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Yaghmaeian Salmani B, Lahti L, Gillberg L, Jacobsen JK, Mantas I, Svenningsson P, Perlmann T. Transcriptomic atlas of midbrain dopamine neurons uncovers differential vulnerability in a Parkinsonism lesion model. eLife 2024; 12:RP89482. [PMID: 38587883 PMCID: PMC11001297 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons comprise diverse cells with unique innervation targets and functions. This is illustrated by the selective sensitivity of mDA neurons of the substantia nigra compacta (SNc) in patients with Parkinson's disease, while those in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are relatively spared. Here, we used single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of approximately 70,000 mouse midbrain cells to build a high-resolution atlas of mouse mDA neuron diversity at the molecular level. The results showed that differences between mDA neuron groups could best be understood as a continuum without sharp differences between subtypes. Thus, we assigned mDA neurons to several 'territories' and 'neighborhoods' within a shifting gene expression landscape where boundaries are gradual rather than discrete. Based on the enriched gene expression patterns of these territories and neighborhoods, we were able to localize them in the adult mouse midbrain. Moreover, because the underlying mechanisms for the variable sensitivities of diverse mDA neurons to pathological insults are not well understood, we analyzed surviving neurons after partial 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions to unravel gene expression patterns that correlate with mDA neuron vulnerability and resilience. Together, this atlas provides a basis for further studies on the neurophysiological role of mDA neurons in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Lahti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Linda Gillberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jesper Kjaer Jacobsen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Ioannis Mantas
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Thomas Perlmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Mayer J, Boeck D, Werner M, Frankenhauser D, Geley S, Farhan H, Shimozawa M, Nilsson P. Inhibition of Autophagy Alters Intracellular Transport of APP Resulting in Increased APP Processing. Traffic 2024; 25:e12934. [PMID: 38613404 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and dysfunctional autophagy. Aβ is generated by sequential proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and the site of intracellular APP processing is highly debated, which may include autophagosomes. Here, we investigated the involvement of autophagy, including the role of ATG9 in APP intracellular trafficking and processing by applying the RUSH system, which allows studying the transport of fluorescently labeled mCherry-APP-EGFP in a systematic way, starting from the endoplasmic reticulum. HeLa cells, expressing the RUSH mCherry-APP-EGFP system, were investigated by live cell imaging, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. We found that mCherry-APP-EGFP passed through the Golgi faster in ATG9 knockout cells. Furthermore, ATG9 deletion shifted mCherry-APP-EGFP from early endosomes and lysosomes toward the plasma membrane concomitant with reduced endocytosis. Importantly, this alteration in mCherry-APP-EGFP transport resulted in increased secreted mCherry-soluble APP and C-terminal fragment-EGFP. These effects were also phenocopied by pharmacological inhibition of ULK1, indicating that autophagy is regulating the intracellular trafficking and processing of APP. These findings contribute to the understanding of the role of autophagy in APP metabolism and could potentially have implications for new therapeutic approaches for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Mayer
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Dominik Boeck
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Werner
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Stephan Geley
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Makoto Shimozawa
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Elovsson G, Klingstedt T, Brown M, Nilsson KPR, Brorsson AC. A Novel Drosophila Model of Alzheimer's Disease to Study Aβ Proteotoxicity in the Digestive Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2105. [PMID: 38396782 PMCID: PMC10888607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) proteotoxicity is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is caused by protein aggregation, resulting in neuronal damage in the brain. In the search for novel treatments, Drosophila melanogaster has been extensively used to screen for anti-Aβ proteotoxic agents in studies where toxic Aβ peptides are expressed in the fly brain. Since drug molecules often are administered orally there is a risk that they fail to reach the brain, due to their inability to cross the brain barrier. To circumvent this problem, we have designed a novel Drosophila model that expresses the Aβ peptides in the digestive tract. In addition, a built-in apoptotic sensor provides a fluorescent signal from the green fluorescent protein as a response to caspase activity. We found that expressing different variants of Aβ1-42 resulted in proteotoxic phenotypes such as reduced longevity, aggregate deposition, and the presence of apoptotic cells. Taken together, this gut-based Aβ-expressing fly model can be used to study the mechanisms behind Aβ proteotoxicity and to identify different substances that can modify Aβ proteotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ann-Christin Brorsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden; (G.E.); (T.K.); (M.B.); (K.P.R.N.)
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Pagnon de la Vega M, Syvänen S, Giedraitis V, Hooley M, Konstantinidis E, Meier SR, Rokka J, Eriksson J, Aguilar X, Spires-Jones TL, Lannfelt L, Nilsson LNG, Erlandsson A, Hultqvist G, Ingelsson M, Sehlin D. Altered amyloid-β structure markedly reduces gliosis in the brain of mice harboring the Uppsala APP deletion. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:22. [PMID: 38317196 PMCID: PMC10845526 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) into plaques is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Different amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutations cause early-onset AD by altering the production or aggregation properties of Aβ. We recently identified the Uppsala APP mutation (APPUpp), which causes Aβ pathology by a triple mechanism: increased β-secretase and altered α-secretase APP cleavage, leading to increased formation of a unique Aβ conformer that rapidly aggregates and deposits in the brain. The aim of this study was to further explore the effects of APPUpp in a transgenic mouse model (tg-UppSwe), expressing human APP with the APPUpp mutation together with the APPSwe mutation. Aβ pathology was studied in tg-UppSwe brains at different ages, using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. In vivo PET imaging with three different PET radioligands was conducted in aged tg-UppSwe mice and two other mouse models; tg-ArcSwe and tg-Swe. Finally, glial responses to Aβ pathology were studied in cell culture models and mouse brain tissue, using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Tg-UppSwe mice displayed increased β-secretase cleavage and suppressed α-secretase cleavage, resulting in AβUpp42 dominated diffuse plaque pathology appearing from the age of 5-6 months. The γ-secretase cleavage was not affected. Contrary to tg-ArcSwe and tg-Swe mice, tg-UppSwe mice were [11C]PiB-PET negative. Antibody-based PET with the 3D6 ligand visualized Aβ pathology in all models, whereas the Aβ protofibril selective mAb158 ligand did not give any signals in tg-UppSwe mice. Moreover, unlike the other two models, tg-UppSwe mice displayed a very faint glial response to the Aβ pathology. The tg-UppSwe mouse model thus recapitulates several pathological features of the Uppsala APP mutation carriers. The presumed unique structural features of AβUpp42 aggregates were found to affect their interaction with anti-Aβ antibodies and profoundly modify the Aβ-mediated glial response, which may be important aspects to consider for further development of AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pagnon de la Vega
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monique Hooley
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evangelos Konstantinidis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silvio R Meier
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rokka
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Eriksson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- PET Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ximena Aguilar
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioArctic AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars N G Nilsson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Erlandsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dag Sehlin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Zlatkovic J, Dalmau Gasull A, Hägg D, Font-Gironès F, Bellman J, Meister B, Palsdottir V, Ruud J, Ohlsson C, Dickson SL, Anesten F, Jansson JO. Reduction of body weight by increased loading is associated with activation of norepinephrine neurones in the medial nucleus of the solitary tract. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13352. [PMID: 37885347 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
We previously provided evidence supporting the existence of a novel leptin-independent body weight homeostat ("the gravitostat") that senses body weight and then initiates a homeostatic feed-back regulation of body weight. We, herein, hypothesize that this feed-back regulation involves a CNS mechanism. To identify populations of neurones of importance for the putative feed-back signal induced by increased loading, high-fat diet-fed rats or mice were implanted intraperitoneally or subcutaneously with capsules weighing ∼15% (Load) or ∼2.5% (Control) of body weight. At 3-5 days after implantation, neuronal activation was assessed in different parts of the brain/brainstem by immunohistochemical detection of FosB. Implantation of weighted capsules, both subcutaneous and intraperitoneal, induced FosB in specific neurones in the medial nucleus of the solitary tract (mNTS), known to integrate information about the metabolic status of the body. These neurones also expressed tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbH), a pattern typical of norepinephrine neurones. In functional studies, we specifically ablated norepinephrine neurones in mNTS, which attenuated the feed-back regulation of increased load on body weight and food intake. In conclusion, increased load appears to reduce body weight and food intake via activation of norepinephrine neurones in the mNTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Zlatkovic
- Departement of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Hägg
- Departement of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ferran Font-Gironès
- Departement of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jakob Bellman
- Departement of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Meister
- Institute of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Ruud
- Departement of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suzanne L Dickson
- Departement of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Anesten
- Departement of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John-Olov Jansson
- Departement of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Narciso AR, Henriques-Normark B. Immunization with Attenuated Pneumococcal Strains Provides Protection against Pneumococcal Colonization in Humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:832-834. [PMID: 37672662 PMCID: PMC10586242 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202308-1459ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Narciso
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Clinical Microbiology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Henriques-Normark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Clinical Microbiology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden
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Sandell M, Ericsson A, Al-Saadi J, Södervall B, Södergren E, Grass S, Sanchez J, Holmin S. A novel noble metal stent coating reduces in vitro platelet activation and acute in vivo thrombosis formation: a blinded study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17225. [PMID: 37821529 PMCID: PMC10567768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherent to any stenting procedure is the prescription of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to reduce the platelet response. Clinical guidelines recommend 6-12 months of DAPT, depending on stent type, clinical picture and patient factors. Our hypothesis is that a nanostructured noble metal coating has the potential to reduce protein deposition and platelet activation. These effects would reduce subsequent thrombo-inflammatory reactions, potentially mitigating the need for an extensive DAPT in the acute phase. Here, a noble metal nanostructure coating on stents is investigated. Twelve pigs underwent endovascular implantation of coated and non-coated stents for paired comparisons in a blinded study design. The non-coated control stent was placed at the contralateral corresponding artery. Volumetric analysis of angiographic data, performed by a treatment blinded assessor, demonstrated a significant thrombus reduction for one of the coatings compared to control. This effect was already seen one hour after implantation. This finding was supported by in vitro data showing a significant reduction of coagulation activation in the coated group. This novel coating shows promise as an implant material addition and could potentially decrease the need for DAPT in the early phases of stent implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Sandell
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, 114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- MedTechLabs, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Ericsson
- Bactiguard AB, Alfred Nobels allé 150, 146 48, Tullinge, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Al-Saadi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Billy Södervall
- Bactiguard AB, Alfred Nobels allé 150, 146 48, Tullinge, Sweden
| | - Erika Södergren
- Bactiguard AB, Alfred Nobels allé 150, 146 48, Tullinge, Sweden
| | - Stefan Grass
- Bactiguard AB, Alfred Nobels allé 150, 146 48, Tullinge, Sweden
| | - Javier Sanchez
- Bactiguard AB, Alfred Nobels allé 150, 146 48, Tullinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Holmin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Tambaro S, Mitra S, Gera R, Linderoth B, Wahlberg LU, Darreh-Shori T, Behbahani H, Nilsson P, Eriksdotter M. Feasibility and therapeutical potential of local intracerebral encapsulated cell biodelivery of BDNF to App NL-G-F knock-in Alzheimer mice. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:137. [PMID: 37596686 PMCID: PMC10436657 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related disease characterized by altered cognition, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration against which there is presently no effective cure. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key neurotrophin involved in the learning and memory process, with a crucial role in synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. Several findings support that a reduced BDNF expression in the human brain is associated with AD pathogenesis. BDNF has been proposed as a potential therapy for AD, but BDNF has low brain penetration. In this study, we used an innovative encapsulated cell biodelivery (ECB) device, containing genetically modified cells capable of releasing BDNF and characterized its feasibility and therapeutic effects in the novel App knock-in AD mouse model (AppNL-G-F). METHODS ECB's containing human ARPE-19 cells genetically modified to release BDNF (ECB-BDNF devices) were stereotactically implanted bilaterally into hippocampus of 3-month-old AppNL-G-F mice. The stability of BDNF release and its effect on AD pathology were evaluated after 1, 2-, and 4-months post-implantation by immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses. Exploratory and memory performance using elevated plus maze (EPM) and Y-maze test were performed in the 4-months treatment group. Immunological reaction towards ECB-BDNF devices were studied under ex vivo and in vivo settings. RESULTS The surgery and the ECB-BDNF implants were well tolerated without any signs of unwanted side effects or weight loss. ECB-BDNF devices did not induce host-mediated immune response under ex vivo set-up but showed reduced immune cell attachment when explanted 4-months post-implantation. Elevated BDNF staining around ECB-BDNF device proximity was detected after 1, 2, and 4 months treatment, but the retrieved devices showed variable BDNF release. A reduction of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition was observed around ECB-BDNF device proximity after 2-months of BDNF delivery. CONCLUSIONS The result of this study supports the use of ECB device as a promising drug-delivery approach to locally administer BBB-impermeable factors for treating neurodegenerative conditions like AD. Optimization of the mouse-sized devices to reduce variability of BDNF release is needed to employ the ECB platform in future pre-clinical research and therapy development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Tambaro
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society; Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sumonto Mitra
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ruchi Gera
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bengt Linderoth
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Neurosurgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars U. Wahlberg
- Gloriana Therapeutics, Inc., Warren, RI USA
- Sinfonia Biotherapeutics AB, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Taher Darreh-Shori
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Homira Behbahani
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society; Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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9
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Lantz L, Shirani H, Ghetti B, Vidal R, Klingstedt T, Nilsson KPR. Thiophene-Based Ligands for Histological Multiplex Spectral Detection of Distinct Protein Aggregates in Alzheimer's Disease. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203568. [PMID: 36645413 PMCID: PMC10101888 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation and accumulation of proteins in the brain is the defining feature of many devastating neurodegenerative diseases. The development of fluorescent ligands that bind to these accumulations, or deposits, is essential for the characterization of these neuropathological lesions. We report the synthesis of donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) thiophene-based ligands with different emission properties. The D-A-D ligands displayed selectivity towards distinct disease-associated protein deposits in histological sections from postmortem brain tissue of individuals affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ability of the ligands to selectively identify AD-associated pathological alterations, such as deposits composed of aggregates of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide or tau, was reduced when the chemical composition of the ligands was altered. When combining the D-A-D ligands with conventional thiophene-based ligands, superior spectral separation of distinct protein aggregates in AD tissue sections was obtained. Our findings provide the structural and functional basis for the development of new fluorescent ligands that can distinguish between aggregated proteinaceous species, as well as offer novel strategies for developing multiplex fluorescence detection of protein aggregates in tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Lantz
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hamid Shirani
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, Indiana, USA
| | - Ruben Vidal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, Indiana, USA
| | - Therése Klingstedt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
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10
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Berger CC, Coppi S, Ehrsson HH. Synchronous motor imagery and visual feedback of finger movement elicit the moving rubber hand illusion, at least in illusion-susceptible individuals. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1021-1039. [PMID: 36928694 PMCID: PMC10081980 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06586-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that imagined auditory and visual sensory stimuli can be integrated with real sensory information from a different sensory modality to change the perception of external events via cross-modal multisensory integration mechanisms. Here, we explored whether imagined voluntary movements can integrate visual and proprioceptive cues to change how we perceive our own limbs in space. Participants viewed a robotic hand wearing a glove repetitively moving its right index finger up and down at a frequency of 1 Hz, while they imagined executing the corresponding movements synchronously or asynchronously (kinesthetic-motor imagery); electromyography (EMG) from the participants' right index flexor muscle confirmed that the participants kept their hand relaxed while imagining the movements. The questionnaire results revealed that the synchronously imagined movements elicited illusory ownership and a sense of agency over the moving robotic hand-the moving rubber hand illusion-compared with asynchronously imagined movements; individuals who affirmed experiencing the illusion with real synchronous movement also did so with synchronous imagined movements. The results from a proprioceptive drift task further demonstrated a shift in the perceived location of the participants' real hand toward the robotic hand in the synchronous versus the asynchronous motor imagery condition. These results suggest that kinesthetic motor imagery can be used to replace veridical congruent somatosensory feedback from a moving finger in the moving rubber hand illusion to trigger illusory body ownership and agency, but only if the temporal congruence rule of the illusion is obeyed. This observation extends previous studies on the integration of mental imagery and sensory perception to the case of multisensory bodily awareness, which has potentially important implications for research into embodiment of brain-computer interface controlled robotic prostheses and computer-generated limbs in virtual reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Berger
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering/Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sara Coppi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - H Henrik Ehrsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Sandgren S, Novakova L, Axelsson M, Amirbeagi F, Kockum I, Olsson T, Malmestrom C, Lycke J. The role of autoimmune antibodies to predict secondary autoimmunity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with alemtuzumab: A nationwide prospective survey. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1137665. [PMID: 37006489 PMCID: PMC10061078 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1137665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAlemtuzumab (ALZ) is an immune reconstitution therapy for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). However, ALZ increases the risk of secondary autoimmune diseases (SADs).ObjectiveWe explored whether the detection of autoimmune antibodies (auto-Abs) could predict the development of SADs.MethodsWe included all patients with RRMS in Sweden who initiated ALZ treatment (n = 124, 74 female subjects) from 2009 to 2019. The presence of auto-Abs was determined in plasma samples obtained at the baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up, as well as in a subgroup of patients (n = 51), it was determined in plasma samples obtained at the remaining 3-month intervals up to 24 months. Monthly blood tests, urine tests, and the assessment of clinical symptoms were performed for monitoring safety including that of SADs.ResultsAutoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) developed in 40% of patients, within a median follow-up of 4.5 years. Thyroid auto-Abs were detected in 62% of patients with AITD. The presence of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) at the baseline increased the risk of AITD by 50%. At 24 months, thyroid auto-Abs were detected in 27 patients, and 93% (25/27) developed AITD. Among patients without thyroid auto-Abs, only 30% (15/51) developed AITD (p < 0.0001). In the subgroup of patients (n = 51) with more frequent sampling for auto-Abs, 27 patients developed ALZ-induced AITD, and 19 of them had detectable thyroid auto-Abs prior to the AITD onset, with a median interval of 216 days. Eight patients (6.5%) developed non-thyroid SAD, and none had detectable non-thyroid auto-Abs.ConclusionWe conclude that monitoring thyroid auto-Abs, essentially TRAbs, may improve the surveillance of AITD associated with ALZ treatment. The risk for non-thyroid SADs was low, and monitoring non-thyroid auto-Abs did not seem to provide any additional information for predicting non-thyroid SADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sandgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Sofia Sandgren
| | - Lenka Novakova
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Firoozeh Amirbeagi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratory for Clinical Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clas Malmestrom
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratory for Clinical Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lycke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Al-Amin RA, Johansson L, Abdurakhmanov E, Landegren N, Löf L, Arngården L, Blokzijl A, Svensson R, Hammond M, Lönn P, Haybaeck J, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Jensen A, Danielson U, Artursson P, Lundbäck T, Landegren U. Monitoring drug-target interactions through target engagement-mediated amplification on arrays and in situ. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:e129. [PMID: 36189884 PMCID: PMC9825164 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs are designed to bind their target proteins in physiologically relevant tissues and organs to modulate biological functions and elicit desirable clinical outcomes. Information about target engagement at cellular and subcellular resolution is therefore critical for guiding compound optimization in drug discovery, and for probing resistance mechanisms to targeted therapies in clinical samples. We describe a target engagement-mediated amplification (TEMA) technology, where oligonucleotide-conjugated drugs are used to visualize and measure target engagement in situ, amplified via rolling-circle replication of circularized oligonucleotide probes. We illustrate the TEMA technique using dasatinib and gefitinib, two kinase inhibitors with distinct selectivity profiles. In vitro binding by the dasatinib probe to arrays of displayed proteins accurately reproduced known selectivity profiles, while their differential binding to fixed adherent cells agreed with expectations from expression profiles of the cells. We also introduce a proximity ligation variant of TEMA to selectively investigate binding to specific target proteins of interest. This form of the assay serves to improve resolution of binding to on- and off-target proteins. In conclusion, TEMA has the potential to aid in drug development and clinical routine by conferring valuable insights in drug-target interactions at spatial resolution in protein arrays, cells and in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasel A Al-Amin
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +46 70 0535324;
| | - Lars Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Eldar Abdurakhmanov
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils Landegren
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Solna), Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liza Löf
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Arngården
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andries Blokzijl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Svensson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling (UDOPP), Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Hammond
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Lönn
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annika Jenmalm Jensen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - U Helena Danielson
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling (UDOPP), Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ulf Landegren
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Ulf Landegren. Tel: +46 18 4714910; Fax: +46 18 4714808;
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Friberger I, Jussing E, Han J, Goos JACM, Siikanen J, Kaipe H, Lambert M, Harris RA, Samén E, Carlsten M, Holmin S, Tran TA. Optimisation of the Synthesis and Cell Labelling Conditions for [ 89Zr]Zr-oxine and [ 89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS: a Direct In Vitro Comparison in Cell Types with Distinct Therapeutic Applications. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:952-962. [PMID: 34231103 PMCID: PMC8578071 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to better characterise cell-based therapies in preclinical models to help facilitate their translation to humans. Long-term high-resolution tracking of the cells in vivo is often impossible due to unreliable methods. Radiolabelling of cells has the advantage of being able to reveal cellular kinetics in vivo over time. This study aimed to optimise the synthesis of the radiotracers [89Zr]Zr-oxine (8-hydroxyquinoline) and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS (p-SCN-Bn-Deferoxamine) and to perform a direct comparison of the cell labelling efficiency using these radiotracers. PROCEDURES Several parameters, such as buffers, pH, labelling time and temperature, were investigated to optimise the synthesis of [89Zr]Zr-oxine and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS in order to reach a radiochemical conversion (RCC) of >95 % without purification. Radio-instant thin-layer chromatography (iTLC) and radio high-performance liquid chromatography (radio-HPLC) were used to determine the RCC. Cells were labelled with [89Zr]Zr-oxine or [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS. The cellular retention of 89Zr and the labelling impact was determined by analysing the cellular functions, such as viability, proliferation, phagocytotic ability and phenotypic immunostaining. RESULTS The optimised synthesis of [89Zr]Zr-oxine and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS resulted in straightforward protocols not requiring additional purification. [89Zr]Zr-oxine and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS were synthesised with an average RCC of 98.4 % (n = 16) and 98.0 % (n = 13), respectively. Cell labelling efficiencies were 63.9 % (n = 35) and 70.2 % (n = 30), respectively. 89Zr labelling neither significantly affected the cell viability (cell viability loss was in the range of 1-8 % compared to its corresponding non-labelled cells, P value > 0.05) nor the cells' proliferation rate. The phenotype of human decidual stromal cells (hDSC) and phagocytic function of rat bone-marrow-derived macrophages (rMac) was somewhat affected by radiolabelling. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that [89Zr]Zr-oxine and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS are equally effective in cell labelling. However, [89Zr]Zr-oxine was superior to [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS with regard to long-term stability, cellular retention, minimal variation between cell types and cell labelling efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Friberger
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Jussing
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeroen A C M Goos
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Siikanen
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen Kaipe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Department of Medicine in Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Samén
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlsten
- Department of Medicine in Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Cell Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Holmin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thuy A Tran
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Hidefjäll P, Berg L. Patient Controlled, Off-label Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Real-World Medical Costs and Effects of Patient Controlled Sensor Augmented Pump Therapy in Adult Patients Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2021; 15:575-581. [PMID: 32517514 PMCID: PMC8111228 DOI: 10.1177/1932296820920909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has shown promise to reduce glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, but its cost-effectiveness is seen as uncertain by reimbursement agencies. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of real-world, off-label, patient controlled CGM use in combination with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on costs and effects in patients with type 1 diabetes in a Swedish clinic. METHODS A real-world, retrospective study with questionnaire on CGM use by adult patients with type 1 diabetes on CSII (Animas Vibe) were offered sensor augmented pump therapy (SAPT) (Dexcom G4) as part of hospital innovation funding program. Direct medical costs, HbA1c, and complications following switch from CSII with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) to SAPT were calculated. RESULTS Questionnaire data showed that CGM sensors were on average used 92% of the time for 22 days. One hundred and thirty-nine (95%) of 146 respondents used each sensor for longer than one week. Data analysis showed a statistically significant HbA1c decrease of 0.56% (6.1 mmol/mol) after change to SAPT. In patients using the sensor 100%, the decrease was 0.89% (9.8 mmol/mol). The analysis showed that SAPT led to higher costs (5500 USD/year) than CSII + SMBG (3680 USD/year), with incremental costs being 1815 USD per year to achieve an HbA1c decrease of 0.56% (6.1 mmol/mol). The incidence of all complications declined after switch to SAPT. CONCLUSION The primary data analysis showed a decrease in HbA1c values following switch to SAPT, corresponding to previous cost-effectiveness studies, but at substantially lower costs due to longer sensor off-label use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Hidefjäll
- Unit for Bioentrepreneurship, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Patrik Hidefjäll, PhD, Unit for
Bioentrepreneurship, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18 A, SE 171 77
Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lars Berg
- Diabetes Nurse, Medical Clinic, SÄS
Borås, Sweden
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15
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Ladegaard-Pedersen P, Sabatini S, Frei R, Kristiansen K, Frei KM. Testing Late Bronze Age mobility in southern Sweden in the light of a new multi-proxy strontium isotope baseline of Scania. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250279. [PMID: 33882110 PMCID: PMC8059841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bronze Age of Sweden’s southernmost region, Scania, is complex and intriguing. One could say that Scania represented in many ways a gateway for people, ideas and material culture connecting continental Europe with Sweden. Shedding light on the dynamics of human mobility in this region requires an in depth understanding of the local archaeological contexts across time. In this study, we present new archaeological human data from the Late Bronze Age Simris II site, located in an area of Scania showing a dynamic environment throughout the Late Bronze Age, thus likely involving various forms of mobility. Because the characterization of solid strontium isotope baselines is vital for delineating human mobility in prehistory using the strontium isotope methodology, we introduce the first environmentally based multi-proxy (surface water-, plant- and soil leachates) strontium isotope baselines for sub-regions of Scania. Our results show, that the highly complex and spatially scattered lithologies characterising Scania does not allow for a spatially meaningful, geology-based grouping of multi-proxy data that could be beneficial for provenance studies. Instead, we propose sub-regional baselines for areas that don’t necessarily fully correspond and reflect the immediate distribution of bedrock lithologies. Rather than working with a Scania-wide multi-proxy baseline, which we define as 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7133 ± 0.0059 (n = 102, 2σ), we propose sub-regional, multi-proxy baselines as follows: Area 1, farthest to the north, by 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7184 ± 0.0061 (n = 16, 2σ); Area 2, comprising the mid and western part of Scania, with 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7140 ± 0.0043 (n = 48, 2σ); Area 3–4, roughly corresponding to a NW-SE trending zone dominated by horst-graben tectonics across Scania, plus the carbonate dominated south western part of Scania with 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7110 ± 0.0030 (n = 39, 2σ). Our results also reflect that the complexity of the geology of Scania requires systematic, high density, statistically sound sampling of multiple proxies to adequately constrain the baseline ranges, particularly of those areas dominated by Precambrian lithologies. The averaging effect of biosphere Sr in surface water might be beneficial for the characterization of baselines in such terranes. Our sub-regional, area-specific baselines allow for a first comparison of different baseline construction strategies (single-proxy versus multi-proxy; Scania-wide versus sub-regional). From the Late Bronze Age Simris II site, we identified six individuals that could be analysed for Sr isotopes, to allow for an interpretation of their provenance using the newly established, environmental strontium isotope baselines. All but one signature agrees with the local baselines, including the 87Sr/86Sr value we measured for a young individual buried in a house urn, typically interpreted as evidence for long distance contacts. The results are somewhat unexpected and provides new aspects into the complexity of Scandinavian Bronze Age societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Sabatini
- Department of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Frei
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Kristiansen
- Department of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Globe Institute, Lundbeck Foundation, GeoGenetics Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Magnusson JP, Zamboni M, Santopolo G, Mold JE, Barrientos-Somarribas M, Talavera-Lopez C, Andersson B, Frisén J. Activation of a neural stem cell transcriptional program in parenchymal astrocytes. eLife 2020; 9:e59733. [PMID: 32744501 PMCID: PMC7440914 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neural stem cells, located in discrete brain regions, generate new neurons throughout life. These stem cells are specialized astrocytes, but astrocytes in other brain regions do not generate neurons under physiological conditions. After stroke, however, striatal astrocytes undergo neurogenesis in mice, triggered by decreased Notch signaling. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize neurogenesis by Notch-depleted striatal astrocytes in vivo. Striatal astrocytes were located upstream of neural stem cells in the neuronal lineage. As astrocytes initiated neurogenesis, they became transcriptionally very similar to subventricular zone stem cells, progressing through a near-identical neurogenic program. Surprisingly, in the non-neurogenic cortex, Notch-depleted astrocytes also initiated neurogenesis. Yet, these cortical astrocytes, and many striatal ones, stalled before entering transit-amplifying divisions. Infusion of epidermal growth factor enabled stalled striatal astrocytes to resume neurogenesis. We conclude that parenchymal astrocytes are latent neural stem cells and that targeted interventions can guide them through their neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens P Magnusson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Margherita Zamboni
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Giuseppe Santopolo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Jeff E Mold
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | | | | | - Björn Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Jonas Frisén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
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Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The association between pubertal timing and type 2 diabetes, independent of prepubertal BMI, is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between pubertal timing and risk of adult type 2 diabetes, independent of prepubertal BMI, in Swedish men. METHODS We included 30,697 men who had data for BMI at age 8 and 20 years and age at Peak Height Velocity (PHV), an objective assessment of pubertal timing, available from the BMI Epidemiology Study Gothenburg (BEST Gothenburg), Sweden. Information on type 2 diabetes (n = 1851) was retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated by Cox regression analysis. We observed violations of the assumption of proportional hazards for the association between age at PHV and the risk of type 2 diabetes and therefore split the follow-up period at the median age of type 2 diabetes diagnosis (57.2 years of age) to define early (≤57.2 years) and late (>57.2 years) type 2 diabetes diagnosis. RESULTS Age at PHV was inversely associated with both early (HR 1.28 per year decrease in age at PHV, 95% CI 1.21, 1.36) and late (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06, 1.19) type 2 diabetes. After adjustment for childhood BMI, the associations between age at PHV and both early (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17, 1.31) and late (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05, 1.17) type 2 diabetes were similar. Moreover, early age at PHV predicted insulin treatment of type 2 diabetes (OR 1.25 per year decrease in age at PHV, 95% CI 1.17, 1.33). Assuming a higher risk among those with an age at PHV below the median, the population attributable factor indicates that 15% fewer of the diagnosed individuals would have developed type 2 diabetes had they not reached puberty early. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings indicate that early puberty may be a novel independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Klinfarmlab, Vita Stråket 11, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Bygdell
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Klinfarmlab, Vita Stråket 11, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Klinfarmlab, Vita Stråket 11, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny M Kindblom
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Klinfarmlab, Vita Stråket 11, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes for unresolved reasons acute respiratory distress syndrome in vulnerable individuals. There is a need to identify key pathogenic molecules in COVID-19-associated inflammation attainable to target with existing therapeutic compounds. The endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule HMGB1 initiates inflammation via two separate pathways. Disulfide-HMGB1 triggers TLR4 receptors generating pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Extracellular HMGB1, released from dying cells or secreted by activated innate immunity cells, forms complexes with extracellular DNA, RNA and other DAMP or pathogen-associated molecular (DAMP) molecules released after lytic cell death. These complexes are endocytosed via RAGE, constitutively expressed at high levels in the lungs only, and transported to the endolysosomal system, which is disrupted by HMGB1 at high concentrations. Danger molecules thus get access to cytosolic proinflammatory receptors instigating inflammasome activation. It is conceivable that extracellular SARS-CoV-2 RNA may reach the cellular cytosol via HMGB1-assisted transfer combined with lysosome leakage. Extracellular HMGB1 generally exists in vivo bound to other molecules, including PAMPs and DAMPs. It is plausible that these complexes are specifically removed in the lungs revealed by a 40% reduction of HMGB1 plasma levels in arterial versus venous blood. Abundant pulmonary RAGE expression enables endocytosis of danger molecules to be destroyed in the lysosomes at physiological HMGB1 levels, but causing detrimental inflammasome activation at high levels. Stress induces apoptosis in pulmonary endothelial cells from females but necrosis in cells from males. CONCLUSION Based on these observations we propose extracellular HMGB1 to be considered as a therapeutic target for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William Ottestad
- Air Ambulance department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, 11030 USA
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
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Tsikourkitoudi V, Karlsson J, Merkl P, Loh E, Henriques-Normark B, Sotiriou GA. Flame-Made Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles with High Drug Loading for Delivery of Biologics. Molecules 2020; 25:E1747. [PMID: 32290273 PMCID: PMC7181047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles exhibit potential as drug carriers in biomedicine due to their high surface-to-volume ratio that allows for facile drug loading. Nanosized drug delivery systems have been proposed for the delivery of biologics facilitating their transport across epithelial layers and maintaining their stability against proteolytic degradation. Here, we capitalize on a nanomanufacturing process famous for its scalability and reproducibility, flame spray pyrolysis, and produce calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles with tailored properties. The as-prepared nanoparticles are loaded with bovine serum albumin (model protein) and bradykinin (model peptide) by physisorption and the physicochemical parameters influencing their loading capacity are investigated. Furthermore, we implement the developed protocol by formulating CaP nanoparticles loaded with the LL-37 antimicrobial peptide, which is a biological drug currently involved in clinical trials. High loading values along with high reproducibility are achieved. Moreover, it is shown that CaP nanoparticles protect LL-37 from proteolysis in vitro. We also demonstrate that LL-37 retains its antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae when loaded on nanoparticles in vitro. Therefore, we highlight the potential of nanocarriers for optimization of the therapeutic profile of existing and emerging biological drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsikourkitoudi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.T.); (J.K.); (P.M.); (E.L.); (B.H.-N.)
| | - Jens Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.T.); (J.K.); (P.M.); (E.L.); (B.H.-N.)
| | - Padryk Merkl
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.T.); (J.K.); (P.M.); (E.L.); (B.H.-N.)
| | - Edmund Loh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.T.); (J.K.); (P.M.); (E.L.); (B.H.-N.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKC) and Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Birgitta Henriques-Normark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.T.); (J.K.); (P.M.); (E.L.); (B.H.-N.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKC) and Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.T.); (J.K.); (P.M.); (E.L.); (B.H.-N.)
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20
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Keskin I, Forsgren E, Lehmann M, Andersen PM, Brännström T, Lange DJ, Synofzik M, Nordström U, Zetterström P, Marklund SL, Gilthorpe JD. The molecular pathogenesis of superoxide dismutase 1-linked ALS is promoted by low oxygen tension. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:85-101. [PMID: 30863976 PMCID: PMC6570705 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Disease pathogenesis is linked to destabilization, disorder and aggregation of the SOD1 protein. However, the non-genetic factors that promote disorder and the subsequent aggregation of SOD1 have not been studied. Mainly located to the reducing cytosol, mature SOD1 contains an oxidized disulfide bond that is important for its stability. Since O2 is required for formation of the bond, we reasoned that low O2 tension might be a risk factor for the pathological changes associated with ALS development. By combining biochemical approaches in an extensive range of genetically distinct patient-derived cell lines, we show that the disulfide bond is an Achilles heel of the SOD1 protein. Culture of patient-derived fibroblasts, astrocytes, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mixed motor neuron and astrocyte cultures (MNACs) under low O2 tensions caused reductive bond cleavage and increases in disordered SOD1. The effects were greatest in cells derived from patients carrying ALS-linked mutations in SOD1. However, significant increases also occurred in wild-type SOD1 in cultures derived from non-disease controls, and patients carrying mutations in other common ALS-linked genes. Compared to fibroblasts, MNACs showed far greater increases in SOD1 disorder and even aggregation of mutant SOD1s, in line with the vulnerability of the motor system to SOD1-mediated neurotoxicity. Our results show for the first time that O2 tension is a principal determinant of SOD1 stability in human patient-derived cells. Furthermore, we provide a mechanism by which non-genetic risk factors for ALS, such as aging and other conditions causing reduced vascular perfusion, could promote disease initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isil Keskin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Forsgren
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Manuela Lehmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Brännström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dale J Lange
- Department of Neurology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrika Nordström
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Zetterström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan L Marklund
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jonathan D Gilthorpe
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
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21
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Vosough M, Ravaioli F, Zabulica M, Capri M, Garagnani P, Franceschi C, Piccand J, Kraus MRC, Kannisto K, Gramignoli R, Strom SC. Applying hydrodynamic pressure to efficiently generate induced pluripotent stem cells via reprogramming of centenarian skin fibroblasts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215490. [PMID: 31022207 PMCID: PMC6483185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-technology is an important platform in medicine and disease modeling. Physiological degeneration and disease onset are common occurrences in the aging population. iPSCs could offer regenerative medical options for age-related degeneration and disease in the elderly. However, reprogramming somatic cells from the elderly is inefficient when successful at all. Perhaps due to their low rates of replication in culture, traditional transduction and reprogramming approaches with centenarian fibroblasts met with little success. A simple and reproducible reprogramming process is reported here which enhances interactions of the cells with the viral vectors that leads to improved iPSC generation. The improved methods efficiently generates fully reprogrammed iPSC lines from 105–107 years old subjects in feeder-free conditions using an episomal, Sendai-Virus (SeV) reprogramming vector expressing four reprogramming factors. In conclusion, dermal fibroblasts from human subjects older than 100 years can be efficiently and reproducibly reprogrammed to fully pluripotent cells with minor modifications to the standard reprogramming procedures. Efficient generation of iPSCs from the elderly may provide a source of cells for the regeneration of tissues and organs with autologous cells as well as cellular models for the study of aging, longevity and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Francesco Ravaioli
- University of Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mihaela Zabulica
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miriam Capri
- University of Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna, Italy
- CIG, Interdepartmental Center ‘L. Galvani’, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- University of Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna, Italy
- CIG, Interdepartmental Center ‘L. Galvani’, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- CNR, Institute of Molecular Genetics, IGM, Unit. Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- University of Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Julie Piccand
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Stem Cells, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Kristina Kannisto
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen C. Strom
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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22
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Hård J, Al Hakim E, Kindblom M, Björklund ÅK, Sennblad B, Demirci I, Paterlini M, Reu P, Borgström E, Ståhl PL, Michaelsson J, Mold JE, Frisén J. Conbase: a software for unsupervised discovery of clonal somatic mutations in single cells through read phasing. Genome Biol 2019; 20:68. [PMID: 30935387 PMCID: PMC6444814 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate variant calling and genotyping represent major limiting factors for downstream applications of single-cell genomics. Here, we report Conbase for the identification of somatic mutations in single-cell DNA sequencing data. Conbase leverages phased read data from multiple samples in a dataset to achieve increased confidence in somatic variant calls and genotype predictions. Comparing the performance of Conbase to three other methods, we find that Conbase performs best in terms of false discovery rate and specificity and provides superior robustness on simulated data, in vitro expanded fibroblasts and clonal lymphocyte populations isolated directly from a healthy human donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Hård
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Ezeddin Al Hakim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marie Kindblom
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Åsa K Björklund
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Scilifelab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Scilifelab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ilke Demirci
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marta Paterlini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Pedro Reu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Erik Borgström
- Division of Gene Technology, Scilifelab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Patrik L Ståhl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jakob Michaelsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jeff E Mold
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jonas Frisén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
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23
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Cicognola C, Brinkmalm G, Wahlgren J, Portelius E, Gobom J, Cullen NC, Hansson O, Parnetti L, Constantinescu R, Wildsmith K, Chen HH, Beach TG, Lashley T, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Höglund K. Novel tau fragments in cerebrospinal fluid: relation to tangle pathology and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:279-296. [PMID: 30547227 PMCID: PMC6514201 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tau is an axonal microtubule-binding protein. Tau pathology in brain and increased tau concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Most of tau in CSF is present as fragments. We immunoprecipitated tau from CSF and identified several endogenous peptides ending at amino acid (aa) 123 or 224 using high-resolution mass spectrometry. We raised neo-epitope-specific antibodies against tau fragments specifically ending at aa 123 and 224, respectively. With these antibodies, we performed immunohistochemistry on brain tissue and designed immunoassays measuring N-123, N-224, and x-224 tau. Immunoassays were applied to soluble brain fractions from pathologically confirmed subjects (81 AD patients, 33 controls), CSF from three cross-sectional and two longitudinal cohorts (a total of 133 AD, 38 MCI, 20 MCI-AD, 31 PSP, 15 CBS patients, and 91 controls), and neuronally- and peripherally-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs and PDEVs, respectively) in serum from four AD patients and four controls. Anti-tau 224 antibody stained neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads, while anti-tau 123 only showed weak cytoplasmic staining in AD. N-224 tau was lower in the AD soluble brain fraction compared to controls, while N-123 tau showed similar levels. N-224 tau was higher in AD compared to controls in all CSF cohorts (p < 0.001), but not N-123 tau. Decrease in cognitive performance and conversion from MCI to AD were associated with increased baseline CSF levels of N-224 tau (p < 0.0001). N-224 tau concentrations in PSP and CBS were significantly lower than in AD (p < 0.0001) and did not correlate to t-tau and p-tau. In a longitudinal cohort, CSF N-224 tau levels were stable over 6 months, with no significant effect of treatment with AChE inhibitors. N-224 tau was present in NDEVs, while N-123 tau showed comparable concentrations in both vesicle types. We suggest that N-123 tau is produced both in CNS and PNS and represents a general marker of tau metabolism, while N-224 tau is neuron-specific, present in the tangles, secreted in CSF, and upregulated in AD, suggesting a link between tau cleavage and propagation, tangle pathology, and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cicognola
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jessica Wahlgren
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johan Gobom
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas C Cullen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Department of Medicine, Center for Memory Disturbances, Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Radu Constantinescu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Neurology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristin Wildsmith
- Biomarker Development Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hsu-Hsin Chen
- Biomarker Discovery Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kina Höglund
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Kvartsberg H, Lashley T, Murray CE, Brinkmalm G, Cullen NC, Höglund K, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Portelius E. The intact postsynaptic protein neurogranin is reduced in brain tissue from patients with familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:89-102. [PMID: 30244311 PMCID: PMC6338696 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1910-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic degeneration and neuronal loss are early events in Alzheimer's disease (AD), occurring long before symptom onset, thus making synaptic biomarkers relevant for enabling early diagnosis. The postsynaptic protein neurogranin (Ng) is a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker for AD, also in the prodromal phase. Here we tested the hypothesis that during AD neurodegeneration, processing of full-length Ng into endogenous peptides in the brain is increased. We characterized Ng in post-mortem brain tissue and investigated the levels of endogenous Ng peptides in relation to full-length protein in brain tissue of patients with sporadic (sAD) and familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD), healthy controls and individuals who were cognitively unaffected but amyloid-positive (CU-AP) in two different brain regions. Brain tissue from parietal cortex [sAD (n = 10) and age-matched controls (n = 10)] and temporal cortex [sAD (n = 9), fAD (n = 10), CU-AP (n = 13) and controls (n = 9)] were included and all the samples were analyzed by three different methods. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 39 endogenous Ng peptides were identified while full-length Ng was found to be modified including disulfide bridges or glutathione. In sAD parietal cortex, the ratio of peptide-to-total full-length Ng was significantly increased for eight endogenous Ng peptides compared to controls. In the temporal cortex, several of the peptide-to-total full-length Ng ratios were increased in both sAD and fAD cases compared to controls and CU-AP. This finding was confirmed by western blot, which mainly detects full-length Ng, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, most likely detecting a mix of peptides and full-length Ng. In addition, Ng was significantly associated with the degree of amyloid and tau pathology. These results suggest that processing of Ng into peptides is increased in AD brain tissue, which may reflect the ongoing synaptic degeneration, and which is also mirrored as increased levels of Ng peptides in CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hlin Kvartsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Christina E Murray
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas C Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kina Höglund
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Disease Research, Neurogeriatrics Division, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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25
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Vogt NM, Romano KA, Darst BF, Engelman CD, Johnson SC, Carlsson CM, Asthana S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Bendlin BB, Rey FE. The gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide is elevated in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2018; 10:124. [PMID: 30579367 PMCID: PMC6303862 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a small molecule produced by the metaorganismal metabolism of dietary choline, has been implicated in human disease pathogenesis, including known risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as metabolic, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular disease. METHODS In this study, we tested whether TMAO is linked to AD by examining TMAO levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from a large sample (n = 410) of individuals with Alzheimer's clinical syndrome (n = 40), individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 35), and cognitively-unimpaired individuals (n = 335). Linear regression analyses were used to determine differences in CSF TMAO between groups (controlling for age, sex, and APOE ε4 genotype), as well as to determine relationships between CSF TMAO and CSF biomarkers of AD (phosphorylated tau and beta-amyloid) and neuronal degeneration (total tau, neurogranin, and neurofilament light chain protein). RESULTS CSF TMAO is higher in individuals with MCI and AD dementia compared to cognitively-unimpaired individuals, and elevated CSF TMAO is associated with biomarkers of AD pathology (phosphorylated tau and phosphorylated tau/Aβ42) and neuronal degeneration (total tau and neurofilament light chain protein). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide additional insight into gut microbial involvement in AD and add to the growing understanding of the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Vogt
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
| | - Kymberleigh A. Romano
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
- Present Address: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Burcu F. Darst
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI USA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
| | - Federico E. Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
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Miskinyte G, Grønning Hansen M, Monni E, Lam M, Bengzon J, Lindvall O, Ahlenius H, Kokaia Z. Transcription factor programming of human ES cells generates functional neurons expressing both upper and deep layer cortical markers. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204688. [PMID: 30307948 PMCID: PMC6181302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neurodegenerative disorders affect specific types of cortical neurons. Efficient protocols for the generation of such neurons for cell replacement, disease modeling and drug screening are highly warranted. Current methods for the production of cortical neurons from human embryonic stem (ES) cells are often time-consuming and inefficient, and the functional properties of the generated cells have been incompletely characterized. Here we have used transcription factor (TF) programming with the aim to induce rapid differentiation of human ES cells to layer-specific cortical neurons (hES-iNs). Three different combinations of TFs, NEUROGENIN 2 (NGN2) only, NGN2 plus Forebrain Embryonic Zinc Finger-Like Protein 2 (FEZF2), and NGN2 plus Special AT-Rich Sequence-Binding Protein 2 (SATB2), were delivered to human ES cells by lentiviral vectors. We observed only subtle differences between the TF combinations, which all gave rise to the formation of pyramidal-shaped cells, morphologically resembling adult human cortical neurons expressing cortical projection neuron (PN) markers and with mature electrophysiological properties. Using ex vivo transplantation to human organotypic cultures, we found that the hES-iNs could integrate into adult human cortical networks. We obtained no evidence that the hES-iNs had acquired a distinct cortical layer phenotype. Instead, our single-cell data showed that the hES-iNs, similar to fetal human cortical neurons, expressed both upper and deep layer cortical neuronal markers. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that TF programming can direct human ES cells towards cortical neurons but that the generated cells are transcriptionally profiled to generate both upper and deep layer cortical neurons. Therefore, most likely additional cues will be needed if these cells should adopt a specific cortical layer and area identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedre Miskinyte
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Emanuela Monni
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matti Lam
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Lindvall
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ahlenius
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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27
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Portelius E, Olsson B, Höglund K, Cullen NC, Kvartsberg H, Andreasson U, Zetterberg H, Sandelius Å, Shaw LM, Lee VMY, Irwin DJ, Grossman M, Weintraub D, Chen-Plotkin A, Wolk DA, McCluskey L, Elman L, McBride J, Toledo JB, Trojanowski JQ, Blennow K. Cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin concentration in neurodegeneration: relation to clinical phenotypes and neuropathology. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:363-376. [PMID: 29700597 PMCID: PMC6096740 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1851-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurogranin (Ng) is a post-synaptic protein that previously has been shown to be a biomarker for synaptic function when measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF concentration of Ng is increased in Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD), and even in the pre-dementia stage. In this prospective study, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that quantifies Ng in CSF to test the performance of Ng as a marker of synaptic function. In 915 patients, CSF Ng was evaluated across several different neurodegenerative diseases. Of these 915 patients, 116 had a neuropathologically confirmed definitive diagnosis and the relation between CSF Ng and topographical distribution of different pathologies in the brain was evaluated. CSF Ng was specifically increased in ADD compared to eight other neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (p < 0.0001), frontotemporal dementia (p < 0.0001), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (p = 0.0002). Similar results were obtained in neuropathologically confirmed cases. Using a biomarker index to evaluate whether CSF Ng contributed diagnostic information to the core AD CSF biomarkers (amyloid β (Aβ), t-tau, and p-tau), we show that Ng significantly increased the discrimination between AD and several other disorders. Higher CSF Ng levels were positively associated with greater Aβ neuritic plaque (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) neuritic plaque score, p = 0.0002) and tau tangle pathology (Braak neurofibrillary tangles staging, p = 0.0007) scores. In the hippocampus and amygdala, two brain regions heavily affected in ADD with high expression of Ng, CSF Ng was associated with plaque (p = 0.0006 and p < 0.0001), but not with tangle, α-synuclein, or TAR DNA-binding protein 43 loads. These data support that CSF Ng is increased specifically in ADD, that high CSF Ng concentrations likely reflect synaptic dysfunction and that CSF Ng is associated with β-amyloid plaque pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Bob Olsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kina Höglund
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas C Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Åsa Sandelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alice Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leo McCluskey
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Elman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer McBride
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jon B Toledo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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Preston C, Ehrsson HH. Implicit and explicit changes in body satisfaction evoked by body size illusions: Implications for eating disorder vulnerability in women. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199426. [PMID: 29928005 PMCID: PMC6013093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissatisfaction with one's body is a widespread issue in modern society and has been linked to vulnerability for developing eating disorders. Recent studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between body perception and body satisfaction by manipulating perceived body size using multisensory body illusions. However, how these body size illusions influence implicit affective experience has not previously been examined. The current experiment used an established full-body ownership illusion paradigm to induce feelings of illusory obesity in male and female participants. The effects of illusory obesity on explicit and implicit body satisfaction were measured in naïve participants across two separate experiments. In terms of explicit measures, owning an obese body decreased body satisfaction, and owning a slimmer body increased body satisfaction in females but not in males. However, implicit feelings regarding the body were only influenced by the synchrony of the touch and not the size of the body in the illusion. These results suggest that implicit and explicit affective experiences of the body may be mediated by different factors. In addition, these findings may have clinical implications because both implicit and explicit changes in affective experience of the body were related to behaviours and thoughts associated with disordered eating in a non-clinical sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Preston
- Psychology Department, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - H. Henrik Ehrsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bergman L, Zetterberg H, Kaihola H, Hagberg H, Blennow K, Åkerud H. Blood-based cerebral biomarkers in preeclampsia: Plasma concentrations of NfL, tau, S100B and NSE during pregnancy in women who later develop preeclampsia - A nested case control study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196025. [PMID: 29719006 PMCID: PMC5931625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate if concentrations of the neuronal proteins neurofilament light chain and tau are changed in women developing preeclampsia and to evaluate the ability of a combination of neurofilament light chain, tau, S100B and neuron specific enolase in identifying neurologic impairment before diagnosis of preeclampsia. Methods A nested case-control study within a longitudinal study cohort was performed. 469 healthy pregnant women were enrolled between 2004–2007 and plasma samples were collected at gestational weeks 10, 25, 28, 33 and 37. Plasma concentrations of tau and neurofilament light chain were analyzed in 16 women who eventually developed preeclampsia and 36 controls throughout pregnancy with single molecule array (Simoa) method and compared within and between groups. S100B and NSE had been analyzed previously in the same study population. A statistical model with receiving characteristic operation curve was constructed with the four biomarkers combined. Results Plasma concentrations of neurofilament light chain were significantly increased in women who developed preeclampsia in gestational week 33 (11.85 ng/L, IQR 7.48–39.93 vs 6.80 ng/L, IQR 5.65–11.40) and 37 (22.15 ng/L, IQR 10.93–35.30 vs 8.40 ng/L, IQR 6.40–14.30) and for tau in gestational week 37 (4.33 ng/L, IQR 3.97–12.83 vs 3.77 ng/L, IQR 1.91–5.25) in contrast to healthy controls. A combined model for preeclampsia with tau, neurofilament light chain, S100B and neuron specific enolase in gestational week 25 displayed an area under the curve of 0.77, in week 28 it was 0.75, in week 33 it was 0.89 and in week 37 it was 0.83. Median week for diagnosis of preeclampsia was at 38 weeks of gestation. Conclusion Concentrations of both tau and neurofilament light chain are increased in the end of pregnancy in women developing preeclampsia in contrast to healthy pregnancies. Cerebral biomarkers might reflect cerebral involvement before onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Bergman
- Department for Women’s and Children’s health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research, Falun, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Kaihola
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Perinatal Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Helena Åkerud
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Das P, Ji B, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Bäckhed F, Nielsen J. In vitro co-cultures of human gut bacterial species as predicted from co-occurrence network analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195161. [PMID: 29601608 PMCID: PMC5877883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Network analysis of large metagenomic datasets generated by current sequencing technologies can reveal significant co-occurrence patterns between microbial species of a biological community. These patterns can be analyzed in terms of pairwise combinations between all species comprising a community. Here, we construct a co-occurrence network for abundant microbial species encompassing the three dominant phyla found in human gut. This was followed by an in vitro evaluation of the predicted microbe-microbe co-occurrences, where we chose species pairs Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, as well as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia inulinivorans as model organisms for our study. We then delineate the outcome of the co-cultures when equal distributions of resources were provided. The growth behavior of the co-culture was found to be dependent on the types of microbial species present, their specific metabolic activities, and resulting changes in the culture environment. Through this reductionist approach and using novel in vitro combinations of microbial species under anaerobic conditions, the results of this work will aid in the understanding and design of synthetic community formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Promi Das
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE, Sweden
| | - Boyang Ji
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE, Sweden
| | - Petia Kovatcheva-Datchary
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes increase worldwide at an epidemic rate. It is expected that by the year 2030 around 500 million people will have diabetes; predominantly type 2 diabetes. The CCN family of proteins has become of interest in both metabolic and other common human diseases because of their effects on mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) proliferation and differentiation as well as being important regulators of fibrosis. We here review current knowledge of the WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2 (CCN5/WISP2). It has been shown to be an important regulator of both these processes through effects on both the canonical WNT and the TGFβ pathways. It is also under normal regulation by the adipogenic commitment factor BMP4, in contrast to conventional canonical WNT ligands, and allows MSCs to undergo normal adipose cell differentiation. CCN5/WISP2 is highly expressed in, and secreted by, MSCs and is an important regulator of MSCs growth. In a transgenic mouse model overexpressing CCN5/WISP2 in the adipose tissue, we have shown that it is secreted and circulating in the blood, the mice develop hypercellular white and brown adipose tissue, have increased lean body mass and enlarged hypercellular hearts. Obese transgenic mice had improved insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, the anti-fibrotic effect of CCN5/WISP2 is protective against heart failure by inhibition of the TGFβ pathway. Understanding how CCN5/WISP2 is regulated and signals is important and may be useful for developing new treatment strategies in obesity and metabolic diseases and it can also be a target in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Grünberg
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Johannes Elvin
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Paul
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shahram Hedjazifar
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Hammarstedt
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Smith
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Laterza C, Uoshima N, Tornero D, Wilhelmsson U, Stokowska A, Ge R, Pekny M, Lindvall O, Kokaia Z. Attenuation of reactive gliosis in stroke-injured mouse brain does not affect neurogenesis from grafted human iPSC-derived neural progenitors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192118. [PMID: 29401502 PMCID: PMC5798785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or their progeny, derived from human somatic cells, can give rise to functional improvements after intracerebral transplantation in animal models of stroke. Previous studies have indicated that reactive gliosis, which is associated with stroke, inhibits neurogenesis from both endogenous and grafted neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) of rodent origin. Here we have assessed whether reactive astrocytes affect the fate of human iPSC-derived NSPCs transplanted into stroke-injured brain. Mice with genetically attenuated reactive gliosis (deficient for GFAP and vimentin) were subjected to cortical stroke and cells were implanted adjacent to the ischemic lesion one week later. At 8 weeks after transplantation, immunohistochemical analysis showed that attenuated reactive gliosis did not affect neurogenesis or commitment towards glial lineage of the grafted NSPCs. Our findings, obtained in a human-to-mouse xenograft experiment, provide evidence that the reactive gliosis in stroke-injured brain does not affect the formation of new neurons from intracortically grafted human iPSC-derived NSPCs. However, for a potential clinical translation of these cells in stroke, it will be important to clarify whether the lack of effect of reactive gliosis on neurogenesis is observed also in a human-to-human experimental setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Laterza
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Stem Cells & Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Naomi Uoshima
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Stem Cells & Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Tornero
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Stem Cells & Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Wilhelmsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Stokowska
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Laboratory of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Repair, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruimin Ge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Stem Cells & Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Milos Pekny
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olle Lindvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Stem Cells & Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Stem Cells & Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Skov J, Höijer J, Magnusson PKE, Ludvigsson JF, Kämpe O, Bensing S. Heritability of Addison's disease and prevalence of associated autoimmunity in a cohort of 112,100 Swedish twins. Endocrine 2017; 58:521-527. [PMID: 29039147 PMCID: PMC5693969 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathophysiology behind autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is poorly understood, and the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors remains unclear. In this study, we examined the heritability of AAD and explored disease-associated autoimmune comorbidity among Swedish twins. METHODS A population-based longitudinal cohort of 112,100 Swedish twins was used to calculate the heritability of AAD, and to explore co-occurrence of 10 organ-specific autoimmune disorders in twin pairs with AAD. Diagnoses were collected 1964-2012 through linkage to the Swedish National Patient Register. The Swedish Prescribed Drug Register was used for additional diagnostic precision. When available, biobank serum samples were used to ascertain the AAD diagnosis through identification of 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies. RESULTS We identified 29 twins with AAD. Five out of nine (5/9) monozygotic pairs and zero out of fifteen (0/15) dizygotic pairs were concordant for AAD. The probandwise concordance for monozygotic twins was 0.71 (95% CI 0.40-0.90) and the heritability 0.97 (95% CI 0.88-99). Autoimmune disease patterns of monozygotic twin pairs affected by AAD displayed a higher degree of similarity than those of dizygotic twins, with an incidence rate ratio of 15 (95% CI 1.8-116) on the number of shared autoimmune diagnoses within pairs. CONCLUSIONS The heritability of AAD appears to be very high, emphasizing the need for further research on the genetic etiology of the disease. Monozygotic twin concordance for multiple autoimmune manifestations suggests strong genetic influence on disease specificity in organ-specific autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Skov
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Höijer
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Kämpe
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophie Bensing
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
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34
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Glenngård AH, Anell A. Does increased standardisation in health care mean less responsiveness towards individual patients' expectations? A register-based study in Swedish primary care. SAGE Open Med 2017; 5:2050312117704862. [PMID: 28491311 PMCID: PMC5405878 DOI: 10.1177/2050312117704862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explore whether standardisation in health care based on evidence on group level and a public health perspective is in conflict with responsiveness towards individual patient's expectations in Swedish primary care. METHODS Using regression analysis, we study the association between patient views about providers' responsiveness and indicators reflecting provider's adherence to evidence-based guidelines, controlled for characteristics related to providers, including patient mix and degree of competition facing providers. Data were taken from two Swedish regions in years 2012 and 2013. RESULTS Patients' views about responsiveness are positively correlated with variables reflecting provider's adherence to evidence-based guidelines regarding treatment of elderly and risk groups, drug reviews and prescription of antibiotics. A high overall illness, private ownership and a high proportion of all visits being with a doctor are positively associated with patient views about responsiveness. The opposite relation was found for a high social deprivation among enrolled individuals and size of practice. There was no systematic variation with respect to the degree of competition facing providers. CONCLUSION Results suggest that responsiveness towards individual patient expectations is compatible with increased standardisation in health care. This is encouraging for health care providers as they are challenged to balance increased demands from both patients and payers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders Anell
- School of Economics and Management, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Ward LJ, Ljunggren SA, Karlsson H, Li W, Yuan XM. Exposure to atheroma-relevant 7-oxysterols causes proteomic alterations in cell death, cellular longevity, and lipid metabolism in THP-1 macrophages. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174475. [PMID: 28350877 PMCID: PMC5370125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The 7-oxysterols are recognised as strong enhancers of inflammatory processes in foamy macrophages. Atheroma-relevant 7-oxysterol mixtures induce a mixed type of cell death in macrophages, and trigger cellular oxidative stress responses, which mimic oxidative exposures observed in atherosclerotic lesions. However, the macrophage proteome has not previously been determined in the 7-oxysterol treated cell model. The aim of the present study was to determine the specific effects of an atheroma-relevant 7-oxysterol mixture on human macrophage proteome. Human THP-1 macrophages were exposed to an atheroma-relevant mixture of 7β-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry techniques were used to analyse the alterations in macrophage proteome, which resulted in the identification of 19 proteins with significant differential expression upon oxysterol loading; 8 increased and 11 decreased. The expression patterns of 11 out of 19 identified significant proteins were further confirmed by tandem-mass spectrometry, including further validation of increased histone deacetylase 2 and macrophage scavenger receptor types I and II expressions by western blot analysis. Identified proteins with differential expression in the cell model have been associated with i) signalling imbalance in cell death and cellular longevity; ii) lipid uptake and metabolism in foam cells; and iii) inflammatory proteins. The presented findings highlight a new proteomic platform for further studies into the functional roles of macrophages in atherosclerosis, and present a cell model for future studies to modulate the macrophage proteome by potential anti-atherosclerotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J. Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail: (LJW); (X-MY)
| | - Stefan A. Ljunggren
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Helen Karlsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xi-Ming Yuan
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail: (LJW); (X-MY)
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Gallini R, Huusko J, Ylä-Herttuala S, Betsholtz C, Andrae J. Isoform-Specific Modulation of Inflammation Induced by Adenoviral Mediated Delivery of Platelet-Derived Growth Factors in the Adult Mouse Heart. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160930. [PMID: 27513343 PMCID: PMC4981378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are key regulators of mesenchymal cells in vertebrate development. To what extent PDGFs also exert beneficial homeostatic or reparative roles in adult organs, as opposed to adverse fibrogenic responses in pathology, are unclear. PDGF signaling plays critical roles during heart development, during which forced overexpression of PDGFs induces detrimental cardiac fibrosis; other studies have implicated PDGF signaling in post-infarct myocardial repair. Different PDGFs may exert different effects mediated through the two PDGF receptors (PDGFRα and PDGFRβ) in different cell types. Here, we assessed responses induced by five known PDGF isoforms in the adult mouse heart in the context of adenovirus vector-mediated inflammation. Our results show that different PDGFs have different, in some cases even opposing, effects. Strikingly, whereas the major PDGFRα agonists (PDGF-A and -C) decreased the amount of scar tissue and increased the numbers of PDGFRα-positive fibroblasts, PDGFRβ agonists either induced large scars with extensive inflammation (PDGF-B) or dampened the adenovirus-induced inflammation and produced a small and dense scar (PDGF-D). These results provide evidence for PDGF isoform-specific inflammation-modulating functions that may have therapeutic implications. They also illustrate a surprising complexity in the PDGF-mediated pathophysiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radiosa Gallini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenni Huusko
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Andrae
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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