi10-H0091 was 0.9%, while the nucleotide divergence between shaanxi10-H005 and gansull-62110372 was 0.5%, between shaanxi09-2 and BJ/291/09 was 0.6%. However, there was no amino acid divergence among them. It is likely that HPIV-3 virus had been transmitting in Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces for several years. Human parainfluenza virus-3 (HPIV-3) circulated in Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces from 2009 to 2011 belonged to sub-cluster C3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Basic Medical School, Laboratory Center for Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yi-xin Ji
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Song-tao Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - De-shan Yu
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng-bo Yu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xian 710000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xian 710000, China
| | - Ai-li Cui
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hu-lai Wei
- Basic Medical School, Laboratory Center for Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wen-bo Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Han L, Lei J, Han S, He L, Ma C, Yu P, Wu X, Xu J. An improved susceptibility test based on Amberlite reveals the potential antilisterial activity of fosfomycin in vitro. Can J Microbiol 2013; 59:252-9. [PMID: 23586749 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2012-0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is resistant to fosfomycin in vitro but is susceptible in vivo due to increased expression of positive regulator factor A (PrfA) and its dependent factor, hexose phosphate transporter (Hpt), upon infection of host cells. Amberlite, a polymeric adsorbent resin, could induce PrfA-dependent gene expression and thus, in theory, improve the sensitivity of L. monocytogenes to fosfomycin in vitro. In the current study, an improved susceptibility test based on Amberlite was developed using reference strains. Thirty-five clinical isolates were further examined to verify those preliminary results. Briefly, Amberlite increased in vitro fosfomycin sensitivity of all strains. Optimal Amberlite concentrations, as evaluated through the expression of phospholipase B (PlcB) and Hpt, were 10% and 15% (w/v) in agar media and 3% (w/v) in broth media. Mueller–Hinton (MH) medium, tryptone soya (TS) medium, and brain heart infusion (BHI) medium were used to verify the results in the control strains using agar dilution and broth micro- and macro-dilution methods. Better listerial growth was shown in TS and BHI than in MH. Both broth dilution methods yielded lower minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fosfomycin than the agar dilution method. The MIC of fosfomycin for 35 clinical isolates was 2–32 μg/mL, suggesting improved susceptibility. In conclusion, in vitro sensitivity of L. monocytogenes to fosfomycin was substantially improved in the presence of 3% Amberlite-supplemented TSB or BHIB and the broth microdilution method. This improved method revealed the potential antilisterial activity of fosfomycin in vitro and could facilitate the therapy of listeriosis using fosfomycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jin'e Lei
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shaoshan Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Li He
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chaofeng Ma
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, P.R. China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China; Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokang Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710014, P.R. China
| | - Jiru Xu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yu PB, Li S, Wei J, Ma CA, Lu XL, DU SQ, Guan LY, Zheng Y, Dong JH, Ma CF, Wang JJ. [Comparison of direct immune-fluorescent assay and real-time quantitative PCR in detecting the Hantavirus]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2013; 47:367-370. [PMID: 23928646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the differences between the direct immuno-fluorescent assay (DFA) and real-time quantitative PCR in detecting the Hantavirus (HV) in rat lungs. METHODS From April to October in 2012, a total of 479 rats were caught by mouse-trap in residential or wild areas in Huxian, Jingyang, and Meixian of Shaanxi province, where haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) was highly prevalent. The rats were dissected to take the two lungs, one was frozen and applied immuno-fluorescent assay to detect HV antigen while the other one was extracted its RNA and detected HV nucleic acid by real-time quantitative PCR. Then we compared the positive rate of the two methods. RESULTS Out of the 479 rats, 105 were caught from residential areas and the other 374 were caught from wild areas. Among the 105 rats caught from residential areas, no HV were detected out neither by DFA nor by real-time quantitative PCR. Among the 374 wild rats, 13.1% (49/374) were detected HV positive by DFA and 14.7% (55/374) were detected HV positive by real-time quantitative PCR. The difference showed no statistical significance (χ(2) = 0.402, P = 0.526). When detecting each lung sample, the HV positive rate was 10.2% (49/479) under the detection by DFA while the HV positive rate was 11.5% (55/479) under the detection by real-time quantitative PCR. The difference had no statistical significance (χ(2) = 1.286, P = 0.257) and the consistency coefficient was 68.2% under the paired chi-square test analysis, which showed high consistency (u = 11.759, P < 0.05). The sensitivity of real-time quantitative PCR to detect HV was 77.6% (38/49) comparing with DFA as standard, and the specificity was 96.1% (413/430). Out of the 9 suspected HV positive sample detected by DFA, 6 were confirmed positive by real-time quantitative PCR and 3 were denied. CONCLUSION Compared with the DFA, real-time quantitative PCR could also be used to detect the infection of HV in rats, and the result might be more stable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-bo Yu
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shi J, Yu PB, Zhang Y, Cui AL, Xu J, Huang GH, Shi W, Mao NY, Xu WB, Wang JJ, Kong XH. [Analysis the viral etiology of fever and respiratory tract infection syndrome in Shaanxi province]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2013; 27:8-10. [PMID: 23855118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analysis the viral pathogenic spectrum for patients with fever and respiratory tract infection syndrome in Shaanxi province during 2010 and investigate the molecular epidemiology characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus. METHODS A total of 208 patients' pharyngeal swabs were collected based on surveillance definition from January 2010 to January 2011 and screened for sixteen human respiratory virus types/subtypes by Qiaxcel-based multiplex reverse transcription-PCR assay, including HRV,HCoV, Flu, HPIV, ADV, HRSV, HMPV and HBoV and investigate molecular epidemiology of HRSV by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the C-terminal second hypervariable region of the G gene. RESULTS 109 out of 208 specimens (53%) were positive for one or more viruses. HRSV(42. 2%) was the dominant pathogen detected, followed by Flu(24. 5%), PIV(20%), HRV(13.6%) and ADV( 10.9%),there were also 8 strains of HCoV, 5 strains of HMPV and 3 strains of HBoV detected. The results showed that 22 specimens were positive for two or more viruses, PIV (14/22) was the most frequently detected viral agent among co-infection specimens, and the highest incidence of mixed infection is aged 15-39 years group (P < 0.05). The overall viral detection rate was no related to age. In addition to Flu, HMPV and PIV, other viruses (HRV, HBoV, HCoV, ADV, RSV) mainly infected 0 to 4 years old children. Among 46 HRSV positive specimens, 42 HRSV-A strains clustered into NA1 genotype and two HRSV-B strains clustered into two genotypes, BA9 and GB2. CONCLUSION HRSV is the dominate pathogen collected from patients with fever and respiratory tract infection syndrome in Shaanxi and HRSV A is the predominant subtype. For most viruses, infection was most prevalent among children aged <4 years. PIV was the most common pathogen in co-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Department of Immunology Laboratory in Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ma C, Yu P, Nawaz M, Zuo S, Jin T, Li Y, Li J, Li H, Xu J. Hantaviruses in rodents and humans, Xi'an, PR China. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:2227-2236. [PMID: 22837422 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.043364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi province, located in north-west China, is one of the major endemic areas for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). In this study, the epidemiological data of HFRS in Xi'an from 1959 to 2010, especially in the past ten years (2001-2010), were surveyed. The features of hantavirus (HV) host carriers, the molecular characteristics of the HV S gene from hosts and patients, and the genome of the viral isolate were also investigated. Data showed that there might be a ten-year cycle of HFRS in Xi'an. Although the main population group infected over the past ten years was still the 16-59-year-old male farmers, the composition of the population and geographical distribution of HFRS cases have changed slowly, accompanied by the development of environmental and socio-economic situations. Apodemus agrarius remains the dominant host of HV. The HV strains from host rodents and patients in Xi'an belonged to the Hantaan virus (HTNV); no Seoul virus strains were found. Phylogenetic analysis of the small segments of strains taken from hosts and patients, and the whole genome of a viral isolate showed that the virus circulating in Xi'an had high similarity to Guizhou strains. The study also indicated that the vaccine candidate strain A16 isolated during the past century in Xi'an might be a recombinant strain of HTNV and the Amur virus, thus it may not be an optimal vaccine strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Ma
- Xi'an Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shuqing Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tiezhi Jin
- Shaanxi Animal Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yanli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinsong Li
- Xi'an Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Hengxin Li
- Xi'an Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jiru Xu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang JJ, Wei ZZ, Wei J, Ma CA, Dong JH, Lu XL, Zheng Y, Yu PB, Qu JH, Dong LF. [Long term epidemiological effects of vaccination on hemorrhagical fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Shaanxi provincial HFRS epidemic areas]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2012; 33:309-312. [PMID: 22613385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective rate and the variation of HFRS-IgG on hemorrhagical fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) vaccine. METHODS Cluster, random sampling and cross-sectional study were used to assess the protective rate of HFRS vaccination. Level of HFRS-IgG was detected with ELISA in epidemic and non-epidemic areas of HFRS. RESULTS Curve equation was obtained as Yprotective rate=(0.863+0.283/Xvaccination term)×100% by protective rate with vaccination term. Protective rates showed a reducing trend, 90% after 7-8 years of vaccination, 88% after 10 years, and 94% on average. Absorbance (A) value of HFRS-IgG was 4 times higher in persons with vaccination than those without, in the epidemic area. Higher antibody level could be obtained after primary vaccination, but the level of antibody had a 50% reduction after 5-10 years of vaccination, and a 60% reduction after 10 years of vaccination. CONCLUSION HFRS antibody had a 50% reduction after 5-10 years of vaccination. The protective rate of HFRS vaccination had a 90% loss, after 7-8 years of vaccination. Booster dose was necessary after 7 years of vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-jun Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Boergermann JH, Kopf J, Yu PB, Knaus P. Dorsomorphin and LDN-193189 inhibit BMP-mediated Smad, p38 and Akt signalling in C2C12 cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 42:1802-7. [PMID: 20691279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are key regulators of cell fate decisions during embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. BMPs signal through a coordinated assembly of two types of transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors to induce Smad1/5/8 plus non-Smad pathways, such as MAPK and Akt. The recent discovery of BMP receptor inhibitors opened new avenues to study specific BMP signalling and to delineate this effect from TGF-β and Activin signalling. Here we present comprehensive and quantitative analyses on both canonical and non-Smad mediated BMP signalling under Dorsomorphin (DM) and LDN-193189 (LDN) treatment conditions. We demonstrate for the first time, that both compounds affect not only the Smad but also the non-Smad signalling pathways induced by either BMP2, BMP6 or GDF5. The activation of p38, ERK1/2 and Akt in C2C12 cells was inhibited by DM and LDN. In addition "off-target" effects on all branches of BMP non-Smad signalling are presented. From this we conclude that the inhibition of BMP receptors by DM and more efficiently by LDN-193189 affects all known BMP induced signalling cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Boergermann
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu X, Ma C, Han L, Nawaz M, Gao F, Zhang X, Yu P, Zhao C, Li L, Zhou A, Wang J, Moore JE, Millar BC, Xu J. Molecular characterisation of the faecal microbiota in patients with type II diabetes. Curr Microbiol 2010. [PMID: 20087741 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9582-9)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The investigation provides molecular analyses of the faecal microbiota in type 2 diabetic patients. In order to characterise the gut microbiota in diabetic patients and to assess whether there are changes in the diversity and similarity of gut microbiota in diabetic patients when compared with healthy individuals, bacterial DNAs from 16 type 2 diabetic patients and 12 healthy individuals were extracted from faecal samples and characterised by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) with primers specifically targeting V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene, as well as been sequenced for excised gel bands. The counts of Bacteroides vulgatus, Clostridium leptum subgroup and Bifidobacterium genus were assessed using quantitative PCR. By comparing species diversity profiles of two groups, we observed that there were no significant differences between diabetic and healthy group, although a few diabetic individuals (D6, D8) exhibited a remarkable decrease in species profiles. As for the similarity index, it was lower in inter-group than that in intra-group, which showed that the composition of gut microbiota in diabetic group might be changed due to diabetes status. Sequencing results also revealed that bacterial composition of diabetic group was different from that of the healthy group. B. vulgatus and Bifidobacterium genus were low represented in the microbiota of diabetic group, and the significant decrease was observed for Bifidobacterium by real-time PCR. Taken together, in this work we observed the characterisation of gut microbiota in diabetic patients, which suggests that the gut microbiota of diabetes patients have some changes associated with occurrence and development of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Wu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Huang X, Shi Z, Wang K, Dang X, Yang P, Yu P. [Construction of recombinant adeno-associated virus vector co-expressing hVEGF165 and hBMP-7 genes]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2008; 22:807-813. [PMID: 18681280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct the recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector co-expressing hVEGF165 and hBMP-7 depending on internal ribosome entry site (IRES) sequence, to measure the virus titer and to verify the correct recombination. METHODS The AAV helper-free system was used to generate the rAAV co-expressing hVEGF165 and hBMP-7 genes. The IRES sequence from the bicistronic eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES was cut down and subcloned into the ITR/MCS containing vector pAAV-MCS to get pAAV-MCS A-IRES-MCS B, in which upstream MCS A and downstream MCS B was constructed. The hVEGF165 and hBMP-7 genes were amplified by PCR and inserted into MCS A and MCS B respectively. The recombinant expression plasmid pAAV-hVEGF165-IRES-hBMP-7 was co-transfected into AAV-293 cells with pHelper and pAAV-RC for packaging of recombinant AAV. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled rAAV-IRES-GFP was simultaneously packaged by using the parallel plasmid pAAV-IRES-GFP. The efficiency of rAAV packaging was monitored under fluorescent microscope and recombinant viral particles were harvested from infected AAV-293 cells. The virus titer was measured through infecting AAV-HT1080 cells, and the recombinant rAAV-hVEGF165-IRES-hBMP-7 was verified by PCR of the exogenous interest genes of hVEGF165 and hBMP-7. RESULTS The recombinant plasmid pAAV-hVEGF165-IRES-hBMP-7 was verified by double digestion. Using the AAV helper-free system, GFP expression could be observed under fluorescent microscope 72 hours after triple plasmid co-transfection and the system provided a high packing ratio of 95%-100%. The rAAV has a high purity and high titer of 5.5 x 10(11) vp/mL, and AAV-HT1080 cell could be infected at a ratio of 90%. The recombinant virus was confirmed by PCR of exogenous hBMP-7 and hVEGF165 genes. CONCLUSION Recombinant rAAV-hVEGF165-IRES-hBMP-7 was successfully constructed with a high virus titer, which may offer the basement of in vitro and in vivo experiments of hVEGF165 and hBMP-7 co-expressing for gene therapy of bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710004, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yang P, Wang KZ, Shi ZB, Dang XQ, Yu PB, Wang CS, Gong FL. Prokaryotic expression, purification and activity assay of recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2006; 26:1263-8. [PMID: 16982431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To express human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF(165)) in E. coli JM109 in the form of fusion protein by genetic engineering and test the biological activity and immunological competence of the expressed protein. METHODS hVEGF(165) gene was subcloned by PCR and inserted into pQE30 plasmid. hVEGF(165) fusion protein was expressed in E. coli JM109 and purified by Ni(2+)-NTA. The immunological competence of the expressed protein was tested by means of Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and its biological activity was assayed by chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and Matrigel angiogenesis assay. RESULTS The recombinant hVEGF(165) fusion protein was successfully expressed in E. coli JM109 and its expression accounted for 30% of the total cellular protein. The purified protein presented a single band of 23 kD in SDS-PAGE. Western blotting, ELISA, CAM and matrigel angiogenesis assay showed excellent immunologic competence and biological activity of the recombinant protein. CONCLUSION Recombinant hVEGF(165) protein with excellent biological activity has been successfully expressed in E.coli JM109, which may facilitate future study in construction of prefabricated tissue-engineered bone graft.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gong F, Wang K, Yu P. [Cloning of NEP1-40 gene and expression of its protein]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2006; 20:9-12. [PMID: 16457436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clone the genes of nogo-66 and NEP1-40 from spinal cord of rat and to realize the expression of its protein in vitro. METHODS The nogo-66 and NEP1-40 genes were cloned from the spinal cord of juvenile rat by use of RT-PCR techniques, and the objective genes were bonded to T vector through gene coupled action, recombinant plasmid were sequencing, and the genes were cloned into PQE30-GST vector, then the recombinant plasmids were induced by isopropyl thiogalactoside (IPTG) to express the proteins. The two proteins were purified by Ni-column and detected by using Western-blot test. RESULTS The Nogo-66 and NEP1-40 genes were successfully cloned from rat, which were 215 bp and 137 bp for each one when add the enzyme site. No gene mutations were detected in the two genes after sequencing. The expression plasmids were cut by the two enzyme (BamH I and Hind III), the target bands were seen on the results of electrophoresis. The expression plasmids were induced by IPTG and got the purified GST fusion protein nogo-66 and NEP1-40, which relative molecular weight were 33.2 x 10(3) and 30.3 x 10(3) respectively. The results of Western-blot test confirmed that the antigenicity of the two proteins was precise. CONCLUSION Nogo-66 and NEP1-40 proteins can be expressed in a high efficiency in vitro using genetic engineering, so it provides a good basis for further research on its function and vaccine for spinal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuliang Gong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710004, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Parker W, Stitzenberg KB, Yu PB, Pratt VS, Nakamura YC, Farel LS, Ward CM, Lin SS, Everett ML, Platt JL. Biophysical characteristics of anti-Gal(alpha)1-3Gal IgM binding to cell surfaces: implications for xenotransplantation. Transplantation 2001; 71:440-6. [PMID: 11233908 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200102150-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural antibodies directed against cell surface carbohydrates are thought to be vital to host defense and to initiate the rejection of xenografts and ABO-incompatible allografts. The biophysical properties underlying the association and dissociation of these antibodies from cell surfaces is incompletely understood. We investigated those properties for the binding of Galalpha1-3Gal antibodies to porcine endothelial cell surfaces, because such interactions might be relevant to the clinical application of xenotransplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The initial rate of binding of anti-Galalpha1-3Gal antibodies to endothelial cells was found to depend on antibody concentration, antibody diffusion, and antigen concentration. The presence of an intact glycocalyx had a greater impact on antibody binding than mobility of antigen in cell membranes. Disruption of glycocalyx increased the amount of antibody bound at equilibrium by more than 50%. Although the binding of anti-Galalpha1-3Gal antibodies to cell surfaces could be inhibited by soluble Galalpha1-3Gal, once bound, some anti-Galalpha1-3Gal could not be dissociated by competitive inhibitors of binding or by denaturation of the bound Ig with chaotropic reagents, but could be dissociated by reduction of disulfide bonds, suggesting that attachment to cell surfaces was, at least in part, by means other than specific reaction with the epitope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Parker
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gonzalez-Stawinski GV, Yu PB, Love SD, Parker W, Davis RD. Hapten-induced primary and memory humoral responses are inhibited by the infusion of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (IDEC-C2B8, Rituximab). Clin Immunol 2001; 98:175-9. [PMID: 11161973 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2000.4980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Blocking the elicited humoral immune response has proven useful in treating individuals with autoimmune disorders or those who are at risk of developing antibodies which might be pathologic, e.g., transplant patients. Unfortunately, humoral immunity has evaded efforts at ablation and those therapies aimed at ameliorating it have resulted in only partial success. In addition, some of the current anti-humoral therapies not only target B-cells but also cross-react with other elements of immune response, making these therapies nonspecific. Thus there is a need in the clinical arena for specific anti-humoral therapies. Here we report the impact of infusion of a chimeric monoclonal, an anti-CD20 IgG, on the primary humoral and memory response against a simple hapten (DNP) in a nonhuman primate model. Anti-CD20 IgG interfered with the elicited humoral response and with the memory response when administered prior to antigen exposure. Furthermore, we provide evidence that anti-CD20 blocks the humoral response by eliminating those B-cells capable of responding to the hapten.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G V Gonzalez-Stawinski
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Parker W, Lin SS, Yu PB, Sood A, Nakamura YC, Song A, Everett ML, Platt JL. Naturally occurring anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies: relationship to xenoreactive anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies. Glycobiology 1999; 9:865-73. [PMID: 10460828 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/9.9.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies produced by an individual without a known history of sensitization to the relevant antigen are called "natural" antibodies. Some natural antibodies, called xenoreactive antibodies, react with the cells of foreign species. Most xenoreactive antibodies in humans and higher primates bind to a nonreducing terminal galactose expressed by pigs and other lower mammals. Although human natural antibodies which bind to one or more of a variety of terminal alpha-galactosyl structures have been identified previously, the antigen recognized by anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies on the cells of foreign species is thought to be exclusively Galalpha1-3Gal. Thus, anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies which do not react with Galalpha1-3Gal are thought to be nonxenoreactive. Here, we identify natural antibodies in human serum which bind to Galalpha1-6Hexosepyrranosides but not Galalpha1-3Gal, indicating that these antibodies are not xenoreactive. Various lower mammals were found to have natural anti-Galalpha1-2Gal antibodies in their sera, suggesting that at least some anti-Galalpha1-2Gal antibodies might not be xenoreactive and indicating, surprisingly, that anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies are much more phylogenetically disperse than previously known. Also surprising was the finding that some natural antibodies which bind to Galalpha1-3Gal in vitro do not bind to porcine xenografts. These studies show that naturally occurring anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies in mammalian serum include antibodies with a greater variety of reactivities than previously thought, only some of which would bind to a porcine xenograft. Further, these studies show that the methods used to detect anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies of relevance in xenotransplantation must be carefully evaluated to avoid detection of anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies which would not bind to a porcine organ and which therefore are not involved in xenograft rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Parker
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yu PB, Parker W, Everett ML, Fox IJ, Platt JL. Immunochemical properties of anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal antibodies after sensitization with xenogeneic tissues. J Clin Immunol 1999; 19:116-26. [PMID: 10226886 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020506617105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In antigen-driven immune responses to proteins, antibodies of low avidity and limited complement fixing capacity undergo affinity maturation to yield antibodies of higher avidity which fix complement to a greater extent. The products of antigen-driven responses to carbohydrates are less defined. To investigate the evolution of natural antibodies against carbohydrates following sensitization, we studied natural antibodies specific for Gal alpha 1-3Gal in patients sensitized to that antigen as a result of perfusion of their blood through porcine livers for the treatment of hepatic failure. The natural antibodies against Gal alpha 1-3Gal, which occur in all unsensitized individuals, were predominantly IgM and IgG2, with average functional avidities of 5 x 10(-9) and 2 x 10(-8) M, respectively. After sensitization, the classes of anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal included IgM, IgG2, and IgG1, and the average functional avidities of IgM and IgG were 3 x 10(-9) and 2 x 10(-9) M, respectively. The activation of complement by anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal per microgram of Ab, measured by the fixation of C3bi on porcine cells, increased after sensitization owing to changes in subclass and avidity. Deposition of C3bi correlated with the concentrations of IgG1 and IgM but not IgG2 against Gal alpha 1-3Gal. Consistent with this finding, purified IgG1, but not IgG2, anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal fixed complement on porcine cells. These results demonstrate that the properties of anticarbohydrate antibodies evolve after sensitization to increase complement fixation on potential targets. These properties may result from the altered costimulation of the humoral response to Gal alpha 1-3Gal due to sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P B Yu
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Parker W, Yu PB, Holzknecht ZE, Lundberg K, Buckley RH, Platt JL. Specificity and function of "natural" antibodies in immunodeficient subjects: clues to B cell lineage and development. J Clin Immunol 1997; 17:311-21. [PMID: 9258770 DOI: 10.1023/a:1027378716015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The origin of natural antibodies has long been a subject of controversy. Polyreactive natural antibodies recognize multiple ligands and are thought to arise from B1 B cells. Natural antibodies against carbohydrate antigens such as Gal alpha 1-3Gal or against blood groups A and B are thought to be "elicited" by gut bacteria, but their origin is uncertain. To explore the origin of naturally occurring anticarbohydrate antibodies, the specificity and function of the xenoreactive antibodies and isohemagglutinins were investigated in immunodeficient subjects. Subjects with defects in T cell-dependent antibody synthesis had normal levels of xenoreactive natural antibodies, most of which, like xenoreactive antibodies from normal individuals, were specific for Gal alpha 1-3Gal. On the other hand, some subjects with hyper-IgM syndrome who were able to synthesize abundant quantities of xenoreactive antibodies and polyreactive antibodies were devoid of anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal antibodies. These results suggest that the lineages of B cells giving rise to anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal antibodies and isohemagglutinins are distinct from B1 B cells or at least exist at a more "advanced" stage of development than those B1 B cells that give rise to polyreactive antibodies. The findings also suggest that B cells which synthesize anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal antibodies and isohemagglutinins may be distinct from B2 B cells or exist at a more "primitive" stage of development than B2 B cells that synthesize elicited antibodies in normal individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Parker
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yu PB, Holzknecht ZE, Bruno D, Parker W, Platt JL. Modulation of natural IgM binding and complement activation by natural IgG antibodies: a role for IgG anti-Gal alpha1-3Gal antibodies. J Immunol 1996; 157:5163-8. [PMID: 8943428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The most abundant natural IgG Abs in human serum are thought to be Abs specific for Gal alpha1-3Gal, a carbohydrate expressed in lower mammals. IgG Abs specific for Gal alpha1-3Gal have been postulated to contribute to host defense and to participate in the rejection of interspecies organ grafts. Our previous studies indicated, however, that IgM and not IgG anti-Gal alpha1-3Gal Abs activate complement on foreign surfaces, and thus the physiologic role of IgG anti-Gal alpha1-3Gal remains uncertain. We tested whether the IgG anti-Gal alpha1-3Gal in a human serum might in fact compete with IgM for binding and thus modulate complement fixation by IgM. Several lines of evidence suggested such competition might occur. First, the functional avidity of IgG and IgM for Gal alpha1-3Gal on cell surfaces were nearly within the same order of magnitude, and in some sera the molar concentrations of IgG and IgM anti-Gal alpha1-3Gal were comparable. Second, binding of human IgM to Gal alpha1-3Gal on cell surfaces was inversely correlated with the concentration of IgG anti-Gal alpha1-3Gal in serum. Third, combination of IgG and IgM Abs specific for Gal alpha1-3Gal demonstrated direct competition for binding. The presence of IgG anti-Gal alpha1-3Gal, which was predominantly IgG2, attenuated by up to 80% the fixation of C1q mediated by IgM, presumably by competing for antigenic sites recognized by IgM Abs that fix complement. Thus, IgG Abs specific for Gal alpha1-3Gal modulate complement activation by IgM specific for that structure and might in this way modulate the consequences that ensue when human blood is brought into contact with foreign organisms or xenogenic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P B Yu
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yu PB, Holzknecht ZE, Bruno D, Parker W, Platt JL. Modulation of natural IgM binding and complement activation by natural IgG antibodies: a role for IgG anti-Gal alpha1-3Gal antibodies. The Journal of Immunology 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.157.11.5163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The most abundant natural IgG Abs in human serum are thought to be Abs specific for Gal alpha1-3Gal, a carbohydrate expressed in lower mammals. IgG Abs specific for Gal alpha1-3Gal have been postulated to contribute to host defense and to participate in the rejection of interspecies organ grafts. Our previous studies indicated, however, that IgM and not IgG anti-Gal alpha1-3Gal Abs activate complement on foreign surfaces, and thus the physiologic role of IgG anti-Gal alpha1-3Gal remains uncertain. We tested whether the IgG anti-Gal alpha1-3Gal in a human serum might in fact compete with IgM for binding and thus modulate complement fixation by IgM. Several lines of evidence suggested such competition might occur. First, the functional avidity of IgG and IgM for Gal alpha1-3Gal on cell surfaces were nearly within the same order of magnitude, and in some sera the molar concentrations of IgG and IgM anti-Gal alpha1-3Gal were comparable. Second, binding of human IgM to Gal alpha1-3Gal on cell surfaces was inversely correlated with the concentration of IgG anti-Gal alpha1-3Gal in serum. Third, combination of IgG and IgM Abs specific for Gal alpha1-3Gal demonstrated direct competition for binding. The presence of IgG anti-Gal alpha1-3Gal, which was predominantly IgG2, attenuated by up to 80% the fixation of C1q mediated by IgM, presumably by competing for antigenic sites recognized by IgM Abs that fix complement. Thus, IgG Abs specific for Gal alpha1-3Gal modulate complement activation by IgM specific for that structure and might in this way modulate the consequences that ensue when human blood is brought into contact with foreign organisms or xenogenic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P B Yu
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Z E Holzknecht
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - D Bruno
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - W Parker
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - J L Platt
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|