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Liang L, Song J, Miao S, Xie Q, Li W, Huang H, Shen D, Zhang W. Modulation of lipid profile by secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA: Verification with a transgenic mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 712-713:149955. [PMID: 38640737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated a positive relation of secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA (sPLA2-IIA) with circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients with coronary artery disease, and sPLA2-IIA increased cholesterol efflux in THP-1 cells through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ)/liver X receptor α/ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) signaling pathway. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of sPLA2-IIA over-expression on lipid profile in a transgenic mouse model. Fifteen apoE-/- and C57BL/7 female mice received bone marrow transplantation from transgenic SPLA2-IIA mice, and treated with specific PPAR-γ inhibitor GW9662. High fat diet was given after one week of bone marrow transplantation, and animals were sacrificed after twelve weeks. Immunohistochemical staining showed over-expression of sPLA2-IIA protein in the lung and spleen. The circulating level of HDL-C, but not that of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol, or total triglyceride, was increased by sPLA2-IIA over-expression, and was subsequently reversed by GW9662 treatment. Over-expression of sPLA2-IIA resulted in augmented expression of cholesterol transporter ABCA1 at mRNA level in the aortas, and at protein level in macrophages, co-localized with macrophage specific antigen CD68. GW9662 exerted potent inhibitory effects on sPLA2-IIA-induced ABCA1 expression. Conclusively, we demonstrated the effects of sPLA2-IIA on circulating HDL-C level and the expression of ABCA1, possibly through regulation of PPAR-γ signaling in transgenic mouse model, that is in concert with the conditions in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
| | - Jing Song
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shisheng Miao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Honglang Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Dongyan Shen
- Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
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Bu H, Zhang S, Li P, Liu Z, Liu Y, Li Z, Liu X, Wang Z, Feng L, Chen L, Qu L. Secreted phospholipase PLA2G2E contributes to regulation of T cell immune response against influenza virus infection. J Virol 2024; 98:e0019824. [PMID: 38591879 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00198-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of secreted phospholipase A2s in respiratory diseases, such as asthma and respiratory viral infections, is well-established. However, the specific role of secreted phospholipase A2 group IIE (PLA2G2E) during influenza virus infection remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the role of PLA2G2E during H1N1 influenza virus infection using a targeted mouse model lacking Pla2g2e gene (Pla2g2e-/-). Our findings demonstrated that Pla2g2e-/- mice had significantly lower survival rates and higher viral loads in lungs compared to wild-type mice following influenza virus infection. While Pla2g2e-/- mice displayed comparable innate and humoral immune responses to influenza virus challenge, the animals showed impaired influenza-specific cellular immunity and reduced T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. This indicates that PLA2G2E is involved in regulating specific T cell responses during influenza virus infection. Furthermore, transgenic mice expressing the human PLA2G2E gene exhibited resistance to influenza virus infection along with enhanced influenza-specific cellular immunity and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Pla2g2e deficiency resulted in perturbation of lipid mediators in the lung and T cells, potentially contributing to its impact on the anti-influenza immune response. Taken together, these findings suggest that targeting PLA2G2E could hold potential as a therapeutic strategy for managing influenza virus infections.IMPORTANCEThe influenza virus is a highly transmissible respiratory pathogen that continues to pose a significant public health concern. It effectively evades humoral immune protection conferred by vaccines and natural infection due to its continuous viral evolution through the genetic processes of antigenic drift and shift. Recognition of conserved non-mutable viral epitopes by T cells may provide broad immunity against influenza virus. In this study, we have demonstrated that phospholipase A2 group IIE (PLA2G2E) plays a crucial role in protecting against influenza virus infection through the regulation of T cell responses, while not affecting innate and humoral immune responses. Targeting PLA2G2E could therefore represent a potential therapeutic strategy for managing influenza virus infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Lung/virology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Humans
- Group II Phospholipases A2/genetics
- Group II Phospholipases A2/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Mice, Knockout
- Immunity, Cellular
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Viral Load
- Disease Models, Animal
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunity, Innate
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Female
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemeng Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yichu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinglong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linbing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Mehta D, Shaikh S, Mohanty B, Chaudhari P, Waghmare SK. Secretory phospholipase (sPLA 2-IIA) regulates breast cancer stem cells differentiation and metastatic potential. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 677:98-104. [PMID: 37566923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most cancer worldwide in females. The primary factor responsible for tumor recurrence is the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which escape the chemo-radiotherapy. In this study, we have investigated the role of Secretory phospholipase-A2 Group 2A (sPLA2-IIA) that is overexpressed in BCSCs of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Further, overexpression of sPLA2-IIA revealed an increased EGFR/JNK/c-JUN/c-FOS signaling in BCSCs, while sPLA2-IIA knockdown significantly reduced the percentage of BCSCs and decreased signaling in both the cell lines. Importantly, sPLA2-IIA knockdown showed differentiation of BCSCs. Strikingly, PET imaging showed a decreased metastatic potential of BCSCs. Our study revealed a novel role of sPLA2-IIA in regulating BCSCs, which play a crucial role in regulating the differentiation and metastatic potential of BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan Mehta
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Waghmare Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sana Shaikh
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Waghmare Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhabani Mohanty
- Small Animal Imaging Facility (SAIF), Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India; Small Animal Imaging Facility (SAIF), Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjeev K Waghmare
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Waghmare Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Yang P, Cai C, Niu M, Liu X, Wang H, Liang H, Cheng B, Zhang Z, Chen F, Xie J, Qi Z, Yang G, Shi Q, Wang E, Lei C, Chen H, Ru B, Huang Y. Effect of copy number variation of PLA2G2A gene to growth traits in Chinese cattle. Gene 2022; 809:146014. [PMID: 34655722 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
SIMPLE SUMMARY As a member of genetic polymorphism, copy number variation has been a commonly used method in the world for investigating effect of genetic polymorphism on gene expression. Effect of genetic polymorphism made on livestock development has been more and more important in beef cattle molecular breeding. The characteristics of Chinese cattle are excellent meat quality, tolerant to rough feeding, good environmental adaptability and so on. But there are some obvious weaknesses still exist in the process of cattle growth and development, such as weak hindquarters and growth slowly. To improve the growth performance and market competitiveness of Chinese cattle, a lot of studies have been made about finding and investigating effective molecular marker. In this study, Q-PCR and data association analysis were used for PLA2G2A gene copy number variation detection and related effect analysis in Chinese cattle. Results showed that PLA2G2A gene has a significant effect on two breeds of Chinese cattle on growth traits, which could be a basic materials and effective information of cattle molecular markers breeding. PLA2G2A, member of secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) in superfamily of phospholipase A2, could catalyze the process of glycerophospholipids hydrolysis from position of sn-2 acyl with the release of free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. Researches about PLA2G2A gene are mostly focus on disease, including tumors and diabetes, the number of study occurred on animal breeding is weak. In this study, blood samples were collected from five breeds of Chinese cattle (Qingchuan cattle, Xianan cattle, Yunling cattle, Pinan cattle and Guyuan cattle) for PLA2G2A gene CNV type detection. SPSS 20.0 software and method of ANOVA were used to analyzed the association between types of CNV and growth traits. Results reveal that the distribution of different copy number types in different cattle breeds is different. In QC, XN and GY cattle, the frequencies of Deletion and Duplication are about 40%; in YL cattle, the frequency of Deletion type exceeds 60%; in PN cattle, the frequency of Duplication is closed to 80%. Association analysis indicate that CNV of PLA2G2A gene showed a positive effect in cattle growth: in QC cattle, Chest depth with Normal type copy number possess a increased trend (P < 0.05); individuals with Deletion type copy number have better performance on Height at sacrum, Heart girth and Body height in GY cattle (P < 0.05). The functional role and molecular mechanism of PLA2G2A gene in animal growth and development are still unclear, and it is necessary for processing a further research. This research aims to provide basic materials for molecular breeding of Chinese cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China; Guyuan Branch of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Guyuan, Ningxia 756000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxiao Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Liu
- Henan Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Jiaxian Animal Husbandry Bureau, Jiaxian, Henan 467100, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifeng Liang
- Jiaxian Animal Husbandry Bureau, Jiaxian, Henan 467100, People's Republic of China
| | - Baowei Cheng
- Jiaxian Animal Husbandry Bureau, Jiaxian, Henan 467100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuying Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianliang Xie
- Guyuan Branch of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Guyuan, Ningxia 756000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengfang Qi
- Jiaxian Animal Husbandry Bureau, Jiaxian, Henan 467100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojie Yang
- Jiaxian Animal Husbandry Bureau, Jiaxian, Henan 467100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoting Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Eryao Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Baorui Ru
- Henan Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Cindy Yang SY, Lien SC, Wang BX, Clouthier DL, Hanna Y, Cirlan I, Zhu K, Bruce JP, El Ghamrasni S, Iafolla MAJ, Oliva M, Hansen AR, Spreafico A, Bedard PL, Lheureux S, Razak A, Speers V, Berman HK, Aleshin A, Haibe-Kains B, Brooks DG, McGaha TL, Butler MO, Bratman SV, Ohashi PS, Siu LL, Pugh TJ. Pan-cancer analysis of longitudinal metastatic tumors reveals genomic alterations and immune landscape dynamics associated with pembrolizumab sensitivity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5137. [PMID: 34446728 PMCID: PMC8390680 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serial circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring is emerging as a non-invasive strategy to predict and monitor immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapeutic efficacy across cancer types. Yet, limited data exist to show the relationship between ctDNA dynamics and tumor genome and immune microenvironment in patients receiving ICB. Here, we present an in-depth analysis of clinical, whole-exome, transcriptome, and ctDNA profiles of 73 patients with advanced solid tumors, across 30 cancer types, from a phase II basket clinical trial of pembrolizumab (NCT02644369) and report changes in genomic and immune landscapes (primary outcomes). Patients stratified by ctDNA and tumor burden dynamics correspond with survival and clinical benefit. High mutation burden, high expression of immune signatures, and mutations in BRCA2 are associated with pembrolizumab molecular sensitivity, while abundant copy-number alterations and B2M loss-of-heterozygosity corresponded with resistance. Upon treatment, induction of genes expressed by T cell, B cell, and myeloid cell populations are consistent with sensitivity and resistance. We identified the upregulated expression of PLA2G2D, an immune-regulating phospholipase, as a potential biomarker of adaptive resistance to ICB. Together, these findings provide insights into the diversity of immunogenomic mechanisms that underpin pembrolizumab outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Cindy Yang
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott C Lien
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ben X Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Derek L Clouthier
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Youstina Hanna
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Iulia Cirlan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kelsey Zhu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey P Bruce
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samah El Ghamrasni
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marco A J Iafolla
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Oliva
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe L Bedard
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Albiruni Razak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Speers
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hal K Berman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David G Brooks
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lillian L Siu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Medical Oncology & Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Ozturk K, Onal MS, Efiloglu O, Nikerel E, Yildirim A, Telci D. Association of 5'UTR polymorphism of secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A) gene with prostate cancer metastasis. Gene 2020; 742:144589. [PMID: 32179174 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes are small lipolytic hydrolases that can regulate immune responses through generation of Arachidonic Acid (AA), a precursor molecule of lipid mediators like prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes. One of the family members of PLA2, secretory Phospholipase A2 Group IIA (PLA2G2A), was associated with different types of malignancies including prostate cancer. Elevated serum levels of PLA2G2A was found in prostate cancer (PCa) patients and associated with increased tumor grade in literature. 5'UTR regions have regulatory role in protein expression by controlling the accessibility of factors necessary for the translation initiation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at 5'UTR regions have the potential to affect mRNA translation efficiency resulting in altered protein levels depending on structure and nucleotide content. Given that the 5'UTR polymorphism in PLA2G2A gene (rs11573156) is associated with increased serum levels of PLA2G2A, the association of this 5'UTR polymorphism with PCa susceptibility and metastasis was investigated in this study. Total of 261 PCa patients and 128 control individuals were genotyped with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Individuals with heterozygous CG genotype was found to have significantly reduced risk of PCa metastasis with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 0.405 (p = 0.028, 95%CI = 0.181-0.906), compared to the carriers of homozygous CC genotype (p > 0.05) suggesting an anti-metastatic effect for the G allele. No association was found between PCa susceptibility and Gleason score (p > 0.05) in Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Ozturk
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Selen Onal
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Efiloglu
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Nikerel
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asif Yildirim
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Telci
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Takemi S, Nishio R, Taguchi H, Ojima S, Matsumoto M, Sakai T, Sakata I. Molecular cloning and analysis of Suncus murinus group IIA secretary phospholipase A2 expression. Dev Comp Immunol 2019; 100:103427. [PMID: 31278953 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial monolayer forms a mucosal barrier between the gut microbes and the host tissue. The mucosal barrier is composed of mucins and antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs). Several animal studies have reported that Paneth cells, which occupy the base of intestinal crypts, play an important role in the intestinal innate immunity by producing AMPs, such as lysozyme, Reg3 lectins, α-defensins, and group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (GIIA sPLA2). The house musk shrew (Suncus murinus) has only a few intestinal commensal bacteria and is reported to lack Paneth cells in the intestine. Although the expression of lysozyme was reported in the suncus intestine, the expression of other AMPs has not yet been reported. Therefore, the current study was focused on GIIA sPLA2 expression in Suncus murinus. GIIA sPLA2 mRNA was found to be most abundant in the spleen and also highly expressed in the intestine. Cells expressing GIIA sPLA2 mRNA were distributed not only in the crypt, but also in the villi. In addition, intragastric injection of lipopolysaccharide increased GIIA sPLA2 expression in the small intestine of suncus. These results suggest that suncus may host unique AMP-secreting cells in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Takemi
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishio
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Hayato Taguchi
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shiomi Ojima
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Mio Matsumoto
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sakai
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan; Area of Life-NanoBio, Division of Strategy Research, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakata
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
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8
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Nandi AA, Wadhwani NS, Joshi SR. Maternal vitamin D deficiency increases the thromboxane/prostacyclin ratio through alterations in the one-carbon cycle in Wistar rats. Biofactors 2019; 45:548-555. [PMID: 30985971 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to test the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency can influence long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism through alterations in the one-carbon cycle. Wistar rats (n = 8 per group) were given either a control (1,000 IU D3/kg diet) or a vitamin D deficient (VDD) (0 IU D3/kg diet) diet from pre-pregnancy to delivery. On day 20 of gestation, pregnant female rats were delivered by C-section to collect placenta and blood. VDD group demonstrated high serum parathyroid hormone, low serum phosphate, low plasma folate, higher plasma homocysteine, and higher plasma malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.05 for all) as compared to control. Lower protein levels of placental cystathionine-β-synthase enzyme (P < 0.05) were observed in the VDD group as compared to control. VDD group demonstrated higher placental mRNA levels of the enzymes phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase-2 (P < 0.05 for both) as compared to control. Protein levels of the enzymes phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase-2 were lower (P < 0.05 for both) in the VDD group as compared to the control group. The ratio of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto prostaglandin F1α in serum was higher (P < 0.05) in the VDD group as compared to control; although the serum levels of 6-keto prostaglandin F1α and thromboxane B2 were similar in both the groups. Our findings suggest that increased oxidative stress due to maternal vitamin D deficiency results in the imbalance between the vasoconstrictor (thromboxane B2 ) and vasodilator (6-keto prostaglandin F1α ) eicosanoids, which may lead to endothelial dysfunction and poor pregnancy outcome. © 2019 BioFactors, 45 (4):548-555, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita A Nandi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nisha S Wadhwani
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, Maharashtra, India
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9
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van Hensbergen VP, Movert E, de Maat V, Lüchtenborg C, Le Breton Y, Lambeau G, Payré C, Henningham A, Nizet V, van Strijp JAG, Brügger B, Carlsson F, McIver KS, van Sorge NM. Streptococcal Lancefield polysaccharides are critical cell wall determinants for human Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 to exert its bactericidal effects. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007348. [PMID: 30321240 PMCID: PMC6201954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (hGIIA) is an acute phase protein with bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Infection models in hGIIA transgenic mice have suggested the importance of hGIIA as an innate defense mechanism against the human pathogens Group A Streptococcus (GAS) and Group B Streptococcus (GBS). Compared to other Gram-positive bacteria, GAS is remarkably resistant to hGIIA activity. To identify GAS resistance mechanisms, we exposed a highly saturated GAS M1 transposon library to recombinant hGIIA and compared relative mutant abundance with library input through transposon-sequencing (Tn-seq). Based on transposon prevalence in the output library, we identified nine genes, including dltA and lytR, conferring increased hGIIA susceptibility. In addition, seven genes conferred increased hGIIA resistance, which included two genes, gacH and gacI that are located within the Group A Carbohydrate (GAC) gene cluster. Using GAS 5448 wild-type and the isogenic gacI mutant and gacI-complemented strains, we demonstrate that loss of the GAC N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) side chain in the ΔgacI mutant increases hGIIA resistance approximately 10-fold, a phenotype that is conserved across different GAS serotypes. Increased resistance is associated with delayed penetration of hGIIA through the cell wall. Correspondingly, loss of the Lancefield Group B Carbohydrate (GBC) rendered GBS significantly more resistant to hGIIA-mediated killing. This suggests that the streptococcal Lancefield antigens, which are critical determinants for streptococcal physiology and virulence, are required for the bactericidal enzyme hGIIA to exert its bactericidal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent P. van Hensbergen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elin Movert
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Section for Immunology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vincent de Maat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yoann Le Breton
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Biochemistry, Valbonne, France
| | - Christine Payré
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Biochemistry, Valbonne, France
| | - Anna Henningham
- Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Jos A. G. van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University, Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fredric Carlsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Section for Immunology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kevin S. McIver
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Nina M. van Sorge
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Zhu S, Wang Y, Chen W, Li W, Wang A, Wong S, Bao G, Li J, Yang H, Tracey KJ, D’Angelo J, Wang H. High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Counter-Regulates Serum Amyloid A (SAA)-Induced sPLA2-IIE and sPLA2-V Expression in Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167468. [PMID: 27898742 PMCID: PMC5127586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human serum amyloid A (SAA) has been demonstrated as a chemoattractant and proinflammatory mediator of lethal systemic inflammatory diseases. In the circulation, it can be sequestered by a high-density lipoprotein, HDL, which carries cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and apolipoproteins (Apo-AI). The capture of SAA by HDL results in the displacement of Apo-AI, and the consequent inhibition of SAA’s chemoattractant activities. It was previously unknown whether HDL similarly inhibits SAA-induced sPLA2 expression, as well as the resultant HMGB1 release, nitric oxide (NO) production and autophagy activation. Here we provided compelling evidence that human SAA effectively upregulated the expression and secretion of both sPLA2-IIE and sPLA2-V in murine macrophages, which were attenuated by HDL in a dose-dependent fashion. Similarly, HDL dose-dependently suppressed SAA-induced HMGB1 release, NO production, and autophagy activation. In both RAW 264.7 cells and primary macrophages, HDL inhibited SAA-induced secretion of several cytokines (e.g., IL-6) and chemokines (e.g., MCP-1 and RANTES) that were likely dependent on functional TLR4 signaling. Collectively, these findings suggest that HDL counter-regulates SAA-induced upregulation and secretion of sPLA2-IIE/V in addition to other TLR4-dependent cytokines and chemokines in macrophage cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Yongjun Wang
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Angelina Wang
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarabeth Wong
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Guoqiang Bao
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The 4 Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Huan Yang
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - John D’Angelo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Haichao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Okita Y, Shiono T, Yahagi A, Hamada S, Umemura M, Matsuzaki G. Interleukin-22-Induced Antimicrobial Phospholipase A2 Group IIA Mediates Protective Innate Immunity of Nonhematopoietic Cells against Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun 2016; 84:573-9. [PMID: 26644377 PMCID: PMC4730562 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01000-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen which establishes intracellular parasitism in various cells, including macrophages and nonhematopoietic cells, such as hepatocytes. It has been reported that several proinflammatory cytokines have pivotal roles in innate protection against L. monocytogenes infection. We found that a proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin 22 (IL-22), was expressed by CD3(+) CD4(+) T cells at an early stage of L. monocytogenes infection in mice. To assess the influence of IL-22 on L. monocytogenes infection in hepatocytes, cells of a human hepatocellular carcinoma line, HepG2, were treated with IL-22 before L. monocytogenes infection in vitro. Gene expression analysis of the IL-22-treated HepG2 cells identified phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A) as an upregulated antimicrobial molecule. Addition of recombinant PLA2G2A to the HepG2 culture significantly suppressed L. monocytogenes infection. Culture supernatant of the IL-22-treated HepG2 cells contained bactericidal activity against L. monocytogenes, and the activity was abrogated by a specific PLA2G2A inhibitor, demonstrating that HepG2 cells secreted PLA2G2A, which killed extracellular L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, colocalization of PLA2G2A and L. monocytogenes was detected in the IL-22-treated infected HepG2 cells, which suggests involvement of PLA2G2A in the mechanism of intracellular killing of L. monocytogenes by HepG2 cells. These results suggest that IL-22 induced at an early stage of L. monocytogenes infection enhances innate immunity against L. monocytogenes in the liver by stimulating hepatocytes to produce an antimicrobial molecule, PLA2G2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Okita
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, and Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takeru Shiono
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, and Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ayano Yahagi
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, and Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Hamada
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, and Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Umemura
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, and Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Goro Matsuzaki
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, and Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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12
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Guo Y, Li B, Xu X, Wu R, Li W. sPLA2-IIA Augments Oxidized LDL-Induced MCP-1 Expression in Vitro Through Activation of Akt. Cell Physiol Biochem 2015; 37:1345-54. [PMID: 26488172 DOI: 10.1159/000430255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) has an important role in atherosclerosis. In this study, we explored whether sPLA2-IIA overexpression could promote atherosclerosis in normal environment alone or with other inflammatory factors. METHODS Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were transduced with Lv-GFP-sPLA2-IIA, a plasmid containing sPLA2-IIA coupled with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Cells were incubated in the presence or absence of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), sPLA2 inhibitor LY315920 or PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002. The mRNA expression and protein secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Phosphorylation of Akt was examined by western blotting. RESULTS Lv-GFP-sPLA2-IIA-transduced HASMCs remained fluorescent during 72 h of the study period with infection ratio of around 80%. The mRNA expression and protein secretion of MCP-1 was not altered in groups of HASMCs, Lv-GFP transduced and Lv-GFP-sPLA2-IIA-transduced HASMCs (p>0.05), but was significantly increased in the presence of oxidized LDL especially in Lv-GFP-sPLA2-IIA transduction group (p<0.01). However, with the addition of LY315920, this enhancement was notably decreased (p<0.05). This enhancement was also markedly abolished by co-incubation with LY294002, paralleled with suppressed Akt phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of sPLA2-IIA does not alter MCP-1 level at baseline, but could enhance the atherogenic effect of oxidized LDL in HASMCs, at least partly due to activation of Akt. These findings may provide a strategy for treatment of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases.
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13
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El Hadri K, Denoyelle C, Ravaux L, Viollet B, Foretz M, Friguet B, Rouis M, Raymondjean M. AMPK Signaling Involvement for the Repression of the IL-1β-Induced Group IIA Secretory Phospholipase A2 Expression in VSMCs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132498. [PMID: 26162096 PMCID: PMC4498592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory Phospholipase A2 of type IIA (sPLA2 IIA) plays a crucial role in the production of lipid mediators by amplifying the neointimal inflammatory context of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), especially during atherogenesis. Phenformin, a biguanide family member, by its anti-inflammatory properties presents potential for promoting beneficial effects upon vascular cells, however its impact upon the IL-1β-induced sPLA2 gene expression has not been deeply investigated so far. The present study was designed to determine the relationship between phenformin coupling AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) function and the molecular mechanism by which the sPLA2 IIA expression was modulated in VSMCs. Here we find that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleotide (AICAR) treatment strongly repressed IL-1β-induced sPLA2 expression at least at the transcriptional level. Our study reveals that phenformin elicited a dose-dependent inhibition of the sPLA2 IIA expression and transient overexpression experiments of constitutively active AMPK demonstrate clearly that AMPK signaling is involved in the transcriptional inhibition of sPLA2-IIA gene expression. Furthermore, although the expression of the transcriptional repressor B-cell lymphoma-6 protein (BCL-6) was markedly enhanced by phenformin and AICAR, the repression of sPLA2 gene occurs through a mechanism independent of BCL-6 DNA binding site. In addition we show that activation of AMPK limits IL-1β-induced NF-κB pathway activation. Our results indicate that BCL-6, once activated by AMPK, functions as a competitor of the IL-1β induced NF-κB transcription complex. Our findings provide insights on a new anti-inflammatory pathway linking phenformin, AMPK and molecular control of sPLA2 IIA gene expression in VSMCs.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Aminoimidazole Carboxamide/analogs & derivatives
- Aminoimidazole Carboxamide/pharmacology
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Cattle
- Cell Separation
- Cells, Cultured
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Group II Phospholipases A2/genetics
- Group II Phospholipases A2/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/pharmacology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Phenformin/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Subunits/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Ribonucleotides/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transcriptional Activation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija El Hadri
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A) CNRS UMR8256/INSERM ERL-U1064, F-75005 Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Chantal Denoyelle
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA CNRS UMR8251, 4 Rue MA Lagroua Weill Hallé, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Lucas Ravaux
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A) CNRS UMR8256/INSERM ERL-U1064, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marc Foretz
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A) CNRS UMR8256/INSERM ERL-U1064, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mustapha Rouis
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A) CNRS UMR8256/INSERM ERL-U1064, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Michel Raymondjean
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A) CNRS UMR8256/INSERM ERL-U1064, F-75005 Paris, France
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14
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Shuvalova YA, Khasanova ZB, Kaminnaya VI, Samoilova EV, Korotaeva AA, Rubanovich AV, Kaminnyi AI. The association of PLA2G2A single nucleotide polymorphisms with type IIa secretory phospholipase A2 level but not its activity in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Gene 2015; 564:29-34. [PMID: 25794429 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the secretory phospholipase A2 type IIa (sPLA-IIa) gene (PLA2G2A) affect sPLA2-IIa level and activity in patients with diabetes mellitus, acute coronary syndrome or recent cardiovascular surgical interventions. Our study examined the effects of PLA2G2A SNPs on sPLA2-IIa levels and activity in patients with stable CHD. METHODS AND RESULTS The study included a total of 396 patients (30% women). Six SNPs of PLA2G2A: rs1774131, rs11573156, rs3753827, rs2236771, rs876018, and rs3767221, sPLA2-IIa level and activity were determined for all patients. Four SNPs (rs1774131, rs11573156, rs3753827, rs3767221) correlated with sPLA2-IIa level but not activity with the strongest correlation observed for rs11573156 (r=0.49, p=3.7·10(-13)). All partial correlations controlling for rs11573156 became insignificant, whereas, the partial correlation of rs11573156 with sPLA2-IIa level controlling for other SNPs remained significant. Only rs11573156 showed association with sPLA2-IIa level in multiple regression analysis. Haplotype CGGGTT was associated with a significantly higher sPLA2-IIa level but not activity compared with all other haplotypes after adjustment for gender, age, diabetes mellitus and statin use (p=0.0023). CONCLUSIONS According to our results the examined SNPs affect the sPLA2-IIa level to a greater extent than its activity in patients with stable CHD. It seems that, the impact of these SNPs on sPLA2-IIa level is caused by their linkage to rs11573156 whose minor alleles were associated with higher sPLA2-IIa level. At the same time haplotype CGGGTT, which includes the minor allele of rs11573156, was the dominant haplotype and was associated with the highest sPLA2-IIa level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Shuvalova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Department of Atherosclerosis Problems, 3rd Cherepkovskaya str, 15a, Moscow 121552, Russia.
| | - Zukhra B Khasanova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, 3rd Cherepkovskaya str, 15a, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Violetta I Kaminnaya
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Department of Atherosclerosis Problems, 3rd Cherepkovskaya str, 15a, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Elena V Samoilova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, 3rd Cherepkovskaya str, 15a, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Korotaeva
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, 3rd Cherepkovskaya str, 15a, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Alexander V Rubanovich
- Institute of General Genetics named Vavilov N. I., Department of Genetic Safety, Laboratory of Ecological Genetics, Gubkina str, 3, Moscow 117971, Russia
| | - Alexander I Kaminnyi
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Department of Atherosclerosis Problems, 3rd Cherepkovskaya str, 15a, Moscow 121552, Russia
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15
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Kocbek V, Bersinger NA, Brglez V, Mueller MD, Petan T, Rižner TL. Phospholipase A2 group IIA is elevated in endometriomas but not in peritoneal fluid and serum of ovarian endometriosis patients. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:214-8. [PMID: 25366587 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.975690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous gene expression analysis identified phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A) as a potential biomarker of ovarian endometriosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate PLA2G2A mRNA and protein levels in tissue samples (endometriomas and normal endometrium) and in serum and peritoneal fluid of ovarian endometriosis patients and control women. One-hundred and sixteen women were included in this study: the case group included 70 ovarian endometriosis patients, and the control group included 38 healthy women and 8 patients with benign ovarian cysts. We observed 41.6-fold greater PLA2G2A mRNA levels in endometrioma tissue, compared to normal endometrium tissue. Using Western blotting, PLA2G2A was detected in all samples of endometriomas, but not in normal endometrium, and immunohistochemistry showed PLA2G2A-specific staining in epithelial cells of endometrioma paraffin sections. However, there were no significant differences in PLA2G2A levels between cases and controls according to ELISA of peritoneal fluid (6.0 ± 4.4 ng/ml, 6.6 ± 4.3 ng/ml; p = 0.5240) and serum (2.9 ± 2.1 ng/ml, 3.1 ± 2.2 ng/ml; p = 0.7989). Our data indicate that PLA2G2A is implicated in the pathophysiology of ovarian endometriosis, but that it cannot be used as a diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Kocbek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
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Fujita M, Zhu K, Fujita CK, Zhao M, Lam KS, Kurth MJ, Takada YK, Takada Y. Proinflammatory secreted phospholipase A2 type IIA (sPLA-IIA) induces integrin activation through direct binding to a newly identified binding site (site 2) in integrins αvβ3, α4β1, and α5β1. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:259-71. [PMID: 25398877 PMCID: PMC4281730 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.579946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are activated by signaling from inside the cell (inside-out signaling) through global conformational changes of integrins. We recently discovered that fractalkine activates integrins in the absence of CX3CR1 through the direct binding of fractalkine to a ligand-binding site in the integrin headpiece (site 2) that is distinct from the classical RGD-binding site (site 1). We propose that fractalkine binding to the newly identified site 2 induces activation of site 1 though conformational changes (in an allosteric mechanism). We reasoned that site 2-mediated activation of integrins is not limited to fractalkine. Human secreted phospholipase A2 type IIA (sPLA2-IIA), a proinflammatory protein, binds to integrins αvβ3 and α4β1 (site 1), and this interaction initiates a signaling pathway that leads to cell proliferation and inflammation. Human sPLA2-IIA does not bind to M-type receptor very well. Here we describe that sPLA2-IIA directly activated purified soluble integrin αvβ3 and transmembrane αvβ3 on the cell surface. This activation did not require catalytic activity or M-type receptor. Docking simulation predicted that sPLA2-IIA binds to site 2 in the closed-headpiece of αvβ3. A peptide from site 2 of integrin β1 specifically bound to sPLA2-IIA and suppressed sPLA2-IIA-induced integrin activation. This suggests that sPLA2-IIA activates αvβ3 through binding to site 2. sPLA2-IIA also activated integrins α4β1 and α5β1 in a site 2-mediated manner. We recently identified small compounds that bind to sPLA2-IIA and suppress integrin-sPLA2-IIA interaction (e.g. compound 21 (Cmpd21)). Cmpd21 effectively suppressed sPLA2-IIA-induced integrin activation. These results define a novel mechanism of proinflammatory action of sPLA2-IIA through integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Fujita
- From the Departments of Dermatology and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
| | - Kan Zhu
- From the Departments of Dermatology and
| | - Chitose K Fujita
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
| | - Min Zhao
- From the Departments of Dermatology and
| | - Kit S Lam
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Mark J Kurth
- Department of Chemistry, UC Davis, Davis, California 95616, and
| | - Yoko K Takada
- From the Departments of Dermatology and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- From the Departments of Dermatology and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817,
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Brglez V, Pucer A, Pungerčar J, Lambeau G, Petan T. Secreted phospholipases A₂are differentially expressed and epigenetically silenced in human breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:230-5. [PMID: 24508801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) have recently been associated with several cancers, but their role in breast cancer is unknown. Here we demonstrate that mRNA expression of group IIA, III and X sPLA2s differs both in vivo in tumour biopsies and in breast cancer cells in vitro. Their expression is differentially regulated by DNA methylation and histone acetylation and, significantly, all three genes are silenced in aggressive triple negative cells due to both mechanisms. The transcription start site promoter region and the upstream CpG islands, exclusive to the group X sPLA2 gene, have variable roles in the regulation of sPLA2 expression. Our results suggest that the differential expression of hGIIA, hGIII and hGX sPLA2s in breast cancer cells is a consequence of various degrees of epigenetic silencing due to DNA hypermethylation and histone deacetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Brglez
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pucer
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jože Pungerčar
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS et Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 6097, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Zhang MS, Zhang KJ, Zhang J, Jiao XL, Chen D, Zhang DL. Phospholipases A-II (PLA2-II) induces acute pancreatitis through activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18:1163-1169. [PMID: 24817290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by local inflammation. Secretory phospholipases A-II (sPLA2-II) have been implicated in triggering AP, but their exact role to evoke AP is largely unknown. NF-kB activation has previously been shown to induce acute pancreatitis. The aim of this study is to explore that PLA2-II triggers AP by activation of NF-kB and the expression of inducible inflammatory mediators. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute pancreatitis in vivo was induced in Wistar rats by retrograde infusion of 4% sodium taurocholate (TAC) into the pancreatic duct. Then the Wistar rats were devided into 2 groups: (1) PLA2 II-specific siRNA was subsequently administrated subcapsularly after infusion of TAC. (2) One hour before the intraductal injection of TCA, the rats were treated with PDTC 100 mg/kg twice i.p. in 1 h interval. Induction of pancreatitis was confirmed by histopathology, NF-kB activity and expression in pancreas was detected by EMSA and immunohistochemistry. Inflammatory mediators such as the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1beta, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), IL-6 and IL-8 in blood was detected by ELISA. The severity of the disease and the mortality were observed. RESULTS We demonstrated that TAC specifically induces pancreatitis, induces PLA2-II expression and activates NF-kappaB and proinflammatory cytokine synthesis in the pancreas of rats. sPLA2-II siRNA transfection blocked NF-kappaB activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression and relieved pancreatitis severity. PDTC treatment blocked NF-kappaB activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Pretreatment with PDTC or PLA2 II-specific siRNA transfection improved the survival of the rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that PLA2-II induces acute pancreatitis through activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. siRNA mediated gene knockdown of PLA2-II relieves pancreatitis severity at least partly mediated by the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and proinflammatory cytokine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-S Zhang
- General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, China.
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19
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Zhang KJ, Zhang DL, Jiao XL, Dong C. Effect of phospholipase A2 silencing on acute experimental pancreatitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17:3279-3284. [PMID: 24379056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The group II phospholipase A2 (PLA2 II) in blood has been reported to increase in acute pancreatitis and to reflect the severity of pancreatitis. Here we investigated the effect of inhibition of PLA2 using siRNA gene knockdown in vitro and in an in vivo model of experimental pancreatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pancreatic acinar cell line AR42J in vitro was cultured with lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC) (50 uM) to induce expression of PLA2 with subsequent transfection of siRNA into stimulated AR42J cells. Acute pancreatitis in vivo was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by retrograde infusion of 4% sodium taurocholate (NaT) into the pancreatic duct. PLA2 II -specific siRNA was subsequently administrated, subcapsularly, after infusion of NaT. Controls included administration of scrambled siRNA (SC-RNA) or vehicle alone. After 24hr, pancreata were harvested and assessed for worsening pancreatitis by histopathology; The serum levels of PLA2 II and inflammatory mediators were analyzed. In both models endogenous PLA2 II gene expression was assessed at 24 hrs using real time RT-PCR. RESULTS In vitro, PLA2 II protein and mRNA levels were reduced in cells treated with PLA2-II siRNA when compared with control treatment. In vivo, induction of pancreatitis was confirmed by histopathology, inflammatory mediators such as the tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8. PLA2 expression were reduced 69% in siRNA treated rats, compared with controls. Serum inflammatory mediators levels decreased after administration of siRNA compared with vehicle control (p < 0.05,respectively). CONCLUSIONS siRNA mediated gene knockdown of PLA2-II appeared to relieve pancreatitis severity. PLA2-II may serve as a novel and effective therapeutic target for acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-J Zhang
- General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, China.
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20
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Brodziak F, Meharg C, Blaut M, Loh G. Differences in mucosal gene expression in the colon of two inbred mouse strains after colonization with commensal gut bacteria. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72317. [PMID: 23951309 PMCID: PMC3739790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The host genotype has been proposed to contribute to individually composed bacterial communities in the gut. To provide deeper insight into interactions between gut bacteria and host, we associated germ-free C3H and C57BL/10 mice with intestinal bacteria from a C57BL/10 donor mouse. Analysis of microbiota similarity between the animals with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed the development of a mouse strain-specific microbiota. Microarray-based gene expression analysis in the colonic mucosa identified 202 genes whose expression differed significantly by a factor of more than 2. Application of bioinformatics tools demonstrated that functional terms including signaling/secretion, lipid degradation/catabolism, guanine nucleotide/guanylate binding and immune response were significantly enriched in differentially expressed genes. We had a closer look at the 56 genes with expression differences of more than 4 and observed a higher expression in C57BL/10 mice of the genes coding for Tlr1 and Ang4 which are involved in the recognition and response to gut bacteria. A higher expression of Pla2g2a was detected in C3H mice. In addition, a number of interferon-inducible genes were higher expressed in C3H than in C57BL/10 mice including Gbp1, Mal, Oasl2, Ifi202b, Rtp4, Ly6g6c, Ifi27l2a, Usp18, Ifit1, Ifi44, and Ly6g indicating that interferons may play an essential role in microbiota regulation. However, genes coding for interferons, their receptors, factors involved in interferon expression regulation or signaling pathways were not differentially expressed between the two mouse strains. Taken together, our study confirms that the host genotype is involved in the establishment of host-specific bacterial communities in the gut. Based on expression differences after colonization with the same bacterial inoculum, we propose that Pla2g2a and interferon-dependent genes may contribute to this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Brodziak
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Caroline Meharg
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Michael Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Gunnar Loh
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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21
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Chen D, Jiao XL, Liu ZK, Zhang MS, Niu M. Knockdown of PLA2G2A sensitizes gastric cancer cells to 5-FU in vitro. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17:1703-1708. [PMID: 23852891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND-AIM Elevated expression of the PLA2G2A phospholipase in gastric cancer (GC) is associated with improved patient survival. PLA2G2A is also an important regulator of proliferation, invasion and metastasis in GC. However, no relation about PLA2G2A and chemosensitivity in GC cells was reported. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used for treatment of advanced gastric cancer. However, it is common for such patients to develop resistance to 5-FU, and this drug resistance becomes a critical problem for chemotherapy. The mechanisms underlying this resistance are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether PLA2G2A could confer 5-FU resistance or sensitise in GC cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 5-FU sensitivity of GC cell lines SGC-7901, MKN-45, RF-48, N87, AGS, MKN-28, RF-1, MGC-803 were determined by MTT assays. PLA2G2A levels were determined by western blot assays. The effects of 5-FU on PLA2G2A expression were determined in vitro. PLA2G2A was inhibited by silencing of the PLA2G2A using small interfering RNA in vitro. PLA2G2A was overexpressed by transfection of full-long PLA2G2A cDNA in vitro, and the effects were evaluated on 5-FU sensitivity. RESULTS The cell lines SGC-7901, MKN-45, RF-48 and N87 were sensitive, whereas AGS, MKN-28, RF-1 and MGC-803 were resistant to 5-FU. Significant correlation was observed between basal PLA2G2A and 5-FU sensitivity. Silencing of PLA2G2A increased 5-FU killing in 5-FU-treated cells, and overexpression of PLA2G2A decreased 5-FU killing in 5-FU-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS PLA2G2A was correlated with sensitivity to 5-FU. Silencing of PLA2G2A was sensitive to 5-FU treatment. Thus, PLA2G2A may be a useful therapeutic target for a subset of gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, Reople's Republic of China.
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22
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Lee LK, Bryant KJ, Bouveret R, Lei PW, Duff AP, Harrop SJ, Huang EP, Harvey RP, Gelb MH, Gray PP, Curmi PM, Cunningham AM, Church WB, Scott KF. Selective inhibition of human group IIA-secreted phospholipase A2 (hGIIA) signaling reveals arachidonic acid metabolism is associated with colocalization of hGIIA to vimentin in rheumatoid synoviocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15269-79. [PMID: 23482564 PMCID: PMC3663547 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.397893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (hGIIA) promotes tumor growth and inflammation and can act independently of its well described catalytic lipase activity via an alternative poorly understood signaling pathway. With six chemically diverse inhibitors we show that it is possible to selectively inhibit hGIIA signaling over catalysis, and x-ray crystal structures illustrate that signaling involves a pharmacologically distinct surface to the catalytic site. We demonstrate in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes that non-catalytic signaling is associated with rapid internalization of the enzyme and colocalization with vimentin. Trafficking of exogenous hGIIA was monitored with immunofluorescence studies, which revealed that vimentin localization is disrupted by inhibitors of signaling that belong to a rare class of small molecule inhibitors that modulate protein-protein interactions. This study provides structural and pharmacological evidence for an association between vimentin, hGIIA, and arachidonic acid metabolism in synovial inflammation, avenues for selective interrogation of hGIIA signaling, and new strategies for therapeutic hGIIA inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence K. Lee
- From the Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Romaric Bouveret
- St. Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, and
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | | | - Anthony P. Duff
- The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Harrop
- School of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | | | - Richard P. Harvey
- St. Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, and
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Michael H. Gelb
- the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | | | - Paul M. Curmi
- School of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | | | - W. Bret Church
- From the Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences
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Exeter HJ, Folkersen L, Palmen J, Franco-Cereceda A, Cooper JA, Kalea AZ, Hooft FV, Eriksson P, Humphries SE, Talmud PJ. Functional analysis of two PLA2G2A variants associated with secretory phospholipase A2-IIA levels. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41139. [PMID: 22879865 PMCID: PMC3412631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA (sPLA2-IIA) has been identified as a biomarker of atherosclerosis in observational and animal studies. The protein is encoded by the PLA2G2A gene and the aim of this study was to test the functionality of two PLA2G2A non-coding SNPs, rs11573156 C>G and rs3767221 T>G where the rare alleles have been previously associated with higher and lower sPLA2-IIA levels respectively. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Luciferase assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), and RNA expression by RT-PCR were used to examine allelic differences. For rs3767221 the G allele showed ∼55% lower luciferase activity compared to the T allele (T = 62.1 (95% CI 59.1 to 65.1) G = 27.8 (95% CI 25.0 to 30.6), p = 1.22×10⁻³⁵, and stronger EMSA binding of a nuclear protein compared to the T-allele. For rs11573156 C >G there were no luciferase or EMSA allelic differences seen. In lymphocyte cell RNA, from individuals of known rs11573156 genotype, there was no allelic RNA expression difference for exons 5 and 6, but G allele carriers (n = 7) showed a trend to lower exon 1-2 expression compared to CC individuals. To take this further, in the ASAP study (n = 223), an rs11573156 proxy (r² = 0.91) showed ∼25% higher liver expression of PLA2G2A (1.67×10⁻¹⁷) associated with the G allele. However, considering exon specific expression, the association was greatly reduced for exon 2 (4.5×10⁻⁵) compared to exons 3-6 (10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻²⁰), suggesting rs11573156 G allele-specific exon 2 skipping. CONCLUSION Both SNPs are functional and provide useful tools for Mendelian Randomisation to determine whether the relationship between sPLA2-IIA and coronary heart disease is causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J. Exeter
- Centre of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PJT); (HJE)
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jutta Palmen
- Centre of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jackie A. Cooper
- Centre of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Z. Kalea
- Centre of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ferdinand van’t Hooft
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve E. Humphries
- Centre of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa J. Talmud
- Centre of Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PJT); (HJE)
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Oleksowicz L, Liu Y, Bracken RB, Gaitonde K, Burke B, Succop P, Levin L, Dong Z, Lu S. Secretory phospholipase A2-IIa is a target gene of the HER/HER2-elicited pathway and a potential plasma biomarker for poor prognosis of prostate cancer. Prostate 2012; 72:1140-9. [PMID: 22127954 PMCID: PMC3345320 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study showed that prostate cancer cells overexpress and secrete secretory phospholipases A2 group IIa (sPLA2-IIa) and plasma sPLA2-IIa was elevated in prostate cancer patients. The current study further explored the underlying mechanism of sPLA2-IIa overexpression and the potential role of sPLA2-IIa as a prostate cancer biomarker. METHODS Plasma and tissue specimens from prostate cancer patients were analyzed for sPLA2-IIa levels. Regulation of sPLA2-IIa expression by Heregulin-α was determined by Western blot and reporter assay. RESULTS We found that Heregulin-α enhanced expression of the sPLA2-IIa gene via the HER2/HER3-elicited pathway. The EGFR/HER2 dual inhibitor Lapatinib and the NF-kB inhibitor Bortezomib inhibited sPLA2-IIa expression induced by Heregulin-α. Heregulin-α upregulated expression of the sPLA2-IIa gene at the transcriptional level. We further confirmed that plasma sPLA2-IIa secreted by mouse bearing human prostate cancer xenografts reached detectable plasma concentrations. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of patient plasma specimens revealed that high levels of plasma sPLA2-IIa, with the optimum cutoff value of 2.0 ng/ml, were significantly associated with high Gleason score (8-10) relative to intermediate Gleason score (6-7) prostate cancers and advanced relative to indolent cancers. The area under the ROC curve (area under curve, AUC) was 0.73 and 0.74, respectively. CONCLUSION We found that Heregulin-α, in addition to EGF, contributes to sPLA2-IIa overexpression in prostate cancer cells. Our findings support the notion that high levels of plasma sPLA2-IIa may serve as a poor prognostic biomarker capable of distinguishing aggressive from indolent prostate cancers, which may improve decision-making and optimize patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Oleksowicz
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - R. Bruce Bracken
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Krishnanath Gaitonde
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Barbara Burke
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Paul Succop
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Linda Levin
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Zhongyun Dong
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Building A, Room 259, 2120 East, Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237-0507. Phone: 513-558-5109; Fax: 513-558-1312;
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25
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Breitling LP, Koenig W, Fischer M, Mallat Z, Hengstenberg C, Rothenbacher D, Brenner H. Type II secretory phospholipase A2 and prognosis in patients with stable coronary heart disease: mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22318. [PMID: 21799821 PMCID: PMC3142130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum type II secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIa) has been found to be predictive of adverse outcomes in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Compounds targeting sPLA2-IIa are already under development. This study investigated if an association of sPLA2-IIa with secondary cardiovascular disease (CVD) events may be of causal nature or mainly a matter of confounding by correlated cardiovascular risk markers. Methodology/Principal Findings Eight-year follow-up data of a prospective cohort study (KAROLA) of patients who underwent in-patient rehabilitation after an acute cardiovascular event were analysed. Associations of polymorphisms (SNP) in the sPLA2-IIa-coding gene PLA2G2A with serum sPLA2-IIa and secondary fatal or non-fatal CVD events were examined by multiple regression. Hazard ratios (HR) were compared with those expected if the association between sPLA2-IIa and CVD were causal. The strongest determinants of sPLA2-IIa (rs4744 and rs10732279) were associated with an increase of serum concentrations by 81% and 73% per variant allele. HRs (95% confidence intervals) estimating the associations of the SNPs with secondary CVD events were increased, but not statistically significant (1.16 [0.89–1.51] and 1.18 [0.91–1.52] per variant allele, respectively). However, these estimates were very similar to those expected when assuming causality (1.18 and 1.17), based on an association of natural log-transformed sPLA2-IIa concentration with secondary events with HR = 1.33 per unit. Conclusion The present findings regarding genetic polymorphisms, determination of serum sPLA2-IIa, and prognosis in CVD patients are consistent with a genuine causal relationship and thus might point to a valid drug target for prevention of secondary CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz P Breitling
- Division C070 Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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26
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Abstract
This study is a retrospective, case control study involving 535 preterm infants examining the roles of sequence polymorphisms in genes that mediate host immune responses to bacterial infection in newborn infants. A total of 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 19 candidate genes including inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL10, IL1B, and TNF), cytokine receptors (IL1RN), toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5), and cell surface receptors (CD14) were genotyped. Subjects were stratified into three groups (sepsis, suspected sepsis, and control). The data were analyzed using a family-based transmission disequilibrium test. We found that birth weight, gestational age, duration of rupture of membranes, and presence of clinical chorioamnionitis were strongly associated with sepsis. Polymorphisms in TLR2 (rs3804099), TLR5 (rs5744105), IL10 (rs1800896), and PLA2G2A (rs1891320) genes were associated with sepsis. Allelic variants in PLA2G2A and TLR2 were associated with Gram-positive infections, whereas IL10 was associated with Gram-negative infections (p < 0.05). We conclude allelic variations in PLA2G2A, TLR2, TLR5, and IL10 may moderate the predisposition to sepsis in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Abu-Maziad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Dutour A, Achard V, Sell H, Naour N, Collart F, Gaborit B, Silaghi A, Eckel J, Alessi MC, Henegar C, Clément K. Secretory type II phospholipase A2 is produced and secreted by epicardial adipose tissue and overexpressed in patients with coronary artery disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:963-7. [PMID: 20008021 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a visceral adipose tissue in close contact with coronary vessels, the excess of which is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVE Our goal was to identify candidate molecule(s) characterizing EAT that could intervene in the pathogenesis of CAD. DESIGN An approach combining microarrays and bioinformatic sequence analysis tools for predicting secreted proteins (TargetP) was applied to paired biopsies of sc adipose tissue (SAT) and EAT, obtained from patients with or without CAD (NCAD). RESULTS were validated in three independent groups of subjects by quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and explant secretion. RESULTS Secretory type II phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) ranked as the highest gene coding for potentially secreted proteins with the highest overexpression in EAT in both CAD and NCAD. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed its increased expression in EAT (P < 0.01) as well as EAT from CAD as compared with NCAD (49.3 +/- 13 vs. 17.4 +/- 9.7 P < 0.01). sPLA2-IIA protein levels were higher in EAT than SAT (P < 0.001). EAT explants also showed significantly higher sPLA2-IIA secretion levels than SAT ones (4.37 +/- 2.7 vs. 0.67 +/- 0.28 ng/ml to 1 per gram tissue per 24 h, P < 0.03). sPLA2-IIA labeling was seen in the stroma vascular fraction between adipocytes and in connective capsules in EAT, with no immunostaining of the adipocytes. SAT was weakly labeled following the same process. CONCLUSION We have shown for the first time an increased expression of sPLA2-IIA in EAT in patients with CAD. sPLA2-IIA is a phospholipase, which has been shown to be an independent risk factor for CAD. These findings suggest that EAT has a potentially pathophysiological role in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Dutour
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 626, Faculté de Médecine Timone, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
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28
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Ganesan K, Ivanova T, Wu Y, Rajasegaran V, Wu J, Lee MH, Yu K, Rha SY, Chung HC, Ylstra B, Meijer G, Lian KO, Grabsch H, Tan P. Inhibition of gastric cancer invasion and metastasis by PLA2G2A, a novel beta-catenin/TCF target gene. Cancer Res 2008; 68:4277-86. [PMID: 18519687 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated expression of the PLA2G2A phospholipase in gastric cancer (GC) is associated with improved patient survival. To elucidate function and regulation of PLA2G2A in GC, we analyzed a panel of GC cell lines. PLA2G2A was specifically expressed in lines with constitutive Wnt activity, implicating beta-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling as a major upstream regulator of PLA2G2A expression. The invasive ability of PLA2G2A-expressing AGS cells was enhanced by PLA2G2A silencing, whereas cellular migration in non-PLA2G2A-expressing N87 cells was inhibited by enforced PLA2G2A expression, indicating that PLA2G2A is both necessary and sufficient to function as an inhibitor of GC invasion in vitro. We provide evidence that antiinvasive effect of PLA2G2A occurs, at least in part, through its ability to inhibit the S100A4 metastasis mediator gene. Consistent with its invasion inhibitor role, PLA2G2A expression was elevated in primary gastric, colon, and prostrate early-stage tumors, but was decreased in metastatic and late-stage tumors. There was a strong association between PLA2G2A promoter methylation status and PLA2G2A expression, suggesting that the loss of PLA2G2A expression in late-stage cancers may be due to epigenetic silencing. Supporting this, among the non-PLA2G2A-expressing lines, pharmacologic inhibition of epigenetic silencing reactivated PLA2G2A in Wnt-active lines, but in non-Wnt-active lines, a combination of Wnt hyperactivation and inhibition of epigenetic silencing were both required for PLA2G2A reactivation. Our results highlight the complexity of PLA2G2A regulation and provide functional evidence for PLA2G2A as an important regulator of invasion and metastasis in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaresan Ganesan
- Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Center, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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29
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Ravaux L, Denoyelle C, Monne C, Limon I, Raymondjean M, El Hadri K. Inhibition of interleukin-1beta-induced group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 expression by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in rat vascular smooth muscle cells: cooperation between PPARbeta and the proto-oncogene BCL-6. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:8374-87. [PMID: 17908795 PMCID: PMC2169168 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00623-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammation that occurs during atherosclerosis is characterized by the release of large amounts of group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA). This study was designed to define the function of the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) on sPLA2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We found that PPAR ligands decreased sPLA2-IIA activity and inhibited mRNA accumulation under inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, interleukin-1beta-induced sPLA2-IIA promoter activity was inhibited by the three PPAR ligands and in a similar way when cells were cotransfected with PPARalpha, PPARbeta, or PPARgamma, plus retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha). Our study revealed that the regulation of sPLA2-IIA gene transcription by PPARalpha/RXR and PPARgamma/RXR heterodimers requires an interaction with a PPAR response element (PPRE) of the sPLA2-IIA promoter. In contrast, PPARbeta operates through a PPRE-independent mechanism. In addition, we demonstrated that VSMCs expressed the transcriptional repressor BCL-6. Overexpression of BCL-6 markedly reduced sPLA2-IIA promoter activity in VSMCs, while a dominant negative form of BCL-6 abrogated sPLA2 repression by PPARbeta. The PPARbeta agonist induced a BCL-6 binding to the sPLA2 promoter in VSMCs under inflammatory conditions. The knockdown of BCL-6 by short interfering RNA abolished the inhibitory effect of the PPARbeta ligand on sPLA2 activity and prostaglandin E2 release. Thus, the inhibition of sPLA2-IIA activity by PPARbeta agonists may provide a promising approach to impacting the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cattle
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Group II Phospholipases A2/biosynthesis
- Group II Phospholipases A2/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/pharmacology
- Ligands
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- PPAR-beta/metabolism
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Response Elements
- Retinoid X Receptors/metabolism
- Sequence Deletion
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ravaux
- UMR Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, 7 quai Saint-Bernard, 75252 Paris, France
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30
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Liu Z, Lu X, Wang H, You XJ, Gao QX, Cui YH. Group II subfamily secretory phospholipase A2 enzymes: expression in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. Allergy 2007; 62:999-1006. [PMID: 17578498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group II subfamily secretory phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)s) are the enzymes that can play a major role in inflammation. However, the presence of group II subfamily sPLA(2)s in human sinonasal mucosa and their roles in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are not well known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of group II subfamily sPLA(2)s in human sinonasal mucosa from controls and CRS patients with and without nasal polyps (NPs) and the regulation of expression by proinflammatory cytokines. METHODS Surgical samples were investigated by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for evaluation of group II subfamily sPLA(2)s mRNA expression, and the presence and location of group II subfamily sPLA(2)s-positive cells were analyzed by means of immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, nasal explant culture and quantitative RT-PCR techniques were used to investigate the effect of interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on group II subfamily sPLA(2)s mRNA production in sinonasal mucosa. RESULTS Messenger RNA expression of sPLA(2)-IIA, -IID, and -IIE was significantly upregulated in tissues from CRS patients compared with control tissues. Among CRS patients, patients without NPs showed significantly stronger expression in sinonasal mucosa than patients with NPs of sPLA(2)-IIA mRNA, and weaker expression of sPLA(2)-IIE mRNA. Immunohistochemistry revealed enhanced protein expression of type II sPLA(2)s and specific type IIA sPLA(2) in epithelial cells and submucosal glands in samples from CRS patients. Stronger type IIA sPLA(2) protein expression was found in samples from CRS patients without NPs when compared with NPs. Nasal explant culture experiments demonstrated that mRNA expression of sPLA(2)-IIA, -IID, and -IIE was dramatically induced by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. CONCLUSIONS The expression of some members of group II subfamily of sPLA(2)s is upregulated in CRS and it may result from IL-1beta and TNF-alpha overexpression. Different individual group II subfamily sPLA(2)s may play different roles in the pathogenesis of CRS with and without NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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