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Huang Z, Liu X, Huang S, Lu F. Galectin-receptor interaction: a key player in liver fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum infection. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:232. [PMID: 38769548 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosoma japonicum eggs lodge in the liver and induce a fibrotic granulomatous immune response in the liver of host. Galectin 3 (Gal-3) is a protein implicated in fibrosis in multiple organs. However, the pathology and molecular mechanisms promoting hepatic granuloma formation remain poorly understood. METHODS To investigate the effect of blocking galectin-receptor interactions by α-lactose on liver immunopathology in mice with S. japonicum infection, C57BL/6 mice were infected with S. japonicum and alpha (α)-lactose was intraperitoneally injected to block the interactions of galectins and their receptors. RESULTS Compared with S. japonicum-infected mice, there were significantly decreased Gal-3 mRNA and protein expression levels, decreased intensity of Gal-3 fluorescence in the liver, decreased serum ALT and AST levels, decreased egg numbers of S. japonicum in the liver section, attenuated hepatic and spleen pathology, and alleviated liver fibrosis accompanied with decreased protein expression levels of fibrosis markers [α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and collagen IV] in the liver of S. japonicum-infected mice blocked galectin-receptor interactions with hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, or Western blot analysis. Compared with S. japonicum-infected mice, blocking galectin-receptor interactions led to increased eosinophil infiltration and higher eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) expression in the liver, accompanied by increased mRNA levels of eosinophil granule proteins [ECP and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO)], IL-5, CCL11, and CCR3 in the liver and decreased mRNA levels of Gal-3 and M2 macrophage cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10, and IL-4) in the liver and spleen by using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In addition, there were increased Beclin1 protein expression and protein expression ratio of LC3B-II/LC3B-I and decreased p62 protein expression and protein expression ratios of phospho-mTOR/mTOR and phospho-AKT/AKT by Western blot; increased double-labeled F4/80+/LC3B+ cells by immunofluorescence staining; increased M1 macrophage polarization in the liver of S. japonicum-infected mice blocked galectin-receptor interactions by flow cytometric analysis and immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSIONS Our data found that blockage of galectin-receptor interactions downregulated Gal-3, which in turn led to reduced liver functional damage, elevated liver eosinophil recruitment, promoted macrophage autophagy through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and alleviated liver pathology and fibrosis. Therefore, Gal-3 plays a pivotal role during S. japonicum infection and could be a target of pharmacologic potential for liver fibrosis induced by S. japonicum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingzhuo Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiguang Huang
- Shenzhen Nanyou Malt Dentistry Out-Patient Department, Shengzhen, China
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangli Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu Y, Xie S, Zhou J, Cai Y, Zhang P, Li J, Ming Y. Using blood routine indicators to establish a machine learning model for predicting liver fibrosis in patients with Schistosoma japonicum. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11485. [PMID: 38769391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study intends to use the basic information and blood routine of schistosomiasis patients to establish a machine learning model for predicting liver fibrosis. We collected medical records of Schistosoma japonicum patients admitted to a hospital in China from June 2019 to June 2022. The method was to screen out the key variables and six different machine learning algorithms were used to establish prediction models. Finally, the optimal model was compared based on AUC, specificity, sensitivity and other indicators for further modeling. The interpretation of the model was shown by using the SHAP package. A total of 1049 patients' medical records were collected, and 10 key variables were screened for modeling using lasso method, including red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hematocrit (HCT), Red blood cells, Eosinophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils, Age. Among the 6 different machine learning algorithms, LightGBM performed the best, and its AUCs in the training set and validation set were 1 and 0.818, respectively. This study established a machine learning model for predicting liver fibrosis in patients with Schistosoma japonicum. The model could help improve the early diagnosis and provide early intervention for schistosomiasis patients with liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Comission, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shudong Xie
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Comission, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Hunan Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Hunan Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Comission, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Comission, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Comission, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Province Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Zhong H, Dong B, Zhu D, Fu Z, Liu J, Jin Y. Sja-let-7 suppresses the development of liver fibrosis via Schistosoma japonicum extracellular vesicles. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012153. [PMID: 38598555 PMCID: PMC11034668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a fatal zoonotic parasitic disease that also threatens human health. The main pathological features of schistosomiasis are granulomatous inflammation and subsequent liver fibrosis, which is a complex, chronic, and progressive disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from schistosome eggs are broadly involved in host-parasite communication and act as important contributors to schistosome-induced liver fibrosis. However, it remains unclear whether substances secreted by the EVs of Schistosoma japonicum, a long-term parasitic "partner" in the hepatic portal vein of the host, also participate in liver fibrosis. Here, we report that EVs derived from S. japonicum worms attenuated liver fibrosis by delivering sja-let-7 into hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Mechanistically, activation of HSCs was reduced by targeting collagen type I alpha 2 chain (Col1α2) and downregulation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Overall, these results contribute to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying host-parasite interactions and identified the sja-let-7/Col1α2/TGF-β/Smad axis as a potential target for treatment of schistosomiasis-related liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhong
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Dong
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Danlin Zhu
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Liu
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yamei Jin
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Ahmed SAA, Gad SEM, Eida OM, Makhlouf LM. Anti-fibrotic Effect of Oral Versus Intraperitoneal Administration of Gold Nanoparticles in Hepatic Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Mice. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:190-202. [PMID: 37964174 PMCID: PMC11001733 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis significantly impacts public health, as it causes severe morbidity. Infections caused by Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) can be treated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This study aims to determine the most effective route of AuNPs administration and the magnitude of its anti-fibrotic effect. METHODS In the five groups' in vivo assay design, AuNPs were administered intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg) and orally (1 mg/100 g) to S. mansoni-infected mice. Biochemical parameters (serum levels of albumin and liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured. The histological changes of the liver in distinct groups were evaluated using Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical stains. RESULTS Infection with S. mansoni was associated with substantial changes in the histological architecture of liver tissue and abnormal levels of hepatic function tests (albumin, AST, and ALT). Schistosoma infected hepatocytes exhibited an abnormal microscopic morphology, granuloma formation and aggressive fibrosis. AuNPs restored the liver histological architecture with a highly significant anti-fibrotic effect and significantly corrected hepatic function test levels. Intraperitoneal administration of AuNPs resulted in the most significant anti-fibrotic effect against hepatic S. mansoni infection as observed in all histological sections with Masson's trichrome being the best stain to represent this fact. CONCLUSION For treating S. mansoni-induced chronic liver fibrosis, intraperitoneal administration of AuNPs is a successful and effective route of administration that can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samer Eid Mohamed Gad
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Omima Mohamed Eida
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Laila Mohamed Makhlouf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Li QF, Li YX, Yang YY, Dong PP, Mei CJ, Lu JL, Zhang JF, Hua HY, Xiong CR, Yu CX, Song LJ, Yang K. The egg ribonuclease SjCP1412 accelerates liver fibrosis caused by Schistosoma japonicum infection involving damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Parasitology 2024; 151:260-270. [PMID: 38105713 PMCID: PMC11007278 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023001361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a parasite infectious disease caused by Schistosoma japonicum, often leads to egg granuloma and fibrosis due to the inflammatory reaction triggered by egg antigens released in the host liver. This study focuses on the role of the egg antigens CP1412 protein of S. japonicum (SjCP1412) with RNase activity in promoting liver fibrosis. In this study, the recombinant egg ribonuclease SjCP1412, which had RNase activity, was successfully prepared. By analysing the serum of the population, it has been proven that the anti-SjCP1412 IgG in the serum of patients with advanced schistosomiasis was moderately correlated with liver fibrosis, and SjCP1412 may be an important antigen associated with liver fibrosis in schistosomiasis. In vitro, the rSjCP1412 protein induced the human liver cancer cell line Hep G2 and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells apoptosis and necrosis and the release of proinflammatory damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In mice infected with schistosomes, rSjCP1412 immunization or antibody neutralization of SjCP1412 activity significantly reduced cell apoptosis and necroptosis in liver tissue, thereby reducing inflammation and liver fibrosis. In summary, the SjCP1412 protein plays a crucial role in promoting liver fibrosis during schistosomiasis through mediating the liver cells apoptosis and necroptosis to release DAMPs inducing an inflammatory reaction. Blocking SjCP1412 activity could inhibit its proapoptotic and necrotic effects and alleviate hepatic fibrosis. These findings suggest that SjCP1412 may be served as a promising drug target for managing liver fibrosis in schistosomiasis japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Feng Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214064, China
| | - Yi-Xin Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214064, China
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214064, China
| | - Pan-Pan Dong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214064, China
| | - Cong-Jin Mei
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214064, China
| | - Ju-Lu Lu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214064, China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214064, China
| | - Hai-Yong Hua
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214064, China
| | - Chun-Rong Xiong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214064, China
| | - Chuan-Xin Yu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214064, China
| | - Li-Jun Song
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214064, China
| | - Kun Yang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214064, China
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Yu Q, Koda S, Xu N, Li J, Wang JL, Liu M, Liu JX, Zhang Y, Yang HM, Zhang BB, Li XY, Li XC, Tang RX, Zheng KY, Yan C. CsHscB Derived from a Liver Fluke Clonorchis sinensis Ameliorates Cholestatic Hepatic Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Sclerosing Cholangitis. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:505-515. [PMID: 37076961 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230418111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammatory fibrosis usually involving the whole biliary tree. However, there are very limited treatment options to treat this disease. Our previous study found a lipid-protein rCsHscB from a liver fluke - Clonorchis sinensis, which had full capacities of immune regulation. Therefore, we investigated the role of rCsHscB in a mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis induced by xenobiotic 3,5- diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) to explore whether this protein had potential therapeutic value for PSC. METHODS Mice were fed 0.1% DDC for 4 weeks and treated with CsHscB (30 μg/mouse, intraperitoneal injection, once every 3 days); the control group was given an equal amount of PBS or CsHscB under normal diet conditions. All the mice were sacrificed at 4 weeks for the evaluation of biliary proliferation, fibrosis, and inflammation. RESULTS rCsHscB treatment attenuated DDC-induced liver congestion and enlargement and significantly decreased the upregulation of serum AST and ALT levels. The administration of rCsHscB to DDC-fed mice significantly decreased cholangiocyte proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production compared to mice fed with DDC alone. Also, rCsHscB treatment showed a decreased expression of α-SMA in the liver and other markers of liver fibrosis (Masson staining, Hydroxyproline content, and collagen deposit). More interestingly, DDC-fed mice treated with rCsHscB showed a significant up-regulation of PPAR-γ expression, which was similar to control mice, indicating the involvement of PPAR-γ signaling in the protective action of rCsHscB. CONCLUSION Overall, our data show that rCsHscB attenuates the progression of cholestatic fibrosis induced by DDC and supports the potential for manipulating the parasite-derived molecule to treat certain immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephane Koda
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ling Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Xin Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Cui Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
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Ding H, Yang X, Tian J, Wang X, Ji Y, El-Ashram S, Ren C, Shen J, Liu M. JQ-1 ameliorates schistosomiasis liver fibrosis by suppressing JAK2 and STAT3 activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112281. [PMID: 34624676 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a serious parasitic infection caused by Schistosoma. The parasite deposits eggs in the host liver, causing inflammation that activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which leads to liver fibrosis. Currently, there is no effective therapy for liver fibrosis; thus, treatments are urgently needed. Therefore, in the present study, mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum were treated with JQ-1, a small-molecule bromodomain inhibitor with reliable anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. The fibrotic area of the liver measured by computer-assisted morphometric analysis and the expression levels of the cytoskeletal protein alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and of collagen assessed by quantitative PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were significantly decreased in the liver following JQ-1 treatment compared with vehicle-treated controls. Total RNA was extracted from the liver of JQ-1-treated Schistosoma-infected mice for RNA-sequencing analysis. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses indicated that JQ-1 affected biological processes and the expression of cellular components known to play key roles in the transdifferentiation of HSCs to myofibroblasts. In vitro treatment with JQ-1 of JS-1 cells, a mouse HSC line, indicated that JQ-1 significantly inhibited JS-1 proliferation but had no effect on JS-1 activity, senescence, or apoptosis. Western blot results showed that JQ-1 inhibited the expression levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and phosphorylated STAT3 without altering expression levels of these non-phosphorylated proteins. Taken together, these findings suggested that JQ-1 treatment ameliorated S. japonicum egg-induced liver fibrosis, at least in part, by suppressing HSC activation and proliferation through the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling. These results lay a foundation for the development of novel approaches to treat and control liver fibrosis caused by S. japonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ding
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhan Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinran Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan, Guangdong 528231 People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Ren
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jijia Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Koda S, Zhang B, Zhou QY, Xu N, Li J, Liu JX, Liu M, Lv ZY, Wang JL, Shi Y, Gao S, Yu Q, Li XY, Xu YH, Chen JX, Tekengne BOT, Adzika GK, Tang RX, Sun H, Zheng KY, Yan C. β2-Adrenergic Receptor Enhances the Alternatively Activated Macrophages and Promotes Biliary Injuries Caused by Helminth Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:754208. [PMID: 34733286 PMCID: PMC8558246 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system has been studied for its involvement in the control of macrophages; however, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between the adrenergic receptors and alternatively activated macrophages (M2) remain obscure. Using FVB wild-type and beta 2 adrenergic receptors knockout, we found that β2-AR deficiency alleviates hepatobiliary damage in mice infected with C. sinensis. Moreover, β2-AR-deficient mice decrease the activation and infiltration of M2 macrophages and decrease the production of type 2 cytokines, which are associated with a significant decrease in liver fibrosis in infected mice. Our in vitro results on bone marrow-derived macrophages revealed that macrophages from Adrb2-/- mice significantly decrease M2 markers and the phosphorylation of ERK/mTORC1 induced by IL-4 compared to that observed in M2 macrophages from Adrb2+/+ . This study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms by which the β2-AR enhances type 2 immune response through the ERK/mTORC1 signaling pathway in macrophages and their role in liver fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology
- Bile Ducts/parasitology
- Bile Ducts/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Clonorchiasis/complications
- Clonorchiasis/immunology
- Clonorchiasis/physiopathology
- Cytokines/blood
- Humans
- Liver Cirrhosis/etiology
- Liver Cirrhosis/immunology
- Liver Cirrhosis/parasitology
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/etiology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/immunology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/parasitology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/pathology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Macrophage Activation
- Macrophages/classification
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/physiology
- Mice, Knockout
- Neuroimmunomodulation/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/deficiency
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/physiology
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Koda
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian-Yang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Man Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yan Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanbiao Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Sijia Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yin-Hai Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center of Malaria, Schistosomiasis, and Filariasis, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hong Sun
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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9
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Liu L, Wang P, Wang YS, Zhang YN, Li C, Yang ZY, Liu ZH, Zhan TZ, Xu J, Xia CM. MiR-130a-3p Alleviates Liver Fibrosis by Suppressing HSCs Activation and Skewing Macrophage to Ly6C lo Phenotype. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696069. [PMID: 34421906 PMCID: PMC8375151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidences have highlighted the crucial role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the liver cirrhosis, but the relationship between miR-130a-3p and liver cirrhosis is not entirely clear. As we all know, schistosomiasis, as one of the zoonoses, can lead to liver cirrhosis when it advances. In this study, we investigated the biological functions of miR-130a-3p on the liver fibrosis of schistosomiasis in vivo and in vitro. The mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) were treated with lentivirus vector (LV)-miR-130a-3p by hydrodynamic injection through the tail vein. Our findings showed significantly decreased expression of miR-130a-3p both in the serum of patients with cirrhosis and in the liver of mice infected with S. japonicum. The results showed that LV-miR-130a-3p could effectively enter into the liver and alleviate liver granulomatous inflammation and collagen deposition. Simultaneously, LV-miR-130a-3p-promoted macrophages presented the Ly6Clo phenotype, concomitant with the decreased expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) 1, and increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, which contributed to the dissolution of collagen. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-130a-3p not only inhibited the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) but also induced the apoptosis of HSCs. In addition, we also confirmed that miR-130a-3p enables to bind with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1 and transforming growth factor-beta receptors (TGFBR) 1 and TGFBR2 genes and inhibit the expressions of these genes. Our findings suggested that miR-130a-3p might represent as the potential candidate biomarker and therapeutic target for the prognosis identification and treatment of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yin Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zi-Hao Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting-Zheng Zhan
- Department of Parasitology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao-Ming Xia
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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10
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Lam HYP, Liang TR, Peng SY. Ameliorative effects of Schisandrin B on Schistosoma mansoni-induced hepatic fibrosis in vivo. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009554. [PMID: 34161342 PMCID: PMC8259995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is second only to malaria as the most devastating parasitic disease in the world. It is caused by the helminths Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni), S. haematobium, or S. japonicum. Typically, patients with schistosomiasis suffer from symptoms of liver fibrosis and hepatosplenomegaly. Currently, patients were treated with praziquantel. Although praziquantel effectively kills the worm, it cannot prevent re-infection or resolve liver fibrosis. Also, current treatment options are not ample to completely cure liver fibrosis and splenic damages. Moreover, resistance of praziquantel has been reported in vivo and in vitro studies. Therefore, finding new effective treatment agents is urgently needed. Schisandrin B (Sch B) of Schisandra chinensis has been shown to protect against different liver injuries including fatty liver disease, hepatotoxicity, fibrosis, and hepatoma. We herein investigate the potential of using Sch B to treat S. mansoni-induced liver fibrosis. Results from the present study demonstrate that Sch B is beneficial in treating S. mansoni-induced liver fibrosis and splenic damages, through inhibition of inflammasome activation and apoptosis; and aside from that regulates host immune responses. Besides, Sch B treatment damages male adult worm in the mice, consequently helps to reduce egg production and lessen the parasite burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yin Pekkle Lam
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ruei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Peng
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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11
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Franco KGS, de Amorim FJR, Santos MA, Rollemberg CVV, de Oliveira FA, França AVC, Santos CNO, Magalhães LS, Cazzaniga RA, de Lima FS, Benevides L, Carregaro V, Silva JS, Brito HLDF, Fernandes DA, da Silva ÂM, de Almeida RP, Bezerra-Santos M, de Jesus AR. Association of IL-9, IL-10, and IL-17 Cytokines With Hepatic Fibrosis in Human Schistosoma mansoni Infection. Front Immunol 2021. [PMID: 34970264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.779534]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a case series study to evaluate immunological markers associated with schistosomiasis advanced fibrosis, including 69 patients from an endemic area from the State of Sergipe and from the Hepatology Service of the University Hospital in Sergipe, Brazil. Hepatic fibrosis was classified based on Niamey protocol for ultrasonography (US). Immune response to Schistosoma mansoni antigens was evaluated by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these patients with either adult worm (SWAP-10 μg/ml) or egg (SEA-10 μg/ml) antigens or purified protein derivative of turberculin (PPD-10 μg/ml) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA-1 μg/ml) for 72 h. The levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-17 were measured in these supernatants by ELISA and IL-9 by Luminex. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-17, IL10, and CD209 genes were genotyped using TaqMan probe by qPCR. Higher levels of IL-9, IL-10, and IL-17 were found in PBMC supernatants of patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis. Direct correlations were detected between IL-9 and IL-17 levels with US spleen sizes, portal vein diameters, and periportal thickening. The CD209 rs2287886 AG polymorphism patients produce higher IL-17 levels. Together, these data suggest a role of these cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of advanced fibrosis in human schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Garcez Schuster Franco
- Image and Graphic Methods Unit, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Fabio Jorge Ramalho de Amorim
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Mário Adriano Santos
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Carla Virgínia Vieira Rollemberg
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Alvisi de Oliveira
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Alex Vianey Callado França
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Hepatology Service, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Camilla Natália Oliveira Santos
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Lucas Sousa Magalhães
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Anselmo Cazzaniga
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Benevides
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carregaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Santana Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ângela Maria da Silva
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Infectology Service, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Roque Pacheco de Almeida
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Immunology Institute of Investigation (III), National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT), Brazilian Research and Technology Council (CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Bezerra-Santos
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Amélia Ribeiro de Jesus
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Immunology Institute of Investigation (III), National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT), Brazilian Research and Technology Council (CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Franco KGS, de Amorim FJR, Santos MA, Rollemberg CVV, de Oliveira FA, França AVC, Santos CNO, Magalhães LS, Cazzaniga RA, de Lima FS, Benevides L, Carregaro V, Silva JS, Brito HLDF, Fernandes DA, da Silva ÂM, de Almeida RP, Bezerra-Santos M, de Jesus AR. Association of IL-9, IL-10, and IL-17 Cytokines With Hepatic Fibrosis in Human Schistosoma mansoni Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:779534. [PMID: 34970264 PMCID: PMC8712476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.779534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a case series study to evaluate immunological markers associated with schistosomiasis advanced fibrosis, including 69 patients from an endemic area from the State of Sergipe and from the Hepatology Service of the University Hospital in Sergipe, Brazil. Hepatic fibrosis was classified based on Niamey protocol for ultrasonography (US). Immune response to Schistosoma mansoni antigens was evaluated by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these patients with either adult worm (SWAP-10 μg/ml) or egg (SEA-10 μg/ml) antigens or purified protein derivative of turberculin (PPD-10 μg/ml) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA-1 μg/ml) for 72 h. The levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-17 were measured in these supernatants by ELISA and IL-9 by Luminex. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-17, IL10, and CD209 genes were genotyped using TaqMan probe by qPCR. Higher levels of IL-9, IL-10, and IL-17 were found in PBMC supernatants of patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis. Direct correlations were detected between IL-9 and IL-17 levels with US spleen sizes, portal vein diameters, and periportal thickening. The CD209 rs2287886 AG polymorphism patients produce higher IL-17 levels. Together, these data suggest a role of these cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of advanced fibrosis in human schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Garcez Schuster Franco
- Image and Graphic Methods Unit, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Fabio Jorge Ramalho de Amorim
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Mário Adriano Santos
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Carla Virgínia Vieira Rollemberg
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Alvisi de Oliveira
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Alex Vianey Callado França
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Hepatology Service, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Camilla Natália Oliveira Santos
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Lucas Sousa Magalhães
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Anselmo Cazzaniga
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Benevides
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carregaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Santana Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ângela Maria da Silva
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Infectology Service, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Roque Pacheco de Almeida
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Immunology Institute of Investigation (III), National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT), Brazilian Research and Technology Council (CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Bezerra-Santos
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Amélia Ribeiro de Jesus
- Health Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Federal Sergipe University, Aracaju, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Immunology Institute of Investigation (III), National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT), Brazilian Research and Technology Council (CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Amélia Ribeiro de Jesus,
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13
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Melchor SJ, Hatter JA, Castillo ÉAL, Saunders CM, Byrnes KA, Sanders I, Abebayehu D, Barker TH, Ewald SE. T. gondii infection induces IL-1R dependent chronic cachexia and perivascular fibrosis in the liver and skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15724. [PMID: 32973293 PMCID: PMC7515928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a progressive muscle wasting disease that contributes to death in a wide range of chronic diseases. Currently, the cachexia field lacks animal models that recapitulate the long-term kinetics of clinical disease, which would provide insight into the pathophysiology of chronic cachexia and a tool to test therapeutics for disease reversal. Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a protozoan parasite that uses conserved mechanisms to infect rodents and human hosts. Infection is lifelong and has been associated with chronic weight loss and muscle atrophy in mice. We have recently shown that T. gondii-induced muscle atrophy meets the clinical definition of cachexia. Here, the longevity of the T. gondii-induced chronic cachexia model revealed that cachectic mice develop perivascular fibrosis in major metabolic organs, including the adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver by 9 weeks post-infection. Development of cachexia, as well as liver and skeletal muscle fibrosis, is dependent on intact signaling through the type I IL-1R receptor. IL-1α is sufficient to activate cultured fibroblasts and primary hepatic stellate cells (myofibroblast precursors in the liver) in vitro, and IL-1α is elevated in the sera and liver of cachectic, suggesting a mechanism by which chronic IL-1R signaling could be leading to cachexia-associated fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Melchor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jessica A Hatter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Claire M Saunders
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kari A Byrnes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Imani Sanders
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Daniel Abebayehu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thomas H Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sarah E Ewald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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14
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Perina EA, Ivanov VV, Pershina AG, Perekucha NA, Dzyuman AN, Kaminskii IP, Saltykova IV, Sazonov AE, Ogorodova LM. Imbalance in the glutathione system in Opisthorchis felineus infected liver promotes hepatic fibrosis. Acta Trop 2019; 192:41-48. [PMID: 30684449 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although data on oxidative stress during liver fluke infection have been previously presented, a comprehensive study of the glutathione system that plays a crucial role in scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and detoxification of primary and secondary oxidation products has not been addressed yet. In the present study, the hepatic glutathione system was investigated in a hamster model of experimental opisthorchiasis infection. It was shown that chronic oxidative stress in an Opisthorchis felineus infected liver, evidenced by abundant hydroperoxide accumulation, leads to strong imbalance in the hepatic glutathione system, namely the depletion of reduced form of glutathione (GSH), lowering of the GSH/GSSG ratio, and a decrease in the glutathione peroxidase and glyoxalase 1 activity. O. felineus infection provokes hepatocellular damage that results in the progression of liver fibrosis, accompanied by an increase in collagen deposition in the hepatic tissue. Modulation of hepatic GSH levels in the O. felineus infected liver through N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or l-buthionine-S, R-sulfoxinine (BSO) treatments lead to changes in expression and activity of glutathione S-transferase and glyoxalase I as well as markedly decreases or increases collagen content in the O. felineus infected liver and the severity of liver fibrosis, respectively. Thus, the glutathione system can be considered as a target for liver protection from O. felineus-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Perina
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Ivanov
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Alexandra G Pershina
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
| | - Natalya A Perekucha
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Anna N Dzyuman
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Ilya P Kaminskii
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Irina V Saltykova
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Alexey E Sazonov
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Ludmila M Ogorodova
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
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15
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Song L, Zhang B, Liu J, Wang M, Ma X, Wang L, Wu X, Wu Z, Wang T. Reversal of liver fibrosis after splenectomy in a patient with advanced schistosomiasis japonica: A case report with 4-year follow-up. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007174. [PMID: 30973870 PMCID: PMC6459488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Langui Song
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahua Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Wang
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohe Ma
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianping Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing process purposely aimed at restoring organ integrity after severe injury caused by autoimmune reactions, mechanical stress or infections. The uncontrolled solicitation of this process is pathogenic and a pathognomonic feature of diseases like hepatosplenic schistosomiasis where exacerbated liver fibrosis is centrally positioned among the drivers of the disease morbidity and mortality. Intriguingly, however, liver fibrosis occurs and progresses dissimilarly in schistosomiasis-diseased individuals with the same egg burden and biosocial features including age, duration of residence in the endemic site and gender. This suggests that parasite-independent and currently poorly defined host intrinsic factors might play a defining role in the regulation of liver fibrosis, the hallmark of morbidity, during schistosomiasis. In this review, we therefore provide a comprehensive overview of all known host candidate regulators of liver fibrosis reported in the context of human schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Donald Kamdem
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, South African Medical Research Center, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Roger Moyou-Somo
- The Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, South African Medical Research Center, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Justin Komguep Nono
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, South African Medical Research Center, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Cai P, Mu Y, Olveda RM, Ross AG, Olveda DU, McManus DP. Circulating miRNAs as footprints for liver fibrosis grading in schistosomiasis. EBioMedicine 2018; 37:334-343. [PMID: 30482723 PMCID: PMC6286190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic infection with Schistosoma japonicum or S. mansoni results in hepatic fibrosis of the human host. Staging fibrosis is crucial for the prognosis and to determine the rapid need of treatment in patients with schistosomiasis. METHODS To establish whether there is a correlation between circulating microRNA (miRNA) level and fibrosis progression in schistosomiasis, ten miRNAs were selected to assess their potential in grading schistosomiasis liver fibrosis. This was done firstly in two mouse strains (C57BL/6 and BALB/c) to determine the temporal expression profiles in serum over the course of S. japonicum infection, and then within a cohort of 163 schistosomiasis japonica patients with different grades of liver fibrosis. FINDING Four miRNAs (miR-150-5p, let-7a-5p, let-7d-5p and miR-146a-5p) were able to distinguish patients with mild versus severe fibrosis. The level of serum miR-150-5p showed the most promising potential for grading hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis. The diagnostic performance of miR-150-5p in discriminating mild from severe fibrosis is comparable with that of the ELF test and serum HA level. In addition, the serum levels of the four miRNAs rebounded in infected C57BL/6 mice, after 6 months post treatment, following the regression of liver fibrosis, thereby providing further support for the utility of these miRNAs in grading schistosomal hepatic fibrosis. INTERPRETATION Circulating miRNAs can be a supplementary tool for assessing hepatic fibrosis in human schistosomiasis. FUND: National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia (APP1102926, APP1037304 and APP1098244).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cai
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Yi Mu
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Remigio M Olveda
- Department of Health, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Allen G Ross
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; icddr b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - David U Olveda
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
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18
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Almeer RS, El-Khadragy MF, Abdelhabib S, Abdel Moneim AE. Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract ameliorates schistosomiasis liver granuloma, fibrosis, and oxidative stress through downregulation of fibrinogenic signaling in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204923. [PMID: 30273397 PMCID: PMC6166951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a widespread parasitic infection that affects humans, as well as wild and domestic animals. It ranks second after malaria, with a significant health and socio-economic impact in the developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess the anti-schistosomal impact of Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract (ZLE) on Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver fibrosis in CD-1 Swiss male albino mice. S. mansoni infection was achieved by dipping of mouse tails in schistosomal cercariae. ZLE treatment was initiated at 46 days post-infection by administering a dose of the extract on a daily basis for 10 consecutive days. S. mansoni infection resulted in liver granuloma and fibrosis, with a drastic elevation in liver function factors, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation, which were associated with a reduction in glutathione content and substantial inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities compared to those of the control. Induction of hepatic granuloma, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in the liver was controlled by ZLE administration, which also produced inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9, alpha-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-β, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases expressions. In addition, the S. mansoni-infected group exhibited an increase in Bax and caspase-3 levels and a decrease in Bcl-2 level. However, treatment with ZLE mainly mitigated apoptosis in the liver. Thus, the findings of this study revealed that Ziziphus spina-christi had anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, antioxidant, and protective effects on S. mansoni-induced liver wounds. The benefits of Ziziphus spina-christi extract on S. mansoni were partly partially mediated by enhancing anti-fibrinogenic and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafa S. Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: (RSA); (AEA)
| | - Manal F. El-Khadragy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Semlali Abdelhabib
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail: (RSA); (AEA)
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19
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Hazlett M, Stalker M, Lake M, Peregrine A. Hepatic Dicrocoelium dendriticum infection in a miniature horse. Can Vet J 2018; 59:863-865. [PMID: 30104777 PMCID: PMC6049331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A miniature horse which died following humane seizure from an Ontario farm was emaciated with serous atrophy of fat. Autopsy revealed hepatic atrophy and moderate periportal fibrosis. Eggs and trematodes seen in the liver were identified as Dicrocoelium dendriticum. This appears to be the first reported case of infection of equids in North America with Dicrocoelium dendriticum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray Hazlett
- Animal Health Laboratory (Hazlett, Stalker, Lake) and Department of Pathobiology (Peregrine), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Margaret Stalker
- Animal Health Laboratory (Hazlett, Stalker, Lake) and Department of Pathobiology (Peregrine), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Mary Lake
- Animal Health Laboratory (Hazlett, Stalker, Lake) and Department of Pathobiology (Peregrine), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Andrew Peregrine
- Animal Health Laboratory (Hazlett, Stalker, Lake) and Department of Pathobiology (Peregrine), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
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20
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Ma Z, Liu X, Dong H, Xia D, Wang L, Chen Y, Xiong Y. Sorafenib and praziquantel synergistically attenuate Schistosoma japonicum-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2831-2839. [PMID: 29946766 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an important process that occurs in most types of chronic liver diseases and often results in the end stage of liver diseases, such as cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Sorafenib, a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown to inhibit liver fibrosis in multiple experimental fibrosis mouse and rat models. The aim of this study was to test the therapeutic effect of sorafenib on liver fibrosis induced by infection with a parasite, Schistosoma japonicum, in mice. Mice were percutaneously infected through the abdomen with Schistosoma cercariae to develop a schistosomula liver fibrosis model. Eight weeks after infection, infected mice were treated with the anti-parasitic agent praziquantel for 2 days and sorafenib for 2 weeks. Hepatic histopathological changes were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson's trichome staining. The hepatic expression levels of collagen I, collagen III, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and PDGF receptor-beta (PDGFR-β) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Praziquantel administration alone but not sorafenib reduced liver fibrosis, and the combination of praziquantel and sorafenib significantly attenuated liver fibrosis in S. japonicum-infected mice. Moreover, sorafenib plus praziquantel markedly decreased the hepatic deposition of collagen and expression of fibrogenic genes in these mice. In conclusion, the use of sorafenib following praziquantel treatment may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis induced by S. japonicum in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Huifen Dong
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dong Xia
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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21
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Cabantous S, Hou X, Louis L, He H, Mariani O, Sastre X, Daujat-Chavanieu M, Li Y, Dessein A. Evidence for an important role of host microRNAs in regulating hepatic fibrosis in humans infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:823-830. [PMID: 28739251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that repress the translation of target gene transcripts. They have been implicated in various activities such as cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration and metabolism. We report here the first known miRNome and transcriptome analysis of human livers displaying advanced fibrosis due to Schistosoma japonicum infection. We present evidence that hsa-miR-150-5p, hsa-miR-10a-5p, hsa-miR-199a-3p, hsa-miR-4521, hsa-miR-222/221, hsa-miR-663b and hsa-miR-143-3p (associated without correction) play an important role in hepatic fibrosis by acting on metabolism, organization of the extracellular matrix proteins, lipid mobilization and limitation of oxidative damage stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Cabantous
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR906, GIMP, Labex ParaFrap, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | - Xunya Hou
- Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang, China
| | - Laurence Louis
- INSERM UMR910, GMGF, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Hongbin He
- Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang, China
| | | | | | | | - Yuesheng Li
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alain Dessein
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR906, GIMP, Labex ParaFrap, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France.
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22
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Pershina AG, Ivanov VV, Efimova LV, Shevelev OB, Vtorushin SV, Perevozchikova TV, Sazonov AE, Ogorodova LM. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for differential assessment of liver abnormalities induced by Opisthorchis felineus in an animal model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005778. [PMID: 28708894 PMCID: PMC5529022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND European liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus, causing opisthorchiasis disease, is widespread in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and sporadically detected in the EU countries. O. felineus infection leads to hepatobiliary pathological changes, cholangitis, fibrosis and, in severe cases, malignant transformation of bile ducts. Due to absence of specific symptoms, the infection is frequently neglected for a long period. The association of opisthorchiasis with almost incurable bile duct cancer and rising international migration of people that increases the risk of the parasitic etiology of liver fibrosis in non-endemic regions determine high demand for development of approaches to opisthorchiasis detection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI and MRS) were applied for differential assessment of hepatic abnormalities induced by O. felineus in an experimental animal model. Correlations of the MR-findings with the histological data as well as the data of the biochemical analysis of liver tissue were found. MRI provides valuable information about the severity of liver impairments induced by opisthorchiasis. An MR image of O. felineus infected liver has a characteristic pattern that differs from that of closely related liver fluke infections. 1H and 31P MRS in combination with biochemical analysis data showed that O. felineus infection disturbed hepatic metabolism of the host, which was accompanied by cholesterol accumulation in the liver. CONCLUSIONS A non-invasive approach based on the magnetic resonance technique is very advantageous and may be successfully used not only for diagnosing and evaluating liver damage induced by O. felineus, but also for investigating metabolic changes arising in the infected organ. Since damages induced by the liver fluke take place in different liver lobes, MRI has the potential to overcome liver biopsy sampling variability that limits predictive validity of biopsy analysis for staging liver fluke-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G. Pershina
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Vladimir V. Ivanov
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Lina V. Efimova
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oleg B. Shevelev
- Center for Genetic Resources of Laboratory Animals, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Vtorushin
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Alexey E. Sazonov
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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Ocama P, Opio KC, Seremba E, Ajal P, Apica BS, Aginya EO. The burden, pattern and factors that contribute to periportal fibrosis in HIV-infected patients in an S. mansoni endemic rural Uganda. Afr Health Sci 2017; 17:301-307. [PMID: 29062323 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v17i2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and S.mansoni infections are common in Uganda and can cause liver disease. No study has determined co-infection significance in Uganda. We carried out a study on the burden, pattern and factors that contribute to peri-portal fibrosis (PPF) in HIV infected patients attending a Primary healthcare setting at Pakwach. METHODOLOGY We conducted a cross-sectional study in the HIV clinic at Pakwach health centre IV. Data on demographics, contact with the Nile, CD4+ cell count, ART and alcohol use were collected. Urinary Circulating Cathodic Antigen (CCA), was done for S. Mansoni detection. Liver scan was done for presence and pattern of PPF. HBsAg testing was performed on all participants. Data was analyzed using Stata Version 10. RESULTS We enrolled 299 patients, median age 39 years (IQR 16), most were female, 210 (73%). Overall, 206 (68.9%) had PPF, majority 191 (92.7%) had pattern c, either alone (63 participants) or in combination with pattern d (128 participants). Age of 30-50 years was significantly associated with PPF (OR 2.28 p-value-0.003). CONCLUSION We found high prevalence of S. mansoni and PPF in the HIV infected population and age was a significant factor for PPF. We recommend all HIV infected patients be examined routinely for S. mansoni infection for early anti-schistosomal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponsiano Ocama
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Emmanuel Seremba
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Ajal
- Pakwach Health Centre IV, Pakwach, Nebbi District, Uganda
| | - Betty Stephanie Apica
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Ru-Yi L, Na Z, Ni-Na P, Li-le L, Yu H, Yan M, Hong-Bo W. [Therapeutic effect of BILT combined with praziquantel in treatment of chronic schistosomiasis]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2017; 29:648-650. [PMID: 29469371 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical therapeutic effect of biological information infrared liver therapeutic apparatus (BILT) combined with praziquantel in the treatment of patients with chronic schistosomiasis. METHODS A case-control study was conducted. A total of 142 chronic schistosomiasis patients were divided into an experimental group (BILT combined with praziquantel) with 64 cases and a control group (routine treatment with praziquantel alone) with 78 cases on the basis of the age, gender, disease duration and liver function as paired condition. Fatigue, diarrhea, abdominal distension, liver function, hyaluronic acid (HA) and laminin (LN) were as observation indexes and the observation results were compared between two groups. RESULTS Before the treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the indexes above-mentioned (P > 0.05). After the treatment, the incidence rates of fatigue, diarrhea, abdominal distension, abnormal liver function, and the levels of HA and LN in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS BILT combined with praziquantel can significantly alleviate the short-term clinical symptoms, restore liver function and also alleviate hepatic fibrosis of the patients with chronic schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Ru-Yi
- Affiliated Xiangyue Hospital of Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang 414000, China
| | - Zheng Na
- Affiliated Xiangyue Hospital of Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang 414000, China
| | - Peng Ni-Na
- Affiliated Xiangyue Hospital of Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang 414000, China
| | - Li Li-le
- Affiliated Xiangyue Hospital of Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang 414000, China
| | - He Yu
- Affiliated Xiangyue Hospital of Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang 414000, China
| | - Mei Yan
- Affiliated Xiangyue Hospital of Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang 414000, China
| | - Wang Hong-Bo
- Affiliated Xiangyue Hospital of Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang 414000, China
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Wan C, Jin F, Du Y, Yang K, Yao L, Mei Z, Huang W. Genistein improves schistosomiasis liver granuloma and fibrosis via dampening NF-kB signaling in mice. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1165-1174. [PMID: 28160073 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In schistosomiasis, egg deposition in the liver contributes to the formation of hepatic granuloma and fibrosis, which are the most serious clinical pathological features. It has been proposed that activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways is closely associated with the development of hepatic granuloma and fibrosis. Genistein has been shown to inhibit the activity of NF-κB signaling pathways, which might be a potential agent to protect against Schistosoma japonicum egg-induced liver granuloma and fibrosis. In this study, liver granuloma and fibrosis were induced by infecting BALB/c mice with 18 ± 3 cercariae of S. japonicum. At the beginning of egg granuloma formation (early phase genistein treatment from 4 to 6 weeks after infection) or after the formation of liver fibrosis (late phase genistein treatment from 6 to 10 weeks after infection), the infected mice were injected with genistein (25, 50 mg/kg). The results revealed that genistein treatment significantly decreased the extent of hepatic granuloma and fibrosis in infected mice. The activity of NF-κB signaling declined sharply after the treatment with genistein, as evidenced by the inhibition of NF-κB-p65, phospho-NF-κB-p65, and phospo-IκB-α expressions, as well as the expression of IκB-α and the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of inflammatory cytokines (MCP1, TNFα, IL1β, IL4, IL10) mediated by NF-κB signaling pathways in the early phase of the infection. Moreover, western blot and immunohistochemistry assays demonstrated that the contents of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-β were dramatically reduced in liver tissue under the treatment of genistein in the late phase of the infection. At the same time, the mRNA expression of MCP1, TNFα, and IL10 was inhibited markedly. These results provided evidence that genistein reduces S. japonicum egg-induced liver granuloma and fibrosis, at least partly due to decreased NF-κB signaling, and subsequently decreased MCP1, TNFα, and IL10 expressions. This implies that genistein can be a potential natural agent against schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Fen Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Youqin Du
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Liangliang Yao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China.
| | - Weifeng Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China.
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Zhang BB, Yan C, Fang F, Du Y, Ma R, Li XY, Yu Q, Meng D, Tang RX, Zheng KY. Increased hepatic Th2 and Treg subsets are associated with biliary fibrosis in different strains of mice caused by Clonorchis sinensis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171005. [PMID: 28151995 PMCID: PMC5289492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that CD4+T cells responses might be involved in the process of biliary fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism resulting in biliary fibrosis caused by Clonorchis sinensis remains not yet fully elucidated. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the different profiles of hepatic CD4+T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells) and their possible roles in the biliary fibrosis of different strains of mice (C57BL/6, BALB/c and FVB mice) induced by C. sinensis infection. C57BL/6, BALB/c and FVB mice were orally gavaged with 45 metacercariae. All mice were sacrificed on 28 days post infection in deep anesthesia conditions. The leukocytes in the liver were separated to examine CD4+T cell subsets by flow cytometry and the left lobe of liver was used to observe pathological changes, collagen depositions and the concentrations of hydroxyproline. The most serious cystic and fibrotic changes appeared in FVB infected mice indicated by gross observation, Masson’s trichrome staining and hydroxyproline content detection. In contrast to C57BL/6 infected mice, diffuse nodules and more intensive fibrosis were observed in the BALB/c infected mice. No differences of the hepatic Th1 subset and Th17 subset were found among the three strains, but the hepatic Th2 and Treg cells and their relative cytokines were dramatically increased in the BALB/c and FVB infected groups compared with the C57BL/6 infected group (P<0.01). Importantly, increased Th2 subset and Treg subset all positively correlated with hydroxyproline contents (P<0.01). This result for the first time implied that the increased hepatic Th2 and Treg cell subsets were likely to play potential roles in the formation of biliary fibrosis in C. sinensis-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Meng
- Departments of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (KYZ); (RXT)
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (KYZ); (RXT)
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Xian-Mo W, Jia-Jun Z, Lin X. [Correlation between hepatic fibrosis and anti - neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in schistosomiasis patients]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2017; 29:380-382. [PMID: 29469540 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2016203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between hepatic fibrosis and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in the patients with schistosomiasis. METHODS Totally 145 schistosomiasis patients confirmed by Jingzhou First People's Hospital during the period of February 2014 to June 2016 were randomly selected as an experimental group, and 100 healthy people during the same period were randomly selected as a control group. The serum samples of the two groups were collected and the level of ANCA was detected by indirect immunofluorescence, and the levels of hyaluronic acid, laminin, procollagen type III, and collagen type IV were detected by radioimmunoassay. The levels of the above indexes of the two groups were compared. RESULTS The positive rate of ANCA was 28.96% (42/145) in the experimental group and 1.00% (1/100) in the healthy control group, and the difference between them was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of hyaluronic acid, laminin, procollagen type III and collagen type IV in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05), and the proportions of those with abnormal levels of hyaluronic acid, laminin, procollagen type III and collagen type IV in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). In the experimental group, among the 42 patients with ANCA positives, the proportions of those with abnormal levels of hyaluronic acid and laminin were significantly higher than the proportions of those with ANCA negatives, and in the former, the levels of the four indicators of liver fibrosis were all higher than the normal values, and the average levels of hyaluronic acid and laminin in the patients with ANCA positives were significantly higher than those in the patients with ANCA negatives (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The patients with schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis could be positive for the autoimmune antibody ANCA, and ANCA may be associated with the autoimmune process of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xian-Mo
- First Hospital of Changjiang University, Laboratory Department of Jingzhou First People's Hospital, Hubei Province, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Zhang Jia-Jun
- First Hospital of Changjiang University, Laboratory Department of Jingzhou First People's Hospital, Hubei Province, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- First Hospital of Changjiang University, Laboratory Department of Jingzhou First People's Hospital, Hubei Province, Jingzhou 434000, China
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Zheng S, Zhang P, Chen Y, Zheng S, Zheng L, Weng Z. Inhibition of Notch Signaling Attenuates Schistosomiasis Hepatic Fibrosis via Blocking Macrophage M2 Polarization. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166808. [PMID: 27875565 PMCID: PMC5119780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a key role in the pathogenesis of liver granuloma and fibrosis in schistosomiasis. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully characterized. This study revealed that the macrophages infiltrating the liver tissues in a murine model of Schistosoma japonica infection exhibited M2 functional polarization, and Notch1/Jagged1 signaling was significantly upregulated in the M2 polarized macrophages in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the blockade of Notch signaling pathway by a γ-secretase inhibitor could reverse macrophage M2 polarization in vitro and alleviate liver granuloma and fibrosis in the murine model of schistosomiasis. These results implied that the Notch1/Jagged1 signaling-dependent M2 polarization of macrophages might play an important role in liver granuloma and fibrosis in schistosomiasis, and the inhibition of Notch1/Jagged1 signaling might provide a novel therapeutic approach to administrate patients with schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peige Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixiong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College,Haikou, China
| | - Liping Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College,Haikou, China
| | - Zhihong Weng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Elsakkar MG, Eissa MM, Hewedy WA, Nassra RM, Elatrebi SF. Sodium valproate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, with praziquantel ameliorates Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Life Sci 2016; 162:95-101. [PMID: 27528511 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study explores the potential antifibrotic effect of sodium valproate (SV), an inhibitor of class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, and/or praziquantel (PZQ) on Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni)-induced liver fibrosis in mice. MAIN METHODS Male Swiss albino mice were divided into nine groups: group I- normal control (NC); group II- uninfected gum mucilage (GM) treated; group III- uninfected PZQ- treated; group IV- uninfected SV-treated; group V- control S. mansoni infected mice; group VI- infected GM-treated; group VII- infected PZQ-treated; group VIII- infected SV-treated; group IX- infected PZQ+SV treated. All SV administrations were 300mg/kg/day orally and administered for five weeks beginning on the 5th week post infection (WPI). All PZQ administrations were 500mg/kg/day orally and administered for 2 consecutive days beginning on the 7th WPI. Serum transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatic hydroxyproline (Hyp) content, and liver function tests (AST and ALT) were determined. Specimens of the hepatic tissues were examined histologically. KEY FINDINGS Treatment of S. mansoni-infected mice with SV significantly decreased the serum levels of ALT, TGF-β1 and TNF-α, and the liver tissue hydroxyproline content compared with the S. mansoni infected untreated groups. Histologically, treatment with SV revealed regression of the granulomatous inflammatory reaction. Combined treatment with PZQ and SV produces more favorable biochemical results, and aborted granulomatous reaction compared with either drug alone. SIGNIFICANCE Sodium valproate is a promising anti-fibrotic agent. It demonstrated an anti-fibrotic effect in early stages of S. mansoni infection through downregulation of profibrogenic cytokines, and collagen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed G Elsakkar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maha M Eissa
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Hewedy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Rasha M Nassra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Soha F Elatrebi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Jatsa HB, Russo RC, Pereira CADJ, Aguilar EC, Garcia CC, Araújo ES, Oliveira JLR, Rodrigues VF, de Oliveira VG, Alvarez-Leite JI, Braga FC, Kamtchouing P, Negrão-Corrêa DA, Teixeira MM. Improvement of the liver pathology by the aqueous extract and the n-butanol fraction of Sida pilosa Retz in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 180:114-123. [PMID: 26806570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sida pilosa Retz (Malvaceae) is a plant used in Africa for the treatment of intestinal helminthiasis, lower abdominal pains and dysmenorrhea. AIM OF THE STUDY In order to determine the potential use of S. pilosa in the treatment of schistosomiasis mansoni, we evaluated the schistosomicidal, antioxidant and anti-fibrotic properties of the aqueous extract and the n-butanol fraction of its aerial parts. MATERIAL AND METHODS S. pilosa aqueous extract (SpAE) at 100, 200 and 400mg/kg and n-butanol fraction (SpBF) at 50, 100 and 200mg/kg were administered per os to Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice for 4 weeks. Praziquantel (100mg/kg × 5 days) was used as reference drug. After sacrifice, worm burden and egg count, transaminases and proteins levels were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid hydroperoxydes (LOOH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also measured. The anti-fibrotic effect of the plant was evaluated by the determination of hydroxyproline and γ-interferon (IFN-γ). RESULTS The treatment of S. mansoni-infected mice by SpAE or SpBF resulted in a moderate reduction of worm burden and egg load in the liver and intestine. Both SpAE and SpBF significantly reversed the increasing liver proteins, MDA, LOOH and CAT levels induced by the infection. Moreover, SOD activity was improved by SpAE and SpBF. Schistosomiasis mansoni considerably increased the EPO (p<0.001) and MPO activities (p<0.001). SpAE treatment significantly reduced EPO and MPO activities at all doses. SpBF failed to reduce the increasing MPO and decreased EPO only at the highest dose. S. mansoni-infection induced an increase in hydroxyproline content (p<0.001) and a decrease in IFN-γ level (p<0.001). Both SpAE and SpBF significantly reduced hepatic hydroxyproline content, while only SpAE (p<0.05) improved IFN-γ level. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the liver pathology in schistosomiasis mansoni is improved by S. pilosa aqueous extract, which disclosed a moderate schistosomicidal, but strong antioxidant and anti-fibrotic activities. The n-butanol fraction was however less active than the aqueous extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermine Boukeng Jatsa
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 2267, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Laboratory of Schistosomiasis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 2267, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Laboratory of Arterosclerosis and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 2267, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Remo Castro Russo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 2267, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 2267, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Cintia Aparecida de Jesus Pereira
- Laboratory of Schistosomiasis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 2267, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Edenil Costa Aguilar
- Laboratory of Arterosclerosis and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 2267, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Cristiana Couto Garcia
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 2267, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Emília Souza Araújo
- Laboratory of Schistosomiasis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 2267, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Jailza Lima Rodrigues Oliveira
- Laboratory of Schistosomiasis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 2267, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Fernandes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Schistosomiasis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 2267, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius Gustavo de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Schistosomiasis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 2267, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Jacqueline Isaura Alvarez-Leite
- Laboratory of Arterosclerosis and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 2267, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Fernão Castro Braga
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 2267, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Pierre Kamtchouing
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Deborah Aparecida Negrão-Corrêa
- Laboratory of Schistosomiasis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 2267, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 2267, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Derbala M, Elbadri ME, Amer AM, AlKaabi S, Sultan KH, Kamel YM, Elsayed EHS, Avades TY, Chandra P, Shebl FM. Aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index in hepatitis C virus and Schistosomiasis coinfection. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:13132-9. [PMID: 26674154 PMCID: PMC4674732 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i46.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the diagnostic accuracy, of aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) alone and with antischistosomal antibody (Ab) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and schistosomiasis coinfection. METHODS This retrospective study included medical records of three hundred and eighty three Egyptian men patients who had undergone percutaneous liver biopsy between January 2006 to April 2014 in tertiary care hospital in Qatar for diagnosis or monitoring purpose were selected. Data of patients > 18 years of age were included in the study. The values of HCV RNA titer and antischistosomal antibody titer were also taken into consideration. Patients were excluded from the study if they had any other concomitant chronic liver disease, including; history of previous antiviral or interferon therapy, immunosuppressive, therapy, chronic hepatitis B infection, human immunodeficiency virus co-infection, autoimmune hepatitis, decompensated liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, prior liver transplantation, and if no data about the liver biopsy present. RESULTS Median age of patients was 46 years. About 7.1% had no fibrosis, whereas 30.4%, 37.5%, 20.4%, and 4.6% had fibrosis of stage I, II, III, and IV respectively. In bivariate analysis, APRI score, levels of AST, platelet count and age of patient showed statistically significant association with liver fibrosis (P < 0.0001); whereas antischistosomal antibody titer (P = 0.52) and HCV RNA titer (P = 0.79) failed to show a significant association. The respective AUC values for no fibrosis, significant fibrosis, severe fibrosis and cirrhosis of APRI score were 63%, 73.2%, 81.1% and 88.9% respectively. This showed good sensitivity and specificity of APRI alone for grading of liver fibrosis. But the inclusion of anti-Schistosoma antibody did not improve the prediction of fibrosis stage. CONCLUSION The study results suggest that noninvasive biochemical markers like APRI are sensitive and specific in diagnosing the degree of fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with coinfection of HCV and schistosomiasis as compared to biopsy. The addition of antischistosomal Ab to APRI did not improve sensitivity for predicting the degree of cirrhosis.
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WU QW, ZHU X, FU X, YANG JS, CAO ZG, PU C. [Expression of Tim-3 on Peripheral CD56(+) NK Cells and ItsCorrelation with Liver Fibrosis in Patients withAdvanced Schistosomiasis]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2015; 33:346-350. [PMID: 26931038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein 3 (Tim-3) on CD56(+) NK cells in peripheral blood and its correlation with liver fibrosis indicators in patients with advanced schistosomiasis. METHODS Tim-3 expression on CD6(+) NK cells from 28 patients with advanced schistosomiasis and 30 healthy controls was determined by flow cytometry. The serum levels of IFN-y and IL-4 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fibroscan analyzer was used for liver stiffness measurement (LSM) to determine the extent of liver fibrosis. Four serological indicators of liver fibrosis, collagen type III N-peptide (PIIP N-P), Laminin (LN), collagen IV (CIV) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were measured by the Automated Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyzer. RESULTS Flow cytometry analysis showed that Tim-3 expression on CD56(+) NK cells in advanced schistosomiasis patients was (62.3±11.4)%, significantly higher than that (52.1±6.5)% (P< 0.01). In patients with advanced schistosomiasis and the healthy controls, the levels of PIIIP N-P were (86.5±29.5) ng/mL and (22.0±7.8) ng/mL, LN (49.3±21.5) ng/mL and (20.4±6.3) ng/mL, CIV (67.5±22.3) ng/mL and (22.0±3.9) ng/mL, HA (645.9±483.1) ng/mL and (54.7±27.7) ng/mL, respectively. There were significant differences in all these indicators between the two groups (P<0.05). The levels of IFN-y were (93.9?20.1) ng/L and (107.7?24.6) ng/L, and those of IL-4 were (46.6±11.8) ng/L and (28.9±8.9) ng/L respectively in patients with advanced schistosomiasis and the healthy controls, both with significant differences (P<0.05). Spearman nonparametric correlation analysis showed that Tim-3 expression on CD56(+) NK cells in patients was positively correlated with the levels of LSM, PIIIP N-P, LN, CIV and IL-4 (r=0.528-0.834, P<0.01), but negatively with serum IFN-y (r=-0.501, P<0.01). No correlation was found with the HA level (r=0.352, P>0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of Tim-3 on peripheral CD56(+) NK cells increases in patients with advanced schistosomiasis compared with the healthy controls, and it positively correlates with the levels of LSM, PIIIP N-P, LN, CIV and IL-4, four indicators of liver fibrosis.
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Saichua P, Yakovleva A, Kamamia C, Jariwala AR, Sithithaworn J, Sripa B, Brindley PJ, Laha T, Mairiang E, Pairojkul C, Khuntikeo N, Mulvenna J, Sithithaworn P, Bethony JM. Levels of 8-OxodG Predict Hepatobiliary Pathology in Opisthorchis viverrini Endemic Settings in Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003949. [PMID: 26230769 PMCID: PMC4521778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini is distinct among helminth infections as it drives a chronic inflammatory response in the intrahepatic bile duct that progresses from advanced periductal fibrosis (APF) to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Extensive research shows that oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in the transition from chronic O. viverrini infection to CCA. OS also results in the excision of a modified DNA lesion (8-oxodG) into urine, the levels of which can be detected by immunoassay. Herein, we measured concentrations of urine 8-oxodG by immunoassay from the following four groups in the Khon Kaen Cancer Cohort study: (1) O. viverrini negative individuals, (2) O. viverrini positive individuals with no APF as determined by abdominal ultrasound, (3) O. viverrini positive individuals with APF as determined by abdominal ultrasound, and (4) O. viverrini induced cases of CCA. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the utility of creatinine-adjusted urinary 8-oxodG among these groups, along with demographic, behavioral, and immunological risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of urinary 8-oxodG for APF and CCA. Elevated concentrations of 8-oxodG in urine positively associated with APF and CCA in a strongly dose-dependent manner. Urinary 8-oxodG concentrations also accurately predicted whether an individual presented with APF or CCA compared to O. viverrini infected individuals without these pathologies. In conclusion, urinary 8-oxodG is a robust ‘candidate’ biomarker of the progression of APF and CCA from chronic opisthorchiasis, which is indicative of the critical role that OS plays in both of these advanced hepatobiliary pathologies. The findings also confirm our previous observations that severe liver pathology occurs early and asymptomatically in residents of O. viverrini endemic regions, where individuals are infected for years (often decades) with this food-borne pathogen. These findings also contribute to an expanding literature on 8-oxodG in an easily accessible bodily fluid (e.g., urine) as a biomarker in the multistage process of inflammation, fibrogenesis, and infection-induced cancer. Opisthorchis viverrini is a food-borne helminth infection that drives a strong inflammatory response in the bile duct that can result in bile duct fibrosis and bile duct cancer (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma). Extensive research shows that oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in chronic O. viverrini infection transitioning to cancer in the bile duct. OS also results in a modified DNA lesion, referred to as 8-oxodG, excreted in the urine, where it can be detected by an antibody-based test. We measured the concentrations of 8-oxodG in the urine of O. viverrini-infected individuals who had developed bile duct fibrosis or bile duct cancer and compared levels of this metabolite in urine to O. viverrini infected individuals who did not have bile duct fibrosis or cancer in Northeastern Thailand. We determined bile duct fibrosis by ultrasonography and bile duct cancer by immunohistochemistry on resected liver tissue. We then built a statistical model to quantify how well urinary 8-oxodG predicted bile duct fibrosis and bile duct cancer in O. viverrini-infected individuals. We found that individuals with elevated levels of 8-oxodG in urine had a greater probability of developing bile duct fibrosis or bile duct cancer from O. viverrini infection. This association occurred in a strongly dose-dependent manner: in other words, the O. viverrini-infected individuals who had the highest concentration of urinary 8-oxodG also had the highest risk of presenting with bile duct fibrosis or bile duct cancer. In summary, measuring levels of 8-oxodG in the urine offers a unique opportunity to develop a candidate biomarker for advanced O. viverrini induced hepatobiliary pathologies such as fibrosis and cancer. The findings also confirm our previous observations that severe liver pathology occurs early and asymptomatically in residents of O. viverrini endemic regions, where individuals are infected for years (often decades) with this food-borne neglected tropical diseases (NTD) pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasert Saichua
- Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Anna Yakovleva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Christine Kamamia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Amar R. Jariwala
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Jiraporn Sithithaworn
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Paul J. Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jason Mulvenna
- Infections Disease Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jeffrey M. Bethony
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zheng M, Hu K, Liu W, Yu X. [Characterization of a Clonorchis sinensis antigen, calmodulin, and its relationship with liver fibrosis]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2015; 35:659-664. [PMID: 26018258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the biological function of calmodulin (CaM) from Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis, Cs) and investigate its role in clonorchiasis-associated hepatic fibrosis. METHODS The full-length sequence of CsCaM gene was isolated from Cs cDNA library and its homologues were searched using BLASTx for comparison. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to compare the homologues and predict the physiochemical characteristics and functional domains. The gene was cloned in a prokaryotic plasmid and expressed in E. coli, and the recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography for immunizing rats to produce polyclonal antibodies, whose titer was determined using ELISA analysis. Immunoblotting analysis was carried out to determine of the purity and antibody recognition of CsCaM. Immunofluorescence assay was employed to analyze the tissue location of the protein. A rat model of liver fibrosis was established by introperitoneal injection of the recombinant protein. RESULTS The recombinant CsCaM protein obtained contained 150 amino acids with a theoretical molecular mass of 23.4 kD. CsCaM homologue had EF hand motifs. The recombinant pET-30a-CsCaM plasmid expressed in BL21 E. coli was about 23.4 kD. The total IgG antibody titer in the immunized mice reached the peak level (over 1: 51200) 2 to 4 weeks after the first injection. Immunohistochemistry showed that CsCaM located in the testis of adult C. sinensis. The rats receiving intraperitoneal injection of CsCaM showed severe liver inflammation with mild to moderate liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION The pro-inflammation and pro-fibrosis effects of CsCaM in rat liver suggest its involvement in clonorchiasis- associated hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.E-mail:
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Wang B, Liang S, Wang Y, Zhu XQ, Gong W, Zhang HQ, Li Y, Xia CM. Th17 down-regulation is involved in reduced progression of schistosomiasis fibrosis in ICOSL KO mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003434. [PMID: 25590646 PMCID: PMC4295877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Granulomatous and fibrosing inflammation in response to parasite eggs is the main pathology that occurs during infection with Schistosoma spp. CD4+ T cells play critical roles in both host immune responses against parasitic infection and immunopathology in schistosomiasis,and coordinate many types of immune cells that contribute to fibrosis. ICOSL plays an important role in controlling specific aspects of T cell activation, differentiation, and function. Previous work has suggested that ICOS is essential for Th17 cell development. However, the immunopathogenesis of this pathway in schistosomiasis fibrosisis still unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings Using models of schistosomiasis in ICOSL KO and the C57BL/6 WT mice, we studied the role of the ICOSL/ICOS interaction in the mediation of the Th17 response in host granulomatous inflammation, particularly in liver fibrosis during S. japonicum infection, and investigated the immune responses and pathology of ICOSL KO mice in these models. The results showed that ICOSL KO mice exhibited improved survival, reduced liver granulomatous inflammation around parasite eggs, markedly inhibited hepatic fibrosis development, lower levels of Th17-related cytokines (IL-17/IL-21), Th2-related cytokines (IL-4/IL-6/IL-10), a pro-fibrotic cytokine (IL-13), and TGF-β1, but higher level of Th1-related cytokine (IFN-γ) compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The reduced progression of fibrogenesis was correlated with the down-regulation of Th17 and Th2 and the elimination of ICOSL/ICOS interactions. Conclusions/Significance Our findings suggest that IL-17-producing cells contribute to the hepatic granulomatous inflammation and subsequent fibrosis. Importantly, there was a clearly positive correlation between the presence of IL-17-producing cells and ICOS expression in ICOSL KO mice, and additional results indicated that Th17 was involved in the pathological tissue remodeling in liver fibrosis induced by schistosomiasis. The full activation and differentiation of T cells into Th1, Th2 or Th17 cells requires costimulatory molecules and cytokines. ICOS has also been implicated in chronic inflammation and is critical for Th17 cell development. CD4+ IL-17-secreting T cells have been shown to contribute to pathology in some models of liver fibrosis. However, neither the significance nor the immunopathogenesis of this pathway have been elucidated in schistosomiasis fibrosis. The present study used the ICOSL KO mice to assess the role of the ICOSL/ICOS interaction in the mediation of the Th17 response in host granulomatous inflammation, particularly in liver fibrosis during S.japonicum infection. This study further clarifies the immune regulatory mechanism of fibrosis and sheds light on the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of Schistosoma-induced fibrosis. It might reveal new therapeutic targets that interfere with Th17 cell migration or differentiation in granulomas and the subsequent fibrosis following infection with S. japonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou,Jiangsu Province, The Peoples Republic of China
| | - Song Liang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou,Jiangsu Province, The Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou,Jiangsu Province, The Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu Province, The Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou,Jiangsu Province, The Peoples Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qin Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou,Jiangsu Province, The Peoples Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou,Jiangsu Province, The Peoples Republic of China
| | - Chao-Ming Xia
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou,Jiangsu Province, The Peoples Republic of China
- * E-mail: ;
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Cai W, Zhao L, Li HR, Zhang SL. [Influence of kaempferol on TGF-β1/Smads signal path in liver tissue of mice with Schistosoma japonicum infection]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2014; 26:399-419. [PMID: 25434138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of kaempferol on transforming growth factor(TGF-β1/Smads signal tiransduction in liver tissue of mice with schistosomiasis liver fibrosis. METHODS Forty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a normal control group (8 mice), a praziquantel group (8 mice ), and 4 praziquantel + kaempferol groups with different kaempferol dosages (5, 10, 15, 20 mg/kg respectively, 6 mice each group). Besides the normal control group, all the mice in the other 5 groups were infected with Schistosoma japonicum. After the infection for 6 weeks, the praziquantel group and the 4 praziquantel + kaempferol groups were treated with praziquantel 500 mg/(kg.d) for 2 d, then the mice in the praziquantel group were drenched with normal saline for 6 weeks, and those in the 4 praziquantel + kaempferol groups were drenched with kaempferol 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/kg respectively for 6 weeks. After the treatment, all the animals were sacrificed by the cervical dislocation method, and the area of egg granuloma and the degree of fibrosis in the livers of the mice were observed by HE and Masson staining. The expressions of TGF-β1, Smad2/3, Smad7 proteins were measured by the immunohistochemical method, and the mRNA levels of the 3 proteins were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS Compared with the mice in the praziquantel group, the areas of egg granuloma of the liver of the mice in the 4 praziquantel + kaempferol groups were smaller, and the degrees of the hepatic fibrosis of the mice were lesser, and their expressions of Smad2 and Smad3 at protein and their mRNA levels were significantly lower (all P < 0.05), while the expression of Smad7 at protein and its mRNA level were significantly higher (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION By decreasing the expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad2/3, and increasing the expression of Smad7, kaempferol can significantly reduce the degrees of hepatic fibrosis and granuloma caused by schistosome eggs after the praziquantel treatment.
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Liu M, Wu Q, Chen P, Büchele B, Bian M, Dong S, Huang D, Ren C, Zhang Y, Hou X, Simmet T, Shen J. A boswellic acid-containing extract ameliorates schistosomiasis liver granuloma and fibrosis through regulating NF-κB signaling in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100129. [PMID: 24941000 PMCID: PMC4062494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Boswellic acid (BA)-containing extracts such as BSE have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. In chronic schistosomiasis, the hepatic granuloma and fibrosis induced by egg deposition in the liver is the most serious pathological manifestations. However, little is known regarding the role of BAs in Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) egg-induced liver granuloma and fibrosis. In order to investigate the effect of a water-soluble complex preparation of BSE, BSE-CD, on S. japonicum egg-induced liver pathology, liver granuloma and fibrosis were induced by infecting C57BL/6 mice with 18-22 cercariae of S. japonicum. S. japonicum cercariae infected mice were injected with BSE-CD at the onset of egg granuloma formation (early phase BSE-CD treatment after 4 weeks infection) or after the formation of liver fibrosis (late phase BSE-CD treatment after 7 weeks infection). Our data show that treatment of infected mice with BSE-CD significantly reduced both the extent of hepatic granuloma and fibrosis. Consistent with an inhibition of NF-κB signaling as evidenced by reduced IκB kinase (IKK) activation, the mRNA expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNF-α) and MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1, MCP-1) was decreased. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) revealed that the content of α-SMA in liver tissue of BSE-CD treated mice was dramatically decreased. Our findings suggest that BSE-CD treatment attenuates S. japonicum egg-induced hepatic granulomas and fibrosis, at least partly due to reduced NF-κB signaling and the subsequently decreased expression of VEGF, TNF-α, and MCP-1. Suppression of the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) may also be involved in the therapeutic efficacy of BSE-CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingsi Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Clinical Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Berthold Büchele
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maohong Bian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengjian Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hefei Second People’s Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dake Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Ren
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Hou
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail: (TS); (JS)
| | - Jijia Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TS); (JS)
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Wang M, Abais JM, Meng N, Zhang Y, Ritter JK, Li PL, Tang WX. Upregulation of cannabinoid receptor-1 and fibrotic activation of mouse hepatic stellate cells during Schistosoma J. infection: role of NADPH oxidase. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:109-120. [PMID: 24657416 PMCID: PMC6739633 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (CS) has been implicated in the development of hepatic fibrosis such as schistosomiasis-associated liver fibrosis (SSLF). However, the mechanisms mediating the action of the CS in hepatic fibrosis are unclear. The present study hypothesized that Schistosoma J. infection upregulates cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) due to activation of NADPH oxidase leading to a fibrotic phenotype in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The SSLF model was developed by infecting mice with Schistosoma J. cercariae in the skin, and HSCs from control and infected mice were then isolated, cultured, and confirmed by analysis of HSC markers α-SMA and desmin. CB1 significantly increased in HSCs isolated from mice with SSLF, which was accompanied by a greater expression of fibrotic markers α-SMA, collagen I, and TIMP-1. CB1 upregulation and enhanced fibrotic changes were also observed in normal HSCs treated with soluble egg antigen (SEA) from Schistosoma J. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis further demonstrated that superoxide (O2(-)) production was increased in infected HSCs or normal HSCs stimulated with SEA. Both Nox4 and Nox1 siRNA prevented SEA-induced upregulation of CB1, α-SMA, collagen I, and TIMP-1 by inhibition of O2(-) production, while CB1 siRNA blocked SEA-induced fibrotic changes without effect on O2(-) production in these HSCs. Taken together, these data suggest that the fibrotic activation of HSCs on Schistosoma J. infection or SEA stimulation is associated with NADPH oxidase-mediated redox regulation of CB1 expression, which may be a triggering mechanism for SSLF.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigens, Helminth/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Helminth/pharmacology
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Desmin/genetics
- Desmin/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/drug effects
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/metabolism
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/parasitology
- Host-Parasite Interactions
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/parasitology
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/complications
- Liver Cirrhosis/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis/parasitology
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/genetics
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidase 1
- NADPH Oxidase 4
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Schistosoma japonicum/physiology
- Schistosomiasis japonica/complications
- Schistosomiasis japonica/genetics
- Schistosomiasis japonica/parasitology
- Schistosomiasis japonica/pathology
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/genetics
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Justine M Abais
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Nan Meng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Joseph K Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Wang-Xian Tang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
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El-Mahdi MM, Mansour WA, Hammam O, Mehana NA, Hussein TM. Ameliorative effect of bone marrow-derived stem cells on injured liver of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Korean J Parasitol 2014; 52:151-62. [PMID: 24850958 PMCID: PMC4028452 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The technique of stem cells or hepatocytes transplantation has recently improved in order to bridge the time before whole-organ liver transplantation. In the present study, unfractionated bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were harvested from the tibial and femoral marrow compartments of male mice, which were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with and without hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and then transplanted into Schistosoma mansoni-infected female mice on their 8th week post-infection. Mice were sacrificed monthly until the third month of bone marrow transplantation, serum was collected, and albumin concentration, ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were assayed. On the other hand, immunohistopathological and immunohistochemical changes of granuloma size and number, collagen content, and cells expressing OV-6 were detected for identification of liver fibrosis. BMSCs were shown to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells. Serum ALT, AST, and ALP were markedly reduced in the group of mice treated with BMSCs than in the untreated control group. Also, granuloma showed a marked decrease in size and number as compared to the BMSCs untreated group. Collagen content showed marked decrease after the third month of treatment with BMSCs. On the other hand, the expression of OV-6 increased detecting the presence of newly formed hepatocytes after BMSCs treatment. BMSCs with or without HGF infusion significantly enhanced hepatic regeneration in S. mansoni-induced fibrotic liver model and have pathologic and immunohistopathologic therapeutic effects. Also, this new therapeutic trend could generate new hepatocytes to improve the overall liver functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda M El-Mahdi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Mansour
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Olfat Hammam
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha A Mehana
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Taghreed M Hussein
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Zhou CQ, Wang YY, Wang XL. [The role of transforming growth factor beta1 R II and interleukin 13 Ralpha2 in schistosomiasis-induced hepatic fibrosis]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2013; 31:400-405. [PMID: 24818400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis results from excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components which are produced from the activated hepatic stellate cells in liver. Cytokine network disorder is the essential cause of the development of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) and interleukin 13 (IL-13) promote fibrosis through hepatic stellate cell membrane-specific receptor. This paper reviews the effects of TGF-beta1 type II (TGF-beta1 R II) receptor and IL-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13 Ralpha2) on hepatic fibrosis.
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Wang Y, Cai R, Wang B, Xia CM. [Effect of immune response mediated by ICOS signaling pathway on hepatic fibrosis in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2013; 31:329-336. [PMID: 24818383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Th2 polarization mediated by ICOS signaling pathway on hepatic fibrosis in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. METHODS ICOS transgenic (ICOS-Tg) mice and wild-type FVB/NJ mice were used as experimental schistosomiasis model. The sera, livers and spleen lymphocytes of mice were collected, and spleen lymphocytes were stimulated with SEA for 72 h on the day before infection (0 week), and at 4, 7, 12, 16 and 20 weeks post-infection. The concentrations of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) in the culture supernatants were measured with sandwich ELISA kit. The levels of SEA-specific antibodies of IgG and its subtypes (IgG1 and IgG2a) in mice sera were measured by ELISA. The concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA) and hydroxyproline (HYP) in mice sera were measured with sandwich ELISA kit. The expression of alpha-SMA, TGF-beta1 and collagen-I in livers from ICOS-Tg/wild-type mice were assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Liver granulomatous pathology and fibrosis level in ICOS-Tg/wild-type mice was dynamically observed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson trichrome staining, respectively. RESULTS The levels of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) of ICOS-Tg mice were significantly higher than that of wild-type FVB/NJ mice on 7, 12, 16, and 20 weeks post-infection (P < 0.05). However, Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-12 showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Th2 differentiation index of ICOS-Tg mice was significantly higher than that of wild-type mice on 7, 12, 16 and 20 weeks post-infection (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with wild-type mice, the levels of SEA-specific antibodies of IgG and its subtypes (IgG1 and IgG2a) in ICOS-Tg mice increased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01, except IgG on 4 and 7 weeks post-infection). Moreover, the ratio of IgG1/IgG2a in ICOS-Tg mice (5.75 +/- 0.94, 4.96 +/- 0.98) were significantly higher than that of wild-type mice (4.31 +/- 0.81, 3.41 +/- 0.83) on 12 and 16 weeks post-infection (P < 0.05). The levels of HA on 7, 12, 16, and 20 weeks post-infection (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and HYP on 12, 16, and 20 weeks post-infection (P < 0.05) in ICOS-Tg mice were significantly higher than that of wild-type mice. Immunohistochemical staining showed, from 7 to 20 weeks post-infection, alpha-SMA and TGF-beta1 expression in liver of ICOS-Tg mice was significantly higher than that of wild-type mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); collagen-I level was also higher than wild-type mice. However, there was a significant difference in collagen-I level between the two groups on 20 weeks post-infection (P < 0.05). Furthermore, HE staining showed, on 7, 12, and 16 weeks post-infection, single-egg granuloma volume of ICOS-Tg mice [(28.72 +/- 6.68) x 10(6), (20.47 +/- 5.09) x 10(6) and (12.77 +/- 4.86) x 10(6) microm 3] was significantly higher than that of wild-type mice [(18.04 +/- 6.21) x 10(6), (15.28 +/- 4.87) x 10(6) and (11.24 +/- 4.38) x 10(6) microm 3]. Masson staining showed that level of hepatic fibrosis in ICOS-Tg mice were higher than that of wild-type mice, but the fibrosis scores showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Th2 immune response is up-regulated in ICOS-Tg mice infected with S. japonicum, and the degree of hepatic fibrosis and related indicators increase. These findings suggest that Th2 polarization mediated by ICOS signaling plays a role in hepatic fibrosis formation in mice infected with S. japonicum.
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Aly HF, Mantawy MM. Efficiency of ginger (Zingbar officinale) against Schistosoma mansoni infection during host-parasite association. Parasitol Int 2013; 62:380-9. [PMID: 23583317 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The possible protective effect of ethanolic extract of ginger against infection with Schistosome mansonii was evaluated in mice. The extract was given daily for 45 days beginning at either 2nd day or 45 days post infection. Oral supplementation of ginger extract to infected animals was effective in reducing worm burden and the egg load in the liver and intestine which coincided with the reduction in granuloma diameters. Ginger extract had also the effect to offset liver fibrosis in response to S. mansoni infection indicated by reduced liver hydroxyproline level and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The extract reduces some inflammatory mediators that play a crucial role in schistosomal liver fibrosis and its complications. These include liver xanthine oxidase (XO); nitric oxide (NO); tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); immunoglobins E, G, and M (Ig-E, Ig-G and Ig-M, respectively), and interleukin 4, 10 and 12 (IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12, respectively). Administration of ginger extract ameliorated the infection-induced alterations in serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine amintransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). It was concluded that oral administration of ginger extract to S. mansoni infected mice could minimize the deleterious effects of this parasite on the vital functions of infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan F Aly
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
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Wu ZL, He L. [Advances in traditional Chinese medicine treatment of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2013; 25:422-424. [PMID: 24358758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent years, three is a lot of literature in traditional Chinese medicine treatment of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis, and the clinical experiences are very rich. This paper reviews the data of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment, and basic prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine for schistosomiasis liver fibrosis, and proposes the individual treatment ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-lian Wu
- Basic Medical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li He
- Basic Medical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Anthony BJ, James KR, Gobert GN, Ramm GA, McManus DP. Schistosomajaponicum Eggs Induce a Proinflammatory, Anti-Fibrogenic Phenotype in Hepatic Stellate Cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68479. [PMID: 23840855 PMCID: PMC3686876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis induced by egg deposition is the most serious pathology associated with chronic schistosomiasis, in which the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) plays a central role. While the effect of Schistosoma mansoni eggs on the fibrogenic phenotype of HSCs has been investigated, studies determining the effect of eggs of S. japonicum on HSCs are lacking. Disease caused by S. japonicum is much more severe than that resulting from S. mansoni infection so it is important to compare the pathologies caused by these two parasites, to determine whether this phenotype is due to the species interacting differently with the mammalian host. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of S. japonicum eggs on the human HSC cell line, LX-2, with and without TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor beta) co-treatment, so as to determine the impact on genes associated with fibrogenesis, inflammation and matrix re-organisation. Activation status of HSCs was assessed by αSMA (Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin) immunofluorescence, accumulation of Oil Red O-stained lipid droplets and the relative expression of selected genes associated with activation. The fibrogenic phenotype of HSCs was inhibited by the presence of eggs both with or without TGF-β treatment, as evidenced by a lack of αSMA staining and reduced gene expression of αSMA and Col1A1 (Collagen 1A1). Unlike S. mansoni-treated cells, however, expression of the quiescent HSC marker PPAR-γ (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma) was not increased, nor was there accumulation of lipid droplets. In contrast, S. japonicum eggs induced the mRNA expression of MMP-9 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 9), CCL2 (Chemokine (C-C motif) Ligand 2) and IL-6 (Interleukin 6) in HSCs indicating that rather than inducing complete HSC quiescence, the eggs induced a proinflammatory phenotype. These results suggest HSCs in close proximity to S. japonicum eggs in the liver may play a role in the proinflammatory regulation of hepatic granuloma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrie J. Anthony
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Kylie R. James
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Geoffrey N. Gobert
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Grant A. Ramm
- The Hepatic Fibrosis Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald P. McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
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Abdel-Rahman M, El-Sayed M, El Raziky M, Elsharkawy A, El-Akel W, Ghoneim H, Khattab H, Esmat G. Coinfection with hepatitis C virus and schistosomiasis: Fibrosis and treatment response. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:2691-2696. [PMID: 23674877 PMCID: PMC3645388 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i17.2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess whether schistosomiasis coinfection with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) influences hepatic fibrosis and pegylated-interferon/ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RIB) therapy response.
METHODS: This study was designed as a retrospective analysis of 3596 chronic HCV patients enrolled in the Egyptian National Program for HCV treatment with PEG-IFN/RIB. All patients underwent liver biopsy and anti-schistosomal antibodies testing prior to HCV treatment. The serology results were used to categorize the patients into group A (positive schistosomal serology) or group B (negative schistosomal serology). Patients in group A were given oral antischistosomal treatment (praziquantel, single dose) at four weeks prior to PEG-IFN/RIB. All patients received a 48-wk course of PEG-IFN (PEG-IFNα2a or PEG-IFNα2b)/RIB therapy. Clinical and laboratory follow-up examinations were carried out for 24 wk after cessation of therapy (to week 72). Correlations of positive schistosomal serology with fibrosis and treatment response were assessed by multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS: Schistosomal antibody was positive in 27.3% of patients (15.9% females and 84.1% males). The patients in group A were older (P = 0.008) and had a higher proportion of males (P = 0.002) than the patients in group B. There was no significant association between fibrosis stage and positive schistosomal serology (P = 0.703). Early virological response was achieved in significantly more patients in group B than in group A (89.4% vs 86.5%, P = 0.015). However, significantly more patients in group A experienced breakthrough at week 24 than patients in group B (36.3% vs 32.3%, P = 0.024). End of treatment response was achieved in more patients in group B than in group A (62.0% vs 59.1%) but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.108). Sustained virological response occurred in significantly more patients in group B than in group A (37.6% vs 27.7%, P = 0.000). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of patient data at treatment weeks 48 and 72 showed that positive schistosomal serology was associated with failure of response to treatment at week 48 (OR = 1.3, P = 0.02) and at week 72 (OR = 1.7, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Positive schistosomal serology has no effect on fibrosis staging but is significantly associated with failure of response to HCV treatment despite antischistosomal therapy.
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Niu XH, Hua HY, Guo WJ, Zhang Y, Liu M, Hong Y, Wu PF, Lu P, Zhang HF. [Clinical efficiency of tanshinone IIA-sulfonate in treatment of liver fibrosis of advanced schistosomiasis]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2013; 25:137-140. [PMID: 23894832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficiency of tanshinone IIA-sulfonate (STS) in the treatment of liver fibrosis of advanced schistosomiasis. METHODS A total of 73 advanced schistosomiasis patients were selected into a treatment group and 55 cases of advanced schistosomiasis were selected into a control group, and dipstick dye immunoassay assay (DDIA) for schistosomiasis and HBsAg of all the patients were negative. The patients in the treatment group received STS for 14 days, and all the patients in both groups received the conventional liver-protecting treatment for 14 days. All the patients in both groups received the measurements of portal vein, 4 indicators of liver fibrosis (P III P, C IV, HA, LN), and 3 indicators of serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, gamma-GT). RESULTS After the treatments, the inside diameters of the portal vein and the degrees of the positive results of indicators of serum enzyme activities of all the patients of both groups decreased, but there were no statistically significant differences compared with those before the treatment. In the treatment group, the degrees of the positive results of indicators of liver fibrosis decreased somewhat, but there were no statistically significant differences compared with those before the treatment except C IV. In the control group, the degrees of the positive results of indicators of liver fibrosis fluctuated. In the treatment group, the indicator of liver fibrosis, CIV improved and the 2 indicators of liver fibrosis, PIIIP and HA improved significantly, but the indicators of serum enzyme activities did not improve. CONCLUSION STS is effective in the treatment of liver fibrosis of advanced schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Hua Niu
- Third People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan 215316, Jiangsu, China
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Zhang BB, Cai WM, Tao J, Zheng M, Liu RH. [Expression of Smad proteins in the process of liver fibrosis in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2013; 31:89-94. [PMID: 24809185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression of Smads proteins involved in TGF-beta1 signal transduction during the process of liver fibrosis in BALB/c mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. METHODS Thirty-four BALB/c mice were each infected with (20 +/- 1) S. japonicum cercariae. The mice were sacrificed at 8, 12, 16 and 24 weeks postinfection. Ten healthy BALB/c mice served as normal control group. The liver tissues were fixed in 10% formaldehyde for histology and immunohistochemistry assay. The single-egg granuloma area was measured in hematoxylin-eosin stain section. The degree of liver fibrosis was determined by Sirius red staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of Smad protein. RESULTS The area of single-egg granuloma peaked at 8th week post-infection [(533 +/- 1.03) mm2], and with time passing, the area diminished, and the area of granuloma reduced to (2.94 +/- 1.69) mm2 at 24 weeks post-infection. The difference was significant among the 4 periods after infection in single-egg granuloma area (P < 0.05). Collagen fibers appeared around granulomas at 8 weeks (2.03 +/- 0.52) and increased gradually. At 24 weeks post-infection, the degree of liver fibrosis reached a peak (6.90 +/- 1.57), and the liver fibrosis degree was significantly different among infection groups (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed low expression level of Smad2/3 and Smad7 and inconspicuous level of Smad4 in livers of the normal mice. The expression of Smad2/3 was found mostly in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells around granulomas at 8th week post-infection, and the positive area of Smad2/3 was (7.24 +/- 1.64)% by semi-quantity. At 12 weeks post-infection, the Smad2/3 protein expression level around granulomas and liver sinus reached the peak [(10.01 +/- l.07)%], and there was significant difference between infection groups and the control [(2.13 +/- 0.32)%]. A significant difference in the Smad2/3 protein expression level was found between 12 weeks post-infection group and 8 weeks or 16 weeks post-infection groups. The expression level of Smad4 was (8.81 +/- 1.13)% at 8th week post-infection, higher than that in the control [(4.83 +/- 1.15)%] (P < 0.05). There was no difference among the infected mice at different periods in the level of Smad4 (P > 0.05). After 8 weeks post infection, Smad7 protein sparsely appeared around the granuloma [(4.15 +/- 1.26)%] while it disappeared around liver sinus. At 12 weeks post-infection, the level of Smad7 protein was higher [(6.34 +/- 1.5)%], but with prolonged infection time, no significant difference was revealed (P > 0.05). The level of Smad7 in infected mice was higher than that in the control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Resylts show high expression for Smad2/3 and Smad7 and low expression level of Smad4 during the process of liver fibrosis in BALB/c mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum.
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Chen BL, Peng J, Li QF, Yang M, Wang Y, Chen W. Exogenous bone morphogenetic protein-7 reduces hepatic fibrosis in Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice via transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:1405-1415. [PMID: 23539268 PMCID: PMC3602500 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i9.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the antifibrotic effects of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum)-induced hepatic fibrosis in BALB/C mice.
METHODS: Sixty BALB/C mice were randomly divided into three groups, including a control group (group A, n = 20), model group (group B, n = 20) and BMP-7 treated group (group C, n = 20). The mice in group B and group C were abdominally infected with S. japonicum cercariae to induce a schistosomal hepatic fibrosis model. The mice in group C were administered human recombinant BMP-7. Liver samples were extracted from mice sacrificed at 9 and 15 wk after modeling. Hepatic histopathological changes were assessed using Masson’s staining. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), phosphorylated Smad2/3 (pSmad2/3) and Smad7 protein levels and localization were measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively, and their mRNA expressions were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
RESULTS: The schistosomal hepatic fibrosis mouse model was successfully established, as the livers of mice in group B and group C showed varying degrees of typical schistosomal hepatopathologic changes such as egg granuloma and collagen deposition. The degree of collagen deposition in group C was higher than that in group A (week 9: 22.95 ± 6.66 vs 2.02 ± 0.76; week 15: 12.84 ± 4.36 vs 1.74 ± 0.80; P < 0.05), but significantly lower than that in group B (week 9: 22.95 ± 6.66 vs 34.43 ± 6.96; week 15: 12.84 ± 4.36 vs 18.90 ± 5.07; P < 0.05) at both time points. According to immunohistochemistry data, the expressions of α-SMA, TGF-β1 and pSmad2/3 protein in group C were higher than those in group A (α-SMA: week 9: 21.24 ± 5.73 vs 0.33 ± 0.20; week 15: 12.42 ± 4.88 vs 0.34 ± 0.27; TGF-β1: week 9: 37.00 ± 13.74 vs 3.73 ± 2.14; week 15: 16.71 ± 9.80 vs 3.08 ± 2.35; pSmad2/3: week 9: 12.92 ± 4.81 vs 0.83 ± 0.48; week 15: 7.87 ± 4.09 vs 0.90 ± 0.45; P < 0.05), but significantly lower than those in group B (α-SMA: week 9: 21.24 ± 5.73 vs 34.39 ± 5.74; week 15: 12.42 ± 4.88 vs 25.90 ± 7.01; TGF-β1: week 9: 37.00 ± 13.74 vs 55.66 ± 14.88; week 15: 16.71 ± 9.80 vs 37.10 ± 12.51; pSmad2/3: week 9: 12.92 ± 4.81 vs 19.41 ± 6.87; week 15: 7.87 ± 4.09 vs 13.00 ± 4.98; P < 0.05) at both time points; the expression of Smad7 protein in group B was higher than that in group A and group C at week 9 (8.46 ± 3.95 vs 1.00 ± 0.40 and 8.46 ± 3.95 vs 0.77 ± 0.42; P < 0.05), while there were no differences in Smad7 expression between the three groups at week 15 (1.09 ± 0.38 vs 0.97 ± 0.42 vs 0.89 ± 0.39; P > 0.05). Although minor discrepancies were observed, the results of RT-PCR and Western blotting were mainly consistent with the immunohistochemical results.
CONCLUSION: Exogenous BMP-7 significantly decreased the degree of hepatic fibrosis in both the acute and chronic stages of hepato-schistosomiasis, and the regulatory mechanism may involve the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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Liu P, Wang M, Lu XD, Zhang SJ, Tang WX. Schistosoma japonicum egg antigen up-regulates fibrogenesis and inhibits proliferation in primary hepatic stellate cells in a concentration-dependent manner. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:1230-1238. [PMID: 23482848 PMCID: PMC3587479 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i8.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) egg antigen on fibrogenesis and apoptosis in primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).
METHODS: A mouse model of schistosomiasis-associated liver fibrosis (SSLF) was established by infecting mice with schistosomal cercaria via the abdomen. HSCs were isolated from SSLF mice by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation, and their identity was confirmed by immunofluorescence double staining of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and desmin. The growth inhibitory effect and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of S. japonicum egg antigen for primary HSCs (24 h) were determined using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The expression levels of α-SMA, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMOL/LP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in HSCs in response to different concentrations of S. japonicum egg antigen were detected by Western blotting and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The levels of phospho-P38 (P-P38), phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase (P-JNK) and phospho-Akt (P-AKT) in HSCs were detected by Western blotting.
RESULTS: An SSLF mouse model was established, and primary HSCs were successfully isolated and cultured. S. japonicum egg antigen inhibited HSC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 of the S. japonicum egg antigen was 244.53 ± 35.26 μg/mL. S. japonicum egg antigen enhanced α-SMA expression at both the mRNA and protein levels and enhanced TIMP-1 expression at the mRNA level in HSCs (P < 0.05), whereas the expression of MMOL/LP-9 was attenuated at both the mRNA and protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). A high concentration of S. japonicum egg antigen enhanced P-P38, P-JNK and P-AKT activation (P < 0.05). The changes in α-SMA and MMOL/LP-9 expression induced by S. japonicum egg antigen were closely correlated with P-P38 and P-JNK activation (P < 0.05). The attenuation of MMOL/LP-9 was also correlated with P-AKT activation (P < 0.05), but the increase in α-SMA expression was not. TIMP-1 expression was not correlated with P-P38, P-JNK or P-AKT activation.
CONCLUSION: S. japonicum egg antigen promotes fibrogenesis, activates the P38/JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT/PI3K signaling pathways and inhibits proliferation in primary HSCs isolated from SSLF mice in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Liu M, Chen P, Büchele B, Dong S, Huang D, Ren C, Zhang Y, Hou X, Simmet T, Shen J. A boswellic acid-containing extract attenuates hepatic granuloma in C57BL/6 mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Parasitol Res 2012; 112:1105-11. [PMID: 23271565 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Granuloma formation has been shown to be induced and elicited by schistosome egg antigens, and it finally develops into fibrosis in intestine and the liver. Hepatic fibrosis is the main cause of increased morbidity and mortality in humans infected with schistosomes. Boswellic acid (BA)-containing extracts such as extracts of the oleogum resin from Boswellia serrata (BSE) have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. However, little is known about the role of such extracts in schistosome egg-induced granulomatous inflammation. In order to investigate the effect of a watersoluble cyclodextrin complex preparation of BSE (BSE-CD) on Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) egg-induced liver granuloma, mice infected with S. japonicum cercariae were injected with BSE-CD during egg granuloma formation. The data showed that BSE-CD significantly reduced the size of liver granuloma and levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST); however, BSE-CD treatment had no effect on worm load and egg burden. The data also showed that BSE-CD significantly decreased the expression of leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), as well as the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) in liver both on the mRNA and protein level. Thus, BSE-CD can significantly attenuate S. japonicum egg-induced hepatic granuloma, which may be partly dependent on the downregulation of some biochemical mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
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