1
|
Szymańska S, Deja-Sikora E, Sikora M, Niedojadło K, Mazur J, Hrynkiewicz K. Colonization of Raphanus sativus by human pathogenic microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1296372. [PMID: 38426059 PMCID: PMC10902717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1296372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Contamination of vegetables with human pathogenic microorganisms (HPMOs) is considered one of the most important problems in the food industry, as current nutritional guidelines include increased consumption of raw or minimally processed organic vegetables due to healthy lifestyle promotion. Vegetables are known to be potential vehicles for HPMOs and sources of disease outbreaks. In this study, we tested the susceptibility of radish (Raphanus sativus) to colonization by different HPMOs, including Escherichia coli PCM 2561, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica PCM 2565, Listeria monocytogenes PCM 2191 and Bacillus cereus PCM 1948. We hypothesized that host plant roots containing bactericidal compounds are less prone to HPMO colonization than shoots and leaves. We also determined the effect of selected pathogens on radish growth to check host plant-microbe interactions. We found that one-week-old radish is susceptible to colonization by selected HPMOs, as the presence of the tested HPMOs was demonstrated in all organs of R. sativus. The differences were noticed 2 weeks after inoculation because B. cereus was most abundant in roots (log10 CFU - 2.54), S. enterica was observed exclusively in stems (log10 CFU - 3.15), and L. monocytogenes and E. coli were most abundant in leaves (log10 CFU - 4.80 and 3.23, respectively). The results suggest that E. coli and L. monocytogenes show a higher ability to colonize and move across the plant than B. cereus and S. enterica. Based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) approach HPMOs were detected in extracellular matrix and in some individual cells of all analyzed organs. The presence of pathogens adversely affected the growth parameters of one-week-old R. sativus, especially leaf and stem fresh weight (decreased by 47-66 and 17-57%, respectively). In two-week-old plants, no reduction in plant biomass development was noted. This observation may result from plant adaptation to biotic stress caused by the presence of HPMOs, but confirmation of this assumption is needed. Among the investigated HPMOs, L. monocytogenes turned out to be the pathogen that most intensively colonized the aboveground part of R. sativus and at the same time negatively affected the largest number of radish growth parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Szymańska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Edyta Deja-Sikora
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marcin Sikora
- Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Niedojadło
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Justyna Mazur
- Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Samuditha PS, Adassooriya NM, Salim N. Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2024; 15:115-125. [PMID: 38293272 PMCID: PMC10825799 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The escalating release of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) into the environment poses a substantial threat, potentially leading to increased concentrations of zinc (Zn) in the soil and subsequent phytotoxic effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of ZnO NPs on Raphanus sativus (R. sativus) concerning its tolerance levels, toxicity, and accumulation. ZnO NPs were synthesized by the wet chemical method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of ZnO NPs (70 nm) on R. sativus grown in coir was evaluated. The application of 1,000 mg/L of ZnO NPs resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in soluble protein content, carbohydrates, chlorophyll a (Chl-a), chlorophyll b (Chl-b), total chlorophylls, carotenoids, and antioxidants by 24.7%, 58.5%, 38.0%, 42.2%, 39.9%, 11.2%, and 7.7%, respectively. Interestingly, this dose had no impact on the indole acetic acid (IAA) content. Conversely, the use of 2,000 mg/L of ZnO NPs in the same medium led to a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in soluble protein content by 23.1%, accompanied by a notable increase in IAA by 31.1%, indicating potential toxicity. The use of atomic absorption spectroscopy confirmed the internalization of zinc in seedlings, with a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05). In control plants without ZnO NPs, Zn concentration was 0.36 mg/g, while at the highest ZnO NPs tested dose of 10,000 mg/L, it significantly rose to 1.76 mg/g, causing leaf chlorosis and stunted seedling growth. This suggests potential health risks related to Zn toxicity for consumers. Given the adverse effects on R. sativus at concentrations above 1000 mg/L, caution is advised in the application and release of ZnO NPs, highlighting the importance of responsible practices to mitigate harm to plant life and consumer health. The study demonstrated the tolerance of R. sativus to high Zn levels, classifying it as a Zn-tolerant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Nazeera Salim
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park HY, Lim YJ, Jung M, Sathiyamoorthy S, Heo SH, Park B, Shin Y. Genome of Raphanus sativus L . Bakdal, an elite line of large cultivated Korean radish. Front Genet 2024; 15:1328050. [PMID: 38304338 PMCID: PMC10831357 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1328050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Han Yong Park
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-jin Lim
- Research and Development Center, Insilicogen Inc., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghee Jung
- Research and Development Center, Insilicogen Inc., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seong Ho Heo
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Breeding Research, DASAN Co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongjun Park
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Breeding Research, DASAN Co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Shin
- Research and Development Center, Insilicogen Inc., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee SW, Nugroho ABD, Park M, Moon H, Kim J, Kim DH. Identification of vernalization-related genes and cold memory element (CME) required for vernalization response in radish ( Raphanus sativus L.). Plant Mol Biol 2024; 114:5. [PMID: 38227117 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Floral transition is accelerated by exposure to long-term cold like winter in plants, which is called as vernalization. Acceleration of floral transition by vernalization is observed in a diversity of biennial and perennial plants including Brassicaceae family plants. Scientific efforts to understand molecular mechanism underlying vernalization-mediated floral transition have been intensively focused in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. To get a better understanding on floral transition by vernalization in radish (Raphanus sativus L.), we investigated transcriptomic changes taking place during vernalization in radish. Thousands of genes were differentially regulated along time course of vernalization compared to non-vernalization (NV) sample. Twelve major clusters of DEGs were identified based on distinctive expression profiles during vernalization. Radish FLC homologs were shown to exert an inhibition of floral transition when transformed into Arabidopsis plants. In addition, DNA region containing RY motifs located within a Raphanus sativus FLC homolog, RsFLC1 was found to be required for repression of RsFLC1 by vernalization. Transgenic plants harboring disrupted RY motifs were impaired in the enrichment of H3K27me3 on RsFLC1 chromatin, thus resulting in the delayed flowering in Arabidopsis. Taken together, we report transcriptomic profiles of radish during vernalization and demonstrate the requirement of RY motif for vernalization-mediated repression of RsFLC homologs in radish (Raphanus sativus L.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woo Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Heewon Moon
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pan X, Zheng Y, Lei K, Tao W, Zhou N. Systematic analysis of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) gene family in radish and potential roles in stress tolerance. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:2. [PMID: 38163888 PMCID: PMC10759535 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The 70 kD heat shock proteins (HSP70s) represent a class of molecular chaperones that are widely distributed in all kingdoms of life, which play important biological roles in plant growth, development, and stress resistance. However, this family has not been systematically characterized in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). In this study, we identified 34 RsHSP70 genes unevenly distributed within nine chromosomes of R. sativus. Phylogenetic and multiple sequence alignment analyses classified the RsHSP70 proteins into six distinct groups (Group A-F). The characteristics of gene structures, motif distributions, and corresponding cellular compartments were more similar in closely linked groups. Duplication analysis revealed that segmental duplication was the major driving force for the expansion of RsHSP70s in radish, particularly in Group C. Synteny analysis identified eight paralogs (Rs-Rs) in the radish genome and 19 orthologs (Rs-At) between radish and Arabidopsis, and 23 orthologs (Rs-Br) between radish and Chinese cabbage. RNA-seq analysis showed that the expression change of some RsHSP70s were related to responses to heat, drought, cadmium, chilling, and salt stresses and Plasmodiophora brassicae infection, and the expression patterns of these RsHSP70s were significantly different among 14 tissues. Furthermore, we targeted a candidate gene, RsHSP70-23, the product of which is localized in the cytoplasm and involved in the responses to certain abiotic stresses and P. brassicae infection. These findings provide a reference for further molecular studies to improve yield and stress tolerance of radish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Pan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization for Special Crops Germplasm Resources in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Vegetable and Flower Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization for Special Crops Germplasm Resources in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Kairong Lei
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization for Special Crops Germplasm Resources in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Weilin Tao
- Vegetable and Flower Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Na Zhou
- Vegetable and Flower Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China.
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization for Special Crops Germplasm Resources in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Chongqing, 401329, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yimam M, Horm T, Cai S, O’Neal A, Jiao P, Hong M, Tea T, Jia Q. Discovery of Transfer Factors in Plant-Derived Proteins and an In Vitro Assessment of Their Immunological Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:7961. [PMID: 38138452 PMCID: PMC10745390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated exposure to pathogens leads to evolutionary selection of adaptive traits. Many species transfer immunological memory to their offspring to counteract future immune challenges. Transfer factors such as those found in the colostrum are among the many mechanisms where transfer of immunologic memory from one generation to the next can be achieved for an enhanced immune response. Here, a library of 100 plants with high protein contents was screened to find plant-based proteins that behave like a transfer factor moiety to boost human immunity. Aqueous extracts from candidate plants were tested in a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cytotoxicity assay using human cancerous lymphoblast cells-with K562 cells as a target and natural killer cells as an effector. Plant extracts that caused PBMCs to exhibit enhanced killing beyond the capability of the colostrum-based transfer factor were considered hits. Primary screening yielded an 11% hit rate. The protein contents of these hits were tested via a Bradford assay and Coomassie-stained SDS-PAGE, where three extracts were confirmed to have high protein contents. Plants with high protein contents underwent C18 column fractionation using methanol gradients followed by membrane ultrafiltration to isolate protein fractions with molecular weights of <3 kDa, 3-30 kDa, and >30 kDa. It was found that the 3-30 kDa and >30 kDa fractions had high activity in the PBMC cytotoxicity assay. The 3-30 kDa ultrafiltrates from the top two hits, seeds from Raphanus sativus and Brassica juncea, were then selected for protein identification by mass spectrometry. The majority of the proteins in the fractions were found to be seed storage proteins, with a low abundance of proteins involved in plant defense and stress response. These findings suggest that Raphanus sativus or Brassica juncea extracts could be considered for further characterization and immune functional exploration with a possibility of supplemental use to bolster recipients' immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Yimam
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA; (S.C.); (P.J.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (Q.J.)
| | - Teresa Horm
- Department of Biology, Pacific Lutheran University, 12180 Park Ave. S, Tacoma, WA 98447, USA
| | - Shengxin Cai
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA; (S.C.); (P.J.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (Q.J.)
| | | | - Ping Jiao
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA; (S.C.); (P.J.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (Q.J.)
| | - Mei Hong
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA; (S.C.); (P.J.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (Q.J.)
| | - Thida Tea
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA; (S.C.); (P.J.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (Q.J.)
| | - Qi Jia
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA; (S.C.); (P.J.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (Q.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Ma Y, Lai D, He M, Zhang X, Zhang W, Ji M, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Xu L. RsPDR8, a member of ABCG subfamily, plays a positive role in regulating cadmium efflux and tolerance in radish ( Raphanus sativus L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 205:108149. [PMID: 37939545 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is one of the most vital root vegetable crops worldwide. Cadmium (Cd), a non-essential and toxic heavy metal, can dramatically restrict radish taproot quality and safety. Although the Peiotrpic Drug Resistance (PDR) genes play crucial roles in heavy metal accumulation and transport in plants, the systematic identification and functional characterization of RsPDRs remain largely unexplored in radish. Herein, a total of 19 RsPDR genes were identified from the radish genome. A few RsPDRs, including RsPDR1, RsPDR8 and RsPDR12, showed significant differential expression under Cd and lead (Pb) stress in the 'NAU-YH' genotype. Interestingly, the plasma membrane-localized RsPDR8 exhibited significantly up-regulated expression and enhanced promoter activity under Cd exposure. Ectopic expression of RsPDR8 conferred Cd tolerance via reducing Cd accumulation in yeast cells. Moreover, the transient transformation of RsPDR8 revealed that it positively regulated Cd tolerance by promoting ROS scavenging and enhancing membrane permeability in radish. In addition, overexpression of RsPDR8 increased root elongation but deceased Cd accumulation compared with the WT plants in Arabidopsis, demonstrating that it could play a positive role in mediating Cd efflux and tolerance in plants. Together, these results would facilitate deciphering the molecular mechanism underlying RsPDR8-mediated Cd tolerance and detoxification in radish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yingfei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Deqiang Lai
- Cangzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Cangzhou, 061001, PR China
| | - Min He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Weilan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Mingmei Ji
- Cangzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Cangzhou, 061001, PR China
| | - Yuelin Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Liwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang Q, Huang Y, Cui L, Gan C, Qiu Z, Yan C, Deng X. Genome-Wide Identification of the CDPK Gene Family and Their Involvement in Taproot Cracking in Radish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15059. [PMID: 37894740 PMCID: PMC10606364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Taproot cracking, a severe and common physiological disorder, markedly reduces radish yield and commercial value. Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) plays a pivotal role in various plant developmental processes; however, its function in radish taproot cracking remains largely unknown. Here, 37 RsCDPK gene members were identified from the long-read radish genome "QZ-16". Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the CDPK members in radish, tomato, and Arabidopsis were clustered into four groups. Additionally, synteny analysis identified 13 segmental duplication events in the RsCDPK genes. Analysis of paraffin-embedded sections showed that the density and arrangement of fleshy taproot cortex cells are important factors that affect radish cracking. Transcriptome sequencing of the fleshy taproot cortex revealed 5755 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (3252 upregulated and 2503 downregulated) between non-cracking radish "HongYun" and cracking radish "505". These DEGs were significantly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and plant-pathogen interaction KEGG pathways. Furthermore, when comparing the 37 RsCDPK gene family members and RNA-seq DEGs, we identified six RsCDPK genes related to taproot cracking in radish. Soybean hairy root transformation experiments showed that RsCDPK21 significantly and positively regulates root length development. These findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between radish taproot cracking and RsCDPK gene function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chenghuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.C.); (C.G.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.C.); (C.G.); (Z.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He M, Zhang X, Ma Y, Zhang X, Chen S, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Ma Y, Wang L, Xu L. RsCDF3, a member of Cycling Dof Factors, positively regulates cold tolerance via auto-regulation and repressing two RsRbohs transcription in radish ( Raphanus sativus L.). Plant Sci 2023; 337:111880. [PMID: 37778469 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Radish is one of the most economical root vegetable crops worldwide. Cold stress dramatically impedes radish taproot formation and development as well as reduces its yield and quality. Although the Cycling Dof Factors (CDFs) play crucial roles in plant growth, development and abiotic stress responses, how CDF TFs mediate the regulatory network of cold stress response remains largely unexplored in radish. Herein, a total of nine RsCDF genes were identified from the radish genome. Among them, the RsCDF3 exhibited obviously up-regulated expression under cold stress, especially at 12 h and 24 h. RsCDF3 was localized to the nucleus and displayed dramatic cold-induced promoter activity in tobacco leaves. Moreover, overexpression of RsCDF3 significantly enhanced cold tolerance of radish plants, whereas its knock-down plants exhibited the opposite phenotype. Interestingly, both in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that the RsCDF3 repressed the transcription of RsRbohA and RsRbohC via directly binding to their promoters, which contributed to maintaining the cellular homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging in radish. In addition, the RsCDF3 bound to its own promoter to mediate its transcription, thereby forming an autoregulatory feedback loop to cooperatively trigger RsRbohs-dependent cold tolerance. Together, we revealed a novel RsCDF3-RsRbohs module to promote the cold tolerance in radish plants. These findings would facilitate unveiling the molecular mechanism governing RsCDF3-mediated cold stress response in radish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yingfei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Sen Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuelin Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Liwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yinbo Ma
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Lun Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Izzo LG, El Nakhel C, Rouphael Y, Proietti S, Paglialunga G, Moscatello S, Battistelli A, Iovane M, Romano LE, De Pascale S, Aronne G. Applying productivity and phytonutrient profile criteria in modelling species selection of microgreens as Space crops for astronaut consumption. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1210566. [PMID: 37636122 PMCID: PMC10450622 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1210566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Long-duration missions in outer Space will require technologies to regenerate environmental resources such as air and water and to produce food while recycling consumables and waste. Plants are considered the most promising biological regenerators to accomplish these functions, due to their complementary relationship with humans. Plant cultivation for Space starts with small plant growth units to produce fresh food to supplement stowed food for astronauts' onboard spacecrafts and orbital platforms. The choice of crops must be based on limiting factors such as time, energy, and volume. Consequently, small, fast-growing crops are needed to grow in microgravity and to provide astronauts with fresh food rich in functional compounds. Microgreens are functional food crops recently valued for their color and flavor enhancing properties, their rich phytonutrient content and short production cycle. Candidate species of microgreens to be harvested and eaten fresh by crew members, belong to the families Brassicaceae, Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Amarillydaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Cucurbitaceae. Methods In this study we developed and applied an algorithm to objectively compare numerous genotypes of microgreens intending to select those with the best productivity and phytonutrient profile for cultivation in Space. The selection process consisted of two subsequent phases. The first selection was based on literature data including 39 genotypes and 25 parameters related to growth, phytonutrients (e.g., tocopherol, phylloquinone, ascorbic acid, polyphenols, lutein, carotenoids, violaxanthin), and mineral elements. Parameters were implemented in a mathematical model with prioritization criteria to generate a ranking list of microgreens. The second phase was based on germination and cultivation tests specifically designed for this study and performed on the six top species resulting from the first ranking list. For the second selection, experimental data on phytonutrients were expressed as metabolite production per day per square meter. Results and discussion In the final ranking list radish and savoy cabbage resulted with the highest scores based on their productivity and phytonutrient profile. Overall, the algorithm with prioritization criteria allowed us to objectively compare candidate species and obtain a ranking list based on the combination of numerous parameters measured in the different species. This method can be also adapted to new species, parameters, or re-prioritizing the parameters for specific selection purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gennaro Izzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Christophe El Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Simona Proietti
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Porano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Paglialunga
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Porano, Italy
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Porano, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Porano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Iovane
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Leone Ermes Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giovanna Aronne
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kwak Y, Song MH, Yu JW, Lee JH. Dissipation Kinetics and Risk Assessment of Diniconazole, Dinotefuran, Metconazole, and Tebuconazole in Raphanus sativus L. Foods 2023; 12:2846. [PMID: 37569115 PMCID: PMC10417377 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the degradation characteristics and conducted a risk assessment of four pesticides (Diniconazole, Dinotefuran, Metconazole, and Tebuconazole) in the leaves and roots of radish. Radish was cultivated in two greenhouse fields, and samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after pesticide application. Sample analysis was performed using LC-MS/MS, and the recovery rates ranged from 70.1% to 118.6%. The biological half-life of Diniconazole was found to be 6.2 days (leaf and root), Dinotefuran was 5.3 days (leaf) and 4.6 days (root), Metconazole was 9.3 days (leaf) and 3.2 days (root), and Tebuconazole was 8.0 days (leaf) and 5.1 days (root). After comparing the maximum residue limits (MRL) of each pesticide in Korea with the residues during the pre-harvest interval (PHI), Diniconazole showed a Hazard quotient (HQ) exceeding 1, indicating potential risks for true consumers. Furthermore, Tebuconazole showed an HQ of 0.3 or higher, indicating a significant level of risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunseon Kwak
- Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Gyeongin Regional Office of Food and Drug Safety, Incheon 22133, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Song
- Department of Crop Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woo Yu
- Department of Crop Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee YR, Lee HB, Kim Y, Shin KS, Park HY. Prebiotic and Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Radish Green Polysaccharide. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1862. [PMID: 37513035 PMCID: PMC10385334 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) greens are consumed as a source of nutrition, and their polysaccharides such as rhamnogalacturonan-I possess certain beneficial properties. This study investigated the prebiotic effects of a radish green polysaccharide (RGP) on gut health and obesity. The prebiotic activity of RGP was evaluated based on the pH changes and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration. The results showed that 0.5% RGP had a higher prebiotic activity score than inulin and increased SCFAs production in all five prebiotic strains. Moreover, RGP inhibited fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, indicating its potential to reduce obesity. Overall, these findings suggested that the polysaccharide of radish greens has prebiotic effects and may serve as a beneficial prebiotic for gut health and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ra Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Bin Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsook Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu L, Wang Y, Dong J, Zhang W, Tang M, Zhang W, Wang K, Chen Y, Zhang X, He Q, Zhang X, Wang K, Wang L, Ma Y, Xia K, Liu L. A chromosome-level genome assembly of radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) reveals insights into genome adaptation and differential bolting regulation. Plant Biotechnol J 2023; 21:990-1004. [PMID: 36648398 PMCID: PMC10106849 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High-quality radish (Raphanus sativus) genome represents a valuable resource for agronomical trait improvements and understanding genome evolution among Brassicaceae species. However, existing radish genome assembly remains fragmentary, which greatly hampered functional genomics research and genome-assisted breeding. Here, using a NAU-LB radish inbred line, we generated a reference genome of 476.32 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 56.88 Mb by incorporating Illumina, PacBio and BioNano optical mapping techniques. Utilizing Hi-C data, 448.12 Mb (94.08%) of the assembled sequences were anchored to nine radish chromosomes with 40 306 protein-coding genes annotated. In total, 249.14 Mb (52.31%) comprised the repetitive sequences, among which long terminal repeats (LTRs, 30.31%) were the most abundant class. Beyond confirming the whole-genome triplication (WGT) event in R. sativus lineage, we found several tandem arrayed genes were involved in stress response process, which may account for the distinctive phenotype of high disease resistance in R. sativus. By comparing against the existing Xin-li-mei radish genome, a total of 2 108 573 SNPs, 7740 large insertions, 7757 deletions and 84 inversions were identified. Interestingly, a 647-bp insertion in the promoter of RsVRN1 gene can be directly bound by the DOF transcription repressor RsCDF3, resulting into its low promoter activity and late-bolting phenotype of NAU-LB cultivar. Importantly, introgression of this 647-bp insertion allele, RsVRN1In-536 , into early-bolting genotype could contribute to delayed bolting time, indicating that it is a potential genetic resource for radish late-bolting breeding. Together, this genome resource provides valuable information to facilitate comparative genomic analysis and accelerate genome-guided breeding and improvement in radish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Junhui Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Mingjia Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Weilan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life SciencesNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kai Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lun Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yinbo Ma
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Kai Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Liwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
He Q, Zhang X, He M, Zhang X, Ma Y, Zhu Y, Dong J, Ying J, Wang Y, Liu L, Xu L. Genome-wide characterization of RsHSP70 gene family reveals positive role of RsHSP70-20 gene in heat stress response in radish ( Raphanus sativus L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 199:107710. [PMID: 37087887 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Radish is an economical cool-season root vegetable crop worldwide. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) plays indispensable roles in plant growth, development and abiotic stress responses. Nevertheless, little information is available regarding the identification and functional characterization of HSP70 gene family in radish. Herein, a total of 34 RsHSP70 genes were identified at the radish genome level, among which nine and 25 RsHSP70s were classified into the HSP110/SSE and DnaK subfamilies, respectively. RNA-seq analysis revealed that some RsHSP70 genes had differential expression profile in radish leaf, root, stamen and pistil. A range of RsHSP70 genes exhibited differential expression under several abiotic stresses such as heat, salt and heavy metals. Intriguingly, the expression of four RsHSP70 genes (RsHSP70-7, RsHSP70-12, RsHSP70-20 and RsHSP70-22) was dramatically up-regulated under heat stress (HS). RT-qPCR and transient LUC reporter assay indicated that both the expression and promoter activity of RsHSP70-20 was strongly induced by HS. Notably, overexpression of RsHSP70-20 significantly enhanced thermotolerance by decreasing reactive oxygen species and promoting proline accumulation in radish, whereas its knock-down plants exhibited increased thermosensitivity, indicating that RsHSP70-20 positively regulate HS response in radish. These results would provide valuable information to decipher the molecular basis of RsHSP70-mediated thermotolerance in radish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Min He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yingfei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yuelin Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Junhui Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jiali Ying
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Liwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Soleimannejad Z, Sadeghipour HR, Abdolzadeh A, Golalipour M, Bakhtiarizadeh MR. Transcriptome alterations of radish shoots exposed to cadmium can be interpreted in the context of leaf senescence. Protoplasma 2023; 260:35-62. [PMID: 35396977 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Till now few transcriptome studies have described shoot responses of heavy metal (HM)-sensitive plants to excess Cd and still a unifying model of Cd action is lacking. Using RNA-seq technique, the transcriptome responses of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves to Cd stress were investigated in plants raised hydroponically under control and 5.0 mg L-1 Cd. The element was mainly accumulated in roots and led to declined biomass and photosynthetic pigments, increased H2O2 and lipid peroxidation, and the accumulation of sugars, protein thiols, and phytochelatins. Out of 524 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 244 and 280 upregulated and downregulated ones were assigned to 82 and 115 GO terms, respectively. The upregulated DEGs were involved in osmotic regulation, protein metabolism, chelators, and carbohydrate metabolisms, whereas downregulated DEGs were related to photosynthesis, response to oxidative stress, glucosinolate, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Our transcriptome data suggest that Cd triggers ROS production and photosynthesis decline associated with increased proteolysis through ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)- and chloroplast-proteases and in this way brings about re-mobilization of N and C stores into amino acids and sugars. Meanwhile, declined glucosinolate metabolism in favor of chelator synthesis and upregulation of dehydrins as inferred from transcriptome analysis confers shoots some tolerance to the HM-derived ionic/osmotic imbalances. Thus, the induction of leaf senescence might be a major long-term response of HM-sensitive plants to Cd toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Soleimannejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Abdolzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoud Golalipour
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li J, Huang T, Lu J, Xu X, Zhang W. Metabonomic profiling of clubroot-susceptible and clubroot-resistant radish and the assessment of disease-resistant metabolites. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1037633. [PMID: 36570889 PMCID: PMC9772615 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1037633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodiophora brassicae causes a serious threat to cruciferous plants including radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Knowledge on the pathogenic regularity and molecular mechanism of P. brassicae and radish is limited, especially on the metabolism level. In the present study, clubroot-susceptible and clubroot-resistant cultivars were inoculated with P. brassicae Race 4, root hairs initial infection of resting spores (107 CFU/mL) at 24 h post-inoculation and root galls symptom arising at cortex splitting stage were identified on both cultivars. Root samples of cortex splitting stage of two cultivars were collected and used for untargeted metabonomic analysis. We demonstrated changes in metabolite regulation and pathways during the cortex splitting stage of diseased roots between clubroot-susceptible and clubroot-resistant cultivars using untargeted metabonomic analysis. We identified a larger number of differentially regulated metabolites and heavier metabolite profile changes in the susceptible cultivar than in the resistant counterpart. The metabolites that were differentially regulated in both cultivars were mostly lipids and lipid-like molecules. Significantly regulated metabolites and pathways according to the P value and variable important in projection score were identified. Moreover, four compounds, including ethyl α-D-thioglucopyranoside, imipenem, ginsenoside Rg1, and 6-gingerol, were selected, and their anti-P. brassicae ability and effects on seedling growth were verified on the susceptible cultivar. Except for ethyl α-D-thioglucopyranoside, the remaining could inhibit clubroot development of varing degree. The use of 5 mg/L ginsenoside Rg1 + 5 mg/L 6-gingerol resulted in the lowest disease incidence and disease index among all treatments and enhanced seedling growth. The regulation of pathways or metabolites of carbapenem and ginsenoside was further explored. The results provide a preliminary understanding of the interaction between radish and P. brassicae at the metabolism level, as well as the development of measures for preventing clubroot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingmin Huang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinbiao Lu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiuhong Xu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wanping Zhang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ashiq S, Edwards S, Watson A, Back M. Biofumigation for the Management of Fusarium graminearum in a Wheat-Maize Rotation. Pathogens 2022; 11. [PMID: 36558761 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the most important causal agent of head blight in wheat, and stalk and ear rot in maize. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of incorporation of Brassicaceae cover crops on Fusarium graminearum in a wheat-maize rotation. Five species belonging to Brassicaceae (Brassica juncea, Eruca sativa, Raphanus sativus, B. carinata, B. oleracea var. caulorapa L.) were used in the field experiment to investigate their potential to suppress F. graminearum inoculum in soil, disease incidence in maize and to reduce subsequent mycotoxin contamination in maize. Brassica juncea was found to contain the highest glucosinolate concentration in shoots (31 µmol g-1). Severity of ear rot and stalk rot in maize was not significantly reduced in the amended plots. Incorporation of R. sativus 'Terranova' significantly decreased the amount of F. graminearum DNA by 58% compared with the cultivated fallow treatment, however the DNA concentration was not significantly different to fallow uncultivated. Fusarium graminearum DNA and deoxynivalenol in maize was 50% lower after incorporation of B. oleracea var. caulorapa L. compared to after fallow treatment but the difference was not significant. The brassica crops used in the present field experiment were not effective in suppressing F. graminearum, therefore further studies to optimise the current approach are recommended.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang M, Hou CY, Hsu HY, Hazeena SH, Santoso SP, Yu CC, Chang CK, Gavahian M, Hsieh CW. Enhancing Bioactive Saponin Content of Raphanus sativus Extract by Thermal Processing at Various Conditions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238125. [PMID: 36500218 PMCID: PMC9735865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pickled radish (Raphanus sativus) is a traditional Asian ingredient, but the traditional method takes decades to make this product. To optimize such a process, this study compared the saponin content of pickled radishes with different thermal processing and traditional processes (production time of 7 days, 10 years, and 20 years) and evaluated the effects of different thermal processes on the formation of radish saponin through kinetics study and mass spectrometry. The results showed that increasing the pickling time enhanced the formation of saponin in commercial pickled radishes (25 °C, 7 days, 6.50 ± 1.46 mg g-1; 3650 days, 23.11 ± 1.22 mg g-1), but these increases were lower than those induced by thermal processing (70 °C 30 days 24.24 ± 1.01 mg g-1). However, it was found that the pickling time of more than 10 years and the processing temperature of more than 80 °C reduce the saponin content. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis showed that the major saponin in untreated radish was Tupistroside G, whereas treated samples contained Asparagoside A and Timosaponin A1. Moreover, this study elucidated the chemical structure of saponins in TPR. The findings indicated that thermal treatment could induce functional saponin conversion in plants, and such a mechanism can also be used to improve the health efficacy of plant-based crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 142, Haizhuan Rd., Nanzi Dist., Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Sulfath Hakkim Hazeena
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 142, Haizhuan Rd., Nanzi Dist., Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Shella Permatasari Santoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Daan Dist., Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No.110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Mohsen Gavahian
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (C.-W.H.)
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (C.-W.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu G, Chen X, Zheng T, Xiao PX, Zhong NY, Yang XL, Li Y, Li W. Effects of U on the growth, reactive oxygen metabolism and osmotic regulation in radish ( Raphanus sativus L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:55081-55091. [PMID: 35312915 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Uranium (U) is a non-essential and toxic element, so it is necessary to study the physiological mechanism of plant response to U stress. The present study evaluated the growth status, reactive oxygen metabolism and osmotic regulation system in radish (Raphanus sativus) under U stress (0, 25, 50 and 100 μM). The results showed that U had no significant effect on the germination of radish seeds but inhibited the growth of seedlings, such as reduced root activity and increased plasma membrane permeability. U is mainly distributed in radish roots, so it poisons the roots more than the aboveground parts. When U concentration was 25 μM, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities in radish were increased to cope with the oxidative stress caused by U stress, and the accumulation of proline and soluble sugar was increased to maintain cell turgor. However, under high concentration (100 μM), the damage of radish root was serious; thus, the SOD, CAT and soluble sugar could not respond to U stress. In conclusion, the identification and characterization of U-stress responses in genuine U-tolerant plants would improve our knowledge on the detoxification of this radionuclide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Wu
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China.
- Plant Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
- Plant Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Pi-Xian Xiao
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Ning-Ying Zhong
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Xiu-Lin Yang
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Yi Li
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Wei Li
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nasello S, Beiguel É, Fitó-Friedrichs G, Irala C, Berenstein G, Basack S, Montserrat JM. Thermal paper as a potential source of bisphenol A for humans and the environment: migration and ecotoxicological impact. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:53382-53394. [PMID: 35284971 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate thermal paper (TP) tickets used in Argentina as a potential source of bisphenol A (BPA) that could impact humans and the environment. BPA in TP was measured by HPLC ranging from 11.1 to 30.5 mg BPAg-1. In order to estimate the impact on humans, dermal BPA estimated daily intake was calculated as being 79.3 ± 19.5 μgd-1 for workers and 1.6 ± 0.4 μgd-1 for the general population. To evaluate TP's impact on the environment, BPA migration from TP to water and soil was studied. In the case of water, 99.6% of the BPA tickets content migrated in 30 h, while 78.0% moved into the soil in 96 h. BPA degradation kinetics in soil and water were also carried out; while in soil 61.9% of BPA degraded in 120 h, no degradation was observed up to 120 h in tap or river water.Additionally, ecotoxicological effects of BPA on the earthworm Eisenia andrei, a representative terrestrial indicator, were studied performing bioassays on lethality, avoidance, and reproductive and enzymatic activity. BPA showed to be very toxic to E. andrei (LC50 value in contact paper test of 17 μgcm-2, 95% confidence interval 6-46 μgcm-2, 24 h exposure) and also caused an increase of total cocoons for earthworms exposed to 10 and 50 mg BPA kg-1 soil. Evasion response was observed at a concentration of 50 mg BPA kg-1 soil, while no effect was observed on cholinesterases, carboxylesterases, and glutathione S-transferases activities (1, 10, and 50 mg BPA kg-1 soil). Finally, a simple BPA degradation technology using water peroxide and radish (Raphanus sativus) tissue as catalyst was explored as a simple and domestic potential treatment to avoid BPA migration to the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Nasello
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX) Los Polvorines; Prov. de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Érica Beiguel
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX) Los Polvorines; Prov. de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gretel Fitó-Friedrichs
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX) Los Polvorines; Prov. de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carmen Irala
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX) Los Polvorines; Prov. de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giselle Berenstein
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX) Los Polvorines; Prov. de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana Basack
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX) Los Polvorines; Prov. de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Javier M Montserrat
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX) Los Polvorines; Prov. de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li W, Gong P, Xu M, Li D, Sun J, Zhou D, Zhu B. Isolation and characterization of the anthocyanins derived from red radishes ( Raphanus sativus L.) and the protective ability of β-lactoglobulin against heat-induced oxidation. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1586-1600. [PMID: 35262931 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study employed the "two-step dialysis" method and AB-8 or D101 macroporous resin chromatography to isolate the anthocyanins in red radishes (ARR). The red radish juice was dialyzed twice at 3000 and 500 Da, respectively. UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS revealed 24 types of ARRs, of which pelargonidin (Pg)-3-diglucoside-5-(malonyl)glucoside (P3D5MG), Pg-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside (P3D5G), Pg-3-(feruloyl)diglucoside-5-(malonyl)glucoside (P3FD5MG), Pg, and malvidin (Mv) represented the main compounds. The total anthocyanin content in the ARR prepared via the "two-step dialysis" method was 29.69% and 18.44% higher than that obtained using AB-8 and D101 macroporous resins, respectively. The ARRs inhibited heat-induced β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) oxidation. The amino acid residue microenvironment and secondary β-Lg structure were modified via ARR binding. The energy involved in P3D5MG and β-Lg binding was -392 kJ/mol, which was significantly lower than that during the binding process of P3D5M, P3FD5MG, Pg, and Mv to β-Lg (-338 to -168 kJ/mol). These results indicated that "two-step dialysis" was a promising method for deriving natural pigment with strong antioxidant activity from red radishes. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: As a natural food colorant, anthocyanins have attracted increasing attention in the food industry in recent years. This study used "two-step dialysis" to effectively separate ARRs. Moreover, the anthocyanins in ARR can bind to β-Lg to protect against heating-induced oxidation. Therefore, ARRs may not only act as a food pigment but also as antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China.,National Engineering Research Center of the Seafood School of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Pengling Gong
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengyi Xu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deyang Li
- National Engineering Research Center of the Seafood School of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiatong Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of the Seafood School of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Dayong Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of the Seafood School of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of the Seafood School of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sofia Vizhimalar A, Vasanthy M, Thamaraiselvi C, Biruntha M, Paul JAJ, Thirupathi A, Chang SW, Xu Z, Al-Rashed S, Munuswamy-Ramanujam G, Ravindran B. Greener production of compost from agricultural biomass residues amended with mule dung for agronomic application. Chemosphere 2022; 288:132561. [PMID: 34653478 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study agro-waste (Agwt) was aerobically composted using cow dung (CD) and mule dung (MD). Totally six different sets of compost treatments were prepared, as T1 (Agwt + CD, 1:1), T2 (Agwt + MD, 1:1), T3 (Agwt + CD, 1:3), T4 (Agwt + MD, 1:3), T5 (Agwt + CD, 3:1) and T6 (Agwt + MD, 3:1) in individual containers. All the compost treatments were degraded for 90 days. The organic wastes in the treatment containers were maintained with proper moisture level. All the final composts reached good manural stability and maturity index after 90 days. Among the six treatments, the T2 with Agwt + MD in 1:1 proportion attained a 10:1 C/N ratio and a near neutral pH (7.3). Indigenous microbes isolated and identified from the T2 compost sample showed protease, cellulase, amylase and lipase activities. The germination of Raphanus sativus L. seeds and vigorous plant growth parameters confirmed the non-pathogenic phytotoxic-free nature of finished composts. The radish crops supplied with T2 compost showed healthy tuber growth parameters (16.6 cm width, 35.6 cm length) compared with other treatments. The results from the experiments established that, the composts derived are eco-friendly amendment to plants and it has also improved the soil fertility due to its stability and maturity index. Thus, the present study concluded that composting agricultural crops waste with animal manure, especially mule dung promoted excellent biodegradation of organic complexes. It is a nature friendly solution for the management of solid waste such as agro-wastes utilizing mule dung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sofia Vizhimalar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal, TamilNadu, India
| | - M Vasanthy
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India
| | - C Thamaraiselvi
- Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal, TamilNadu, India.
| | - Muniyandi Biruntha
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Arockia John Paul
- Department of Zoology, Arumugam Pillai Seethai Ammal College, Tiruppattur, 630 211, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Thirupathi
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhi Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Sarah Al-Rashed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ganesh Munuswamy-Ramanujam
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM-IST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao W, Li X, Wang H, Jia H, Song J, Yang W, Zhang X. [Identification and analysis of the TALE transcription factor family in radish]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2022; 38:343-358. [PMID: 35142141 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.210321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and cell differentiation. There are plenty of studies on TALE transcription factors in several model plants, but not in radish (Raphanus sativas). A genome-wide bioinformatics analysis identified 33 TALE family genes in the Xiang-Ya-Bai (XYB) radish, These genes, are distributed on nine chromosomes and all contain 4-6 exons. The 33 TALE genes in radish showed a co-linearity relationship with the 17 homologous genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, a large number of stress response cis-elements were found in the promoter regions of these genes. Expression analysis showed that four genes in the BELL subfamily were highly expressed in roots, and two genes in the KNOX subfamily were highly expressed in shoots of bolting plants and callus. All radish TALE genes contain sequences encoding the conserved HOX domain, except for the gene RSA10037940, which is homologous to Arabidopsis KNATM. The deduced 3D structures of the TALE proteins irrespective of subtypes are highly similar. All the encoded proteins were weakly acidic and hydrophilic. The radish TALE gene family is relatively evolutionarily conserved, which was consistent with results from Arabidopsis, but quite different from that of rice. This study provides important clues for studying the biological functions of TALE transcription factors in radish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Beijing Research Station of Vegetable Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xixiang Li
- Beijing Research Station of Vegetable Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Beijing Research Station of Vegetable Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huixia Jia
- Beijing Research Station of Vegetable Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Beijing Research Station of Vegetable Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Beijing Research Station of Vegetable Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Beijing Research Station of Vegetable Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dziergowska K, Wełna M, Szymczycha-Madeja A, Chęcmanowski J, Michalak I. Valorization of Cladophora glomerata Biomass and Obtained Bioproducts into Biostimulants of Plant Growth and as Sorbents (Biosorbents) of Metal Ions. Molecules 2021; 26:6917. [PMID: 34834009 PMCID: PMC8624861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to propose a complete approach for macroalgae biomass valorization into products useful for sustainable agriculture and environmental protection. In the first stage, the effects of macroalgal extracts and ZnO NPs (zinc oxide nanoparticles) on the germination and growth of radish were examined. Macroalgal extract was produced from freshwater macroalga, i.e., Cladophora glomerata by ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). The extract was used to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles. In germination tests, extracts and solutions of ZnO NPs were applied on paper substrate before sowing. In the second stage, sorption properties of macroalga, post-extraction residue, and ZnO NPs to absorb Cr(III) ions were examined. In the germination tests, the highest values of hypocotyl length (the edible part of radish), i.e., 3.3 and 2.6 cm were obtained for 60 and 80% extract (among the tested concentrations 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) and 10 and 50 mg/L NPs, respectively. The highest sorption capacity of Cr(III) ions (344.8 mg/g) was obtained by both macroalga and post-extraction residue at a pH of 5 and initial Cr(III) ions concentration of 200 mg/L. This study proves that macroalgae and products based on them can be applied in both sustainable agriculture and wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dziergowska
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland; (K.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Maja Wełna
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (M.W.); (A.S.-M.)
| | - Anna Szymczycha-Madeja
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (M.W.); (A.S.-M.)
| | - Jacek Chęcmanowski
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland; (K.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland; (K.D.); (J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen J, Lei Y, Zuo J, Guo Z, Miao S, Zheng B, Lu X. The Effect of Vacuum Deep Frying Technology and Raphanus sativus on the Quality of Surimi Cubes. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112544. [PMID: 34828824 PMCID: PMC8618093 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study uses a response surface methodology to optimize the vacuum deep frying process of surimi cubes. The effects of vacuum deep frying temperature, frying time, and thickness on the hardness and color difference of surimi cubes with Raphanus sativus were studied. Further, the manuscript explored the quality changes of surimi cubes under different frying processes (vacuum deep frying, atmospheric deep frying, and shallow frying). Moreover, the Chinese Min-Cantonese cuisine-Raphanus sativus was utilized as auxiliary raw material to change the hardness and reduce the oil content. The optimal parameters of response surface methodology determined were: vacuum deep frying temperature 130 °C, frying time 900 s, and thickness 0.75 cm. Additionally, under this process condition, the hardness of the surimi chunks was 2015 ± 48.17 g, and the color difference was 23.27 ± 1.86. Surimi cubes without Raphanus sativus have superior elasticity and low hardness, and surimi cubes with Raphanus sativus have little color difference and high chewability. After the vacuum deep frying process, there was a high protein content and superior crispness. Shallow frying and adding Raphanus sativus effectively reduced the product's oil content. Therefore, Raphanus sativus is suitable as a potential nutritional supplement to broaden its application in fried surimi foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.G.); (B.Z.)
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- China-Ireland International Cooperation Center for Food Material Science and Structure Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Yi Lei
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.G.); (B.Z.)
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- China-Ireland International Cooperation Center for Food Material Science and Structure Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Jiaxin Zuo
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.G.); (B.Z.)
| | - Zebin Guo
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.G.); (B.Z.)
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 18 Simon Pit Road, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Song Miao
- China-Ireland International Cooperation Center for Food Material Science and Structure Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.G.); (B.Z.)
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- China-Ireland International Cooperation Center for Food Material Science and Structure Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 18 Simon Pit Road, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xu Lu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.G.); (B.Z.)
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- China-Ireland International Cooperation Center for Food Material Science and Structure Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 18 Simon Pit Road, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Here, we describe the first protocol of European radish (Raphanus sativus L. subsp. sativus convar. radicula) for obtaining doubled haploid plants through in vitro microspore culture, in which the full cycle of doubled haploid formation was successfully achieved. Using this protocol, a yield of up to eight embryoids per Petri dish can be obtained. Effectiveness of this protocol was confirmed for several genotypes of European radish.
Collapse
|
27
|
Tkachenko A, Dodueva I, Tvorogova V, Predeus A, Pravdina O, Kuznetsova K, Lutova L. Transcriptomic Analysis of Radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) Spontaneous Tumor. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:919. [PMID: 34063717 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous tumors can develop in different organs of various plant species without any pathogen infection and, as a rule, appear in plants with a certain genotype: Mutants, interspecific hybrids, etc. In particular, among the inbred lines of radish (Raphanus sativus L.), lines that form spontaneous tumors on the taproot during the flowering period were obtained many years ago. In this work, we analyzed the differential gene expression in the spontaneous tumors of radish versus the lateral roots using the RNA-seq method. Data were obtained indicating the increased expression of genes associated with cell division and growth (especially genes that regulate G2-M transition and cytokinesis) in the spontaneous tumor. Among genes downregulated in the tumor tissue, genes participating in the response to stress and wounding, mainly involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and glucosinolates, were enriched. Our data will help elucidate the mechanisms of spontaneous tumor development in higher plants.
Collapse
|
28
|
Šćepanović M, Sarić-Krsmanović M, Šoštarčić V, Brijačak E, Lakić J, Špirović Trifunović B, Gajić Umiljendić J, Radivojević L. Inhibitory Effects of Brassicaceae Cover Crop on Ambrosia artemisiifolia Germination and Early Growth. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10040794. [PMID: 33920706 PMCID: PMC8073481 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several cover crops (CCs) exert allelopathic effects that suppress weed growth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts containing different concentrations [0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% (w/v)] of Brassicaceae CCs (Sinapis alba, Raphanus sativus, Camellina sativa) and of the CCs Fagopyrum esculentum and Guizotia abyssinica on germination and early growth of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. The allelopathic effects were species and concentration-dependent. C. sativa, for example, caused the greatest potential to inhibit germination, shoot, radicle length and fresh seedling weight, whereas S. alba and R. sativus inhibited germination and early growth of A. artemisiifolia only at concentrations ≥7.5%. In contrast, no inhibition was observed when aqueous extracts of F. escultneum and G. abyssinica were added at any of tested concentration. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detected 15 phenolic compounds in Brassicaceae CCs with the highest content (µg/g) of vanillin (48.8), chlorogenic acid (1057), vanilic acid (79), caffeic acid (102.5) and syringic acid (27.3) in C. sativa. Our results suggest that C. sativa is the most allelopathic CCs and that the fruits of C. sativa are the plant organs richest in allelochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šćepanović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (E.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Marija Sarić-Krsmanović
- Institute for Pesticide and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31 b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.-K.); (J.G.U.); (L.R.)
| | - Valentina Šoštarčić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (E.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Ema Brijačak
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (E.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Josip Lakić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (E.B.); (J.L.)
| | | | - Jelena Gajić Umiljendić
- Institute for Pesticide and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31 b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.-K.); (J.G.U.); (L.R.)
| | - Ljiljana Radivojević
- Institute for Pesticide and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31 b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.-K.); (J.G.U.); (L.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Savadogo EH, Shiomi Y, Yasuda J, Akino T, Yamaguchi M, Yoshida H, Umegawachi T, Tanaka R, Suong DNA, Miura K, Yazaki K, Kitajima S. Gene expression of PLAT and ATS3 proteins increases plant resistance to insects. Planta 2021; 253:37. [PMID: 33464406 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genes of the PLAT protein family, including PLAT and ATS3 subfamilies of higher plants and homologs of liverwort, are involved in plant defense against insects. Laticifer cells in plants contain large amounts of anti-microbe or anti-insect proteins and are involved in plant defense against biotic stresses. We previously found that PLAT proteins accumulate in laticifers of fig tree (Ficus carica) at comparable levels to those of chitinases, and the transcript level of ATS3, another PLAT domain-containing protein, is highest in the transcriptome of laticifers of Euphorbia tirucalli. In this study, we investigated whether the PLAT domain-containing proteins are involved in defense against insects. Larvae of the lepidopteran Spodoptera litura showed retarded growth when fed with Nicotiana benthamiana leaves expressing F. carica PLAT or E. tirucalli ATS3 genes, introduced by agroinfiltration using expression vector pBYR2HS. Transcriptome analysis of these leaves indicated that ethylene and jasmonate signaling were activated, leading to increased expression of genes for PR-1, β-1,3-glucanase, PR5 and trypsin inhibitors, suggesting an indirect mechanism of PLAT- and ATS3-induced resistance in the host plant. Direct cytotoxicity of PLAT and ATS3 to insects was also possible because heterologous expression of the corresponding genes in Drosophila melanogaster caused apoptosis-mediated cell death in this insect. Larval growth retardation of S. litura occurred when they were fed radish sprouts, a good host for agroinfiltration, expressing any of nine homologous genes of dicotyledon Arabidopsis thaliana, monocotyledon Brachypodium distachyon, conifer Picea sitchensis and liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Of these nine genes, the heterologous expression of A. thaliana AT5G62200 and AT5G62210 caused significant increases in larval death. These results indicated that the PLAT protein family has largely conserved anti-insect activity in the plant kingdom (249 words).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hyrmeya Savadogo
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yui Shiomi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Junko Yasuda
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Akino
- The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takanari Umegawachi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Dang Ngoc Anh Suong
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Miura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Sakihito Kitajima
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
- The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li X, Huang S, McBride MB. Rhizosphere effect on Pb solubility and phytoavailability in Pb-Contaminated soils. Environ Pollut 2021; 268:115840. [PMID: 33120158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of plant roots in modifying Pb solubility and bioavailability in an historically contaminated orchard (Hudson) and a Pb phosphate-spiked (Arkport) soil was determined by measuring soluble Pb in the soil solutions as well as content of Pb in radish shoots grown in these soils. Soluble Pb and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents were greater in the rhizospheres of both Pb-contaminated soils than in the unplanted high-Pb soils. The rhizosphere effect increased soluble Pb 15-fold in the field-contaminated orchard soil, whereas the effect was much smaller in the Pb phosphate-spiked soil. The rhizosphere effect persisted in the Pb-phosphate spiked soil after adjustment of the soil pH from 7.8 to 6.7. The results indicate that Pb phosphate added to a non-acid soil has lower solubility than Pb in an orchard soil contaminated by historical Pb arsenate applications; nevertheless, some uptake of Pb into plant shoots resulted from both sources of soil Pb contamination. The rhizosphere effect was observed for trace metals in addition to Pb, with the solubility of Al, Fe, Cu and Ni all increasing in the rhizosphere soil. In contrast, the solubility of alkali and alkaline earth metals (K, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba) all decreased in the rhizosphere soil. The results indicate that the rhizosphere effect associated with plant roots can raise the solubility of Pb in soils contaminated by legacy Pb and by insoluble Pb phosphate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Samantha Huang
- Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - M B McBride
- Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yamagishi H, Hashimoto A, Fukunaga A, Terachi T. Appearance of male sterile and black radishes in the progeny of cross between Raphanus raphanistrum and Raphanus sativus. Breed Sci 2020; 70:637-641. [PMID: 33603561 PMCID: PMC7878931 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In addition to Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), which is used extensively for F1 hybrid seed production in Brassicaceae crops, two other CMS systems, NWB CMS and DCGMS, have also been identified. The causal gene for the latter two CMS systems has been identified as a novel chimeric gene, orf463. We previously reported that orf463 is specific to black radish cultivars and that it is present in line 'RS-5' of Raphanus raphanistrum; however, the orf463 sequence in 'RS-5' differed from that of black radish cultivars. Though, R. raphanistrum with an orf463 sequence identical to that found in black radish cultivars was recently identified. We therefore sought to determine whether the orf463 gene in line 'RS-5' induces CMS in radishes. We crossed 'RS-5' as a female parent with a cultivated radish, 'Uchiki-Gensuke', as a male parent, and examined the gross plant morphology and pollen fertility of the resulting progeny. The F2 population contained both male sterile plants and plants with black roots. The findings showed that R. raphanistrum contains two types of orf463 genes that induce CMS, and that the origin of black radishes could be attributed to R. raphanistrum having orf463 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamagishi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo, Kita, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Ayako Hashimoto
- Research Center of Botany, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo, Kita, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Asumi Fukunaga
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo, Kita, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Toru Terachi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo, Kita, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Do MH, Lee HB, Oh MJ, Jhun H, Choi SY, Park HY. Polysaccharide fraction from greens of Raphanus sativus alleviates high fat diet-induced obesity. Food Chem 2020; 343:128395. [PMID: 33268179 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus) greens are commonly used as a vegetable in Korea; however, their anti-obesity effect has not been reported yet. We prepared the polysaccharide fraction of radish greens (PRG) and assessed its anti-obesity activity in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Supplementation with 4 mg/kg PRG reduced weight gain and body fat percentage, and regulated serum biomarkers against HFD-induced obesity. Moreover, PRG treatment improved gut permeability by increasing tight junction protein expression and colon length shortening. HFD intake increased the proportion of Firmicutes and decreased the proportion of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia; however, PRG supplementation maintained gut microbial composition to normal diet condition. Moreover, PRG reduced HFD-induced increase of lipid metabolism-related protein expression, along with adipocyte size in white adipose tissue. These results indicated that PRG as a potential prebiotic, has anti-obesity properties by improving gut barrier function, modulating gut microbiota and regulating lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Ho Do
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Bin Lee
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Jin Oh
- Technical Assistance Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjhung Jhun
- Technical Assistance Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Yoon Choi
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Khan S, Shahid M, Khan MS, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Elgorban AM, Pichtel J. Fungicide-Tolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Mitigate Physiological Disruption of White Radish Caused by Fungicides Used in the Field Cultivation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E7251. [PMID: 33020389 PMCID: PMC7579310 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Excessive use of fungicides in agriculture may result in substantial accumulation of active residues in soil, which affect crop health and yield. We investigated the response of Raphanus sativus (white radish) to fungicides in soil and potential beneficial interactions of radish plants with fungicide-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The PGPR were isolated from cabbage and mustard rhizospheres. Morphological and biochemical characteristics measured using standard methods, together with analysis of partial 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that fungicide-tolerant PGPR, isolates PS3 and AZ2, were closely related to Pseudomonas spp. These PGPR survived in the presence of high fungicide concentrations i.e., up to 2400 μg mL-1 carbendazim (CBZM) and 3200 μg mL-1 hexaconazole (HEXA). Bacterial isolates produced plant growth stimulants even under fungicide stress, though fungicides induced surface morphological distortion and alteration in membrane permeability of these bacteria, which was proved by a set of microscopic observations. Fungicides considerably affected the germination efficiency, growth, and physiological development of R. sativus, but these effects were relieved when inoculated with PGPR isolates. For instance, CBZM at 1500 mg kg-1 decreased whole dry biomass by 71%, whole plant length by 54%, total chlorophyll by 50%, protein content by 61%, and carotenoid production by 29%. After applying isolate AZ2 for white radish grown in CBZM (10 mg kg-1)-amended soil, it could improve plant growth and development with increased whole plant dry weight (10%), entire plant length (13%) and total chlorophyll content (18%). Similarly, isolate PS3 enhanced plant survival by relieving plant stress with declined biomarkers, i.e., proline (12%), malondialdehyde (3%), ascorbate peroxidase (6.5%), catalase (18%), and glutathione reductase (4%). Application of isolates AZ2 and PS3 could be effective for remediation of fungicide-contaminated soil and for improving the cultivation of radish plants while minimizing inputs of fungicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.K.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.K.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Mohammad Saghir Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.K.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (A.H.B.); (A.M.E.)
| | - Ali H. Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (A.H.B.); (A.M.E.)
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (A.H.B.); (A.M.E.)
| | - John Pichtel
- Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zou Z, Bisht V, Fernando WGD. Identification and Characterization of Verticillium longisporum Lineage A1/D1 from Brassica Crops in Manitoba, Canada. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3499. [PMID: 32429108 PMCID: PMC7278989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium stripe in canola (Brassica napus L.) caused by Verticillium longisporum was first reported in Manitoba in 2014. In this study, Brassica crops including canola, mustard (Brassica juncea) and radish (Raphanus sativus) with visible symptoms of Verticillium stripe were collected from Portage La Prairie, Manitoba, and the pathogens were isolated. Isolates from canola and radish were identified to V. longisporum, which produced longer conidia (7.92-12.00 µm) than Verticillium dahliae (4.32-7.04 µm). An isolate derived from mustard was characterized as V. dahliae. Molecular diagnostics with 18S rDNA, 5.8S rDNA and mating-type marker primers were used to confirm the identification of Verticillium isolates. PCR-RFLP of the mitochondrial small subunit rDNA and the cytochrome b gene were also employed to distinguish V. longisporum isolates from V. dahliae. The multi-gene characterization approach allowed for lineage determination, and V. longisporum isolates from canola and radish were in the A1/D1 group. Isolates of Verticillium longisporum from canola inoculated onto the canola cultivar 'Westar' caused symptoms of stem striping, stunting and short plants. Re-isolated fungal strains from infected stems were again inoculated onto canola plants, in order to confirm that V. longisporum was the causal agent of Verticillium stripe disease in the pathogenicity test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Zou
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 66 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Vikram Bisht
- Primary Agriculture Branch, Manitoba Agriculture, Carman, MB R0G 0J0, Canada;
| | - W. G. Dilantha Fernando
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 66 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Auobi Amirabad S, Behtash F, Vafaee Y. Selenium mitigates cadmium toxicity by preventing oxidative stress and enhancing photosynthesis and micronutrient availability on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv. Cherry Belle. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:12476-12490. [PMID: 31997246 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the effects of selenium on the tolerance of radish plants CV. Cherri Belle under cadmium phytotoxicity. The biomass accumulation was drastically decreased under Cd toxicity and the supplementary Se maintained the biomass acquisition under Cd pressure. The chlorophyll index (SPAD), PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm), and PSII quantum yield (ΦPSII) were declined in response to Cd treatment, while Se nutrition improved these variables in a dose-dependent manner. The highest H2O2 and MDA contents were observed in the plants fed with 10 mg-1 L Cd. The Cd stress resulted in a considerable decline in the activities of GPX, CAT, and APX antioxidant enzymes, while Se supplementation increased their activities in the Cd-treated plants. Based on the mineral analyses, no Cd was traced in the control plants, while the Cd concentration in both roots and leaves of the Cd-stressed radish plants increased with increasing the supplemented Cd levels. Compared with plants solely treated with 10 mg L-1 Cd, Se nutrition declined the Cd absorption in roots and in leaves. The concentration of evaluated micronutrients including Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn tended to decrease in the Cd-imposed plants in comparison with control plants. Se nutrition of both stressed and non-stressed radish plants increased the concentrations of the studied microelements, except for Zn in which the individual use of Se led to a decrease in the Zn content. Significant positive and negative correlation values were found among the studied traits and the principle component analysis (PCA) biplot and Ward dendrogram confirmed the results of the correlation analysis. Se proved to be efficient in the alleviation of Cd-triggered deleterious effects by improving biomass acquisition, enhancing chlorophyll biosynthesis and fluorescence, and increasing micronutrient uptake in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the Se alleviation mechanism under Cd stress was also connected with the activation of enzymatic antioxidative protection system as well as with decreasing Cd uptake, transport, and distribution in radish leaves. Altogether, our research strongly suggests the implementation of Se in the growth medium to enhance the tolerance of radish plants under Cd stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Auobi Amirabad
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maraghe, Maraghe, 55181-83111, Iran
| | - Farhad Behtash
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maraghe, Maraghe, 55181-83111, Iran
| | - Yavar Vafaee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kitajima S, Miura K, Yasuda J. Radish sprouts as an efficient and rapidly available host for an agroinfiltration-based transient gene expression system. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2020; 37:89-92. [PMID: 32362753 PMCID: PMC7193837 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.19.1216a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Agroinfiltration, the infiltration of plants with Agrobacterium harboring a plasmid that contains a specific gene, is used to transiently express a gene in a heterologous organism. Using the "Tsukuba system", greater amounts of target protein accumulate compared with usual expression plasmids. Reported host plants, including Nicotiana benthamiana, a common plant for agroinfiltration, need several weeks after sowing to grow enough for infection. To shorten the culture period and, thereby, improve target protein production, we tested sprouts as host plants. Sprouts were grown in the dark to encourage elongation so that vacuum infiltration becomes easier, and this was followed by a few days of exposure to illumination before infection with pBYR2HS-EGFP, the EGFP expression plasmid of the Tsukuba system. Among six tested species of Fabaceae and Brassicaceae, radish showed the highest transient expression. Among six tested radish cultivars, Kaiware, Hakata, and Banryoku provided the best results. Culturing for 5 day, including 1 day of imbibition and 1 to 2 day of exposure to illumination resulted in EGFP fluorescence in 80% of the cotyledon area. Thus, a remarkable amount of EGFP was obtained only 8 day after seed imbibition. The EGFP amount in Kaiware cotyledons was comparable with Rubisco at ∼0.7 mg/g fresh weight. Kaiware sold in supermarkets could also be used, but resulted in lower expression levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakihito Kitajima
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-75-724-7791
| | - Kenji Miura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Junko Yasuda
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Over the recent years the market demand for scaling up the production of European radish (Raphanus sativus L.) varieties and hybrids for open and protected production, varying in ripeness group, root shape and color, has drastically increased. Therefore, the expansion of genetic diversity and acceleration of the selection process are important. Doubled haploid technology considerably curtails the time required for creation of homozygous constant parental cell lines when in vitro microspore culture is used as the most promising method. For the first time, we were able to realize the full production cycle of DH plants of European radish by in vitro microspore culture up to inclusion of the produced material into the selection process. We have selected: preferable flower bud size, heat shock parameters, induction and regeneration media. It was revealed that linear length on the flower buds with the best possible stage of microspore development is genotype-specific: the flower bud length 2.8-3.3 mm is optimal for accessions of Rhodes and 3.7-4.2 mm is optimal for accessions of Teplichny Gribovsky. Heat shock at 32 °C for 48 hours is the most suitable for most genotypes. For the first time Murashige and Skoog based culture medium has been used for embryogenesis induction, and a major dependence of embryogenesis induction on the genotype × medium interaction was found. At regeneration and tiller stage it is advisable to add 1 mg/mL of benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg/L of gibberellic acid to the medium, and rotting of micro-sprouts is performed with the use of hormone-free medium. Analysis of the produced regenerant plants by chromosome count and cell nucleus flow cytometry showed that 69 % of plants have a diploid chromosome set, 9 % have a haploid chromosome set, and 22 % have mixoploids and aneuploids chromosome sets. The seed progeny from doubled haploids and mixoploids were obtained by self-pollination, where all R1 plants had a doubled set of chromosomes. This study launches the development of an efficient method of radish doubled haploid production to be used in the selection process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E V Kozar
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Vegetable Center", VNIISSOK, Odintsovo region, Moscow oblast, Russia
| | - E A Domblides
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Vegetable Center", VNIISSOK, Odintsovo region, Moscow oblast, Russia
| | - A V Soldatenko
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Vegetable Center", VNIISSOK, Odintsovo region, Moscow oblast, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Quy TN, Xuan TD, Andriana Y, Tran HD, Khanh TD, Teschke R. Cordycepin Isolated from Cordyceps militaris: Its Newly Discovered Herbicidal Property and Potential Plant-Based Novel Alternative to Glyphosate. Molecules 2019; 24:E2901. [PMID: 31405038 PMCID: PMC6720702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently much interest in finding new phytochemicals among plants and fungi as nature-based alternatives to replace problematic herbicides such as glyphosate, which are preferentially used in agricultural production n. We discovered striking herbicidal potency in Cordyceps militaris (L.) and identified cordycepin as its principal plant growth inhibitor. Cordycepin obtained as an ethyl acetate extract was subjected to column chromatography and evaluated for its bioassay-guided phytotoxic capacity against Raphanus sativus (radish), showing a maximum inhibition on germination and growth of radish (IC50 = 0.052-0.078 mg/mL). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (m/z: 251.2) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) ([M + Na]+ m/z: 274.1; [M + H]+ m/z: 252.1) analyses confirmed cordycepin as the major component of the tested column fraction (55.38%). At 0.04 mg/mL, cordycepin showed 3.8-5.9- and 3.3-3.7-fold greater inhibition of the germination and growth of radish than benzoic acid (BA) and glyphosate, respectively. Compared with BA, isolated cordycepin reduced plant chlorophyll and carotenoid contents (2.0-9.5 -fold), while proline, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were increased 1.2-1.8-fold. Finally, cordycepin promoted electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation in radish aerial parts. Thus, cordycepin successfully isolated from Cordyceps militaris is a highly potent plant growth inhibitor with pending worldwide patent and may become a potential plant-based novel alternative to the disputed glyphosate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tran Ngoc Quy
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
- Can Tho University, Can Tho City 902070, Vietnam
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Yusuf Andriana
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - Hoang-Dung Tran
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh 72820, Vietnam
| | - Tran Dang Khanh
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi 122000, Vietnam
- Center for Expert, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam
| | - Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, 63450 Hanau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rogacz D, Lewkowski J, Siedlarek M, Karpowicz R, Kowalczyk A, Rychter P. The Effect of New Thiophene-Derived Diphenyl Aminophosphonates on Growth of Terrestrial Plants. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12122018. [PMID: 31238500 PMCID: PMC6630915 DOI: 10.3390/ma12122018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of the thiophene-derived aminophosphonates 1–6 on seedling emergence and growth of monocotyledonous oat (Avena sativa) and dicotyledonous radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and phytotoxicity against three persistent and resistant weeds (Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Rumex acetosa L., and Chenopodium album). Aminophosphonates 1–6 have never been described in the literature. The phytotoxicity of tested aminophosphonates toward their potential application as soil-applied herbicides was evaluated according to the OECD (Organization for Economic and Cooperation Development Publishing) 208 Guideline. In addition, their ecotoxicological impact on crustaceans Heterocypris incongruens and bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri was measured using the OSTRACODTOXKITTM and Microtox® tests. Obtained results showed that none of the tested compounds were found sufficiently phytotoxic and none of them have any herbicidal potential. None of the tested compounds showed important toxicity against Aliivibrio fischeri but they should be considered as slightly harmful. Harmful impacts of compounds 1–6 on Heterocypris incongruens were found to be significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rogacz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Lewkowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Marta Siedlarek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Rafał Karpowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anna Kowalczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Piotr Rychter
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang CJ, Yook MJ, Park HR, Lim SH, Kim JW, Song JS, Nah G, Song HR, Jo BH, Roh KH, Park S, Jang YS, Noua IS, Kim DS. Evaluation of maximum potential gene flow from herbicide resistant Brassica napus to its male sterile relatives under open and wind pollination conditions. Sci Total Environ 2018; 634:821-830. [PMID: 29653426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF) from genetically modified (GM) Brassica napus to its wild relatives by wind and insects is a major ecological concern in agricultural ecosystems. This study conducted is to estimate maximum potential gene flow and differentiate between wind- and bee-mediated gene flows from herbicide resistant (HR) B. napus to its closely-related male sterile (MS) relatives, B. napus, B. juncea and Raphanus sativus. Various markers, including pods formation in MS plants, herbicide resistance, and SSR markers, were used to identify the hybrids. Our results revealed the following: 1) maximum potential gene flow (a maximum % of the progeny of pollen recipient confirmed hybrid) to MS B. napus ranged from 32.48 to 0.30% and from 14.69 to 0.26% at 2-128 m from HR B. napus under open and wind pollination conditions, respectively, and to MS B. juncea ranged from 21.95 to 0.24% and from 6.16 to 0.16%, respectively; 2) estimates of honeybee-mediated gene flow decreased with increasing distance from HR B. napus and ranged from 17.78 to 0.03% at 2-128 m for MS B. napus and from 15.33 to 0.08% for MS B. juncea; 3) a small-scale donor plots would strongly favour insect over wind pollination; 4) no gene flow occurred from HR B. napus to MS R. sativus. Our approach and findings are helpful in understanding the relative contribution of wind and bees to gene flow and useful for estimating maximum potential gene flow and managing environmental risks associated with gene flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jie Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Yook
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Rim Park
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Lim
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Song
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoungju Nah
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ryong Song
- Division of Conservation Ecology, Bureau of Ecological Conservation Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, Choongnam 33657, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Ho Jo
- Division of Conservation Ecology, Bureau of Ecological Conservation Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, Choongnam 33657, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Roh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Academy, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyoung Park
- Department of Horticultural Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Jang
- Bioenery Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, Jeonnam 58545, Republic of Korea
| | - Ill-Sup Noua
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Soon Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kuroda R, Kazumura K, Ushikata M, Minami Y, Kajiya K. Elucidating the Improvement in Vascular Endothelial Function from Sakurajima Daikon and Its Mechanism of Action: A Comparative Study with Raphanus sativus. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:8714-8721. [PMID: 30037222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular diseases, such as myocardial and cerebral infarctions, are the leading causes of death. Some vascular diseases occur as the result of decreases in vascular endothelial function. The innermost layer of the vasculature is formed by vascular endothelial cells (VECs), which are critical for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. In our search for active constituents in farm products with the potential for improving the vascular system, we examined the effect of Raphanus sativus cv. Sakurajima Daikon on NO production in VECs. In this study, we found that the underlying mechanism for stimulating NO production by Sakurajima Daikon extract involves endothelial-NO-synthase (eNOS) activation by the phosphorylation of Ser1177 and the dephosphorylation of Thr495, which are triggered by elevated concentrations of cytoplasmic Ca2+ resulting from the activation of Ca2+ channels in VECs. We observed that trigonelline, an active constituent of Sakurajima Daikon, improves NO production in VEC cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rei Kuroda
- Major in Biochemical Science & Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima 890-0065 , Japan
| | - Kimiko Kazumura
- Central Research Laboratory , Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. , Hamamatsu 434-8601 , Japan
| | - Miki Ushikata
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima 890-0065 , Japan
| | - Yuji Minami
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima 890-0065 , Japan
| | - Katsuko Kajiya
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima 890-0065 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Van TM, Xuan TD, Minh TN, Quan NV. Isolation and Purification of Potent Growth Inhibitors from Piper methysticum Root. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081907. [PMID: 30065174 PMCID: PMC6222926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Piper methysticum (kava) root is known to possess promising weed suppressing activity. The present study was conducted to search for potent plant growth inhibitors from the root of this medicinal pepper plant. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract exhibited the strongest reduction on growth of Raphanus sativus (radish) (IC50 shoot and root growth = 172.00 and 51.31 µg/mL respectively) among solvent extracts. From this active extract, nine potent growth inhibitors involved in the inhibitory activities of P. methysticum root were isolated, purified and characterized by column chromatography (CC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The six fractions purified by CC included two flavanones: 5-hydroxy-4′,7-dimethoxyflavanone (C1) and 5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-6,8-dimethylflavanone (matteucinol, C2) and six kavalactones: 5,6-dehydro-kavain (C3), a mixture of kavain and yagonin (C4), yagonin (C5) and dihydro-5,6-dehydrokavain, 7,8-dihydrokavain, dihydromethysticin and methysticin (C6). The amounts of 5-hydroxy-4′,7-dimethoxyflavanone, matteucinol, 5,6-dehydrokavain and yangonin were 0.76, 2.50, 2.75 and 2.09 mg/g dry weight (DW), respectively. The two flavanones C1 and C2 exhibited the strongest inhibition on shoot elongation (IC50 = 120.22 and 248.03 µg/mL, respectively), whilst the two kavalactone mixtures C4 and C6 showed the highest suppression on root growth of R. sativus (IC50 = 7.70 and 15.67 µg/mL, respectively). This study was the first to report the purification and inhibitory activities of the two flavanones 5-hydroxy-4′,7-dimethoxyflavanone and matteucinol in P. methysticum root. The isolated constituents from P. methysticum root including the flavanones C1 and C2 and the mixtures C4 and C6 may possess distinct modes of action on plant growth. Findings of this study highlighted that the combinations of hexane-ethyl acetate by 9:1 and 8:2 ratios successfully purified flavanones and kavalactones in P. methysticum root.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Truong Mai Van
- Graduate school for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Graduate school for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Truong Ngoc Minh
- Graduate school for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Nguyen Van Quan
- Graduate school for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ahmad K, Ashfaq A, Khan ZI, Bashir H, Sohail M, Mehmood N, Dogan Y. Metal accumulation in Raphanus sativus and Brassica rapa: an assessment of potential health risk for inhabitants in Punjab, Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:16676-16685. [PMID: 29603105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pakistan is an agricultural country and due to the shortage of clean water, most of the irrigated area (32,500 ha) of Pakistan was supplied with wastewater (0.876 × 109 m3/year). Concentrations of heavy metals in radish (Raphanus sativus) and turnip (Brassica rapa) taken from vegetable fields in Sargodha, Pakistan, were measured. Untreated wastewater was used persistently for a long time to irrigate these vegetable fields. A control site was selected that had a history of fresh groundwater irrigation. Mean metal concentrations were found for irrigation water, soil, and vegetables. In irrigation water, concentrations of Mo and Pb at three sites and Se at sites II and III were higher than the recommended limits. In vegetables, concentrations of Mo and Pb were above the maximum permissible limits. High bioconcentration factor was observed for Zn (12.61 in R. sativus and 11.72 in B. rapa) at site I and high pollution load index was found for Pb (3.89 in R. sativus and 3.87 in B. rapa) at site II. The differences in metal concentrations found in samples depended upon different soil nature and assimilation capacities of vegetables at different sites which in turn depended upon different environmental cues. The entrance of metal and metalloids to human body may happen through different pathways; however, the food chain is the chief route through which metals are transferred from vegetables to individuals. Health risk index observed for metals, (Mo, As, Ni, Cu, and Pb) higher than 1 indicated high risk through consumption of these vegetables at three sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Humayun Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Naunain Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Yunus Dogan
- Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Doheny-Adams T, Lilley CJ, Barker A, Ellis S, Wade R, Atkinson HJ, Urwin PE, Redeker K, Hartley SE. Constant Isothiocyanate-Release Potentials across Biofumigant Seeding Rates. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:5108-5116. [PMID: 29624055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofumigation is an integrated pest-management method involving the mulching of a glucosinolate-containing cover crop into a field in order to generate toxic isothiocyanates (ITCs), which are effective soil-borne-pest-control compounds. Variation in biofumigation efficacy demonstrates a need to better understand the factors affecting pest-control outcomes and develop best practices for choosing biofumigants, growth conditions, and mulching methods that allow the greatest potential isothiocyanate release. We measured the glucosinolate concentrations of six different commercial varieties of three biofumigant plant species: Brassica juncea (ISCI99, Vitasso, and Scala) Raphanus sativus (Diablo and Bento), and Sinapis alba (Ida Gold). The plants were grown in the range of commercially appropriate seeding rates and sampled at three growth stages (early development, mature, and 50% flowering). Within biofumigant species, the highest ITC-release potentials were achieved with B. juncea cv. ISCI99 and R. sativus cv. Bento. The highest ITC-release potential occurred at the 50% flowering growth stage across the species. The seeding rate had a minor impact on the ITC-release potential of R. sativus but had no significant effects on the ITC-release potentials of the B. juncea or S. alba cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Doheny-Adams
- Department of Biology , University of York , York YO10 5DD , England
| | - C J Lilley
- Faculty of Biological Sciences , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , England
| | - A Barker
- Barworth Agriculture Ltd. , Sleaford NG34 9NB , England
| | - S Ellis
- Department of Biology , University of York , York YO10 5DD , England
| | - R Wade
- Department of Biology , University of York , York YO10 5DD , England
| | - H J Atkinson
- Faculty of Biological Sciences , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , England
| | - P E Urwin
- Faculty of Biological Sciences , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , England
| | - K Redeker
- Department of Biology , University of York , York YO10 5DD , England
| | - S E Hartley
- Department of Biology , University of York , York YO10 5DD , England
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Singh D, Kumar A. Investigating long-term effect of nanoparticles on growth of Raphanus sativus plants: a trans-generational study. Ecotoxicology 2018; 27:23-31. [PMID: 29043473 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been an unprecedented growth in the application of nanoparticles (NPs) worldwide. Even though the acute toxicity of CuO and ZnO NPs to plants has been investigated in past, the trans-generational effects of these NPs in the environment are still unknown. In this study, we investigated whether the treatment of radish plants with CuO and ZnO NPs as single compound and as a binary mixture (10, 100 and 1000 mg/Kg soil) through their lifecycle would affect the seed quality and the development of second-generation seedlings or not. Results showed reduced root length, shoot length and biomass in F1 seedlings of NPs treated plants. The treated F1 seeds had smaller seed weight with accumulated Cu and Zn. The effect of toxic interaction between CuO and ZnO on plant growth was antagonistic in nature. Evaluation of the trans-generational impact is important to understand the long-term effect of NPs on the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Singh
- Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Parmar N, Thakur AK, Kumar P, Thakur PD, Bhardwaj SV. Molecular characterization of Turnip mosaic potyvirus ( TuMV)-infecting radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) crop in India. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:382. [PMID: 29134159 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-1016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine isolates of Turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV)-infecting radish collected from different regions of Northern India were characterized. All isolates except for New Delhi and Rajasthan isolates resulted positive for TuMV in double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). RNA was isolated from leaves of infected plants and used in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with TuMV coat protein (CP) gene-specific primers. Viral amplicons of expected 1000 bp size were obtained, which were further subjected to cloning and sequencing. CP gene of all the seven isolates was 867 bp long, encoding 288 amino acid residues. Percent homology of CP gene of all the Indian isolates among themselves and with other TuMV isolates retrieved from NCBI was in the range of 87-99 and 92-100% at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based upon CP gene nucleotide and amino acid sequences with other TuMV isolates reported from across the globe using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) inferred classification of test isolates into basal-BR group due to their occurrence nearest to the TuMV isolates belonging to the basal-BR group. Information generated about the characteristic features of TuMV and geographical distribution of particular virus genotype-infecting radish crop will provide a platform for formulating disease resistance strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nehanjali Parmar
- Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP 173 230 India
| | - Ajay Kumar Thakur
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan 321 303 India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP 173 230 India
| | - P D Thakur
- Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP 173 230 India
| | - Sat Vrat Bhardwaj
- Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP 173 230 India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Karanja BK, Fan L, Xu L, Wang Y, Zhu X, Tang M, Wang R, Zhang F, Muleke EM, Liu L. Genome-wide characterization of the WRKY gene family in radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) reveals its critical functions under different abiotic stresses. Plant Cell Rep 2017; 36:1757-1773. [PMID: 28819820 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The radish WRKY gene family was genome-widely identified and played critical roles in response to multiple abiotic stresses. The WRKY is among the largest transcription factors (TFs) associated with multiple biological activities for plant survival, including control response mechanisms against abiotic stresses such as heat, salinity, and heavy metals. Radish is an important root vegetable crop and therefore characterization and expression pattern investigation of WRKY transcription factors in radish is imperative. In the present study, 126 putative WRKY genes were retrieved from radish genome database. Protein sequence and annotation scrutiny confirmed that RsWRKY proteins possessed highly conserved domains and zinc finger motif. Based on phylogenetic analysis results, RsWRKYs candidate genes were divided into three groups (Group I, II and III) with the number 31, 74, and 20, respectively. Additionally, gene structure analysis revealed that intron-exon patterns of the WRKY genes are highly conserved in radish. Linkage map analysis indicated that RsWRKY genes were distributed with varying densities over nine linkage groups. Further, RT-qPCR analysis illustrated the significant variation of 36 RsWRKY genes under one or more abiotic stress treatments, implicating that they might be stress-responsive genes. In total, 126 WRKY TFs were identified from the R. sativus genome wherein, 35 of them showed abiotic stress-induced expression patterns. These results provide a genome-wide characterization of RsWRKY TFs and baseline for further functional dissection and molecular evolution investigation, specifically for improving abiotic stress resistances with an ultimate goal of increasing yield and quality of radish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Kinuthia Karanja
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianxue Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwen Zhu
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Mingjia Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Everlyne M'mbone Muleke
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Xu L, Wang Y, Zhang F, Tang M, Chen Y, Wang J, Karanja BK, Luo X, Zhang W, Liu L. Dissecting Root Proteome Changes Reveals New Insight into Cadmium Stress Response in Radish ( Raphanus sativus L.). Plant Cell Physiol 2017; 58:1901-1913. [PMID: 29016946 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread heavy metal of particular concern with respect to the environment and human health. Although intensive studies have been conducted on Cd-exposed transcriptome profiling, little systematic proteome information is available on the molecular mechanism of Cd stress response in radish. In this study, the radish root proteome under Cd stress was investigated using a quantitative multiplexed proteomics approach. Seedlings were grown in nutrient solution without Cd (control) or with 10 or 50 μM CdCl2 for 12 h (Cd10 and Cd50, respectively). In total, 91 up- and 66 down-regulated proteins were identified in the control vs Cd10 comparison, while 340 up- and 286 down-regulated proteins were identified in the control vs Cd50 comparison. Functional annotation indicated that these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, stress and defense and signal transduction processes. Correlation analysis showed that 33 DEPs matched with their transcripts, indicating a relatively low correlation between transcript and protein levels under Cd stress. Quantitative real-time PCR evidenced the expression patterns of 12 genes encoding their corresponding DEPs. In particular, several pivotal proteins associated with carbohydrate metabolism, ROS scavenging, cell transport and signal transduction were involved in the coordinated regulatory network of the Cd stress response in radish. Root exposure to Cd2+ activated several key signaling molecules and metal-containing transcription factors, and subsequently some Cd-responsive functional genes were mediated to reduce Cd toxicity and re-establish redox homeostasis in radish. This is a first report on comprehensive proteomic characterization of Cd-exposed root proteomes in radish. These findings could facilitate unraveling of the molecular mechanism underlying the Cd stress response in radish and provide fundamental insights into the development of genetically engineered low-Cd-content radish cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Fei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Mingjia Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Bernard Kinuthia Karanja
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Liwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
For more than three decades, various in vitro and in vivo studies have linked radishes with diabetes, though this link has not been discussed. This review systematically addresses and summarizes the effect of radishes on diabetes. We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE databases for English language articles from June 1987 through May 2017 using the key words "radish" and "diabetes," and the references from particular reports were also considered if relevant. In summary, radish has been identified as having antidiabetic effects, making it favorable for those with diabetic conditions. This may be due to its ability to enhance the antioxidant defense mechanism and reduce the accumulation of free radicals, affect hormonal-induced glucose hemostasis, promote glucose uptake and energy metabolism, and reduce glucose absorption in the intestine. However, this summary requires further confirmation in research in vivo studies and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ali Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lewkowski J, Morawska M, Karpowicz R, Rychter P, Rogacz D, Lewicka K, Dobrzyński P. Evaluation of ecotoxicological impact of new pyrrole-derived aminophosphonates using selected bioassay battery. Ecotoxicology 2017; 26:914-929. [PMID: 28560496 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Six new dimethyl N-arylamino(2-pyrrolyl)methylphosphonates 2a-f were synthesized by the modified aza-Pudovik reaction. Their ecotoxicological impact using battery of bioassay was assessed using Microtox and Ostracodtoxit tests as well as phytotoxicity towards two plants, dicotyledonous radish (Raphanus sativus) and monocotyledonous oat (Avena sativa) following the OECD 208 Guideline. Ecotoxicological properties of compounds 2a-f in aspect of acute and chronic toxicity were evaluated using Heterocypris incongruens and Aliivibrio fisheri tests. The obtained results showed that tested aminophosphonates 2a-f have moderate-to-high phyto- and ecotoxicological impact. They are toxic for both plants but more toxic against dicotyledonous. The investigated compounds showed important ecotoxicity against Heterocypris incongruens crustaceans and Aliivibrio fisheri bacteria. It was found that the substituents of the phenyl ring plays a key role in the degree of toxicity. Results showed that investigated compounds are ecologically toxic and that any of their application should be implemented with care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Lewkowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, Łódź, 91-403, Poland.
| | - Marta Morawska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, Łódź, 91-403, Poland
| | - Rafał Karpowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, Łódź, 91-403, Poland
| | - Piotr Rychter
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., Częstochowa, 42-200, Poland.
| | - Diana Rogacz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., Częstochowa, 42-200, Poland
| | - Kamila Lewicka
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., Częstochowa, 42-200, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrzyński
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., Częstochowa, 42-200, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, Zabrze, 41-819, Poland
| |
Collapse
|