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Ortega R, Liu B, Persaud SJ. Effects of miR-33 Deficiency on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases: Implications for Therapeutic Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10777. [PMID: 37445956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally inhibit gene expression. These small molecules are involved in several biological conditions such as inflammation, cell growth and proliferation, and regulation of energy metabolism. In the context of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, miR-33 is of particular interest as it has been implicated in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. This miRNA is located in introns harboured in the genes encoding sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 and SREBP-2, which are key transcription factors involved in lipid biosynthesis and cholesterol efflux. This review outlines the role of miR-33 in a range of metabolic and cardiovascular pathologies, such as dyslipidaemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and it provides discussion about the effectiveness of miR-33 deficiency as a possible therapeutic strategy to prevent the development of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Li X, Chen Y, Lin M, Wang J, Wang N, Chen Z, Chen S. A novel miRNA, Cse- miR-33, functions as an immune regulator by targeting CsTRAF6 in Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 134:108606. [PMID: 36758656 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) can act as a fundamental adaptor protein in a chain reaction of signal transduction and cascade events to finish off immune defenses. However, immunomodulatory research on TRAF6 gene is still limited in fish. In this study, a novel miRNA, Cse-miR-33 was identified from the whole genome of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). After separate infections with three different Vibrio strains (V. harveyi, V. anguillarum, V. parahemolyticus) and one virus (nervous necrosis virus, NNV), the expressions of CsTRAF6 and Cse-miR-33 displayed significant time-dependent changes in immune related tissues and the trends were opposite in general. Through target gene prediction and dual luciferase reporter assay, Cse-miR-33 was proven to regulate CsTRAF6 by combining with 3'-UTR sequence of the gene. The results of qRT-PCR and western blotting (WB) analyses showed that Cse-miR-33 blocked the translation of CsTRAF6 protein at post-transcriptional level, rather than degrading the target mRNA. Further experiment indicated that Cse-miR-33 inhibitor largely reduced the death rate of Chinese tongue sole caused by V. harveyi and NNV. The expressions of CsTRAF6-associated immune genes (such as CsIL-1R, CsMYD88, CsIRAK1, CsTNFα, CsIL6 and CsIL8) were also significantly changed in response to Cse-miR-33 agomir and inhibitor. The study suggested that Cse-miR-33 affected the immune response via targeting CsTRAF6 in C. semilaevis, which would provide us deep insights into miRNA-mediated regulatory network and help improve the immunity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mengjiao Lin
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhangfan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Shahouzehi B, Eghbalian M, Fallah H, Aminizadeh S, Masoumi-Ardakani Y. Serum microRNA-33 levels in pre-diabetic and diabetic patients. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4121-4128. [PMID: 34146198 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and abnormal insulin secretion. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that are able to affect cell biological functions and act as biomarkers for some diseases such as DM. In current study, we measured serum miR-33 in three groups (n = 15) as follows; non-diabetic control, pre-diabetic, and DM patients. Real-time PCR method was used to quantify miR-33 expression. miR-33 expression was significantly increased in pre-diabetic subjects compared to other two groups (p < 0.001). FBS (p < 0.001), insulin (p < 0.001), HOMA-IR (p < 0.001), and TG (p = 0.026) were higher in diabetic subjects than the other two groups. In people that had high physical activity, the number of diabetic subjects were zero and most of them were in pre-diabetic group (p = 0.019). Serum miR-33 level significantly and positively correlated with pre-diabetic state (B = 2.67, p = 0.000), Sex (B = 1.03, p = 0.025), and FBS (B = 0.04, p = 0.036) and also miR-33 was significantly and negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (B = - 1.58, p = 0.04). These findings support the possible role of miR-33 to monitor pre-diabetes onset and progression. It needs to be evaluated in future studies with high number of participants to clarify its mechanism and diagnostic viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beydolah Shahouzehi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mostafa Eghbalian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Soheil Aminizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Jahad Boulevard, Ebn-e-Sina Avenue, 7619813159, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yaser Masoumi-Ardakani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Jahad Boulevard, Ebn-e-Sina Avenue, 7619813159, Kerman, Iran.
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Fernández-Tussy P, Ruz-Maldonado I, Fernández-Hernando C. MicroRNAs and Circular RNAs in Lipoprotein Metabolism. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:33. [PMID: 33970351 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are pivotal regulators of mRNA and protein expression that critically contribute to cardiovascular pathophysiology. Although little is known about the origin and function of such ncRNAs, they have been suggested as promising biomarkers with powerful therapeutic value in cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we summarize the most recent findings on ncRNAs biology and their implication on cholesterol homeostasis and lipoprotein metabolism that highlight novel therapeutic avenues for treating dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical and experimental studies have elucidated the underlying effects that specific miRNAs impose both directly and indirectly regulating circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) metabolism and cardiovascular risk. Some of these relevant miRNAs include miR-148a, miR-128-1, miR-483, miR-520d, miR-224, miR-30c, miR-122, miR-33, miR-144, and miR-34. circRNAs are known to participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes due to their abundance in tissues and their stage-specific expression activation. Recent studies have proven that circRNAs may be considered targets of CVD as well. Some of these cirRNAs are circ-0092317, circ_0003546, circ_0028198, and cirFASN that have been suggested to be strongly involved in lipoprotein metabolism; however, their relevance in CVD is still unknown. MicroRNA and cirRNAs have been proposed as powerful therapeutic targets for treating cardiometabolic disorders including atherosclerosis. Here, we discuss the recent findings in the field of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism underscoring the novel mechanisms by which some of these ncRNAs influence lipoprotein metabolism and CVD.
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Price NL, Goedeke L, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. miR-33 in cardiometabolic diseases: lessons learned from novel animal models and approaches. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12606. [PMID: 33938628 PMCID: PMC8103095 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs have emerged as critical regulators of nearly all biologic processes and important therapeutic targets for numerous diseases. However, despite the tremendous progress that has been made in this field, many misconceptions remain among much of the broader scientific community about the manner in which miRNAs function. In this review, we focus on miR‐33, one of the most extensively studied miRNAs, as an example, to highlight many of the advances that have been made in the miRNA field and the hurdles that must be cleared to promote the development of miRNA‐based therapies. We discuss how the generation of novel animal models and newly developed experimental techniques helped to elucidate the specialized roles of miR‐33 within different tissues and begin to define the specific mechanisms by which miR‐33 contributes to cardiometabolic diseases including obesity and atherosclerosis. This review will summarize what is known about miR‐33 and highlight common obstacles in the miRNA field and then describe recent advances and approaches that have allowed researchers to provide a more complete picture of the specific functions of this miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leigh Goedeke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Zhang J, Zhao WS, Xu L, Wang X, Li XL, Yang XC. Endothelium-specific endothelin-1 expression promotes pro-inflammatory macrophage activation by regulating miR-33/NR4A axis. Exp Cell Res 2020; 399:112443. [PMID: 33340492 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The hallmark of atherogenesis is characterized as endothelial dysfunction and subsequent macrophage activation. Although our previous study has demonstrated that endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays an important role in atherogenesis, the underlying mechanism remains deeply investigation. Enhanced atherosclerotic plaques were observed in endothelium-specific ET-1 overexpression ApoE-/- mice (eET-1/ApoE-/-) concomitant with increased secretion of pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules and cytokines. The conditional media used for culturing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with AdET-1 infection and subjected to OX-LDL stimulation, was collected and utilized for bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) culturing. RT-PCR analysis showed increased genes expression related to classical M1 macrophages but decreased alternative activated M2 macrophages genes expression in macrophage culturing with the conditional media. Furthermore, consistent regulations of macrophage polarization were observed using isolated exosomes from the conditional media. More importantly, we noticed that miR-33 was enriched in the exosomes derived by HUVECs with AdET-1 infection, while bioinformatics analysis further indicated that miR-33 directly targeted NR4A and miR-33/NR4A axis was required for the effect of endothelial-specific ET-1 overexpression on pro-inflammatory macrophage activation. By contrast, such effects could be reversed by ET-1 knockdown. Taken together, our study indicated that the exosomes derived by HUVECs with AdET-1 infection can transfer miR-33 to macrophages and subsequently promote pro-inflammatory macrophage activation by directly targeting to NR4A. These evidences clearly revealed that miR-33/NR4A axis was the important mechanism underlying the effect of ET-1 on macrophage activation and indicated that ET-1 may act as a promising target for atherosclerosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Cardiac Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Wen-Shu Zhao
- Cardiac Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Cardiac Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Cardiac Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Cardiac Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xin-Chun Yang
- Cardiac Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
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Moradi-Chaleshtori M, Bandehpour M, Heidari N, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Mahmoud Hashemi S. Exosome-mediated miR-33 transfer induces M1 polarization in mouse macrophages and exerts antitumor effect in 4T1 breast cancer cell line. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107198. [PMID: 33249048 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are the most abundant tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Macrophages are conventionally classified as M1 or M2 types. M2 type is the dominant phenotype of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. M2 macrophages support different aspects of tumor development, including tumor formation, growth, and metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to regulate numerous cellular processes, including macrophage polarization. To determine whether miR-33 containing exosomes can alter macrophage polarization, we used the exosomes isolated from 4T1 breast cancer cells to deliver miR-33 mimic into IL-4 induced M2 macrophages and treated macrophages with 4T1-conditioned media. Then, we assayed the expression of M1 specific markers and the production of cytokines using real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Additionally, we performed MTT, migration, and invasion assays to detect the effect of miRNA-mediated macrophage repolarization on cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The results of this study showed that miR-33 containing exosomes could convert M2 to M1 phenotype as indicated by an increase in expression of M1 markers, including Irf5, Nos2, and CD86, and a decrease in M2 markers including Arg, Ym1, and CD206. Furthermore, the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β as M1 specific cytokines increased, while the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β as M2 specific cytokines decreased. Incubation of 4T1 cells with conditioned media of treated macrophages showed reduced proliferation, invasion, and migration of these cells. So, our data suggests that exosomes can be used as an efficient nanocarrier for miR-33 delivery into macrophages. Also, miR-33 is capable of inducing M1 polarization in macrophages, which is essential for suppressing tumor growth and metastasis.
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Zareba L, Fitas A, Wolska M, Junger E, Eyileten C, Wicik Z, De Rosa S, Siller-Matula JM, Postula M. MicroRNAs and Long Noncoding RNAs in Coronary Artery Disease: New and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Cardiol Clin 2020; 38:601-617. [PMID: 33036721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs, play an important role in coronary artery disease onset and progression. The ability of ncRNAs to simultaneously regulate many target genes allows them to modulate various key processes involved in atherosclerosis, including lipid metabolism, smooth muscle cell proliferation, autophagy, and foam cell formation. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of the most important ncRNAs in coronary artery disease. Moreover, various other promising microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs that attract substantial scientific interest as potential therapeutic targets in coronary artery disease and merit further investigation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Zareba
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Alex Fitas
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Marta Wolska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Eva Junger
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Zofia Wicik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., Warsaw 02-097, Poland; Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n-Anchieta, São Paulo 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Jolanta M Siller-Matula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., Warsaw 02-097, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., Warsaw 02-097, Poland; Longevity Center, Warsaw, Poland.
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Zhang J, Ma R, Blanchard A, Petree J, Jo H, Salaita K. Conditional Deoxyribozyme-Nanoparticle Conjugates for miRNA-Triggered Gene Regulation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:37851-37861. [PMID: 32803952 PMCID: PMC8287654 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA-nanoparticle (NP) conjugates have been used to knockdown gene expression transiently and effectively, making them desirable tools for gene regulation therapy. Because DNA-NPs are constitutively active and are rapidly taken up by most cell types, they offer limited control in terms of tissue or cell type specificity. To take a step toward solving this issue, we incorporate toehold-mediated strand exchange, a versatile molecular programming modality, to switch the DNA-NPs from an inactive state to an active state in the presence of a specific RNA input. Because many transcripts are unique to cell subtype or disease state, this approach could one day lead to responsive nucleic acid therapeutics with enhanced specificity. As a proof of concept, we designed conditional deoxyribozyme-nanoparticles (conditional DzNPs) that knockdown tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) mRNA upon miR-33 triggering. We demonstrate toehold-mediated strand exchange and restoration of TNFα DNAzyme activity in the presence of miR-33 trigger, with optimization of the preparation, configuration, and toehold length of conditional DzNPs. Our results indicate specific and strong ON/OFF response of conditional DzNPs to the miR-33 trigger in buffer. Furthermore, we demonstrate endogenous miR-33-triggered knockdown of TNFα mRNA in mouse macrophages, implying the potential of conditional gene regulation applications using these DzNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aaron Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica Petree
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Tao Y, Xu S, Wang J, Xu L, Zhang C, Chen K, Lian Z, Zhou J, Xie H, Zheng S, Xu X. Delivery of microRNA-33 Antagomirs by Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles to Ameliorate Lipid Metabolic Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:921. [PMID: 32848718 PMCID: PMC7419650 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolic disorders have become a major global public health concern. Fatty liver and dyslipidemia are major manifestations of these disorders. Recently, MicroRNA-33 (miR-33), a post-transcriptional regulator of genes involved in cholesterol efflux and fatty acid oxidation, has been considered as a good therapeutic target for these disorders. However, the traditional methods of gene therapy impede their further clinical transformation into a mature treatment system. To counter this problem, in this study we used mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as nanocarriers to deliver miR-33 antagomirs developing nanocomposites miR-MSNs. We observed that the hepatocellular uptake of miR-33 antagomirs increased by ∼5 times when they were delivered using miR-MSNs. The regulation effects of miR-MSNs on miR-33 and several genes involved in lipid metabolism were confirmed in L02 cells. In a high-fat diet fed mice, miR-33 intervention via miR-MSNs lowered the serum triglyceride levels remarkably by 18.9% and reduced hepatic steatosis. Thus, our results provide a proof-of-concept for a potential strategy to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoye Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenzhi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangchen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junbin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
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Cetrullo S, D'Adamo S, Panichi V, Borzì RM, Pignatti C, Flamigni F. Modulation of Fatty Acid-Related Genes in the Response of H9c2 Cardiac Cells to Palmitate and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Cells 2020; 9:E537. [PMID: 32110930 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While high levels of saturated fatty acids are associated with impairment of cardiovascular functions, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to exert protective effects. However the molecular mechanisms underlying this evidence are not completely understood. In the present study we have used rat H9c2 ventricular cardiomyoblasts as a cellular model of lipotoxicity to highlight the effects of palmitate, a saturated fatty acid, on genetic and epigenetic modulation of fatty acid metabolism and fate, and the ability of PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, to contrast the actions that may contribute to cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. Treatment with a high dose of palmitate provoked mitochondrial depolarization, apoptosis, and hypertrophy of cardiomyoblasts. Palmitate also enhanced the mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), a family of master transcription factors for lipogenesis, and it favored the expression of genes encoding key enzymes that metabolically activate palmitate and commit it to biosynthetic pathways. Moreover, miR-33a, a highly conserved microRNA embedded in an intronic sequence of the SREBP2 gene, was co-expressed with the SREBP2 messenger, while its target carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1b was down-regulated. Manipulation of the levels of miR-33a and SREBPs allowed us to understand their involvement in cell death and hypertrophy. The simultaneous addition of PUFAs prevented the effects of palmitate and protected H9c2 cells. These results may have implications for the control of cardiac metabolism and dysfunction, particularly in relation to dietary habits and the quality of fatty acid intake.
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Zheng T, Zhang T, Zhang W, Lv K, Jia D, Yang F, Sun Y, Lian J, Wang R. Icariside II facilitates the differentiation of ADSCs to schwann cells and restores erectile dysfunction through regulation of miR-33/GDNF axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109888. [PMID: 32066039 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) have the property to differentiate into neuron-like cells, which may provide a novel insight for the restoration of erectile dysfunction (ED) mainly induced by cavernous nerve injury. Icariside II (ICA II) has been reported to play a key role in the regulation of erectile function via stimulating the differentiation of ADSCs to Schwann Cells (SCs). However, the function and molecular mechanisms of ICA II in ED remains to be further clarified. METHODS The expression of S100, P75, GDNF and miR-33 was detected by qRT-PCR. And the relative proteins expression was determined by western blot. Cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Bioinformatics, luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were performed to verify the interaction between miR-33 and GDNF. Intracavernosal pressure (ICP), the ratio of ICP and mean arterial pressure (MAP), as well as nNOS expression were examined to evaluate the erectile function of SD rats with bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI). RESULTS ICA II and miR-33 respectively promoted and inhibited the differentiation of ADSCs to SCs. MiR-33 could negatively regulate P75 and GDNF expression. ICA II exerted promotion effects on differentiation of ADSCs to SCs via regulating miR-33. GDNF was identified to be a target of miR-33. MiR-33 overexpression abrogated the stimulatory effect of ICA II on ADSCs' differentiation, which was blocked by GDNF overexpression. treated with ICA II recovered the erectile function of BCNI model rats through regulation of miR-33. CONCLUSION ICA II contributed to the differentiation of ADSCs to SCs viamiR-33/GDNF axis, contributing to the recovery of erectile function in BCNI rats.
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Peng C, Lei P, Li X, Xie H, Yang X, Zhang T, Cao Z, Zhang J. Down-regulated of SREBP-1 in circulating leukocyte is a risk factor for atherosclerosis: a case control study. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:177. [PMID: 31610782 PMCID: PMC6792215 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sterol regulatory-element binding proteins (SREBPs) and mir-33 (miR-33a, miR-33b), which are encoded by the introns of SREBPs, are key factors in the lipid metabolism pathway. SREBPs mRNA in circulating leucocyte and carotid plaques, along with various risk factors that associated with Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease (CAD) were investigated in a central Chinese cohort. METHODS A total of 218 coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) patients, and 178 non-CAD controls, were recruited to collect leukocytes. Carotid plaques and peripheral blood were obtained from CAD patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) (n = 12) while THP-1 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to establish an in vitro foam cell formation model. SREBPs and miR-33 levels were quantified by qPCR. Routine biochemical markers were measured using standard procedures. RESULTS SREBP-1 mRNA level of circulating leucocytes in CAD patients were significantly lower than in non-CAD controls (p = 0.005). After stratification coronary artery atherosclerotic complexity, we detected a significant reduction of SREBP-1 in high-risk complexity CAD patients (SYNTAX score > 23) (p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that decreased expression of SREBP-1 was a risk factor of CAD (odds ratio (OR) =0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30~0.76, p = 0.002) after adjusting clinical confounders; the mRNA levels of SREBPs in carotid plaques correlated with the corresponding value in circulating leukocytes (SREBP-1 r = 0.717, p = 0.010; SREBP-2 r = 0.612, p = 0.034). Finally, there was no significant difference in serum miR-33 levels between CAD patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS Our finding suggesting a potential role in the adjustment of established CAD risk. The future clarification of how SREBP-1 influence the pathogenesis of CAD might pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
| | - Pan Lei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiandong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Huaqiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jicai Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
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14
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Li P, Gao X, Sun X, Li W, Yi B, Zhu L. A novel epigenetic mechanism of FXR inhibiting GLP-1 secretion via miR-33 and its downstream targets. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:629-635. [PMID: 31387746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type II diabetes is a complex, chronic, and progressive disease. Previously, we demonstrate that FXR inhibits GLP-1 secretion via interacting with CREB to inhibit the transcriptional activity of CREB, thus promoting the development of type II diabetes. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and post-transcriptional RNA regulation, are essential mediators contributing to diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality. Thus, we attempted to investigate the epigenetic mechanisms of FXR modulating GLP-1 secretion. Firstly, the involvement of histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and post-transcriptional regulation in FXR inhibiting GLP-1 secretion was verified. As FXR overexpression significantly inhibited the activity of GCG 3'-UTR, we hypothesize that miRNA might participate in the mechanism. Two online tools and real-time PCR revealed that FXR promoted miR-33 expression. Moreover, miR-33 inhibited the expression of GCG and CREB1 through direct targeting in STC-1 cells. FXR overexpression in STC-1 cells significantly reduced the mRNA expression and protein levels of both GCG and CREB1, as well as the secretion of GLP-1; miR-33 inhibition exerted opposing effects. More importantly, the effects of FXR overexpression were significantly reversed by miR-33 inhibition, indicating that FXR inhibited GLP-1 secretion through promoting miR-33 expression, therefore inhibiting the expression of miR-33 targets, GCG and CREB1. In conclusion, we provide a novel epigenetic mechanism by which FXR inhibits the secretion of GLP-1 through miR-33 and its two downstream targets, GCG and CREB1. These findings might provide innovative strategies for improving type II diabetes, which needs further in vivo and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhou Li
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xulong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Weizheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Bo Yi
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Liyong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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Sun JJ, Zheng LG, Chen CY, Zhang JY, You CH, Zhang QH, Ma HY, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, Wang SQ, Li YY. MicroRNAs Involved in the Regulation of LC-PUFA Biosynthesis in Teleosts: miR-33 Enhances LC-PUFA Biosynthesis in Siganus canaliculatus by Targeting insig1 which in Turn Upregulates srebp1. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2019; 21:475-487. [PMID: 31020472 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09895-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms play important roles in the regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Our previous study revealed that miR-33 could increase the expression of fatty acyl desaturases (fads2) in the rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus, but the specific mechanism is unknown. Here, we confirmed that miR-33 could target the 3'UTR of insulin-induced gene 1 (insig1), resulting in downregulation of its protein level in the rabbitfish hepatocyte line (SCHL). In vitro overexpression of miR-33 inhibited the mRNA level of insig1 and increased the mRNA levels of Δ6Δ5 fads2 and elovl5, as well as srebp1. In SCHL cells, proteolytic activation of sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1 (Srebp1) was blocked by Insig1, with overexpression of insig1 decreasing mature Srebp1 level, while inhibition of insig1 led to the opposite effect. Srebp1 could enhance the promoter activity of Δ6Δ5 fads2 and elovl5, whose expression levels decreased with knockdown of srebp1 in SCHL. Overexpression of miR-33 also resulted in a higher conversion of 18:3n-3 to 18:4n-3 and 20:5n-3 to 22:5n-3, linked to desaturation and elongation via Δ6Δ5 Fads2 and Elovl5, respectively. The results suggested that the mechanism by which miR-33 regulates LC-PUFA biosynthesis in rabbitfish is through enhancing the expression of srebp1 by targeting insig1. The findings here provide more insight to the mechanism of miRNAs involvement in the regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jun Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Li Guo Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Cui Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jin Ying Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Cui Hong You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Qing Hao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hong Yu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Shu Qi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Yuan You Li
- School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Price NL, Singh AK, Rotllan N, Goedeke L, Wing A, Canfrán-Duque A, Diaz-Ruiz A, Araldi E, Baldán Á, Camporez JP, Suárez Y, Rodeheffer MS, Shulman GI, de Cabo R, Fernández-Hernando C. Genetic Ablation of miR-33 Increases Food Intake, Enhances Adipose Tissue Expansion, and Promotes Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Cell Rep 2018; 22:2133-45. [PMID: 29466739 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While therapeutic modulation of miRNAs provides a promising approach for numerous diseases, the promiscuous nature of miRNAs raises concern over detrimental off-target effects. miR-33 has emerged as a likely target for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, the deleterious effects of long-term anti-miR-33 therapies and predisposition of miR-33−/− mice to obesity and metabolic dysfunction exemplify the possible pitfalls of miRNA-based therapies. Our work provides an in-depth characterization of miR-33−/− mice and explores the mechanisms by which loss of miR-33 promotes insulin resistance in key metabolic tissues. Contrary to previous reports, our data do not support a direct role for SREBP-1-mediated lipid synthesis in promoting these effects. Alternatively, in adipose tissue of miR-33−/− mice, we observe increased pre-adipocyte proliferation, enhanced lipid uptake, and impaired lipolysis. Moreover, we demonstrate that the driving force behind these abnormalities is increased food intake, which can be prevented by pair feeding with wild-type animals.
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17
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Mudri M, Smith SA, Vanderboor C, Davidson J, Regnault TRH, Bütter A. The effects of tracheal occlusion on Wnt signaling in a rabbit model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:937-44. [PMID: 30792093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tracheal occlusion (TO) reverses pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), but its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Wnt signaling plays a critical role in lung development, but few studies exist. The purpose of our study was to a) confirm that our CDH rabbit model produced PH which was reversed by TO and b) determine the effects of CDH +/- TO on Wnt signaling. METHODS CDH was created in fetal rabbits at 23 days, TO at 28 days, and lung collection at 31 days. Lung body weight ratio (LBWR) and mean terminal bronchiole density (MTBD) were determined. mRNA and miRNA expression was determined in the left lower lobe using RT-qPCR. RESULTS Fifteen CDH, 15 CDH + TO, 6 sham CDH, and 15 controls survived and were included in the study. LBWR was low in CDH, while CDH + TO was similar to controls (p = 0.003). MTBD was higher in CDH fetuses and restored to control levels in CDH + TO (p < 0.001). Reference genes TOP1, SDHA, and ACTB were consistently expressed within and between treatment groups. miR-33 and MKI67 were increased, and Lgl1 was decreased in CDH + TO. CONCLUSION TO reversed pulmonary hypoplasia and stimulated early Wnt signaling in CDH fetal rabbits. TYPE OF STUDY Basic science, prospective. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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18
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Shao F, Wang X, Yu J, Shen K, Qi C, Gu Z. Expression of miR-33 from an SREBP2 intron inhibits the expression of the fatty acid oxidation-regulatory genes CROT and HADHB in chicken liver. Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:115-124. [PMID: 30698464 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1564242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1. Limiting the growth of adipose tissue in chickens is a major issue in the poultry industry. In chickens, de novo synthesis of lipids occurs primarily in the liver. Thus, it is necessary to understand how fatty acid accumulation in the liver is controlled. The miR-33 is an intronic microRNA (miRNA) of the chicken sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 (SREBF2), which is a master switch in activating many genes involved in the uptake and synthesis of cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids and phospholipids. 2. In the current study, the genes CROT and HADHB known to encode enzymes critical for fatty acid oxidation were predicted to be potential targets of miR-33 in chickens via the miRNA target prediction programs 'miRanda' and 'TargetScan'. Co-transfection and dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that the expression of luciferase reporter gene linked to the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of the chicken CROT and HADHB mRNA was down-regulated by overexpression of the chicken miR-33 (P < 0.05). This down-regulation was completely abolished when the predicted miR-33 target sites in the CROT and HADHB 3'UTR were mutated. 3. Transfecting miR-33 mimics into the LMH cells led to a decrease in the mRNA expression of CROT and HADHB (P < 0.01), and this transfection had a similar effect on the proteins (P < 0.05). In contrast, the expression of CROT in primary chicken hepatocytes was up-regulated after transfection with the miR-33 inhibitor LNA-anti-miR-33 (P < 0.05). 4. Using quantitative RT-PCR, it was shown that the expression of miR-33 was increased in the chicken liver from day 0 to day 49 of age, whereas the CROT and HADHB mRNA levels decreased during the same period. 5. These findings support the conclusion that miR-33 might play an important role in lipid metabolism in the chicken liver by negatively regulating the expression of the CROT and HADHB genes, which encode enzymes critical for lipid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shao
- a Department of Life Science and Technology , Changshu Institute of Technology , Changshu, Jiangsu , China.,b Medical Research Centre , The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, Jiangsu , China
| | - X Wang
- c Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - J Yu
- a Department of Life Science and Technology , Changshu Institute of Technology , Changshu, Jiangsu , China
| | - K Shen
- b Medical Research Centre , The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, Jiangsu , China
| | - C Qi
- b Medical Research Centre , The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, Jiangsu , China
| | - Z Gu
- a Department of Life Science and Technology , Changshu Institute of Technology , Changshu, Jiangsu , China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) are present in body fluids in stable, cell-free form. Likewise, these miRNAs can be identified in various stages of coronary artery disease (CAD) such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, proliferation and atherosclerosis among others. miRNA expression levels can be identified. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To determine the expression of circulating miRNAs (miR-126, miR-92, miR-33, miR-145 and miR-155) in CAD patients of Indian origin. MATERIAL AND METHODS miRNA profiling analysis in blood plasma was performed by quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) in 60 angiographically verified subjects including 30 CAD patients and 30 age- and gender-matched controls. Association between the expression of all five circulating miRNAs and clinical characteristics of patients with CAD were analysed using Medcalc statistics. The severity of CAD was assessed using SYNTAX score (SS). RESULTS Expression of plasma miR-33 increased by 2.9 folds in CAD patients than in control group (p value ≥0.002) also it was found that miR-33 expression levels in mild cases (SS: ≤22) were significantly higher than CAD controls. There was a modest negative correlation between miR-33 and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein ratio, triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein. CONCLUSION The study reports a significant association between increased levels of plasma miR-33 and CAD. Thus, plasma miR-33 appears to be a promising non-invasive biomarker, but requires further validation in a large cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Lavanya Reddy
- a Research Laboratories Department , P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre , Mahim, Mumbai , India
| | - Swarup A V Shah
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre , Mahim, Mumbai , India
| | - Chandrashekhar K Ponde
- c Department of Cardiology , P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre , Mahim, Mumbai , India
| | - Rajesh M Rajani
- c Department of Cardiology , P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre , Mahim, Mumbai , India
| | - Tester F Ashavaid
- d Department of Lab Medicine , P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre , Mahim, Mumbai , India
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Tsai YC, Kuo PL, Hung WW, Wu LY, Wu PH, Chang WA, Kuo MC, Hsu YL. Angpt2 Induces Mesangial Cell Apoptosis through the MicroRNA-33-5p-SOCS5 Loop in Diabetic Nephropathy. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2018; 13:543-555. [PMID: 30414568 PMCID: PMC6226567 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Mesangial cell (MC) loss is correlated with worsening renal function in DN. Disturbance of angiopoietin (Angpt)/Tie ligand-receptor system causes inflammation and abnormal angiogenesis. This association between elevated circulating Angpt2 and poor renal outcome has been in DN patients. However, the pathogenic role of Angpt2 in the MCs remains unknown. We found serum Angpt2 levels were elevated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and db/db mice, which correlated with albuminuria. Angpt2 synergistically induced MC apoptosis under high glucose (HG), and miR-33-5p regulated Angpt2-inducing MC apoptosis treated with HG. Loss of miR-33-5p increased suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 (SOCS5), leading to the inhibition of Janus kinase 1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling transduction. Elevated expression of SOCS5 was found in the MCs in kidney sections of both db/db mice and type 2 DM patients. Decreased miR-33-5p levels were found in the urine of db/db mice and type 2 DM patients, and miR-33-55p levels negatively correlated with albuminuria. Angpt2 leads to MC apoptosis via the miR-33-5p-SOCS5 loop in DN. miR-33-5p is predictive of kidney injury in DN. These findings may provide future applications in predicting renal dysfunction and the therapeutic potential of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Abstract
The miR-33 microRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of cholesterol/lipids, and may represent therapeutic targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis. A recent report by Price et al. showed that miR-33 knockout (KO) mice exhibit obesity, insulin resistance, and increased food intake, suggesting that metabolic regulation by miR-33 is more complex than was previously known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Näär
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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22
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Sun Y, Zhang D, Liu X, Li X, Liu F, Yu Y, Jia S, Zhou Y, Zhao Y. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Affects Lipid Metabolism in Atherosclerosis Via CHOP Activation and Over-Expression of miR-33. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 48:1995-2010. [PMID: 30092598 DOI: 10.1159/000492522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important event in atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that ER stress deregulates cholesterol metabolism via multiple pathways. This study aimed to determine the relationship between ER stress and lipid metabolism and to verify that upregulation of miR-33 is involved in this process. METHODS An atherosclerosis model was established in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice fed a Western diet, and THP-1 derived macrophages were used in this study. Hematoxylin-eosin and Oil Red O staining were used to quantify the atherosclerotic plaques. 1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate labeled oxidized low-density lipoprotein binding assay and a Cholesterol Efflux Fluorometric Assay Kit were used to observe cholesterol uptake and efflux. The mRNA and protein levels of biomarkers associated with ER stress and cholesterol metabolism in atherosclerotic plaques and macrophages were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Immunofluorescence was used to observe alterations of ABCA1 localization. Small interfering RNAs were used to knock down CHOP and miR-33 in macrophages to alter CHOP and miR-33 expression. RESULTS Atherosclerotic lesions and systemic lipid levels were ameliorated after inhibition of ER stress (tauroursodeoxycholic acid) in vivo. In vitro studies confirmed that ER stress regulated the lipid catabolism of macrophages by promoting cholesterol uptake, inhibiting cholesterol efflux, and modulating the expression of related transporters. CHOP contributed to lipid metabolism disorder following ER stress. Furthermore, over-expression of miR-33 was involved in ER stress that induced lipid metabolism disorder in macrophages. These findings support a model of ER stress induction by oxidized low-density lipoprotein that affects macrophage lipid catabolism disorder. CONCLUSION Our data shed new light on the relationship between ER stress and lipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro, and confirm that upregulation of miR-33 is involved in this process. The relationship between ER stress and miR-33 represents a novel target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Price NL, Rotllan N, Canfrán-Duque A, Zhang X, Pati P, Arias N, Moen J, Mayr M, Ford DA, Baldán Á, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Genetic Dissection of the Impact of miR-33a and miR-33b during the Progression of Atherosclerosis. Cell Rep 2017; 21:1317-30. [PMID: 29091769 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important regulator of macrophage cholesterol efflux and HDL biogenesis, miR-33 is a promising target for treatment of atherosclerosis, and numerous studies demonstrate that inhibition of miR-33 increases HDL levels and reduces plaque burden. However, important questions remain about how miR-33 impacts atherogenesis, including whether this protection is primarily due to direct effects on plaque macrophages or regulation of lipid metabolism in the liver. We demonstrate that miR-33 deficiency in Ldlr-/- mice promotes obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia but does not impact plaque development. We further assess how loss of miR-33 or addition of miR-33b in macrophages and other hematopoietic cells impact atherogenesis. Macrophage-specific loss of miR-33 decreases lipid accumulation and inflammation under hyperlipidemic conditions, leading to reduced plaque burden. Therefore, the pro-atherogenic effects observed in miR-33-deficient mice are likely counterbalanced by protective effects in macrophages, which may be the primary mechanism through which anti-miR-33 therapies reduce atherosclerosis.
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Deng X, Qin S, Chen Y, Liu HY, Yuan E, Deng H, Liu SM. B-RCA revealed circulating miR-33a/b associates with serum cholesterol in type 2 diabetes patients at high risk of ASCVD. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 140:191-199. [PMID: 29601916 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disease with high incidence throughout the world. Dyslipidemia is the leading cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) in T2D patients. hsa-miR-33 (miR-33) serves as a regulator in lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that blood miR-33 associates with serum lipids in T2D patients at high risk of ASCVD events. METHODS We developed a branched rolling circle amplification (B-RCA) method and assessed its sensitivity and specificity with miR-33a/b standards by traditional TaqMan assay. Circulating miR-33a/b level was then determined with B-RCA in 30 T2D patients at high risk for developing ASCVD and 33 healthy controls. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between circulating miR-33a/b and serum cholesterol. RESULTS Compared with TaqMan assay, B-RCA method showed a similar specificity and a 100-fold higher sensitivity for miR-33a detection. Circulating miR-33a/b level is positively correlated with serum total cholesterol (TC) (r = 0.364, p = 0.048) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (r = 0.383, p = 0.037) in T2D patients at high risk for developing ASCVD. CONCLUSIONS Our B-RCA method provided an alternative strategy with specificity and high sensitivity for circulating miRNAs detection, and the results demonstrated that miR-33a/b might play an important role in cholesterol regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujing Deng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Yuqi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Huan-Yu Liu
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, China.
| | - Erfeng Yuan
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Haohua Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Song-Mei Liu
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Yang S, Si L, Fan L, Jian W, Pei H, Lin R. Polysaccharide IV from Lycium barbarum L. Improves Lipid Profiles of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus of Pregnancy by Upregulating ABCA1 and Downregulating Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Transcription 1 via miR-33. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:49. [PMID: 29527188 PMCID: PMC5829030 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. (LBL) has beneficial effects on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) but the related mechanism remains unclear. Polysaccharides of LBL (LBLP) are the main bioactive components of LBL. miR-33, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription 1 (SREBF1) affect lipid profiles, which are associated with GDM risk. LBLP may exert protective against GDM by affecting these molecules. Four LBLP fractions: LBLP-I, LBLP-II, LBLP-III, and LBLP-IV were isolated from LBL and further purified by using DEAE-Sephadex column. The effects of purified each fraction on pancreatic beta cells were comparatively evaluated. A total of 158 GDM patients were recruited and randomly divided into LBL group (LG) and placebo group (CG). miR-33 levels, lipid profiles, insulin resistance and secretory functions were measured. The association between serum miR-33 levels and lipid profiles were evaluated by using Spearman's rank-order correlation test. After 4-week therapy, LBL reduced miR-33 level, insulin resistance and increased insulin secretion of GDM patients. LBL increased the levels of ABCA1, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and reduced miR-33, SREBF1, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and malondialdehyde. Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function and insulin resistance was lower in LG than in CG, whereas homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function and insulin secretory function was higher in LG than in CG. There was a strong positive association between miR-33 level and TG, or TC and or LDL-C, and a strong negative association between miR-33 level and HDL-C. The levels of miR-33 had negative relation with ABCA1 and positive relation with SREBF1. ABCA1 has negative relation with TG, TC, and LDL-C and positive relation with HDL-C. Inversely, SREBF1 had positive relation with TG, TC, and LDL-C and negative relation with HDL-C. The main bioactive compound LBLP-IV of LBL increased insulin secretion of beta cells and the levels of ABCA1, and reduced miR-33 levels and SREBF1 in beta cells. However, LBLP-IV could not change the levels of these molecules anymore when miR-33 was overexpressed or silenced. LBLP-IV had the similar effects with LBL on beta cells while other components had no such effects. Thus, LBLP-IV from LBL improves lipid profiles by upregulating ABCA1 and downregulating SREBF1 via miR-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihui Si
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Limei Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenwen Jian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huilin Pei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruixin Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ruixin Lin,
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Tang CY, Man XF, Guo Y, Tang HN, Tang J, Zhou CL, Tan SW, Wang M, Zhou HD. IRS-2 Partially Compensates for the Insulin Signal Defects in IRS-1 -/- Mice Mediated by miR-33. Mol Cells 2017; 40:123-132. [PMID: 28190325 PMCID: PMC5339503 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.2228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin signaling is coordinated by insulin receptor substrates (IRSs). Many insulin responses, especially for blood glucose metabolism, are mediated primarily through Irs-1 and Irs-2. Irs-1 knockout mice show growth retardation and insulin signaling defects, which can be compensated by other IRSs in vivo; however, the underlying mechanism is not clear. Here, we presented an Irs-1 truncated mutated mouse (Irs-1-/-) with growth retardation and subcutaneous adipocyte atrophy. Irs-1-/- mice exhibited mild insulin resistance, as demonstrated by the insulin tolerance test. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity and phosphorylated Protein Kinase B (PKB/AKT) expression were elevated in liver, skeletal muscle, and subcutaneous adipocytes in Irs-1 deficiency. In addition, the expression of IRS-2 and its phosphorylated version were clearly elevated in liver and skeletal muscle. With miRNA microarray analysis, we found miR-33 was down-regulated in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) of Irs-1-/- mice, while its target gene Irs-2 was up-regulated in vitro studies. In addition, miR-33 was down-regulated in the presence of Irs-1 and which was up-regulated in fasting status. What's more, miR-33 restored its expression in re-feeding status. Meanwhile, miR-33 levels decreased and Irs-2 levels increased in liver, skeletal muscle, and subcutaneous adipocytes of Irs-1-/- mice. In primary cultured liver cells transfected with an miR-33 inhibitor, the expression of IRS-2, PI3K, and phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT) increased while the opposite results were observed in the presence of an miR-33 mimic. Therefore, decreased miR-33 levels can up-regulate IRS-2 expression, which appears to compensate for the defects of the insulin signaling pathway in Irs-1 deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011,
China
| | - Xiao-Fei Man
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011,
China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011,
China
| | - Hao-Neng Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011,
China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011,
China
| | - Ci-La Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011,
China
| | - Shu-Wen Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011,
China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008,
China
| | - Hou-De Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011,
China
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Zhu S, He Q, Zhang R, Wang Y, Zhong W, Xia H, Yu J. Decreased expression of miR-33 in fetal lungs of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia rat model. J Pediatr Surg 2016; 51:1096-100. [PMID: 27041227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and the causes of pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension remain unclear. miRNAs have been identified to play important regulatory roles in pulmonary pathological processes and lung development. We carried out the study to investigate the hypothesis that specific miRNAs are expressed differently in the lungs of nitrofen-induced rats, and to explore the possible targeting genes and roles of miR-33 in the pathological process of CDH. METHODS Pregnant rats were divided into nitrofen and control group, and were exposed to nitrofen or vehicle respectively on D9. Fetuses were harvested on D21 and left lungs were dissected. 4 samples from each group underwent miRNAs microarray analysis using Agilent miRNA Array. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was further performed to validate the miR-33 expression. RESULTS 11 miRNAs exhibited increased expression in nitrofen group compared with control (p<0.05): miR-3588, miR-382*, miR-363, miR-375, miR-487b, miR-483, miR-382, miR-495, miR-434, miR-181a, and miR-99a. 14 miRNAs showed decreased expression (p<0.05): miR-33, miR-193, miR-338, miR-30c-2*, miR-22, miR-18a, miR-532-5p, miR-28, miR-96, miR-551b, miR-141, miR-362*, miR-30a*, and miR-3559-5p. Among them, miR-33 expression was markedly decreased in CDH lungs compared to controls and the result was confirmed by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSION Decreased expression of miR-33 was found in the nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lung on D21. This finding suggests that pathogenesis of lung hypoplasia and CDH in the nitrofen model involve epigenetic layer of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Zhu
- Surgical Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuming He
- Surgical Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Surgical Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Surgical Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Surgical Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Xia
- Surgical Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiakang Yu
- Surgical Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) represent a group of powerful and versatile posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression being involved in the fine control of a plethora of physiological and pathological processes. Besides their well-established crucial roles in the regulation of cell cycle, embryogenesis or tumorigenesis, these tiny molecules have also been shown to participate in the regulation of lipid metabolism. In particular, miRs orchestrate cholesterol and fatty acids synthesis, transport, and degradation and low-density and high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) formation. It is thus not surprising that they have also been reported to affect the development and progression of several lipid metabolism-related disorders including liver steatosis and atherosclerosis. Mounting evidence suggests that miRs might represent important "posttranscriptional hubs" of lipid metabolism, which means that one miR usually targets 3'-untranslated regions of various mRNAs that are involved in different steps of one precise metabolic/signaling pathway, e.g., one miR targets mRNAs of enzymes important for cholesterol synthesis, degradation, and transport. Therefore, changes in the levels of one key miR affect various steps of one pathway, which is thereby promoted or inhibited. This makes miRs potent future diagnostic and even therapeutic tools for personalized medicine. Within this chapter, the most prominent microRNAs involved in lipid metabolism, e.g., miR-27a/b, miR-33/33*, miR-122, miR-144, or miR-223, and their intracellular and extracellular functions will be extensively discussed, in particular focusing on their mechanistic role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Special emphasis will be given on miR-122, the first microRNA currently in clinical trials for the treatment of hepatitis C and on miR-223, the most abundant miR in lipoprotein particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Novák
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5-building A18, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5-building A20, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Olejníčková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5-building A20, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Tkáčová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5-building A20, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital —Manhattan, New York, NY, USA; “Federico II” University Hospital, Naples, Italy
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Kim J, Yoon H, Horie T, Burchett JM, Restivo JL, Rotllan N, Ramírez CM, Verghese PB, Ihara M, Hoe HS, Esau C, Fernández-Hernando C, Holtzman DM, Cirrito JR, Ono K, Kim J. microRNA-33 Regulates ApoE Lipidation and Amyloid-β Metabolism in the Brain. J Neurosci 2015; 35:14717-26. [PMID: 26538644 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2053-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dysregulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolism is critical for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Mounting evidence suggests that apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is involved in Aβ metabolism. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a key regulator of ApoE lipidation, which affects Aβ levels. Therefore, identifying regulatory mechanisms of ABCA1 expression in the brain may provide new therapeutic targets for AD. Here, we demonstrate that microRNA-33 (miR-33) regulates ABCA1 and Aβ levels in the brain. Overexpression of miR-33 impaired cellular cholesterol efflux and dramatically increased extracellular Aβ levels by promoting Aβ secretion and impairing Aβ clearance in neural cells. In contrast, genetic deletion of mir-33 in mice dramatically increased ABCA1 levels and ApoE lipidation, but it decreased endogenous Aβ levels in cortex. Most importantly, pharmacological inhibition of miR-33 via antisense oligonucleotide specifically in the brain markedly decreased Aβ levels in cortex of APP/PS1 mice, representing a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Brain lipid metabolism, in particular Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) lipidation, is critical to Aβ metabolism and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain lipid metabolism is largely separated from the periphery due to blood-brain barrier and different repertoire of lipoproteins. Therefore, identifying the novel regulatory mechanism of brain lipid metabolism may provide a new therapeutic strategy for AD. Although there have been studies on brain lipid metabolism, its regulation, in particular by microRNAs, is relatively unknown. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of microRNA-33 increases lipidation of brain ApoE and reduces Aβ levels by inducing ABCA1. We provide a unique approach for AD therapeutics to increase ApoE lipidation and reduce Aβ levels via pharmacological inhibition of microRNA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Price
- From the Section of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- From the Section of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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Zheng Y, Jiang S, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Gong D. Detection of miR-33 Expression and the Verification of Its Target Genes in the Fatty Liver of Geese. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12737-52. [PMID: 26057744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: miRNAs are single-stranded, small RNA molecules with a length of 18–25 nucleotides. They bind to the 3′ untranslated regions of mRNA transcripts to reduce the translation of these transcripts or to cause their degradation. The roles of these molecules differ in biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and tumor genesis. miRNA-33 is encoded by the gene introns of proteins that bind sterol-regulatory elements. This molecule cooperates with these proteins to control cholesterol homeostasis, fatty acid levels and the genes that are related to the expression of fat metabolism. The examination of miR-33 expression and its target genes can promote the in-depth study of the miRNA regulation mechanism in the formation process of goose fatty liver and can lay a foundation for research into human fatty liver. Methodology/principal findings: (1) Through real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan MicroRNA Assay), we detected the expression of miR-33 during the feeding of Landes geese. The expression level of miR-33 increases significantly in the liver after 19 days in comparison with the control group; (2) By using the bioinformatics software programs TargetScan, miRDB and miRCosm to predict the target genes of miR-33 according to laboratory prophase transcriptome results and references, we screen nine target genes: adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporters A1, adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporters G1, Neimann Pick C, carnitine O-octanoyltransferase (CROT), cyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase, beta subunit (HADHB), AMP-activated protein kinase, alpha subunit 1 (AMPKα1), insulin receptor substrate 2, glutamic pyruvate transaminase and adipose differentiation-related protein. The dual luciferase reporter gene system in the CHO cell line verifies that CROT, HADHB and NPC1 are the target genes of miR-33 in geese. The inhibition rate of CROT is highest and reaches 70%; (3) The seed sequence (5′ 2–8 bases) is the acting site of miR-33. The two predicted target sites of CROT are the target sites of miR-33. Moreover, the predicted target site of HADHB and NPC1 is the target site of miR-33. Conclusions/significance: (1) After 19 days of overfeeding, the expression level of miR-33 increases significantly in the livers of geese; (2) CROT, HADHB and NPC1 are the target genes of miR-33 in geese. These genes determine the combined target site.
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Kuo CH, Leon L, Chung EJ, Huang RT, Sontag TJ, Reardon CA, Getz GS, Tirrell M, Fang Y. Inhibition of atherosclerosis-promoting microRNAs via targeted polyelectrolyte complex micelles. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:8142-8153. [PMID: 25685357 PMCID: PMC4322949 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00977k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complex micelles have great potential as gene delivery vehicles because of their ability to encapsulate charged nucleic acids forming a core by neutralizing their charge, while simultaneously protecting the nucleic acids from non-specific interactions and enzymatic degradation. Furthermore, to enhance specificity and transfection efficiency, polyelectrolyte complex micelles can be modified to include targeting capabilities. Here, we describe the design of targeted polyelectrolyte complex micelles containing inhibitors against dys-regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) that promote atherosclerosis, a leading cause of human mortality and morbidity. Inhibition of dys-regulated miRNAs in diseased cells associated with atherosclerosis has resulted in therapeutic efficacy in animal models and has been proposed to treat human diseases. However, the non-specific targeting of microRNA inhibitors via systemic delivery has remained an issue that may cause unwanted side effects. For this reason, we incorporated two different peptide sequences to our miRNA inhibitor containing polyelectrolyte complex micelles. One of the peptides (Arginine-Glutamic Acid-Lysine-Alanine or REKA) was used in another micellar system that demonstrated lesion-specific targeting in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. The other peptide (Valine-Histidine-Proline-Lysine-Glutamine-Histidine-Arginine or VHPKQHR) was identified via phage display and targets vascular endothelial cells through the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In this study we have tested the in vitro efficacy and efficiency of lesion- and cell-specific delivery of microRNA inhibitors to the cells associated with atherosclerotic lesions via peptide-targeted polyelectrolyte complex micelles. Our results show that REKA-containing micelles (fibrin-targeting) and VHPKQHR-containing micelles (VCAM-1 targeting) can be used to carry and deliver microRNA inhibitors into macrophages and human endothelial cells, respectively. Additionally, the functionality of miRNA inhibitors in cells was demonstrated by analyzing miRNA expression as well as the expression or the biological function of its downstream target protein. Our study provides the first demonstration of targeting dys-regulated miRNAs in atherosclerosis using targeted polyelectrolyte complex micelles and holds promising potential for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lorraine Leon
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ru-Ting Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Timothy J. Sontag
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Godfrey S. Getz
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Matthew Tirrell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439
| | - Yun Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Abstract
RATIONALE Several reports suggest that antisense oligonucleotides against miR-33 might reduce cardiovascular risk in patients by accelerating the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. However, conflicting reports exist about the impact of anti-miR-33 therapy on the levels of very low-density lipoprotein-triglycerides (VLDL-TAG). OBJECTIVE We test the hypothesis that miR-33 controls hepatic VLDL-TAG secretion. METHODS AND RESULTS Using therapeutic silencing of miR-33 and adenoviral overexpression of miR-33, we show that miR-33 limits hepatic secretion of VLDL-TAG by targeting N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF), both in vivo and in primary hepatocytes. We identify conserved sequences in the 3'UTR of NSF as miR-33 responsive elements and show that Nsf is specifically recruited to the RNA-induced silencing complex following induction of miR-33. In pulse-chase experiments, either miR-33 overexpression or knock-down of Nsf lead to decreased secretion of apolipoproteins and TAG in primary hepatocytes, compared with control cells. Importantly, Nsf rescues miR-33-dependent reduced secretion. Finally, we show that overexpression of Nsf in vivo increases global hepatic secretion and raises plasma VLDL-TAG. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data reveal key roles for the miR-33-NSF axis during hepatic secretion and suggest that caution should be taken with anti-miR-33-based therapies because they might raise proatherogenic VLDL-TAG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Allen
- From the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.M.A., T.J.M., J.J.J, A.B.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research (R.M.A., T.J.M., A.B.), St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tyler J Marquart
- From the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.M.A., T.J.M., J.J.J, A.B.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research (R.M.A., T.J.M., A.B.), St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jordan J Jesse
- From the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.M.A., T.J.M., J.J.J, A.B.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research (R.M.A., T.J.M., A.B.), St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Angel Baldán
- From the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.M.A., T.J.M., J.J.J, A.B.) and Center for Cardiovascular Research (R.M.A., T.J.M., A.B.), St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO.
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Rotllan N, Ramírez CM, Aryal B, Esau CC, Fernández-Hernando C. Therapeutic silencing of microRNA-33 inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice--brief report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1973-7. [PMID: 23702658 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the efficacy of anti-miRNA-33 therapy on the progression of atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Ldlr(-/-) mice were injected subcutaneously with PBS, control, or anti-miR-33 oligonucleotides weekly and fed a Western diet for 12 weeks. At the end of treatment, the expression of miR-33 target genes was increased in the liver and aorta, demonstrating effective inhibition of miR-33 function. Interestingly, plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol was significantly increased in anti-miR-33-treated mice but only when they were fed a chow diet. However, HDL isolated from anti-miR-33-treated mice showed an increase cholesterol efflux capacity compared with HDL isolated from nontargeting oligonucleotide-treated mice. Analysis of atherosclerosis revealed a significant reduction of plaque size and macrophage content in mice receiving anti-miR-33. In contrast, no differences in collagen content and necrotic areas were observed among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS Long-term anti-miR-33 therapy significantly reduces the progression of atherosclerosis and improves HDL functionality. The antiatherogenic effect is independent of plasma HDL-cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Rotllan
- Department of Medicine, Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology and Cell Biology and the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Schmidt U, Herrmann L, Hagl K, Novak B, Huber C, Holsboer F, Wotjak CT, Buell DR. Therapeutic Action of Fluoxetine is Associated with a Reduction in Prefrontal Cortical miR-1971 Expression Levels in a Mouse Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4:66. [PMID: 23847554 PMCID: PMC3706988 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that have recently emerged as epigenetic modulators of gene expression in psychiatric diseases like schizophrenia and major depression. So far, miRNAs have neither been studied in patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) nor in PTSD animal models. Here, we present the first study exploring the connection between miRNAs and PTSD. Employing our previously established PTSD mouse model, we assessed miRNA profiles in prefrontal cortices (PFCs) dissected from either fluoxetine or control-treated wildtype C57BL/6N mice 74 days after their subjection to either a single traumatic electric footshock or mock-treatment. Fluoxetine is an antidepressant known to be effective both in PTSD patients and in mice suffering from a PTSD-like syndrome. Screening for differences in the relative expression levels of all potential miRNA target sequences of miRBase 18.0 by pairwise comparison of the PFC miRNA profiles of the four mouse groups mentioned resulted in identification of five miRNA candidate molecules. Validation of these miRNA candidates by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed that the therapeutic action of fluoxetine in shocked mice is associated with a significant reduction in mmu-miR-1971 expression. Furthermore, our findings suggest that traumatic stress and fluoxetine interact to cause distinct alterations in the mouse PFC miRNA signature in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Schmidt
- RG Molecular Psychotraumatology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry , Munich , Germany
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