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Bazzano M, Marchegiani A, La Gualana F, Petriti B, Spaterna A, Laus F. Salivary analysis to unveil the paradigma of stress of domestic horses reared in the wild. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11266. [PMID: 38760454 PMCID: PMC11101484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Horse welfare is the product of multiple factors, including behavioral and physiological adjustments to cope with stressful situation regarding environment and housing condition. Collectively, it is supposed that a horse kept in the wild has a lower level of stress than other housing system, and the aim of the present study was to investigate the level of stress in domestic horses reared in the wild and then moved to human controlled housing, through saliva analysis. Twelve clinically healthy Catria (Italian local breed) mares, usually reared in the wild, were moved into collective paddocks for a folkloric event. Saliva samples were obtained before and after the change of housing condition to evaluate stress biomarkers including salivary cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase, and butyrylcholinesterase (BChol). The mares were also scored using the Welfare Aggregation and Guidance (WAG) Tool to highlight the presence of abnormal behaviors. Despite the absence of differences in behavioral scores between wild and paddocks, salivary cortisol and BChol were found to be higher in the wild and lower when mares were moved to paddocks. The highest concentrations in stress biomarkers like salivary cortisol and BChol in the wild was unexpected, but the need for managing hierarchical relationships, and the exposure to feral animals, predators, and weather changes, might explain these findings. The overall results of the present study may provide further knowledge toward stress response in domesticated horses living in the wild moved to human controlled housing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bazzano
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024, Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - A Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024, Matelica, MC, Italy.
| | - F La Gualana
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, RM, Italy
| | - B Petriti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, RM, Italy
| | - A Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024, Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - F Laus
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024, Matelica, MC, Italy
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Yahoo M, Mohd Salleh NH, Chatri F, Huixin L. Economic and environmental analysis of Malaysia's 2025 renewable and sustainable energy targets in the generation mix. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30157. [PMID: 38756591 PMCID: PMC11096703 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In pursuing the goals of sustainable development and transiting from fossil fuel-dependent electricity generation to renewable and sustainable alternatives as endorsed by COP28, Malaysia set a 31 % target for renewable-energy in the power generation mix by 2025. This underlines Malaysia's commitment to combat climate change, mainly by reducing its economy-wide GDP carbon intensity by 45 % from the 2005 levels by 2030. To better understand the effects of renewable energy expansion on the economy, environment, electricity output and input-mix, a computable general equilibrium model is applied using an updated benchmark. The simulation results show that increasing the share of coal and gas in the power generation mix compromises emission reduction targets. Further, there is a trade-off between subsidized natural gas supplies and power generation and exports. The results also show that a larger proportion of renewable energy leads to improved welfare. As the share of gas and coal in renewable energy generation is not very high, its impact on carbon emissions is limited. However, if renewable energy expansion is complemented by subsidy rationalizations, the positive impacts are more pronounced. In terms of policy implications, the findings suggest that Malaysia must step up its emission reduction efforts by augmenting the generation of renewable rather than non-renewable resources. Complementary initiatives such as emission abatement policies and consumption subsidies for refined oil products and fossil-fuel power generation should be rationalized to expand renewable resources, improve energy security, and attain emission reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Yahoo
- Center for Sustainable and Inclusive Development Studies, Faculty of Economics and Management, National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Norlida Hanim Mohd Salleh
- Center for Sustainable and Inclusive Development Studies, Faculty of Economics and Management, National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Fatemeh Chatri
- Faculty of Economics and Management, National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Li Huixin
- Faculty of Economics and Management, National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
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Murillo AC, Abdoli A, Blatchford RA, Keogh EJ, Gerry AC. Low levels of chicken body louse (Menacanthus stramineus) infestations affect chicken welfare in a cage-free housing system. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:221. [PMID: 38745229 PMCID: PMC11092089 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chicken body louse is an obligate ectoparasite of domestic chickens. Chicken body lice feed on feathers, and infestation with this louse is linked to decreases in egg production, hen weight, and feed conversion efficiency. However, it is unknown how chicken body lice impact egg-laying chickens in cage-free environments. Welfare and behavior metrics were collected from flocks of egg-laying chickens either infested with chicken body lice or left uninfested. METHODS In two trials, two flocks of cage-free commercial egg-laying chickens were infested with chicken body lice or maintained as uninfested controls. At three timepoints, behavior and welfare of all chickens was measured. On-animal sensors were used to quantify pecking, preening, and dustbathing behavior. Other animal-based welfare metrics included recording comb wounds and skin lesions. RESULTS Birds infested with chicken body lice exhibited significantly more preening behaviors than uninfested birds, even at low louse levels. Moderate or severe skin lesions were detected on birds that were moderately infested with chicken body lice while skin lesions were never detected on uninfested birds. CONCLUSIONS The welfare of chickens was impacted by the chicken body louse, a chewing louse that primarily feather feeds. Evidence of skin lesions on infested birds suggests that lice may cause more damage to birds than previously thought, and further evaluation of louse economic damage is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Murillo
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Alireza Abdoli
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Blatchford
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Animal Welfare, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eammon J Keogh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Alec C Gerry
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Kumar P, Abubakar AA, Ahmed MA, Hayat MN, Halim FA, Rahman MM, Ajat M, Kaka U, Goh YM, Sazili AQ. Behavioral, physiological, and hormonal responses during pre-slaughter handling in goats: A comparison between trained and untrained handlers. Anim Biosci 2024:ab.24.0050. [PMID: 38754849 DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The livestock handler attitude and their handling of animals is crucial for improving animal welfare standards, minimizing stress, improving productivity and meat quality. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of training livestock handlers on behavioral, physiological, and hormonal responses during preslaughter handling in goats. Methods A total of 6 handlers were divided into trained (trained in basic animal handling practices, animal behavior, and animal welfare), contact trained (not trained directly but interacted and saw the working of trained handlers), and untrained groups (no formal training). The handling experiment was conducted on 18 male goats by following a cross-over design. The goats were moved from lairage to slaughter point by trained, contact-trained, and untrained handlers. Various behavioral, physiological, and hormonal parameters were recorded at the lairage before handling and at the slaughter point after handling the goats. Results The training of livestock handlers had a significant effect on behavioral, physiological, and hormonal responses in goats. The goats handled by untrained and contact-trained handlers were recorded with intense vocalization, significant (p<0.05) increase in heart rate and blood glucose, and catecholamines (adrenaline and nor-adrenaline), thereby indicating stress and poor animal welfare. The trained handlers were observed to use visual interactions (waving of hands or objects, blocking, hand raising, etc), and lower stress responses were recorded in the goats handled by this group. Conclusion The present study highlights the importance of training to livestock handlers in improving animal welfare and minimizing stress in goats during preslaughter stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Ahmed Abubakar Abubakar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muideen Adewale Ahmed
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nizam Hayat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fakhrullah Abd Halim
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md Moklesur Rahman
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ubedullah Kaka
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong-Meng Goh
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Gómez Á, Lacasta D, Teresa Tejedor M, Ruiz de Arcaute M, Ramos JJ, Ruiz H, Ortín A, Villanueva-Saz S, Reina R, Quílez P, Navarro T, Verde M, Borobia M, Windsor PA. Use of a local anaesthetic and antiseptic wound formulation for the treatment of lambs naturally infected with Orf virus. Vet Microbiol 2024; 292:110037. [PMID: 38479302 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a worldwide highly contagious zoonotic viral skin disease of sheep and goats. Treatment for Orf virus (ORFV) infection usually involves topical and oral antibiotics. An anaesthetic and antiseptic topical gel (Multisolfen® or Tri-Solfen®; MS®, Medical Ethics, Australia) has been documented as an efficacious therapy for lesions from mucosal and epithelial viral infections in ruminants. The present study tested a new treatment protocol of MS® for CE therapy on-farm in 150 lambs naturally infected with ORFV. Lambs were divided into three cohorts of 50 lambs each (C, D and E). Cohort C was treated with MS® 3 times with an interval of 3 days between treatments, cohort D was treated daily with hypochlorous acid, whilst cohort E served as untreated controls. The lambs were examined clinically every two days, weight measured weekly, with whole blood and sterile swabs from ORFV lesions collected for haematological analysis and specific ORFV PCR. Cohort C presented fewer lambs displaying ORFV-associated lesions than other cohorts at different times of the experiment. Further, lesions treated with MS® were milder compared with other cohorts. However, following cessation of therapy, most of the lambs again developed ORFV-associated lesions. No differences between cohorts were observed in weight, haematological and PCR results. These findings suggest that topical treatment with MS® is effective for CE in field conditions, especially in the first stages of the clinical course, although treatment with MS® may need to be extended a minimum of 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álex Gómez
- Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain.
| | - Delia Lacasta
- Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain.
| | - María Teresa Tejedor
- Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics Department, CIBER CV (Universidad de Zaragoza-IIS), Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain.
| | - Marta Ruiz de Arcaute
- Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - Juan José Ramos
- Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - Héctor Ruiz
- Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - Aurora Ortín
- Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - Ramsés Reina
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva 31192, Spain.
| | - Pablo Quílez
- Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - Teresa Navarro
- Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - Maite Verde
- Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - Marta Borobia
- Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - Peter Andrew Windsor
- University of Sydney, Sydney School of. Veterinary Science, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
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Brajon S, Tallet C, Merlot E, Lollivier V. Barriers and drivers of farmers to provide outdoor access in pig farming systems: a qualitative study. Animal 2024; 18:101138. [PMID: 38631256 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Part of the farmers have chosen to raise pigs with outdoor access. However, providing outdoor access to pigs is not a simple matter, and many farmers are hesitating or feel powerless to engage in this transition. A better understanding of their needs and challenges could facilitate the development of innovations that generate commitment. This survey aimed to identify the French pig farmers' barriers to and drivers for providing outdoor access to pigs. A total of 36 farmers, aged 25-60, who worked in all types of pig farming systems (from full indoor to free-range) participated in a semi-structured interview that lasted 1.25-2.25 h. The topics covered included a historical overview, a description of the farm and practices, as well as opinions about the impact of outdoor access on farmers, animals, production and economic performance, environment, and society. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Most of the participants agreed that rearing pigs indoors is a different job from that of rearing pigs with outdoor access and that it is above all a matter of choice, farmer work conception, and work comfort. Farmers generally agreed that working outdoors is particularly arduous, but this could be compensated by the satisfaction of being in contact with nature and seeing animals in a more complex environment. A large majority of farmers managing a system with outdoor access raised the issue of lack of support, highlighting the need for refinement and diffusion of guides of practices as well as day-to-day support. The impact of outdoor access on the health and welfare of pigs was discussed, especially regarding climatic hazards and the risk of zoonoses, and several outdoor farmers explained how their relationship with the animals changes when pigs are raised outside. Given that zootechnical performance may significantly decrease in farms with outdoor access, various strategies can be employed to maintain profitability, such as feed production, circularity, direct sales, or work diversification. They could be either motivating or demotivating factors depending on the individuals. Concerns about social criticism were prominent among many indoor farmers while farmers providing outdoor access generally felt more serene and proud. Overall, this study can serve as a basis to identify levers that could remove barriers, foster the adherence of more farmers, and facilitate the transition towards more pig farming systems with outdoor access, provided that those systems are viable and beneficial for the welfare and health of the animals and farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brajon
- UMR PEGASE, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, INRAE, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - C Tallet
- UMR PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - E Merlot
- UMR PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - V Lollivier
- UMR PEGASE, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, INRAE, 35042 Rennes, France
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Kapustka J, Budzyńska M, Staniszewska P, Strachecka A, Staniszewski A, Wojtaś J. The influence of selected factors on wool cortisol concentration in alpacas (Vicugna pacos). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 350:114474. [PMID: 38373464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Several internal and external factors can influence animals' hormonal activity. Cortisol level in hair and wool determines chronic stress, which is connected with the long-term HPA axis effect. Wool cortisol levels in alpacas have never been determined to this time. The study aimed to assess the influence of selected factors on wool cortisol concentration in alpacas. The study included 36 alpacas. Wool samples were collected during shearing in June 2021, cut with an electric clipper from the right shoulder and the rump. Wool samples were fragmented into proximal (winter-spring regrowth) and distal (summer-fall regrowth) segments. Alpacas' Heat Stress Index (HSI) for the summer of 2020 was 139.4, and 116 for the winter of 2021. The cortisol levels in the wool samples were determined with the General Cortisol ELISA Kit assay. The most significant differences in wool cortisol concentrations were caused by two factors: the wool segment (P < 0.001; η2 = 0.889) and the region on the body (P < 0.001; η2 = 0.876). Wool cortisol level was higher in the distal segment (referring to the summer-fall season) than in the proximal one (referring to the winter-spring season). It is suggested that alpacas can feel heat stress in summer (HSI = 139.4), which could influence higher cortisol levels in the distal segment. The wool cortisol level was higher in the rump samples than the shoulder ones. Therefore, it is essential in future studies that wool samples from all tested animals should be completed from the same body region. Differences among age and sex groups were also observed. Wool cortisol level was higher in older animals, as differences between age groups were observed in samples from the rump in the distal and proximal segments (distal, the rump younger*older: P < 0.001; η2 = 0.321; proximal, the rump older*younger: P = 0.007; η2 = 0.195). Males showed higher cortisol levels than females, as a difference between sexes was observed in samples from the rump in the proximal segment (P = 0.001, η2 = 0.271). This study emphasizes that various factors may significantly influence wool cortisol levels, which can be helpful in alpacas' welfare estimation using this hormonal indicator as a noninvasive long-term stress assessment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kapustka
- Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Budzyńska
- Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Staniszewska
- Department of Invertebrate Ecophysiology and Experimental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Doświadczalna 50a, 20-280 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Strachecka
- Department of Invertebrate Ecophysiology and Experimental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Doświadczalna 50a, 20-280 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Staniszewski
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704, Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Wojtaś
- Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Yu YC, Nimeh Z. An unlevel playing field: Immigrant assimilation and welfare utilization. Soc Sci Res 2024; 120:103008. [PMID: 38763542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
This paper investigates the existence and mechanisms of segmentation in the welfare assimilation process of first-generation immigrants in the Netherlands. Using longitudinal administrative data (2007-2015) from Statistics Netherlands (CBS), we estimate the welfare utilization trajectories of migrants over the working-age life course vis-à-vis two reference groups representing different economic segments from the population, namely: average Dutch natives and Dutch natives with low education level. Empirical evidence shows a predominant trend of mainstream assimilation; however, two findings with more concerning implications should be highlighted. Welfare assimilation into the economically disadvantaged segment is found to concentrate among first-generation immigrants characterized by structural and human capital disadvantages, despite the notable extent of upward intragenerational mobility observed. In the worst-case scenario, there seems to be a lack of welfare assimilation to the comparison segments, raising concerns over the prospective emergence of marginalized ethnic groups at the bottom of the economic ladder. The implications of this finding are twofold. Firstly, automatic closing of the migrant-native gap over time should not be presumed in the absence of a level playing field for all regardless of their migration backgrounds. Secondly, systematic discrepancies observed between refugees and other types of migrants in terms of welfare assimilation patterns and determinants point to the need to have a clear distinction between immigration policy and refugee policy, which explicitly avoids bundling all migrants as one homogenous group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yip-Ching Yu
- Maastricht University, School of Business and Economics, Maastricht, The Netherlands & United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-Merit), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Zina Nimeh
- Maastricht University, School of Business and Economics, Maastricht, The Netherlands & United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-Merit), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Ede T, Ceribelli M, Parsons TD. Gilts prefer an open pen to a stall. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9684. [PMID: 38678149 PMCID: PMC11055906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Stalls or crates are a very common type of housing used on pig farms that restrict an animal's movement. How this confinement impacts the animal's affective states is seldom investigated. We conducted a preference test over 7 days where trios of gilts (n = 10 trios, 27.4 ± 1.5 weeks old) had free access between individual self-locking stalls (~ 1.2 m2) and a shared open area allowing 2.8 m2/animal (71% of total area). Gilts had access to ad libitum feed and water both inside the crates and in the open area. After 7 days, personality traits of the animals were assessed with open field (OF) and novel object (NO) tests. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) yielded two main components, which we defined as Passivity and Engagement. The median time spent outside the crate was 95.2% as 21/29 of the gilts exhibited a significant preference for pen over crate during the 7-day trial (p < 0.05). Passivity had no relationship with time spent in the open area, but engagement during OF/NO was associated with less use of the open area (OR = 0.39, 95CI = [0.25, 0.60]). Interestingly, gilts were likely to spend less time in the open area at nighttime compared to daytime (Odds Ratio = 0.49, 95CI = [0.40, 0.60]), as well as experimental days passed (OR = 0.70, 95CI = [0.66, 0.73]). During the first daytime and nighttime, 1/29 and 2/29 animals preferred the crate respectively, whereas by the last daytime and nighttime 5 and 9 gilts preferred the crate respectively (p < 0.05). While both intrinsic (personality) and extrinsic (time of day, experimental day) factors appear to influence the gilt's housing preferences, most gilts significantly prefer an open area to a crate when free access is provided between the two. A smaller subpopulation of animals developed a preference for stalls but still utilize both the stall and the pen throughout the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ede
- Swine Teaching and Research Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA, USA.
| | - Mia Ceribelli
- Swine Teaching and Research Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Thomas D Parsons
- Swine Teaching and Research Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA, USA
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Felici M, Cogger N, Nanni Costa L, Riley CB, Padalino B. Analysis of current methods and Welfare concerns in the transport of 118 horses by commercial air cargo companies. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:158. [PMID: 38671444 PMCID: PMC11046973 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on equine air transport practices and consequences are scarce. This prospective study aimed to describe horse and air journey details and practices, document how horse behavior and health changed during the air transport phases, quantify the occurrence of welfare issues, and identify possible associations between horse and journey details, air transport practices, and welfare issues. RESULTS Data were collected from before departure to five days after arrival on 118/597 horses traveling on 32 commercial air journeys on different routes, varying in duration and conditions. Most horses were middle-aged warmblood females, 26% of which were pregnant, and being moved by air for sales. Before flying, most were quarantined (median: 18; IQR: 9-53 days), and their fitness for travel was certified by veterinarians. At the departure airports, external temperatures varied from - 6 °C to 33 °C, and horses were loaded by experienced flight grooms (median: 35; IQR: 15-40 years) into jet stalls (three-horse: 87%, two-horse: 13%). During the flights, horses were regularly watered (water intake median: 14 L) and fed ad libitum (feed consumption median: 8 kg). At the arrival airport, horses were unloaded from the jet stalls, and external temperatures ranged from - 5 °C to 32 °C. Then, all horses were transported to arrival quarantine by road. Air transport phases affected horses' health status and behavior; increased heart and respiratory rates and behaviors, such as pawing, head tossing, and vocalization, were mainly identified at departure and arrival. Horse interaction, nasal discharge, increased capillary refill time (CRT), and abnormal demeanor were observed more often one hour before landing while resting and normal capillary refill time were more often displayed five days after arrival (all P < 0.01). One hour before landing, horses with bad temperament and horses of unknown temperament were more likely to develop nasal discharge when transported in winter and autumn (P < 0.001). The likelihood of an increased CRT was associated with shorter flights in horses of unknown travel experience (P < 0.001). Ten horses were injured, and 11 developed pleuropneumonias (i.e., shipping fever). CONCLUSIONS Air transport is a complex procedure with several different phases affecting horse health and behavior. Therefore, experienced staff should carefully manage each horse before, during, and after air journeys to minimize welfare hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Felici
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Naomi Cogger
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Leonardo Nanni Costa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christopher Bruce Riley
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Barbara Padalino
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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11
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Siddharth M, Rokade JJ, Bhanja SK, Tyagi JS, Monika M, Pearlin BV, Kumar A, Gopi M. Transportation stress: Impact on behaviour and welfare in meat-type chickens under indian scenario. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27129. [PMID: 38455546 PMCID: PMC10918218 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to find standard transport time and its effect on the welfare, 480 marketable commercial broiler chickens (CARIBRO VISHAL; avg. 2.0 kg body weight) were transported for 2, 4, 8h and without transport in crates in three replicates in a completely randomized design. Transport affected welfare as well as behaviour of broiler chickens. Transport stretch impacted the gait score and tonic immobility with maximum aggravation with extended duration. Runaway results shown that 8h group exhibited more run-away time (279.20sec). Number of birds affected by physical injuries increases with the duration. Bodyweight change was significant among transported groups, especially 8h travelled group exhibited more (-8.21%) body weight loss. It is concluded that a transport period of more than 4h in Indian conditions is not recommended as its causing a significant level of stress in the birds leading to stress, production loss and hampering welfare of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Siddharth
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, UP, India
| | | | - Subrat Kumar Bhanja
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, UP, India
| | - Jagbir Singh Tyagi
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, UP, India
| | - Madheswaran Monika
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, UP, India
- ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, Hazaribagh 825405, Jharkhand, India
| | - Beulah V. Pearlin
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, UP, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, UP, India
| | - Marappan Gopi
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, UP, India
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
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12
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Han S. Media framing in the digital age: Interplay of real estate and welfare narratives in South Korean news articles. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25696. [PMID: 38449615 PMCID: PMC10915346 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study delves into the underexplored nexus between online real estate news and societal welfare news. A novel methodological approach is adopted herein: web scraping techniques amass online newspaper articles, the sentiment of which is subsequently evaluated through a neural network-informed natural language processing framework. The sentiment-oriented data is transitioned into a panel data configuration for deeper analysis. Results indicate a prevailing negative link between real estate news sentiments and those of welfare news. Intriguingly, the ascension of the conservative party amplifies this negative correspondence. This paper augments the political economy and political communication discourse by underscoring the conceivable potential influence of digital media framing on shaping public perceptions and political inclinations. It offers pertinent insights regarding the interrelation between housing wealth and political outcomes in a distinct national milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoo Han
- Department of Political Science and International Relations, Kyonggi University, South Korea
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13
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Wall KE, Prestel AL, de Oliveira BIC, Darós R, de Freitas Santi T, Michelotto PV. Superficial skin temperature recovery of distal limbs of thoroughbred racehorses after training in a racetrack in different seasons. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10344-w. [PMID: 38470524 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In the present study we aimed to investigate superficial skin temperature of racehorses' distal limbs after training in a racetrack. Male and female Thoroughbred racehorses were investigated in summer, after light training, and in the winter, after light and intense training. Horses were exercised (Exercise group, EG) under trainers' protocol while others were maintained inside their stalls (Control group, CG). Thermographic images were obtained from the front (fetlock, cannon, and carpus) and hindlimbs (fetlock, cannon, and tarsus), before exercise and 45, 60, 120 and 180 min after exercising. Images were analyzed using the Flir Tools® program. Temperatures of different moments of each group were compared using Anova for repeated measures and each moment of EG versus CG using Student t test. Horses of the CG maintained steady temperature in the winter, but in summer temperature increased at M45 until M180 (P < 0,01). EG increased temperatures after exercises that remained higher than M0 even at 180 min post-exercise (P < 0,0001), for most of the regions in winter and summer. EG temperatures were higher than CG at most of the time points after exercise. There was positive correlation between all regions' temperature and the atmospheric temperature for the CG during the summer (P = 0,003, r2 = 0,9622), observed for the front fetlock and carpal regions for the EG (P = 0.035, r2 = 0,8166). This pilot study demonstrates that, after race exercising under natural conditions skin temperature might take more than 180 min to return to basal values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Elisabeth Wall
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215901, Brazil
| | - Anne Lissa Prestel
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215901, Brazil
| | - Bruno Inácio Correa de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215901, Brazil
| | - Ruan Darós
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215901, Brazil
| | - Thasla de Freitas Santi
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215901, Brazil
| | - Pedro Vicente Michelotto
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215901, Brazil.
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14
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Raziq F, Hussain J, Ahmad S, Hussain MA, Khan MT, Ullah A, Qumar M, Wadood F, Gull-e-Faran. Effect of body weight at photostimulation on productive performance and welfare aspects of commercial layers. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:500-508. [PMID: 36915928 PMCID: PMC10915190 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to current selection practices for increased egg production and peak persistency, the production profile, age at maturity, and body weight criteria for commercial layers are constantly changing. Body weight and age at the time of photostimulation will thus always be the factors that need to be adequately addressed among various production systems. The current study was carried out to determine the effects of pullets' body weight (low, medium, and heavy) on their performance, welfare, physiological response, and hormonal profile. METHODS With regard to live weight, 150 16-week-old pullets were divided into three groups using a completely randomized design (CRD) and held until the 50th week. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the data under the CRD, and the least significant difference test was used to distinguish between treatment means. RESULTS In comparison to the medium and light birds, the heavy birds had higher body weight at maturity, an earlier age at maturity, and higher egg weight, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, egg yolk index, breaking strength, egg surface area, egg shape index, egg volume, and hormonal profile except corticosterone. However, the medium and light birds had lower feed consumption rates per dozen eggs and per kilogram of egg mass than the heavy birds. Light birds showed greater body weight gain, egg production, and egg specific gravity than the other categories. At 20 weeks of age, physiological response, welfare aspects, and catalase were non-significant; however, at 50 weeks of age, all these factors-aside from catalase-were extremely significant. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that layers can function at lower body weights during photostimulation; hence, dietary regimens that result in lighter pullets may be preferable. Additionally, the welfare of the birds was not compromised by the lighter weight group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Raziq
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-54000,
Pakistan
| | - Jibran Hussain
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-54000,
Pakistan
| | - Sohail Ahmad
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-54000,
Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Hussain
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Abdul Wali khan University, Mardan-23200,
Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Khan
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur-63100,
Pakistan
| | - Assad Ullah
- Civil Veterinary Hospital Gumbat, Kohat-26120,
Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qumar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur-63100,
Pakistan
| | - Fazal Wadood
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur-63100,
Pakistan
| | - Gull-e-Faran
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur-63100,
Pakistan
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15
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Evans RW, Maguet ZP, Stratford GM, Biggs AM, Goates MC, Novilla MLB, Frost ME, Barnes MD. Investigating the Poverty-Reducing Effects of SNAP on Non-nutritional Family Outcomes: A Scoping Review. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:438-469. [PMID: 38372834 PMCID: PMC10914930 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-024-03898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE Poverty-reduction efforts that seek to support households with children and enable healthy family functioning are vital to produce positive economic, health, developmental, and upward mobility outcomes. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is an effective poverty-reduction policy for individuals and families. This study investigated the non-nutritional effects that families experience when receiving SNAP benefits. METHODS We conducted a scoping review using the PRISMA Guidelines and strategic search terms across seven databases from 01 January 2008 to 01 February 2023 (n=2456). Data extraction involved two researchers performing title-abstract reviews. Full-text articles were assessed for eligibility (n=103). Forty articles were included for data retrieval. RESULTS SNAP positively impacts family health across the five categories of the Family Stress Model (Healthcare utilization for children and parents, Familial allocation of resources, Impact on child development and behavior, Mental health, and Abuse or neglect). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION SNAP is a highly effective program with growing evidence that it positively impacts family health and alleviates poverty. Four priority policy actions are discussed to overcome the unintentional barriers for SNAP: distributing benefits more than once a month; increasing SNAP benefits for recipients; softening the abrupt end of benefits when wages increase; and coordinating SNAP eligibility and enrollment with other programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R William Evans
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA.
| | - Zane P Maguet
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - Gray M Stratford
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - Allison M Biggs
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | | | | | - Megan E Frost
- Science Librarians, Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, USA
| | - Michael D Barnes
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
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16
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Irvine A, Haggar T. Conceptualising the social in mental health and work capability: implications of medicalised framing in the UK welfare system. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:455-465. [PMID: 36912993 PMCID: PMC10944406 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper asks whether the separation of mental health from its wider social context during the UK benefits assessment processes is a contributing factor to widely recognised systemic difficulties, including intrinsically damaging effects and relatively ineffective welfare-to-work outcomes. METHODS Drawing on multiple sources of evidence, we ask whether placing mental health-specifically a biomedical conceptualisation of mental illness or condition as a discrete agent-at the core of the benefits eligibility assessment process presents obstacles to (i) accurately understanding a claimant's lived experience of distress (ii) meaningfully establishing the specific ways it affects their capacity for work, and (iii) identifying the multifaceted range of barriers (and related support needs) that a person may have in relation to moving into employment. RESULTS We suggest that a more holistic assessment of work capacity, a different kind of conversation that considers not only the (fluctuating) effects of psychological distress but also the range of personal, social and economic circumstances that affect a person's capacity to gain and sustain employment, would offer a less distressing and ultimately more productive approach to understanding work capability. CONCLUSION Such a shift would reduce the need to focus on a state of medicalised incapacity and open up space in encounters for more a more empowering focus on capacity, capabilities, aspirations, and what types of work are (or might be) possible, given the right kinds of contextualised and personalised support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Irvine
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Tianne Haggar
- The Policy Institute, King's College London, London, UK
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17
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Just PN, Slater MJ. Potential of alginate, chitosan and polyethylene glycol as substances for colloidal drug delivery as determined by protein release and digestion. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 23:100335. [PMID: 38283333 PMCID: PMC10810738 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Colloidal encapsulations can be applied as protective matrices in aquaculture feeds. They promise an ideal approach to protect bioactive substances such as oral vaccines, pre- or probiotics against degradation due to acidic environments or untimely lixiviation. Alginate, chitosan and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are substances frequently applied in encapsulations as protective matrices. However, essential information on their direct and comparable characteristics and their effects on digestion speeds after oral application in aquaculture are lacking. The current study evaluated in vitro release and retention profiles of a model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) after encapsulation with four experimental formulations of protective matrices: ALG - alginate; AC -alginate and chitosan, AP - alginate and PEG and APC - alginate, PEG and chitosan. The iron marked treatment diets were fed to juvenile rainbow trout and digestion speed was investigated using radiographic imaging. Digestion speeds did not differ significantly between treatments, with all test diets reaching the anterior fish intestine 10 h after feeding. The BSA retention under low pH was highest for the alginate-chitosan PM (84.7 ± 5.8 %). The inclusion of PEG reduced the retention rate in low pH but significantly increased the absolute BSA release. An oil coating significantly reduced the BSA release during the initial burst for the alginate, alginate-PEG and alginate-chitosan-PEG treatments and significantly reduced retention potential under neutral pH conditions. The feeding simulation trial showed that an oil-coated diet containing alginate-chitosan as a protective matrix can be used to protect the model protein during feeding (release to the water) and against the harmful milieu of the fish stomach. Different combinations of the investigated encapsulation substances can be used to achieve optimal encapsulation and protective characteristics depending on the application objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip N. Just
- Sustainable Bioeconomy, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Matthew J. Slater
- Sustainable Bioeconomy, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
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18
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Tallent BR, Law LM, Lifshitz J. Partially divided caging reduces overall aggression and anxiety which may indicate improved welfare in group housed male C57BL/6J mice. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:69. [PMID: 38395860 PMCID: PMC10893711 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Deciding which environmental enrichment is used in mouse caging is often subjective, with cost frequently prevailing over welfare benefits, including aggression and anxiety. While many devices introduced to encourage natural behaviors and reduce aggression show mixed results, we have previously demonstrated significant reductions in aggressive behavior between group-housed male mice housed in partially divided caging. To further assess behavior, we have raised male C57BL/6J mice in either partially divided caging or in standard caging with no divider. Animal behavior was tested on rotarod, open field, novel object recognition, elevated plus maze, and Y maze. Body weights were taken weekly beginning at weaning and bite wounds were counted weekly beginning at 133 days old. Aggressive behavior was recorded weekly beginning at 133 days old. Results indicated significantly less anxiety in the elevated-plus maze, statistically fewer bite wounds, and a statistically significant decrease in aggressive behaviors of mice in partially divided caging compared to mice in standard cages. We conclude that reductions in anxiety, aggressive behavior, and bite wounds may indicate improved overall welfare for non-sibling, group housed male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret R Tallent
- Neurotrauma and Social Impact research team, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, BSPB Building, 475 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - L Matthew Law
- Neurotrauma and Social Impact research team, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, BSPB Building, 475 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Lifshitz
- Neurotrauma and Social Impact research team, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, BSPB Building, 475 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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19
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Nduka E. How do American and British Nonsmokers Value Secondhand Smoke Health Risks? J Prev (2022) 2024; 45:47-85. [PMID: 37999883 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-023-00752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite concerted efforts to enforce smoke-free laws in various countries, nonsmokers, particularly women and children, continue to be exposed to daily secondhand smoke (SHS), resulting in significant health risks. While existing studies have assessed the health effects of numerous diseases, the quantification of SHS spillovers remains understudied. This research employs choice experiments and contingent valuation techniques to rigorously quantify the attributes of SHS health risks, with a specific emphasis on facilitating cross-country comparisons. Our investigation reveals that nonsmoking individuals in the United Kingdom exhibit an attitude of indifference towards a proposed policy offering increased disposable income as compensation for SHS exposure. Conversely, nonsmoking Americans express a contrary perspective. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that nonsmoking Americans attribute a higher value to SHS health risks compared to their British counterparts. Consequently, this research uncovers a hitherto unexplored dimension of health risk-related behaviors. These findings hold the potential to significantly contribute to the development of future smoke-free policies, offering valuable insights that can inform policy decisions and address the persistent challenges associated with SHS exposure, particularly among vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanya Nduka
- Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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20
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Papadaki K, Laliotis GP, Koutsouli P, Bizelis I. Attention bias and novel object test in rams (Ovis aries) under intensive farming. Behav Processes 2024; 215:104993. [PMID: 38246264 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2024.104993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Affective states are long lasting mood states resulting from an accumulation of experiences. The knowledge of the affective state of animals can significantly help maintain and/or increase animal welfare. The aim of the study was to recognize the affective state of 13 adult rams reared under an intensive system and to further associate their affective state with hierarchy, sociability order and maintenance and social behaviour. The affective state was estimated by exposing them to an attention bias test and two novel object tests. Individuals with negative affective states performed reduced head hanging (p = 0.014), reduced agonistic behaviour (p = 0.033), increased social proximity (p = 0.009) and received less affiliative behaviours (p = 0.006). The study estimated the affective state of the rams and indicated easily recognizable maintenance and social behaviours correlated with negative affective state. Such behaviours could increase the awareness of the animals' welfare and thus improve management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallirroi Papadaki
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, GR11855 Athens, Greece
| | - George P Laliotis
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, GR11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Panagiota Koutsouli
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, GR11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Iosif Bizelis
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, GR11855 Athens, Greece
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21
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Musa AS, Kundankumar J, Needham T, Kotrba R, Ny V, Consolacion J, Ceacero F. Effects of temperament during handling and social rank on the blood biochemical parameters of common eland (Taurotragus oryx). Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10296-1. [PMID: 38261241 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Large herbivores are subject to handling and social stress in captivity. These may affect blood biochemical values, which motivated this research. Twelve healthy common eland (Taurotragus oryx) were monitored for 12 months. The animals were handled monthly, and blood samples were collected. Samples from every second month were analysed for 14 blood biochemical parameters. Temperament throughout the handling, as the summation of various behavioural responses, was calculated as a proxy of the stress generated during handling. Social behaviour was recorded each month, and the agonistic interactions were used to calculate the social rank, which was considered a proxy of social stress. Generalised Linear Mixed Models were designed to test the effects of temperament and social rank on the blood biochemical parameters while keeping sex, age, body condition, and body weight as covariates. The results show that the temperament during handling influences blood levels of albumin, alkaline phosphate, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, total bilirubin, and total protein; however, social rank has little influence, affecting just albumin. The ranges observed in the values of these biochemical parameters were still within their reference intervals, implying the absence of pathology or physiological problems during the study. The results suggest that blood biochemical values of physically restrained common eland should be carefully interpreted, even in animals already habituated to routine handling. On the contrary, social rank has low effects on the blood biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Musa
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha-Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - J Kundankumar
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha-Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - T Needham
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha-Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - R Kotrba
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha-Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, Prague 10- Uhříněves, 104 00, Czech Republic
| | - V Ny
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha-Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - J Consolacion
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha-Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - F Ceacero
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha-Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic.
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Dadi W, Mulugeta M, Semie N. Impact of urbanization on the welfare of farm households: Evidence from Adama Rural District in Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23802. [PMID: 38226218 PMCID: PMC10788457 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Urbanization is a widespread phenomenon with varying causes, patterns, and effects across countries. However, existing studies have overlooked the specific impact of urbanization on households near urban areas by failing to compare them with households in more distant regions. This study examines the impact of urbanization on rural household welfare in the Adama Rural District of the Oromia Region, Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed, selecting a sample of 397 households from two distinct categories. Of these households, 148 were located near the urban center, while 249 were far away. The study utilized descriptive and inferential data analysis methods and employed the propensity score matching technique to investigate the impact on farm households. Data was collected through questionnaires to gather cross-sectional information, supplemented by qualitative insights from Key Informant Interviews. The findings revealed that households near urban areas had a significantly lower mean annual consumer expenditure of 5207 ETB compared to 8092 ETB spent by families in distant areas. The results from propensity score matching further indicated that households near urban centers experienced lower annual consumption expenditures than those located further away. These results highlight the influence of urbanization on the welfare of rural farming households near urban areas. To address the negative effects of urbanization on these households, city administrations, and regional governments need to prioritize the development and implementation of alternative livelihood support strategies. Additionally, the study emphasizes the necessity of implementing policies that mitigate farmland loss while considering the socioeconomic factors impacting farmers in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakitole Dadi
- Addis Ababa University, College of Development Studies, Center for Rural Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Messay Mulugeta
- Addis Ababa University, College of Development Studies, Center for Food Security Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Semie
- Addis Ababa University, College of Development Studies, Center for Rural Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Thompson K, Taylor J, Massey PD, Durrheim DN. Members' experiences and perceptions of participating in an Australian Regional One Health Network. One Health Outlook 2024; 6:2. [PMID: 38212856 PMCID: PMC10782705 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-023-00093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The One Health framework is intended to optimise the interdependent health of humans, animals and ecosystems. It relies on effective collaborations across disciplines, sectors and communities. One Health networks have become increasingly important platforms for encouraging, creating and supporting collaborations. Their success is usually judged by evaluations of their outputs. However, there is also a need to understand member experiences and perceptions of the networks in which they participate. To that end, we undertook the first membership survey of a One Health network that was established in Australia in 2005. METHODS An online membership survey was created, comprising closed and open-ended questions. RESULTS Around one third of the Regional One Health Partnership ('the Network') participated in the study (33 members). Participants contributed a combined total of 170 years of experience in the Network and 414 years of combined experience working in/on One Health. The Network has provided excellent opportunities for cross sectoral collaboration that would otherwise not have been possible. Findings also highlighted the intangible benefits of membership such as the creation of a collaborative support group for emerging and established One Health practitioners. CONCLUSIONS The Network plays an important role in One Health collaborations in New South Wales and further afield. Commensurate with the literature on One Health collaborations globally, we identified a need for greater diversity amongst members, especially from First Nations people, local communities, non-government organisations and wildlife/environment experts, as well as concerted attempts to identify policy implications. Our membership survey tool could be adapted for future One Health Network membership surveys in Australia and internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirrilly Thompson
- Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, 2287, Australia.
- School of Public Health, Medicine and Well-being, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia.
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Australia.
| | - Joanne Taylor
- Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, 2287, Australia
- School of Public Health, Medicine and Well-being, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Peter D Massey
- Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, 2287, Australia
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2350, Australia
| | - David N Durrheim
- Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, 2287, Australia
- School of Public Health, Medicine and Well-being, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
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Kechroud AA, Merdaci L, Aoun L, Gherissi DE, Saidj D. Welfare evaluation of dairy cows reared in the East of Algeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:32. [PMID: 38175246 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the welfare status of dairy cows raised in local conditions through health criteria. Important health problems have been identified as well as their effect on the milk yield. One hundred seven farms in eastern Algeria were visited. Data on health, productivity, and management practices were collected. Clinical examination of 1210 dairy cows was conducted to assess health scores. The relationship between herd health and milk yield was investigated using multiple linear regression models. The average milk yield per cow was 16.1 kg/day, and the average prevalence of thin cows (body condition score ≤ 2) was 35.1%. The cow dirtiness was a sign of poor facility hygiene, with 24.3% of cows had dirty udders, 44.5% had dirty flanks/upper legs, and 59.6% had dirty hind legs. The mean prevalence of clinical lameness (locomotion score ≥ 3) and severe lameness (locomotion score ≥ 4) were 24.7% and 8.7%, respectively. The prevalence of hocks, knees, and neck injuries (score > 1) with wound and/or swelling ranged from 0 to 46.2%, 0 to 71.4%, and 0 to 14.3%, respectively. The clinical examination showed a percentage of cows with mastitis of 15.4%, diarrhea of 6.9%, cough of 3.2%, nasal discharge of 7.5%, and ocular discharge of 1.8%. Thus, the milk yield had associated with severe lameness, mastitis, thinness, and dystocia. In conclusion, the welfare indicators in this study reflect the serious health problems in dairy farming which influence the expression of the cow genetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelouahed Kechroud
- Laboratory of Epidemio-Surveillance, Production and Reproduction, Health, Cellular Experimentation and Therapy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University, PO Box 73, 36000, El-Tarf, Algeria.
| | - Latifa Merdaci
- Laboratory of Epidemio-Surveillance, Production and Reproduction, Health, Cellular Experimentation and Therapy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University, PO Box 73, 36000, El-Tarf, Algeria
| | - Leila Aoun
- Laboratory of Epidemio-Surveillance, Production and Reproduction, Health, Cellular Experimentation and Therapy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University, PO Box 73, 36000, El-Tarf, Algeria
| | - Djalel Eddine Gherissi
- Laboratory of Animal Production, Biotechnology and Health, Institute of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University, BP 41000, Souk-Ahras, Algeria
| | - Dahia Saidj
- Veterinary Sciences Institute, Saad Dahleb University, 1,B.P. 270, Route de Soumâa, 09000, Blida, Algeria
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Yulisti M, Hidayat AS, Firdausy CM, Mu'awanah U, Kurniasari N, Nurjati E. Effects of eco-friendly fishing gears on fishermen's welfare and sustainable fisheries: Lessons learned from Indonesia. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 198:115888. [PMID: 38101063 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The eco-friendly fishing gears (EFFGs) have been widely suggested as fishing gears for sustainable blue economy development. This study aims to examine the effects of the utilization of the EFFGs of blue swimming crab (BSC) on fishermen's welfare and sustainable fisheries by taking Indonesia as a case study. The number of fishermen randomly sampled was 647. The method used to analyze the data was the Endogenous Switching Regression model. The results showed that factors that have significant positive effects on fishermen's decision to adopt the EFFGs are the membership of fishermen in fisheries groups, credit access to financial sources, decision synchronization, financial capability, and fishers' perception of environmental uncertainty. Meanwhile, the complexity of fishing gears and buyer pressure have significant negative effects on fishermen's decisions to adopt EFFGs. The results also confirmed that the welfare of BSC's fishermen is better off and received positive benefits for the preservation and regeneration of resources by using the EFFGs compared to the non-EFFGs. Therefore, the application of the EFFGs for BSC fisheries supports the sustainable blue economy development goals and needs to be recommended for other coastal areas in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharani Yulisti
- Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Socio-Economics, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia
| | - Agus Syarip Hidayat
- Research Center for Industrial Economy, Trade, and Services, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia.
| | - Carunia Mulya Firdausy
- Research Center for Industrial Economy, Trade, and Services, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia; Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Tarumanagara, Indonesia.
| | - Ummi Mu'awanah
- Research Center for Industrial Economy, Trade, and Services, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia.
| | - Nendah Kurniasari
- Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Socio-Economics, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia
| | - Eka Nurjati
- Research Center for Behavioral Economics and Circular, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia.
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26
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Mogi M, Liu S. Institutional Review Board Considerations for Clinical Trials. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2766:311-316. [PMID: 38270890 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3682-4_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
To protect subjects who participate in human research, Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) play an important role in reviewing research and determining the validity of a study by comprehensively examining it for ethical issues, including invasiveness and management of personal information. They conduct regular and independent reviews to protect the health, rights, and welfare of research subjects. When we as researchers conduct clinical research, we must obtain IRB approval and submit our research for investigation of ethical issues before we begin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Friman J, Verbeek E, Sannö A, Åkerfeldt MP. Inclusion of silage in diets to fattening pigs: effect on gastric ulcers and skin lesions. Animal 2024; 18:101045. [PMID: 38128173 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited access to high-quality feed protein for pigs has made it necessary to evaluate new protein sources that both promote sustainable pig production and meet the nutritional requirements of pigs. Providing pigs with roughage has positive effects on their behaviour and gut health. However, roughage is seldom given as a part of the pigs' diet and often has a long straw length. Knowledge is lacking on the effect of feeding silage with smaller particle size and as a part of the pigs' diet on pig behaviour and welfare. This study evaluated the influence of feeding fattening pigs silage with different particle sizes on aggressive encounters, measured as the number of skin lesions, and on the occurrence of gastric lesions and ulcers. In total, 128 Swedish Yorkshire × Hampshire pigs were fed either a commercial control feed without silage (Pellet-C), or silage mixed with commercial feed, either in a pellet (Pellet-S) or in a total mixed ration (TMR) with chopped (TMR-Ch) or intensively treated silage (TMR-Ex). Skin lesions were assessed twice in the study according to the Welfare Quality® protocol. The first assessment was performed when the pigs were 105 days old and the second assessment at 132 days of age. Gastric lesions were examined in both the pars oesophagea and the pars glandularis region of the stomach. Stomachs were collected after slaughter, and gastric lesions were scored based on established scoring criteria. There was a treatment × assessment interaction on the number of skin lesions on the ear (P = 0.049). Apart from this interaction, no other effect of treatment on the number of skin lesions could be observed between the treatments or the assessment occasions. Treatment had a clear effect on the occurrence of gastric lesions and pigs fed the fresh silage (TMR-Ch and TMR-Ex) had a lower occurrence of gastric lesions and ulcers compared to the pelleted treatments (Pellet-C and Pellet-S) (P = 0.001). This study could not show any clear reduction effect of dietary silage inclusion on skin lesions. However, feeding silage in TMR significantly reduced the occurrence of stomach ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Friman
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 26, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - E Verbeek
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 26, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Sannö
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 26, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Presto Åkerfeldt
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 26, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
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Mousa-Balabel TM, Abouel-Enein FA, Eldeen MSS, Sabek AA, ALgazzar EA. Slatted floor reduces the welfare and increases the foot pad dermatitis and growth performance of Turkeys under Egyptian conditions. Open Vet J 2024; 14:46-52. [PMID: 38633194 PMCID: PMC11018450 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background When Turkeys' legscome in contact with their dropping during the growing stage results in footpad dermatitis condition which affects the poult's welfare and productivity. Aim Our experiment aimed to detect the impact of various bedding substrates on the wellbeing, and performance of growing Turkey under Egyptian conditions. Methods 180-day-old Turkey poults were allocated into three treatments. In treatment I, the poults [60 each with three replicates (n = 20 birds)] were kept on wood shavings (WS); in the second treatment, the poults were housed on chopped wheat straw (CWS). However, in the third treatment, they kept on a plastic slatted floor (PSF). Results The greater feed intake and body weight were recorded in poults reared in PSF compared with those kept in other treatments (WS and CWS). Feed conversion ratio did not show any significant difference. The mortality percentage was higher in the PSF group than in the WS one. The frequency of feeding and drinking behavior was higher in poults reared on WS treatment compared with other treatments CWS and PSF. On the other hand, resting behavior showed the highest frequency in poults kept in PSF. Contrary, the lowest frequency of walking behavior was recorded in poults reared in PSF treatment. In addition, the poults kept in WS had a longer tonic immobility reaction period followed by those kept in PSF and CWS. Concerning foot-pad dermatitis, the highest score of 0 was observed in the CWS group, while the highest score of 1 was recorded among poults kept in the WS group. On the other side, the highest score 2, 3, and 4 was observed in the poults reared in the PSF group. Heterophil/Lymphocyte ratio of Turkey poults was higher in PSF. While T3 and T4 concentrations in blood were not affected by using different bedding materials. Conclusion It is concluded that the slatted floor was good for Turkey producers from the point of performance but, it is the worst from the point of welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M. Mousa-Balabel
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Fatma A. Abouel-Enein
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Shams Eldeen
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Sabek
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Eman A. ALgazzar
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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Samara EM, Al-Badwi MA, Abdoun KA, Al-Haidary AA. Applicability of thermography as a potential non-invasive technique to assess the body-thermal status of heat-stressed and water-deprived goats (Capra hircus). J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103790. [PMID: 38354493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the use of infrared thermography to assess the thermal status of heat-stressed and water-deprived Capra hircus, full-body surface temperature (TS) and six other body-thermal variables [core, rectal (TR), and skin (TSK) temperatures, respiratory and heart rates, and total body-thermal gradient (core-to-ambient, BTG)] were measured after three days of euhydration (EU), dehydration (DE), and rehydration (RE). Results revealed that the combined effect of heat stress and water deprivation had affected all tested variables including the TS, and once these animals gained access to water in the RE stage variables returned to their EU levels. Moreover, there were positive correlations between TS and all variables with the exception of BTG. From these six variables, only three variables (i.e. the TR, TSK, and BTG) during the DE stage and two variables (i.e. the TSK and BTG) throughout the experimental stages showed higher constancy (R2 ≥ 0 75, P < 0 001; agreement intervals ±1 96 95 % CI) with TS. However, BTG appeared more closely correlated with TS, representing the body-thermal status more realistically than other variables. In effect, the mean and thresholds of the BTG were predicted using the recorded TS and were within 0.02 °C of original estimates. Collectively, these findings show that infrared thermography is appropriate for assessing body-thermal status, and thus the welfare, of these animals under the three conditions studied, and conclude that full-body TS can be a surrogate proxy for BTG in these animals. Further experiments are needed to adequately examine the reproducibility of these results under biometeorologically-simulated environments and natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad M Samara
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Al-Badwi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Abdoun
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Haidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Youssef MYI, Saleem ASY, Ahmed FA, Said EN, Abdel-Hamid SE, Gharib HSA. The impact of dietary probiotic supplementation on welfare and growth performance of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Open Vet J 2024; 14:360-369. [PMID: 38633184 PMCID: PMC11018433 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The usage of commercial probiotic products as alternatives to traditional antibiotics in fish culture is initiated to be a potential factor for Nile tilapia fish's welfare and growth. Aim The purpose of the current study is to show the influence of commercial probiotics (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) dietary supplementation at different levels on Nile tilapia welfare and growth. Methods Apparently healthy fingerlings of Nile Tilapia with a total number of 120 with an average initial weight (26.2 ± 0.3 g) were distributed into four groups (each group had 30 fingerlings). The first group (G1) was given a basal diet without additional probiotics, while other groups [second group (G2), the third group (G3), and the fourth group (G4)] were given basal diets supplemented with different levels of commercial probiotics (1 g, 2 g, and 3 g of probiotics per kilogram of diet), respectively (15 fish in each sub group as replicate), in eight glass aquaria (30 × 40 × 100 cm) for 2 months as an experimental period. Results The results revealed that the probiotic-treated groups especially G4 (3 g probiotics/kg diet) showed a marked increase in the following behavioral patterns such as feeding and swimming behaviors, while G2 (1 g probiotic/kg diet) had an increase in the foraging behavior compared with G1 control group. While surfacing, body care, and aggressive behaviors with all patterns were the highest in the control group (G1) than all probiotics-treated groups. The crossing test showed that fish rose in the probiotic-treated groups (G3 and G4) were more active and could achieve the highest growth rates. While water quality was better in G4 (3 g probiotic /kg diet) than in other groups. Moreover, G4 (3 g probiotic/kg diet) showed a marked increase in all serum biochemical parameters than the control group (G1). Conclusion The current study proved that the best level of commercial probiotics (B. amyloliquefaciens) was (3 g probiotic/kg diet) for achieving optimal Nile tilapia fingerlings' growth performance under these experimental conditions. Finally, this work confirms the significance of the addition of probiotics as a feed additive to enhance both growth performance and immunity response, improve water quality, and achieve the welfare of Nile tilapia fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Y. I. Youssef
- Department of Behaviour and Management of Animal, Poultry and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Al-Sadik Y. Saleem
- Department of Behaviour and Management of Animal, Poultry and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fayza A. Ahmed
- Department of Behaviour and Management of Animal, Poultry and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Enas N. Said
- Department of Behaviour and Management of Animal, Poultry and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shereen El. Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Behaviour and Management of Animal, Poultry and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Heba S. A. Gharib
- Department of Behaviour and Management of Animal, Poultry and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Apeadido J, Alhassah H, Ehiakpor DS. Marine plastic pollution: fishers' coping strategies and its welfare effect in Volta region, Ghana. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 198:115782. [PMID: 38043207 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The issue of marine plastic pollution has drawn significant attention from around the world due to the harm it poses to marine and coastal ecosystems. Despite this, the scholarly literature has not been able to fully explore the coping strategies adopted by fishers and their welfare effects. Motivated by this argument, this study examines the determinants of the coping strategies employed in response to marine plastic pollution, and its effect on fishers' productivity in the Volta region, Ghana. Empirically, the multinomial endogenous switching regression (MESR) model established that the drivers of the coping strategies adopted were age, knowledge, marital status, fishers' experience in fishing, and household size. Fishers that adopted purse net only, drift-gill net only, both purse and drift-gill nets and all the three fishing techniques (purse, drag and drift-gill) have a greater productivity compared to the non-adopters. Policy implications are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Apeadido
- Department of Agricultural and Food Economics, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Hamdiyah Alhassah
- Department of Economics, School of Economics, University for Development Studies, Nyankpala, Ghana.
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Oliveira BYDS, Moura CMDS, de Araújo GGL, Turco SHN, Voltolini TV, Furtado DA, de Medeiros AN, Gois GC, Campos FS. Thermoregulatory responses and ingestive behavior of sheep subjected to water restriction and high- and low-energy diets in a semi-arid environment. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103749. [PMID: 38091736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of water restriction and low- and high-energy diets on sheep's thermoregulatory responses and ingestive behavior. Forty sheep, non-castrated, with an average body weight of 18.85 kg (SD = 2.80 kg) and an average age of 5 months were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, comprising 2 diets (high- and low-energy) and 2 water offers (ad libitum and 50% water restriction), with 10 replicates. Thermoregulatory responses were evaluated in two periods (morning and afternoon). There was an interaction effect of Diet x Water supply x Periods on respiratory rate (P < 0.05). High-energy diets resulted in increased heart rate, idleness, dry matter feeding and rumination efficiency, and water intake. Low-energy diets increased feeding time, rumination time, the number of ruminal cuds, chews per day, total chewing time, neutral detergent fiber intake and rumination efficiency, number of ruminations per day, average duration of rumination, and defecation frequency. Water supply affected heart rate and idleness (P < 0.05). Sheep had higher values of heart rate and rectal and surface temperatures during the afternoon (P < 0.05). Water restriction combined with a low-energy diet and high environmental temperature leads to a reduction in the respiratory rate of Santa Inês crossbred sheep. Regardless of the dietary energy value, water restriction by 50% of the daily requirement of sheep reduces dry matter intake and increases idleness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvia Helena Nogueira Turco
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, 56310-770, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tadeu Vinhas Voltolini
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Semi-árido, 56302-970, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Dermeval Araújo Furtado
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 58429-900, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Glayciane Costa Gois
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65500-000, Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Fleming Sena Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65500-000, Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil
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Gariglio M, Dabbou S, Renna M, Biasato I, Bellezza Oddon S, Meneguz M, Miazzo RD, Bergagna S, Colombino E, Macchi E, Schiavone A. Does the provision of live black soldier fly and yellow mealworm larvae improve Muscovy duck welfare? J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:153. [PMID: 38044427 PMCID: PMC10694867 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The provision of environmental enrichments to Muscovy ducks could reduce the expression of the aggressive behaviors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of black soldier fly (BSF) and yellow mealworm (YM) live larva provision on Muscovy duck performance, excreta corticosterone metabolites (ECM), behavior, and blood parameters. METHODS A total of 126 3-day-old female Muscovy ducklings were allotted to 18 pens (6 replicates/treatment, 7 birds/pen) and assigned to 3 experimental treatments: a control group fed commercial feed, and two experimental treatments fed commercial feed plus the 5% (based on the expected daily feed intake, as fed basis) of BSF and YM live larvae (BSF and YM groups, respectively). A two-phase feeding program was applied: starter (from 3 to 31 days of age) and grower-finisher (from 32 to 55 days of age). The live weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were calculated. Larva consumption times were collected, and video recordings were performed during 3 periods (P) each day: the hour before (P1), during (P2), and after (P3) the larva administration. ECM were evaluated at 3, 31, and 55-day-old. Finally, the total red and white blood cell counts, serum proteins, lipids, and liver and renal function serum enzymes were evaluated on 12 birds/treatment. RESULTS The experimental treatment did not affect the growth performance of the birds (P > 0.05). Larva consumption times were always similar between the two insect species, except at 14-18 days of age, were BSF larvae were consumed faster than YM larvae (P < 0.001). The birds showed less walking activity during P2, and preening behavior increased in YM birds during P3. The C birds increased the attack behavior over the weeks (P < 0.05). During weeks 1-3 the YM group reduced the attack frequency (P1 > P3; P < 0.05). Finally, the provision of live BSF and YM larvae significantly reduced the ECM at 55 days of age and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Live BSF and YM larva supplementation in Muscovy duck improves duck welfare, without impairing birds' growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gariglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Torino (TO), 10095, Italy
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele All'Adige, Trento (TN), 38098, Italy
| | - Manuela Renna
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Torino (TO), 10095, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Torino (TO), 10095, Italy
| | - Sara Bellezza Oddon
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Torino (TO), 10095, Italy
| | - Marco Meneguz
- BEF Biosystems s.r.l, Via Tancredi Canonico 18/C, Torino (TO), 10156, Italy
| | - Raul Daniel Miazzo
- Unidad de Investigación Aviar, Producción Avícola, Fac. Agr. y Vet., Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Stefania Bergagna
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, Torino (TO), 10154, Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Torino (TO), 10095, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Macchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Torino (TO), 10095, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Torino (TO), 10095, Italy
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Dong Y, Zhang H, Guo M, Mei J, Xie J. Effect of different slaughter/stunning methods on stress response, quality indicators and susceptibility to oxidation of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1879-1891. [PMID: 37171556 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different slaughter methods (immersion in ice/water slurry, T1; gill cut, T2; CO2 asphyxia, T3; percussion (hit on the head with a stick), T4; Melissa officinalis L. essential oil + CO2, T5) on physiological stress, oxidative stress, and muscle quality in large yellow croaker. In terms of physiological stress, the levels of glucose (GLU), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and catalase (CAT) in CO2 asphyxia samples were significantly lower than those in other samples (p < 0.05). The level of cortisol (COR) in T1 sample was 1.25-1.84 times higher than that of other samples. The GLU level of T1 group was 3.2 times higher than that of T3 sample, and significantly higher than that of other samples. The creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and CAT levels of T2 samples were the highest (2.03 ng/mL and 8.34 U/mL, respectively). Furthermore, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) analysis revealed that T3 and T4 samples could maintain good antioxidant enzyme activity during cold storage. The T3 samples maintained the stability of the protein (the lowest carbonyls and surface hydrophobicity) and reduced lipid oxidation (lower TBARS). In addition, the analysis of pH and water-holding capacity (WHC) revealed that T3 samples had better muscle quality. The muscle of T2 samples kept better color due to bloodletting treatment. The samples obtained after addition of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil had poorer indexes in all aspects compared to the T3 samples, which might be caused by the long anesthesia time of the essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Meijie Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun Mei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products High Quality Utilization, Storage and Transportation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products High Quality Utilization, Storage and Transportation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Glucklich T, Attrash-Najjar A, Katz C. "I was alone. No one offered me a real intervention": Israeli child protection services as experienced by adults who underwent child sexual abuse. Child Abuse Negl 2023; 146:106509. [PMID: 37862734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many children worldwide come into contact with child protection social workers (CPSW) following child sexual abuse (CSA). Surprisingly, little is known concerning how they experience and perceive these encounters. OBJECTIVE The current study was designed to examine the way adults who underwent CSA experienced and perceived child protection services (CPS) in Israel as conveyed in their written testimonies. METHOD The current sample included 83 written testimonies sent to the Israeli Independent Public Inquiry on CSA, analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS The participants' testimonies uncovered two main themes: 1) experiences with CPSW interventions, including being disregarded, abandoned and disbelieved; and 2) constructions of the CPSW practice as poor, maladapted and abusive. Some participants described their active efforts to change the system from within. CONCLUSIONS The participants' testimonies, which reflected the negative manifestations of neoliberal policy in the CPS, will be broached in the discussion section, alongside two other significant concepts: child participation and a context-informed perspective of child risk and protection. The ramifications for policy and practice will be expanded while acknowledging the complex role of social workers in CPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Glucklich
- The Haruv Institute, The Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 9765418, Israel
| | - Afnan Attrash-Najjar
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work at Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Carmit Katz
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work at Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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Leone F, Ferrante V. Effects of prebiotics and precision biotics on performance, animal welfare and environmental impact. A review. Sci Total Environ 2023; 901:165951. [PMID: 37532045 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to analyze the recent studies about prebiotics and precision biotics, as alternatives to animal growth promoters. These substances improve intestinal health, growth performance and poultry environmental impact. Prebiotics are insoluble fibers, that have no nutritive value, but they promote the growth of positive bacteria, increase the nutrients absorption and modulate the immune response. Instead, precision biotics are carbohydrates with glycosidic linkages, which interact with gut bacteria metabolism, reducing the excretion of nitrogen and consequentially, the poultry environmental impact. In the last years, different studies were published in this field, and for this reason, it is necessary to organize the results found. It was shown that mannan-oligosaccharides and β-glucans increase ileal nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention and antibodies titers. Inulin, arabinoxylans-derived oligosaccharides, and galacto-oligosaccharides improved intestinal morphology, arranging for a larger absorption surface area. It was reported that prebiotics enhance the colonization of positive bacteria and can reduce the count of Campylobacter colonies. Furthermore, xylo-oligosaccharides are often used in animal feed, due to their ability to form organic acids, which decompose noxious substances, improving litter quality, and consequentially, reducing the environmental impact. Litter quality is a relevant aspect for ammonia emissions and for animal welfare. Whether the litter quality is poor, footpad dermatitis increase, worsening animal welfare and increasing nitrogen emissions to air. Precision biotics select metabolic pathways to modulate amino acid degradation, reintegrating the nitrogen discarded, and reducing the ammonia level in litter. It was also reported an improvement of growth performance and a better animal welfare. In conclusion, prebiotics and precision biotics can have positive effects on animal performance and welfare, and they can be a new strategy to reduce the environmental impact of chickens' farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Leone
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Giovanni Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Ferrante
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Giovanni Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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An J, Kim Y, Song M, Choi J, Yun W, Oh H, Chang S, Go Y, Song D, Cho H, Park S, Kim Y, Park Y, Park G, Oh S, Cho J. Effect of loading density and weather conditions on animal welfare and meat quality of slaughter pigs. J Anim Sci Technol 2023; 65:1323-1340. [PMID: 38616884 PMCID: PMC11007295 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
There are several factors that affect the welfare and meat quality of pigs during pre-slaughter transport. Among various factors, the effects of weather conditions and loading density were studied. A total of 3,726 finishing pigs were allotted to one of nine groups arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial design according to the weather conditions (low temperature [LT], under 10°C; normal temperature [NT], 10°C-24°C; high temperature [HT], upper 24°C), and loading density (low density [LD], upper 0.43 m2/100 kg; normal density [ND], 0.37-0.43 m2/100 kg; high density [HD], under 0.37 m2/100 kg). Each treatment group follow as: LTLD, LTND, LTHD, NTLD, NTND, NTHD, HTLD, HTND, HTHD. In terms of carcass composition, pigs had the highest carcass weight and backfat thickness at LT. Comparing the HD transport to the ND transport, the meat quality indicated a lower pH and more drip loss. The incidence rate of pale, soft, exudative (PSE) pork was high in the order of the HD, LD, and the ND transport (20%, 9%, and 2%, respectively). The HT transport showed the lowest pH and greatest L* value under the given weather conditions. Pigs transported under the HTHD and LTLD conditions had the greatest rates of PSE pork (40% and 20%, respectively). Pigs exposed to HD transport had the shortest laying time and the highest overplap behavior. The LDLT transport pigs had a shorter laying time than the LDNT and LDHT transport pigs. In conclusion, too high or too low density transport is generally not excellent for meat quality or animal welfare, however it is preferable to transport at a slightly low density at high temperature and at a slightly high density at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo An
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yongju Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Jungseok Choi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Won Yun
- Central Research Institute, Woosung Feed
Co., Ltd, Daejeon 34379, Korea
| | - Hanjin Oh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Seyeon Chang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Youngbin Go
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dongcheol Song
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyunah Cho
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sanghun Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yuna Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yunhwan Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Gyutae Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sehyuk Oh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jinho Cho
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Yildirim F, Kesen AO, Varalan A. The comparative effect of creep and conventional feeding methods on growth performance and oxidative stress markers in Akkaraman lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:382. [PMID: 37889373 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of conventional and creep-feeding methods on growth performance and oxidative stress in Akkaraman (AKK) lambs. For this purpose, the AKK lambs (n = 60) used in this study were divided into four groups (15 n × 2 sex × 2 feeding methods), and all of them were fed the same ration. In the conventional feeding method, the lambs were taken to their dams for suckling twice a day and then kept in a separate compartment for further feeding. In contrast, in the creep-feeding method, the lambs always stayed with their mothers and had free access to supplementary feed by passing through the creep-feeding area. The data for body weights, body measurements, and saliva samples were collected five times, 14 days apart, to evaluate lambs' growth performance and oxidative stress markers. The results showed a higher (P < 0.05) body weight gain in the creep-fed group than in the conventional-fed group. The difference between creep and conventional feeding was significant (P = 0.033), but the difference between the groups in terms of gender was nonsignificant (P = 0.438). The males fed with the creep-feeding (CR-M) group had the largest body length (BL), pectoral chest width (PCW), chest depth (CD), chest circumference (CC), head length (HL), and head width (HW) measurements. The males fed with the conventional feeding (CO-M) group had the largest wither height (WH) measurement, and females fed with the conventional feeding (CO-F) group had the largest back length (BAL) body size. When the overall improvement in body measurements was considered, it was determined that the body sizes of many males in creep-feeding increased more than those of other feeding groups. The oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) was higher (P < 0.001) in the conventional feeding group. Other oxidative stress markers, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione s-transferase (GSH-ST), were higher in the creep-feeding group (P < 0.001). Considering these findings, it is possible to conclude that creep-feeding is superior to conventional feeding to get a higher growth rate and reduce oxidative stress in AKK lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yildirim
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Atatürk, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ali Osman Kesen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Atatürk, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Alperen Varalan
- Department of Animal Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Atatürk, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey
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Alterisio MC, Micieli F, Valle GD, Chiavaccini L, Vesce G, Ciaramella P, Guccione J. Cardiovascular changes, laboratory findings and pain scores in calves undergoing ultrasonography-guided bilateral rectus sheath block before herniorrhaphy: a prospective randomized clinical trial. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:191. [PMID: 37798785 PMCID: PMC10552199 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to assess the clinical utility of a multiparametric approach to measure the impact of bilateral ultrasound-guided rectus sheath blocks (RSB) on heart rate, serum cortisol concentrations, and pain in calves undergoing herniorraphy. Fourteen calves were randomly assigned to receive either the RSB (RSB group, n = 7, injected with 0.3 mL/kg of bupivacaine 0.25% and 0.15 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine per side) or a sham injection (CG group, n = 7, injected with an equivalent volume of sterile saline solution). Monitoring included (i) continuous Holter recording from 120 min pre-surgery to 120 min post-surgery; (ii) serum cortisol concentration (SC) at -150 min pre-surgery (baseline), induction time, skin incision, end of surgical procedure (EP-t), and then 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 120 min, 360 min after recovery; (iii) UNESP-Botucatu pain evaluation at -150 min pre-surgery and 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 120 min, 240 min, 360 min after recovery. RESULTS A significant difference in the heart rate was observed within the RSB group, in the time frame between 120 min to induction compared to the time frame between induction to EP-t period. The SC concentration was significantly higher in the CG at the skin incision. Calves in the RSB group recorded significantly lower pain scores at 45 min, 60 min, 120 and 240 min after recovery. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that monitoring heart rate and serum cortisol concentrations effectively quantified the effects of RSB during surgery. At the same time, the UNESP-Botucatu pain scale identified effects post-surgery when the calves regained consciousness. Overall, ultrasound-guided RSB appeared to enhance the well-being of calves undergoing herniorrhaphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Alterisio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, Napoli, 80137, Italy
| | - Fabiana Micieli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, Napoli, 80137, Italy
| | - Giovanni Della Valle
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, Napoli, 80137, Italy
| | - Ludovica Chiavaccini
- Department of Comparative, Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, 32608, FL, USA
| | - Giancarlo Vesce
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, Napoli, 80137, Italy
| | - Paolo Ciaramella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, Napoli, 80137, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Guccione
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, Napoli, 80137, Italy
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Croney C, Udell M, Delgado M, Ekenstedt K, Shoveller AK. CATastrophic myths part 1: Common misconceptions about the social behavior of domestic cats and implications for their health, welfare, and management. Vet J 2023; 300-302:106028. [PMID: 37683761 PMCID: PMC10841747 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Cats are among the most popular pets worldwide, but there are still major gaps in the public's general understanding of their social behaviors and related needs, including for socialization. In addition to these knowledge gaps, people often have negative or ambivalent attitudes about cats, which can directly impact their welfare outcomes. Insufficient attention to the behavioral ecology and development of cat sociality, along with failure to account for their highly variable individual preferences and tolerance for social behaviors can lead them to experience distress that undermines both their welfare and the human-animal bond. As Part 1 of a two-part series addressing common myths about cats, the purpose of this first paper is to review and debunk common misperceptions about the social needs and behaviors of cats, including misunderstandings about their social lives and abilities to bond with humans. We also identify where opportunities exist to improve socialization of cats and to advance research in related areas that might better support their behavior and welfare needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace Croney
- Center for Animal Welfare Science, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Monique Udell
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, 2921 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | - Kari Ekenstedt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Anna Kate Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Zhang Y, Gao Q. Does Welfare Receipt Change Consumption on Health among Older Families? The Case of China. J Aging Soc Policy 2023; 35:683-704. [PMID: 34030612 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2021.1926207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Population aging has been occurring rapidly in China. It raises the issue of unmet needs of health-related consumption among older families. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and a propensity score matching method, this article examines whether welfare receipt is associated with changed consumption patterns among older families (i.e., main respondent was 60 years old or older or whose spouse was 60 years old or older if married). We found that welfare receipt was significantly associated with increased health expenditures of older families in rural but not in urban China. In neither area did it affect these families' spending to meet daily survival needs such as food and clothing. For rural older families, welfare receipt was associated with increased expenditures on informal health care. It also enabled less vulnerable households to have more self-treatment expenses. However, welfare receipt did not boost expenditures on clinic and hospital visits for either rural or urban families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Zhang
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Gao
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Taghipoor M, Pastell M, Martin O, Nguyen Ba H, van Milgen J, Doeschl-Wilson A, Loncke C, Friggens NC, Puillet L, Muñoz-Tamayo R. Animal board invited review: Quantification of resilience in farm animals. Animal 2023; 17:100925. [PMID: 37690272 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Resilience, when defined as the capacity of an animal to respond to short-term environmental challenges and to return to the prechallenge status, is a dynamic and complex trait. Resilient animals can reinforce the capacity of the herd to cope with often fluctuating and unpredictable environmental conditions. The ability of modern technologies to simultaneously record multiple performance measures of individual animals over time is a huge step forward to evaluate the resilience of farm animals. However, resilience is not directly measurable and requires mathematical models with biologically meaningful parameters to obtain quantitative resilience indicators. Furthermore, interpretive models may also be needed to determine the periods of perturbation as perceived by the animal. These applications do not require explicit knowledge of the origin of the perturbations and are developed based on real-time information obtained in the data during and outside the perturbation period. The main objective of this paper was to review and illustrate with examples, different modelling approaches applied to this new generation of data (i.e., with high-frequency recording) to detect and quantify animal responses to perturbations. Case studies were developed to illustrate alternative approaches to real-time and post-treatment of data. In addition, perspectives on the use of hybrid models for better understanding and predicting animal resilience are presented. Quantification of resilience at the individual level makes possible the inclusion of this trait into future breeding programmes. This would allow improvement of the capacity of animals to adapt to a changing environment, and therefore potentially reduce the impact of disease and other environmental stressors on animal welfare. Moreover, such quantification allows the farmer to tailor the management strategy to help individual animals to cope with the perturbation, hence reducing the use of pharmaceuticals, and decreasing the level of pain of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taghipoor
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
| | - M Pastell
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Martin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - H Nguyen Ba
- Univ Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 SaintGenes Champanelle, France
| | | | - A Doeschl-Wilson
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, UK
| | - C Loncke
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - N C Friggens
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - L Puillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - R Muñoz-Tamayo
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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López-Arjona M, Botía M, Martínez-Subiela S, Cerón JJ. Oxytocin measurements in saliva: an analytical perspective. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:96. [PMID: 37507690 PMCID: PMC10386254 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03661-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin has traditionally been known for its physiological effects on muscle contraction associated with birth and lactation, but in the last years is widely used as a biomarker of "positive experiences" in psychology and behavior. Different types of samples have been used for oxytocin measurements with saliva samples having the particular advantage of an easy and non-stressful collection. However, the low concentration of oxytocin in saliva can represent a limitation for its use. For this reason, sensitive assays and even a previous sample treatment in some cases are required for saliva oxytocin quantification. In addition, the lack of standardized and generally agreed-upon approach to peripheral oxytocin measurement leads to large discrepancies between different laboratories, that use different sample treatment protocols and different assays. The main objectives of this review are to describe the current status of the use of saliva for oxytocin measurement, provide details of the different sample processing techniques that can be applied and inform about the analytical techniques and assays available in different animal species, and also in humans for comparative purposes. It is expected that this information can contribute to an increase in the knowledge about the measurements of oxytocin in saliva and to its wider use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina López-Arjona
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
| | - María Botía
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, Murcia, 30100, Spain
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Simpson RAC, Didymus FF, Williams TL. Interpersonal psychological well-being among coach-athlete-sport psychology practitioner triads. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 67:102435. [PMID: 37665888 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The importance of psychological well-being (PWB) is widely acknowledged in global policy and has important ramifications for health, performance, and engagement among sport performers. Despite this compelling knowledge, little is known about PWB in close sport relationships. We aimed to explore the interpersonal antecedents, transfer mechanisms, and outcomes of PWB within and among athletes, coaches, and sport psychology practitioners (SPPs). Underpinned by an interpretative paradigm, we conducted individual and triadic interviews with three coach-athlete-SPP triads from individual sports and analyzed data using abductive reasoning applied to reflexive thematic analysis. The themes we constructed relating to antecedents of PWB were situational properties of stressors, factors relating to the organization, shared values and characteristics, and interpersonal resilience. PWB was transferred among the triad via interpersonal coping, emotional contagion, and social appraising. PWB was cyclic in nature and, thus, we constructed themes (i.e., psychological safety, meaningful experiences of growth and development, and relational dynamics), which represented those factors that acted as both antecedents and outcomes. Our findings transcend individual understandings of PWB in sport by representing the first interpersonal examination of PWB among coach-athlete-SPP triads. This shift is crucial for informing how performers can collectively evaluate and manage PWB in the context of their close sport relationships. These findings implicate two primary recommendations: first, we recommend that researchers extend conceptual understanding of PWB among those in close sport relationships. Second, organizations and practitioners are encouraged to consider how mentoring and relationship-building schemes can be tailored within wider education and support programs to bolster PWB among athletes, coaches, and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faye F Didymus
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom
| | - Toni L Williams
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, United Kingdom
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Onumah JA, Osei RD, Martey E, Asante FA. Welfare dynamics of innovations among agricultural households in Ghana: Implication for poverty reduction. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18066. [PMID: 37519683 PMCID: PMC10372665 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To reduce the high incidence of poverty in rural households, agricultural modernization using innovations has been pursued by governments and actors in the agricultural innovation system (AIS). This study analyzed how agricultural innovations and farmer-actor interactions in the AIS contribute to poverty outcomes among agricultural households in Ghana. Data used was the Ghana socio-economic panel survey data with 891 and 2595 observations for cocoa and maize households, respectively. The multinomial endogenous treatment effect model with instrumental variables was employed for the analysis. Adopting digital technologies in combination with other innovations, and having stronger farmer-actor interactions in the innovation system were associated with non-poor outcome in maize-growing households, who were poorer compared to cocoa-growing households. Innovations that consistently increased food security in both crop systems were associated with non-poor outcomes. The findings of the study highlight the need for governments and stakeholders to prioritize agricultural digitalization, encourage the adoption of multiple innovations and focus on food security-improving interventions as strategies to addressing rural poverty reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Darko Osei
- Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Edward Martey
- CSIR-Savannah Agricultural Research Institute, Ghana
| | - Felix Ankomah Asante
- Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
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Soiluva J, Häyrinen L, Gangini G, Öistämö R, Gracia-Calvo LA, Raekallio MR. Comparison of Asymmetry During Trot In-Hand With Evaluations of Discomfort and Pain in Horses While Exercised. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 126:104282. [PMID: 36914101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditional visual lameness assessment is subjective. Ethograms have been developed for evaluating pain and objective sensors to detect lameness. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) have been used to evaluate stress and pain. The aim of our study was to compare subjective and behavioral lameness scores, a sensor system measuring movement asymmetry, HR, and HRV. We hypothesized that these measures would show related trends. In 30 horses, an inertial sensor system was used to measure movement asymmetries during trot in-hand. A horse was categorized as sound if each asymmetry was less than 10 mm. We recorded riding to observe lameness and evaluate behavior. Heart rate and RR intervals were measured. Root mean squares of successive RR intervals (RMSSD) were calculated. Five horses were categorized as sound and 25 horses as lame by the inertial sensor system. No significant differences were detected between sound and lame horses in the ethogram, subjective lameness score, HR, and RMSSD. Overall asymmetry, ethogram, and lameness score had no significant correlation with each other, whereas overall asymmetry and ethogram correlated significantly with HR and RMSSD during certain phases of the ridden exercise. The main limitation of our study was the small number of sound horses detected by the inertial sensor system. The association between gait asymmetry and HRV suggests that the more gait asymmetry a horse shows during trot in-hand, the more pain or discomfort it probably experiences when ridden with a higher intensity. The threshold for lameness used by the inertial sensor system may require further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Soiluva
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | - Ruut Öistämö
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis Alfonso Gracia-Calvo
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Riitta Raekallio
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Golightly HR, O'Sullivan TL, Brown JA, Seddon YM. Effect of season on weaned piglet mortality during transport greater than 8 h under Canadian conditions. Prev Vet Med 2023; 217:105961. [PMID: 37336166 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
North American swine producers commonly transport piglets away from sow farms at weaning. However, limited information on factors associated with piglet mortality during these transports is available. The objectives of this study were to identify transport characteristics that were associated with the occurrence of in-transit mortality (≥1 piglet found dead on arrival) and/or associated with increased rates of in-transit mortality using records of weaned piglet transport voluntarily provided by Canadian swine companies. Following cleaning and validation, records of 810 long duration (>8 h to <28 h) weaned piglet (min.: 4.2, max.: 7.7 kg) transports conducted between 2016 and 2017 by four companies were available to investigate risk factors for the occurrence of in-transit mortality. Transports originated in Ontario, Saskatchewan, or Alberta and 30% of transports had one or more mortality events recorded. Season of transport was significant in the final logistic regression model; the odds of a transport having mortality occur was greater during the winter (December, January, February) compared to the spring (March, April, May) (OR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.13-2.96; P = 0.013), summer (June, July, August) (OR= 2.1; 95% CI: 1.28-3.34; P = 0.003) and fall (September, October, November) (OR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.36-3.62; P = 0.001), with no differences observed between the other seasons. Additionally, records from 755 long duration weaned piglet (min.: 4.2, max.: 7.9 kg) transports conducted between 2014 and 2017 by a single company was used to identify risk factors for increased rates of in-transit mortality. Transports originated in Saskatchewan or Alberta and 44.9% of transports had one or more mortality events recorded with in-transit mortality rates ranging from 0.00% to 6.16%. Season of transport was again significant in the final negative binomial regression model. The rate of piglet death in-transit was increased in all seasons compared to the summer with winter transport having the highest predicted rate of in-transit mortality. Transports conducted during the winter had a rate of in-transit mortality nearly five times greater compared to transports conducted during the summer (IRR= 4.94; 95% CI: 3.11-7.87; P = 0.000) and approximately three times greater compared to transports conducted during the fall (IRR=2.7; 95% CI: 1.73-4.30; P = 0.000) and spring (IRR=3.1; 95% CI: 1.96-4.99; P = 0.000). These results suggest that winter transport in Western Canada is an area of opportunity to reduce in-transit mortality during long duration weaned piglet transport. Research investigating transport practices that may mitigate the effects of extreme cold (e.g., space allowance, bedding provision) would be useful for informing specific recommendations for this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Golightly
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - T L O'Sullivan
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J A Brown
- Prairie Swine Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7H 5N9, Canada
| | - Y M Seddon
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Nicholson K. Entanglement in recreational fishing gear poses a threat to estuarine and coastal dolphins: Animal welfare and population level impacts should guide intervention decision making. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 192:115094. [PMID: 37285612 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Derelict and active fishing gear poses a threat to marine wildlife. This study details Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin entanglements in recreational fishing gear in the Peel-Harvey Estuary, Western Australia between 2016 and 2022. Eight entanglements were recorded, three resulted in death. While concerning from an animal welfare perspective, the impact of entanglements on the viability of the local dolphin population was low. This is as majority of affected individuals were juvenile males. Should entanglements result in the loss of reproductive females, or impact their reproductive success, the population trajectory could quickly change. As such, management decision making should consider population level impacts as well as the welfare of entangled individuals. Government agencies, together with relevant stakeholders, should work together to maintain preparedness to respond to entanglements and take preventative action that lowers the risk of interactions with recreational fishing gear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Nicholson
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia.
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Da Costa S. Estimating the welfare gains from anti-retroviral therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Health Econ 2023; 90:102777. [PMID: 37329668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Since the start of the century, many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have experienced large gains in life expectancy and average consumption levels. Around the same time, an unprecedented international effort has taken place to combat HIV/AIDS mortality with the expansion of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) across many of the hardest hit countries. In this paper, I estimate the impact of ART on average welfare over time in 42 countries using the equivalent consumption approach. I decompose the change in welfare to isolate the relative contribution of ART-driven improvements in life expectancy and consumption. The results indicate that ART has accounted for around 12% of total welfare growth in SSA between 2000 and 2017. In those countries most affected by HIV/AIDS, this figure rises to around 40%. Moreover, the estimates suggest that welfare in some of the worst-hit countries would have declined over time without the ART expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Da Costa
- Paris School of Economics, 48 Boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, France.
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Dore EC, Shafer PR, Livingston MD. State-level data on TANF policy changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:97. [PMID: 37277783 PMCID: PMC10241382 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 mitigation measures prompted many states to revise the administration of their welfare programs. States adopted policies that varied across the U.S. to respond to the difficulties in fulfilling program requirements, as well as increased financial need. This dataset captures the changes made to Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programs during the COVID-19 pandemic, from March 2020 through December 2020. The authors created this dataset as part of a larger study that examined the health effects of TANF policy changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. DATA DESCRIPTION TANF is the main cash assistance program for low-income families in the U.S., but benefits are often conditional on work requirements and can be revoked if an individual is deemed noncompliant. Structural factors during the COVID-19 pandemic made meeting these criteria more difficult, so some states relaxed their rules and increased their benefits. This dataset captures 24 types of policies that state TANF programs enacted, which of the states enacted each of them, when the policies went into effect, and when applicable, when the policies ended. These data can be used to study the effects of TANF policy changes on various health and programmatic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Dore
- Department of Sociology, Emory University, 1555 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Paul R. Shafer
- Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Melvin D. Livingston
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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