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Tohidinia M, Sefid F. Identification B and T-Cell epitopes and functional exposed amino acids of S protein as a potential vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Microb Pathog 2020; 148:104459. [PMID: 32835775 PMCID: PMC7441888 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus that it disease spreads in over the world. Coronaviruses are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses with a genome of approximately 30 KD, the largest genome among RNA viruses. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. So, there is an emergency need for vaccines and antiviral strategies. The spike protein is the major surface protein that it uses to bind to a receptor of another protein that acts as a doorway into a human cell. The putative antigenic epitopes may prove effective as novel vaccines for eradication and combating of COV19 infection. A combination of available bioinformatics tools are used to synthesis of such peptides that are important for the development of a vaccine. In conclusion, amino acids 250-800 were selected as effective B cell epitopes, T cell epitopes, and functional exposed amino acids in order to a recombinant vaccine against coronavirus.
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MESH Headings
- Binding Sites
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/virology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Drug Design
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Conformation
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tohidinia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Sefid
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran; Department of Biology, Science and Art University, Yazd, Iran.
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2
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Poh CM, Zheng J, Channappanavar R, Chang ZW, Nguyen THO, Rénia L, Kedzierska K, Perlman S, Poon LLM. Multiplex Screening Assay for Identifying Cytotoxic CD8 + T Cell Epitopes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:400. [PMID: 32218786 PMCID: PMC7078160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of epitope-specific CD8+ T cells is usually measured indirectly through IFNγ production. Existing assays that directly measure this activity are limited mainly to measurements of up to two specificities in a single reaction. Here, we develop a multiplex cytotoxicity assay that allows direct, simultaneous measurement of up to 23 different specificities of CD8+ T cells in a single reaction. This can greatly reduce the amount of starting clinical materials for a systematic screening of CD8+ T cell epitopes. In addition, this greatly enhanced capacity enables the incorporation of irrelevant epitopes for determining the non-specific killing activity of CD8+ T cells, thereby allowing to measure the actual epitope-specific cytotoxicity activities. This technique is shown to be useful to study both human and mouse CD8+ T cells. Besides, our results from human PBMCs and three independent infectious animal models (MERS, influenza and malaria) further reveal that IFNγ expression by epitope-specific CD8+ T cells does not always correlate with their cell-killing potential, highlighting the need for using cytotoxicity assays in specific contexts (e.g., evaluating vaccine candidates). Overall, our approach opens up new possibilities for comprehensive analyses of CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity in a practical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chek Meng Poh
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Rudragouda Channappanavar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Zi Wei Chang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thi H. O. Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Leo L. M. Poon
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Paul S, Chun Wang EH, de Jong A, Christiano AM, Sette A. Large-Scale Epitope Identification Screen and Its Potential Application to the Study of Alopecia Areata. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2018; 19:S54-S56. [PMID: 29273108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jisp.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinu Paul
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
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4
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Hossain MS, Azad AK, Chowdhury PA, Wakayama M. Computational Identification and Characterization of a Promiscuous T-Cell Epitope on the Extracellular Protein 85B of Mycobacterium spp. for Peptide-Based Subunit Vaccine Design. Biomed Res Int 2017; 2017:4826030. [PMID: 28401156 PMCID: PMC5376426 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4826030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a reemerging disease that remains as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. To identify and characterize a T-cell epitope suitable for vaccine design, we have utilized the Vaxign server to assess all antigenic proteins of Mycobacterium spp. recorded to date in the Protegen database. We found that the extracellular protein 85B displayed the most robust antigenicity among the proteins identified. Computational tools for identifying T-cell epitopes predicted an epitope, 181-QQFIYAGSLSALLDP-195, that could bind to at least 13 major histocompatibility complexes, revealing the promiscuous nature of the epitope. Molecular docking simulation demonstrated that the epitope could bind to the binding groove of MHC II and MHC I molecules by several hydrogen bonds. Molecular docking analysis further revealed that the epitope had a distinctive binding pattern to all DRB1 and A and B series of MHC molecules and presented almost no polymorphism in its binding site. Moreover, using "Allele Frequency Database," we checked the frequency of HLA alleles in the worldwide population and found a higher frequency of both class I and II HLA alleles in individuals living in TB-endemic regions. Our results indicate that the identified peptide might be a universal candidate to produce an efficient epitope-based vaccine for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saddam Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mamoru Wakayama
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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5
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Hafalla JCR, Bauza K, Friesen J, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G, Hill AVS, Matuschewski K. Identification of targets of CD8⁺ T cell responses to malaria liver stages by genome-wide epitope profiling. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003303. [PMID: 23675294 PMCID: PMC3649980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8⁺ T cells mediate immunity against Plasmodium liver stages. However, the paucity of parasite-specific epitopes of CD8⁺ T cells has limited our current understanding of the mechanisms influencing the generation, maintenance and efficiency of these responses. To identify antigenic epitopes in a stringent murine malaria immunisation model, we performed a systematic profiling of H(2b)-restricted peptides predicted from genome-wide analysis. We describe the identification of Plasmodium berghei (Pb) sporozoite-specific gene 20 (S20)- and thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP)-derived peptides, termed PbS20₃₁₈ and PbTRAP₁₃₀ respectively, as targets of CD8⁺ T cells from C57BL/6 mice vaccinated by whole parasite strategies known to protect against sporozoite challenge. While both PbS20₃₁₈ and PbTRAP₁₃₀ elicit effector and effector memory phenotypes in both the spleens and livers of immunised mice, only PbTRAP₁₃₀-specific CD8⁺ T cells exhibit in vivo cytotoxicity. Moreover, PbTRAP₁₃₀-specific, but not PbS20₃₁₈-specific, CD8⁺ T cells significantly contribute to inhibition of parasite development. Prime/boost vaccination with PbTRAP demonstrates CD8⁺ T cell-dependent efficacy against sporozoite challenge. We conclude that PbTRAP is an immunodominant antigen during liver-stage infection. Together, our results underscore the presence of CD8⁺ T cells with divergent potencies against distinct Plasmodium liver-stage epitopes. Our identification of antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells will allow interrogation of the development of immune responses against malaria liver stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Clemence R. Hafalla
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JCRH); (KM)
| | - Karolis Bauza
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Friesen
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gloria Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Investigation in Applied Medicine (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adrian V. S. Hill
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Matuschewski
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (JCRH); (KM)
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6
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Tang XD, Wang GZ, Guo J, Lü MH, Li C, Li N, Chao YL, Li CZ, Wu YY, Hu CJ, Fang DC, Yang SM. Multiple Antigenic Peptides Based on H-2Kb–Restricted CTL Epitopes from Murine Heparanase Induce a Potent Antitumor Immune Response In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:1183-92. [PMID: 22442309 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Tang
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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7
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Peng JR, Dong N, Liu HW, Leng XS. [Identification of a naturally presented MAGE-A3 epitope on the surface of HLE cell line by mass spectrometry]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2007; 45:595-7. [PMID: 17688791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify a naturally presented HLA-A2-restricted epitope of MAGE-A3 antigen, FLWGPRALV (MAGE-A3(271 - 279)), on the surface of a human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line HLE. METHODS Synthetic peptide FLWGPRALV, served as positive control target, was analyzed by HPLC and HPLC-ESI-TOF-MSMS, in order to determine its HPLC elution time, mass-spectrometric characteristics and the lowest detection limitation by the two approaches. 3 x 10(9) HLE cells were collected, peptides naturally presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the cell surface were isolated by mild acid elution, and concentrated by lyophilization, then the mixtures of peptides were fractioned by HPLC. The ingredient ranged from 2 min before the elution time determined by the synthetic peptide to 2 min after that was collected, concentrated by lyophilization, and analyzed by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MSMS, to identify the existence of the MAGE-A3(271 - 279) peptide. RESULTS The HPLC-ESI-TOF-MSMS detection provided an evidence for the existence of a doubly charged ion of (m/z)(2) 529.9, which was further analyzed by collision induced dissociation. The doubly charged ion was ultimately identified as the MAGE-A3(271 - 279) peptide, its amino sequence was FLWGPRALV and its molecular weight was 1058.4 Da. CONCLUSIONS MAGE-A3(271 - 279) epitope could be naturally presented by HLA-A2 molecules to the surface of HCC cell line and MAGE-A3(271 - 279) peptide may have potential immunotherapeutic value in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-run Peng
- Center of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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8
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Zhao J, Huang Q, Wang W, Zhang Y, Lv P, Gao XM. Identification and characterization of dominant helper T-cell epitopes in the nucleocapsid protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Virol 2007; 81:6079-88. [PMID: 17392374 PMCID: PMC1900298 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02568-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By using a series of overlapping synthetic peptides covering 98% of the amino acid sequence of the nucleocapsid protein (NP) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), four helper T-cell (Th) epitopes (NP11, residues 11 to 25; NP51, residues 51 to 65; NP61, residues 61 to 75; and NP111, residues 111 to 125) in C57BL mice (H-2(b)), four (NP21, residues 21 to 35; NP91, residues 91 to 105; NP331, residues 331 to 345; and NP351, residues 351 to 365) in C3H mice (H-2(k)), and two (NP81, residues 81 to 95; and NP351, residues 351 to 365) in BALB/c mice (H-2(d)) have been identified. All of these peptides were able to stimulate the proliferation of NP-specific T-cell lines or freshly isolated lymph node cells from mice immunized with recombinant NP. Immunization of mice with synthetic peptides containing appropriate Th epitopes elicited strong cellular immunity in vivo, as evidenced by delayed-type hypersensitivity. Priming with the helper peptides (e.g., NP111 and NP351) significantly accelerated the immune response induced by recombinant NP, as determined by the production of NP-specific antibodies. When fused with a conserved neutralizing epitope (SP1143-1157) from the spike protein of SARS-CoV, NP111 and NP351 assisted in the production of high-titer neutralizing antibodies in vivo. These data provide useful insights regarding immunity against SARS-CoV and have the potential to help guide the design of peptide-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincun Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
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9
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Asemissen AM, Keilholz U, Tenzer S, Müller M, Walter S, Stevanovic S, Schild H, Letsch A, Thiel E, Rammensee HG, Scheibenbogen C. Identification of a Highly Immunogenic HLA-A*01-Binding T Cell Epitope of WT1. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:7476-82. [PMID: 17189421 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The transcription factor Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1) belongs to a new generation of tumor antigens, as it is essential for tumor cell proliferation and is highly expressed in various hematologic and solid malignancies. The aim of this study was to apply a modified reverse immunology strategy to identify immunogenic epitopes of WT1 which could be useful for immunotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Potential HLA-A*01 epitopes predicted by a MHC binding algorithm were screened for recognition by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with spontaneous T cell responses using intracellular cytokine cytometry. Epitope processing was shown by proteasomal cleavage. Epitope-specific T cells were generated from CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell-depleted PBMC. RESULTS One of five predicted HLA-A*01-binding candidate epitopes showed high immunogenicity as 5 of 14 patients with hematologic malignancies had WT1.317-327-reactive T cells ranging from 0.4% to 1.5% of CD3+CD8+ T cells. Proteasomal degradation assays indicated the cleavage of WT1.317-327. The depletion of regulatory T cells from PBMCs enabled the rapid expansion of WT1.317-327-specific CTL, whereas no CTL could be generated from unfractionated PBMC. WT1.317-327-specific CTL efficiently lysed an autologous WT1-expressing tumor cell line but not HLA-A*01-negative WT1-expressing tumor cells. Immunogenicity of the epitope across histologies was verified by the demonstration of spontaneous ex vivo WT1.317-327-specific T cell responses in two of six patients with HLA-A*01-positive melanoma or lung cancer. CONCLUSION In this study, a modified reverse immunology strategy was employed to identify a first immunogenic HLA-A*01-restricted T cell epitope of the tumor antigen WT1, which is of considerable interest for use in vaccination trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Asemissen
- Medizinische Klinik III, Hematology, Oncology, and Transfusion Medicine, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Martins DRA, Jeronimo SMB, Donelson JE, Wilson ME. Leishmania chagasi T-cell antigens identified through a double library screen. Infect Immun 2006; 74:6940-8. [PMID: 17000724 PMCID: PMC1698060 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02032-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2005] [Revised: 01/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of human visceral leishmaniasis in regions where it is endemic is hampered in part by limited accessibility to medical care and emerging drug resistance. There is no available protective vaccine. Leishmania spp. protozoa express multiple antigens recognized by the vertebrate immune system. Since there is not one immunodominant epitope recognized by most hosts, strategies must be developed to optimize selection of antigens for prevention and immunodiagnosis. For this reason, we generated a cDNA library from the intracellular amastigote form of Leishmania chagasi, the cause of South American visceral leishmaniasis. We employed a two-step expression screen of the library to systematically identify T-cell antigens and T-dependent B-cell antigens. The first step was aimed at identifying the largest possible number of clones producing an epitope-containing polypeptide by screening with a pool of sera from Brazilians with documented visceral leishmaniasis. After removal of clones encoding heat shock proteins, positive clones underwent a second-step screen for their ability to cause proliferation and gamma interferon responses in T cells from immune mice. Six unique clones were selected from the second screen for further analysis. The corresponding antigens were derived from glutamine synthetase, a transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase, elongation factor 1gamma, kinesin K39, repetitive protein A2, and a hypothetical conserved protein. Humans naturally infected with L. chagasi mounted both cellular and antibody responses to these proteins. Preparations containing multiple antigens may be optimal for immunodiagnosis and protective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella R A Martins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, SW34-GH, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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11
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Kantakamalakul W, de Souza M, Bejrachandra S, Ampol S, Cox J, Sutthent R. Identification of a novel HIV type 1 CRF01_AE cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope restricted by an HLA-Cw0602 allele and a novel HLA-A0206/peptide restriction. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2006; 22:1271-82. [PMID: 17209771 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2006.22.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes specific T cell responses to HIV-1 CRF01_AE Env and A Gag peptides in 20 HIV-1 CRF01_AE-infected Thai individuals using an interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay. Twenty-six potentially novel HLA class I-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified in 14/20 subjects. Fine mapping analysis using the chromium release cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assay revealed a novel HLA-Cw0602 restricted epitope of HIV-1 CRF01_AE Env (NAKTIIVHL) and a previously identified HIV-1 A Gag epitope (ATLEEMMTA) with a novel HLA-A0206 restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannee Kantakamalakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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12
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Zhou M, Xu D, Li X, Li H, Shan M, Tang J, Wang M, Wang FS, Zhu X, Tao H, He W, Tien P, Gao GF. Screening and identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-specific CTL epitopes. J Immunol 2006; 177:2138-45. [PMID: 16887973 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.4.2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a highly contagious and life-threatening disease that emerged in China in November 2002. A novel SARS-associated coronavirus was identified as its principal etiologic agent; however, the immunopathogenesis of SARS and the role of special CTLs in virus clearance are still largely uncharacterized. In this study, potential HLA-A*0201-restricted spike (S) and nucleocapsid protein-derived peptides were selected from an online database and screened for potential CTL epitopes by in vitro refolding and T2 cell-stabilization assays. The antigenicity of nine peptides which could refold with HLA-A*0201 molecules was assessed with an IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay to determine the capacity to stimulate CTLs from PBMCs of HLA-A2(+) SARS-recovered donors. A novel HLA-A*0201-restricted decameric epitope P15 (S411-420, KLPDDFMGCV) derived from the S protein was identified and found to localize within the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor-binding region of the S1 domain. P15 could significantly enhance the expression of HLA-A*0201 molecules on the T2 cell surface, stimulate IFN-gamma-producing CTLs from the PBMCs of former SARS patients, and induce specific CTLs from P15-immunized HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice in vivo. Furthermore, significant P15-specific CTLs were induced from HLA-A2.1-transgenic mice immunized by a DNA vaccine encoding the S protein; suggesting that P15 was a naturally processed epitope. Thus, P15 may be a novel SARS-associated coronavirus-specific CTL epitope and a potential target for characterization of virus control mechanisms and evaluation of candidate SARS vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- HLA-A Antigens/biosynthesis
- HLA-A Antigens/metabolism
- HLA-A2 Antigen
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Intracellular Fluid/immunology
- Intracellular Fluid/metabolism
- Intracellular Fluid/virology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/administration & dosage
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/isolation & purification
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/isolation & purification
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/isolation & purification
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/immunology
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/isolation & purification
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/metabolism
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/isolation & purification
- Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghai Zhou
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Center for Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, The People's Republic of China
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13
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Lund BT, Chakryan Y, Ashikian N, Mnatsakanyan L, Bevan CJ, Aguilera R, Gallaher T, Jakowec MW. Association of MBP peptides with Hsp70 in normal appearing human white matter. J Neurol Sci 2006; 249:122-34. [PMID: 16842822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2006.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2005] [Revised: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease directed against myelin proteins. The etiology of MS is poorly defined though, with no definitive causative agent yet identified. It has been hypothesized that MS may be a multifactorial disease resulting in the same end product: the destruction of myelin by the immune system. In this report we describe a potential role for heat shock proteins in the pathogenesis of MS. We isolated Hsp70 from the normal appearing white matter of both MS and normal human brain and found this was actively associated with, among other things, immunodominant MBP peptides. Hsp70-MBP peptide complexes prepared in vitro were shown to be highly immunogenic, with adjuvant-like effects stimulating MBP peptide-specific T cell lines to respond to normally sub-optimal concentrations of peptide. This demonstration of a specific interaction between Hsp70 and different MBP peptides, coupled with the adjuvanticity of this association is suggestive of a possible role for Hsp70 in the immunopathology associated with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett T Lund
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, McKibben Annex, Room 246, 1333 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States.
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14
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Ignjatovic J, Sapats S. Identification of previously unknown antigenic epitopes on the S and N proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus. Arch Virol 2005; 150:1813-31. [PMID: 15868095 PMCID: PMC7087300 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-005-0541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes mapping of antigenic and host-protective epitopes of infectious bronchitis virus proteins by assessing the ability of defined peptide regions within the S1, S2 and N proteins to elicit humoral, cell-mediated and protective immune responses. Peptides corresponding to six regions in the S1 (Sp1–Sp6), one in the S2 (Sp7) and four in the N protein (Np1–Np4) were synthesized and coupled to either diphtheria toxoid (dt) or biotin (bt). Bt-peptides were used to assess if selected regions were antigenic and contained B- or T-cell epitopes and dt-peptides if regions induced an antibody response and protection against virulent challenge. All S1 and S2 peptides were antigenic, being recognised by IBV immune sera and also induced an antibody response following inoculation into chicks. Three S1-and one S2-bt peptides also induced a delayed type hypersensitivity response indicating the presence of T-cell epitopes. The S2 peptide Sp7 (amino acid position 566–584) previously identified as an immundominant region, was the most antigenic of all peptides used in this study. Two S1 (Sp4 and Sp6) and one S2 peptide (Sp7), protected kidney tissue against virulent challenge. From four N peptides located in the amino-terminal part of the N protein, only one, Np2 (amino acid position 72–86), was antigenic and also induced a delayed type hypersensitivity response. None of the N peptides induced protection against virulent challenge. The results suggest that the S1 glycoprotein carries additional antigenic regions to those previously identified and that two regions located in the S1 and one in the S2 at amino acid positions 294–316 (Sp4), 532–537 (Sp6) and 566–584 (Sp7) may have a role in protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ignjatovic
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Vic., Australia.
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15
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Mimura K, Kono K, Miyagawa N, Omata H, Sugai H, Fujii H. [Generation of HER2 specific, HLA-A24 restricted CTLs derived from a healthy donor]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2004; 31:1795-6. [PMID: 15553718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccine therapy is one of the latest treatment modalities for advanced cancer. In this study, we have newly identified two HER2 peptide epitopes restricted by HLA-A24, which are the most common alleles in Japanese. We have generated mature DCs from PBMCs in the HLA-A24+ healthy donor. Mature DCs were co-incubated with HER2 peptide, and then autologous PBMCs were co-incubated with antigen-loaded DCs. In this way, we have generated HER2 reactive and HLA-A24-restricted CTL lines. The CTL's specificity was evaluated with ELISPOT analysis and cytotoxic assay. In the two CTL lines, the specificity of TISI loaded with HER2/neu peptide used for each CTL induction was recognized, and that specific cytotoxicity was also found against cancer cell lines expressing HLA-A24 and HER2. In conclusion, we have newly identified two HER2 peptide epitopes restricted by HLA-A24 and confirmed that these epitopes will be new targets for cancer vaccine therapy.
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16
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Sakuma H, Kohyama K, Jee Y, Matsumoto Y. Tracking of Vβ8.2-Positive Encephalitogenic T Cells by Complementarity-Determining Region 3 Spectratyping and Subsequent Southern Blot Hybridization in Lewis Rats after Neuroantigen Sensitization. J Immunol 2004; 173:4516-22. [PMID: 15383583 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.7.4516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic T cells in organ-specific autoimmune diseases use a limited number of TCR alpha- and beta-chains. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced in Lewis rats by immunization with myelin basic protein, encephalitogenic T cells mainly use Vbeta8.2 TCR and clonal expansion of the Vbeta8.2 spectratype containing the EAE-specific complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) sequence, DSSYEQYFGPG, is found in the spinal cord throughout the course of clinical EAE. In the present study we performed temporal and spatial analyses of Vbeta8.2 spectratype expansion by CDR3 spectratyping and subsequent DNA hybridization with a probe specific for the encephalitogenic CDR3 sequence to elucidate the kinetics of encephalitogenic T cells during the induction phase after neuroantigen sensitization. It was demonstrated that Vbeta8.2 spectratype expansion and/or the positive signal in Southern blot were first detected in the regional lymph nodes as early as day 3 postimmunization and was disseminated over the lymphoid organs by day 6. Because perfusion of immunized rats with PBS erased the positive signals on day 3 postimmunization, the majority of Vbeta8.2-positive encephalitogenic T cells at the very early stage would reside within the lymphatic or blood vessels. Furthermore, removal of the draining lymph node 1, 3, and 6 days after immunization in the foot pad did not ameliorate clinical EAE. These findings strongly suggest that encephalitogenic T cells disseminate throughout the whole body very rapidly after sensitization. Analysis of pathogenic T cells at the clonal level provides useful information for designing effective immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Blotting, Southern/methods
- Blotting, Western
- Buffers
- Clone Cells
- Complementarity Determining Regions/biosynthesis
- Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics
- Complementarity Determining Regions/isolation & purification
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Lymph Node Excision
- Lymph Nodes/chemistry
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myelin Basic Protein/administration & dosage
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/biosynthesis
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/isolation & purification
- Perfusion
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Precipitin Tests
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/isolation & purification
- Spinal Cord/chemistry
- Spinal Cord/immunology
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Spleen/chemistry
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Thymectomy
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakuma
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Huang J, El-Gamil M, Dudley ME, Li YF, Rosenberg SA, Robbins PF. T cells associated with tumor regression recognize frameshifted products of the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene locus and a mutated HLA class I gene product. J Immunol 2004; 172:6057-64. [PMID: 15128789 PMCID: PMC2305724 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The dramatic tumor regression observed following adoptive T cell transfer in some patients has led to attempts to identify novel Ags to understand the nature of these responses. Nearly complete regression of multiple metastatic melanoma lesions was observed in patient 1913 following adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The autologous 1913 melanoma cell line expressed a mutated HLA-A11 class I gene product that was recognized by the bulk tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as well as a dominant T cell clone derived from this line. A second dominant T cell clone, T1D1, did not recognize the mutated HLA-A11 product, but recognized an allogeneic melanoma cell line that shared expression of HLA-A11 with the parental tumor cell line. Screening of an autologous melanoma cDNA library with clone T1D1 T cells in a cell line expressing the mutated HLA-A11 gene product resulted in the isolation of a p14ARF transcript containing a 2-bp deletion in exon 2. The T cell epitope recognized by T1D1, which was encoded within the frameshifted region of the deleted p14ARF transcript, was also generated from frameshifted p14ARF or p16INK4a transcripts that were isolated from two additional melanoma cell lines. The results of monitoring studies indicated that T cell clones reactive with the mutated HLA-A11 gene product and the mutated p14ARF product were highly represented in the peripheral blood of patient 1913 1 wk following adoptive transfer, indicating that they may have played a role in the nearly complete tumor regression that was observed following this treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Clone Cells
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/immunology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Female
- Frameshift Mutation/immunology
- Genetic Markers
- HLA-A Antigens/genetics
- HLA-A Antigens/immunology
- HLA-A Antigens/metabolism
- HLA-A11 Antigen
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/transplantation
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/secondary
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Open Reading Frames/immunology
- Remission Induction
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul F. Robbins
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Paul F. Robbins, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2B42, Bethesda, MD 20892-1502. E-mail address:
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18
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Morita H, Imawari M. [HCV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte and its epitope]. Nihon Rinsho 2004; 62 Suppl 7:155-8. [PMID: 15359784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Morita
- Division of Gastroenterology, Omiya Medical Center, Jichi Medical School
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19
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Benlalam H, Linard B, Guilloux Y, Moreau-Aubry A, Derré L, Diez E, Dreno B, Jotereau F, Labarrière N. Identification of five new HLA-B*3501-restricted epitopes derived from common melanoma-associated antigens, spontaneously recognized by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. J Immunol 2004; 171:6283-9. [PMID: 14634146 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.11.6283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously described HLA-B35-restricted melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte responses to frequently expressed melanoma-associated Ags: tyrosinase, Melan-A/MART-1, gp100, MAGE-A3/MAGE-A6, and NY-ESO-1. Using clones derived from these TIL, we identified in this study the corresponding epitopes. We show that five of these epitopes are new and that melanoma cells naturally present all the six epitopes. Interestingly, five of these epitopes correspond to or encompass melanoma-associated Ag epitopes presented in other HLA contexts, such as A2, A1, B51, and Cw3. In particular, the HLA-B35-restricted Melan-A epitope is mimicked by the peptide 26-35, already known as the most immunodominant melanoma epitope in the HLA-A*0201 context. Because this peptide lacked adequate anchor amino acid residues for efficient binding to HLA-B35, modified peptides were designed. Two of these analogues were found to induce higher PBL- and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte-specific responses than the parental peptide, suggesting that they could be more immunogenic in HLA-B*3501 melanoma patients. These data have important implications for the formulation of polypeptide-based vaccines as well as for the monitoring of melanoma-specific CTL response in HLA-B*3501 melanoma patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- COS Cells
- Cell Division/immunology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Clone Cells
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- HLA-B35 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-B35 Antigen/isolation & purification
- HLA-B35 Antigen/metabolism
- Humans
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- MART-1 Antigen
- Melanoma/enzymology
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins
- Mice
- Monophenol Monooxygenase/immunology
- Monophenol Monooxygenase/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Proteins/immunology
- Proteins/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- gp100 Melanoma Antigen
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Benlalam
- Unit Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 463, Nantes, France
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20
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Wilson CC, McKinney D, Anders M, MaWhinney S, Forster J, Crimi C, Southwood S, Sette A, Chesnut R, Newman MJ, Livingston BD. Development of a DNA vaccine designed to induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to multiple conserved epitopes in HIV-1. J Immunol 2004; 171:5611-23. [PMID: 14607970 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.10.5611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epitope-based vaccines designed to induce CTL responses specific for HIV-1 are being developed as a means for addressing vaccine potency and viral heterogeneity. We identified a set of 21 HLA-A2, HLA-A3, and HLA-B7 restricted supertype epitopes from conserved regions of HIV-1 to develop such a vaccine. Based on peptide-binding studies and phenotypic frequencies of HLA-A2, HLA-A3, and HLA-B7 allelic variants, these epitopes are predicted to be immunogenic in greater than 85% of individuals. Immunological recognition of all but one of the vaccine candidate epitopes was demonstrated by IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays in PBMC from HIV-1-infected subjects. The HLA supertypes of the subjects was a very strong predictor of epitope-specific responses, but some subjects responded to epitopes outside of the predicted HLA type. A DNA plasmid vaccine, EP HIV-1090, was designed to express the 21 CTL epitopes as a single Ag and tested for immunogenicity using HLA transgenic mice. Immunization of HLA transgenic mice with this vaccine was sufficient to induce CTL responses to multiple HIV-1 epitopes, comparable in magnitude to those induced by immunization with peptides. The CTL induced by the vaccine recognized target cells pulsed with peptide or cells transfected with HIV-1 env or gag genes. There was no indication of immunodominance, as the vaccine induced CTL responses specific for multiple epitopes in individual mice. These data indicate that the EP HIV-1090 DNA vaccine may be suitable for inducing relevant HIV-1-specific CTL responses in humans.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage
- AIDS Vaccines/chemical synthesis
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Adult
- Amino Acid Motifs/immunology
- Animals
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Conserved Sequence/immunology
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic/methods
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV-1/immunology
- HIV-1/isolation & purification
- HLA-A2 Antigen/genetics
- HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-A3 Antigen/genetics
- HLA-A3 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-B7 Antigen/genetics
- HLA-B7 Antigen/immunology
- Histocompatibility Testing
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Superantigens/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/chemical synthesis
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara C Wilson
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA
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21
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Abstract
The heat shock proteins (hsp) of bacterial species are considered to be involved in regulating the autoimmune mechanism in human diseases due to the considerable homology of their sequences with human hsp. To elucidate how stress proteins contribute to the immunopathogenesis of periodontitis, mononuclear cells from gingival connective tissue of 10 periodontitis patients were simulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis hsp60. T-cell lines reactive to P. gingivalis hsp60 were established from each patient to define T-cell epitope specificities. Anti-P. gingivalis IgG antibody titres were elevated in all patients. We could establish P. gingivalis hsp-reactive T-cell lines from gingival mononuclear cells that were mixtures of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Of 108 overlapping synthetic peptides spanning the whole P. gingivalis hsp60 molecule, 10 peptides with epitope specificities for T-cells were identified, and were identical to those reported be B-cell epitopes in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-I Choi
- Department of Periodontology and Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, Pusan, Korea.
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22
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Quintana FJ, Carmi P, Mor F, Cohen IR. DNA fragments of the human 60-kDa heat shock protein (HSP60) vaccinate against adjuvant arthritis: identification of a regulatory HSP60 peptide. J Immunol 2004; 171:3533-41. [PMID: 14500649 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.7.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant arthritis (AA) is induced by immunizing Lewis rats with Mycobacterium tuberculosis suspended in adjuvant. The mycobacterial 65-kDa heat shock protein (HSP65) contains at least one epitope associated with the pathogenesis of AA: T cell clones that recognize an epitope formed by aa 180-188 of HSP65 react with self-cartilage and can adoptively transfer AA. Nevertheless, vaccination with HSP65 or some of its T cell epitopes can prevent AA by a mechanism that seems to involve cross-reactivity with the self-60-kDa HSP60. We recently demonstrated that DNA vaccination with the human hsp60 gene can inhibit AA. In the present work, we searched for regulatory epitopes using DNA vaccination with HSP60 gene fragments. We now report that specific HSP60 DNA fragments can serve as effective vaccines. Using overlapping HSP60 peptides, we identified a regulatory peptide (Hu3) that was specifically recognized by the T cells of DNA-vaccinated rats. Vaccination with Hu3, or transfer of splenocytes from Hu3-vaccinated rats, inhibited the development of AA. Vaccination with the mycobacterial homologue of Hu3 had no effect. Effective DNA or peptide vaccination was associated with enhanced T cell proliferation to a variety of disease-associated Ags, along with a Th2/3-like shift (down-regulation of IFN-gamma secretion and enhanced secretion of IL-10 and/or tumor growth factor beta1) in response to peptide Mt176-190 (the 180-188 epitope of HSP65). The regulatory response to HSP60 or its Hu3 epitope included both Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2/3 (IL-10/tumor growth factor beta1) secretors. These results show that regulatory mechanisms can be activated by immunization with relevant self-HSP60 epitopes.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adoptive Transfer
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- Chaperonin 60/administration & dosage
- Chaperonin 60/genetics
- Chaperonin 60/immunology
- Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/administration & dosage
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Female
- Humans
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/isolation & purification
- Plasmids
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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23
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Uenaka A, Hirano Y, Hata H, Win S, Aji T, Tanaka M, Ono T, Skipper JCA, Shimizu K, Nakayama E. Cryptic CTL epitope on a murine sarcoma Meth A generated by exon extension as a novel mechanism. J Immunol 2003; 170:4862-8. [PMID: 12707369 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.9.4862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Using the recently developed ELISPOT cloning methodology, we obtained cDNA clone S35 coding for the Ag epitope recognized by a murine sarcoma Meth A-specific CTL clone AT-1. Analysis of truncated S35 constructs and overlapping peptides revealed that the peptide epitope was LGAEAIFRL. AT-1 CTL lysed peptide-pulsed CMS8 cells at a nanomolar concentration, and the peptide strongly stimulated IFN-gamma production in AT-1 CTL. Sequence homology indicated that the S35 was derived from a mouse homologue of human retinoic acid-regulated nuclear matrix-associated protein (ramp). The ramp gene consisted of 15 exons. The majority of the ramp mRNA was the transcript normally spliced between exons 14 and 15, but a minor population of mRNA with an extended exon 14 was also present in Meth A cells. The epitope was derived from the newly created open reading frame, which resulted from extension of exon 14 after splicing of the adjacent intronic sequence.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/isolation & purification
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Clone Cells
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/isolation & purification
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Exons/genetics
- Exons/immunology
- Gene Library
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/analysis
- Methylcholanthrene
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Sarcoma, Experimental/chemically induced
- Sarcoma, Experimental/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transcription Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Uenaka
- Department of Immunology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
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24
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Abstract
The epitopes recognized by pathogenic T cells in systemic autoimmune disease remain poorly defined. Certain MHC class II-bound self peptides from autoimmune MRL/lpr mice are not found in eluates from class II molecules of MHC-identical C3H mice. Eleven of 16 such peptides elicited lymph node cell and spleen cell T cell proliferation in both MRL/lpr (stimulation index = 2.03-5.01) and C3H mice (stimulation index = 2.03-3.75). IL-2 and IFN-gamma production were detected, but not IL-4. In contrast to what was seen after immunization, four self peptides induced spleen cell proliferation of T cells from naive MRL/lpr, but not from C3H and C57BL/6.H2(k), mice. These peptides were derived from RNA splicing factor SRp20, histone H2A, beta(2)-microglobulin, and MHC class II I-A(k)beta. The first three peptides were isolated from I-E(k) molecules and the last peptide was bound to I-A(k). T cell responses, evident as early as 1 mo of age, depended on MHC class II binding motifs and were inhibited by anti-MHC class II Abs. Thus, although immunization can evoke peripheral self-reactive T cells in normal mice, the presence in MRL/lpr mice of spontaneous T cells reactive to certain MHC-bound self peptides suggests that these T cells actively participate in systemic autoimmunity. Peptides eluted from self MHC class II molecules may yield important clues to T cell epitopes in systemic autoimmunity.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Autoantigens/isolation & purification
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Binding, Competitive/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Susceptibility/immunology
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/isolation & purification
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Histones/administration & dosage
- Histones/immunology
- Histones/isolation & purification
- Immunization
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred MRL lpr
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/isolation & purification
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Ribosomal Proteins/administration & dosage
- Ribosomal Proteins/immunology
- Ribosomal Proteins/isolation & purification
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- beta 2-Microglobulin/administration & dosage
- beta 2-Microglobulin/immunology
- beta 2-Microglobulin/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hee Suh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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25
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Mommaas B, Kamp J, Drijfhout JW, Beekman N, Ossendorp F, Van Veelen P, Den Haan J, Goulmy E, Mutis T. Identification of a novel HLA-B60-restricted T cell epitope of the minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 locus. J Immunol 2002; 169:3131-6. [PMID: 12218130 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.6.3131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The polymorphic minor histocompatibility Ag HA-1 locus encodes two peptides, HA-1(H) and HA-1(R), with a single amino acid difference. Whereas the immunogenicity of the HA-1(R) allele has not yet been shown, the nonameric HA-1(H) peptide induces HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxic T cells in vivo and in vitro. It is not known whether the mHag HA-1(H) or HA-1(R) associates with other HLA class I molecules. Therefore, the polymorphic regions of both HA-1 alleles were analyzed to identify HLA class I binding peptides that are properly processed by proteasomal degradation. Peptide binding analyses were performed for all nonameric HA-1(H/R) peptides for binding to nine HLA class I molecules with >10% prevalence in the Caucasian population and for seven nonameric/decameric HA-1(H/R) peptides predicted to bind to HLA-A3, -B14, and -B60. Only the nonameric KECVL(H)/(R)DDL and decameric KECVL(H)/(R)DDLL peptides showed strong and stable binding to HLA-B60. In vitro digestion of 29-aa-long HA-1 peptides by purified 20S proteasomes revealed proper cleavage at the COOH termini of both HLA-B60 binding HA-1(H) and HA-1(R) peptides. In subsequent analyses, dendritic cells pulsed with the nonameric HA-1(R) peptide did not induce CTLs that recognize the natural HLA-B60/HA-1(R) ligand. In contrast, dendritic cells pulsed with the nonameric HA-1(H) peptide induced IFN-gamma-secreting T cells specific for the natural HLA-B60/HA-1(H) ligand in three HLA-B60(+) HA-1(RR) individuals, demonstrating the immunogenicity of the HLA-B60/HA-1(H) ligand. In conclusion, this study shows a novel HLA-B60-restricted T cell epitope of the minor histocompatibility Ag HA-1 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bregje Mommaas
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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26
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Abstract
Characterization of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I restricted epitopes derived from viral pathogens is imperative for formulating therapeutic interventions, as well as for vaccine design and monitoring. Sensitive, easy and cost-effective assays that measure the frequency of antigen-specific T lymphocytes are crucial for evaluating and improving vaccines and therapies. This paper reviews the ELISPOT technique that allows for quantifying HIV-specific T lymphocytes at the single cell level from peripheral blood by detection of antigen-induced cytokine secretion. The assay can be used successfully to quantify T cell immune responses in humans infected with different pathogens and to assess T cell immunogenicity of vaccines in phase I/II and III clinical trials. This review focuses on the ELISPOT methodology and discusses how it can be standardized and potentially used by multiple international laboratories attached to clinical trial sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumelo Mashishi
- AIDS Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
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27
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Abstract
Bioinformatics-driven T-cell epitope-identification methods can enhance vaccine target selection significantly. We evaluated three unrelated computational methods to screen Pol, Gag and Env sequences extracted from the Los Alamos HIV database for HLA-A*0201 and HLA-B*3501 T-cell epitope candidates. The hidden Markov model predicted 389 HLA-B*3501-restricted candidates from 374 HIV-1 and 97 HIV-2 sequences. The artificial neural network (ANN) model, and Bioinformatics and Molecular Analysis Section (BIMAS) quantitative matrix predictions for A*0201 yielded 1122 HIV-1 and 548 HIV-2 candidates. The overall sequence coverage of the predicted A*0201 T-cell epitopes was 2.7% (HIV-1)and 3.0% (HIV-2). HLA-B*3501-predicted epitopes covered 0.9% (HIV-1) and 1.4% (HIV-2) of the total sequence. Comparison of 890 ANN- and 397 BIMAS-derived HIV-1 A*0201- restricted epitope candidates showed that only 13-19% of the predicted and 26% of the experimentally confirmed T-cell epitopes were captured by both methods. Extrapolating these results, we estimated that at least 247 predicted HIV-1 epitopes are yet to be discovered as active A*0201-restricted T-cell epitopes. Adequate comparison and combined usage of various predictive bioinformatics methods, rather than uncritical use of any single prediction method, will enable cost-effective and efficient T-cell epitope screening.
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28
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Swoboda I, De Weerd N, Bhalla PL, Niederberger V, Sperr WR, Valent P, Kahlert H, Fiebig H, Verdino P, Keller W, Ebner C, Spitzauer S, Valenta R, Singh MB. Mutants of the major ryegrass pollen allergen, Lol p 5, with reduced IgE-binding capacity: candidates for grass pollen-specific immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol 2002; 32:270-80. [PMID: 11782018 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200201)32:1<270::aid-immu270>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
More than 400 million individuals are sensitized to grass pollen allergens. Group 5 allergens represent the most potent grass pollen allergens recognized by more than 80 % of grass pollen allergic patients. The aim of our study was to reduce the allergenic activity of group 5 allergens for specific immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy. Based on B- and T-cell epitope mapping studies and on sequence comparison of group 5 allergens from different grasses, point mutations were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis in highly conserved sequence domains of Lol p 5, the group 5 allergen from ryegrass. We obtained Lol p 5 mutants with low IgE-binding capacity and reduced allergenic activity as determined by basophil histamine release and by skin prick testing in allergic patients. Circular dichroism analysis showed that these mutants exhibited an overall structural fold similar to the recombinant Lol p 5 wild-type allergen. In addition, Lol p 5 mutants retained the ability to induce proliferation of group 5 allergen-specific T cell lines and clones. Our results demonstrate that a few point mutations in the Lol p 5 sequence yield mutants with reduced allergenic activity that represent potential vaccine candidates for immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens/genetics
- Allergens/immunology
- Allergens/isolation & purification
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acids
- Antigens, Plant
- Basophils/immunology
- Binding Sites
- Cell Division
- Clone Cells
- Conserved Sequence
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Histamine Release
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity/prevention & control
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Immunotherapy, Active
- Lolium/immunology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/immunology
- Plant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Pollen/immunology
- Protein Folding
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Recombination, Genetic
- Skin/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Swoboda
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Land and Food Resources, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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29
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Kawakami Y, Wang X, Shofuda T, Sumimoto H, Tupesis J, Fitzgerald E, Rosenberg S. Isolation of a new melanoma antigen, MART-2, containing a mutated epitope recognized by autologous tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. J Immunol 2001; 166:2871-7. [PMID: 11160356 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using cDNA expression cloning, a cDNA encoding a novel human melanoma Ag, MART-2 (melanoma Ag recognized by T cells-2), recognized by HLA-A1-restricted CD8(+) T cells from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL1362) was isolated from an autologous melanoma cell line, 1362 mel. Homologous sequences to the cDNA had been registered in the EST database. This gene encoded an uncharacterized protein expressed ubiquitously in most normal and cancer cells. A mutation (A to G transition) was found in the cDNA obtained from the1362 mel melanoma cell line in the sequences encoding the phosphate binding loop (P-loop) that resulted in loss of the ability to bind GTP. Transfection of NIH-3T3 with the mutated MART-2 did not result in the development of significant foci. By screening 36 various cancer cell lines using single-strand conformation polymorphism, a possible mutation in the P-loop of MART-2 was found in one squamous cell lung cancer cell line, EBC1. The T cell epitope for TIL1362, FLEGNEVGKTY, was identified to be encoded by the mutated sequence of the MART-2 Ag. The mutation substituted glycine in the normal peptide with glutamic acid at the third amino acid of the epitope, which is an important primary anchor amino acid for HLA-A1 peptide binding. The normal peptide, FLGGNEVGKTY, was not recognized by TIL1362, suggesting that this T cell response was specific for the autologous tumor. Although transforming activity was not detected in the NIH-3T3 assay, MART-2 with the mutation in the P-loop may be involved in the generation of melanoma through a loss of GTP binding activity.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- Base Sequence
- COS Cells
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/genetics
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism
- HLA-A1 Antigen/metabolism
- Humans
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/immunology
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Proteins
- Protein Structure, Secondary/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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30
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Brown WC, McGuire TC, Zhu D, Lewin HA, Sosnow J, Palmer GH. Highly conserved regions of the immunodominant major surface protein 2 of the genogroup II ehrlichial pathogen Anaplasma marginale are rich in naturally derived CD4+ T lymphocyte epitopes that elicit strong recall responses. J Immunol 2001; 166:1114-24. [PMID: 11145692 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.2.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Genogroup II ehrlichia, including the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Ehrlichia phagocytophila, and the bovine pathogen Anaplasma marginale, express a markedly immunodominant outer membrane protein designated major surface protein 2 (MSP2). MSP2 is encoded by a multigene family, resulting in the expression of variant B cell epitopes. MSP2 variants are sequentially expressed in the repeated cycles of rickettsemia that characterize persistent A. marginale infection and control of each rickettsemic cycle is associated with development of a variant-specific IgG response. Importantly, these persistent rickettsemic cycles are controlled at levels 100-1000 times lower than those responsible for clinical disease during acute infection. Control of rickettsemia during persistence could result from an anamnestic Th lymphocyte response to conserved regions of MSP2 that enhances the primary Ab response against newly emergent variants. Comparison of MSP2 variants reveals conserved N and C termini flanking the central, surface-exposed hypervariable region that represents the variant B lymphocyte epitopes. We demonstrate MSP2-specific CD4(+) T lymphocyte recognition of epitopes common to several strains of A. marginale and the related pathogen A. ovis. Furthermore, T lymphocyte lines from three individuals identified six to nine overlapping peptides representing a minimum of four to seven dominant or subdominant epitopes in these conserved N and C termini. Immunodominant peptides induced high levels of IFN-gamma, a cytokine associated with protection against ehrlichia and needed for rapid generation of variant-specific IgG2. The presented data support the potential importance of a strong Th lymphocyte response to invariant MSP2 epitopes in controlling rickettsemia during persistent infection to subclinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Brown
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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31
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Geluk A, van Meijgaarden KE, Franken KL, Drijfhout JW, D'Souza S, Necker A, Huygen K, Ottenhoff TH. Identification of major epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AG85B that are recognized by HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8+ T cells in HLA-transgenic mice and humans. J Immunol 2000; 165:6463-71. [PMID: 11086086 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.11.6463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells are thought to play an important role in protective immunity to tuberculosis. Although several nonprotein ligands have been identified for CD1-restricted CD8(+) CTLs, epitopes for classical MHC class I-restricted CD8(+) T cells, which most likely represent a majority among CD8(+) T cells, have remained ill defined. HLA-A*0201 is one of the most prevalent class I alleles, with a frequency of over 30% in most populations. HLA-A2/K(b) transgenic mice were shown to provide a powerful model for studying induction of HLA-A*0201-restricted immune responses in vivo. The Ag85 complex, a major component of secreted Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins, induces strong CD4(+) T cell responses in M. tuberculosis-infected individuals, and protection against tuberculosis in Ag85-DNA-immunized animals. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of HLA class I-restricted, CD8(+) T cells against Ag85B of M. tuberculosis in HLA-A2/K(b) transgenic mice and HLA-A*0201(+) humans. Moreover, two immunodominant Ag85 peptide epitopes for HLA-A*0201-restricted, M. tuberculosis-reactive CD8(+) CTLs were identified. These CD8(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and recognized Ag-pulsed or bacillus Calmette-Guérin-infected, HLA-A*0201-positive, but not HLA-A*0201-negative or uninfected human macrophages. This CTL-mediated killing was blocked by anti-CD8 or anti-HLA class I mAb. Using fluorescent peptide/HLA-A*0201 tetramers, Ag85-specific CD8(+) T cells could be visualized in bacillus Calmette-Guérin-responsive, HLA-A*0201(+) individuals. Collectively, our results demonstrate the presence of HLA class I-restricted CD8(+) CTL against a major Ag of M. tuberculosis and identify Ag85B epitopes that are strongly recognized by HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8(+) T cells in humans and mice. These epitopes thus represent potential subunit components for the design of vaccines against tuberculosis.
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MESH Headings
- Acyltransferases
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- DNA, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- DNA, Bacterial/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- H-2 Antigens/genetics
- H-2 Antigens/metabolism
- HLA-A2 Antigen/administration & dosage
- HLA-A2 Antigen/genetics
- HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-A2 Antigen/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics
- Immunodominant Epitopes/isolation & purification
- Immunodominant Epitopes/metabolism
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Mapping
- Plasmids/administration & dosage
- Plasmids/chemical synthesis
- Plasmids/immunology
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Binding/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Geluk
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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32
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Tissot AC, Ciatto C, Mittl PR, Grütter MG, Plückthun A. Viral escape at the molecular level explained by quantitative T-cell receptor/peptide/MHC interactions and the crystal structure of a peptide/MHC complex. J Mol Biol 2000; 302:873-85. [PMID: 10993729 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Viral escape, first characterized for the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in a mouse transgenic for the P14 T cell-receptor (TCR), can be due to mutations in T-cell epitopes. We have measured the affinity between the H-2D(b) containing the wild-type and two of its "viral escape" epitopes, as well as other altered peptide ligands (APL), by using BIACORE analysis, and solved the crystal structure of H-2D(b) in complex with the wild-type peptide at 2.75 A resolution. We show that viral escape is due to a 50 to 100-fold reduction in the level of affinity between the P14 TCR and the binary complexes of the MHC molecule with the different peptides. Structurally, one of the mutations alters a TCR contact residue, while the effect of the other on the binding of the TCR must be indirect through structural rearrangements. The former is a null ligand, while the latter still leads to some central tolerance. This work defines the structural and energetic threshold for viral escape.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/isolation & purification
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Glycoproteins/chemistry
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Glycoproteins/isolation & purification
- H-2 Antigens/chemistry
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- H-2 Antigens/isolation & purification
- Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Ligands
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/genetics
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/isolation & purification
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/isolation & purification
- Solvents
- Surface Plasmon Resonance
- Thermodynamics
- Viral Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Tissot
- Biochemisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, CH-8057, Switzerland
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33
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Decker P, Le Moal A, Briand JP, Muller S. Identification of a minimal T cell epitope recognized by antinucleosome Th cells in the C-terminal region of histone H4. J Immunol 2000; 165:654-62. [PMID: 10878337 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.2.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Autoreactive T cells responding to systemic autoantigens have been characterized in patients and mice with autoimmune diseases and in healthy individuals. Using peptides covering the whole sequence of histone H4, we characterized several epitopes recognized by lymph node Th cells from nonsystemic lupus erythematosus-prone mice immunized with the same peptides, the H4 protein, or nucleosomes. Multiple T epitopes were identified after immunizing H-2d BALB/c mice with H4 peptides. They spanned residues 28-42, 30-47, 66-83, 72-89, and 85-102. Within the region 85-102, a minimal CD4+ T epitope containing residues 88-99 was characterized. Although Abs to peptide 88-99 recognized H4, this peptide does not contain a dominant B cell epitope recognized by anti-H4 Abs raised in BALB/c mice or Abs from NZB/NZW H-2d/z lupus mice. Th cells primed in vivo with H4 responded to H4, but not to peptide 88-99. However, this peptide was able to stimulate the proliferation and IL-2 secretion of Th cells generated after immunization with nucleosomes. H488-99 thus represents a cryptic epitope with regard to H4 and a supradominant epitope presented by nucleosome, a supramolecular complex that plays a key role in lupus. This study shows that in the normal repertoire of naive BALB/c mice, autoreactive Th cells specific for histones are not deleted. The reactivity of these Th cells seems to be relatively restricted and resembles that of Th clones generated from SNF1 ((SWR x NZB)F1; I-Ad/q) lupus mice described earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Decker
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
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34
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van Hall T, van Bergen J, van Veelen PA, Kraakman M, Heukamp LC, Koning F, Melief CJ, Ossendorp F, Offringa R. Identification of a novel tumor-specific CTL epitope presented by RMA, EL-4, and MBL-2 lymphomas reveals their common origin. J Immunol 2000; 165:869-77. [PMID: 10878361 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.2.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
C57BL/6 mice generate a vigorous H-2Db-restricted CTL response against murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-induced tumors. For many years it has been suggested that this response is directed to an MuLV-encoded peptide as well as to a nonviral tumor-associated peptide. Recently, a peptide from the leader sequence of gag was demonstrated to be the MuLV-derived epitope. Here we describe the molecular identification of the tumor-associated epitope. Furthermore, we show that the CTL response against this epitope can restrict the outgrowth of MuLV-induced tumors in vivo. The epitope is selectively presented by the MuLV-induced T cell tumors RBL-5, RMA, and MBL-2 as well as by the chemically induced T cell lymphoma EL-4. Intriguingly, these tumors share expression of the newly identified epitope because they represent variants of the same clonal tumor cell line, as evident from sequencing of the TCR alpha- and beta-chains, which proved to be identical. Our research shows that all sources of RBL-5, RMA, RMA-S, MBL-2, and EL-4 tumors are derived from a single tumor line, most likely EL-4.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Binding Sites/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/administration & dosage
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Friend murine leukemia virus
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta
- Leukemia, Experimental/immunology
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Moloney murine leukemia virus
- Oligopeptides/administration & dosage
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/immunology
- Oligopeptides/metabolism
- Rauscher Virus
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- Thymoma/immunology
- Thymoma/metabolism
- Thymoma/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/transplantation
- Tumor Virus Infections/immunology
- Tumor Virus Infections/metabolism
- Tumor Virus Infections/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- T van Hall
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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35
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Mayrand SM, Healy PA, Torbett BE, Green WR. Anti-Gag cytolytic T lymphocytes specific for an alternative translational reading frame-derived epitope and resistance versus susceptibility to retrovirus-induced murine AIDS in F(1) mice. Virology 2000; 272:438-49. [PMID: 10873788 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2000.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Murine AIDS (MAIDS) develops in susceptible mouse strains after infection with the LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus complex that contains causative defective, and ecotropic helper, retroviruses. We previously demonstrated that the MAIDS-resistant H-2(d) strains BALB/cByJ and C57BL/KsJ generate MHC class I (K(d)) restricted virus-specific CD8(+) cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that lyse cells expressing either defective or ecotropic gag proteins. In contrast, the congenic BALB.B and closely related C57BL/6J MAIDS-susceptible H-2(b) strains were unable to serve as a source of gag-specific CTLs (Schwarz and Green, 1994), suggesting that anti-gag CTLs might provide a basis for resistance to MAIDS. Although its susceptibility to MAIDS was unknown, the (BALB/c x C57BL/6J) F(1) (CBY6F(1)) strain could also produce H-2(d)-, but not H-2(b)-, restricted, anti-gag CTLs (Schwarz and Green, 1994). Because of this correlation between anti-gag CTLs and resistance to MAIDS, it was important to provide more direct evidence in support of CTL-mediated protection and to determine both the fine specificity of CByB6F(1) anti-gag CTLs, in comparison with the resistant C57BL/Ks and BALB/c strains, and the susceptibility of this F(1) strain to LP-BM5-induced MAIDS. We report here that no symptoms of MAIDS were observed in CBY6F(1) (H-2(dxb)) mice. For F(2) mice, in contrast to the high susceptibility of H-2(b/b) mice, 77% of H-2(d/d) and 81% of H-2(b/d) F(2) mice did not exhibit MAIDS after LP-BM5 infection. These results are in contrast to other published studies that concluded that susceptibility, rather than resistance, is dominant in F(1) (resistant x susceptible or susceptible x resistant) mice. We also show that CBY6F(1) anti-gag CTLs exhibit a fine specificity shared by the MAIDS-resistant BALB/c and C57BL/Ks strains, that is, the immunodominant gag epitope, SYNTGRFPPL, encoded by an alternative open reading frame. Together with our direct demonstration here that in vivo monoclonal antibody (mAb) depletion of CD8(+) T cells converts genetically resistant mice to MAIDS susceptibility, these data on the ability to mount anti-ORF2/SYNTGRFPPL, gag-specific CTL responses strongly suggest that CTLs are a primary factor in determining MAIDS resistance. Accordingly, given the K(d)-restricted nature of the CTLs, the main genetic determinant of resistance appeared to be the codominant expression of the resistant H-2(d) haplotype. Interestingly, however, 19% of H-2(d/b) and 23% of the H-2(d/d) F(2) mice had at least one clinical aspect of MAIDS, suggesting that a non-MHC genetic determinant(s) can negatively influence T-cell protection and thus disease outcome
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Crosses, Genetic
- Disease Susceptibility
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunodominant Epitopes/metabolism
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/immunology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics
- Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology
- Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Mayrand
- Department of Microbiology, Dartmouth Medical School, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03756, USA
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36
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Crotzer VL, Christian RE, Brooks JM, Shabanowitz J, Settlage RE, Marto JA, White FM, Rickinson AB, Hunt DF, Engelhard VH. Immunodominance among EBV-derived epitopes restricted by HLA-B27 does not correlate with epitope abundance in EBV-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines. J Immunol 2000; 164:6120-9. [PMID: 10843661 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.12.6120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Using synthetic peptides, the HLA-B27-restricted CTL response to EBV in asymptomatic virus carriers has been mapped to four epitope regions in EBV latent cycle Ags. One of these peptide-defined epitopes (RRIYDLIEL) tends to be immunodominant and is recognized in the context of all three B27 subtypes studied, B*2702, B*2704, and B*2705. The other peptide-defined epitopes induce responses only in the context of one subtype, the immunogenic combinations being RRARSLSAERY/B*2702, RRRWRRLTV/B*2704, and FRKAQIQGL/B*2705. We used immunoaffinity chromatography to isolate the naturally presented viral peptides associated with these MHC class I molecules on the surface of EBV-transformed B-LCL. Using CTL reconstitution assays in conjunction with mass spectrometry, we established that the naturally processed and presented peptides are identical with the previously identified synthetic sequences. Despite the subtype-specific immunogenicity of three of the four epitopes, all four epitope peptides were found in association with each of the three different HLA-B27 subtypes. Indeed, those peptides that failed to induce a response in the context of a particular HLA-B27 subtype were frequently presented at greater abundance by that subtype than were the immunogenic peptides. Furthermore, among the peptides that did induce a response, immunodominance did not correlate with epitope abundance; in fact the immunodominant RRIYDLIEL epitope was least abundant, being present at less than one copy per cell. The relationship of this unexpected finding to the persistence of EBV is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Crotzer
- Department of Microbiology and the Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA
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37
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Freed JH, Marrs A, VanderWall J, Cohen PL, Eisenberg RA. MHC class II-bound self peptides from autoimmune MRL/lpr mice reveal potential T cell epitopes for autoantibody production in murine systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 2000; 164:4697-705. [PMID: 10779775 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.9.4697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome in MRL/lpr mice involves high-titered IgG autoantibodies, particularly antinuclear Abs that target histones, DNA, and RNA particles. Although T cell help is required for the generation of antinuclear Abs, the epitopes recognized by such helper T cells are unknown. To address this question, we isolated and sequenced self peptides bound by MHC class II molecules from MRL/lpr mice. We identified a number of peptides that are not seen in similar preparations from nonautoimmune C3H animals. The "abnormal" peptide donors include histone, a protein component of a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, ribosomal proteins, and RNA processing enzymes. We postulate that the peptides from these donors are T cell epitopes required for the generation of the most frequent antinuclear Abs specificities seen in MRL/lpr mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Freed
- Division of Basic Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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38
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Ito H, Matsushita S, Tokano Y, Nishimura H, Tanaka Y, Fujisao S, Mitsuya H, Hashimoto H, Nishimura Y. Analysis of T cell responses to the beta 2-glycoprotein I-derived peptide library in patients with anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I antibody-associated autoimmunity. Hum Immunol 2000; 61:366-77. [PMID: 10715514 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(99)00184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease that accompanies anti-phospholipid antibodies measured as either anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL) or lupus anticoagulant. beta(2)-glycoprotein I (beta(2)GPI) is the most common and apparently the best-characterized antigenic target for aCL. To investigate T-cell responses to beta(2)GPI, we stimulated PBMC of 18 APS or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients carrying anti-beta(2)GPI and 10 healthy controls, using a peptide library covering the beta(2)GPI sequence. We established seven CD4(+) T cell lines reactive with beta(2)GPI peptide. Three of four epitopes for patient-derived T cell lines were p244-264, whereas one T cell line from a control subject also recognized p244-264. Furthermore, there was no tendency for particular HLA class II molecules to present beta(2)GPI peptides. However, cytokine producing patterns were significantly different between T cell lines from patients and those from healthy individuals (p =.028); patients' T cells tend to exhibit higher IL-4 and lower IFN-gamma responses. These T cell lines did not react to beta(2)GPI purified from human plasma. These results indicate that beta(2)GPI-reactive CD4(+) T cells of APS/SLE patients mainly recognize cryptic p244-264 in the context of various HLA class II molecules, and exhibit Th0-Th2-type responses. Our findings may provide a clue to the pathogenesis of APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ito
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Neuroscience and Immunology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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39
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Kopp MV, Pichler J, Halmerbauer G, Kuehr J, Frischer T, Urbanek R, Szépfalusi Z. Culture conditions for the detection of allergen-specific T-cell reactivity in cord blood: influence of cell number. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2000; 11:4-11. [PMID: 10768730 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3038.2000.00053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Raised T-cell proliferation of cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) in response to various ingestant and inhalant allergens has been reported in newborns, suggesting a prenatal allergen contact. In general, for in vitro proliferation assays a concentration of 50 x 10(3) or 100 x 10(3) cells/well are used. The aim of this study was to analyze whether cell concentration influences T-cell reactivity in cord blood cells and to study differences of T-cell reactivity triggered by inhalant and ingestant allergens. CBMC from 51 neonates (34 females: 22 with and 29 without a family history of allergy, i.e. FH+ or FH-) were incubated with interleukin-2 (IL-2), beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG), ovalbumin (OVA), house dust mite allergen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 1), and timothy grass allergen Phleum pratense (Ph1 p 1) for 7 days. The cell concentration ranged from 6.25 x 10(3) to 100 x 10(3) cells/well. Proliferation was assessed by incorporation of [3H]-thymidine and was expressed as counts per minute (c.p.m.). In unstimulated cells, a decreasing cell concentration paralleled a steep drop of background activity. In response to IL-2, a decreasing cell concentration led to a slow decrease of c.p.m. The corresponding mean stimulation indices (SI) were 9, 32, 77, 47, and 21 for 100 x 10(3), 50 x 10(3), 25 x 10(3), 12.5 x 10(3), and 6.25 x 10(3) cells/well, respectively. In addition, the highest number of positive proliferative responses to specific allergens were obscured at lower cell concentrations. For beta-LG, the maximal number of positive responses were obtained between 25 x 10(3) (n = 44) and 12.5 x 10(3) (n = 46) cells/well, for OVA at 25 x 10(3) (n = 3) cells/well, for Der p 1 at 50 x 10(3) (n = 5) cells/well, and for Ph1 p 1 between 25 x 10(3) and 12.5 x 10(3) (n = 5) cells/well. Positive proliferation in at least one of the tested assays was observed in 100% of samples in response to beta-LG, in 22% in response to Ph1 p 1, and in 14% in response to OVA and Der p 1. T-cell reactivity did not differ between samples of newborns with or without a family history of atopy. Therefore, sensitivity of T-cell proliferation measurement is highly influenced by background proliferation of unstimulated cells. Hence, proliferation assays with lower cell numbers unmask T-cell reactivity in response to ingestant and inhalant allergens. We suggest the use of concentrations of 12.5 x 10(3)-50 x 10(3) cells/well in proliferation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Kopp
- University Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
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40
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Holz A, Bielekova B, Martin R, Oldstone MB. Myelin-associated oligodendrocytic basic protein: identification of an encephalitogenic epitope and association with multiple sclerosis. J Immunol 2000; 164:1103-9. [PMID: 10623862 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.2.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Myelin-associated oligodendrocytic basic protein (MOBP) is an abundant myelin constituent expressed exclusively by oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells of the CNS. We report that MOBP causes experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and is associated with multiple sclerosis. First, we note that purified recombinant MOBP inoculated into SJL/J mice produces CNS disease. Tests of overlapping peptides spanning the murine MOBP molecule map the encephalitogenic site to amino acids 37-60. MOBP-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis shows a severe clinical course and is characterized by a prominent CD4+ T lymphocyte infiltration and a lesser presence of CD8+ T cells and microglia/macrophages around vessels and in the white matter of the CNS. Second, PBL obtained from patients with relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis mount a proliferative response to human MOBP, especially at amino acids 21-39. This response equals or exceeds the response to myelin basic protein and an influenza virus hemagglutinin peptide, both serving as internal controls. Thus, a novel myelin Ag, MOBP aa 37-60, plays a role in rodent autoimmune CNS disease, and its human MOBP counterpart is associated with the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
- Myelin Proteins
- Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/chemistry
- Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/genetics
- Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/immunology
- Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/physiology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Rats
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Holz
- Viral-Immunobiology Laboratory, Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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41
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Kaur A, Yang J, Hempel D, Gritz L, Mazzara GP, McClure H, Johnson RP. Identification of multiple simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CTL epitopes in sooty mangabeys with natural and experimentally acquired SIV infection. J Immunol 2000; 164:934-43. [PMID: 10623842 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.2.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Host immune responses to SIV infection in sooty mangabeys are likely to be an important determinant of how such nonhuman primate species maintain asymptomatic lentivirus infection. We have previously described two patterns of asymptomatic SIV infection in sooty mangabeys: low viral loads with vigorous SIV-specific CTL activity in SIVmac239-infected sooty mangabeys, and high viral loads with generally weak or absent SIV-specific CTL activity in naturally infected sooty mangabeys. To define the specificity of the CTL response in SIV-infected mangabeys, we characterized CTL epitopes in two naturally infected and three SIVmac239-infected sooty mangabeys. Compared with that in SIVmac239-infected mangabeys, the yield of SIV-specific CTL clones was significantly lower in naturally infected sooty mangabeys. All CTL clones were phenotypically CD3+ CD8+, and lysis was MHC restricted. Seven SIV CTL epitopes were identified in five sooty mangabeys: one in Gag and three each in Nef and Envelope (Env). The CTL epitopes mapped to conserved regions in the SIV genome and were immunodominant. Several similar or identical CTL epitopes were recognized by both naturally infected and SIVmac239-infected mangabeys that shared class I MHC alleles. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SIV-specific CTL epitopes in sooty mangabeys. Longitudinal studies of viral load and sequence variation in CTL epitopes may provide useful information on the role of CTL in control or persistence of SIV infection in sooty mangabeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaur
- Division of Immunology, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772, USA.
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42
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de Lalla C, Sturniolo T, Abbruzzese L, Hammer J, Sidoli A, Sinigaglia F, Panina-Bordignon P. Cutting edge: identification of novel T cell epitopes in Lol p5a by computational prediction. J Immunol 1999; 163:1725-9. [PMID: 10438899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Although atopic allergy affects </=20% of the total population, the relationship between the protein structure and immunogenic activity of the allergens is still largely unknown. We observed that group 5 grass allergens are characterized by repeated structural motifs. Using a new algorithm, TEPITOPE, we predicted promiscuous HLA-DR ligands within the repeated motifs of the Lol p5a allergen from rye grass. In vitro binding studies confirmed the promiscuous binding characteristics of these peptides. Moreover, most of the predicted ligands were novel T cell epitopes that were able to stimulate T cells from atopic patients. We generated a panel of Lol p5a-specific T cell clones, the majority of which recognized the peptides in a cross-reactive fashion. The computational prediction of DR ligands might thus allow the design of T cell epitopes with potential useful application in novel immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C de Lalla
- DIBIT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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43
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Huseby ES, Ohlén C, Goverman J. Cutting edge: myelin basic protein-specific cytotoxic T cell tolerance is maintained in vivo by a single dominant epitope in H-2k mice. J Immunol 1999; 163:1115-8. [PMID: 10415003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is believed to be an autoimmune disease mediated by T cells specific for CNS Ags. MS lesions contain both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. The contribution of CD4+ T cells to CNS autoimmune disease has been extensively studied in an animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, little is known about the role of autoreactive CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in MS or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We demonstrate here that myelin basic protein (MBP) is processed in vivo by the MHC class I pathway leading to a MBP79-87/Kk complex. The recognition of this complex by MBP-specific cytotoxic T cells leads to a high degree of tolerance in vivo. This study is the first to show that the pool of self-reactive lymphocytes specific for MBP contain MHC class I-restricted T cells whose response is regulated in vivo by the induction of tolerance.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Animals
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- H-2 Antigens/genetics
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- Immune Tolerance/genetics
- Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Immunodominant Epitopes/isolation & purification
- L Cells
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred A
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myelin Basic Protein/administration & dosage
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Huseby
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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44
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Rongcun Y, Salazar-Onfray F, Charo J, Malmberg KJ, Evrin K, Maes H, Kono K, Hising C, Petersson M, Larsson O, Lan L, Appella E, Sette A, Celis E, Kiessling R. Identification of new HER2/neu-derived peptide epitopes that can elicit specific CTL against autologous and allogeneic carcinomas and melanomas. J Immunol 1999; 163:1037-44. [PMID: 10395702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-two new HLA-A2.1-binding peptides derived from the protooncogene HER2/neu were identified and analyzed for their capacity to elicit peptide and tumor-specific CTL responses. We used peptide-pulsed autologous DC from the ascites of patients with ovarian carcinomas to induce CTL. Of the 22 tested new HER2/neu-derived epitopes that could bind HLA-A2 with high (IC50 < 50 nM) or intermediate (50 nM < IC50 < 500 nM) affinity, we report the recognition by CTL of at least four novel epitopes, including HER2(9435), HER2(9665), HER2(9689), and HER2(10952), and confirm that of the known HER2 (9369) epitope. These epitopes were able to elicit CTL that specifically killed peptide-sensitized target cells and, most importantly, a HER2/neu-transfected cell line and the autologous tumor cells. We also confirm that HER2/neu is overexpressed in several melanoma lines, and as a new finding, report that some of these lines are sensitive to CTL induced by the HER2 (9369), HER2(9435), and HER2(9689) epitopes. Finally, CTL clones specific for HER2 (9369), HER2(9435), and HER2(9689) epitopes were isolated from tumor-specific CTL lines, further demonstrating the immunodominance of these epitopes. These findings broaden the potential application of HER2/neu-based immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/immunology
- Carcinoma/metabolism
- Carcinoma/therapy
- Cell Separation
- Colonic Neoplasms
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Female
- HLA-A2 Antigen/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Melanoma/therapy
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/immunology
- Oligopeptides/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms
- Receptor, ErbB-2/biosynthesis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/isolation & purification
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Rongcun
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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45
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Bilsborough J, Van Pel A, Uyttenhove C, Boon T, Van den Eynde BJ. Identification of a second major tumor-specific antigen recognized by CTLs on mouse mastocytoma P815. J Immunol 1999; 162:3534-40. [PMID: 10092811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Murine mastocytoma P815 induces CTL responses against at least four distinct Ags (AB, C, D, and E). Recent studies have shown that the main component of the CTL response against the P815 tumor is targeted against Ags P815AB and P815E. The gene P1A has been well characterized. It encodes the P815AB Ag in the form of a nonameric peptide containing two epitopes, P815A and P815B, which are recognized by different CTLs. Here, we report the identification of the P815E Ag. Using a cDNA library derived from tumor P815, we identified the gene coding for P815E. We also characterized the antigenic peptide that anti-P815E CTLs recognize on the MHC class I molecule H-2Kd. The P815E Ag results from a mutation within an ubiquitously expressed gene encoding methionine sulfoxide reductase, an enzyme that is believed to be important in the protection of proteins against the by-products of aerobic metabolism. Surprisingly, immunizing mice i.p. with syngeneic tumor cells (L1210) that were constructed to express B7-1 and P815E did not induce resistance against live P815, even though a strong anti-P815E CTL response was observed with splenocytes from immunized animals.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- Base Sequence
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- DNA, Complementary/biosynthesis
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Immunization
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Mast-Cell Sarcoma/enzymology
- Mast-Cell Sarcoma/immunology
- Mast-Cell Sarcoma/prevention & control
- Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Neoplasm Proteins/isolation & purification
- Oligopeptides/genetics
- Oligopeptides/immunology
- Oligopeptides/isolation & purification
- Oxidoreductases/genetics
- Oxidoreductases/immunology
- Oxidoreductases/isolation & purification
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bilsborough
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Belgium
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46
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Balla-Jhagjhoorsingh SS, Koopman G, Mooij P, Haaksma TG, Teeuwsen VJ, Bontrop RE, Heeney JL. Conserved CTL epitopes shared between HIV-infected human long-term survivors and chimpanzees. J Immunol 1999; 162:2308-14. [PMID: 9973508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Certain HIV-1 infected humans that do not progress to AIDS have been documented to share particular MHC class I alleles that appear to correlate with long-term survival. HIV-1-infected chimpanzees are relatively resistant to progression to AIDS. Out of a group of 10 chimpanzees with CTL activity and nonprogressive HIV-1 infection, 2 animals with prominent cytolytic CD3+CD8+ T cell responses to HIV-1 Ags were studied in detail. Characterization of these CTL revealed that they contained the granzymes A and B, T cell intracellular Ag-1, and perforin and induced calcium-dependent cytolysis that correlated with the presence of apoptotic nuclei in target cells. These CTL responses were directed against two gagpeptides, which were found to be identical to previously described epitopes recognized in the context of HLA-B27 and HLA-B57 molecules. The latter two restriction elements occur with increased frequency in human long-term survivor cohorts. Phylogenetic comparisons revealed that the chimpanzee restriction elements, Patr-B*02and -B*03, described here do not show any obvious similarity with the HLA-B*27 and -B*57 alleles, suggesting that CTL responses to HIV-1 in distinct primate species may be controlled by different types of HLA-B-like molecules. The CTL responses in these two chimpanzees are directed, however, against highly conserved epitopes mapping across the majority of HIV-1 clades.
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Chang KM, Gruener NH, Southwood S, Sidney J, Pape GR, Chisari FV, Sette A. Identification of HLA-A3 and -B7-restricted CTL response to hepatitis C virus in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis C. J Immunol 1999; 162:1156-64. [PMID: 9916747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The inverse relationship between peripheral blood CTL responsiveness to multiple hepatitis C virus (HCV) epitopes and viral titer in patients with persistent HCV infection suggests that enhancement of the CTL response might result in viral clearance. Since several HLA-A2-restricted HCV CTL epitopes are already known, we aimed to identify CTL epitopes restricted by other HLA types in an effort to expand the epitope repertoire available for T cell-mediated therapeutic vaccine development. Scanning of 14 different HCV genome sequences for the presence of conserved peptides containing the HLA-A3 and -B7 motifs revealed 9- to 10-mer peptides that were synthesized and assayed for binding to HLA-A3, -B7 supertype molecules. Peptides with good HLA-binding affinities and cross-reactivities with at least three of five most common molecules of each supertype were tested for the ability to stimulate a memory CTL response in the peripheral blood from selected HCV-infected patients and normal seronegative donors in vitro. We identified eight HLA-A3 supertype-restricted CTL epitopes and one HLA-B7 supertype-restricted CTL epitope that were recognized by infected patients but not by healthy seronegative donors. HLA class I serotyping of 158 chronically infected patients revealed that 80% expressed one or more of HLA molecules belong to either the A2, A3, or B7 supertypes. In conclusion, the epitopes, herein identified combined with previously defined HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitopes, should be useful for the design of an ethnically unbiased, therapeutic CTL vaccine for the treatment of patients with chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Chang
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Mohagheghpour N, Gammon D, Kawamura LM, van Vollenhoven A, Benike CJ, Engleman EG. CTL response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: identification of an immunogenic epitope in the 19-kDa lipoprotein. J Immunol 1998; 161:2400-6. [PMID: 9725236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The successful resolution of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is believed to involve the induction of CTLs that are capable of killing cells harboring this pathogen, although little information is known about the MHC restriction or fine specificity of such CTLs. In this study, we used knowledge of the HLA-A*0201-binding motif and an immunofluorescence-based peptide-binding assay to screen for potential HLA-A*0201-binding epitopes contained in the 19-kDa lipoprotein of M.tb (M.tb19). CD8+ T cells derived from HLA-A*0201+ patients with active tuberculosis (TB) as well as tuberculin skin test-positive individuals who had no history of TB were used as effector cells to determine whether these epitopes are recognized by in vivo-primed CTLs. An in vitro vaccination system using HLA-A*0201+ dendritic cells (DCs) as APCs was used to determine whether these epitopes can sensitize naive CD8+ T cells in vitro, leading to the generation of Ag-specific CTLs. The results show that an HLA-A*0201-binding peptide comprised of residues 88 to 97 of M.tb19 (P88-97) is recognized by circulating CD8+ CTLs from both healthy tuberculin skin test-positive individuals and patients with active TB but not by tuberculin skin test-negative subjects. Moreover, dendritic cells pulsed with this peptide induced class I MHC-restricted CTLs from the T cells of healthy unsensitized persons. Finally, CTL lines that were specific for P88-97 were shown to lyse autologous monocytes that had been infected acutely with the H37Ra strain of M.tb. These results demonstrate that M.tb19 elicits HLA class I-restricted CTLs in vitro and in vivo that recognize endogenously processed Ag. Epitopes of the type identified here may prove useful in the design of an M.tb vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mohagheghpour
- Kuzell Institute for Arthritis and Infectious Diseases, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco 94115, USA.
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Godkin AJ, Davenport MP, Willis A, Jewell DP, Hill AV. Use of complete eluted peptide sequence data from HLA-DR and -DQ molecules to predict T cell epitopes, and the influence of the nonbinding terminal regions of ligands in epitope selection. J Immunol 1998; 161:850-8. [PMID: 9670963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In diseases with a strong association with an HLA haplotype, identification of relevant T cell epitopes may allow alteration of the pathologic process. In this report we use a reverse immunogenetic approach to predict possible HLA class II-restricted T cell epitopes by using complete pool sequencing data. Data from HLA-DR2(B1*1501), -DR3(B1*0301), -DQ2(A1*0501, B1*0201), and -DQ8(A1*0301, B1*0302) alleles were used by a computer program that searches a candidate protein to predict ligands with a relatively high probability of being processed and presented. This approach successfully identified both known T cell epitopes and eluted single peptides from the parent protein. Furthermore, the program identified ligands from proteins in which the binding motif of the HLA molecule was unable to do so. When the information from the nonbinding N- and C-terminal regions in the pool sequence was removed, the ability to predict several ligands was markedly reduced, particularly for the HLA-DQ alleles. This suggests a possible role for these regions in determining ligands for HLA class II molecules. Thus, the use of complete eluted peptide sequence data offers a powerful approach to the prediction of HLA-DQ and -DR peptide ligands and T cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Godkin
- Molecular Immunology Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Chen Y, Boros DL. Identification of the immunodominant T cell epitope of p38, a major egg antigen, and characterization of the epitope-specific Th responsiveness during murine schistosomiasis mansoni. J Immunol 1998; 160:5420-7. [PMID: 9605143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A recently cloned major Schistosoma mansoni egg Ag p38 induced and elicited strong Th1-type responsiveness in mice of H-2k haplotype. Now, we have identified the immunodominant T cell epitope of p38 and analyzed the dynamics of epitope-specific Th responsiveness during murine schistosomiasis mansoni. Overlapping recombinant and synthetic peptides that encompassed the full-length 354 amino acid of p38 were tested for proliferation and cytokine production in peptide- or p38-sensitized mice. The immunodominant T cell epitope of p38 that elicited pulmonary granuloma formation was localized within peptide P4 (amino acids 235-249). The P4-specific cytokine response of splenocytes that had been sensitized s.c. with p38, P4 or soluble egg Ags in IFA, or i.p. with 3000 eggs was predominantly as the Th1 type, with strong IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but trace amounts of IL-4 and IL-5 secretion. At 6.5 wk of infection, splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node cells responded to p38/P4 peptides with predominantly Th1-type responsiveness. This response did not switch to a Th2-type pattern from 8 wk onwards; rather, it underwent down-modulation. Moreover, the hepatic granuloma lymphocytes at 6.5 wk responded to p38/P4 predominantly with Th1-type cytokine production, indicating that they participate in early granuloma formation. From 8 wk onwards an immune deviation to the p38-specific response was observed that was manifested by rising IgG1, IgE, and IgG2a Ab production as opposed to declining Th1- and Th2-type cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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