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Sheldon M, Grimwood R, Nahas SA. Letter to the Editor: Biobanks and International Initiatives Are Playing a Critical Role in Redressing Historic Inadequacies in Biosample and Data Access from Underrepresented Minority Populations. Biopreserv Biobank 2022; 20:465-466. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Goswami C, Sheldon M, Bixby C, Keddache M, Bogdanowicz A, Wang Y, Schultz J, McDevitt J, LaPorta J, Kwon E, Buyske S, Garbolino D, Biloholowski G, Pastuszak A, Storella M, Bhalla A, Charlier-Rodriguez F, Hager R, Grimwood R, Nahas SA. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants using viral sequencing for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention genomic surveillance program. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:404. [PMID: 35468749 PMCID: PMC9035976 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention contracted with laboratories to sequence the SARS-CoV-2 genome from positive samples across the United States to enable public health officials to investigate the impact of variants on disease severity as well as the effectiveness of vaccines and treatment. Herein we present the initial results correlating RT-PCR quality control metrics with sample collection and sequencing methods from full SARS-CoV-2 viral genomic sequencing of 24,441 positive patient samples between April and June 2021. METHODS RT-PCR confirmed (N Gene Ct value < 30) positive patient samples, with nucleic acid extracted from saliva, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were selected for viral whole genome SARS-CoV-2 sequencing. Sequencing was performed using Illumina COVIDSeq™ protocol on either the NextSeq550 or NovaSeq6000 systems. Informatic variant calling, and lineage analysis were performed using DRAGEN COVID Lineage applications on Illumina's Basespace cloud analytical system. All sequence data and variant calls were uploaded to NCBI and GISAID. RESULTS An association was observed between higher sequencing coverage, quality, and samples with a lower Ct value, with < 27 being optimal, across both sequencing platforms and sample collection methods. Both nasopharyngeal swabs and saliva samples were found to be optimal samples of choice for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance sequencing studies, both in terms of strain identification and sequencing depth of coverage, with NovaSeq 6000 providing higher coverage than the NextSeq 550. The most frequent variants identified were the B.1.617.2 Delta (India) and P.1 Gamma (Brazil) variants in the samples sequenced between April 2021 and June 2021. At the time of submission, the most common variant > 99% of positives sequenced was Omicron. CONCLUSION These initial analyses highlight the importance of sequencing platform, sample collection methods, and RT-PCR Ct values in guiding surveillance efforts. These surveillance studies evaluating genetic changes of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified as critical by the CDC that can affect many aspects of public health including transmission, disease severity, diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirayu Goswami
- Infinity-Biologix LLC, 30 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Michael Sheldon
- Infinity-Biologix LLC, 30 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Christian Bixby
- Infinity-Biologix LLC, 30 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | | | - Yihe Wang
- Infinity-Biologix LLC, 30 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jonathan Schultz
- Infinity-Biologix LLC, 30 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jessica McDevitt
- Infinity-Biologix LLC, 30 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - James LaPorta
- Infinity-Biologix LLC, 30 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Elaine Kwon
- Infinity-Biologix LLC, 30 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Steven Buyske
- Rutgers University, 559 Hill Center, 110 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Dana Garbolino
- Infinity-Biologix LLC, 30 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | - Alex Pastuszak
- Vault Health, 115 Broadway Suite 1800, 18th Floor, Dobbs Ferry, NY, 10522, USA
| | - Mary Storella
- Infinity-Biologix LLC, 30 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Amit Bhalla
- Infinity-Biologix LLC, 30 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | - Russ Hager
- Infinity-Biologix LLC, 30 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Robin Grimwood
- Infinity-Biologix LLC, 30 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Shareef A Nahas
- Infinity-Biologix LLC, 30 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Chen Y, Sakurai K, Maeda S, Masui T, Okano H, Dewender J, Seltmann S, Kurtz A, Masuya H, Nakamura Y, Sheldon M, Schneider J, Stacey GN, Panina Y, Fujibuchi W. Integrated Collection of Stem Cell Bank Data, a Data Portal for Standardized Stem Cell Information. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:997-1005. [PMID: 33740463 PMCID: PMC8072026 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed an extremely rapid increase in the number of newly established stem cell lines. However, due to the lack of a standardized format, data exchange among stem cell line resources has been challenging, and no system can search all stem cell lines across resources worldwide. To solve this problem, we have developed the Integrated Collection of Stem Cell Bank data (ICSCB) (http://icscb.stemcellinformatics.org/), the largest database search portal for stem cell line information, based on the standardized data items and terms of the MIACARM framework. Currently, ICSCB can retrieve >16,000 cell lines from four major data resources in Europe, Japan, and the United States. ICSCB is automatically updated to provide the latest cell line information, and its integrative search helps users collect cell line information for over 1,000 diseases, including many rare diseases worldwide, which has been a formidable task, thereby distinguishing itself from other database search portals. Searches >16,000 stem cell lines in Europe, Japan, and US major databases Data formats standardized by minimum items in MIACARM guidelines Searches specific stem cell lines according to disease, donor, tissue, etc. User-friendly website accesses >6,000 diseased stem cell lines from 36 countries
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Sho-goin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kunie Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Sho-goin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Sumihiro Maeda
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tohru Masui
- National Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Johannes Dewender
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Data and Bioethics, Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Strasse 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Seltmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Data and Bioethics, Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Strasse 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Data and Bioethics, Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Strasse 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany; BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Masuya
- Integrated Bioresource Information Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Michael Sheldon
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Juliane Schneider
- Harvard Catalyst
- The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, 2 High Street, Barley, Hertfordshire SG88HZ, UK; National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Innovation Academy for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yulia Panina
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Sho-goin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujibuchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Sho-goin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Radbel J, Jagpal S, Roy J, Brooks A, Tischfield J, Sheldon M, Bixby C, Witt D, Gennaro ML, Horton DB, Barrett ES, Carson JL, Panettieri RA, Blaser MJ. Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Is Comparable in Clinical Samples Preserved in Saline or Viral Transport Medium. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:871-875. [PMID: 32405270 PMCID: PMC7219422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.04.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic sweeps across the world, the availability of viral transport medium (VTM) has become severely limited, contributing to delays in diagnosis and rationing of diagnostic testing. Given that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA has demonstrated stability, we posited that phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) may be a viable transport medium, as an alternative to VTM, for clinical real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) testing. The intra-individual reliability and interindividual reliability of SARS-CoV-2 qPCR were assessed in clinical endotracheal secretion samples transported in VTM or PBS to evaluate the stability of the qPCR signal for three viral targets (N gene, ORF1ab, and S gene) when samples were stored in these media at room temperature for up to 18 hours. We report that the use of PBS as a transport medium allows high intra-individual and interindividual reliability, maintains viral stability, and compares with VTM in the detection of the three SARS-CoV-2 genes through 18 hours of storage. This study establishes PBS as a clinically useful medium that can be readily deployed for transporting and short-term preservation of specimens containing SARS-CoV-2. Use of PBS as a transport medium has the potential to increase testing capacity for SARS-CoV-2, aiding more widespread screening and early diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Radbel
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Sugeet Jagpal
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jason Roy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Andrew Brooks
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey; Rutgers University Cell and DNA Repository Infinite Biologics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey and Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jay Tischfield
- Rutgers University Cell and DNA Repository Infinite Biologics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey and Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Michael Sheldon
- Rutgers University Cell and DNA Repository Infinite Biologics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey and Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Christian Bixby
- Rutgers University Cell and DNA Repository Infinite Biologics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey and Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Dana Witt
- Rutgers University Cell and DNA Repository Infinite Biologics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey and Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Maria L Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Daniel B Horton
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Rutgers Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jeffrey L Carson
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.
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5
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Kim JH, Alderton A, Crook JM, Benvenisty N, Brandsten C, Firpo M, Harrison PW, Kawamata S, Kawase E, Kurtz A, Loring JF, Ludwig T, Man J, Mountford JC, Turner ML, Oh S, da Veiga Pereira L, Pranke P, Sheldon M, Steeg R, Sullivan S, Yaffe M, Zhou Q, Stacey GN. A Report from a Workshop of the International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, Held in Collaboration of Global Alliance for iPSC Therapies and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, 2017. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1130-1135. [PMID: 31021472 PMCID: PMC7187460 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This report summarizes the recent activity of the International Stem Cell Banking Initiative held at Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA, on June 18, 2017. In this meeting, we aimed to find consensus on ongoing issues of quality control (QC), safety, and efficacy of human pluripotent stem cell banks and their derivative cell therapy products for the global harmonization. In particular, assays for the QC testing such as pluripotency assays test and general QC testing criteria were intensively discussed. Moreover, the recent activities of global stem cell banking centers and the regulatory bodies were briefly summarized to provide an overview on global developments and issues. stem cells2019;37:1130–1135
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Intractable Diseases, Korea National Stem Cell Bank, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Alex Alderton
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy M Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Meri Firpo
- Cell Line Development Memphis Meats, Berkeley, California, USA.,University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter W Harrison
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shin Kawamata
- Foundation for Biological Research and Innovation (FBRI), Kobe, Japan
| | - Eihachiro Kawase
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tenneille Ludwig
- WiCell Research Institute, WiCell Stem Cell Bank, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer Man
- UK Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, United Kingdom.,Adaptimmune Ltd., Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne C Mountford
- Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc L Turner
- Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Cell & Gene Therapy Catapult, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,The Jack Copland Centre, Global Alliance for iPSC Therapies (GAiT), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Oh
- National Laboratory for Embryonic Stem Cells (LaNCE), Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lygia da Veiga Pereira
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Stem Cell Research Institute, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pranke
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael Sheldon
- Roslin Innovation Centre, Censo Biotechnologies Ltd, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Steeg
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephen Sullivan
- The Jack Copland Centre, Global Alliance for iPSC Therapies (GAiT), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Yaffe
- New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, Royston, United Kingdom
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Blackford SJ, Ng SS, Segal JM, King AJ, Austin AL, Kent D, Moore J, Sheldon M, Ilic D, Dhawan A, Mitry RR, Rashid ST. Validation of Current Good Manufacturing Practice Compliant Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes for Cell-Based Therapy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:124-137. [PMID: 30456803 PMCID: PMC6344902 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the production of hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-Heps) afford tremendous possibilities for treatment of patients with liver disease. Validated current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) lines are an essential prerequisite for such applications but have only recently been established. Whether such cGMP lines are capable of hepatic differentiation is not known. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the proficiency of three recently derived cGMP lines (two hiPSC and one hESC) to differentiate into hepatocytes and their suitability for therapy. hPSC-Heps generated using a chemically defined four-step hepatic differentiation protocol uniformly demonstrated highly reproducible phenotypes and functionality. Seeding into a 3D poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate fabricated inverted colloid crystal scaffold converted these immature progenitors into more advanced hepatic tissue structures. Hepatic constructs could also be successfully encapsulated into the immune-privileged material alginate and remained viable as well as functional upon transplantation into immune competent mice. This is the first report we are aware of demonstrating cGMP-compliant hPSCs can generate cells with advanced hepatic function potentially suitable for future therapeutic applications. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:124&14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J.I. Blackford
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Soon Seng Ng
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Joe M. Segal
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Aileen J.F. King
- Diabetes Research GroupFaculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Amazon L. Austin
- Diabetes Research GroupFaculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Deniz Kent
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Moore
- RUCDR Infinite BiologicsRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Michael Sheldon
- RUCDR Infinite BiologicsRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Dusko Ilic
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Women and Children's HealthFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Institute for Liver StudiesKing's College Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ragai R. Mitry
- Institute for Liver StudiesKing's College Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - S. Tamir Rashid
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Liver StudiesKing's College Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Kurtz A, Seltmann S, Bairoch A, Bittner MS, Bruce K, Capes-Davis A, Clarke L, Crook JM, Daheron L, Dewender J, Faulconbridge A, Fujibuchi W, Gutteridge A, Hei DJ, Kim YO, Kim JH, Kokocinski AK, Lekschas F, Lomax GP, Loring JF, Ludwig T, Mah N, Matsui T, Müller R, Parkinson H, Sheldon M, Smith K, Stachelscheid H, Stacey G, Streeter I, Veiga A, Xu RH. A Standard Nomenclature for Referencing and Authentication of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1-6. [PMID: 29320760 PMCID: PMC5768986 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unambiguous cell line authentication is essential to avoid loss of association between data and cells. The risk for loss of references increases with the rapidity that new human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines are generated, exchanged, and implemented. Ideally, a single name should be used as a generally applied reference for each cell line to access and unify cell-related information across publications, cell banks, cell registries, and databases and to ensure scientific reproducibility. We discuss the needs and requirements for such a unique identifier and implement a standard nomenclature for hPSCs, which can be automatically generated and registered by the human pluripotent stem cell registry (hPSCreg). To avoid ambiguities in PSC-line referencing, we strongly urge publishers to demand registration and use of the standard name when publishing research based on hPSC lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kurtz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Seltmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Amos Bairoch
- CALIPHO group, University of Geneva and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Sophie Bittner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Kevin Bruce
- Roslin Cells Limited and EBiSC, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Amanda Capes-Davis
- CellBank Australia, Children's Medical Research Institute (CMRI), Wentworthville, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Jeremy M Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, NSW 2519, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | | | - Johannes Dewender
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Adam Faulconbridge
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Wataru Fujibuchi
- Center for iPS Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | | | - Derek J Hei
- Waisman Biomanufacturing, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yong-Ou Kim
- Division of Intractable Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health and Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Intractable Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health and Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Fritz Lekschas
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Geoffrey P Lomax
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lake Merritt Plaza, 1999 Harrison Street STE 1650, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road SP30-3021, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tenneille Ludwig
- WiCell Research Institute (WiCell Stem Cell Bank), Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Nancy Mah
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Keio University School of Medicine, the Center for Medical Genetics, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Robert Müller
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Michael Sheldon
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Life Sciences Building, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8009, USA
| | - Kelly Smith
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, International Stem Cell Registry, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Stem Cell Core Unit, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Glyn Stacey
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control a Centre of the MHRA, South Mimms, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK; International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, Barley, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Ian Streeter
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Anna Veiga
- Barcelona Stem Cell Bank, Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
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8
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Sheldon M. 369 Cellular mechanisms linking metabolic stress with endometrial disease in cattle. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Sheldon
- Swansea University,Swansea, United Kingdom
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9
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Sullivan S, Stacey GN, Akazawa C, Aoyama N, Baptista R, Bedford P, Bennaceur Griscelli A, Chandra A, Elwood N, Girard M, Kawamata S, Hanatani T, Latsis T, Lin S, Ludwig TE, Malygina T, Mack A, Mountford JC, Noggle S, Pereira LV, Price J, Sheldon M, Srivastava A, Stachelscheid H, Velayudhan SR, Ward NJ, Turner ML, Barry J, Song J. Quality control guidelines for clinical-grade human induced pluripotent stem cell lines. Regen Med 2018; 13:859-866. [PMID: 30205750 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of clinical-grade human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines as a starting material for the generation of cellular therapeutics requires demonstration of comparability of lines derived from different individuals and in different facilities. This requires agreement on the critical quality attributes of such lines and the assays that should be used. Working from established recommendations and guidance from the International Stem Cell Banking Initiative for human embryonic stem cell banking, and concentrating on those issues more relevant to iPSCs, a series of consensus workshops has made initial recommendations on the minimum dataset required to consider an iPSC line of clinical grade, which are outlined in this report. Continued evolution of this field will likely lead to revision of these guidelines on a regular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Sullivan
- Global Alliance for iPSC Therapies (GAiT), The Jack Copland Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, 2 High St, Barley, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Chihiro Akazawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Aoyama
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ricardo Baptista
- Cell & Gene Therapy Catapult, 12th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Patrick Bedford
- Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine (CCRM), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Amit Chandra
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Holywell Park, Loughborough, UK
| | - Ngaire Elwood
- Cord Blood Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mathilde Girard
- Yposkesi, 2 Rue Henri Auguste Desbruères, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Shin Kawamata
- Foundation Biomedical Research and Innovation (FBRI), Research and Development Center for Cell Therapy, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Hanatani
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Theodoros Latsis
- APHP-Hopital Paul Brousse Université Paris Sud/ESteam Paris Inserm UMR 935, Villejuif, France
| | - Stephen Lin
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), Lake Merritt Plaza, 1999 Harrison Street STE 1650, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Tenneille E Ludwig
- WiCell Research Institute (WiCell Stem Cell Bank), Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Tamara Malygina
- Optec LLC, Inzhenernaya Str., 28 Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Amanda Mack
- Fujifilm Cellular Dynamics International, 525 Science Dr., Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Joanne C Mountford
- Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Scott Noggle
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Laboratories, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lygia V Pereira
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jack Price
- UK Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Michael Sheldon
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8009, USA
| | - Alok Srivastava
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore- 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.,Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore- 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Charité - Universita¨tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Shaji R Velayudhan
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore- 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.,Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore- 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natalie J Ward
- Cell & Gene Therapy Catapult, 12th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Marc L Turner
- Global Alliance for iPSC Therapies (GAiT), The Jack Copland Centre, Edinburgh, UK.,Cell & Gene Therapy Catapult, 12th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jacqueline Barry
- Global Alliance for iPSC Therapies (GAiT), The Jack Copland Centre, Edinburgh, UK.,Cell & Gene Therapy Catapult, 12th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jihwan Song
- Global Alliance for iPSC Therapies (GAiT), The Jack Copland Centre, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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10
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Farook MY, Gonzalez D, Sheldon M, Cronin J. PO-257 Loss of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier drives ‘glutamine addiction’, a hallmark of aggressive ovarian cancers. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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11
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Moore JC, Sheldon M, Tischfield JA. Biobanking of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Psychiatric Research. Psychiatr Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190221973.003.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that human primary cells such as nucleated blood cells or cultured skin fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) has ushered in a new era for research on the genetic etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Such hiPSC can be differentiated into several types of neurons, which may provide a primitive model for studying cellular variation in neuronal function due to underlying genetic variants causing the disorder. It is critical that source cells for possible reprogramming and their derived hiPSC be banked in an accredited facility capable of proper quality assurance that includes a genetic profile for future authentication of secondary biomaterials (e.g., differentiated cellular derivatives). Nucleated blood cells are more easily obtained compared to skin fibroblasts and can be cryopreserved for many years before they are reprogrammed to hiPSC. However, to enable all possible future uses of biosamples, some of which may not yet even be contemplated, researchers and biobanks must obtain clear informed consent from subjects for broad use of their biosamples in research.
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12
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Kim JH, Kurtz A, Yuan BZ, Zeng F, Lomax G, Loring JF, Crook J, Ju JH, Clarke L, Inamdar MS, Pera M, Firpo MT, Sheldon M, Rahman N, O'Shea O, Pranke P, Zhou Q, Isasi R, Rungsiwiwut R, Kawamata S, Oh S, Ludwig T, Masui T, Novak TJ, Takahashi T, Fujibuchi W, Koo SK, Stacey GN. Report of the International Stem Cell Banking Initiative Workshop Activity: Current Hurdles and Progress in Seed-Stock Banking of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1956-1962. [PMID: 29067781 PMCID: PMC6430055 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article summarizes the recent activity of the International Stem Cell Banking Initiative (ISCBI) held at the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) in California (June 26, 2016) and the Korean National Institutes for Health in Korea (October 19-20, 2016). Through the workshops, ISCBI is endeavoring to support a new paradigm for human medicine using pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) for cell therapies. Priority considerations for ISCBI include ensuring the safety and efficacy of a final cell therapy product and quality assured source materials, such as stem cells and primary donor cells. To these ends, ISCBI aims to promote global harmonization on quality and safety control of stem cells for research and the development of starting materials for cell therapies, with regular workshops involving hPSC banking centers, biologists, and regulatory bodies. Here, we provide a brief overview of two such recent activities, with summaries of key issues raised. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1956-1962.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Kim
- Korea Stem Cell Bank, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health (KNIH), Osong, South Korea
| | | | - Bao-Zhu Yuan
- Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fanyi Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Geoff Lomax
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Molecular Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Fairy Meadow, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maneesha S Inamdar
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Meri T Firpo
- Stem Cell Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Sheldon
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | | | - Orla O'Shea
- UK Stem Cell Bank, Division of Advanced Therapies, NIBSC, South Mimms, UK
| | - Patricia Pranke
- Stem Cell Research Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Qi Zhou
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rosario Isasi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ruttachuk Rungsiwiwut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shin Kawamata
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Steve Oh
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Wataru Fujibuchi
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Soo Kyung Koo
- Korea Stem Cell Bank, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health (KNIH), Osong, South Korea
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- UK Stem Cell Bank, Division of Advanced Therapies, NIBSC, South Mimms, UK
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13
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Rudge G, Hartwig S, Sheldon M, Kluttig A, Sutcliffe R, Greiser KH. Developing a walkability metric to explore the association between built environment and walking behaviour in seven German cities. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Rudge
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Applied Health Research, Birmingham
| | - S Hartwig
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Halle (Saale)
| | - M Sheldon
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Applied Health Research, Birmingham
| | - A Kluttig
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Halle (Saale)
| | - R Sutcliffe
- Universitätsklinikum Essen, Zentrum für Urbane Epidemiologie, Essen
| | - KH Greiser
- Universität Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Centre Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg
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14
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Hartwig S, Rudge G, Sheldon M, Greiser KH, Haerting J, Thürkow D, Kluttig A. P137 Methods of Assessment of Walkability and its Association with Physical Activity and Anthropometric Markers in a Population-based Study in the City of Halle (Saale). Br J Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208064.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Sakurai K, Kurtz A, Stacey G, Sheldon M, Fujibuchi W. First Proposal of Minimum Information About a Cellular Assay for Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1345-1361. [PMID: 27405781 PMCID: PMC5031183 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
: Advances in stem cell research have triggered scores of studies in regenerative medicine in a large number of institutions and companies around the world. However, reproducibility and data exchange among laboratories or cell banks are constrained by the lack of a standardized format for experiments. To enhance information flow in stem cell and derivative cell research, here we propose a minimum information standard to describe cellular assay data to facilitate practical regenerative medicine. Based on the existing Minimum Information About a Cellular Assay, we developed Minimum Information About a Cellular Assay for Regenerative Medicine (MIACARM), which allows for the description of advanced cellular experiments with defined taxonomy of human cell types. By using controlled terms, such as ontologies, MIACARM will provide a platform for cellular assay data exchange among cell banks or registries that have been established at more than 20 sites in the world. SIGNIFICANCE Currently, there are more than 20 human cell information storage sites around the world. However, reproducibility and data exchange among different laboratories or cell information providers are usually inadequate or nonexistent because of the lack of a standardized format for experiments. This study, which is the fruit of collaborative work by scientists at stem cell banks and cellular information registries worldwide, including those in the U.S., the U.K., Europe, and Japan, proposes new minimum information guidelines, Minimum Information About a Cellular Assay for Regenerative Medicine (MIACARM), for cellular assay data deposition. MIACARM is intended to promote data exchange and facilitation of practical regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunie Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Glyn Stacey
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, an Operating Centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sheldon
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wataru Fujibuchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Beckwith TC, Richardson GD, Sheldon M, Clarke GH. A Correlation between Blood Flow Volume and Ultrasonic Doppler Wave Forms in the Study of Valve Efficiency. Phlebology 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/026835559300800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To demonstrate a significant correlation between the Doppler waveform and blood flow volume in the assessment of valve efficiency. In particular the objective was to ratify use of the ‘area index’ of the wave form. Design: Pearson's correlation and zero line assessment were used. Using a phantom, multiple tests were performed so that a wide spectrum of flow volumes could be compared with corresponding Doppler waves. Setting: Private diagnostic imaging clinic with vascular surgical association. Main outcome measures: The hypothesis was that there should be a significant correlation between the Doppler wave and the blood flow volume and, in particular, the Doppler area. Results: The Doppler wave index EId demonstrated the highest correlation coefficient ( r = 0.97, p<0.01) when compared with the volume index EIV. Conclusion: While there is a strong correlation between EId and flow volume, additional study is needed to determine its place in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Beckwith
- Departments of Ultrasound, Wagga Medical Imaging, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G. D. Richardson
- Departments of Ultrasound, Wagga Medical Imaging, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M. Sheldon
- Departments of Ultrasound, Wagga Medical Imaging, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G. H. Clarke
- Departments of Ultrasound, Wagga Medical Imaging, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Abstract
While ultrasound examination of leg veins has been largely accepted, assessment of the pelvic and lower abdominal veins has been largely ignored. The problem here is that the pelvic region contains important veins, which require assessment for deep vein thrombosis and pelvic and vulval varices, but these are superimposed by abdominal viscera. The need to assess the veins of the lower abdomen and pelvic cavity prompted us to develop a reproduceable technique of ‘windowing’ into the abdomen and pelvis to view certain veins. To view a certain vein, a nominated angle of approach from a particular anatomical point with the patient in a specific position will under most circumstances provide a sonic ‘window’ to that vein. There are eight of these such windows that can, in competent hands, be used to assess a variety of pelvic and lower abdominal veins.
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18
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Soares FAC, Sheldon M, Rao M, Mummery C, Vallier L. International coordination of large-scale human induced pluripotent stem cell initiatives: Wellcome Trust and ISSCR workshops white paper. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 3:931-9. [PMID: 25496616 PMCID: PMC4263998 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition of the potential value of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) for understanding disease and identifying drugs targets. This has been reflected in the establishment of multiple large-scale hiPSC initiatives worldwide. Representatives of these met recently at a workshop supported by the Welcome Trust in the UK and in a focus session at the 2014 ISSCR annual meeting in Vancouver. The purpose was to discuss strategies for making thousands of hiPSC lines widely available with as few restrictions as possible while retaining financial viability and donor privacy. The outcome of these discussions is described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa A C Soares
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael Sheldon
- Department of Genetics and The Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8009, USA
| | - Mahendra Rao
- New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, NY 10023, USA
| | - Christine Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
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19
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Das DK, Tapias V, D'Aiuto L, Chowdari KV, Francis L, Zhi Y, Ghosh BA, Surti U, Tischfield J, Sheldon M, Moore JC, Fish K, Nimgaonkar V. Genetic and morphological features of human iPSC-derived neurons with chromosome 15q11.2 (BP1-BP2) deletions. Mol Neuropsychiatry 2015; 1:116-123. [PMID: 26528485 DOI: 10.1159/000430916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variation on chromosome 15q11.2 (BP1-BP2) causes deletion of CYFIP1, NIPA1, NIPA2 and TUBGCP5; it also affects brain structure and elevates risk for several neurodevelopmental disorders that are associated with dendritic spine abnormalities. In rodents, altered cyfip1 expression changes dendritic spine morphology, motivating analyses of human neuronal cells derived from iPSCs (iPSC-neurons). METHODS iPSCs were generated from a mother and her offspring, both carrying the 15q11.2 (BP1-BP2) deletion, and a non-deletion control. Gene expression in the deletion region was estimated using quantitative real-time PCR assays. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and iPSC-neurons were characterized using immunocytochemistry. RESULTS CYFIP1, NIPA1, NIPA2 and TUBGCP5 gene expression was lower in iPSCs, NPCs and iPSC-neurons from the mother and her offspring in relation to control cells. CYFIP1 and PSD95 protein levels were lower in iPSC-neurons derived from the CNV bearing individuals using Western blot analysis. At 10 weeks post-differentiation, iPSC-neurons appeared to show dendritic spines and qualitative analysis suggested that dendritic morphology was altered in 15q11.2 deletion subjects compared with control cells. CONCLUSIONS The 15q11.2 (BP1-BP2) deletion is associated with reduced expression of four genes in iPSC-derived neuronal cells; it may also be associated altered iPSC-neuron dendritic morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Das
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry
| | - V Tapias
- University of Pittsburgh, Dept. of Neurology
| | - L D'Aiuto
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry
| | - K V Chowdari
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry
| | - L Francis
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry
| | - Y Zhi
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry ; Tsinghua University School of Medicine
| | | | - U Surti
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Dept. of Pathology ; University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Human Genetics
| | - J Tischfield
- Dept. of Genetics and The Human Genome Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
| | - M Sheldon
- Dept. of Genetics and The Human Genome Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
| | - J C Moore
- Dept. of Genetics and The Human Genome Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
| | - K Fish
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry
| | - V Nimgaonkar
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry ; University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Human Genetics
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20
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D’Aiuto L, Prasad KM, Upton CH, Viggiano L, Milosevic J, Raimondi G, McClain L, Chowdari K, Tischfield J, Sheldon M, Moore JC, Yolken RH, Kinchington PR, Nimgaonkar VL. Persistent infection by HSV-1 is associated with changes in functional architecture of iPSC-derived neurons and brain activation patterns underlying working memory performance. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:123-32. [PMID: 24622295 PMCID: PMC4266288 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1) commonly produces lytic mucosal lesions. It invariably initiates latent infection in sensory ganglia enabling persistent, lifelong infection. Acute HSV-1 encephalitis is rare and definitive evidence of latent infection in the brain is lacking. However, exposure untraceable to encephalitis has been repeatedly associated with impaired working memory and executive functions, particularly among schizophrenia patients. METHODS Patterns of HSV-1 infection and gene expression changes were examined in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons. Separately, differences in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses to working memory challenges using letter n-back tests were investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) among schizophrenia cases/controls. RESULTS HSV-1 induced lytic changes in iPSC-derived glutamatergic neurons and neuroprogenitor cells. In neurons, HSV-1 also entered a quiescent state following coincubation with antiviral drugs, with distinctive changes in gene expression related to functions such as glutamatergic signaling. In the fMRI studies, main effects of schizophrenia (P = .001) and HSV-1 exposure (1-back, P = 1.76 × 10(-4); 2-back, P = 1.39 × 10(-5)) on BOLD responses were observed. We also noted increased BOLD responses in the frontoparietal, thalamus, and midbrain regions among HSV-1 exposed schizophrenia cases and controls, compared with unexposed persons. CONCLUSIONS The lytic/quiescent cycles in iPSC-derived neurons indicate that persistent neuronal infection can occur, altering cellular function. The fMRI studies affirm the associations between nonencephalitic HSV-1 infection and functional brain changes linked with working memory impairment. The fMRI and iPSC studies together provide putative mechanisms for the cognitive impairments linked to HSV-1 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo D’Aiuto
- Department of Psychiatry, WPIC, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA;,These authors contributed equally to the article
| | - Konasale M. Prasad
- Department of Psychiatry, WPIC, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA;,These authors contributed equally to the article
| | - Catherine H. Upton
- Department of Psychiatry, WPIC, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Luigi Viggiano
- Department of Biology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Jadranka Milosevic
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Giorgio Raimondi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lora McClain
- Department of Psychiatry, WPIC, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Kodavali Chowdari
- Department of Psychiatry, WPIC, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Jay Tischfield
- Department of Genetics and The Human Genome Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Michael Sheldon
- Department of Genetics and The Human Genome Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Jennifer C. Moore
- Department of Genetics and The Human Genome Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Robert H. Yolken
- Stanley Division of Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Paul R. Kinchington
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA;,Department of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, WPIC, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA;,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, TDH 441, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, US; tel: 412-246-6353, fax: 412-246-6350, e-mail:
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21
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Dong S, Walker MF, Carriero NJ, DiCola M, Willsey AJ, Ye AY, Waqar Z, Gonzalez LE, Overton JD, Frahm S, Keaney JF, Teran NA, Dea J, Mandell JD, Hus Bal V, Sullivan CA, DiLullo NM, Khalil RO, Gockley J, Yuksel Z, Sertel SM, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Gupta AR, Mane SM, Sheldon M, Brooks AI, Roeder K, Devlin B, State MW, Wei L, Sanders SJ. De novo insertions and deletions of predominantly paternal origin are associated with autism spectrum disorder. Cell Rep 2014; 9:16-23. [PMID: 25284784 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies have demonstrated the contribution of de novo loss-of-function single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, challenges in the reliable detection of de novo insertions and deletions (indels) have limited inclusion of these variants in prior analyses. By applying a robust indel detection method to WES data from 787 ASD families (2,963 individuals), we demonstrate that de novo frameshift indels contribute to ASD risk (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.0-2.7; p = 0.03), are more common in female probands (p = 0.02), are enriched among genes encoding FMRP targets (p = 6 × 10(-9)), and arise predominantly on the paternal chromosome (p < 0.001). On the basis of mutation rates in probands versus unaffected siblings, we conclude that de novo frameshift indels contribute to risk in approximately 3% of individuals with ASD. Finally, by observing clustering of mutations in unrelated probands, we uncover two ASD-associated genes: KMT2E (MLL5), a chromatin regulator, and RIMS1, a regulator of synaptic vesicle release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Dong
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael F Walker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nicholas J Carriero
- Biomedical High Performance Computing Center, W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael DiCola
- Bionomics Research and Technology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - A Jeremy Willsey
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam Y Ye
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Zainulabedin Waqar
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Luis E Gonzalez
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - John D Overton
- Yale Center for Genomic Analysis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Stephanie Frahm
- Bionomics Research and Technology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - John F Keaney
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nicole A Teran
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jeanselle Dea
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Mandell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Vanessa Hus Bal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Catherine A Sullivan
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nicholas M DiLullo
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rehab O Khalil
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Research on Children with Special Needs, National Research Center, Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Jake Gockley
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zafer Yuksel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara 06010, Turkey
| | - Sinem M Sertel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - A Gulhan Ercan-Sencicek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale Neurogenetics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Abha R Gupta
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shrikant M Mane
- Yale Center for Genomic Analysis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael Sheldon
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Road, Room 136, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Andrew I Brooks
- Bionomics Research and Technology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kathryn Roeder
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Ray and Stephanie Lane Center for Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Matthew W State
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Liping Wei
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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22
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Law J, Shaw P, Earland K, Sheldon M, Lee M. A psychology based approach for longitudinal development in cognitive robotics. Front Neurorobot 2014; 8:1. [PMID: 24478693 PMCID: PMC3902213 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2014.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in robotics is the ability to learn, from novel experiences, new behavior that is useful for achieving new goals and skills. Autonomous systems must be able to learn solely through the environment, thus ruling out a priori task knowledge, tuning, extensive training, or other forms of pre-programming. Learning must also be cumulative and incremental, as complex skills are built on top of primitive skills. Additionally, it must be driven by intrinsic motivation because formative experience is gained through autonomous activity, even in the absence of extrinsic goals or tasks. This paper presents an approach to these issues through robotic implementations inspired by the learning behavior of human infants. We describe an approach to developmental learning and present results from a demonstration of longitudinal development on an iCub humanoid robot. The results cover the rapid emergence of staged behavior, the role of constraints in development, the effect of bootstrapping between stages, and the use of a schema memory of experiential fragments in learning new skills. The context is a longitudinal experiment in which the robot advanced from uncontrolled motor babbling to skilled hand/eye integrated reaching and basic manipulation of objects. This approach offers promise for further fast and effective sensory-motor learning techniques for robotic learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Law
- Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, UK
| | - P Shaw
- Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, UK
| | - K Earland
- Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, UK
| | - M Sheldon
- Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, UK
| | - M Lee
- Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, UK
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23
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Sheldon M, Cavanaugh JT, Croninger W, Osgood W, Robnett R, Seigle J, Simonsen L. Preparing rehabilitation healthcare providers in the 21st century: implementation of interprofessional education through an academic-clinical site partnership. Work 2012; 41:269-75. [PMID: 22398495 DOI: 10.3233/wor-2012-1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health profession education programs often struggle with barriers to implementing interprofesssional educational (IPE) initiatives, limiting early and consistent exposure of students to core IPE competencies. Few published reports are available to guide the implementation of IPE programs into practice. This article describes a successful and evolving partnership between an independent university and a tertiary care hospital. The IPE goals of this partnership were to expose students to roles of other disciplines in the complex hospital environment and integrate acute care exposure throughout the Doctor of Physical Therapy and Master of Science in Occupational Therapy curricula. RESULTS Faculty and students, patients and families, and occupational and physical therapy clinicians participated in a series of learning activities in an acute care setting involving interprofessional teams of students. Activities included observations of OT and PT clinicians providing standard patient care, practice conducting team patient interviews, and interactive treatment planning sessions conducted live via videoconferencing technology between a patient's hospital room and an academic classroom on the university campus. The activities generally were designed to improve student preparedness for working as part of an interprofessional team in an acute care setting. CONCLUSIONS Student and clinician feedback support the early development of student IPE competencies, including the appreciation and understanding of professional roles in the team approach to patient care and the development of effective communication skills. The partnership between the academic institution and tertiary care hospital is an effective vehicle to deliver and sustain IPE educational initiatives in the acute care setting. Current and planned IPE curriculum integration are discussed along with a preliminary analysis of IPE outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sheldon
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of New England, Portland, ME 04103, USA.
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24
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Li R, Paul A, Ko KWS, Sheldon M, Rich BE, Terashima T, Dieker C, Cormier S, Li L, Nour EA, Chan L, Oka K. Interleukin-7 induces recruitment of monocytes/macrophages to endothelium. Eur Heart J 2011; 33:3114-23. [PMID: 21804111 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a master regulator of T-cell development and homoeostasis. Increased IL-7 levels are associated with inflammatory diseases. The aims of this study were to determine whether IL-7 is a biomarker for inflammatory conditions or an active participant in atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Advanced atherosclerotic lesions in Apoe(-/-) mice were regressed by long-term cholesterol lowering through treatment with a helper-dependent adenovirus expressing apolipoprotein E (n= 6-10). Using this model, gene expression patterns in the aorta were analysed at an early phase of regression by microarray. After stringent statistical analysis, we found that IL-7 expression is significantly reduced in response to lowering of cholesterol (n= 6). To understand the importance of IL-7 down-regulation for atherosclerotic regression, we studied the effects and mechanisms of action of IL-7 on endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro as well as in vivo. Our major findings are: (i) IL-7 up-regulates cell adhesion molecules and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in ECs and promotes monocyte adhesion to ECs; (ii) this regulation is mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT-dependent and -independent activation of NF-κB; (iii) elevation of plasma IL-7 induces recruitment of monocytes/macrophages to endothelium without affecting plasma cholesterol (n= 5, 6); and (4) lack of IL-7 in bone marrow-derived cells reduces migration of monocytes/macrophages to the lesions (n= 5, 6). CONCLUSION These results suggest that IL-7 inflames endothelium via PI3K/AKT-dependent and -independent activation of NF-κB and recruits monocytes/macrophages to the endothelium, thus playing an active role in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongying Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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25
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Lu XY, Lu Y, Zhao YJ, Jaeweon K, Kang J, Xiao-Nan L, Ge G, Meyer R, Perlaky L, Hicks J, Chintagumpala M, Cai WW, Ladanyi M, Gorlick R, Lau CC, Pati D, Sheldon M, Rao PH. Cell cycle regulator gene CDC5L, a potential target for 6p12-p21 amplicon in osteosarcoma. Mol Cancer Res 2008; 6:937-46. [PMID: 18567798 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-07-2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor of bone arising from primitive bone-forming mesenchymal cells and accounts for approximately 60% of malignant bone tumors. Our comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies have identified frequent amplification at 6p12-p21, 12q13-q15, and 17p11.2 in osteosarcoma. Of these amplified regions, 6p12-p21 is particularly interesting because of its association with progression and poor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma. In an attempt to identify aberrantly expressed gene(s) mapping to the 6p12-p21 amplicon, a region-specific array was generated using 108 overlapping BAC and P1 clones covering a 28.8-Mb region at 0.26-Mb intervals. Based on array CGH analysis, the 6p amplicon was refined to 7.9 Mb between the clones RP11-91E11 and RP1-244F2 and 10 amplified clones, with possible target genes, were identified. To study the expression pattern of the target genes from the hotspot amplicon and known candidate genes from 6p12-21, we did quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis of MAPK14, MAPK13, CDKN1A, PIM1, MDGA1, BTB9, DNAH8, CCND3, PTK7, CDC5L, and RUNX2 on osteosarcoma patient samples and seven cell lines. The combined array CGH and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis identified amplification and overexpression of CDC5L, CCND3, and RUNX2. We screened these three genes for protein expression by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry and detected overexpression of CDC5L. Furthermore, we used an in vivo assay to show that CDC5L possesses potential oncogenic activity. These results indicate that CDC5L, a cell cycle regulator important for the G2-M transition, is the most likely candidate oncogene for the 6p12-p21 amplicon found in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yan Lu
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin Street, MC 3-3320, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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26
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Ljungberg MC, Bhattacharjee MB, Lu Y, Armstrong DL, Yoshor D, Swann JW, Sheldon M, D'Arcangelo G. Activation of mammalian target of rapamycin in cytomegalic neurons of human cortical dysplasia. Ann Neurol 2006; 60:420-9. [PMID: 16912980 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cortex of patients with cortical dysplasia contains several abnormal cell types. Among the dysplastic cells, cytomegalic neurons are known to be electrically hyperactive and may contribute to epileptic activity. In this study, we sought to identify molecular markers of cytomegalic neurons in focal or hemispheric cortical dysplasia and to determine whether the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is abnormally high in these cells. METHODS Microarray analysis of gene expression in large dysplastic cells microdissected from cortical dysplasia surgical specimens was used to identify markers of cytomegalic neurons. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis of cortical sections was used to validate the microarray results and to probe the activity of mTOR in cytomegalic neurons using phospho-specific antibodies directed against known mTOR targets. RESULTS We demonstrate that the neurofilament heavy chain is a reliable marker of cytomegalic neurons and that targets of the mTOR kinase, such as the ribosomal protein S6, eIF4G, and Akt, are hyperphosphorylated in these dysplastic neurons. INTERPRETATION We conclude that mTOR kinase hyperactivation is a molecular mechanism underlying the development of cytomegalic neurons. This finding may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for childhood epilepsy associated with cortical dysplasia.
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27
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Abstract
Reelin is a secreted glycoprotein that regulates neuronal positioning in cortical brain structures through the VLDLR and ApoER2 receptors and the adaptor protein Dab1. In addition to cellular disorganization, dendrite abnormalities are present in the brain of reeler mice lacking Reelin. It is unclear whether these defects are due primarily to cellular ectopia or the absence of Reelin. Here we examined dendrite development in the hippocampus of normal and mutant mice and in dissociated cultures. We found that dendrite complexity is severely reduced in homozygous mice deficient in Reelin signaling both in vivo and in vitro, and it is also reduced in heterozygous mice in the absence of cellular ectopia. Addition of Reelin interfering antibodies, receptor antagonists, and Dab1 phosphorylation inhibitors prevented dendrite outgrowth from normal neurons, whereas addition of recombinant Reelin rescued the deficit in reeler cultures. Thus, the same signaling pathway controls both neuronal migration and dendrite maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyong Niu
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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28
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Asaro M, Sheldon M, Chen Z, Ostroverkhovat O, Moerner WE. Soliton-induced waveguides in an organic photorefractive glass. Opt Lett 2005; 30:519-521. [PMID: 15789722 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate optical waveguiding of a probe beam at 980 nm by a soliton beam at 780 nm in an organic photorefractive monolithic glass. Both planar and circular waveguides induced by one- and two-dimensional spatial solitons formed as a result of orientationally enhanced photorefractive nonlinearity are produced in the organic glass. Possibilities for increasing the speed of waveguide formation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Asaro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132, USA
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29
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30
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Assadi AH, Zhang G, Beffert U, McNeil RS, Renfro AL, Niu S, Quattrocchi CC, Antalffy BA, Sheldon M, Armstrong DD, Wynshaw-Boris A, Herz J, D'Arcangelo G, Clark GD. Interaction of reelin signaling and Lis1 in brain development. Nat Genet 2003; 35:270-6. [PMID: 14578885 DOI: 10.1038/ng1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2003] [Accepted: 09/29/2003] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in RELN (encoding reelin) or PAFAH1B1 (encoding LIS1) cause lissencephaly, a human neuronal migration disorder. In the mouse, homozygous mutations in Reln result in the reeler phenotype, characterized by ataxia and disrupted cortical layers. Pafah1b1(+/-) mice have hippocampal layering defects, whereas homozygous mutants are embryonic lethal. Reln encodes an extracellular protein that regulates layer formation by interacting with VLDLR and ApoER2 (Lrp8) receptors, thereby phosphorylating the Dab1 signaling molecule. Lis1 associates with microtubules and modulates neuronal migration. We investigated interactions between the reelin signaling pathway and Lis1 in brain development. Compound mutant mice with disruptions in the Reln pathway and heterozygous Pafah1b1 mutations had a higher incidence of hydrocephalus and enhanced cortical and hippocampal layering defects. Dab1 and Lis1 bound in a reelin-induced phosphorylation-dependent manner. These data indicate genetic and biochemical interaction between the reelin signaling pathway and Lis1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Assadi
- Cain Foundation Laboratories and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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31
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Quattrocchi CC, Huang C, Niu S, Sheldon M, Benhayon D, Cartwright J, Mosier DR, Keller F, D'Arcangelo G. Reelin promotes peripheral synapse elimination and maturation. Science 2003; 301:649-53. [PMID: 12893944 DOI: 10.1126/science.1082690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Reelin is an extracellular protein that is crucial for layer formation in the embryonic brain. Here, we demonstrate that Reelin functions postnatally to regulate the development of the neuromuscular junction. Reelin is required for motor end-plate maturation and proper nerve-muscle connectivity, and it directly promotes synapse elimination. Unlike layer formation, neuromuscular junction development requires a function of Reelin that is not mediated by Disabled1 or very-low-density lipoprotein receptors and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 receptors but by a distinct mechanism involving its protease activity.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials
- Animals
- Axons/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/pharmacology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/physiology
- Culture Media, Conditioned
- Diaphragm/innervation
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/pharmacology
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/physiology
- LDL-Receptor Related Proteins
- Mice
- Mice, Neurologic Mutants
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Electron
- Motor Endplate/ultrastructure
- Motor Neurons/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/innervation
- Mutation
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neuromuscular Junction/growth & development
- Neuromuscular Junction/metabolism
- Neuromuscular Junction/physiology
- Neuromuscular Junction/ultrastructure
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Receptors, Lipoprotein/genetics
- Receptors, Lipoprotein/metabolism
- Reelin Protein
- Schwann Cells/metabolism
- Serine Endopeptidases
- Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Sulfones/pharmacology
- Synapses/physiology
- Synapses/ultrastructure
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32
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Deguchi K, Inoue K, Avila WE, Lopez-Terrada D, Antalffy BA, Quattrocchi CC, Sheldon M, Mikoshiba K, D'Arcangelo G, Armstrong DL. Reelin and disabled-1 expression in developing and mature human cortical neurons. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2003; 62:676-84. [PMID: 12834112 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/62.6.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing mammalian (mouse) brain, Reelin (Reln) is secreted by the Cajal-Retzius (CR) neurons in the marginal zone, binds apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) and very low density lipoprotein receptor (Vldlr), and induces the phosphorylation of the downstream cytoplasmic molecule disabled-1 (Dab1) in cortical plate neurons. Although this is a well-characterized signaling pathway in mice, it has not been well defined in human brain. In this paper we examined the expression of RELN, APOER2, VLDLR, and DAB1 in the developing human brain by RT-PCR. We further determined the cellular expression of the proteins RELN and DAB1 in 50 human brains ranging in age from 10 gestational weeks (GW) to 62 years using immunochemistry. We found that the pattern of expression of RELN and DAB1 in the human brain isnot identical to that observed in the mouse brain. In particular, we report the novel finding that human DAB1and RELN are coexpressed in CR neurons during cortical development and in cortical pyramidal neurons after neuronal migration is complete. Thus, in the human brain, the whole RELN signaling pathway is present within selected populations of cortical neurons throughout life. We speculate that RELN and DAB1 coexpression in these neurons is necessary for both normal cortical development and mature function.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/metabolism
- Cerebral Cortex/cytology
- Cerebral Cortex/embryology
- Cerebral Cortex/growth & development
- Cerebral Cortex/metabolism
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Fetus
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Infant
- Kidney/metabolism
- LDL-Receptor Related Proteins
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Neurologic Mutants
- Middle Aged
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Receptors, Lipoprotein/genetics
- Receptors, Lipoprotein/metabolism
- Reelin Protein
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Serine Endopeptidases
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Deguchi
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Lu XY, Harris CP, Cooley L, Margolin J, Steuber PC, Sheldon M, Rao PH, Lau CC. The utility of spectral karyotyping in the cytogenetic analysis of newly diagnosed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2002; 16:2222-7. [PMID: 12399965 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2002] [Accepted: 05/28/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We applied multicolor spectral karyotyping (SKY) to a panel of 29 newly diagnosed pediatric pre B-cell ALLs with normal and abnormal G-banded karyotypes to identify cryptic translocations and define complex chromosomal rearrangements. By this method, it was possible to define all add chromosomes in six cases, a cryptic t(12;21)(p13;q11) translocation in six cases, marker chromosomes in two cases and refine the misidentified aberrations by G-banding in two cases. In addition, we identified five novel non-recurrent translocations - t(2;9)(p11.2;p13), t(2;22) (p11.2;q11.2), t(6;8)(p12;p11), t(12;14)(p13;q32) and t(X;8)(p22.3;q?). Of these translocations, t(2;9), t(2;22) and t(12;14) were identified by G-banding analysis and confirmed by SKY. We characterized a t(12;14)( p13;q32) translocation by FISH, and identified a fusion of TEL with IGH for the first time in ALL. We identified a rearrangement of PAX5 locus in a case with t(2;9)(p11.2;p13) by FISH and defined the breakpoint telomeric to PAX5 in der(9)t(3;9)(?;p13). These studies demonstrate the utility of using SKY in combination with G-banding and FISH to augment the precision with which chromosomal aberrations may be identified in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Lu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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34
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Abstract
Thirty patients (30 knees) who underwent total knee arthroplasty at age </=50 were reviewed. These patients were operated on between July 1, 1991, and May 1, 1995, with final follow-up evaluation at a mean of 86 months (range, 60-107 months). At final evaluation, 18 knees (60%) had excellent Knee Society objective scores, 11 knees (37%) had good scores, and 1 knee (3%) had a poor score. There were no statistically significant differences in Knee Society objective scores among the cemented group (mean, 88 points), hybrid group (mean, 88 points), and noncemented group (mean, 90 points). One patient (3%) had a revision because of unexplained pain. In the other knees, there was no radiographic evidence of progressive loosening, lucencies, or change in position or alignment of the prosthesis. Total knee arthroplasty of this design, at least for the time period studied (7-year mean follow-up), has a high rate of success in patients who are </=50 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Mont
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Regassa F, Sheldon M, Noakes DE. Effect of experimentally induced metritis on uterine involution, acute phase protein response and PGFM secretion in the postpartum ewe. Vet Rec 2002; 150:605-7. [PMID: 12036244 DOI: 10.1136/vr.150.19.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Regassa
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine and Surgery, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A patient with collapse of a femoral condyle caused by osteonecrosis has few treatment options other than total knee arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical and radiographic outcome of total knee arthroplasty for osteonecrosis. METHODS Between 1987 and 1996, thirty-two total knee arthroplasties were performed with cement in thirty patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle and/or tibial plateau. The study group included twenty-forty women and five men with a mean age of fifty-four years (range, thirty-one to seventy-seven years) at the time of the arthroplasty. Twenty-two patients had atraumatic osteonecrosis associated with corticosteroid use, and eight had spontaneous osteonecrosis. All patients had a complete clinical and radiographic evaluation at a mean of 108 months (range, forty-eight to 144 months) postoperatively. RESULTS Overall, thirty-one (97%) of the thirty-two knees had a successful clinical outcome. The mean Knee Society score improved from 54 points preoperatively to 95 points at the time of the latest follow-up. No evidence of progressive radiolucency was found around any prosthetic component. CONCLUSIONS Previous studies have demonstrated less-than-optimal results following total knee arthroplasty in patients with osteonecrosis. The excellent results found in the present study may have been secondary to the use of cemented implants in all cases and ancillary stems when appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Mont
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopins Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe the psychiatric assessment of Aboriginal patients from remote Aboriginal communities in Central Australia. METHOD The method consisted of a summary of the experiences gained during a dissertation year placement as senior registrar with the Northern Territory Remote Area Mental Health Team. RESULTS Remote area Aboriginal psychiatry entails learning a whole new set of skills in terms of history taking and the mental state examination, a knowledge of the importance of extended kinship ties and cultural issues, the use of Aboriginal mental health workers as partners in assessing and managing patients via their families and accepting referrals from a wide range of sources. CONCLUSIONS Working on a service providing psychiatric care to remote area Aboriginal communities can be a deeply rewarding personal and professional experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sheldon
- Northern Territory Mental Health Services, Alice Springs
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Sheldon M. Experience and reflections. APA Newsl Philos Med 2001; 1:172. [PMID: 15025102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Sheldon
- Indiana University Northwest, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
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39
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Wells R, Sheldon M. Making room for alternatives. Hastings Cent Rep 2000; 30:26-8. [PMID: 10862367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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40
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Grey M, Townsend N, Lappin D, Roberts I, Stanford R, Sheldon M, Tate D, Short C, Lucas G. IgA myeloma of donor origin arising 7 years after allogeneic renal transplant. Br J Haematol 2000; 108:592-4. [PMID: 10759718 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 38-year-old man who developed IgA myeloma of donor origin 7 years after allogeneic renal transplant. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma was unequivocal and based on positive results from serum electrophoresis, skeletal survey and bone marrow investigations. The donor origin of the myeloma cells was confirmed by DNA fingerprinting. We believe this is the first reported case of disseminated multiple myeloma of donor origin developing after allogeneic renal transplant and, as such, gives some insight into the natural history and biology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grey
- University Department of Clinical Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK
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Abstract
A signaling pathway involving the extracellular protein Reelin and the intracellular adaptor protein Disabled-1 (Dab1) controls cell positioning during mammalian brain development. Here, we demonstrate that Reelin binds directly to lipoprotein receptors, preferably the very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2). Binding requires calcium, and it is inhibited in the presence of apoE. Furthermore, the CR-50 monoclonal antibody, which inhibits Reelin function, blocks the association of Reelin with VLDLR. After binding to VLDLR on the cell surface, Reelin is internalized into vesicles. In dissociated neurons, apoE reduces the level of Reelin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Dab1. These data suggest that Reelin directs neuronal migration by binding to VLDLR and ApoER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D'Arcangelo
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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42
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Dzyacky SC, Sheldon M. An acute-care model in the management of end-of-life issues. Nurs Case Manag 1999; 4:228-35. [PMID: 10754867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare professionals who provide direct patient care have the knowledge and skill to discuss the biophysiologic aspects of a patient's condition, but the discussion of the management of end-of-life and bioethical issues is often problematic. In this article, we discuss practices and procedures that have proved helpful in encouraging open discussion of end-of-life issues, as well as appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Dzyacky
- Methodist Hospitals Inc., Merrillville, Indiana, USA.
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43
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Homayouni R, Rice DS, Sheldon M, Curran T. Disabled-1 binds to the cytoplasmic domain of amyloid precursor-like protein 1. J Neurosci 1999; 19:7507-15. [PMID: 10460257 PMCID: PMC6782519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/1999] [Revised: 06/22/1999] [Accepted: 06/23/1999] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the disabled-1 gene (Dab1) results in aberrant migration of neurons during development and disorganization of laminar structures throughout the brain. Dab1 is thought to function as an adapter molecule in signal transduction processes. It contains a protein-interaction (PI) domain similar to the phosphotyrosine-binding domain of the Shc oncoprotein, it is phosphorylated by the Src protein tyrosine kinase, and it binds to SH2 domains in a phosphotyrosine-dependent manner. To investigate the function of Dab1, we searched for binding proteins using the yeast two-hybrid system. We found that the PI domain of Dab1 interacts with the amyloid precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1). The association of Dab1 with APLP1 was confirmed in biochemical assays, and the site of interaction was localized to a cytoplasmic region of APLP1 containing the amino acid sequence motif Asn-Pro-x-Tyr (NPxY). NPxY motifs are involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and they have been shown to bind to PI domains present in several proteins. This region of APLP1 is conserved among all members of the amyloid precursor family of proteins. Indeed, we found that Dab1 also interacts with amyloid precursor protein (APP) and APLP2 in biochemical association experiments. In transiently transfected cells, Dab1 and APLP1 colocalized in membrane ruffles and vesicular structures. Cotransfection assays in cultured cells indicated that APP family members increased serine phosphorylation of Dab1. Dab1 and APLP1 are expressed in similar cell populations in developing and adult brain tissue. These results suggest that Dab1 may function, at least in part, through association with APLP1 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Homayouni
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Alvarez-Dolado M, Ruiz M, Del Río JA, Alcántara S, Burgaya F, Sheldon M, Nakajima K, Bernal J, Howell BW, Curran T, Soriano E, Muñoz A. Thyroid hormone regulates reelin and dab1 expression during brain development. J Neurosci 1999; 19:6979-93. [PMID: 10436054 PMCID: PMC6782883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/1999] [Revised: 05/11/1999] [Accepted: 05/21/1999] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The reelin and dab1 genes are necessary for appropriate neuronal migration and lamination during brain development. Since these processes are controlled by thyroid hormone, we studied the effect of thyroid hormone deprivation and administration on the expression of reelin and dab1. As shown by Northern analysis, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry studies, hypothyroid rats expressed decreased levels of reelin RNA and protein during the perinatal period [embryonic day 18 (E18) and postnatal day 0 (P0)]. The effect was evident in Cajal-Retzius cells of cortex layer I, as well as in layers V/VI, hippocampus, and granular neurons of the cerebellum. At later ages, however, Reelin was more abundant in the cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb of hypothyroid rats (P5), and no differences were detected at P15. Conversely, Dab1 levels were higher at P0, and lower at P5 in hypothyroid animals. In line with these results, reelin RNA and protein levels were higher in cultured hippocampal slices from P0 control rats compared to those from hypothyroid animals. Significantly, thyroid-dependent regulation of reelin and dab1 was confirmed in vivo and in vitro by hormone treatment of hypothyroid rats and organotypic cultures, respectively. In both cases, thyroid hormone led to an increase in reelin expression. Our data suggest that the effects of thyroid hormone on neuronal migration may be in part mediated through the control of reelin and dab1 expression during brain ontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alvarez-Dolado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Reinberg D, Orphanides G, Ebright R, Akoulitchev S, Carcamo J, Cho H, Cortes P, Drapkin R, Flores O, Ha I, Inostroza JA, Kim S, Kim TK, Kumar P, Lagrange T, LeRoy G, Lu H, Ma DM, Maldonado E, Merino A, Mermelstein F, Olave I, Sheldon M, Shiekhattar R, Zawel L. The RNA polymerase II general transcription factors: past, present, and future. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1999; 63:83-103. [PMID: 10384273 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1998.63.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Reinberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway 0885, USA
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Rice DS, Sheldon M, D'Arcangelo G, Nakajima K, Goldowitz D, Curran T. Disabled-1 acts downstream of Reelin in a signaling pathway that controls laminar organization in the mammalian brain. Development 1998; 125:3719-29. [PMID: 9716537 DOI: 10.1242/dev.125.18.3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of either reelin (Reln) or disabled-1 (Dab1) results in widespread abnormalities in laminar structures throughout the brain and ataxia in reeler and scrambler mice. Both exhibit the same neuroanatomical defects, including cerebellar hypoplasia with Purkinje cell ectopia and disruption of neuronal layers in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Despite these phenotypic similarities, Reln and Dab1 have distinct molecular properties. Reln is a large extracellular protein secreted by Cajal-Retzius cells in the forebrain and by granule neurons in the cerebellum. In contrast, Dab1 is a cytoplasmic protein which has properties of an adapter protein that functions in phosphorylation-dependent intracellular signal transduction. Here, we show that Dab1 participates in the same developmental process as Reln. In scrambler mice, neuronal precursors are unable to invade the preplate of the cerebral cortex and consequently, they do not align within the cortical plate. During development, cells expressing Dab1 are located next to those secreting Reln at critical stages of formation of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus, before the first abnormalities in cell position become apparent in either reeler or scrambler. In reeler, the major populations of displaced neurons contain elevated levels of Dab1 protein, although they express normal levels of Dab1 mRNA. This suggests that Dab1 accumulates in the absence of a Reln-evoked signal. Taken together, these results indicate that Dab1 functions downstream of Reln in a signaling pathway that controls cell positioning in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Rice
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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47
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Gantley M, Rickets M, Sheldon M, Carter Y. Patients in east London seem happy to give GPs consent for training. BMJ 1998; 316:1391. [PMID: 9564013 PMCID: PMC1113092 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.316.7141.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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48
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Goldowitz D, Cushing RC, Laywell E, D'Arcangelo G, Sheldon M, Sweet HO, Davisson M, Steindler D, Curran T. Cerebellar disorganization characteristic of reeler in scrambler mutant mice despite presence of reelin. J Neurosci 1997; 17:8767-77. [PMID: 9348346 PMCID: PMC6573071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/1997] [Accepted: 08/07/1997] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the molecular basis of neuronal migration in the mammalian CNS relies critically on the discovery and identification of genetic mutations that affect this process. Here, we report the detailed cerebellar phenotype caused by a new autosomal recessive neurological mouse mutation, scrambler (gene symbol scm). The scrambler mutation results in ataxic mice that exhibit several neuroanatomic defects reminiscent of reeler. The most obvious of these lies in the cerebellum, which is small and lacks foliation. Granule cells, although normally placed in an internal granule cell layer, are greatly reduced in number ( approximately 20% of normal). Purkinje cells are also reduced in number, and the majority are located ectopically in deep cerebellar masses. There is a small population of Purkinje cells ( approximately 5% of the total) that occupy a Purkinje cell layer between the molecular and granule cell layers. Despite this apparent disorganization of Purkinje cells, zebrin-positive and zebrin-negative parasagittal zones can be delineated. The ectopic masses of Purkinje cells are bordered by the extracellular matrix protein tenascin and by processes containing glial fibrillary acidic protein. Antibodies specific for these proteins also identify a novel midline raphe structure in both scrambler and reeler cerebellum that is not present in wild-type mice. Thus, in many respects, the scrambler cerebellum is identical to that of reeler. However, the scrambler locus has been mapped to a site distinct from that of reelin (Reln), the gene responsible for the reeler defect. Here we find that there are normal levels of Reln mRNA in scrambler brain and that reelin protein is secreted normally by scrambler cerebellar cells. These findings imply that the scrambler gene product may function in a molecular pathway critical for neuronal migration that is tightly linked to, but downstream of, reelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Goldowitz
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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49
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Sheldon M, Rice DS, D'Arcangelo G, Yoneshima H, Nakajima K, Mikoshiba K, Howell BW, Cooper JA, Goldowitz D, Curran T. Scrambler and yotari disrupt the disabled gene and produce a reeler-like phenotype in mice. Nature 1997; 389:730-3. [PMID: 9338784 DOI: 10.1038/39601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Formation of the mammalian brain requires choreographed migration of neurons to generate highly ordered laminar structures such as those in the cortices of the forebrain and the cerebellum. These processes are severely disrupted by mutations in reelin which cause widespread misplacement of neurons and associated ataxia in reeler mice. Reelin is a large extracellular protein secreted by pioneer neurons that coordinates cell positioning during neurodevelopment. Two new autosomal recessive mouse mutations, scramble and yotari have been described that exhibit a phenotype identical to reeler. Here we report that scrambler and yotari arise from mutations in mdab1, a mouse gene related to the Drosophila gene disabled (dab). Both scrambler and yotari mice express mutated forms of mdab1 messenger RNA and little or no mDab1 protein. mDab1 is a phosphoprotein that appears to function as an intracellular adaptor in protein kinase pathways. Expression analysis indicates that mdab1 is expressed in neuronal populations exposed to Reelin. The similar phenotypes of reeler, scrambler, yotari and mdab1 null mice indicate that Reelin and mDab1 function as signalling molecules that regulate cell positioning in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sheldon
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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50
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Sheldon M. Molasses toxicity in cattle. Vet Rec 1997; 140:435. [PMID: 9149369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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