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Mao Y, Li N, Liu J, Jiang ZX, Yang Z. TBAF-Mediated [3+1] Cycloaddition of Difluorocarbene to Access gem-Difluorinated 1,2-Diazetidine Analogues as Potent Anticancer Agents. Org Lett 2023; 25:7567-7572. [PMID: 37815920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The facile synthesis of gem-difluorinated 1,2-diazetidines was achieved by metal-free [3+1] annulation between C,N-cyclic azomethine imines with difluorocarbene. A library of 30 compounds benefiting from the TBAF-mediated cyclization process could be directly assembled in moderate to good yield under mild conditions. A plausible mechanism involving the difluorocarbene pathway was proposed based on carbene trapping and control experiments. Many compounds exhibited dramatic antiproliferative activity in 4T1, A549, and HeLa tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Mao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Gao T, Qian T, Wang T, Su Y, Qiu H, Tang W, Xing Q, Wang L. T0901317, a liver X receptor agonist, ameliorates perinatal white matter injury induced by ischemia and hypoxia in neonatal rats. Neurosci Lett 2023; 793:136994. [PMID: 36460235 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal white matter injury (PWMI) can lead to permanent neurological damage in preterm infants and bring a huge economic burden to their families and society. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are transcription factors that have been confirmed to mediate the myelination process under physiological conditions and are involved in regulating neurogenesis in adult animal models of acute and chronic cerebral ischemia. However, the role of LXRs in PWMI induced by both ischemic and hypoxic stimulation in the immature brain has not been reported. Herein, we investigated the role of LXRs in a neonatal rat model of white matter loss after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury through intraperitoneal injection of the LXR agonist T0901317 (T09) 1 day before and 15 min postinjury. The in vivo data showed that T09 treatment significantly facilitated myelination and ameliorated neurological behavior after PWMI. Moreover, T09 enhanced the proliferation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and reduced microgliosis and astrogliosis in the microenvironment for oligodendrocytes (OLs), maintaining a healthy microenvironment for myelinating OLs. In vitro data suggested that the expression of the myelin-related genes Plp and Cnpase was increased in OLN-93 cells after T09 intervention compared with OLN-93 cells injured by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). In primary mixed astrocytes/microglia cells, T09 also reduced the expression of Il6, Cox2, Tnfa and Il10 that was induced by OGD. Mechanistically, the mRNA expression level and the protein level of ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (Abca1) decreased after HI injury, and the protective effect of T09 might be related to the activation of the LXRβ-ABCA1 signaling pathway. Our study revealed the protective role of LXRs in myelination and white matter homeostasis, providing a potential therapeutic option for PWMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Department of Neonatology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Tianyang Qian
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Tianwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Su
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Qiu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Wan Tang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Qinghe Xing
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Laishuan Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Department of Neonatology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
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Wang Z, Ke Q, Tao K, Li Q, Xia Y, Bao J, Chen Q. Activity and Point Mutation G699V in PcoORP1 Confer Resistance to Oxathiapiprolin in Phytophthora colocasiae Field Isolates. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:14140-14147. [PMID: 36315898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The oxysterol-binding protein inhibitor oxathiapiprolin is a new fungicide for controlling oomycetes diseases. Besides, laboratory mutagenesis oxathiapiprolin-resistance among phytopathogenic oomycetes in the field remains unknown. Here, the sensitivity of 97 P. colocasiae isolates to oxathiapiprolin was examined that were collected between 2011 and 2016. We obtained a baseline sensitivity with a mean EC50 value of 5.2639 × 10-4 μg mL-1. We showed that 6/32 isolates collected in Fujian Province from 2019 to 2020 were resistant to oxathiapiprolin without a significant fitness penalty on sporulation, vegetative growth, and virulence of the field isolates. The oxathiapiprolin resistance field isolates contained the point mutation glycine to valine at 699 in PcoORP1. The point mutation G699V was verified to confer resistance of P. colocasiae to oxathiapiprolin using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The mutation G699V decreased the binding affinity between oxathiapiprolin and PcoORP1. These results will improve our understanding of the mechanism of P. colocasiae resistance to oxathiapiprolin under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qihan Ke
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Kezhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yeqiang Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- The Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Qinghe Chen
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Luo Y, Tan X, Zhang X, Li Y, Huang J, Deng Y. Effect of liver X receptor agonist TO901317 on cognitive function in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice with Alzheimer 's disease and the underlying mechanism. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 47:1324-1331. [PMID: 36411683 PMCID: PMC10930358 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.210770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The liver X receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, and LXR-β is an important receptor for cholesterol content in brain cells. LXR-β/retinoic X receptor (RXR-α)/ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) cholesterol transmembrane transport system is closely related to the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). LXR agonist TO901317 can affect the accumulation of β- amyloid protein in the brain tissue of APP/PS1 double transgenic AD mice. However, the molecular mechanism is not clarified in detail. This study aims to evaluate the effects of LXR agonist TO901317 on the cognitive function of AD mice fed with high cholesterol diet, and to explore its possible mechanism from the perspective of cholesterol metabolism. METHODS Twenty four male 6-month-old APP/PS1 double transgenic AD mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, 6 mice in each group: a control group (fed with normal diet), a cholesterol rich diet (CRD) group, a TO901317 group (fed with CRD combined with TO901317), and a GSK2033 group (fed with CRD combined with TO901317 and LXR antagonist GSK2033). The mice were fed with pellet feed made of high cholesterol feed, mixed with lard, egg yolk powder, and cod liver oil twice a day. TO901317 and GSK2033 were dissolved and diluted to a final concentration at 0.03%. The drugs were given to the mice daily through gastric tube according to their body weight. Meanwhile, the mice in the drug group were fed with high cholesterol diet . After feeding for 3 months, Morris water maze was used to observe the changes of spatial exploration and memory ability of AD mice in each group. The contents of TC, LDL, and HDL in serum of mice in each group were detected by cholesterol enzyme colorimetry, and the differences among the groups were compared. The expression of Aβ42 in the brain of AD mice was detected by ELISA. Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of LXR-β, RXR-α, ABCA1, and Caveolin-1 in the brain of each group. RESULTS Morris water maze results showed that the times, distance and the duration of mice crossing the platform in the CRD group were significantly decreased compared with the control group (all P<0.05), while these three figures in TO901317 group were significantly increased compared with the CRD group (all P<0.05). Compared with the TO901317 group, there was a decrease of these figures in the GSK2033 group (all P<0.05). The serum TC and LDL levels in the CRD group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while HDL levels were significantly lower (all P<0.001). The figures of the TC and LDL contents level in the TO901317 group were lower than those in the CRD group, while HDL levels were higher (all P<0.001). Compared with TO901317 group, the contents of the TC and LDL in GSK2033 group were significantly increased, while HDL content was significantly decreased (all P<0.001). ELISA results showed that the production of Aβ42 peptides in the brain of CRD group was the highest while the content in the TO901317 group was significantly decreased (P<0.001), which was the lowest among the groups. The figure in the control group was close to the GSK2033 group. Western blotting results showed that the protein levels of LXR-β, RXR-α, and ABCA1 in the CRD group were significantly decreased compared with the control group, but the protein level of Caveolin-1 was increased (all P<0.01). After TO901317 treatment, the protein levels of LXR-β, RXR-α and ABCA1 were significantly increased, while the protein level of Caveolin-1 was decreased partially (all P<0.001). In the GSK2033 group, the effect of TO901317 on AD mice was partially reversed by GSK2033. Compared to TO901317 group, the protein levels of LXR-β, RXR-α, and ABCA1 showed a decrease trend, while the protein level of Caveolin-1 showed an increase state (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS High cholesterol diet leads to severer spatial exploration, learning and memory impairment in transgenic AD mice, while the LXR agonist TO901317 attenuates this effect. The mechanism may be that TO901317 promotes cholesterol efflux by activating LXR-β/RXR-α/ABCA1 transmembrane transport system, reduces the expression of Caveolin-1, improves the composition of lipid raft, and ultimately reduces the production of Aβ42 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmao Luo
- Department of Gerontology, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing 400010.
| | - Xiaolin Tan
- Department of Gerontology, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing 400010
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gerontology, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing 400010
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Gerontology, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing 400010
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Gerontology, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing 400010.
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Weber RE, Schulze KM, Colburn TD, Horn AG, Hageman KS, Ade CJ, Hall SE, Sandner P, Musch TI, Poole DC. Capillary hemodynamics and contracting skeletal muscle oxygen pressures in male rats with heart failure: Impact of soluble guanylyl cyclase activator. Nitric Oxide 2022; 119:1-8. [PMID: 34871799 PMCID: PMC9469501 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), nitric oxide-soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) pathway dysfunction impairs skeletal muscle arteriolar vasodilation and thus capillary hemodynamics, contributing to impaired oxygen uptake (V̇O2) kinetics. Targeting this pathway with sGC activators offers a new treatment approach to HFrEF. We tested the hypotheses that sGC activator administration would increase the O2 delivery (Q̇O2)-to-V̇O2 ratio in the skeletal muscle interstitial space (PO2is) of HFrEF rats during twitch contractions due, in part, to increases in red blood cell (RBC) flux (fRBC), velocity (VRBC), and capillary hematocrit (Hctcap). HFrEF was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats via myocardial infarction. After 3 weeks, rats were treated with 0.3 mg/kg of the sGC activator BAY 60-2770 (HFrEF + BAY; n = 11) or solvent (HFrEF; n = 9) via gavage b.i.d for 5 days prior to phosphorescence quenching (PO2is, in contracting muscle) and intravital microscopy (resting) measurements in the spinotrapezius muscle. Intravital microscopy revealed higher fRBC (70 ± 9 vs 25 ± 8 RBC/s), VRBC (490 ± 43 vs 226 ± 35 μm/s), Hctcap (16 ± 1 vs 10 ± 1%) and a greater number of capillaries supporting flow (91 ± 3 vs 82 ± 3%) in HFrEF + BAY vs HFrEF (all P < 0.05). Additionally, PO2is was especially higher during 12-34s of contractions in HFrEF + BAY vs HFrEF (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that sGC activators improved resting Q̇O2 via increased fRBC, VRBC, and Hctcap allowing for better Q̇O2-to-V̇O2 matching during the rest-contraction transient, supporting sGC activators as a potential therapeutic to target skeletal muscle vasomotor dysfunction in HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona E Weber
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | - Kiana M Schulze
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Trenton D Colburn
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Andrew G Horn
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - K Sue Hageman
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Carl J Ade
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Stephanie E Hall
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Peter Sandner
- Bayer AG, Cardiology Research, Wuppertal, Germany and Hannover Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Timothy I Musch
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - David C Poole
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Chen X, Song X, Tu Z, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Ding K. Characterization of an aromatic trifluoromethyl ketone as a new warhead for covalently reversible kinase inhibitor design. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 50:116457. [PMID: 34670167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An aromatic trifluoromethyl ketone moiety was characterized as a new warhead for covalently reversible kinase inhibitor design to target the non-catalytic cysteine residue. Potent and selective covalently reversible inhibitors of FGFR4 kinase were successfully designed and synthesized by utilizing this new warhead. The binding mode of a representative inhibitor was fully characterized by using multiple technologies including MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, dialysis assay and X-ray crystallographic studies etc. This functional group was also successfully applied to discovery of a new JAK3 inhibitor, suggesting its potential application in designing other kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of PR China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yongjin Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of PR China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiaojuan Song
- Drug Discovery Pipeline & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhengchao Tu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of PR China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China; Drug Discovery Pipeline & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of PR China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of PR China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Miyachi H. Structural Biology-Based Exploration of Subtype-Selective Agonists for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179223. [PMID: 34502131 PMCID: PMC8430769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in understanding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes as nuclear receptors that have pleiotropic effects on biological responses has enabled the exploration of new subtype-selective PPAR ligands. Such ligands are useful chemical biology/pharmacological tools to investigate the functions of PPARs and are also candidate drugs for the treatment of PPAR-mediated diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, inflammation and cancer. This review summarizes our medicinal chemistry research of more than 20 years on the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of subtype-selective PPAR agonists, which has been based on two working hypotheses, the ligand superfamily concept and the helix 12 (H12) holding induction concept. X-ray crystallographic analyses of our agonists complexed with each PPAR subtype validate our working hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Lead Exploration Unit, Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Han ZZ, Dong T, Ming XX, Kuang F, Zhang CP. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of CF 3 Se-Substituted α-Amino Acid Derivatives. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3177-3180. [PMID: 34268896 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several CF3 Se-substituted α-amino acid derivatives, such as (R)-2-amino-3-((trifluoromethyl)selanyl)propanoates (5 a/6 a), (S)-2-amino-4-((trifluoromethyl)selanyl)butanoates (5 b/6 b), (2R,3R)-2-amino-3-((trifluoromethyl)selanyl)butanoates (5 c/6 c), (R)-2-((S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanamido)-3-((trifluoromethyl)selanyl)propanoates (11 a/12 a), and (R)-2-(2-aminoacetamido)-3-((trifluoromethyl)selanyl)propanoates (11 b/12 b), were readily synthesized from natural amino acids and [Me4 N][SeCF3 ]. The primary in vitro cytotoxicity assays revealed that compounds 6 a, 11 a and 12 a were more effective cell growth inhibitors than the other tested CF3 Se-substituted derivatives towards MCF-7, HCT116, and SK-OV-3 cells, with their IC50 values being less than 10 μM for MCF-7 and HCT116 cells. This study indicated the potentials of CF3 Se moiety as a pharmaceutically relevant group in the design and synthesis of novel biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Zhou Han
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Dong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Ming
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fu Kuang
- Department of phase I clinical trial center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 40010, China
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Shin HS, Lee Y, Shin MH, Cho SI, Zouboulis CC, Kim MK, Lee DH, Chung JH. Histone Deacetylase 1 Reduces Lipogenesis by Suppressing SREBP1 Transcription in Human Sebocyte Cell Line SZ95. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094477. [PMID: 33922983 PMCID: PMC8123291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of sebum production is important for maintaining skin homeostasis in humans. However, little is known about the role of epigenetic regulation in sebocyte lipogenesis. We investigated histone acetylation changes and their role in key lipogenic gene regulation during sebocyte lipogenesis using the human sebaceous gland cell line SZ95. Sebocyte lipogenesis is associated with a significant increase in histone acetylation. Treatment with anacardic acid (AA), a p300 histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, significantly decreased the lipid droplet number and the expression of key lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In contrast, treatment with trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, increased the expression of these genes. Global HDAC enzyme activity was decreased, and HDAC1 and HDAC2 expression was downregulated during sebaceous lipogenesis. Interestingly, HDAC1 knockdown increased lipogenesis through SREBP1 induction, whereas HDAC1 overexpression decreased lipogenesis and significantly suppressed SREBP1 promoter activity. HDAC1 and SREBP1 levels were inversely correlated in human skin sebaceous glands as demonstrated in immunofluorescence images. In conclusion, HDAC1 plays a critical role in reducing SREBP1 transcription, leading to decreased sebaceous lipogenesis. Therefore, HDAC1 activation could be an effective therapeutic strategy for skin diseases related to excessive sebum production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yuri Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Soo Ick Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Dessau Medical Center, Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 06847 Dessau, Germany;
| | - Min Kyoung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.K.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.K.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.K.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
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10
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Polepally AR, Ng JW, Salem AH, Dufek MB, Parikh A, Carter DC, Kamradt K, Mostafa NM, Shebley M. Assessment of Clinical Drug-Drug Interactions of Elagolix, a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonist. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 60:1606-1616. [PMID: 33045114 PMCID: PMC7689813 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elagolix is an oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist indicated for the management of endometriosis-associated pain and in combination with estradiol/norethindrone acetate indicated for the management of heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) in premenopausal women. Elagolix coadministered with estradiol/norethindrone acetate is in late-stage development for the management of heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids. Based on the in vitro profile of elagolix metabolism and disposition, 9 drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies evaluating the victim and perpetrator characteristics of elagolix were conducted in 144 healthy volunteers. As a victim of cytochrome P450 (CYPs) and transporter-mediated DDIs, elagolix area under the curve (AUC) increased by ∼2-fold following coadministration with ketoconazole and by ∼5- and ∼2-fold with single and multiple doses of rifampin, respectively. As a perpetrator, elagolix decreased midazolam AUC (90% confidence interval) by 54% (50%-59%) and increased digoxin AUC by 32% (23%-41%). Elagolix decreased rosuvastatin AUC by 40% (29%-50%). No clinically significant changes in exposure on coadministration with sertraline or fluconazole occurred. A elagolix 150-mg once-daily regimen should be limited to 6 months with strong CYP3A inhibitors and rifampin because of the potential increase in bone mineral density loss, as described in the drug label. A 200-mg twice-daily regimen is recommended for no more than 1 month with strong CYP3A inhibitors and not recommended with rifampin. Elagolix is contraindicated with strong organic anion transporter polypeptide B1 inhibitors (eg, cyclosporine and gemfibrozil). Consider increasing the doses of midazolam and rosuvastatin when coadministered with elagolix, and individualize therapy based on patient response. Clinical monitoring is recommended for P-glycoprotein substrates with a narrow therapeutic window (eg, digoxin). Dose adjustments are not required for sertraline, fluconazole, bupropion (or any CYP2B6 substrate), or elagolix when coadministered.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/agonists
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Adult
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers/administration & dosage
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers/pharmacokinetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers/administration & dosage
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers/pharmacokinetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Drug Interactions
- Female
- Healthy Volunteers
- Humans
- Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated/administration & dosage
- Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated/blood
- Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated/pharmacokinetics
- Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated/pharmacology
- Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Premenopause
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/blood
- Pyrimidines/pharmacokinetics
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Receptors, LHRH/antagonists & inhibitors
- Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1B3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1B3/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juki W. Ng
- Pharmaceutical Development, General MedicineAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Ahmed Hamed Salem
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Matthew B. Dufek
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Apurvasena Parikh
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.Redwood CityCaliforniaUSA
| | - David C. Carter
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Kent Kamradt
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Nael M. Mostafa
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Mohamad Shebley
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
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11
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Marques-Almeida T, Cardoso VF, Gama M, Lanceros-Mendez S, Ribeiro C. Patterned Piezoelectric Scaffolds for Osteogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8352. [PMID: 33171761 PMCID: PMC7672637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphological clues of scaffolds can determine cell behavior and, therefore, the patterning of electroactive polymers can be a suitable strategy for bone tissue engineering. In this way, this work reports on the influence of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) electroactive micropatterned scaffolds on the proliferation and differentiation of bone cells. For that, micropatterned P(VDF-TrFE) scaffolds were produced by lithography in the form of arrays of lines and hexagons and then tested for cell proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblast cell line. Results show that more anisotropic surface microstructures promote bone differentiation without the need of further biochemical stimulation. Thus, the combination of specific patterns with the inherent electroactivity of materials provides a promising platform for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Marques-Almeida
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.M.-A.); (V.F.C.)
- CEB, Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Vanessa F. Cardoso
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.M.-A.); (V.F.C.)
- CMEMS-UMinho, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Miguel Gama
- CEB, Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.M.-A.); (V.F.C.)
- CEB, Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
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12
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Kim JH, Jung DY, Kim HR, Jung MH. Histone H3K9 Demethylase JMJD2B Plays a Role in LXRα-Dependent Lipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218313. [PMID: 33167594 PMCID: PMC7664202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligand-activated liver X receptor α (LXRα) upregulates the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes, which leads to triglyceride (TG) accumulation, resulting in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, LXRα regulation may provide a novel therapeutic target against NAFLD. However, histone methylation-mediated epigenetic regulation involved in LXRα-dependent lipogenesis is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the functional role of the histone demethylase Jumonji domain-containing protein 2B (JMJD2B) in LXRα-dependent lipogenesis. JMJD2B expression level was upregulated in HepG2 cells treated with LXRα agonist T0901317 or palmitate and the liver of mice administered with T0901317 or fed a high-fat diet. Knockdown of JMJD2B using siRNA abrogated T0901317-induced LXRα-dependent lipogenic gene expression and lowered intracellular TG accumulation. Conversely, overexpression of JMJD2B in HepG2 cells upregulated the expression of LXRα-dependent lipogenic genes, in line with increased intracellular TG levels. JMJD2B overexpression or T0901317 treatment induced the recruitment of JMJD2B and LXRα to LXR response elements (LXRE) in the promoter region of LXRα-target gene and reduced the enrichment of H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 in the vicinity of the LXRE. Furthermore, JMJD2B enhanced T0901317 or LXRα-induced transcriptional activities of reporters containing LXRE. A co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that JMJD2B interacted with activated LXRα. Moreover, overexpression of JMJD2B in mice resulted in upregulation of hepatic LXRα-dependent lipogenic genes, consistent with development of hepatic steatosis. Taken together, these results indicate that JMJD2B plays a role in LXRα-mediated lipogenesis via removing the repressive histone marks, H3K9me2 and H3K9me3, at LXRE, which might contribute to hepatic steatosis.
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13
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Munir MT, Ponce C, Santos JM, Sufian HB, Al-Harrasi A, Gollahon LS, Hussain F, Rahman SM. VD 3 and LXR agonist (T0901317) combination demonstrated greater potency in inhibiting cholesterol accumulation and inducing apoptosis via ABCA1-CHOP-BCL-2 cascade in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7771-7782. [PMID: 32990902 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with hypercholesterolemia and is a global epidemic. Epidemiological and animal studies revealed cholesterol is an essential regulator of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer progression while inhibition of cholesterol accumulation was found to prevent breast tumor growth. Individually, vitamin D and LXR agonist T0901317 showed anticancer properties. The present study investigated the effects of vitamin D3 (VD3, calcitriol), LXR agonist (T0901317) and a combination of VD3 + T0901317 on cholesterol metabolism and cancer progression in ER+ breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. VD3 or T0901317 alone reduced cholesterol accumulation significantly in MCF-7 cells concomitant with an induction of ABCA1 protein and gene expression compared to the control treatment. Most importantly, VD3 + T0901317 combination showed higher effects in reducing cholesterol levels and increasing ABCA1 protein and gene expression compared to individual treatments. Importantly, VD3 + T0901317 combination showed higher effects in increasing apoptosis as measured by annexin apoptosis assay, cell viability and was associated with induction of CHOP protein and gene expression. Additionally, the VD3 + T0901317 exerted higher effects in reducing antiapoptotic BCL-2 while increased pro-apoptotic BAX gene expression compared to the individual treatments. The present results suggest that VD3 and T0901317 combination may have an important therapeutic application to prevent obesity and hyperlipidemia mediated ER+ breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha T Munir
- Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Lauren S Gollahon
- Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Fazle Hussain
- Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shaikh Mizanoor Rahman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
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14
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Bekker RBW, Fjellaksel R, Hjornevik T, Nuruddin S, Rafique W, Hansen JH, Sundset R, Haraldsen IH, Riss PJ. Discovery of a Lead Brain-Penetrating Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonist with Saturable Binding in Brain. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1624-1628. [PMID: 32677155 PMCID: PMC7540054 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, radiosynthesis and biological characterisation of two gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R) antagonists with nanomolar binding affinity. A small library of GnRH-R antagonists was synthesised in 20-67 % overall yield with the aim of identifying a high-affinity antagonist capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. Binding affinity to rat GnRH-R was determined by autoradiography in competitive-binding studies against [125 I]buserelin, and inhibition constants were calculated by using the Cheng-Prusoff equation. The radioligands were obtained in 46-79 % radiochemical yield and >95 % purity and with a molar activity of 19-38 MBq/nmol by direct nucleophilic radiofluorination. Positron emission tomography imaging in rat under baseline conditions in comparison to pretreatment with a receptor-saturating dose of GnRH antagonist revealed saturable uptake (0.1 %ID/mL) into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Fjellaksel
- Department of Clinical MedicineUiT The Arctic University of NorwayHansine Hansens veg 189019TromsøNorway
- PET Imaging CenterUniversity Hospital of North NorwaySykehusvegen 389019TromsøNorway
- Department of ChemistryUiT – The Arctic University of NorwayHansine Hansens veg 189019TromsøNorway
| | - Trine Hjornevik
- Department of Diagnostic PhysicsOslo University HospitalSognsvannsveien 200372OsloNorway
| | - Syed Nuruddin
- Norwegian Medical Cyclotron AS, RikshospitaletSognsvannsveien 20OsloNorway
| | - Waqas Rafique
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OsloSem Sælands vei, 260371OsloNorway
| | - Jørn H. Hansen
- Department of ChemistryUiT – The Arctic University of NorwayHansine Hansens veg 189019TromsøNorway
| | - Rune Sundset
- Department of Clinical MedicineUiT The Arctic University of NorwayHansine Hansens veg 189019TromsøNorway
- PET Imaging CenterUniversity Hospital of North NorwaySykehusvegen 389019TromsøNorway
| | - Ira H. Haraldsen
- Clinical NeurosciencesOslo University Hospital-UllevalKirkeveien 166, post code?OsloNorway
| | - Patrick J. Riss
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OsloSem Sælands vei, 260371OsloNorway
- Norwegian Medical Cyclotron AS, RikshospitaletSognsvannsveien 20OsloNorway
- Clinical NeurosciencesOslo University Hospital-UllevalKirkeveien 166, post code?OsloNorway
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15
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Cohen Y, Rubin AE. A new strategy for durable control of late blight in potato by a single soil application of an oxathiapiprolin mixture in early season. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238148. [PMID: 32822425 PMCID: PMC7444534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Root treatment with oxathiapiprolin, benthiavalicarb or their mixture Zorvec-Endavia [ZE (3+7, w/w)] was shown to provide prolonged systemic protection against foliar oomycete pathogens attacking cucumber, tomato and basil. Here we report that these fungicides can effectively protect potato plants against late blight when applied to the soil in which such potato plants are grown. In two field experiments, performed in 2019 and 2020, potato plants grown in 64 L containers were treated with a soil drench of oxathiapiprolin, benthiavalicarb or ZE at 12.5, 25 or 50 mg ai/five plants in a container. Artificial inoculations with Phytophthora infestans revealed that such treated plants were protected against late blight in a dose-dependent manner all along the season. Interestingly, oxathiapiprolin persisted in the treated soil for at least 139 days, providing systemic protection against late blight to the following potato crops grown in that treated soils. Potato plants grown in loess soil in the field were either sprayed or drenched with ZE. Plants treated via the soil were significantly better protected against late blight compared to the plants treated by a spray. The data demonstrate a new strategy for season-long protection of potato against late blight by a single soil application of ZE. The systemic nature of oxathiapiprolin and benthiavalicarb composing ZE assures the translocation to the foliage of two fungicides with different modes of action. This shall minimize the risk of developing resistance against either fungicide in the treated crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigal Cohen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Avia E. Rubin
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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16
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Martins FA, Daré JK, Freitas MP. Theoretical study of fluorinated bioisosteres of organochlorine compounds as effective and eco-friendly pesticides. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 199:110679. [PMID: 32402896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlordane is a worldwide banned organochlorine insecticide because of its hazard to animal and human health. It is also a persistent organic pollutant, which can affect either the soil or the aquatic life. The same applies to other chlorinated cyclodiene insecticides, such as dieldrin and aldrin. In turn, organofluorine compounds have a widespread use in agriculture. Therefore, density functional calculations and docking studies showed that the bioisosteric replacement of chlorines in the above-mentioned compounds by fluorines improves some physicochemical parameters used to estimate the toxicity and environmental risk of these compounds, as well as the ligand-enzyme (GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex) interactions related to their insecticidal activity. This work is an effort to provide an improved new class of organofluorine pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Martins
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Joyce K Daré
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Matheus P Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
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17
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Shebley M, Polepally AR, Nader A, Ng JW, Winzenborg I, Klein CE, Noertersheuser P, Gibbs MA, Mostafa NM. Clinical Pharmacology of Elagolix: An Oral Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonist for Endometriosis. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 59:297-309. [PMID: 31749075 PMCID: PMC7051932 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-019-00840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The clinical pharmacology of elagolix was extensively evaluated in clinical studies in healthy subjects and in women with endometriosis. Elagolix pharmacokinetics (PK) show significant population variability, however they are minimally affected by patients' baseline characteristics and demographics, except for clinically relevant extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as coadministrated strong organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 inhibitors and severe hepatic impairment, which are contraindications for the use of elagolix. These studies enabled a comprehensive understanding of elagolix mechanism of action and the downstream pharmacodynamic (PD) effects on gonadotropin and ovarian hormones, as well as full characterization of the PK/PD (PKPD) relationships of elagolix at various dosages, including the approved 150 mg once daily and 200 mg twice daily dosing regimens for the management of moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis. Several model-based analyses have contributed to understanding of the benefit-risk profile of elagolix in patients with endometriosis, through characterization of the exposure relationship with responder rates, with changes in bone mineral density over time, as well as the interaction with coadministered drugs. Collectively, these studies and analyses served as supportive evidence for the effectiveness of the approved dosages and provided general dosing instructions of the first approved oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Shebley
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Akshanth R Polepally
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Ahmed Nader
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Juki W Ng
- Pharmaceutical Development, General Medicine, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Insa Winzenborg
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Cheri E Klein
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Peter Noertersheuser
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Megan A Gibbs
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Nael M Mostafa
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
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18
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Eid SA, El Massry M, Hichor M, Haddad M, Grenier J, Dia B, Barakat R, Boutary S, Chanal J, Aractingi S, Wiesel P, Szyndralewiez C, Azar ST, Boitard C, Zaatari G, Eid AA, Massaad C. Targeting the NADPH Oxidase-4 and Liver X Receptor Pathway Preserves Schwann Cell Integrity in Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2020; 69:448-464. [PMID: 31882567 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes triggers peripheral nerve alterations at a structural and functional level, collectively referred to as diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). This work highlights the role of the liver X receptor (LXR) signaling pathway and the cross talk with the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox4) in the pathogenesis of DPN. Using type 1 diabetic (T1DM) mouse models together with cultured Schwann cells (SCs) and skin biopsies from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), we revealed the implication of LXR and Nox4 in the pathophysiology of DPN. T1DM animals exhibit neurophysiological defects and sensorimotor abnormalities paralleled by defective peripheral myelin gene expression. These alterations were concomitant with a significant reduction in LXR expression and increase in Nox4 expression and activity in SCs and peripheral nerves, which were further verified in skin biopsies of patients with T2DM. Moreover, targeted activation of LXR or specific inhibition of Nox4 in vivo and in vitro to attenuate diabetes-induced ROS production in SCs and peripheral nerves reverses functional alteration of the peripheral nerves and restores the homeostatic profiles of MPZ and PMP22. Taken together, our findings are the first to identify novel, key mediators in the pathogenesis of DPN and suggest that targeting LXR/Nox4 axis is a promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSERM UMR 1124, University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed El Massry
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSERM UMR 1124, University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Mehdi Hichor
- INSERM UMR 1124, University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Mary Haddad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Julien Grenier
- INSERM UMR 1124, University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Batoul Dia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rasha Barakat
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Suzan Boutary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Johan Chanal
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Selim Aractingi
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sami T Azar
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christian Boitard
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ghazi Zaatari
- Department of Pathology, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Massaad
- INSERM UMR 1124, University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Paris, France
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19
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Archer DF, Ng J, Chwalisz K, Chiu YL, Feinberg EC, Miller CE, Feldman RA, Klein CE. Elagolix Suppresses Ovulation in a Dose-Dependent Manner: Results From a 3-Month, Randomized Study in Ovulatory Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5606934. [PMID: 31650182 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Elagolix is an oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist recently approved for the treatment of endometriosis-associated pain and being developed for heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effects of elagolix on ovulation and ovarian sex hormones. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a randomized, open-label, multicenter study. PARTICIPANTS Participants were healthy ovulatory women aged 18 to 40 years. INTERVENTIONS Elagolix was administered orally for 3 continuous 28-day dosing intervals at 100 to 200 mg once daily (QD), 100 to 300 mg twice daily (BID), and 300 mg BID plus estradiol/norethindrone acetate (E2/NETA) 1/0.5 mg QD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcomes measures were ovulation rates measured by transvaginal ultrasound, progesterone concentrations, and hormone suppression. RESULTS Elagolix suppressed ovulation in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage of women who ovulated was highest at 100 mg QD (78%), intermediate at 150 and 200 mg QD and 100 mg BID (47%-57%), and lowest at 200 and 300 mg BID (32% and 27%, respectively). Addition of E2/NETA to elagolix 300 mg BID further suppressed the ovulation rate to 10%. Elagolix also suppressed luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in a dose-dependent manner, leading to dose-dependent suppression of estradiol and progesterone. Elagolix had no effect on serum biomarker of ovarian reserve, and reduced endometrial thickness compared to the screening cycle. CONCLUSION Women being treated with elagolix may ovulate and should use effective methods of contraception. The rate of ovulation was lowest with elagolix 300 mg BID plus E2/NETA 1/0.5 mg QD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Archer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Juki Ng
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Data and Statistical Sciences, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eve C Feinberg
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Cheri E Klein
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
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Peng Q, Wang Z, Liu P, Liang Y, Zhao Z, Li W, Liu X, Xia Y. Oxathiapiprolin, a Novel Chemical Inducer Activates the Plant Disease Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1223. [PMID: 32059380 PMCID: PMC7072870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxathiapiprolin was developed as a specific plant pathogenic oomycete inhibitor, previously shown to have highly curative and protective activities against the pepper Phytophthora blight disease under field and greenhouse tests. Therefore, it was hypothesized that oxathiapiprolin might potentially activate the plant disease resistance against pathogen infections. This study investigated the potential and related mechanism of oxathiapiprolin to activate the plant disease resistance using the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) and plant Arabidopsis interaction as the targeted system. Our results showed that oxathiapiprolin could activate the plant disease resistance against Pst DC3000, a non-target pathogen of oxathiapiprolin, in Arabidopsis, tobacco, and tomato plants. Our results also showed the enhanced callose deposition and H2O2 accumulation in the oxathiapiprolin-treated Arabidopsis under the induction of flg22 as the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) treatment. Furthermore, increased levels of free salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were detected in the oxathiapiprolin-treated Arabidopsis plants compared to the mock-treated ones under the challenge of Pst DC3000. Besides, the gene expression results confirmed that at 24 h after the infiltration with Pst DC3000, the oxathiapiprolin-treated Arabidopsis plants had upregulated expression levels of the respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD), JA-responsive gene (PDF1.2), and SA-responsive genes (PR1, PR2, and PR5) compared to the control. Taken together, oxathiapiprolin is identified as a novel chemical inducer which activates the plant disease resistance against Pst DC3000 by enhancing the callose deposition, H2O2 accumulation, and hormone SA and JA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.P.); (Z.W.); (P.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.P.); (Z.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.P.); (Z.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Yinping Liang
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Wenhui Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.P.); (Z.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Ye Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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21
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Takanashi M, Kimura T, Li C, Tanaka M, Matsuhashi A, Yoshida H, Noda A, Xu P, Takase S, Okazaki S, Iizuka Y, Kumagai H, Ikeda Y, Gotoda T, Takahashi M, Yagyu H, Ishibashi S, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T, Liang G, Okazaki H. Critical Role of SREBP-1c Large-VLDL Pathway in Environment-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia of Apo AV Deficiency. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:373-386. [PMID: 30700132 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective- APOA5 variants are strongly associated with hypertriglyceridemia, as well as increased risks of cardiovascular disease and acute pancreatitis. Hypertriglyceridemia in apo AV dysfunction often aggravates by environmental factors such as high-carbohydrate diets or aging. To date, the molecular mechanisms by which these environmental factors induce hypertriglyceridemia are poorly defined, leaving the high-risk hypertriglyceridemia condition undertreated. Previously, we reported that LXR (liver X receptor)-SREBP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein)-1c pathway regulates large-VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) production induced by LXR agonist. However, the pathophysiological relevance of the finding remains unknown. Approach and Results- Here, we reconstitute the environment-induced hypertriglyceridemia phenotype of human APOA5 deficiency in Apoa5-/- mice and delineate the role of SREBP-1c in vivo by generating Apoa5-/- ;Srebp-1c-/- mice. The Apoa5-/- mice, which showed moderate hypertriglyceridemia on a chow diet, developed severe hypertriglyceridemia on high-carbohydrate feeding or aging as seen in patients with human apo AV deficiency. These responses were nearly completely abolished in the Apoa5-/- ;Srebp-1c-/- mice. Further mechanistic studies revealed that in response to these environmental factors, SREBP-1c was activated to increase triglyceride synthesis and to permit the incorporation of triglyceride into abnormally large-VLDL particles, which require apo AV for efficient clearance. Conclusions- Severe hypertriglyceridemia develops only when genetic factors (apo AV deficiency) and environmental effects (SREBP-1c activation) coexist. We demonstrate that the regulated production of large-sized VLDL particles via SREBP-1c determines plasma triglyceride levels in apo AV deficiency. Our findings explain the long-standing enigma of the late-onset hypertriglyceridemia phenotype of apo AV deficiency and suggest a new approach to treat hypertriglyceridemia by targeting genes that mediate environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Takanashi
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Chengcheng Li
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Ako Matsuhashi
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Akari Noda
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Pengfei Xu
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Satoru Takase
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Sachiko Okazaki
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Yoko Iizuka
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Hidetoshi Kumagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.K., Y. Ikeda), Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.K., Y. Ikeda), Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takanari Gotoda
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Manabu Takahashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan (Manabu Takahashi, S.I.)
| | - Hiroaki Yagyu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mito Medical Center, Tsukuba University Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan (H. Yagyu)
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan (Manabu Takahashi, S.I.)
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Guosheng Liang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.L., H.O.)
| | - Hiroaki Okazaki
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.L., H.O.)
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Zhang W, Sviripa VM, Kril LM, Yu T, Xie Y, Hubbard WB, Sullivan PG, Chen X, Zhan CG, Yang-Hartwich Y, Evers BM, Spear BT, Gedaly R, Watt DS, Liu C. An Underlying Mechanism of Dual Wnt Inhibition and AMPK Activation: Mitochondrial Uncouplers Masquerading as Wnt Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:11348-11358. [PMID: 31774672 PMCID: PMC7560992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The importance of upregulated Wnt signaling in colorectal cancers led to efforts to develop inhibitors that target β-catenin in this pathway. We now report that several "Wnt inhibitors" that allegedly target β-catenin actually function as mitochondrial proton uncouplers that independently activate AMPK and concomitantly inhibit Wnt signaling. As expected for a process in which mitochondrial uncoupling diminishes ATP production, a mitochondrial proton uncoupler, FCCP, and a glucose metabolic inhibitor, 2-DG, activated AMPK and inhibited Wnt signaling. Also consistent with these findings, a well-known "Wnt inhibitor", FH535, functioned as a proton uncoupler, and in support of this finding, the N-methylated analog, 2,5-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)benzenesulfonamide (FH535-M), was inactive as an uncoupler and Wnt inhibitor. Apart from suggesting an opportunity to develop dual Wnt inhibitors and AMPK activators, these findings provide a cautionary tale that claims for Wnt inhibition alone require scrutiny as possible mitochondrial proton uncouplers or inhibitors of the electron transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Vitaliy M. Sviripa
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Liliia M. Kril
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Tianxin Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Yanqi Xie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - W. Brad Hubbard
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Patrick G. Sullivan
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Yang Yang-Hartwich
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine LSOG 209, 375 Congress Avenue, New Haven CT 06510
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Brett T. Spear
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Roberto Gedaly
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Transplant Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - David S. Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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23
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Panigrahi K, Fei X, Kitamura M, Berkowitz DB. Rapid Entry into Biologically Relevant α,α-Difluoroalkylphosphonates Bearing Allyl Protection-Deblocking under Ru(II)/(IV)-Catalysis. Org Lett 2019; 21:9846-9851. [PMID: 31789041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A convenient synthetic route to α,α-difluoroalkylphosphonates is described. Structurally diverse aldehydes are condensed with LiF2CP(O)(OCH2CH═CH2)2. The resultant alcohols are captured as the pentafluorophenyl thionocarbonates and efficiently deoxygenated with HSnBu3, BEt3, and O2, and then smoothly deblocked with CpRu(IV)(π-allyl)quinoline-2-carboxylate (1-2 mol %) in methanol as an allyl cation scavenger. These mild deprotection conditions provide access to free α,α-difluoroalkylphosphonates in nearly quantitative yield. This methodology is used to rapidly construct new bis-α,α-difluoroalkyl phosphonate inhibitors of PTPIB (protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase-1B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Panigrahi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Xiang Fei
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Masato Kitamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - David B Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
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24
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He P, Smith A, Gelissen IC, Ammit AJ. The effect of statins and the synthetic LXR agonist T0901317 on expression of ABCA1 transporter protein in human lung epithelial cell lines in vitro. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1219-1226. [PMID: 31669886 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with dyslipidemia, an established co-morbidity. Statins treat hypercholesterolemia, but more recently have been trailed in the setting of COPD for their potential anti-inflammatory benefits. The outcomes of prospective trials however have been inconsistent. Thus, we hypothesize that the variation in results may have been due to statin-induced downregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), thereby reducing cholesterol export. This study aims to elucidate whether statin treatment in a cellular model of COPD leads to a decrease in ABCA1 protein expression. METHODS To mimic the inflammatory environment of COPD, two commonly used lung epithelial cell lines (BEAS-2B and A549) were treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and co-treated with cholesterol/25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH) to mimic dyslipidemia. ABCA1 protein was detected by Western Blotting. RESULTS We unexpectedly showed that statins did not affect ABCA1 expression. However, the LXR agonist T0901317 significantly increased ABCA1 expression in both cell lines, while TNF, cholesterol or 25-OH induced ABCA1 protein upregulation in BEAS-2B cells, indicating cell line differences in response. There was also evidence of synergistic impacts of combined treatments on ABCA1 upregulation in BEAS-2B cells. CONCLUSION Statins did not have an impact on ABCA1 expression in lung epithelial cell lines, disproving our original hypothesis. However, we showed for the first time, the effect of the inflammatory cytokine TNF, cholesterol/25-OH, statins and the LXR agonist T0901317 on expression of ABCA1 transporter protein in human lung epithelial cell lines in vitro. We hope that these in vitro studies may prove beneficial for addressing dyslipidemia in COPD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick He
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron Smith
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Alaina J Ammit
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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25
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Salas SE, Shepherd CP, Ngugi HK, Genet JL. Disease Control Attributes of Oxathiapiprolin Fungicides for Management of Cucurbit Downy Mildew. Plant Dis 2019; 103:2812-2820. [PMID: 31486739 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-19-0396-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxathiapiprolin, a novel oomycete fungicide recently registered by DuPont, was reported to have high intrinsic activity against cucurbit downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis). The goal of this study was to characterize disease control attributes of oxathiapiprolin-based fungicides critical to effective management of cucurbit downy mildew. In growth chamber and greenhouse studies, oxathiapiprolin-based fungicides were compared with mandipropamid, mefenoxam + mancozeb, fluopicolide + propamocarb, cymoxanil + mancozeb, and ametoctradin + dimethomorph products for pre- and postinfection activity, local systemic movement, and protection of new growth produced after fungicide application. In preventive application, oxathiapiprolin-based fungicides significantly (P < 0.0001) inhibited downy mildew development, with the highest level of disease observed being 0.4% compared with 86.7% observed for mandipropamid. When applied postinfection, oxathiapiprolin-based fungicides significantly (P < 0.0001) suppressed disease development, but disease control was reduced relative to that observed for preventive application. There was a significant effect of formulation on the postinfection activity of oxathiapiprolin, whereby the oil dispersion (OD) formulation was more inhibitory than the water-dispersible granule formulation (0.001 ≤ P ≤ 0.049). Disease severity on the outer half leaf portion protected from spray deposition during fungicide application was lower for oxathiapiprolin-based fungicides (1.6 to 6.6%) than observed for fluopicolide + propamocarb (10.9 to 23.7%), mefenoxam + mancozeb (40.3 to 51.4%), and the nontreated controls (83.3 to 84.9%), which indicates significant acropetal movement within the leaf. Postinfection applications of oxathiapiprolin-based formulations had the greatest effect on lesion growth and sporangia production compared with the other fungicides in the experiment. When applied preventively to rapidly growing plants in a greenhouse, oxathiapiprolin-based fungicides consistently protected new growth that was not present at the time of application, with the OD formulation reducing disease severity by >75% relative to nontreated plants. The practical implications of these observations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Salas
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, Newark, DE 19711, U.S.A
| | | | - Henry K Ngugi
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, Newark, DE 19711, U.S.A
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26
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L Calandrino R, J McAuliffe K, E Dolmage L, R Trivedi E. Synthesis of the C 3 and C 1 Constitutional Isomers of Trifluorosubphthalocyanine and Their Fluorescence within MDA-MB-231 Breast Tumor Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:E3832. [PMID: 31652970 PMCID: PMC6864546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal tetrapyrrole macrocycles such as porphyrins and chlorins are ubiquitous in nature. Synthetic analogs, including phthalocyanines, have found applications in medicine, particularly as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy and as fluorescent imaging probes. Tripyrrolic macrocycles, called subphthalocyanines (SPcs) with a smaller boron atom at their core, have similar potential as optical agents. We have recently reported a series of mixed fluorinated SPcs with varying aromaticity, showing that electronic absorption and emission are synthetically tunable across the far visible region, and that the inclusion of 4-12 peripheral fluorine atoms results in strong fluorescence within MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells. Further probing this system, we report herein the synthesis and characterization of boron trifluorosubphthalocyanine chloride (F3SPc). The constitutional isomers F3SPc(C3) and F3SPc(C1) are readily separable by chromatography, and their identity and purity have been confirmed by 1H NMR, 19F NMR, HR APCI-MS, and HPLC. Unsurprisingly, these structurally similar F3SPcs have identical electronic absorption (λmax = 557 nm; tetrahydrofuran (THF)) and emission (λem = 574 nm; Φf = 0.27-0.28; THF). Strong fluorescence from MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells was observed following treatment with F3SPc(C3) and F3SPc(C1) (50 µM F3SPc, 15 min), further highlighting the importance of even a limited number of peripheral fluorine atoms for this type of application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lauren E Dolmage
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
| | - Evan R Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
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Humann RM, Johnson KD, Wunsch MJ, Meyer SM, Jordahl JG, Bauske EC, Halvorson JM, Friskop AJ, O'Bryan KA, Gulya TJ, Markell SG. Evaluation of Oxathiapiprolin for the Management of Sunflower Downy Mildew. Plant Dis 2019; 103:2498-2504. [PMID: 31453746 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-18-2045-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew is a yield-limiting disease of sunflower, caused by the pathogen Plasmopara halstedii. Zoospore infection of root tissue shortly after planting results in systemic infection, causing postemergence damping off or severe stunting and head sterility. Although fungicide-applied seed treatments can be an effective management tool, the pathogen is resistant to phenylamide fungicides in many growing regions, and other available fungicides have limited efficacy. Oxathiapiprolin, the first member of the piperidinyl thiazole isoxazoline fungicides, was evaluated for efficacy on downy mildew in field trials conducted from 2011 to 2015 in North Dakota. Throughout the course of the study, the rate range was narrowed from active ingredient (a.i.) at 0.45 to 116.0 µg a.i. seed-1 to an optimal effective rate of 9.37 to 18.75 µg a.i. seed-1. Within that optimal range, the downy mildew incidence of sunflower planted with oxathiapiprolin-treated seed was significantly lower than the incidence in the nontreated sunflower in all 11 trials with disease pressure. Additionally, downy mildew incidence of sunflower planted with oxathiapiprolin-treated seed was significantly lower than sunflower planted with competitive commercially available fungicide-treated seed in 10 of those 11 trials. The use of oxathiapiprolin by sunflower growers is likely to reduce disease incidence and subsequent yield loss to downy mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J Wunsch
- North Dakota State University-Carrington Research Extension Center, Carrington, ND 58421
| | - Scott M Meyer
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - James G Jordahl
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Elizabeth C Bauske
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Jessica M Halvorson
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Andrew J Friskop
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | | | | | - Samuel G Markell
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
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Cohen Y, Rubin AE, Galperin M. Novel synergistic fungicidal mixtures of oxathiapiprolin protect sunflower seeds from downy mildew caused by Plasmopara halstedii. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222827. [PMID: 31545821 PMCID: PMC6756549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plenaris (oxathiapiprolin) applied to sunflower seedlings was highly effective in controlling downy mildew incited by the oomycete Plasmopara halstedii. In vitro assays revealed strong suppression of zoospore release and cystospore germination of P.halstedii by Plenaris. Bion (acibenzolar-S-methyl) and Apron (mefenoxam) were partially effective when used singly, but performed synergistically when mixed with Plenaris. Seed treatment (coating) with Plenaris provided dose-dependent control of the disease whereas Bion and Apron provided partial or poor control. However, seeds treated with mixtures containing reduced rates of Plenaris and full rates of Bion and/or Apron provided complete control of the disease due to the synergistic interaction between these components. Such mixtures should be used for seed treatment in the field to minimize selection pressure imposed on the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigal Cohen
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Avia E. Rubin
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Mariana Galperin
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Cha JY, Lee DY, Ali I, Jeong SY, Shin B, Ji H, Kim JS, Kim MG, Kim WY. Arabidopsis GIGANTEA negatively regulates chloroplast biogenesis and resistance to herbicide butafenacil. Plant Cell Rep 2019; 38:793-801. [PMID: 30968200 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis GI negatively regulates chloroplast biogenesis and resistance to the herbicide butafenacil by enhanced activity and transcriptional levels of antioxidant enzymes Chloroplast biogenesis is blocked by retrograde signaling triggered by diverse internal and external cues, including sugar, reactive oxygen species (ROS), phytohormones, and abiotic stress. Efficient chloroplast biogenesis is essential for crop productivity due to its effect on photosynthetic efficiency, and is associated with agronomic traits such as insect/disease resistance, herbicide resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we show that the circadian clock-controlled gene GIGANTEA (GI) regulates chloroplast biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. The gi-2 mutant showed reduced sensitivity to the chloroplast biogenesis inhibitor lincomycin, maintaining high levels of photosynthetic proteins. By contrast, wild-type and GI-overexpressing plants were sensitive to lincomycin, with variegated leaves and reduced photosynthetic protein levels. GI is degraded by lincomycin, suggesting that GI is genetically linked to chloroplast biogenesis. The GI mutant alleles gi-1 and gi-2 were resistant to the herbicide butafenacil, which inhibits protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase activity and triggers ROS-mediated cell death via the accumulation of chlorophyll precursors. Butafenacil-mediated accumulation of superoxide anions and H2O2 was not detected in gi-1 or gi-2, as revealed by histochemical staining. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase were 1.2-1.4-fold higher in both gi mutants compared to the wild type. Finally, the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes were 1.5-2-fold higher in the mutants than in the wild type. These results suggest that GI negatively regulates chloroplast biogenesis and resistance to the herbicide butafenacil, providing evidence for a genetic link between GI and chloroplast biogenesis, which could facilitate the development of herbicide-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Yeon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Imdad Ali
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Bobae Shin
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Ji
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Tawa M, Yamashita Y, Masuoka T, Nakano K, Yoshida J, Nishio M, Ishibashi T. Responsiveness of rat aorta and pulmonary artery to cGMP generators in the presence of thiol or heme oxidant. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 140:43-47. [PMID: 31036520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of thiol and heme oxidants on responsiveness to cGMP generators in isolated rat aorta and pulmonary artery using an organ chamber. The nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation was impaired by exposure to the thiol oxidant diamide in both the aorta and the pulmonary artery, whereas the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator BAY 41-2272- or the sGC activator BAY 60-2770-induced relaxation was not affected. The impairment by diamide of SNP-induced aortic and pulmonary arterial relaxation was completely restored by post-treatment with the thiol reductant dithiothreitol. However, regardless of the vessel type, the relaxant response to SNP or BAY 41-2272 was impaired by exposure to the heme oxidant ODQ, whereas the response to BAY 60-2770 was enhanced. The ODQ-induced effects were reversed partially by post-treatment with the heme reductant dithionite. These findings indicate that thiol oxidation attenuates only the vascular responsiveness to NO donors and that heme oxidation attenuates the responsiveness to NO donors and sGC stimulators but augments that to sGC activators. Therefore, under oxidative stress, the order of usability of the vasodilators is suggested to be: NO donors < sGC stimulators < sGC activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Yuka Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Masuoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Junko Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Matomo Nishio
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takaharu Ishibashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
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Jubinville É, Routhier J, Maranda-Robitaille M, Pineault M, Milad N, Talbot M, Beaulieu MJ, Aubin S, Paré MÈ, Laplante M, Morissette MC. Pharmacological activation of liver X receptor during cigarette smoke exposure adversely affects alveolar macrophages and pulmonary surfactant homeostasis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L669-L678. [PMID: 30702343 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00482.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking alters pulmonary reverse lipid transport and leads to intracellular lipid accumulation in alveolar macrophages. We investigated whether stimulating reverse lipid transport with an agonist of the liver X receptor (LXR) would help alveolar macrophages limit lipid accumulation and dampen lung inflammation in response to cigarette smoke. Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke and treated intraperitoneally with the LXR agonist T0901317. Expression of lipid capture and lipid export genes was assessed in lung tissue and alveolar macrophages. Pulmonary inflammation was assessed in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Finally, cholesterol efflux capacity and pulmonary surfactant levels were determined. In room air-exposed mice, T0901317 increased the expression of lipid export genes in macrophages and the whole lung and increased cholesterol efflux capacity without inducing inflammation or affecting the pulmonary surfactant. However, cigarette smoke-exposed mice treated with T0901317 showed a marked increase in BAL neutrophils, IL-1α, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor levels. T0901317 treatment in cigarette smoke-exposed mice failed to increase the ability of alveolar macrophages to export cholesterol and markedly exacerbated IL-1α release. Finally, T0901317 led to pulmonary surfactant depletion only in cigarette smoke-exposed mice. This study shows that hyperactivation of LXR and the associated lipid capture/export mechanisms only have minor pulmonary effects on the normal lung. However, in the context of cigarette smoke exposure, where the pulmonary surfactant is constantly oxidized, hyperactivation of LXR has dramatic adverse effects, once again showing the central role of lipid homeostasis in the pulmonary response to cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Jubinville
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
| | - Joanie Routhier
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
| | | | - Marie Pineault
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
| | - Nadia Milad
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
| | - Maude Talbot
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Beaulieu
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
| | - Sophie Aubin
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Paré
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu C Morissette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
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Fukuda H, Kawamoto M, Yuge O, Fujii K. A Comparison of the Effects of Prolonged (>10 Hour) Low-flow Sevoflurane, High-flow Sevoflurane, and Low-flow Isoflurane Anaesthesia on Hepatorenal Function in Orthopaedic Patients. Anaesth Intensive Care 2019; 32:210-8. [PMID: 15957718 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x0403200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of low-flow sevoflurane, high-flow sevoflurane and low-flow isoflurane on hepatorenal function during and after more than 10 hours of anaesthesia. Twenty-five patients scheduled for elective orthopaedic surgery were categorized into three groups; low-flow sevoflurane (fresh gas flow at 1 litre/min, n=9), high-flow sevoflurane (5 l/min, n=7), or low-flow isoflurane (1 l/min, n=9). Inspiratory compound A concentrations were measured. The groups had similar duration of anaesthesia and exposure to anaesthetic agents. The area under the curve of concentration (mean, SD) of compound A in the low-flow sevoflurane group (359.8, 106.1 ppm.h) was greater than that in the high-flow sevoflurane group (61.1, 29.3 ppm.h; P<0.01). All groups showed normal plasma creatinine and creatinine clearance, and transient postoperative increases in plasma alanine aminotrans-ferase and alpha glutathione-S-transferase, as well as urinary glucose and alpha glutathione-S-transferase, with no significant differences between groups. There were no significant relationships between the area under the curve of concentration of compound A and the biomarkers. These findings suggest that prolonged anaesthesia with low-flow sevoflurane has similar effects on hepatorenal function to prolonged anaesthesia with high-flow sevoflurane and low-flow isoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fukuda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Miao J, Chi Y, Lin D, Tyler BM, Liu X. Mutations in ORP1 Conferring Oxathiapiprolin Resistance Confirmed by Genome Editing using CRISPR/Cas9 in Phytophthora capsici and P. sojae. Phytopathology 2018; 108:1412-1419. [PMID: 29979095 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-18-0010-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxathiapiprolin is a novel fungicide that was recently registered in a number of countries to control plant-pathogenic oomycetes such as Phytophthora capsici. In our previous study, point mutations G770V and G839W in oxysterol binding protein-related protein 1 (ORP1) were detected in oxathiapiprolin-resistant P. capsici isolates (PcORP1). Here, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to verify the effects of these two point mutations on P. capsici phenotypes. Transformants containing heterozygous G770V and G839W mutations in PcORP1 showed high levels of oxathiapiprolin resistance. The G770V transformants showed otherwise similar phenotypes compared with the wild-type isolate BYA5, including sporangia and zoospore production, cyst germination, and pathogenicity. However, two independent transformants with heterozygous G839W mutations in PcORP1 could not produce sporangia. Three transformants with an unexpected point mutation in PcORP1 (ΔN837) showed high oxathiapiprolin resistance, and either similar or significantly reduced fitness compared with BYA5. The same deletion (ΔN837) was confirmed to confer oxathiapiprolin resistance in P. sojae by using CRISPR/Cas9. These homozygous P. sojae mutants also showed either similar or strongly reduced fitness compared with the wild-type parent isolate P6497. These results improve our understanding of oxathiapiprolin resistance in Phytophthora spp., and will be useful for the development of novel oxysterol-binding protein homolog inhibitor fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Miao
- First and fifth authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; first, second, third, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; and first and fourth authors: Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - Yuandong Chi
- First and fifth authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; first, second, third, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; and first and fourth authors: Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - Dong Lin
- First and fifth authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; first, second, third, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; and first and fourth authors: Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - Brett M Tyler
- First and fifth authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; first, second, third, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; and first and fourth authors: Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - Xili Liu
- First and fifth authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; first, second, third, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; and first and fourth authors: Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
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Agatz A, Schumann MM, French BW, Brown CD, Vidal S. Assessment of acute toxicity tests and rhizotron experiments to characterize lethal and sublethal control of soil-based pests. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:2450-2459. [PMID: 29575759 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterizing lethal and sublethal control of soil-based pests with plant protection products is particularly challenging due to the complex and dynamic interplay of the system components. Here, we present two types of studies: acute toxcity experiments (homogenous exposure of individuals in soil) and rhizotron experiments (heterogeneous exposure of individuals in soil) to investigate their ability to strengthen our understanding of mechanisms driving the effectivness of the plant protection product. Experiments were conducted using larvae of the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera LeConte and three pesticide active ingredients: clothianidin (neonicotinoid), chlorpyrifos (organophosphate) and tefluthrin (pyrethroid). RESULTS The order of compound concentrations needed to invoke a specific effect intensity (EC50 values) within the acute toxicity tests was chlorpyrifos > tefluthrin > clothianidin. This order changed for the rhizotron experiments because application type, fate and transport of the compounds in the soil profile, and sublethal effects on larvae also influence their effectiveness in controlling larval feeding on corn roots. CONCLUSION Beyond the pure measurement of efficacy through observing relative changes in plant injury to control plants, the tests generate mechanistic understanding for drivers of efficacy apart from acute toxicity. The experiments have the potential to enhance efficacy testing and product development, and might be useful tools for assessing resistance development in the future. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Agatz
- Environment Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - Mario M Schumann
- Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bryan W French
- United States Department of Agriculture, North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Brookings, USA
| | - Colin D Brown
- Environment Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - Stefan Vidal
- Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Jin P, Bian Y, Wang K, Cong G, Yan R, Sha Y, Ma X, Zhou J, Yuan Z, Jia S. Homocysteine accelerates atherosclerosis via inhibiting LXRα-mediated ABCA1/ABCG1-dependent cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Life Sci 2018; 214:41-50. [PMID: 30393020 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Macrophage-derived foam-cell formation plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis, and liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) is a key regulator of lipid metabolism in macrophages. Homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis; however, the regulation of lipid metabolism and role of LXRα induced by Hcy in macrophages is still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of Hcy in disordered lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic lesions, especially the effects of Hcy on cholesterol efflux in macrophages and the possible mechanisms. MAIN METHODS In vitro, lipid accumulation and cholesterol efflux were evaluated in THP-1 macrophages with Hcy intervention. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were used to assess mRNA and protein levels. In vivo, atherosclerotic lesions and lipid profiles were evaluated by methionine diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in ApoE-/- mice. The LXRα agonist T0901317 was used to verify the role of LXRα in HHcy-accelerated atherosclerosis. KEY FINDINGS Hcy promoted lipid accumulation and inhibited cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophages. HHcy mice showed increased lesion area and lipid accumulation in plaque. Both studies in vitro and in vivo showed decreased expression of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1). T0901317 treatment increased ABCA1 and ABCG1 levels; reversed macrophage-derived foam-cell formation in THP-1 macrophages and reduced atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice. SIGNIFICANCE Inhibition of LXRα-mediated ABCA1/ABCG1-dependent cholesterol efflux from macrophages is a novel mechanism in Hcy-accelerated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Yitong Bian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Heart Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Guangzhi Cong
- Heart Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Ru Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Yong Sha
- Heart Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Xueping Ma
- Heart Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shaobin Jia
- Heart Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China.
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Lin YN, Chang HY, Wang CCN, Chu FY, Shen HY, Chen CJ, Lim YP. Oleanolic Acid Inhibits Liver X Receptor Alpha and Pregnane X Receptor to Attenuate Ligand-Induced Lipogenesis. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:10964-10976. [PMID: 30351048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptor α (LXRα) controls important biological and pathophysiological processes such as lipid homeostasis. Inhibiting LXRα transactivation may beneficial in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is one of the main causes of liver diseases and hyperlipidemia. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid found in many plants. It has several beneficial effects on biological pathways; however, the mechanisms underlying its effects on LXRα are unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of OA on T0901317-induced LXRα activation and explored whether OA can attenuate hepatic lipogenesis. The results showed that OA significantly decreased the promoter activities of LXR response element and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). It also decreased the mRNA and protein expression of LXRα target genes. These resulted in reduced hepatocellular lipid content. Our results also revealed that the overall binding pose of OA is similar to the X-ray pose of T0901317. Furthermore, OA stimulated AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in hepatic cells. Additionally, it increased small heterodimer partner-interacting leucine zipper protein (SMILE) but decreased steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) recruitment to the SREBP-1c promoter region. OA also enhanced LXRα-mediated induction of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT)-related gene, ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1, and ABCG1 expression in intestinal cells. It was found that OA increased the binding of SRC-1 but decreased SMILE recruitment to the ABCG1 gene promoter region. Furthermore, it reduced valproate- and rifampin-induced LXRα- and pregnane X receptor-mediated lipogenesis, respectively, which indicates its potential benefit in treating drug-induced hepatic steatosis. The results also show that OA is liver-specific and can be selectively repressed of lipogenesis. Moreover, it preserves and enhances LXRα-induced RCT stimulation. The results show that OA may be a promising treatment for NAFLD. Additionally, it can be used in the development of LXRα agonists to prevent atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ning Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Chang
- Department of Biotechnology , Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Charles C N Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering , Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yi Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ping Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
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Cohen Y, Rubin AE, Galperin M. Oxathiapiprolin-based fungicides provide enhanced control of tomato late blight induced by mefenoxam-insensitive Phytophthora infestans. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204523. [PMID: 30260986 PMCID: PMC6160094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxathiapiprolin is a new fungicide with extremely high efficacy against oomycete plant pathogens. Solo components oxathiapiprolin (OXPT), chlorothalonil (CHT), azoxystrobin (AZ), mandipropamid (MPD), and mefenoxam (MFX) were compared with each other and with four oxathiapiprolin pre-packed fungicidal mixtures, OXPT+CHT 1+66.7, OXPT+AZ 1+10.3, OXPT+MPD 1+8.3, and OXPT+MFX 1+3 (weight active ingredient ratio), for control efficacy of late blight induced by MFX-insensitive Phytophthora infestans strains in tomato in growth chambers and the field. Mixtures performed better than all partner fungicides alone, except OXPT. Of the four mixtures, OXPT+MFX outperformed, with the highest preventive, curative, translaminar, and systemic efficacies. In the field, OXPT+MFX was superior to other fungicides in controlling late blight epidemics induced by MFX-insensitive isolates. Its deployment in the field will combat the dominating MFX-insensitive isolates, reduce the selection pressure imposed on P. infestans and delay the buildup of subpopulations resistant to oxathiapiprolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigal Cohen
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Avia Evgenia Rubin
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Mariana Galperin
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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38
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Xu Y, Hernández-Ledezma JJ, Hutchison SM, Bogan RL. The liver X receptors and sterol regulatory element binding proteins alter progesterone secretion and are regulated by human chorionic gonadotropin in human luteinized granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 473:124-135. [PMID: 29366778 PMCID: PMC6045446 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is increased expression of liver x receptor (LXR) target genes and reduced low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) during spontaneous luteolysis in primates. The LXRs are nuclear receptors that increase cholesterol efflux by inducing transcription of their target genes. Transcription of LDLR is regulated by sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) prevents luteolysis and stimulates progesterone synthesis via protein kinase A (PKA). Thus, our primary objectives are: 1) Determine the effects of LXR activation and SREBP inhibition on progesterone secretion and cholesterol metabolism, and 2) Determine whether hCG signaling via PKA regulates transcription of LXR and SREBP target genes in human luteinized granulosa cells. Basal and hCG-stimulated progesterone secretion was significantly decreased by the combined actions of the LXR agonist T0901317 and the SREBP inhibitor fatostatin, which was associated with reduced intracellular cholesterol storage. Expression of LXR target genes in the presence of T0901317 was significantly reduced by hCG, while hCG promoted transcriptional changes that favor LDL uptake. These effects of hCG were reversed by a specific PKA inhibitor. A third objective was to resolve a dilemma concerning LXR regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) expression in primate and non-primate steroidogenic cells. T0901317 induced STAR expression and progesterone synthesis in ovine, but not human cells, revealing a key difference between species in LXR regulation of luteal function. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that LXR-induced cholesterol efflux and reduced LDL uptake via SREBP inhibition mediates luteolysis in primates, which is prevented by hCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Xu
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - José J Hernández-Ledezma
- Reproductive Health Center, Tucson, AZ, USA; Fertilite ART Clinic Hospital, Angeles-Tijuana, BC, Mexico
| | - Scot M Hutchison
- Reproductive Health Center, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Randy L Bogan
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Nahon JE, Groeneveldt C, Geerling JJ, van Eck M, Hoekstra M. Inhibition of protein arginine methyltransferase 3 activity selectively impairs liver X receptor-driven transcription of hepatic lipogenic genes in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3175-3183. [PMID: 29774529 PMCID: PMC6031883 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Agonists for the liver X receptor (LXR) are considered promising therapeutic moieties in cholesterol-driven diseases by promoting cellular cholesterol efflux pathways. However, current clinical application of these agents is hampered by concomitant LXR-induced activation of a lipogenic transcriptional network, leading to hepatic steatosis. Recent studies have suggested that protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) may act as a selective co-activator of LXR activity. Here, we verified the hypothesis that PRMT3 inhibition selectively disrupts the ability of LXR to stimulate lipogenesis while maintaining its capacity to modulate macrophage cholesterol homeostasis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A combination of the LXR agonist T0901317 and palm oil was administered to C57BL/6 mice to maximally stimulate LXR and PRMT3 activity. PRMT3 activity was inhibited using the allosteric inhibitor SGC707. KEY RESULTS Treatment with SGC707 did not negatively influence the T0901317/palm oil-induced up-regulation of the cholesterol efflux ATP-binding cassette transporter genes, ABCA1 and ABCG1, in peritoneal cells. In contrast, SGC707 treatment was associated with a significant decrease in the hepatic expression of the lipogenic gene fatty acid synthase (-64%). A similar trend was observed for stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase and acetyl CoA carboxylase expression (-43%; -56%). This obstruction of lipogenic gene transcription coincided with a significant 2.3-fold decrease in liver triglyceride content as compared with the T0901317 and palm oil-treated control group. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We showed that inhibition of PRMT3 activity by SGC707 treatment selectively impairs LXR-driven transcription of hepatic lipogenic genes, while the positive effect of LXR stimulation on macrophage cholesterol efflux pathways is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joya E Nahon
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christianne Groeneveldt
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janine J Geerling
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda van Eck
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Miao J, Dong X, Chi Y, Lin D, Chen F, Du Y, Liu P, Liu X. Pseudoperonospora cubensis in China: Its sensitivity to and control by oxathiapiprolin. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2018; 147:96-101. [PMID: 29933999 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The novel fungicide oxathiapiprolin has potential for the control of downy mildew of cucumber, which is caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis. In this study, an in vitro bioassay with detached leaves was used to determine the baseline sensitivity to oxathiapiprolin for 77 Ps. cubensis isolates from 11 provinces in China. The baseline sensitivity curve was continuous, and the average EC50 value was 2.23 × 10-4 μg ml-1. In field trials, the control of downy mildew of cucumber was greater with oxathiapiprolin at 20 or 30 g a.i. ha-1 than with dimethomorph at 262.5 g a.i. ha-1. Oxathiapiprolin was taken up by cucumber roots and transported upwards to stems and leaves. The full length of PscORP1, the gene that encodes the target protein of oxathiapiprolin in Ps. cubensis, was sequenced for the first time. Our results suggested that oxathiapiprolin will be an excellent alternative fungicide for control of cucumber downy mildew. However, as Ps. cubensis is a high-risk pathogen, resistance development to oxathiapiprolin should be monitored and managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Miao
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yuandong Chi
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Furu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian 350003, PR China
| | - Yixin Du
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian 350003, PR China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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41
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Jayanth A. Qvar for Treatment of Chronic Asthma. Am Fam Physician 2018; 97:538-539. [PMID: 29671500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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42
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Dresselhaus E, Duerr JM, Vincent F, Sylvain EK, Beyna M, Lanyon LF, LaChapelle E, Pettersson M, Bales KR, Ramaswamy G. Class I HDAC inhibition is a novel pathway for regulating astrocytic apoE secretion. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194661. [PMID: 29579087 PMCID: PMC5868809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the important role of apolipoprotein E (apoE) secretion from astrocytes in brain lipid metabolism and the strong association of apoE4, one of the human apoE isoforms, with sporadic and late onset forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) little is known about the regulation of astrocytic apoE. Utilizing annotated chemical libraries and a phenotypic screening strategy that measured apoE secretion from a human astrocytoma cell line, inhibition of pan class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) was identified as a mechanism to increase apoE secretion. Knocking down select HDAC family members alone or in combination revealed that inhibition of the class I HDAC family was responsible for enhancing apoE secretion. Knocking down LXRα and LXRβ genes revealed that the increase in astrocytic apoE in response to HDAC inhibition occurred via an LXR-independent pathway. Collectively, these data suggest that pan class I HDAC inhibition is a novel pathway for regulating astrocytic apoE secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Dresselhaus
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James M. Duerr
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fabien Vincent
- Hit Discovery and Lead Profiling, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Emily K. Sylvain
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mercedes Beyna
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lorraine F. Lanyon
- Hit Discovery and Lead Profiling, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Erik LaChapelle
- Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Martin Pettersson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelly R. Bales
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GR); (KRB)
| | - Gayathri Ramaswamy
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GR); (KRB)
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Calles-Torrez V, Knodel JJ, Boetel MA, Doetkott CD, Podliska KK, Ransom JK, Beauzay P, French BW, Fuller BW. Transgenic Bt Corn, Soil Insecticide, and Insecticidal Seed Treatment Effects on Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Beetle Emergence, Larval Feeding Injury, and Corn Yield in North Dakota. J Econ Entomol 2018; 111:348-360. [PMID: 29186516 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Northern, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and western, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), corn rootworms are economic pests of corn, Zea mays L. in North America. We measured the impacts of corn hybrids incorporated with Cry3Bb1, Cry34/35Ab1, and pyramided (Cry3Bb1 + Cry34/35Ab1) Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) proteins, tefluthrin soil insecticide, and clothianidin insecticidal seed treatment on beetle emergence, larval feeding injury, and corn yield at five locations from 2013 to 2015 in eastern North Dakota. In most cases, emergence was significantly lower in Bt-protected corn than in non-Bt corn hybrids. Exceptions included Wyndmere, ND (2013), where D. barberi emergence from Cry34/35Ab1 plots was not different from that in the non-Bt hybrid, and Arthur, ND (2013), where D. v. virgifera emergence from Cry3Bb1 plots did not differ from that in the non-Bt hybrid. Bt hybrids generally produced increased grain yield compared with non-Bt corn where rootworm densities were high, and larval root-feeding injury was consistently lower in Bt-protected plots than in non-Bt corn. The lowest overall feeding injury and emergence levels occurred in plots planted with the Cry3Bb1 + Cry34/35Ab1 hybrid. Time to 50% cumulative emergence of both species was 5-7 d later in Bt-protected than in non-Bt hybrids. Tefluthrin and clothianidin were mostly inconsequential in relation to beetle emergence and larval root injury. Our findings could suggest that some North Dakota populations could be in early stages of increased tolerance to some Bt toxins; however, Bt corn hybrids currently provide effective protection against rootworm injury in eastern North Dakota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet J Knodel
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Dept. 7660, Fargo, ND
| | - Mark A Boetel
- Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Dept. 7650, Fargo, ND
| | - Curt D Doetkott
- Statistical Consulting Services, North Dakota State University, Dept. 4500, Fargo, ND
| | - Kellie K Podliska
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Dept. 7670, Fargo, ND
| | - Joel K Ransom
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Dept. 7670, Fargo, ND
| | - Patrick Beauzay
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Dept. 7660, Fargo, ND
| | - B Wade French
- North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Brookings, SD
| | - Billy W Fuller
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
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Weyhing-Zerrer N, Kalb R, Oßmer R, Rossmanith P, Mester P. Evidence of a reverse side-chain effect of tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate [FAP]-based ionic liquids against pathogenic bacteria. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 148:467-472. [PMID: 29102907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased interest in ionic liquids (ILs) is due to their designable and tunable unique physicochemical properties, which are utilized for a wide variety of chemical and biotechnological applications. ILs containing the tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([FAP]) anion have been shown to have excellent hydrolytic, electrochemical and thermal stability and have been successfully used in various applications. In the present study the influence of the cation on the toxicity of the [FAP] anion was investigated. Due to the properties of [FAP] ILs, the IL-toxicity of seven cations with [FAP] compared to [Cl] was examined by determination of minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) on six Gram-positive and six Gram-negative clinically-relevant bacteria. For the first time, to our knowledge, the results provide evidence for a decrease in toxicity with increasing alkyl side-chain length, indicating that the combination of both ions is responsible for this 'reverse side-chain effect'. These findings could portend development of new non-toxic ILs as green alternatives to conventional organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland Kalb
- Proionic GmbH, Parkring 18, 8074 Grambach, Austria
| | - Rolf Oßmer
- Merck KGaA, Life Science, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Peter Rossmanith
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Monitoring of Microbial Contaminants, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Mester
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Monitoring of Microbial Contaminants, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Guo Y, Yuan W, Yu B, Kuai R, Hu W, Morin EE, Garcia-Barrio MT, Zhang J, Moon JJ, Schwendeman A, Eugene Chen Y. Synthetic High-Density Lipoprotein-Mediated Targeted Delivery of Liver X Receptors Agonist Promotes Atherosclerosis Regression. EBioMedicine 2018; 28:225-233. [PMID: 29361501 PMCID: PMC5835545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting at enhancing reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is apromising strategy for treating atherosclerosis via infusion of reconstitute high density lipoprotein (HDL) as cholesterol acceptors or increase of cholesterol efflux by activation of macrophage liver X receptors (LXRs). However, systemic activation of LXRs triggers excessive lipogenesis in the liver and infusion of HDL downregulates cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Here we describe an enlightened strategy using phospholipid reconstituted apoA-I peptide (22A)-derived synthetic HDL (sHDL) to deliver LXR agonists to the atheroma and examine their effect on atherosclerosis regression in vivo. A synthetic LXR agonist, T0901317 (T1317) was encapsulated in sHDL nanoparticles (sHDL-T1317). Similar to the T1317 compound, the sHDL-T1317 nanoparticles upregulated the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters and increased cholesterol efflux in macrophages in vitro and in vivo. The sHDL nanoparticles accumulated in the atherosclerotic plaques of ApoE-deficient mice. Moreover, a 6-week low-dose LXR agonist-sHDL treatment induced atherosclerosis regression while avoiding lipid accumulation in the liver. These findings identify LXR agonist loaded sHDL nanoparticles as a promising therapeutic approach to treat atherosclerosis by targeting RCT in a multifaceted manner: sHDL itself serving as both a drug carrier and cholesterol acceptor and the LXR agonist mediating upregulation of ABC transporters in the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Wenmin Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Bilian Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Rui Kuai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Wenting Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Emily E Morin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | | | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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Kaseda R, Tsuchida Y, Yang HC, Yancey PG, Zhong J, Tao H, Bian A, Fogo AB, Linton MRF, Fazio S, Ikizler TA, Kon V. Chronic kidney disease alters lipid trafficking and inflammatory responses in macrophages: effects of liver X receptor agonism. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:17. [PMID: 29374468 PMCID: PMC5787279 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-0814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to evaluate lipid trafficking and inflammatory response of macrophages exposed to lipoproteins from subjects with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to investigate the potential benefits of activating cellular cholesterol transporters via liver X receptor (LXR) agonism. METHODS LDL and HDL were isolated by sequential density gradient ultracentrifugation of plasma from patients with stage 3-4 CKD and individuals without kidney disease (HDLCKD and HDLCont, respectively). Uptake of LDL, cholesterol efflux to HDL, and cellular inflammatory responses were assessed in human THP-1 cells. HDL effects on inflammatory markers (MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β), Toll-like receptors-2 (TLR-2) and - 4 (TLR-4), ATP-binding cassette class A transporter (ABCA1), NF-κB, extracellular signal regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) were assessed by RT-PCR and western blot before and after in vitro treatment with an LXR agonist. RESULTS There was no difference in macrophage uptake of LDL isolated from CKD versus controls. By contrast, HDCKD was significantly less effective than HDLCont in accepting cholesterol from cholesterol-enriched macrophages (median 20.8% [IQR 16.1-23.7] vs control (26.5% [IQR 19.6-28.5]; p = 0.008). LXR agonist upregulated ABCA1 expression and increased cholesterol efflux to HDL of both normal and CKD subjects, although the latter continued to show lower efflux capacity. HDLCKD increased macrophage cytokine response (TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1β, and NF-κB) versus HDLCont. The heightened cytokine response to HDLCKD was further amplified in cells treated with LXR agonist. The LXR-augmentation of inflammation was associated with increased TLR-2 and TLR-4 and ERK1/2. CONCLUSIONS Moderate to severe impairment in kidney function promotes foam cell formation that reflects impairment in cholesterol acceptor function of HDLCKD. Activation of cellular cholesterol transporters by LXR agonism improves but does not normalize efflux to HDLCKD. However, LXR agonism actually increases the pro-inflammatory effects of HDLCKD through activation of TLRs and ERK1/2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kaseda
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, C-4204 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232-2584 USA
| | - Yohei Tsuchida
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, C-4204 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232-2584 USA
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, C-4204 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232-2584 USA
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | | | - Jianyong Zhong
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, C-4204 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232-2584 USA
| | - Huan Tao
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Aihua Bian
- Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Agnes B. Fogo
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, C-4204 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232-2584 USA
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Mac Rae F. Linton
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, Portland USA
| | | | - Valentina Kon
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, C-4204 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232-2584 USA
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Han D, Li X, Li S, Su T, Fan L, Fan WS, Qiao HY, Chen JW, Fan MM, Li XJ, Wang YB, Ma S, Qiu Y, Tian ZH, Cao F. Reduced silent information regulator 1 signaling exacerbates sepsis-induced myocardial injury and mitigates the protective effect of a liver X receptor agonist. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:291-303. [PMID: 28993270 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial injury and dysfunction are critical manifestations of sepsis. Previous studies have reported that liver X receptor (LXR) activation is protective during sepsis. However, whether LXR activation protects against septic heart injury and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study was designed to determine the role of LXR activation in the septic heart with a focus on SIRT1 (silent information regulator 1) signaling. Male cardiac-specific SIRT1 knockout mice (SIRT1-/-) and their wild-type littermates were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in the presence or absence of LXR agonist T0901317. The survival rate of mice was recorded during the 7-day period post CLP. Our results demonstrated that SIRT1-/- mice suffered from exacerbated mortality and myocardial injury in comparison with their wild-type littermates. Meanwhile, T0901317 treatment improved mice survival, accompanied by significant ameliorations of myocardial injury and dysfunction in wild-type mice but not in SIRT1-/- mice. Furthermore, the levels of myocardial inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, MPO and HMGB1), oxidative stress (ROS generation, MDA), endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress (protein levels of CHOP, GRP78, GRP94, IRE1α, and ATF6), and cardiac apoptosis following CLP were inhibited by T0901317 treatment in wild-type mice but not in SIRT1-/- mice. Mechanistically, T0901317 enhanced SIRT1 signaling and the subsequent deacetylation and activation of antioxidative FoxO1 and anti-ER stress HSF1, as well as the deacetylation and inhibition of pro-inflammatory NF-ΚB and pro-apoptotic P53, thereby alleviating sepsis-induced myocardial injury and dysfunction. Our data support the promise of LXR activation as an effective strategy for relieving heart septic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiang Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China, 610083
| | - Tao Su
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Li Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wen-Si Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Hong-Yu Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jiang-Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Miao-Miao Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ya-Bin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ya Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zu-Hong Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Feng Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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Toribio M, Park MH, Zanni MV, Robbins GK, Burdo TH, Williams KC, Feldpausch MN, Stone L, Melbourne K, Grinspoon SK, Fitzgerald ML. HDL Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Newly Diagnosed HIV and Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4250-4259. [PMID: 28945911 PMCID: PMC5673269 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In the general population, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol efflux capacity (HCEC) relates inversely to incident cardiovascular events. Previous studies have suggested that HCEC is decreased in HIV and that antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation might improve HCEC. OBJECTIVE To evaluate HCEC in the context of ART initiation and immune activation in HIV. DESIGN AND OUTCOME MEASURES Baseline HCEC from 10 ART-naive HIV-infected males and 12 prospectively matched non-HIV-infected males were analyzed. In the HIV cohort, HCEC 6 months after elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (E/C/F/TDF) therapy was evaluated. HCEC served as the primary outcome and was measured by the ability of J774 mouse macrophages to efflux cholesterol. Our ex vivo assay used two cholesterol acceptors [apolipoprotein B (apoB)-depleted sera or purified HDL] and modulation of cellular efflux pathways using a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist. RESULTS The median age was 34 years [interquartile range (IQR), 27 to 51], and baseline HDL was 46 mg/dL (IQR, 38 to 61). HCEC was significantly greater in the non-HIV-infected subjects than in the HIV-infected subjects at baseline. HCEC, assessed using apoB-depleted sera, significantly increased after ART (no LXR agonist, baseline: median, 8.1%; IQR, 7.0% to 11.9%; after ART: median, 12.9%; IQR, 10.4% to 21.1%; P = 0.006; LXR agonist, baseline, 1.3% ± 1.3%; after ART, 2.5% ± 1.0%; P = 0.02), although not to the levels in the non-HIV-infected subjects (no LXR agonist: median, 14.9%; IQR, 11.5% to 19.1%; LXR agonist: 5.8% ± 1.3%). HCEC, assessed using purified HDL, did not significantly increase after ART. The change in HCEC with ART related inversely to the change in the percentage of CD14-CD16+ (nonclassical) monocytes (ρ = -0.74, P = 0.04) and directly to the change in the percentage of CD14+CD16- (classical) monocytes (ρ = 0.72, P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest improvement of HCEC with E/C/F/TDF and a relationship between the ART-induced decrease in immune activation and ART-induced improvement in HCEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Toribio
- Program in Nutritional Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Min Hi Park
- Lipid Metabolism Unit/Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Markella V Zanni
- Program in Nutritional Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Gregory K Robbins
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Tricia H Burdo
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
| | - Kenneth C Williams
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
| | - Meghan N Feldpausch
- Program in Nutritional Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Lauren Stone
- Program in Nutritional Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | | | - Steven K Grinspoon
- Program in Nutritional Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Michael L Fitzgerald
- Lipid Metabolism Unit/Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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49
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Sadleir RJ, Fu F, Falgas C, Holland S, Boggess M, Grant SC, Woo EJ. Direct detection of neural activity in vitro using magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT). Neuroimage 2017; 161:104-119. [PMID: 28818695 PMCID: PMC5696120 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a sequence of experiments performed in vitro to verify the existence of a new magnetic resonance imaging contrast - Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography (MREIT) -sensitive to changes in active membrane conductivity. We compared standard deviations in MREIT phase data from spontaneously active Aplysia abdominal ganglia in an artificial seawater background solution (ASW) with those found after treatment with an excitotoxic solution (KCl). We found significant increases in MREIT treatment cases, compared to control ganglia subject to extra ASW. This distinction was not found in phase images from the same ganglia using no imaging current. Further, significance and effect size depended on the amplitude of MREIT imaging current used. We conclude that our observations were linked to changes in cell conductivity caused by activity. Functional MREIT may have promise as a more direct method of functional neuroimaging than existing methods that image correlates of blood flow such as BOLD fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind J Sadleir
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 500 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287-9709, USA.
| | - Fanrui Fu
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 500 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287-9709, USA
| | - Corey Falgas
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Stephen Holland
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - May Boggess
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, 901 S. Palm Walk, Tempe, AZ 85287-1804, USA
| | - Samuel C Grant
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Eung Je Woo
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
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50
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Nikolova V, Papacleovoulou G, Bellafante E, Borges Manna L, Jansen E, Baron S, Abu-Hayyeh S, Parker M, Williamson C. Changes in LXR signaling influence early-pregnancy lipogenesis and protect against dysregulated fetoplacental lipid homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E463-E472. [PMID: 28420650 PMCID: PMC5689017 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00449.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human pregnancy is associated with enhanced de novo lipogenesis in the early stages followed by hyperlipidemia during advanced gestation. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are oxysterol-activated nuclear receptors that stimulate de novo lipogenesis and also promote the efflux of cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues followed by its transport back to the liver for biliary excretion. Although LXR is recognized as a master regulator of triglyceride and cholesterol homeostasis, it is unknown whether it facilitates the gestational adaptations in lipid metabolism. To address this question, biochemical profiling, protein quantification, and gene expression studies were used, and gestational metabolic changes in T0901317-treated wild-type mice and Lxrab-/- mutants were investigated. Here, we show that altered LXR signaling contributes to the enhanced lipogenesis in early pregnancy by increasing the expression of hepatic Fas and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1). Both the pharmacological activation of LXR with T0901317 and the genetic ablation of its two isoforms disrupted the increase in hepatic fatty acid biosynthesis and the development of hypertriglyceridemia during early gestation. We also demonstrate that absence of LXR enhances maternal white adipose tissue lipolysis, causing abnormal accumulation of triglycerides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids in the fetal liver. Together, these data identify LXR as an important factor in early-pregnancy lipogenesis that is also necessary to protect against abnormalities in fetoplacental lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya Nikolova
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elena Bellafante
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luiza Borges Manna
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Jansen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Silvère Baron
- Laboratoire Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; and
| | - Shadi Abu-Hayyeh
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Parker
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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