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M de Carvalho T, Man I, Georges D, Saraswati LR, Bhandari P, Kataria I, Siddiqui M, Muwonge R, Lucas E, Sankaranarayanan R, Basu P, Berkhof J, Bogaards JA, Baussano I. Health and economic effects of introducing single-dose or two-dose human papillomavirus vaccination in India. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e012580. [PMID: 37931940 PMCID: PMC10632817 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is a major public health problem in India, where access to prevention programmes is low. The WHO-Strategic Advisory Group of Experts recently updated their recommendation for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination to include a single-dose option in addition to the two-dose option, which could make HPV vaccination programmes easier to implement and more affordable. METHODS We combined projections from a type-specific HPV transmission model and a cancer progression model to assess the health and economic effects of HPV vaccination at national and state level in India. The models used national and state-specific Indian demographic, epidemiological and cost data, and single-dose vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer India vaccine trial with 10-year follow-up. We compared single-dose and two-dose HPV vaccination for a range of plausible scenarios regarding single-dose vaccine protection, coverage and catch-up. We used a healthcare sector payer perspective with a time horizon of 100 years. RESULTS Under the base-case scenario of lifelong protection of single-dose vaccination in 10-year-old girls with 90% coverage, the discounted incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of nationwide vaccination relative to no vaccination was US$406 (₹INR30 000) per DALY (disability-adjusted life-years) averted. This lay below an opportunity-cost-based threshold of 30% Indian gross domestic product per capita in each Indian state (state-specific ICER range: US$67-US$593 per DALY averted). The ICER of two-dose vaccination versus no vaccination vaccination was US$1404 (₹INR104 000). The ICER of two-dose vaccination versus single-dose vaccination, assuming lower initial efficacy and waning of single-dose vaccination, was at least US$2282 (₹INR169 000) per DALY averted. CONCLUSIONS Nationwide introduction of single-dose HPV vaccination at age 10 in India is highly likely to be cost-effective whereas extending the number of doses from one to two would have a less favourable profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago M de Carvalho
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Man
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Georges
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Prince Bhandari
- Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International India, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishu Kataria
- Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International India, New Delhi, India
| | - Mariam Siddiqui
- Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International India, New Delhi, India
| | - Richard Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Bogaards
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iacopo Baussano
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Deshmukh AA, Damgacioglu H, Georges D, Sonawane K, Clifford GM. Human Papillomavirus-Associated Anal Cancer Incidence and Burden Among US Men, According to Sexual Orientation, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status, and Age. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:419-424. [PMID: 37017078 PMCID: PMC10681657 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) without HIV are known to be at elevated relative risk for Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated anal cancer in comparison to men who have sex with women (MSW), but are poorly characterized in terms of anal cancer incidence due to absence of reporting of sexual behavior/identity at a population-level. METHODS By combining age-specific statistics from multiple data sources (anal cancer incidence among all males; anal cancer incidence among MSM and MSW with HIV; population size of men with HIV by sexual orientation), we developed a mathematical model to estimate anal cancer incidence, annual number of cases, and proportion by (a) sexual orientation (MSM versus MSW), (b) HIV status, and (c) age (<30, 30-44, 45-59, and ≥60 years). RESULTS Anal cancer incidence (per 100 000) among MSM without HIV was 1.4 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 0.6 to 2.3), 17.6 (95% UI = 13.8-23.5), and 33.9 (95% UI = 28.3-42.3), at ages 30-44, 45-59 and ≥60 years, respectively. 19.1% of all male anal cancer occurred in MSM without HIV, increasing from 4% of anal cancer diagnosed at 30-44 years to 24% at ≥60 years; 54.3% occurred in MSW without HIV (increasing from 13% at age 30-44 to 67% at >60 years), and the remaining 26.6% in men (MSM and MSW combined) with HIV (decreasing from 83% at age 30-44 to 9% at >60 years). CONCLUSIONS These findings should inform anal cancer prevention recommendations in male risk groups, including, for the first time, for the important group of MSM without HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish A Deshmukh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Haluk Damgacioglu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Damien Georges
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Kalyani Sonawane
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Gary M Clifford
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
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Man I, Georges D, Sankaranarayanan R, Basu P, Baussano I. Building resilient cervical cancer prevention through gender-neutral HPV vaccination. eLife 2023; 12:e85735. [PMID: 37486822 PMCID: PMC10365835 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted HPV vaccination programmes worldwide. Using an agent-based model, EpiMetHeos, recently calibrated to Indian data, we illustrate how shifting from a girls-only (GO) to a gender-neutral (GN) vaccination strategy could improve the resilience of cervical cancer prevention against disruption of HPV vaccination. In the base case of 5-year disruption with no coverage, shifting from GO to GN strategy under 60% coverage (before disruption) would increase the resilience, in terms of cervical cancer cases still prevented in the disrupted birth cohorts per 100,000 girls born, by 2.8-fold from 107 to 302 cases, and by 2.2-fold from 209 to 464 cases under 90% coverage. Furthermore, shifting to GN vaccination helped in reaching the World Health Organization (WHO) elimination threshold. Under GO vaccination with 60% coverage, the age-standardised incidence rate of cervical cancer in India in the long term with vaccination decreased from 11.0 to 4.7 cases per 100,000 woman-years (above threshold), as compared to 2.8 cases (below threshold) under GN with 60% coverage and 2.4 cases (below threshold) under GN with 90% coverage. In conclusion, GN HPV vaccination is an effective strategy to improve the resilience to disruption of cancer prevention programmes and to enhance the progress towards cervical cancer elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Man
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Early Detection, Prevention and Infections BranchLyonFrance
| | - Damien Georges
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Early Detection, Prevention and Infections BranchLyonFrance
| | | | - Partha Basu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Early Detection, Prevention and Infections BranchLyonFrance
| | - Iacopo Baussano
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Early Detection, Prevention and Infections BranchLyonFrance
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Man I, Georges D, Bonjour M, Baussano I. Approximating missing epidemiological data for cervical cancer through Footprinting: A case study in India. eLife 2023; 12:e81752. [PMID: 37227260 PMCID: PMC10212556 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Local cervical cancer epidemiological data essential to project the context-specific impact of cervical cancer preventive measures are often missing. We developed a framework, hereafter named Footprinting, to approximate missing data on sexual behaviour, human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence, or cervical cancer incidence, and applied it to an Indian case study. With our framework, we (1) identified clusters of Indian states with similar cervical cancer incidence patterns, (2) classified states without incidence data to the identified clusters based on similarity in sexual behaviour, (3) approximated missing cervical cancer incidence and HPV prevalence data based on available data within each cluster. Two main patterns of cervical cancer incidence, characterized by high and low incidence, were identified. Based on the patterns in the sexual behaviour data, all Indian states with missing data on cervical cancer incidence were classified to the low-incidence cluster. Finally, missing data on cervical cancer incidence and HPV prevalence were approximated based on the mean of the available data within each cluster. With the Footprinting framework, we approximated missing cervical cancer epidemiological data and made context-specific impact projections for cervical cancer preventive measures, to assist public health decisions on cervical cancer prevention in India and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Man
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Damien Georges
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Maxime Bonjour
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Iacopo Baussano
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
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Hirabayashi M, Georges D, Clifford GM, de Martel C. Estimating the Global Burden of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:922-930.e21. [PMID: 35963539 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Evidence suggests that a fraction of new gastric cancer cases may be etiologically associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a known carcinogenic agent. We aimed to systematically explore the proportion of EBV-positive gastric cancer. METHODS We did a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42020164473) from January 1990 to August 2021. For each country and geographical region with available data, pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of EBV in gastric tumors were calculated for 3 subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma (conventional adenocarcinoma, lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma, and remnant/stump carcinoma). For conventional adenocarcinoma, prevalence ratios (PRs) were presented for sex, Lauren's classification, gastric cancer stage, and anatomical location of the stomach. RESULTS In 220 eligible studies including over 68,000 cases of conventional gastric adenocarcinoma, EBV prevalence in tumor cells was 7.5% (95% CI, 6.9%-8.1%) and was higher in men compared with women (PR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.9-2.4), in diffuse type compared with intestinal type (PR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5), and in the proximal region compared with the distal region (PR, 2.5; 95% CI, 2.0-3.1). There was no difference in EBV prevalence by gastric cancer stage. EBV prevalence was 75.9% (95% CI, 62.8%-85.5%) among lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma and 26.3% (95% CI, 22.2%-32.0%) among remnant or stump carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Assuming a causal association between EBV and gastric cancer, our findings, when applied to the GLOBOCAN 2020 gastric cancer incidence, suggest that primary prevention such as the development of an effective EBV vaccine might prevent 81,000 EBV-associated gastric cancer cases worldwide annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Hirabayashi
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Georges
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Gary M Clifford
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine de Martel
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Wei F, Goodman MT, Xia N, Zhang J, Giuliano AR, D’Souza G, Hessol NA, Schim van der Loeff MF, Dai J, Neukam K, de Pokomandy A, Poynten IM, Geskus RB, Burgos J, Etienney I, Moscicki AB, Donà MG, Gillison ML, Nyitray AG, Nowak RG, Yunihastuti E, Zou H, Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Phanuphak N, Molina JM, Schofield AM, Kerr S, Fan S, Lu Y, Ong JJ, Chikandiwa AT, Teeraananchai S, Squillace N, Wiley DJ, Palefsky JM, Georges D, Alberts CJ, Clifford GM. Incidence and Clearance of Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection in 16 164 Individuals, According to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status, Sex, and Male Sexuality: An International Pooled Analysis of 34 Longitudinal Studies. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:e692-e701. [PMID: 35869839 PMCID: PMC10226739 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the natural history of anal high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is key for designing anal cancer prevention programs but has not been systematically characterized. METHODS We reanalyzed data from 34 studies including 16 164 individuals in 6 risk groups defined by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, sex, and male sexuality: men who have sex with men (MSM) and people with HIV (MSMWH), HIV-negative MSM, women with HIV (WWH), HIV-negative women, men who have sex with women (MSW) with HIV (MSWWH), and HIV-negative MSW. We used Markov models to estimate incidence and clearance of 13 hrHPV types and their determinants. RESULTS Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 had the highest incidence-clearance ratio of the hrHPV types. MSMWH had the highest hrHPV incidence (eg, 15.5% newly HPV-16 infected within 2 years), followed by HIV-negative MSM (7.5%), WWH (6.6%), HIV-negative women (2.9%), MSWWH (1.7%), and HIV-negative MSW (0.7%). Determinants of HPV-16 incidence included HIV status and number of sexual partners for MSM, women, and MSW, and anal sex behavior for MSM only. HPV-16 clearance was lower for people with HIV (PWH) and lower for prevalent than incident infection. Among MSM, increasing age was associated with lower clearance of prevalent, but not incident, HPV-16 infection. CONCLUSIONS This robust and unifying analysis of anal hrHPV natural history is essential to designing and predicting the impact of HPV vaccination and HPV-based screening programs on anal cancer prevention, particularly in MSM and PWH. Importantly, it demonstrates the higher carcinogenic potential of longstanding anal prevalent hrHPV infection than more recent incident infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Wei
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Cedars Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer (CIIRC), Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Gypsyamber D’Souza
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy A Hessol
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Jianghong Dai
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Karin Neukam
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Medicina Preventiva, UCEIMP, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Alexandra de Pokomandy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre and Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - I Mary Poynten
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ronald B Geskus
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joaquin Burgos
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Gabriella Donà
- Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maura L Gillison
- Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alan G Nyitray
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research and Clinical Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rebecca G Nowak
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Evy Yunihastuti
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio
- Early Clinical Trial Unit. Biosanitary Institute (IBS.Granada). Infectious Diseases Unit. University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jean-Michel Molina
- Department of Infectious diseases, University of Paris Cité, St-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alice M Schofield
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Kerr
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, and Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Song Fan
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Lu
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jason J Ong
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Admire T Chikandiwa
- Wits RHI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sirinya Teeraananchai
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicola Squillace
- Infectious Diseases Unit ASST-Monza, San Gerardo Hospital-University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Dorothy J Wiley
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joel M Palefsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Damien Georges
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Catharina J Alberts
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Gary M Clifford
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
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Vaccarella S, Georges D, Bray F, Ginsburg O, Charvat H, Martikainen P, Brønnum-Hansen H, Deboosere P, Bopp M, Leinsalu M, Artnik B, Lorenzoni V, De Vries E, Marmot M, Vineis P, Mackenbach J, Nusselder W. Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality between and within countries in Europe: a population-based study. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2023; 25:100551. [PMID: 36818237 PMCID: PMC9929598 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Reducing socioeconomic inequalities in cancer is a priority for the public health agenda. A systematic assessment and benchmarking of socioeconomic inequalities in cancer across many countries and over time in Europe is not yet available. Methods Census-linked, whole-of-population cancer-specific mortality data by socioeconomic position, as measured by education level, and sex were collected, harmonized, analysed, and compared across 18 countries during 1990-2015, in adults aged 40-79. We computed absolute and relative educational inequalities; temporal trends using estimated-annual-percentage-changes; the share of cancer mortality linked to educational inequalities. Findings Everywhere in Europe, lower-educated individuals have higher mortality rates for nearly all cancer-types relative to their more highly-educated counterparts, particularly for tobacco/infection-related cancers [relative risk of lung cancer mortality for lower- versus higher-educated = 2.4 (95% confidence intervals: 2.1-2.8) among men; = 1.8 (95% confidence intervals: 1.5-2.1) among women]. However, the magnitude of inequalities varies greatly by country and over time, predominantly due to differences in cancer mortality among lower-educated groups, as for many cancer-types higher-educated have more similar (and lower) rates, irrespective of the country. Inequalities were generally greater in Baltic/Central/East-Europe and smaller in South-Europe, although among women large and rising inequalities were found in North-Europe (relative risk of all cancer mortality for lower- versus higher-educated ≥1.4 in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and the England/Wales). Among men, rate differences (per 100,000 person-years) in total-cancer mortality for lower-vs-higher-educated groups ranged from 110 (Sweden) to 559 (Czech Republic); among women from approximately null (Slovenia, Italy, Spain) to 176 (Denmark). Lung cancer was the largest contributor to inequalities in total-cancer mortality (between-country range: men, 29-61%; women, 10-56%). 32% of cancer deaths in men and 16% in women (but up to 46% and 24%, respectively in Baltic/Central/East-Europe) were associated with educational inequalities. Interpretation Cancer mortality in Europe is largely driven by levels and trends of cancer mortality rates in lower-education groups. Even Nordic-countries, with a long-established tradition of equitable welfare and social justice policies, witness increases in cancer inequalities among women. These results call for a systematic measurement, monitoring and action upon the remarkable socioeconomic inequalities in cancer existing in Europe. Funding This study was done as part of the LIFEPATH project, which has received financial support from the European Commission (Horizon 2020 grant number 633666), and the DEMETRIQ project, which received support from the European Commission (grant numbers FP7-CP-FP and 278511). SV and WN were supported by the French Institut National du Cancer (INCa) (Grant number 2018-116). PM was supported by the Academy of Finland (#308247, # 345219) and the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 101019329). The work by Mall Leinsalu was supported by the Estonian Research Council (grant PRG722).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Vaccarella
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Damien Georges
- Early Detection, Prevention, and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Ophira Ginsburg
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
- Center for Global Health, U.S. National Cancer Institute Maryland, USA
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Pekka Martikainen
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Brønnum-Hansen
- Section for Social Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick Deboosere
- Department of Sociology, Interface Demography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Bopp
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mall Leinsalu
- Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change, Södertörn University, 141 89, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Barbara Artnik
- Chair of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Esther De Vries
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Bogota, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Michael Marmot
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Institute of Health Equity, London, England
| | - Paolo Vineis
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, St Mary's Campus, London, England
| | - Johan Mackenbach
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilma Nusselder
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
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8
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Deshmukh AA, Damgacioglu H, Georges D, Sonawane K, Ferlay J, Bray F, Clifford GM. Global burden of HPV-attributable squamous cell carcinoma of the anus in 2020, according to sex and HIV status: A worldwide analysis. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:417-428. [PMID: 36054026 PMCID: PMC9771908 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is caused by HPV, and is elevated in persons living with HIV (PLWHIV). We aimed to estimate sex- and HIV-stratified SCCA burden at a country, regional and global level. Using anal cancer incidence estimates from 185 countries available through GLOBOCAN 2020, and region/country-specific proportions of SCCA vs non-SCCA from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) Volume XI database, we estimated country- and sex-specific SCCA incidence. Proportions of SCCA diagnosed in PLWHIV, and attributable to HIV, were calculated using estimates of HIV prevalence (UNAIDS 2019) and relative risk applied to SCCA incidence. Of 30 416 SCCA estimated globally in 2020, two-thirds occurred in women (19 792) and one-third among men (10 624). Fifty-three percent of male SCCA and 65% of female SCCA occurred in countries with a very high Human Development Index (HDI). Twenty-one percent of the global male SCCA burden occurred in PLWHIV (n = 2203), largely concentrated in North America, Europe and Africa. While, only 3% of global female SCCA burden (n = 561) occurred in PLWHIV, mainly in Africa. The global age-standardized incidence rate of HIV-negative SCCA was higher in women (0.55 cases per 100 000) than men (0.28), whereas HIV-positive SCCA was higher in men (0.07) than women (0.02). HIV prevalence reached >40% in 22 countries for male SCCA and in 10 countries for female SCCA, mostly in Africa. Understanding global SCCA burden by HIV status can inform SCCA prevention programs (through HPV vaccination, screening and HIV control) and help raise awareness to combat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish A. Deshmukh
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Haluk Damgacioglu
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Damien Georges
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Kalyani Sonawane
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Gary M. Clifford
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
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Man I, Georges D, de Carvalho TM, Ray Saraswati L, Bhandari P, Kataria I, Siddiqui M, Muwonge R, Lucas E, Berkhof J, Sankaranarayanan R, Bogaards JA, Basu P, Baussano I. Evidence-based impact projections of single-dose human papillomavirus vaccination in India: a modelling study. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:1419-1429. [PMID: 36174583 PMCID: PMC9622421 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high burden of cervical cancer, access to preventive measures remains low in India. A single-dose immunisation schedule could facilitate the scale-up of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, contributing to global elimination of cervical cancer. We projected the effect of single-dose quadrivalent HPV vaccination in India in comparison with no vaccination or to a two-dose schedule. METHODS In this modelling study, we adapted an HPV transmission model (EpiMetHeos) to Indian data on sexual behaviour (from the Demographic and Health Survey and the Indian National AIDS Control Organisation), HPV prevalence data (from two local surveys, from the states of Tamil Nadu and West Bengal), and cervical cancer incidence data (from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents for the period 2008-12 [volume XI], and the Indian National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research for the period 2012-16). Using the model, we projected the nationwide and state-specific effect of HPV vaccination on HPV prevalence and cervical cancer incidence, and lifetime risk of cervical cancer, for 100 years after the introduction of vaccination or in the first 50 vaccinated birth cohorts. Projections were derived under a two-dose vaccination scenario assuming life-long protection and under a single-dose vaccination scenario with protection duration assumptions derived from International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) India vaccine trial data, in combination with different vaccination coverages and catch-up vaccination age ranges. We used two thresholds to define cervical cancer elimination: an age-standardised incidence rate of less than 4 cases per 100 000 woman-years, and standardised lifetime risk of less than 250 cases per 100 000 women born. FINDINGS Assuming vaccination in girls aged 10 years, with 90% coverage, and life-long protection by two-dose or single-dose schedule, HPV vaccination could reduce the prevalence of HPV16 and HPV18 infection by 97% (80% UI 96-99) in 50 years, and the lifetime risk of cervical cancer by 71-78% from 1067 cases per 100 000 women born under a no vaccination scenario to 311 (80% UI 284-339) cases per 100 000 women born in the short term and 233 (219-252) cases per 100 000 women born in the long term in vaccinated cohorts. Under this scenario, we projected that the age-standardised incidence rate threshold for elimination could be met across India (range across Indian states: 1·6 cases [80% UI 1·5-1·7] to 4·0 cases [3·8-4·4] per 100 000 woman-years), while the complementary threshold based on standardised lifetime risk was attainable in 17 (68%) of 25 states, but not nationwide (range across Indian states: 207 cases [80% UI 194-223] to 477 cases [447-514] per 100 000 women born). Under the considered assumptions of waning vaccine protection, single-dose vaccination was projected to have a 21-100% higher per-dose efficiency than two-dose vaccination. Single-dose vaccination with catch-up for girls and women aged 11-20 years was more impactful than two-dose vaccination without catch-up, with reduction of 39-65% versus 38% in lifetime risk of cervical cancer across the ten catch-up birth cohorts and the first ten routine vaccination birth cohorts. INTERPRETATION Our evidence-based projections suggest that scaling up cervical cancer prevention through single-dose HPV vaccination could substantially reduce cervical cancer burden in India. FUNDING The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Man
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
| | - Damien Georges
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Tiago M de Carvalho
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ishu Kataria
- Center for Global Noncommunicable Diseases, RTI International, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Richard Muwonge
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes A Bogaards
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Iacopo Baussano
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
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Peterson AT, Aiello-Lammens M, Amatulli G, Anderson R, Cobos M, Diniz-Filho JA, Escobar L, Feng X, Franklin J, Gadelha L, Georges D, Guéguen M, Gueta T, Ingenloff K, Jarvie S, Jiménez L, Karger D, Kass J, Kearney M, Loyola R, Machado-Stredel F, Martínez-Meyer E, Merow C, Mondelli ML, Mortara S, Muscarella R, Myers C, Naimi B, Noesgaard D, Ondo I, Osorio-Olvera L, Owens H, Pearson R, Pinilla-Buitrago G, Sánchez-Tapia A, Saupe E, Thuiller W, Varela S, Warren D, Wieczorek J, Yates K, Zhu G, Zuquim G, Zurell D. ENM2020: A Free Online Course and Set of Resources on Modeling Species' Niches and Distributions. Biodiv Inf 2022. [DOI: 10.17161/bi.v17i.15016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The field of distributional ecology has seen considerable recent attention, particularly surrounding the theory, protocols, and tools for Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) or Species Distribution Modeling (SDM). Such analyses have grown steadily over the past two decades—including a maturation of relevant theory and key concepts—but methodological consensus has yet to be reached. In response, and following an online course taught in Spanish in 2018, we designed a comprehensive English-language course covering much of the underlying theory and methods currently applied in this broad field. Here, we summarize that course, ENM2020, and provide links by which resources produced for it can be accessed into the future. ENM2020 lasted 43 weeks, with presentations from 52 instructors, who engaged with >2500 participants globally through >14,000 hours of viewing and >90,000 views of instructional video and question-and-answer sessions. Each major topic was introduced by an “Overview” talk, followed by more detailed lectures on subtopics. The hierarchical and modular format of the course permits updates, corrections, or alternative viewpoints, and generally facilitates revision and reuse, including the use of only the Overview lectures for introductory courses. All course materials are free and openly accessible (CC-BY license) to ensure these resources remain available to all interested in distributional ecology.
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Schulte-Frohlinde R, Georges D, Clifford GM, Baussano I. Predicting Cohort-Specific Cervical Cancer Incidence From Population-Based Surveys of Human Papilloma Virus Prevalence: A Worldwide Study. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:402-412. [PMID: 34652438 PMCID: PMC8895389 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictions of cervical cancer burden and the impact of measures taken to control this cancer are usually data-demanding and based on complex assumptions. We propose a predictive method (called PANDORA) based on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence, measured 1993-2008, and cervical cancer incidence (CCI), measured 1993-2012, in the same birth cohorts from different worldwide locations, informed by data on age at detection of high-risk HPV and sexual debut. The model can predict CCI among high-risk HPV-positive women and predict CCI up to 14 years following high-risk HPV detection. We found CCI to increase during the 14 years following high-risk HPV detection in unscreened women aged <35 years but to remain mainly constant among women ≥35 years. Age at sexual debut was a significant modifier of CCI. Using our model, we accurately reproduced CCI among high-risk HPV-positive women as observed in cohort studies and in the general population of multiple countries. We also predicted the annual number of cervical cancer cases and CCI in locations with HPV prevalence data but no cancer registry. These findings could inform cervical cancer control programs in settings without cancer registries, as they can be used to predict future cervical cancer burden from population-based surveys of HPV prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iacopo Baussano
- Correspondence to Dr. Iacopo Baussano, Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France (e-mail: )
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12
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Rumgay H, Ferlay J, de Martel C, Georges D, Ibrahim AS, Zheng R, Wei W, Lemmens VEPP, Soerjomataram I. Global, regional and national burden of primary liver cancer by subtype. Eur J Cancer 2022; 161:108-118. [PMID: 34942552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) are the two main histological subtypes of primary liver cancer. Estimates of the burden of liver cancer by subtype are needed to facilitate development and evaluation of liver cancer control globally. We provide worldwide, regional and national estimates of HCC and iCCA incidence using high-quality data. METHODS We used population-based cancer registry data on liver cancer cases by histological subtype from 95 countries to compute the sex- and country-specific distributions of HCC, iCCA and other specified histology. Subtype distributions were applied to estimates of total liver cancer cases for 2018 from the Global Cancer Observatory. Age-standardised incidence rates (ASRs) were calculated. RESULTS There were an estimated 826,000 cases of liver cancer globally in 2018: 661,000 HCC (ASR 7.3 cases per 100,000); 123,000 iCCA (ASR 1.4) and 42,000 other specified histology (ASR 0.5). HCC contributed 80% of the world total liver cancer burden followed by iCCA (14.9%) and other specified histology (5.1%). HCC rates were highest in Eastern Asia (ASR 14.8), Northern Africa (ASR 13.2) and South-Eastern Asia (ASR 9.5). Rates of iCCA were highest in South-Eastern Asia (ASR 2.9), Eastern Asia (ASR 2.0), Northern Europe, the Caribbean and Central America and Oceania (ASR all 1.8). CONCLUSION We have shown the importance of uncovering the distinct patterns of the major subtypes of liver cancer. The use of these estimates is critical to further develop public health policy to reduce the burden of liver cancer and monitor progress in controlling HCC and iCCA globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Rumgay
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine de Martel
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Georges
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Rongshou Zheng
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Valery E P P Lemmens
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Rumgay H, Ferlay J, de Martel C, Georges D, Ibrahim AS, Zheng R, Wei W, Lemmens V, Soerjomataram I. Abstract 44: Global Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma in 2018. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.asgcr21-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: The two main subtypes of primary liver cancer are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). We aimed to produce worldwide and regional estimates of the distribution of these subtypes based on high quality data.
Methods: Population-based cancer registry data were used to compute sex-specific proportions of HCC, iCCA, and other specified histology. The proportions were applied to sex- and age-specific liver cancer estimates from GLOBOCAN 2018 and age-standardized incidence rates were calculated.
Results: Of an estimated 826,000 cases of liver cancer in 2018, 661,000 (80.0%) were HCC, 123,000 (14.9%) were iCCA and 42,000 (5.1%) were other specified histology. In nearly all world regions, HCC was more common than iCCA, except in women in Northern Europe where iCCA was more common than HCC. The highest rates of HCC were found in Eastern Asia (14.8 cases per 100,000 person-years), Northern Africa (13.2) and South-Eastern Asia (9.5). The highest rates of iCCA were in South-Eastern Asia (2.9), Eastern Asia (2.0), Northern Europe, the Caribbean and Central America, and Oceania (all 1.8). HCC was more often diagnosed in males (M:F rate ratio ranged from 1.6 to 5.0), while the sex difference in iCCA rates was much smaller (M:F between 0.7 and 1.7).
Conclusion: Uncovering the distinct patterns of HCC and iCCA by sex, country and world region is critical to further develop public health policy to reduce liver cancer burden and monitor progress in controlling the disease globally. Improved completeness of liver cancer histology registration would provide more reliable estimates for policymakers to base decisions on.
Citation Format: Harriet Rumgay, Jacques Ferlay, Catherine de Martel, Damien Georges, Amal Samy Ibrahim, Rongshou Zheng, Wenqiang Wei, Valery Lemmens, Isabelle Soerjomataram. Global Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma in 2018 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Global Cancer Research and Control: Looking Back and Charting a Path Forward; 2021 Mar 10-11. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021;30(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 44.
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Clifford GM, Georges D, Shiels MS, Engels EA, Albuquerque A, Poynten IM, de Pokomandy A, Easson AM, Stier EA. A meta-analysis of anal cancer incidence by risk group: Toward a unified anal cancer risk scale. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:38-47. [PMID: 32621759 PMCID: PMC7689909 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Certain population groups are known to have higher than average anal cancer risk, namely persons living with HIV (PLHIV), men who have sex with men (MSM), women diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related gynecological precancerous lesions or cancer, solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) and patients with autoimmune diseases. Our aim was to provide robust and comparable estimates of anal cancer burden across these groups. Summary incidence rates (IRs), as cases per 100 000 person-years (py), were calculated by fixed-effects meta-analysis. IRs were 85 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 82-89) for HIV-positive MSM (n = 7 studies; 2 229 234 py), 32 (95% CI = 30-35) for non-MSM male PLHIV (n = 5; 1626 448 py) and 22 (95% CI = 19-24) for female PLHIV (n = 6; 1 472 123 py), with strong variation by age (eg, from 16.8 < 30 years to 107.5 ≥ 60 years for HIV-positive MSM). IR was 19 (95% CI = 10-36) in HIV-negative MSM (n = 2; 48 135 py). Anal cancer IRs were much higher after diagnosis of vulvar (IR = 48 [95% CI = 38-61]; n = 4; 145 147 py) than cervical (9 [95% CI = 8-12]; n = 4; 779 098 py) or vaginal (IR = 10 [95% CI = 3-30]; n = 4; 32 671) cancer, with equivalent disparity after respective precancerous lesions. IR was 13 (95% CI = 12-15) in SOTRs (n = 5; 1 946 206 py), reaching 24.5 and 49.6 for males and females >10 years after transplant. Anal cancer IRs were 10 (95% CI = 5-19), 6 (95% CI = 3-11) and 3 (95% CI = 2-4) for systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, respectively. In conclusion, a unifying anal cancer risk scale, based upon comprehensive meta-analysis, can improve prioritization and standardization in anal cancer prevention/research initiatives, which are in their public health infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meredith S. Shiels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Eric A. Engels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Andreia Albuquerque
- St James University HospitalLeedsUK
- CINTESIS ‐ Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Isobel Mary Poynten
- Kirby Institute, University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Alexandra de Pokomandy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre and Department of Family MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Stier
- Obstetrics and GynecologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Lortet-Tieulent J, Georges D, Bray F, Vaccarella S. Profiling global cancer incidence and mortality by socioeconomic development. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:3029-3036. [PMID: 32449164 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Economic and living conditions have improved over time in most countries, although often in association with detrimental lifestyle and environmental changes that are major determinants of cancer. In this ecological study, we assess the association between national socioeconomic levels and incidence and mortality rates for all cancers combined and 27 cancer types, in 175 countries. We obtained national level cancer incidence and mortality estimates for 2018 from GLOBOCAN and computed an index of socioeconomic development based on national education and income levels extracted from the United Nations Development Programme. Cancer incidence rates are strongly positively associated with the national socioeconomic level for all cancers combined and for a large number of cancer types, in both sexes. Conversely, the association between socioeconomic development and cancer mortality rates is less clear. The most common pattern for type-specific cancers is an increasing incidence rate with a relatively stable mortality rate as socioeconomic development increases. Despite the high incidence rates for many cancer types, mortality rates are relatively low in high-income countries, partly due to the availability of early detection and effective treatments. As socioeconomic development continues to rise, countries with currently low- and medium-development levels may experience large increases in the incidence of several cancers. Given the limited resources and lack of infrastructure, increases in incidence rates in low-income countries will likely be paralleled by increases in mortality rates. Efforts to plan, implement and evaluate prevention programs must therefore be considered as greater priorities in Low- and Middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannie Lortet-Tieulent
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Georges
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Salvatore Vaccarella
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
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Servais A, Gueguen S, Georges D, Aurélia B, Sandrine L, Robert N, Lamia T, Marine R, Serge A, Patrick N. RaDiCo-ECYSCO, une cohorte européenne dédiée à la cystinose. Nephrol Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2020.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Thomas HJD, Bjorkman AD, Myers-Smith IH, Elmendorf SC, Kattge J, Diaz S, Vellend M, Blok D, Cornelissen JHC, Forbes BC, Henry GHR, Hollister RD, Normand S, Prevéy JS, Rixen C, Schaepman-Strub G, Wilmking M, Wipf S, Cornwell WK, Beck PSA, Georges D, Goetz SJ, Guay KC, Rüger N, Soudzilovskaia NA, Spasojevic MJ, Alatalo JM, Alexander HD, Anadon-Rosell A, Angers-Blondin S, Te Beest M, Berner LT, Björk RG, Buchwal A, Buras A, Carbognani M, Christie KS, Collier LS, Cooper EJ, Elberling B, Eskelinen A, Frei ER, Grau O, Grogan P, Hallinger M, Heijmans MMPD, Hermanutz L, Hudson JMG, Johnstone JF, Hülber K, Iturrate-Garcia M, Iversen CM, Jaroszynska F, Kaarlejarvi E, Kulonen A, Lamarque LJ, Lantz TC, Lévesque E, Little CJ, Michelsen A, Milbau A, Nabe-Nielsen J, Nielsen SS, Ninot JM, Oberbauer SF, Olofsson J, Onipchenko VG, Petraglia A, Rumpf SB, Shetti R, Speed JDM, Suding KN, Tape KD, Tomaselli M, Trant AJ, Treier UA, Tremblay M, Venn SE, Vowles T, Weijers S, Wookey PA, Zamin TJ, Bahn M, Blonder B, van Bodegom PM, Bond-Lamberty B, Campetella G, Cerabolini BEL, Chapin FS, Craine JM, Dainese M, Green WA, Jansen S, Kleyer M, Manning P, Niinemets Ü, Onoda Y, Ozinga WA, Peñuelas J, Poschlod P, Reich PB, Sandel B, Schamp BS, Sheremetiev SN, de Vries FT. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1351. [PMID: 32165619 PMCID: PMC7067758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J D Thomas
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK.
| | - A D Bjorkman
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 41319, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I H Myers-Smith
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK
| | - S C Elmendorf
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450, USA
| | - J Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07701, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Diaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, Av.Velez Sarsfield 299, Cordoba, Argentina
- FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500, boul. de l'Université Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - D Blok
- Dutch Research Council, (NWO), Postbus 93460, 2509 AL, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - J H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B C Forbes
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - G H R Henry
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - R D Hollister
- Biology Department, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, 3300a Kindschi Hall of Science, Allendale, Michigan, USA
| | - S Normand
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J S Prevéy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - C Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - G Schaepman-Strub
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
- Swiss National Park, Runatsch 124, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, 7530, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - W K Cornwell
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - P S A Beck
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, Ispra, 21027, Italy
| | - D Georges
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK
- International Agency for Research in Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - S J Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, 1295S Knoles Dr, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - K C Guay
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr, East Boothbay, Maine, 04544, USA
| | - N Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Luis Clement Avenue, Bldg. 401 Tupper, Balboa Ancón, Panama
| | - N A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M J Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Life Sciences Building, Eucalyptus Dr #2710, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - J M Alatalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - H D Alexander
- Department of Forestry, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS, 39762, USA
| | - A Anadon-Rosell
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Angers-Blondin
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK
| | - M Te Beest
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - L T Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, 1295S Knoles Dr, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - R G Björk
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Buchwal
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, B. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680, Poznan, Poland
- University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - A Buras
- Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - M Carbognani
- Deptartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - K S Christie
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK, 99518, USA
| | - L S Collier
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - E J Cooper
- Deptartment of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Bioscences Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - B Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - A Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, Linnanmaa, Oulu, Finland
| | - E R Frei
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z2, Canada
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - O Grau
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, Inra, Univ Antilles, Univ Guyane), Campus Agronomique, 97310, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - P Grogan
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Biosciences Complex, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Hallinger
- Biology Department, Swedish Agricultural University (SLU), SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M M P D Heijmans
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Hermanutz
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - J M G Hudson
- British Columbia Public Service, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J F Johnstone
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - K Hülber
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Iturrate-Garcia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C M Iversen
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6134, USA
| | - F Jaroszynska
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, Scotland, UK
| | - E Kaarlejarvi
- Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Brussles, Belgium
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box, 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Kulonen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - L J Lamarque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, Québec, Canada
| | - T C Lantz
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, David Turpin Building, B243, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - E Lévesque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, Québec, Canada
| | - C J Little
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, the Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - A Michelsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - A Milbau
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Havenlaan 88 bus 73, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Nabe-Nielsen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - S S Nielsen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J M Ninot
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S F Oberbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - J Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - V G Onipchenko
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow State Lomonosov University, 119234, Moscow, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Russia
| | - A Petraglia
- Deptartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - S B Rumpf
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Bâtiment Biophore, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Shetti
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J D M Speed
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - K N Suding
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450, USA
| | - K D Tape
- Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Engineering Learning and Innovation Facility (ELIF), Suite 240, 1764 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-5910, USA
| | - M Tomaselli
- Deptartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - A J Trant
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - U A Treier
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Tremblay
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, Québec, Canada
| | - S E Venn
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - T Vowles
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Weijers
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - P A Wookey
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - T J Zamin
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Biosciences Complex, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Blonder
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, 3 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, 8000 Co Rd 317, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94706, USA
| | - P M van Bodegom
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B Bond-Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, 5825 University Research Ct, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - G Campetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine-Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, Univeristy of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - B E L Cerabolini
- DBSV-University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - F S Chapin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - J M Craine
- Jonah Ventures, 1600 Range Street Suite 201, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - M Dainese
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Alpine Environment, EURAC Research, Viale Druso, 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - W A Green
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - S Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Kleyer
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - P Manning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ü Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R.Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Y Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - W A Ozinga
- Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P Poschlod
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 115 Green Hall, 1530 Cleveland Ave. N., St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - B Sandel
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA
| | - B S Schamp
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, 1520 Queen Street East, Sault Ste., Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - S N Sheremetiev
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Professor Popova Street, 2, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - F T de Vries
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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de Martel C, Georges D, Bray F, Ferlay J, Clifford GM. Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018: a worldwide incidence analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2020; 8:e180-e190. [PMID: 31862245 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(19)30488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 887] [Impact Index Per Article: 221.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious pathogens are strong and modifiable causes of cancer. The aim of this study was to improve estimates of the global and regional burden of infection-attributable cancers to inform research priorities and facilitate prevention efforts. METHODS We used the GLOBOCAN 2018 database of cancer incidence and mortality rates and estimated the attributable fractions and global incidence for specific anatomical cancer sites, subsites, or histological subtypes known to be associated with ten infectious pathogens classified as human carcinogens. We calculated absolute numbers and age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) of infection-attributable cancers at the country level. Estimates were stratified for sex, age group, and country, and were aggregated according to geographical regions and World Bank income groups. FINDINGS We found that, for 2018, an estimated 2·2 million infection-attributable cancer cases were diagnosed worldwide, corresponding to an infection-attributable ASIR of 25·0 cases per 100 000 person-years. Primary causes were Helicobacter pylori (810 000 cases, ASIR 8·7 cases per 100 000 person-years), human papillomavirus (690 000, 8·0), hepatitis B virus (360 000, 4·1) and hepatitis C virus (160 000, 1·7). Infection-attributable ASIR was highest in eastern Asia (37·9 cases per 100 000 person-years) and sub-Saharan Africa (33·1), and lowest in northern Europe (13·6) and western Asia (13·8). China accounted for a third of worldwide cancer cases attributable to infection, driven by high ASIR of H pylori (15·6) and hepatitis B virus (11·7) infection. The cancer burden attributed to human papillomavirus showed the clearest relationship with country income level (from ASIR of 6·9 cases per 100 000 person-years in high-income countries to 16·1 in low-income countries). INTERPRETATION Infection-attributable cancer incidence, in addition to the absolute number of cases, allows for refined geographic analyses and identification of populations with a high infection-associated cancer burden. When cancer prevention is largely considered in a non-communicable disease context, there is a crucial need for resources directed towards cancer prevention programmes that target infection, particularly in high-risk populations. Such interventions can markedly reduce the increasing cancer burden and associated mortality. FUNDING International Agency for Research on Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine de Martel
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Damien Georges
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Gary M Clifford
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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19
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Clifford GM, Tenet V, Georges D, Alemany L, Pavón MA, Chen Z, Yeager M, Cullen M, Boland JF, Bass S, Steinberg M, Raine-Bennett T, Lorey T, Wentzensen N, Walker J, Zuna R, Schiffman M, Mirabello L. Human papillomavirus 16 sub-lineage dispersal and cervical cancer risk worldwide: Whole viral genome sequences from 7116 HPV16-positive women. Papillomavirus Res 2019; 7:67-74. [PMID: 30738204 PMCID: PMC6374642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV)16 can be separated into genetic sub-lineages (A1-4, B1-4, C1-4, D1-4) which may have differential cervical cancer risk. METHODS A next-generation sequencing assay was used to whole-genome sequence 7116 HPV16-positive cervical samples from well-characterised international epidemiological studies, including 2076 controls, 1878 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 186 adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous cell carcinoma (ADC), and to assign HPV16 sub-lineage. Logistic regression was used to estimate region-stratified country-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95%CI. RESULTS A1 was the most globally widespread sub-lineage, with others showing stronger regional specificity (A3 and A4 for East Asia, B1-4 and C1-4 for Africa, D2 for the Americas, B4, C4 and D4 for North Africa). Increased cancer risks versus A1 were seen for A3, A4 and D (sub)lineages in regions where they were common: A3 in East Asia (OR=2.2, 95%CI:1.0-4.7); A4 in East Asia (6.6, 3.1-14.1) and North America (3.8, 1.7-8.3); and D in North (6.2, 4.1-9.3) and South/Central America (2.2, 0.8-5.7), where D lineages were also more frequent in ADC than SCC (3.2, 1.5-6.5; 12.1, 5.7-25.6, respectively). CONCLUSIONS HPV16 genetic variation can strongly influence cervical cancer risk. However, burden of cervical cancer attributable to different sub-lineages worldwide is largely driven by historical HPV16 sub-lineage dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Tenet
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Damien Georges
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Laia Alemany
- Infections and Cancer Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miquel Angel Pavón
- Infections and Cancer Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Zigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Michael Cullen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Joseph F Boland
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Sara Bass
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Mia Steinberg
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Tina Raine-Bennett
- Women's Health Research Institute, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Thomas Lorey
- Regional Laboratory, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Joan Walker
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.
| | - Rosemary Zuna
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.
| | - Mark Schiffman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
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20
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Bjorkman AD, Myers-Smith IH, Elmendorf SC, Normand S, Rüger N, Beck PSA, Blach-Overgaard A, Blok D, Cornelissen JHC, Forbes BC, Georges D, Goetz SJ, Guay KC, Henry GHR, HilleRisLambers J, Hollister RD, Karger DN, Kattge J, Manning P, Prevéy JS, Rixen C, Schaepman-Strub G, Thomas HJD, Vellend M, Wilmking M, Wipf S, Carbognani M, Hermanutz L, Lévesque E, Molau U, Petraglia A, Soudzilovskaia NA, Spasojevic MJ, Tomaselli M, Vowles T, Alatalo JM, Alexander HD, Anadon-Rosell A, Angers-Blondin S, Beest MT, Berner L, Björk RG, Buchwal A, Buras A, Christie K, Cooper EJ, Dullinger S, Elberling B, Eskelinen A, Frei ER, Grau O, Grogan P, Hallinger M, Harper KA, Heijmans MMPD, Hudson J, Hülber K, Iturrate-Garcia M, Iversen CM, Jaroszynska F, Johnstone JF, Jørgensen RH, Kaarlejärvi E, Klady R, Kuleza S, Kulonen A, Lamarque LJ, Lantz T, Little CJ, Speed JDM, Michelsen A, Milbau A, Nabe-Nielsen J, Nielsen SS, Ninot JM, Oberbauer SF, Olofsson J, Onipchenko VG, Rumpf SB, Semenchuk P, Shetti R, Collier LS, Street LE, Suding KN, Tape KD, Trant A, Treier UA, Tremblay JP, Tremblay M, Venn S, Weijers S, Zamin T, Boulanger-Lapointe N, Gould WA, Hik DS, Hofgaard A, Jónsdóttir IS, Jorgenson J, Klein J, Magnusson B, Tweedie C, Wookey PA, Bahn M, Blonder B, van Bodegom PM, Bond-Lamberty B, Campetella G, Cerabolini BEL, Chapin FS, Cornwell WK, Craine J, Dainese M, de Vries FT, Díaz S, Enquist BJ, Green W, Milla R, Niinemets Ü, Onoda Y, Ordoñez JC, Ozinga WA, Penuelas J, Poorter H, Poschlod P, Reich PB, Sandel B, Schamp B, Sheremetev S, Weiher E. Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome. Nature 2018; 562:57-62. [PMID: 30258229 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature-trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne D Bjorkman
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | - Sarah C Elmendorf
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, USA.,Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Signe Normand
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Arctic Research Center, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - Pieter S A Beck
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Bio-Economy Unit, Ispra, Italy
| | - Anne Blach-Overgaard
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daan Blok
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Hans C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce C Forbes
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Damien Georges
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,International Agency for Research in Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Scott J Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Kevin C Guay
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, USA
| | - Gregory H R Henry
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Dirk N Karger
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Manning
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Janet S Prevéy
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Schaepman-Strub
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luise Hermanutz
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Esther Lévesque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Ulf Molau
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marko J Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Marcello Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tage Vowles
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Heather D Alexander
- Department of Forestry, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Alba Anadon-Rosell
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mariska Te Beest
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Logan Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Robert G Björk
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Agata Buchwal
- Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Allan Buras
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elisabeth J Cooper
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Esther R Frei
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Oriol Grau
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Paul Grogan
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Hallinger
- Biology Department, Swedish Agricultural University (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karen A Harper
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Monique M P D Heijmans
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - James Hudson
- British Columbia Public Service, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karl Hülber
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maitane Iturrate-Garcia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Francesca Jaroszynska
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland.,Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jill F Johnstone
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Rasmus Halfdan Jørgensen
- Forest and Landscape College, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Nødebo, Denmark
| | - Elina Kaarlejärvi
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Klady
- Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sara Kuleza
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Aino Kulonen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Trevor Lantz
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chelsea J Little
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - James D M Speed
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann Milbau
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Sigrid Schøler Nielsen
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Josep M Ninot
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steven F Oberbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Johan Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Sabine B Rumpf
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Semenchuk
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rohan Shetti
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laura Siegwart Collier
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Lorna E Street
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ken D Tape
- Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Andrew Trant
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.,School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Urs A Treier
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Arctic Research Center, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jean-Pierre Tremblay
- Département de biologie, Centre d'études nordiques and Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Maxime Tremblay
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Susanna Venn
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stef Weijers
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tara Zamin
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - William A Gould
- USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - David S Hik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Ingibjörg S Jónsdóttir
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Janet Jorgenson
- Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Julia Klein
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Philip A Wookey
- Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Michael Bahn
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Bond-Lamberty
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Giandiego Campetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - F Stuart Chapin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - William K Cornwell
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Matteo Dainese
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Franciska T de Vries
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Walton Green
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruben Milla
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación. Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Wim A Ozinga
- Team Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Poschlod
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brody Sandel
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Schamp
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Evan Weiher
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| |
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21
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Steinbauer MJ, Grytnes JA, Jurasinski G, Kulonen A, Lenoir J, Pauli H, Rixen C, Winkler M, Bardy-Durchhalter M, Barni E, Bjorkman AD, Breiner FT, Burg S, Czortek P, Dawes MA, Delimat A, Dullinger S, Erschbamer B, Felde VA, Fernández-Arberas O, Fossheim KF, Gómez-García D, Georges D, Grindrud ET, Haider S, Haugum SV, Henriksen H, Herreros MJ, Jaroszewicz B, Jaroszynska F, Kanka R, Kapfer J, Klanderud K, Kühn I, Lamprecht A, Matteodo M, di Cella UM, Normand S, Odland A, Olsen SL, Palacio S, Petey M, Piscová V, Sedlakova B, Steinbauer K, Stöckli V, Svenning JC, Teppa G, Theurillat JP, Vittoz P, Woodin SJ, Zimmermann NE, Wipf S. Accelerated increase in plant species richness on mountain summits is linked to warming. Nature 2018; 556:231-234. [PMID: 29618821 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Globally accelerating trends in societal development and human environmental impacts since the mid-twentieth century 1-7 are known as the Great Acceleration and have been discussed as a key indicator of the onset of the Anthropocene epoch 6 . While reports on ecological responses (for example, changes in species range or local extinctions) to the Great Acceleration are multiplying 8, 9 , it is unknown whether such biotic responses are undergoing a similar acceleration over time. This knowledge gap stems from the limited availability of time series data on biodiversity changes across large temporal and geographical extents. Here we use a dataset of repeated plant surveys from 302 mountain summits across Europe, spanning 145 years of observation, to assess the temporal trajectory of mountain biodiversity changes as a globally coherent imprint of the Anthropocene. We find a continent-wide acceleration in the rate of increase in plant species richness, with five times as much species enrichment between 2007 and 2016 as fifty years ago, between 1957 and 1966. This acceleration is strikingly synchronized with accelerated global warming and is not linked to alternative global change drivers. The accelerating increases in species richness on mountain summits across this broad spatial extent demonstrate that acceleration in climate-induced biotic change is occurring even in remote places on Earth, with potentially far-ranging consequences not only for biodiversity, but also for ecosystem functioning and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Steinbauer
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Department of Geography and Geosciences, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Aino Kulonen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- CNRS, UMR 7058 EDYSAN, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria
- GLORIA Coordination, Center for Global Change and Sustainability at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU-gW/N), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Winkler
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria
- GLORIA Coordination, Center for Global Change and Sustainability at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU-gW/N), Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Bardy-Durchhalter
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria
- GLORIA Coordination, Center for Global Change and Sustainability at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU-gW/N), Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena Barni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Anne D Bjorkman
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank T Breiner
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Burg
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Patryk Czortek
- Białowiez˙ a Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowiez˙ a, Poland
| | - Melissa A Dawes
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Anna Delimat
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Vivian A Felde
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Kjetil F Fossheim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Damien Georges
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Erlend T Grindrud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Siri V Haugum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne Henriksen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowiez˙ a Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowiez˙ a, Poland
| | - Francesca Jaroszynska
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Robert Kanka
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jutta Kapfer
- Department of Landscape Monitoring, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Department for Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | - Andrea Lamprecht
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria
- GLORIA Coordination, Center for Global Change and Sustainability at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU-gW/N), Vienna, Austria
| | - Magali Matteodo
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Signe Normand
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Arvid Odland
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University College of Southeast Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Siri L Olsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara Palacio
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Huesca, Spain
| | - Martina Petey
- Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Saint-Christophe, Italy
| | - Veronika Piscová
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria
- GLORIA Coordination, Center for Global Change and Sustainability at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU-gW/N), Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Stöckli
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
- Bergwelten 21 AG, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Guido Teppa
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Jean-Paul Theurillat
- Centre Alpien de Phytogéographie, Fondation J.-M. Aubert, Champex-Lac, Switzerland
- Section of Biology, University of Geneva, Chambésy, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Vittoz
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah J Woodin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland.
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22
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Carboni M, Guéguen M, Barros C, Georges D, Boulangeat I, Douzet R, Dullinger S, Klonner G, van Kleunen M, Essl F, Bossdorf O, Haeuser E, Talluto MV, Moser D, Block S, Conti L, Dullinger I, Münkemüller T, Thuiller W. Simulating plant invasion dynamics in mountain ecosystems under global change scenarios. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:e289-e302. [PMID: 28833915 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Across the globe, invasive alien species cause severe environmental changes, altering species composition and ecosystem functions. So far, mountain areas have mostly been spared from large-scale invasions. However, climate change, land-use abandonment, the development of tourism and the increasing ornamental trade will weaken the barriers to invasions in these systems. Understanding how alien species will react and how native communities will influence their success is thus of prime importance in a management perspective. Here, we used a spatially and temporally explicit simulation model to forecast invasion risks in a protected mountain area in the French Alps under future conditions. We combined scenarios of climate change, land-use abandonment and tourism-linked increases in propagule pressure to test if the spread of alien species in the region will increase in the future. We modelled already naturalized alien species and new ornamental plants, accounting for interactions among global change components, and also competition with the native vegetation. Our results show that propagule pressure and climate change will interact to increase overall species richness of both naturalized aliens and new ornamentals, as well as their upper elevational limits and regional range-sizes. Under climate change, woody aliens are predicted to more than double in range-size and herbaceous species to occupy up to 20% of the park area. In contrast, land-use abandonment will open new invasion opportunities for woody aliens, but decrease invasion probability for naturalized and ornamental alien herbs as a consequence of colonization by native trees. This emphasizes the importance of interactions with the native vegetation either for facilitating or potentially for curbing invasions. Overall, our work highlights an additional and previously underestimated threat for the fragile mountain flora of the Alps already facing climate changes, land-use transformations and overexploitation by tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carboni
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, CNRS, LECA, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Maya Guéguen
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, CNRS, LECA, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Ceres Barros
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, CNRS, LECA, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Damien Georges
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, CNRS, LECA, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Boulangeat
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rolland Douzet
- Station Alpine Joseph Fourier, UMS 3370 UJF-CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guenther Klonner
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emily Haeuser
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Matthew V Talluto
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, CNRS, LECA, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Dietmar Moser
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Svenja Block
- Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luisa Conti
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Iwona Dullinger
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Social Ecology, Faculty for Interdisciplinary Studies, Alps Adria University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Münkemüller
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, CNRS, LECA, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, CNRS, LECA, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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23
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Mouchet MA, Rega C, Lasseur R, Georges D, Paracchini ML, Renaud J, Stürck J, Schulp CJE, Verburg PH, Verkerk PJ, Lavorel S. Ecosystem service supply by European landscapes under alternative land-use and environmental policies. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21513732.2017.1381167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maud A. Mouchet
- Centre of Ecology and Conservation, UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Carlo Rega
- European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy
| | - Rémy Lasseur
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Damien Georges
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Maria-Luisa Paracchini
- European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy
| | - Julien Renaud
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Julia Stürck
- Environmental Geography Group, Department of Earth Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina J. E. Schulp
- Environmental Geography Group, Department of Earth Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H. Verburg
- Environmental Geography Group, Department of Earth Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sandra Lavorel
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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24
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Cotto O, Wessely J, Georges D, Klonner G, Schmid M, Dullinger S, Thuiller W, Guillaume F. A dynamic eco-evolutionary model predicts slow response of alpine plants to climate warming. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15399. [PMID: 28474676 PMCID: PMC5424169 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Withstanding extinction while facing rapid climate change depends on a species' ability to track its ecological niche or to evolve a new one. Current methods that predict climate-driven species' range shifts use ecological modelling without eco-evolutionary dynamics. Here we present an eco-evolutionary forecasting framework that combines niche modelling with individual-based demographic and genetic simulations. Applying our approach to four endemic perennial plant species of the Austrian Alps, we show that accounting for eco-evolutionary dynamics when predicting species' responses to climate change is crucial. Perennial species persist in unsuitable habitats longer than predicted by niche modelling, causing delayed range losses; however, their evolutionary responses are constrained because long-lived adults produce increasingly maladapted offspring. Decreasing population size due to maladaptation occurs faster than the contraction of the species range, especially for the most abundant species. Monitoring of species' local abundance rather than their range may likely better inform on species' extinction risks under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Cotto
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
- CEFE-CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier 5 34293, France
| | - Johannes Wessely
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Damien Georges
- Univesity Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Günther Klonner
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Max Schmid
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univesity Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Frédéric Guillaume
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
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25
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Barros C, Thuiller W, Georges D, Boulangeat I, Münkemüller T. N-dimensional hypervolumes to study stability of complex ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:729-42. [PMID: 27282314 PMCID: PMC4975519 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although our knowledge on the stabilising role of biodiversity and on how it is affected by perturbations has greatly improved, we still lack a comprehensive view on ecosystem stability that is transversal to different habitats and perturbations. Hence, we propose a framework that takes advantage of the multiplicity of components of an ecosystem and their contribution to stability. Ecosystem components can range from species or functional groups, to different functional traits, or even the cover of different habitats in a landscape mosaic. We make use of n-dimensional hypervolumes to define ecosystem states and assess how much they shift after environmental changes have occurred. We demonstrate the value of this framework with a study case on the effects of environmental change on Alpine ecosystems. Our results highlight the importance of a multidimensional approach when studying ecosystem stability and show that our framework is flexible enough to be applied to different types of ecosystem components, which can have important implications for the study of ecosystem stability and transient dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceres Barros
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Damien Georges
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Boulangeat
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Théorique, Département de Biologie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300, Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Qc, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Tamara Münkemüller
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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26
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Zhang J, Nielsen SE, Chen Y, Georges D, Qin Y, Wang SS, Svenning JC, Thuiller W. Extinction risk of North American seed plants elevated by climate and land-use change. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science & Tiantong National Station of Forest Ecosystem; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200241 China
- Department of Renewable Resources; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB T6G 2H1 Canada
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Ny Munkegade 114 Aarhus C DK-8000 Denmark
| | - Scott E. Nielsen
- Department of Renewable Resources; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB T6G 2H1 Canada
| | - Youhua Chen
- Department of Renewable Resources; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB T6G 2H1 Canada
| | - Damien Georges
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA); Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Yuchu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science; Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Si-Shuo Wang
- Department of Botany; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Ny Munkegade 114 Aarhus C DK-8000 Denmark
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA); Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS; F-38000 Grenoble France
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27
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Abstract
Phylogenetic Generalized Least Square (PGLS) is the tool of choice among phylogenetic comparative methods to measure the correlation between species features such as morphological and life-history traits or niche characteristics. In its usual form, it assumes that the residual variation follows a homogenous model of evolution across the branches of the phylogenetic tree. Since a homogenous model of evolution is unlikely to be realistic in nature, we explored the robustness of the phylogenetic regression when this assumption is violated. We did so by simulating a set of traits under various heterogeneous models of evolution, and evaluating the statistical performance (type I error [the percentage of tests based on samples that incorrectly rejected a true null hypothesis] and power [the percentage of tests that correctly rejected a false null hypothesis]) of classical phylogenetic regression. We found that PGLS has good power but unacceptable type I error rates. This finding is important since this method has been increasingly used in comparative analyses over the last decade. To address this issue, we propose a simple solution based on transforming the underlying variance-covariance matrix to adjust for model heterogeneity within PGLS. We suggest that heterogeneous rates of evolution might be particularly prevalent in large phylogenetic trees, while most current approaches assume a homogenous rate of evolution. Our analysis demonstrates that overlooking rate heterogeneity can result in inflated type I errors, thus misleading comparative analyses. We show that it is possible to correct for this bias even when the underlying model of evolution is not known a priori.
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28
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Thuiller W, Münkemüller T, Schiffers KH, Georges D, Dullinger S, Eckhart VM, Edwards TC, Gravel D, Kunstler G, Merow C, Moore K, Piedallu C, Vissault S, Zimmermann NE, Zurell D, Schurr FM. Does probability of occurrence relate to population dynamics? Ecography 2014; 37:1155-1166. [PMID: 25722536 PMCID: PMC4338510 DOI: 10.1111/ecog.00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson defined species' realized niche as the set of environmental conditions in which populations can persist in the presence of competitors. In terms of demography, the realized niche corresponds to the environments where the intrinsic growth rate (r) of populations is positive. Observed species occurrences should reflect the realized niche when additional processes like dispersal and local extinction lags do not have overwhelming effects. Despite the foundational nature of these ideas, quantitative assessments of the relationship between range-wide demographic performance and occurrence probability have not been made. This assessment is needed both to improve our conceptual understanding of species' niches and ranges and to develop reliable mechanistic models of species geographic distributions that incorporate demography and species interactions. The objective of this study is to analyse how demographic parameters (intrinsic growth rate r and carrying capacity K) and population density (N) relate to occurrence probability (Pocc ). We hypothesized that these relationships vary with species' competitive ability. Demographic parameters, density, and occurrence probability were estimated for 108 tree species from four temperate forest inventory surveys (Québec, Western US, France and Switzerland). We used published information of shade tolerance as indicators of light competition strategy, assuming that high tolerance denotes high competitive capacity in stable forest environments. Interestingly, relationships between demographic parameters and occurrence probability did not vary substantially across degrees of shade tolerance and regions. Although they were influenced by the uncertainty in the estimation of the demographic parameters, we found that r was generally negatively correlated with Pocc , while N, and for most regions K, was generally positively correlated with Pocc . Thus, in temperate forest trees the regions of highest occurrence probability are those with high densities but slow intrinsic population growth rates. The uncertain relationships between demography and occurrence probability suggests caution when linking species distribution and demographic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), F-38000 Grenoble, France ; CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tamara Münkemüller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), F-38000 Grenoble, France ; CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Katja H Schiffers
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), F-38000 Grenoble, France ; CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Damien Georges
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), F-38000 Grenoble, France ; CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Dep. of Conservation Biology, Vegetation- and Landscape Ecology, Faculty Centre of Biodiversity, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna
| | | | - Thomas C Edwards
- US. Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and Wildland Resources, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-5290, USA
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Québec G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Georges Kunstler
- Irstea, UR Mountain Ecosystems, St-Martin-d'Hères, France ; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Cory Merow
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, 21307-0028, MD, USA
| | - Kara Moore
- Center for Population Biology, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Christian Piedallu
- AgroParisTech, UMR1092, Laboratoire d'Étude des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), ENGREF, Nancy Cedex, France ; INRA, UMR1092, Laboratoire d'Étude des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), Centre INRA de Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | - Steve Vissault
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Québec G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Landscape Dynamics Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Damaris Zurell
- Landscape Dynamics Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland ; Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank M Schurr
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR-CNRS 5554, Université Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France ; Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
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29
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Boulangeat I, Georges D, Dentant C, Bonet R, Van Es J, Abdulhak S, Zimmermann NE, Thuiller W. Anticipating the spatio-temporal response of plant diversity and vegetation structure to climate and land use change in a protected area. Ecography 2014; 37:1230-1239. [PMID: 25722538 PMCID: PMC4338509 DOI: 10.1111/ecog.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation is a key driver of ecosystem functioning (e.g. productivity and stability) and of the maintenance of biodiversity (e.g. creating habitats for other species groups). While vegetation sensitivity to climate change has been widely investgated, its spatio-temporally response to the dual efects of land management and climate change has been ignored at landscape scale. Here we use a dynamic vegetation model called FATE-HD, which describes the dominant vegetation dynamics and associated functional diversity, in order to anticipate vegetation response to climate and land-use changes in both short and long-term perspectives. Using three contrasted management scenarios for the Ecrins National Park (French Alps) developed in collaboration with the park managers, and one regional climate change scenario, we tracked the dynamics of vegetation structure (forest expansion) and functional diversity over 100 years of climate change and a further 400 additional years of stabilization. As expected, we observed a slow upward shift in forest cover distribution, which appears to be severely impacted by pasture management (i.e. maintenance or abandonment). The tme lag before observing changes in vegetation cover was the result of demographic and seed dispersal processes. However, plant diversity response to environmental changes was rapid. Afer land abandonment, local diversity increased and spatial turnover was reduced, whereas local diversity decreased following land use intensification. Interestingly, in the long term, as both climate and management scenarios interacted, the regional diversity declined. Our innovative spatio-temporally explicit framework demonstrates that the vegetation may have contrasting responses to changes in the short and the long term. Moreover, climate and land-abandonment interact extensively leading to a decrease in both regional diversity and turnover in the long term. Based on our simulations we therefore suggest a continuing moderate intensity pasturing to maintain high levels of plant diversity in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Boulangeat
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université J. Fourier, Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Damien Georges
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université J. Fourier, Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Cédric Dentant
- Parc National des Ecrins, Domaine de Charance, 05000 Gap, France
| | - Richard Bonet
- Parc National des Ecrins, Domaine de Charance, 05000 Gap, France
| | - Jérémie Van Es
- Conservatoire Botanique National Alpin, Domaine de Charance, 05000 Gap, France
| | - Sylvain Abdulhak
- Conservatoire Botanique National Alpin, Domaine de Charance, 05000 Gap, France
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Landscape Dynamics Unit, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université J. Fourier, Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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30
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Thuiller W, Guéguen M, Georges D, Bonet R, Chalmandrier L, Garraud L, Renaud J, Roquet C, Van Es J, Zimmermann NE, Lavergne S. Are different facets of plant diversity well protected against climate and land cover changes? A test study in the French Alps. Ecography 2014; 37:1254-1266. [PMID: 25722539 PMCID: PMC4338502 DOI: 10.1111/ecog.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Climate and land cover changes are important drivers of the plant species distributions and diversity patterns in mountainous regions. Although the need for a multifaceted view of diversity based on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic dimensions is now commonly recognized, there are no complete risk assessments concerning their expected changes. In this paper, we used a range of species distribution models in an ensemble-forecasting framework together with regional climate and land cover projections by 2080 to analyze the potential threat for more than 2,500 plant species at high resolution (2.5 km × 2.5 km) in the French Alps. We also decomposed taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity facets into α and β components and analyzed their expected changes by 2080. Overall, plant species threats from climate and land cover changes in the French Alps were expected to vary depending on the species' preferred altitudinal vegetation zone, rarity, and conservation status. Indeed, rare species and species of conservation concern were the ones projected to experience less severe change, and also the ones being the most efficiently preserved by the current network of protected areas. Conversely, the three facets of plant diversity were also projected to experience drastic spatial re-shuffling by 2080. In general, the mean α-diversity of the three facets was projected to increase to the detriment of regional β-diversity, although the latter was projected to remain high at the montane-alpine transition zones. Our results show that, due to a high-altitude distribution, the current protection network is efficient for rare species, and species predicted to migrate upward. Although our modeling framework may not capture all possible mechanisms of species range shifts, our work illustrates that a comprehensive risk assessment on an entire floristic region combined with functional and phylogenetic information can help delimitate future scenarios of biodiversity and better design its protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1, BP 53, FR-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Maya Guéguen
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1, BP 53, FR-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Damien Georges
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1, BP 53, FR-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Loïc Chalmandrier
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1, BP 53, FR-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Luc Garraud
- Domaine de Charance, Conservatoire Botanique National Alpin, Gap, 05000, France
| | - Julien Renaud
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1, BP 53, FR-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Cristina Roquet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1, BP 53, FR-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jérémie Van Es
- Domaine de Charance, Conservatoire Botanique National Alpin, Gap, 05000, France
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1, BP 53, FR-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Carlson BZ, Georges D, Rabatel A, Randin CF, Renaud J, Delestrade A, Zimmermann NE, Choler P, Thuiller W. Accounting for tree line shift, glacier retreat and primary succession in mountain plant distribution models. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Z. Carlson
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; UMR CNRS-UJF 5553; University Grenoble Alpes; BP 53, 38041 Grenoble France
| | - Damien Georges
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; UMR CNRS-UJF 5553; University Grenoble Alpes; BP 53, 38041 Grenoble France
| | - Antoine Rabatel
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement; UMR CNRS-UJF 5183; University Grenoble Alpes; BP 96, 38402 Grenoble France
| | - Christophe F. Randin
- Botanisches Institut der Universität Basel; Schönbeinstrasse 6 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Zürcherstr. 111 HL-E22, 8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Julien Renaud
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; UMR CNRS-UJF 5553; University Grenoble Alpes; BP 53, 38041 Grenoble France
| | - Anne Delestrade
- Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes d'Altitude; 67, lacets de Belvédère 74400 Chamonix-Mont-Blanc France
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; UMR CNRS-UJF 5553; University de Savoie; 73376 Le Bourget du Lac France
| | - Niklaus E. Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Zürcherstr. 111 HL-E22, 8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Philippe Choler
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; UMR CNRS-UJF 5553; University Grenoble Alpes; BP 53, 38041 Grenoble France
- Station Alpine J. Fourier; UMS CNRS-UJF 3370; University Grenoble Alpes; BP 53, 38041 Grenoble France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; UMR CNRS-UJF 5553; University Grenoble Alpes; BP 53, 38041 Grenoble France
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Fernandes RF, Vicente JR, Georges D, Alves P, Thuiller W, Honrado JP. A novel downscaling approach to predict plant invasions and improve local conservation actions. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Meller L, Cabeza M, Pironon S, Barbet-Massin M, Maiorano L, Georges D, Thuiller W. Ensemble distribution models in conservation prioritization: from consensus predictions to consensus reserve networks. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014; 20:309-321. [PMID: 24791145 PMCID: PMC4003394 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Conservation planning exercises increasingly rely on species distributions predicted either from one particular statistical model or, more recently, from an ensemble of models (i.e. ensemble forecasting). However, it has not yet been explored how different ways of summarizing ensemble predictions affect conservation planning outcomes. We evaluate these effects and compare commonplace consensus methods, applied before the conservation prioritization phase, to a novel method that applies consensus after reserve selection. LOCATION Europe. METHODS We used an ensemble of predicted distributions of 146 Western Palaearctic bird species in alternative ways: four different consensus methods, as well as distributions discounted with variability, were used to produce inputs for spatial conservation prioritization. In addition, we developed and tested a novel method, in which we built 100 datasets by sampling the ensemble of predicted distributions, ran a conservation prioritization analysis on each of them and averaged the resulting priority ranks. We evaluated the conservation outcome against three controls: (i) a null control, based on random ranking of cells; (2) the reference solution, based on an expert-refined dataset; and (3) the independent solution, based on an independent dataset. RESULTS Networks based on predicted distributions were more representative of rare species than randomly selected networks. Alternative methods to summarize ensemble predictions differed in representativeness of resulting reserve networks. Our novel method resulted in better representation of rare species than pre-selection consensus methods. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Retaining information about the variation in the predicted distributions throughout the conservation prioritization seems to provide better results than summarizing the predictions before conservation prioritization. Our results highlight the need to understand and consider model-based uncertainty when using predicted distribution data in conservation prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Meller
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR-CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mar Cabeza
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuel Pironon
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR-CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Morgane Barbet-Massin
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7204 MNHNCNRS-UPMC, Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d’Oiseaux, CP 51 55 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Viale dell’Università 32, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Damien Georges
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR-CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR-CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Betjes M, Weimar W, Litjens N, Costa C, Saldan A, Sinesi F, Sidoti F, Mantovani S, Simeone S, Balloco C, Piasentin Alessio E, Piceghello A, DI Nauta A, Ranghino A, Segoloni G, Cavallo R, Smedbraaten YV, Hartmann A, Rollag H, Leivestad T, Foss A, Viko H, Os I, Sagedal S, Zuber J, Saoussen K, Moglie LQ, Laure-Helene N, Victor G, Valerie C, Remi S, Annie L, Georges D, Maryvonne H, Veronique FB, Patrick N, Eric R, Christophe L, Chantal L, Pruthi R, Ravanan R, Casula A, Roderick P. Transplantation clinical. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
The fossil record of tunicates reaches back to the upper Cambrian period. Ascidians have mobile, tadpole-like juvenile forms with a notochord, which inspired the classification of tunicates as Urochordata, i.e., predecessors of vertebrates. The genome of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis contains a relaxin coding region that is organized like a mammalian gene, i.e., signal peptide, B-chain domain, connecting peptide domain, followed by the A-chain domain with a stop codon after cysteine A-22. RNA-derived cDNA encodes a relaxin that is identical to the circulating form of the porcine hormone. In contrast to the porcine gene, the ascidian gene has no intron in the C-peptide domain, and in that respect is similar to the bombyxin gene of the silkworm. During the spawning period, only enough relaxin could be extracted and isolated from gonads of C. intestinalis for a partial sequence analysis. Remarkable as it may be, these findings suggest that relaxin is identical in pigs, whales, and the tunicate C. intestinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Georges
- UFR de Biologie, Universite Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, France
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Reinecke M, Eppler E, David I, Georges D. Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence, localization and partial coexistence of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I and relaxin in the protochordate Ciona intestinalis. Cell Tissue Res 1999; 295:331-8. [PMID: 9931379 DOI: 10.1007/s004410051239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence and coexistence of peptides of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/insulin superfamily were investigated in the ovary and gastro-intestinal tract of the protochordate Ciona intestinalis. Antisera specific for mammalian IGF-I, insulin and relaxin were used in a double-immunofluorescence method on paraffin sections and with an immunogold technique on consecutive semi-thin sections. IGF-I and relaxin immunoreactions but no insulin immunoreactions occurred in the ovary and were confined to medium-sized and mature follicle cells. Two subpopulations of reacting follicular cells were present: those containing only IGF-I immunoreactivity (5%) and those containing IGF-I and relaxin immunoreactivities (95%). In the gastro-intestinal tract, IGF-I and insulin immunoreactions coexisted, whereas no relaxin immunoreactions were obtained. Gel chromatography and radioimmunoassay in Ciona ovary revealed IGF-I immunoreactivity in two peaks with apparent molecular masses of approximately 16 kDa and 3 kDa. The present results indicate that (1) the same IGF-I-related peptide probably occurs in gastro-intestinal tract and ovary, (2) three different members of the insulin/IGF family of peptides are probably present in protochordates, (3) different types of coexistence of these peptides seem to exist in protochordates, i.e. an IGF-I-related peptide and an insulin-related peptide in the digestive tract and, as shown previously, in central nervous system, and the IGF-I-related peptide and relaxin in the ovary, (4) an IGF-I-related peptide and relaxin may be involved in oocyte maturation in the protochordate ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reinecke
- Division of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Wallis RS, Lederman HM, Spritzler J, Devers JL, Georges D, Weinberg A, Stehn S, Lederman MM. Measurement of induced cytokines in AIDS clinical trials using whole blood: a preliminary report. ACTG Inducible Cytokines Focus Group. AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1998; 5:556-60. [PMID: 9665966 PMCID: PMC95617 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.5.4.556-560.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Measures of immune function have become increasingly important as endpoints in AIDS clinical trials, with respect to both modulation and reconstitution of immunity by experimental therapies. Measurement of immune function in this setting requires the development of robust analytic approaches suitable for the clinical laboratory. Experiments were performed to evaluate the suitability of using cultured heparinized ("whole") blood for induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), two cytokines critical in AIDS pathogenesis. TNF-alpha expression ranged from 229 to 769 pg/ml in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cultures and was not detected in unstimulated cultures. IFN-gamma expression ranged from 0 to 112,000 pg/ml in phytohemagglutinin A (PHA)-stimulated cultures and from 0 to 789 pg/ml in antigen-stimulated cultures. The mean coefficient of variation observed in three weekly determinations was 0.47 for TNF-alpha and ranged from 0.12 to 1.73 for IFN-gamma. These values indicate that sample sizes of 8, 24, and 29 subjects would be sufficient to detect twofold changes in LPS-induced TNF-alpha and in PHA- and antigen-induced IFN-gamma respectively, if two baseline and two treatment determinations were obtained, and if the interpatient variability of changes in true levels from baseline to follow-up is negligible compared to the variability in the three weekly measurements. Measurement of LPS-induced TNF-alpha and mitogen- or antigen-induced IFN-gamma can be performed simply and reproducibly in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons by the whole-blood culture method. Further studies are warranted to determine the effect of overnight shipping on assay reproducibility and to determine the extent to which responses can be reliably detected in subjects with low CD4 cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Wallis
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals and CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4984, USA.
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Candau R, Belli A, Millet GY, Georges D, Barbier B, Rouillon JD. Energy cost and running mechanics during a treadmill run to voluntary exhaustion in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998; 77:479-85. [PMID: 9650730 DOI: 10.1007/s004210050363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the physiological and mechanical factors which may be concerned in the increase in energy cost during running in a fatigued state. A group of 15 trained triathletes ran on a treadmill at velocities corresponding to their personal records over 3000m [mean 4.53 (SD 0.28) m x s(-1)] until they felt exhausted. The energy cost of running (CR) was quantified from the net O2 uptake and the elevation of blood lactate concentration. Gas exchange was measured over 1 min firstly during the 3rd-4th min and secondly during the last minute of the run. Blood samples were collected before and after the completion of the run. Mechanical changes of the centre of mass were quantified using a kinematic arm. A significant mean increase [6.9 (SD 3.5)%, P < 0.001] in CR from a mean of 4.4 (SD 0.4) J x kg(-1) x m(-1) to a mean of 4.7 (SD 0.4) J x kg(-1) x m(-1) was observed. The increase in the O2 demand of the respiratory muscles estimated from the increase in ventilation accounted for a considerable proportion [mean 25.2 (SD 10.4)%] of the increase in CR. A mean increase [17.0 (SD 26.0)%, P < 0.05] in the mechanical cost (CM) from a mean of 2.36 (SD 0.23) J x kg m(-1) to a mean of 2.74 (SD 0.55) J x kg(-1) x m(-1) was also noted. A significant correlation was found between CR and CM in the non-fatigued state (r=0.68, P < 0.01), but not in the fatigued state (r=0.25, NS). Furthermore, no correlations were found between the changes (from non-fatigued to fatigued state) in CR and the changes in CM suggesting that the increase in CR is not solely dependent on the external work done per unit of distance. Since step frequency decreased slightly in the fatigued state, the internal work would have tended to decrease slightly which would not be compatible with an increase in CR. A stepwise regressions showed that the changes in CR were linked (r=0.77, P < 0.01) to the changes in the variability of step frequency and in the variability of potential cost suggesting that a large proportion of the increase in CR was due to an increase in the step variability. The underlying mechanisms of the relationship between CR and step variability remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Candau
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Sport--Unite de Formation et de Recherche et Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia and transfusion are predictors of disease progression in AIDS patients. This study was designed to examine the effects of blood transfusion on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) expression. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Assays of plasma viral load were performed before and after transfusion in nine HIV-1-infected patients who required blood transfusion for refractory anemia. RESULTS There was a modest rise in plasma HIV-1 p24 antigen and plasma HIV-1 RNA beginning 1 to 2 weeks after the blood transfusion. The mean change in plasma p24 antigen for all patients was 9.3 +/- 5.1 (mean +/- SE) pg per mL at Week 2 after transfusion and 18 +/- 11.1 pg per mL at Week 4. Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were unchanged immediately after transfusion and exceeded pretransfusion levels with a mean rise of 84 +/- 40 percent (SE) at Week 1, 70 +/- 27 percent at Week 2, and 67 +/- 38 percent at Week 4 (p = 0.006, exact permutation test). There was no increase in spontaneous or interleukin 2-induced lymphocyte proliferation or p24 antigen production by patients' lymphocytes that were examined immediately after blood transfusion. CONCLUSION The transfusion of blood to persons with advanced HIV-1 infection modestly increases plasma levels of HIV-1. The activation of HIV-1 expression by transfusion may help to explain the accelerated course of HIV-1 disease in recipients of blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Mudido
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Lederman MM, Georges D, Dando S, Schmelzer R, Averill L, Goldberg D. L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (procysteine) inhibits expression of the human immunodeficiency virus and expression of the interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1995; 8:107-15. [PMID: 7834394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
These studies were undertaken to examine the in vitro effects of the cysteine pro-drug L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (Procysteine) on human immunodeficiency virus expression. Procysteine inhibited HIV expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as detected by measurement of supernatant core antigen. In transient transfection assays, Procysteine inhibited gene expression controlled by the HIV-1 promoter in activated Jurkat cells but not in resting Jurkat cells. Gel-shift assays showed that Procysteine inhibited NF-kappa B DNA binding activity in nuclear extracts. Procysteine did not affect the production of interleukin-2 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy HIV-seronegative subjects, as measured by bioassay but it decreased the density of cell-surface interleukin-2 receptors detected by flow cytometry after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Thus, Procysteine inhibits HIV expression, HIV promoter activity, and NF-kappa B binding activity in vitro. Procysteine does not affect interleukin-2 production but inhibits interleukin-2 receptor expression in PHA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Lederman
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-4984
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41
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Abstract
Variations in capacitance or cell surface area were recorded on patch-clamped eggs of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis between the resumption of meiosis and the first mitotic cleavages. The membrane surface area increased within the first minutes after fertilization and then oscillated in phase with the cell cycles of the two meiotic divisions and first mitotic cleavage. With drugs, we generated two opposite situations (removal and insertion) or artificial variation in capacitance. In unfertilized eggs, cytochalasin induced a drop in capacitance linked to a decrease in calcium current intensity and specifically disturbed membrane removal linked to the first meiotic division cycle. It left unaffected the following cycles, in agreement with previous results that only the first meiosis cycle is microfilament dependent. In fertilized eggs, membrane removal at each cycle was hindered by emetine, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. The resulting membrane extrusion was observed in sections by electron microscopy and was linked to an increase in calcium current intensity. These fluctuations in surface area never involved the microtubule network, since nocodazole had no effect on any cycle. The fluctuations of membrane surface area after meiosis resumption in phase with cell cycles in Ciona oocytes paralleled the pattern previously described in the ascidian Boltenia villosa. This may reflect the mechanism by which the oocyte regulates, with possibly different mediators at each cycle, the connection between cell surface and internal membrane networks. This interrelation includes the insertion and removal of ion channels necessary to developmental control.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Arnoult
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS URA 520, DBMS/CENG, Grenoble, France
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Brambilla C, Chastang C, Georges D, Bertin L. Salmeterol compared with slow-release terbutaline in nocturnal asthma. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, sequential clinical trial. French Multicenter Study Group. Allergy 1994; 49:421-6. [PMID: 7915501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group clinical trial with a 2-week treatment period was to compare the efficacy and safety of salmeterol (50 micrograms twice daily) with slow-release (SR) terbutaline (5 mg orally, twice daily) in nocturnal asthma. A total of 159 asthmatic adults (FEV, 50-90% of predicted value; sex ratio: 0.87) with at least two nocturnal awakenings during a 7-d run-in period was included in the study. Patients were centrally randomized with a national computer network (Minitel). The main variable (number of awakening-free nights during the last week of treatment) was analyzed according to a sequential method with the one-sided triangular test. The number of awakening-free nights (+/- SD) was significantly higher in the salmeterol group: 5.3 +/- 2.4 vs 4.6 +/- 2.3 (P = 0.006). Salmeterol was significantly more effective than SR-terbutaline in the following factors: number of patients without any awakening during the last week of treatment (50% vs 27%, P = 0.003), mean morning PEF (351 +/- 109 l/min-1 vs 332 +/- 105 l/min-1, P = 0.04), PEF diurnal variation 6 +/- 10% vs 11 +/- 12%, P = 0.01), overall assessment of efficacy by the patient and the investigator (P = 0.001 and 0.005, respectively), and daily rescue salbutamol intakes (P = 0.004). In the salmeterol group, significantly fewer patients reported adverse events (16% vs 29%, P = 0.04).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brambilla
- Service de Pneumologie, CHRU, Grenoble, France
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43
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Georges D, Chenieux JC, Ochatt SJ. Plant regeneration from aged-callus of the woody ornamental species Lonicera japonica cv. "Hall's Prolific". Plant Cell Rep 1993; 13:91-94. [PMID: 24196294 DOI: 10.1007/bf00235297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/1993] [Revised: 08/04/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Callus cultures were initiated from in vitro grown leaf, stem and root segments of Lonicera japonica "Hall's Prolific", on a medium containing 10.7 μM α-naphthtylacetic acid and 2.7 μM benzyladenine, while media with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid led to a rapid necrosis of explants. Shoot regeneration from true-callus (i.e. without any part of the original explant) was achieved for the three different source tissues within 12 weeks. The highest rate of regeneration was obtained by using benzyladenine (4.4 to 44.4 μM) as the sole hormone in the medium. The regenerated shoots were readily elongated and rooted on the same medium as used for multiplication, and plantlets were subsequently transferred to greenhouse conditions, where nearly 100% of them were successfully acclimatized. This is the first example of plant regeneration from aged (≥6 month-old) true-callus of a woody ornamental species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Georges
- I.N.R.A. Station d'Amélioration des Espèces Fruitières et Ornementales, F-49071, Beaucouzé-Angers, France
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Muir JF, Bertin L, Georges D. Salmeterol versus slow-release theophylline combined with ketotifen in nocturnal asthma: a multicentre trial. French Multicentre Study Group. Eur Respir J 1992; 5:1197-200. [PMID: 1486965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We wished to assess the efficacy of inhaled salmeterol (SML; 50 micrograms b.i.d.) compared to a combination of slow-release theophylline and ketotifen p.o. (TK; T 300 mg+K 1 mg b.i.d.) for the treatment of nocturnal asthma. Ninety six patients with nocturnal asthma, (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 60-90% of predicted value, reversibility > or = 15%, at least two nocturnal awakenings per week) were eligible for a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy cross-over study (14-day run-in, two successive 28-day treatment periods). Efficacy was assessed as success/failure, success being defined as the complete disappearance of nocturnal symptoms/awakening during the last week of each treatment period. There was a statistically significant difference between SML and TK for this criterion: 46% and 39% success with SML during periods I (first 28-day period) and II (following the cross-over), compared to only 15% and 26% with TK, respectively (p < 0.01). SML was also significantly better for the other criteria (lung function, rescue salbutamol intake during day and night). Side-effects were five times less frequent in SML-treated patients (p < 0.004). Efficacy and tolerance of SML were obviously far better than those of TK in patients with nocturnal asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Muir
- Service de Pneumologie, Höpital de Bois Guillaume, France
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45
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Muir JF, Bertin L, Georges D. Salmeterol versus slow-release theophylline combined with ketotifen in nocturnal asthma: a multicentre trial. French Multicentre Study Group. Eur Respir J 1992. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.93.05101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We wished to assess the efficacy of inhaled salmeterol (SML; 50 micrograms b.i.d.) compared to a combination of slow-release theophylline and ketotifen p.o. (TK; T 300 mg+K 1 mg b.i.d.) for the treatment of nocturnal asthma. Ninety six patients with nocturnal asthma, (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 60-90% of predicted value, reversibility > or = 15%, at least two nocturnal awakenings per week) were eligible for a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy cross-over study (14-day run-in, two successive 28-day treatment periods). Efficacy was assessed as success/failure, success being defined as the complete disappearance of nocturnal symptoms/awakening during the last week of each treatment period. There was a statistically significant difference between SML and TK for this criterion: 46% and 39% success with SML during periods I (first 28-day period) and II (following the cross-over), compared to only 15% and 26% with TK, respectively (p < 0.01). SML was also significantly better for the other criteria (lung function, rescue salbutamol intake during day and night). Side-effects were five times less frequent in SML-treated patients (p < 0.004). Efficacy and tolerance of SML were obviously far better than those of TK in patients with nocturnal asthma.
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46
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Muir JF, Georges D. [Usefulness of salmeterol in nocturnal asthma: a comparative study with theophylline-ketotifen association. A French multicenter group]. Rev Mal Respir 1992; 9 Suppl 1:R23-6. [PMID: 1350366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-six patients with nocturnal asthma (FEV1 = 60-90% pred, reversibility greater than or equal to 15%, at least 2 awakenings in the week preceding the trial) were included in a double-blind, randomized, crossover, multicenter study which compared the efficacy and side effects of inhaled salmeterol (50 micrograms morning and evening) to the association theophylline-ketotifen (300 mg and 1 mg morning and evening, respectively). The trial included a run-in period of 14 days and 2 periods of successive treatment of 28 days each. The efficacy was expressed in terms of therapeutic success, defined by the total disappearance of nocturnal symptoms during the treatment week. A statistically significant difference (p less than 0.01) was found between salmeterol and the association for this criteria: during the first period, 46% of subjects treated by salmeterol did not present nocturnal awakenings during the last treatment week by comparison with 15% of subjects taking the association; during the second period, corresponding figures were 39% for salmeterol by comparison with 26% for the association. Differences were also significant, favoring salmeterol, for other criteria (lung function tests, extra-need for salbutamol). Side effects were 5 times more frequent for the association (p less than 0.004). Salmeterol is clearly superior to the association theophylline-ketotifen in the treatment of nocturnal asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Muir
- Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Rouen Hôpital de Bois-Guillaume
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47
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Bingen E, Lambert-Zechovsky N, Doit C, Duvignaud P, Georges D, Mariani-Kurkdjian P. Killing kinetics of cefuroxime axetil against Haemophilus influenzae in an in-vitro model simulating serum concentration profiles after oral administration. J Antimicrob Chemother 1991; 28:533-6. [PMID: 1761448 DOI: 10.1093/jac/28.4.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used a dynamic in-vitro model to determine the killing kinetics of two formulations of cefuroxime axetil against 18 clinical strains of Haemophilus influenzae. The concentration of cefuroxime axetil was adjusted dynamically to simulate the mean serum profile in healthy volunteers following the administration of a single 250 mg dose in oral suspension or tablet form. Bacterial numbers were reduced by 3 log10 cfu/mL during the eight-hour experimental period with both dosage form simulations. Our results suggest that cefuroxime axetil, 250 mg in oral suspension or tablet form, may protect against the dissemination of H. influenzae during episodes of bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bingen
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
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48
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Lacronique J, Renon D, Georges D, Henry-Amar M, Marsac J. High-dose beclomethasone: oral steroid-sparing effect in severe asthmatic patients. Eur Respir J 1991; 4:807-12. [PMID: 1955002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and twenty four patients with severe asthma requiring maintenance treatment with oral corticosteroids were included in a multicentre, double-blind, randomized study comparing the effects of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) (250 micrograms.puff-1), beginning with 1,000 micrograms daily, vs placebo (P). Pulmonary function was assessed and dosage of prednisone and BDP (or P) were adjusted every 15 days according to a clinical score. Our results showed, after 3 months: 1) A greater drop-out rate in the P group than in the BDP group (36 vs 6%, respectively, p less than 0.01); 2) A total weaning from prednisone in 76% of patients in the BDP group (mean BDP dosage = 1,270 +/- 340 micrograms.day-1, mean +/- SD), vs 34% in the P group (p less than 0.001). The mean daily dosage of prednisone was reduced from 17 +/- 7.5 mg to 3.1 +/- 7.4 mg in the BDP group vs 15.6 +/- 7.7 mg to 9.1 +/- 9.4 mg in the P group (p less than 0.001) without any relationship between the steroid-sparing effect and the initial dosage of prednisone; 3) Mean change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was +7 +/- 21% from the initial value in the BDP group vs -6 +/- 20% in the P group; p less than 0.01. Thus, in patients with severe asthma requiring oral corticosteroids, high-dose BDP has an important oral steroid-sparing effect not related to the initial dosage of oral steroids and allows a better control of airway obstruction than oral corticosteroids alone.
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Lacronique J, Renon D, Georges D, Henry-Amar M, Marsac J. High-dose beclomethasone: oral steroid-sparing effect in severe asthmatic patients. Eur Respir J 1991. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.93.04070807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and twenty four patients with severe asthma requiring maintenance treatment with oral corticosteroids were included in a multicentre, double-blind, randomized study comparing the effects of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) (250 micrograms.puff-1), beginning with 1,000 micrograms daily, vs placebo (P). Pulmonary function was assessed and dosage of prednisone and BDP (or P) were adjusted every 15 days according to a clinical score. Our results showed, after 3 months: 1) A greater drop-out rate in the P group than in the BDP group (36 vs 6%, respectively, p less than 0.01); 2) A total weaning from prednisone in 76% of patients in the BDP group (mean BDP dosage = 1,270 +/- 340 micrograms.day-1, mean +/- SD), vs 34% in the P group (p less than 0.001). The mean daily dosage of prednisone was reduced from 17 +/- 7.5 mg to 3.1 +/- 7.4 mg in the BDP group vs 15.6 +/- 7.7 mg to 9.1 +/- 9.4 mg in the P group (p less than 0.001) without any relationship between the steroid-sparing effect and the initial dosage of prednisone; 3) Mean change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was +7 +/- 21% from the initial value in the BDP group vs -6 +/- 20% in the P group; p less than 0.01. Thus, in patients with severe asthma requiring oral corticosteroids, high-dose BDP has an important oral steroid-sparing effect not related to the initial dosage of oral steroids and allows a better control of airway obstruction than oral corticosteroids alone.
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50
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Georges D, Tashima L, Yamamoto S, Bryant-Greenwood GD. Relaxin-like peptide in ascidians. I. Identification of the peptide and its mRNA in ovary of Herdmania momus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1990; 79:423-8. [PMID: 2272463 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(90)90072-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ovaries of the ascidian Herdmania momus were extracted for relaxin. Relaxin immunoactivity was eluted from Sephadex G-50 in the position of authentic porcine ovarian relaxin and these fractions were parallel to porcine relaxin in an homologous porcine relaxin radioimmunoassay. Poly(A)+ RNA from ascidian ovaries hybridized to a 32P-labeled porcine relaxin B-chain 48 mer oligonucleotide probe. There was no hybridization with 32P-labeled probes of equal length but was rather directed to the B-chain of human relaxin or to two different regions of the C-peptide of porcine relaxin. We conclude that the ascidian ovary produces a relaxin-like molecule, possibly with greater homology in the B-chain to mammalian relaxins than in the C-peptide region.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Georges
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire Animale, Université J. Fourier, Grenoble I, France
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