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Li Y, Guo S, Wu X, Wan J, Guan Y, Luo C, Chen Q, Jiang H, Lin H, Qian H, Shi W, Fan W. Novel CCR3-targeted cyclic peptides as potential therapeutic agents for age-related macular degeneration via inhibiting angiogenesis and reducing retinal photoreceptor damage. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107405. [PMID: 38696843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The prolonged intravitreal administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs is prone to inducing aberrant retinal vascular development and causing damage to retinal neurons. Hence, we have taken an alternative approach by designing and synthesizing a series of cyclic peptides targeting CC motif chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3). Based on the binding mode of the N-terminal region in CCR3 protein to CCL11, we used computer-aided identification of key amino acid sequence, conformational restriction through different cyclization methods, designed and synthesized a series of target cyclic peptides, and screened the preferred compound IB-2 through affinity. IB-2 exhibits excellent anti-angiogenic activity in HRECs. The apoptosis level of 661W cells demonstrated a significant decrease with the escalating concentration of IB-2. This suggests that IB-2 may have a protective effect on photoreceptor cells. In vivo experiments have shown that IB-2 significantly reduces retinal vascular leakage and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) area in a laser-induced mouse model of CNV. These findings indicate the potential of IB-2 as a safe and effective therapeutic agent for AMD, warranting further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shu'ai Guo
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinjing Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiale Wan
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yonghui Guan
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chenghui Luo
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wei Shi
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wen Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Chen X, Zhang S, Yang L, Kong Q, Zhang W, Zhang J, Hao X, So KF, Xu Y. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate-enriched wolfberry extract improves vision in a mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302742. [PMID: 38768144 PMCID: PMC11104671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (ZD) is a chemical extracted from wolfberry that protects degenerated photoreceptors in mouse retina. However, the pure ZD is expensive and hard to produce. In this study, we developed a method to enrich ZD from wolfberry on a production line and examined whether it may also protect the degenerated mouse retina. The ZD-enriched wolfberry extract (ZDE) was extracted from wolfberry by organic solvent method, and the concentration of ZD was identified by HPLC. The adult C57BL/6 mice were treated with ZDE or solvent by daily gavage for 2 weeks, at the end of the first week the animals were intraperitoneally injected with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea to induce photoreceptor degeneration. Then optomotor, electroretinogram, and immunostaining were used to test the visual behavior, retinal light responses, and structure. The final ZDE product contained ~30mg/g ZD, which was over 9 times higher than that from the dry fruit of wolfberry. Feeding degenerated mice with ZDE significantly improved the survival of photoreceptors, enhanced the retinal light responses and the visual acuity. Therefore, our ZDE product successfully alleviated retinal morphological and functional degeneration in mouse retina, which may provide a basis for further animal studies for possible applying ZDE as a supplement to treat degenerated photoreceptor in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongmin Chen
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sensen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Bairuiyuan Gouqi Corp., Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Qihang Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Bairuiyuan Gouqi Corp., Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Jinhong Zhang
- Bairuiyuan Gouqi Corp., Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Xiangfeng Hao
- Bairuiyuan Gouqi Corp., Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Li D, Chang J, Wang Y, Du X, Xu J, Cui J, Zhang T, Chen Y. Hyperoside mitigates photoreceptor degeneration in part by targeting cGAS and suppressing DNA-induced microglial activation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:76. [PMID: 38755736 PMCID: PMC11097432 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Activated microglia play an important role in driving photoreceptor degeneration-associated neuroinflammation in the retina. Controlling pro-inflammatory activation of microglia holds promise for mitigating the progression of photoreceptor degeneration. Our previous study has demonstrated that pre-light damage treatment of hyperoside, a naturally occurring flavonol glycoside with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, prevents photooxidative stress-induced photoreceptor degeneration and neuroinflammatory responses in the retina. However, the direct impact of hyperoside on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation during photoreceptor degeneration remains unknown. Upon verifying the anti-inflammatory effects of hyperoside in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells, our results here further demonstrated that post-light damage hyperoside treatment mitigated the loss of photoreceptors and attenuated the functional decline of the retina. Meanwhile, post-light damage hyperoside treatment lowered neuroinflammatory responses and dampened microglial activation in the illuminated retinas. With respect to microglial activation, hyperoside mitigated the pro-inflammatory responses in DNA-stimulated BV-2 cells and lowered DNA-stimulated production of 2'3'-cGAMP in BV-2 cells. Moreover, hyperoside was shown to directly interact with cGAS and suppress the enzymatic activity of cGAS in a cell-free system. In conclusion, the current study suggests for the first time that the DNA sensor cGAS is a direct target of hyperoside. Hyperoside is effective at mitigating DNA-stimulated cGAS-mediated pro-inflammatory activation of microglia, which likely contributes to the therapeutic effects of hyperoside at curtailing neuroinflammation and alleviating neuroinflammation-instigated photoreceptor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijin Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xiaoye Du
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Jingang Cui
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
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Lee TT, Bell BA, Anderson BD, Song Y, Dunaief JL. Tamoxifen protects photoreceptors in the sodium iodate model. Exp Eye Res 2024; 242:109879. [PMID: 38570182 PMCID: PMC11055656 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Because the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen was shown to be retina-protective in the light damage and rd10 models of retinal degeneration, the purpose of this study was to test whether tamoxifen is retina-protective in a model where retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) toxicity appears to be the primary insult: the sodium iodate (NaIO3) model. C57Bl/6J mice were given oral tamoxifen (in the diet) or the same diet lacking tamoxifen, then given an intraperitoneal injection of NaIO3 at 25 mg/kg. The mice were imaged a week later using optical coherence tomography (OCT). ImageJ with a custom macro was utilized to measure retinal thicknesses in OCT images. Electroretinography (ERG) was used to measure retinal function one week post-injection. After euthanasia, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed. Tamoxifen administration partially protected photoreceptors. There was less photoreceptor layer thinning in OCT images of tamoxifen-treated mice. qRT-PCR revealed, in the tamoxifen-treated group, less upregulation of antioxidant and complement factor 3 mRNAs, and less reduction in the rhodopsin and short-wave cone opsin mRNAs. Furthermore, ERG results demonstrated preservation of photoreceptor function for the tamoxifen-treated group. Cone function was better protected than rods. These results indicate that tamoxifen provided structural and functional protection to photoreceptors against NaIO3. RPE cells were not protected. These neuroprotective effects suggest that estrogen-receptor modulation may be retina-protective. The fact that cones are particularly protected is intriguing given their importance for human visual function and their survival until the late stages of retinitis pigmentosa. Further investigation of this protective pathway could lead to new photoreceptor-protective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy T Lee
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brent A Bell
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brandon D Anderson
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ying Song
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joshua L Dunaief
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Tahia F, Basu SK, Prislovsky A, Mondal K, Ma D, Kochat H, Brown K, Stephenson DJ, Chalfant CE, Mandal N. Sphingolipid biosynthetic inhibitor L-Cycloserine prevents oxidative-stress-mediated death in an in vitro model of photoreceptor-derived 661W cells. Exp Eye Res 2024; 242:109852. [PMID: 38460719 PMCID: PMC11089890 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Retinal degeneration causes irreversible death of photoreceptor cells, ultimately leading to vision loss. Under oxidative stress, the synthesis of bioactive sphingolipid ceramide increases, triggering apoptosis in photoreceptor cells and leading to their death. This study investigates the effect of L-Cycloserine, a small molecule inhibitor of ceramide biosynthesis, on sphingolipid metabolism and the protection of photoreceptor-derived 661W cells from oxidative stress. The results demonstrate that treatment with L-Cycloserine, an inhibitor of Serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT), markedly decreases bioactive ceramide and associated sphingolipids in 661W cells. A nontoxic dose of L-Cycloserine can provide substantial protection of 661W cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress by reversing the increase in ceramide level observed under oxidative stress conditions. Analysis of various antioxidant, apoptotic and sphingolipid pathway genes and proteins also confirms the ability of L-Cycloserine to modulate these pathways. Our findings elucidate the generation of sphingolipid mediators of cell death in retinal cells under oxidative stress and the potential of L-Cycloserine as a therapeutic candidate for targeting ceramide-induced degenerative diseases by inhibiting SPT. The promising therapeutic prospect identified in our findings lays the groundwork for further validation in in-vivo and preclinical models of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Tahia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Sandip K Basu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Amanda Prislovsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA; Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, 38104, USA
| | - Koushik Mondal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Dejian Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Harry Kochat
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Kennard Brown
- Office of Executive Vice Chancellor and Chief Operations Officer, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Daniel J Stephenson
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Charles E Chalfant
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA; Research Service, Richmond Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond VA, 23298, USA
| | - Nawajes Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA; Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, 38104, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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Wang Y, Zhao X, Gao M, Wan X, Guo Y, Qu Y, Chen Y, Li T, Liu H, Jiang M, Wang F, Sun X. Myosin 1f-mediated activation of microglia contributes to the photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of retinal detachment. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:926. [PMID: 34628463 PMCID: PMC8502177 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptor death and neurodegeneration is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss. The inflammatory response of microglia plays an important role in the process of neurodegeneration. In this study, we chose retinal detachment as the model of photoreceptor degeneration. We found Myosin 1f was upregulated after retinal detachment, and it was specifically expressed in microglia. Deficiency of myosin 1f protected against photoreceptor apoptosis by inhibiting microglia activation. The elimination of microglia can abolish the protective effect of myosin 1f deficiency. After stimulation by LPS, microglia with myosin 1f deficiency showed downregulation of the MAPK and AKT pathways. Our results demonstrated that myosin 1f plays a crucial role in microglia-induced neuroinflammation after retinal injury and photoreceptor degeneration by regulating two classic inflammatory pathways and thereby decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Knockout of myosin 1f reduces the intensity of the immune response and prevents cell death of photoreceptor, suggesting that myosin 1f can be inhibited to prevent a decline in visual acuity after retinal detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Wang
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zhao
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Gao
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wan
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinong Guo
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Qu
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Li
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zhou Y, Zhou G. Alterations of Lipidomes in Rat Photoreceptor Degeneration Induced by N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea. Lipids 2021; 56:437-448. [PMID: 34058794 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To investigate alterations of lipidomes in the progress of photoreceptor degeneration induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in a rat model, retinal lipid molecular species in adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at 1, 3, and 7 days after MNU administration and age-matched controls were analyzed by the shotgun lipidomics technology. Moreover, total fatty acid levels in retinal, liver, and plasma samples of different groups were determined with gas chromatography. Generally, at day 1, the levels of ethanolamine plasmalogen species in retinas were markedly elevated after treatment with MNU, while the contents of other phospholipids and sphingolipids in the retina were not significantly changed than those of the control group. The compositions of almost all of unsaturated fatty acids in the retina increased significantly at day 1 after MNU administration. At day 7, the MNU treatment group has significant increases in lipid species in the retina. However, the majority of lipids containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6) declined, especially di-DHA phospholipids were dramatically reduced in the retina. In contrast, similar alterations did not occur in plasma or the liver after MNU treatment. These results suggested that at the early stage of photoreceptor degeneration, lipidome remodeling in the retina might involve protection of photoreceptor from apoptosis and continue their transduction of light. However, at the late stage of photoreceptor apoptosis, increases in comprehensive lipid species occurred, likely due to the myelination of the retina. Finally, the deficiency of DHA in photoreceptor degeneration could exacerbate the influence of myelination on retinal function. We further investigated the effects of unsaturated fatty acids on neuronal apoptosis. The preliminary experiments confirmed our observation from lipidomics analysis that unsaturated fatty acids can protect neurons from apoptosis. Collectively, our study suggests that increased levels of DHA should be protective from photoreceptor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guomin Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Terauchi R, Kohno H, Watanabe S, Saito S, Watanabe A, Nakano T. Minocycline decreases CCR2-positive monocytes in the retina and ameliorates photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0239108. [PMID: 33886548 PMCID: PMC8062037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal inflammation accelerates photoreceptor cell death caused by retinal degeneration. Minocycline, a semisynthetic broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic, has been previously reported to rescue photoreceptor cell death in retinal degeneration. We examined the effect of minocycline on retinal photoreceptor degeneration using c-mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (Mertk)−/−Cx3cr1GFP/+Ccr2RFP/+ mice, which enabled the observation of CX3CR1-green fluorescent protein (GFP)- and CCR2-red fluorescent protein (RFP)-positive macrophages by fluorescence. Retinas of Mertk−/−Cx3cr1GFP/+Ccr2RFP/+ mice showed photoreceptor degeneration and accumulation of GFP- and RFP-positive macrophages in the outer retina and subretinal space at 6 weeks of age. Mertk−/−Cx3cr1GFP/+Ccr2RFP/+ mice were intraperitoneally administered minocycline. The number of CCR2-RFP positive cells significantly decreased after minocycline treatment. Furthermore, minocycline administration resulted in partial reversal of the thinning of the outer nuclear layer and decreased the number of apoptotic cells, as assessed by the TUNEL assay, in Mertk−/−Cx3cr1GFP/+Ccr2RFP/+ mice. In conclusion, we found that minocycline ameliorated photoreceptor cell death in an inherited photoreceptor degeneration model due to Mertk gene deficiency and has an inhibitory effect on CCR2 positive macrophages, which is likely to be a neuroprotective mechanism of minocycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Terauchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Kohno
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Sumiko Watanabe
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saburo Saito
- Department of Molecular Immunology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakano
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Daruich A, Jaworski T, Henry H, Zola M, Youale J, Parenti L, Naud MC, Delaunay K, Bertrand M, Berdugo M, Kowalczuk L, Boatright J, Picard E, Behar-Cohen F. Oral Ursodeoxycholic Acid Crosses the Blood Retinal Barrier in Patients with Retinal Detachment and Protects Against Retinal Degeneration in an Ex Vivo Model. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1325-1338. [PMID: 33537951 PMCID: PMC8423962 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) is a threatening visual condition and a human disease model for retinal degenerations. Despite successful reattachment surgery, vision does not fully recover, due to subretinal fluid accumulation and subsequent photoreceptor cell death, through mechanisms that recapitulate those of retinal degenerative diseases. Hydrophilic bile acids are neuroprotective in animal models, but whether they can be used orally for retinal diseases is unknown. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) being approved for clinical use (e.g., in cholestasis), we have evaluated the ocular bioavailability of oral UDCA, administered to patients before RD surgery. The level of UDCA in ocular media correlated with the extent of blood retinal barrier disruption, evaluated by the extent of detachment and the albumin concentration in subretinal fluid. UDCA, at levels measured in ocular media, protected photoreceptors from apoptosis and necrosis in rat retinal explants, an ex vivo model of RD. The subretinal fluid from UDCA-treated patients, collected during surgery, significantly protected rat retinal explants from cell death, when compared to subretinal fluid from control patients. Pan-transcriptomic analysis of the retina showed that UDCA upregulated anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory genes. Oral UDCA is a potential neuroprotective adjuvant therapy in RD and other retinal degenerative diseases and should be further evaluated in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Daruich
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Ophthalmology Department, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thara Jaworski
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hugues Henry
- Innovation and Development Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta Zola
- Ophthalmology Department, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jenny Youale
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Léa Parenti
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Naud
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kimberley Delaunay
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Bertrand
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Berdugo
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laura Kowalczuk
- Ophthalmology Department, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey Boatright
- Ophthalmology Department, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center of Excellence, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Emilie Picard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Ophtalmopole, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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10
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Zerti D, Molina MM, Dorgau B, Mearns S, Bauer R, Al-Aama J, Lako M. IGFBPs mediate IGF-1's functions in retinal lamination and photoreceptor development during pluripotent stem cell differentiation to retinal organoids. Stem Cells 2021; 39:458-466. [PMID: 33442906 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Development of the retina is regulated by growth factors, such as insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1/2), which coordinate proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of the neuroepithelial precursors cells. In the circulation, IGF-1/2 are transported by the insulin growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) family members. IGFBPs can impact positively and negatively on IGF-1, by making it available or sequestering IGF-1 to or from its receptor. In this study, we investigated the expression of IGFBPs and their role in the generation of human retinal organoids from human pluripotent stem cells, showing a dynamic expression pattern suggestive of different IGFBPs being used in a stage-specific manner to mediate IGF-1 functions. Our data show that IGF-1 addition to culture media facilitated the generation of retinal organoids displaying the typical laminated structure and photoreceptor maturation. The organoids cultured in the absence of IGF-1, lacked the typical laminated structure at the early stages of differentiation and contained significantly less photoreceptors and more retinal ganglion cells at the later stages of differentiation, confirming the positive effects of IGF-1 on retinal lamination and photoreceptor development. The organoids cultured with the IGFBP inhibitor (NBI-31772) and IGF-1 showed lack of retinal lamination at the early stages of differentiation, an increased propensity to generate horizontal cells at mid-stages of differentiation and reduced photoreceptor development at the later stages of differentiation. Together these data suggest that IGFBPs enable IGF-1's role in retinal lamination and photoreceptor development in a stage-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin Zerti
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Microscopy Centre and Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marina Moya Molina
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Birthe Dorgau
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah Mearns
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Roman Bauer
- Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jumana Al-Aama
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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11
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Wannamaker KW, Sisk RA. Large Subfoveal Vitelliform Lesions in a Case of Pentosan Polysulfate Maculopathy. Ophthalmology 2021; 127:1641. [PMID: 33222775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall W Wannamaker
- Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio; University of Cincinnati Department of Ophthalmology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert A Sisk
- Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio; University of Cincinnati Department of Ophthalmology, Cincinnati, Ohio; Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
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12
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Zhang X, Henneman NF, Girardot PE, Sellers JT, Chrenek MA, Li Y, Wang J, Brenner C, Nickerson JM, Boatright JH. Systemic Treatment With Nicotinamide Riboside Is Protective in a Mouse Model of Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:47. [PMID: 32852543 PMCID: PMC7452859 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.10.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Maintaining levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a coenzyme critical for cellular energetics and biosynthetic pathways, may be therapeutic in retinal disease because retinal NAD+ levels decline during retinal damage and degeneration. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether systemic treatment with nicotinamide riboside (NR), a NAD+ precursor that is orally deliverable and well-tolerated by humans, is protective in a mouse model of light-induced retinal degeneration. Methods Mice were injected intraperitoneally with vehicle or NR the day before and the morning of exposure to degeneration-inducing levels of light. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography and in vivo retinal morphology and inflammation was assessed by optical coherence tomography. Post mortem retina sections were assessed for morphology, TUNEL, and inflammatory markers Iba1 and GFAP. Retinal NAD+ levels were enzymatically assayed. Results Exposure to degeneration-inducing levels of light suppressed retinal NAD+ levels. Mice undergoing light-induced retinal degeneration exhibited significantly suppressed retinal function, severely disrupted photoreceptor cell layers, and increased apoptosis and inflammation in the outer retina. Treatment with NR increased levels of NAD+ in retina and prevented these deleterious outcomes. Conclusions This study is the first to report the protective effects of NR treatment in a mouse model of retinal degeneration. The positive outcomes, coupled with human tolerance to NR dosing, suggest that maintaining retinal NAD+ via systemic NR treatment should be further explored for clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nathaniel F. Henneman
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, 75015 Paris, France
- Department of Diabetes & Cancer Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Preston E. Girardot
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jana T. Sellers
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Micah A. Chrenek
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Diabetes & Cancer Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States
| | - John M. Nickerson
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jeffrey H. Boatright
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Center for Visual & Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VAHS, Decatur, Georgia, United States
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13
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Lin CW, Yang CM, Yang CH. Protective Effect of Astaxanthin on Blue Light Light-Emitting Diode-Induced Retinal Cell Damage via Free Radical Scavenging and Activation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Pathway in 661W Cell Model. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080387. [PMID: 32722441 PMCID: PMC7459684 DOI: 10.3390/md18080387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used and energy-efficient light sources in modern life that emit higher levels of short-wavelength blue light. Excessive blue light exposure may damage the photoreceptor cells in our eyes. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll that is abundantly available in seafood, is a potent free radical scavenger and anti-inflammatory agent. We used a 661W photoreceptor cell line to investigate the protective effect of astaxanthin on blue light LED-induced retinal injury. The cells were treated with various concentrations of astaxanthin and then exposed to blue light LED. Our results showed that pretreatment with astaxanthin inhibited blue light LED-induced cell apoptosis and prevented cell death. Moreover, the protective effect was concentration dependent. Astaxanthin suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress biomarkers and diminished mitochondrial damage induced by blue light exposure. Western blot analysis confirmed that astaxanthin activated the PI3K/Akt pathway, induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and increased the expression of phase II antioxidant enzymes. The expression of antioxidant enzymes and the suppression of apoptosis-related proteins eventually protected the 661W cells against blue light LED-induced cell damage. Thus, our results demonstrated that astaxanthin exerted a dose-dependent protective effect on photoreceptor cells against damage mediated by blue light LED exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wen Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (C.-M.Y.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chung-May Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (C.-M.Y.)
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (C.-M.Y.)
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 63193)
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14
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Abstract
Retinal gene therapy is a rapidly growing field with numerous clinical trials underway, and route of delivery is a critical contributor to its success. Subretinal administration, which involves pars plana vitrectomy in the operating room, offers targeted delivery to retinal-pigment epithelium cells and photoreceptors. Due to the immune-privileged nature of the subretinal space, the risk of an immune reaction against viral capsid antigens is minimized, an advantage of subretinal administration in patients with preexisting neutralizing antibodies. Intravitreal administration, with fewer procedure-related complications, is challenged by potential immune response and incomplete vector penetration through the internal limiting membrane. However, novel vectors, optimized by "directed evolution" may address these issues. Nonsurgical in-office suprachoroidal gene delivery offers the potential for greater surface-area coverage of the posterior segment compared to focal subretinal injection, and is not hindered by the internal limiting membrane. However, the vector must pass through multiple layers to reach the targeted retinal layers, and there is a risk of immune response. This review highlights recent developments, challenges, and future opportunities associated with viral and nonviral suprachoroidal gene delivery for the treatment of chorioretinal diseases. While ocular tolerability and short-term effectiveness of suprachoroidal gene delivery have been demonstrated in preclinical models, durability of gene expression, long-term safety, potential systemic exposure, and effective delivery to the macula require further exploration. Although the safety and efficacy of suprachoroidal gene delivery are yet to be proven in clinical trials, further optimization could facilitate nonsurgical in-office suprachoroidal gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leroy Muya
- Clearside Biomedical, Inc., Alpharetta, Georgia
| | | | - Thomas A. Ciulla
- Clearside Biomedical, Inc., Alpharetta, Georgia
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Thomas A. Ciulla, Clearside Biomedical, Inc., 900 Northpoint Parkway Suite 200, Alpharetta, GA 30005
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15
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Elbaz-Hayoun S, Rinsky B, Hagbi-Levi S, Grunin M, Chowers I. Evaluation of antioxidant treatments for the modulation of macrophage function in the context of retinal degeneration. Mol Vis 2019; 25:479-488. [PMID: 31588172 PMCID: PMC6776439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress and macrophages have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atrophic and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (aAMD and nvAMD). It is unclear whether oxidative injury mediates macrophage involvement in AMD. We aimed to investigate the effect of antioxidant treatments on human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) from patients with AMD in models for the disease. Methods Four antioxidant treatments were evaluated (G1: lutein + zeaxanthin, G2: lutein + zeaxanthin and zinc, G3: lutein + zeaxanthin, zinc, Lyc-O-Mato, and carnosic acid, G4: lutein + zeaxanthin, carnosic acid, and beta-carotene, G5: olive oil as vehicle control). The compounds were added to the culture medium of M1 (interferon-gamma [IFN-Ɣ] and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and M2a (interleukin-13 [IL-13] and IL-4) hMDMs from patients with AMD (n=7 and n=8, respectively). Mouse choroidal tissue was cultured with supernatants from treated M1/M2a hMDMs, to evaluate the effect of treatments on the angiogenic properties of macrophages with choroidal sprouting assay (CSA). Mouse retinal explants were cultured with treated hMDMs for 18 h, and evaluated for photoreceptor apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) labeling. Adult BALB/c mice (n=8) were exposed to 8,000 lux bright light for 3 h, and treated orally with antioxidant supplements for 7 days that preceded light injury and following it. Oxidative stress was assessed using an anti-4 hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) antibody. Retinal function and the thickness of the outer nuclear layer were evaluated with electroretinography (ERG) and histological analysis, respectively. Results The G3 treatment reduced M2a hMDMs-associated sprouting in the CSA compared to the untreated group (n=7, -1.52-fold, p=0.05). Conversely, the G2 treatment was associated with an increased neurotoxic effect of M2a hMDMs in the retinal explant assay compared to the control group (n=7, 1.37-fold, p=0.047), as well as compared to the G3 treatment group (1.46-fold, p=0.01). The G4 treatment was also associated with increased cytotoxicity compared to the control group (1.48-fold, p=0.004), and compared to the G3 treatment group (1.58-fold, p=0.001). In the in vivo light damage model, mice (n=8) supplemented with G2, G3, and G4 had decreased levels of oxidative injury assessed using 4-HNE labeling (-2.32-fold, -2.17-fold, and -2.18-fold, respectively, p<0.05 for all comparisons). None of the treatments were associated with reduced photoreceptor cell loss, as shown with histology and ERG. Conclusions Antioxidant treatment modulates M2a hMDMs at the functional level. In particular, we found that the G3 combination has a beneficial effect on M2a macrophages in reducing their angiogenic and neurotoxic capacity ex vivo. In addition, antioxidant treatments considerably reduced the oxidative stress level in light-damaged retinas. Further research is required to assess whether such therapies may curb macrophage-driven photoreceptor loss and neovascularization in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elbaz-Hayoun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, and the Hebrew University - Hadassah School of Medicine
| | - Batya Rinsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, and the Hebrew University - Hadassah School of Medicine
| | - Shira Hagbi-Levi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, and the Hebrew University - Hadassah School of Medicine
| | - Michelle Grunin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, and the Hebrew University - Hadassah School of Medicine
| | - Itay Chowers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, and the Hebrew University - Hadassah School of Medicine
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16
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Himawan E, Ekström P, Buzgo M, Gaillard P, Stefánsson E, Marigo V, Loftsson T, Paquet-Durand F. Drug delivery to retinal photoreceptors. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1637-1643. [PMID: 30877076 PMCID: PMC6715772 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Routes of administration to retinal photoreceptors. The blood–retinal barrier as a challenge for photoreceptor drug delivery. Review of nanoparticle drug delivery systems used for intraocular applications. Perspectives for topical drug delivery to the retina.
The photoreceptors of the retina are afflicted by diseases that still often lack satisfactory treatment options. Although suitable drugs might be available in some cases, the delivery of these compounds into the eye and across the blood–retinal barrier remains a significant challenge for therapy development. Here, we review the routes of drug administration to the retina and highlight different options for drug delivery to the photoreceptor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Per Ekström
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Valeria Marigo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Thorsteinn Loftsson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
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17
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Mekala NK, Kurdys J, Depuydt MM, Vazquez EJ, Rosca MG. Apoptosis inducing factor deficiency causes retinal photoreceptor degeneration. The protective role of the redox compound methylene blue. Redox Biol 2018; 20:107-117. [PMID: 30300862 PMCID: PMC6175772 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) underlies a wide spectrum of human ailments known as mitochondrial diseases. Deficiencies in complex I of the electron transport chain (ETC) contribute to 30–40% of all cases of mitochondrial diseases, and leads to eye disease including optic nerve atrophy and retinal degeneration. The mechanisms responsible for organ damage in mitochondrial defects may include energy deficit, oxidative stress, and an increase in the NADH/NAD+ redox ratio due to decreased NAD+ regeneration. Currently, there is no effective treatment to alleviate human disease induced by complex I defect. Photoreceptor cells have the highest energy demand and dependence on OXPHOS for survival, and the lowest reserve capacity indicating that they are sensitive to OXPHOS defects. We investigated the effect of mitochondrial OXPHOS deficiency on retinal photoreceptors in a model of mitochondrial complex I defect (apoptosis inducing factor, AIF-deficient mice, Harlequin mice), and tested the protective effect of a mitochondrial redox compound (methylene blue, MB) on mitochondrial and photoreceptor integrity. MB prevented the reduction in the retinal thickness and protein markers for photoreceptor outer segments, Muller and ganglion cells, and altered mitochondrial integrity and function induced by AIF deficiency. In rotenone-induced complex I deficient 661 W cells (an immortalized mouse photoreceptor cell line) MB decreased the NADH/NAD+ ratio and oxidative stress without correcting the energy deficit, and improved cell survival. MB deactivated the mitochondrial stress response pathways, the unfolding protein response and mitophagy. In conclusion, preserving mitochondrial structure and function alleviates retinal photoreceptor degeneration in mitochondrial complex I defect. Mitochondrial complex I causes damage of the retinal photoreceptor cells and their outer segments. Methylene blue decreases the NADH/ NAD+ ratio and oxidative stress induced by complex I defect. Methylene blue deactivates the mitochondrial stress response pathways. Methylene blue maintains mitochondrial integrity and function. Methylene blue improves photoreceptor cell survival and outer segment integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K Mekala
- Department of Foundational Sciences at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Jacob Kurdys
- Department of Foundational Sciences at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Mikayla M Depuydt
- Department of Foundational Sciences at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Edwin J Vazquez
- Department of Foundational Sciences at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Mariana G Rosca
- Department of Foundational Sciences at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States.
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18
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Fu Z, Wang Z, Liu CH, Gong Y, Cakir B, Liegl R, Sun Y, Meng SS, Burnim SB, Arellano I, Moran E, Duran R, Poblete A, Cho SS, Talukdar S, Akula JD, Hellström A, Smith LEH. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Protects Photoreceptor Function in Type 1 Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2018; 67:974-985. [PMID: 29487115 PMCID: PMC5909994 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinal neuronal abnormalities occur before vascular changes in diabetic retinopathy. Accumulating experimental evidence suggests that neurons control vascular pathology in diabetic and other neovascular retinal diseases. Therefore, normalizing neuronal activity in diabetes may prevent vascular pathology. We investigated whether fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) prevented retinal neuronal dysfunction in insulin-deficient diabetic mice. We found that in diabetic neural retina, photoreceptor rather than inner retinal function was most affected and administration of the long-acting FGF21 analog PF-05231023 restored the retinal neuronal functional deficits detected by electroretinography. PF-05231023 administration protected against diabetes-induced disorganization of photoreceptor segments seen in retinal cross section with immunohistochemistry and attenuated the reduction in the thickness of photoreceptor segments measured by optical coherence tomography. PF-05231023, independent of its downstream metabolic modulator adiponectin, reduced inflammatory marker interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA levels. PF-05231023 activated the AKT-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway and reduced IL-1β expression in stressed photoreceptors. PF-05231023 administration did not change retinal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of early diabetic retinopathy by protecting photoreceptor function in diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/metabolism
- Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Electroretinography
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Interleukin-1beta/drug effects
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/drug effects
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/drug effects
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/metabolism
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Retinal Neurons/drug effects
- Retinal Neurons/metabolism
- Retinal Neurons/pathology
- Tomography, Optical Coherence
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/drug effects
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bertan Cakir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Raffael Liegl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steven S Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samuel B Burnim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ivana Arellano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth Moran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rubi Duran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alexander Poblete
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steve S Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - James D Akula
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ann Hellström
- Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Xu XJ, Wang SM, Jin Y, Hu YT, Feng K, Ma ZZ. Melatonin delays photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28580724 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a group of incurable inherited retinal degenerations. Targeting common processes, instead of mutation-specific treatment, has proven to be an innovative strategy to combat debilitating retinal degeneration. Growing evidence indicates that melatonin possesses a potent activity against neurodegenerative disorders by mitigating cell damage associated with apoptosis and inflammation. Given the pleiotropic role of melatonin in central nervous system, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether melatonin would afford protection against retinal degeneration in autosomal recessive RP (arRP). Rd10, a well-characterized murine model of human arRP, received daily intraperitoneal injection of melatonin (15 mg/kg) between postnatal day (P) 13 and P30. Retinas treated with melatonin or vehicle were harvested for analysis at P30 and P45, respectively. The findings showed that melatonin could dampen the photoreceptors death and delay consequent retinal degeneration. We also observed that melatonin weakened the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in Müller cells. Additionally, melatonin could alleviate retinal inflammatory response visualized by IBA1 staining, which was further corroborated by downregulation of inflammation-related genes, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf-α), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (Cxcl10). These data revealed that melatonin could ameliorate retinal degeneration through potentially attenuating apoptosis, reactive gliosis, and microglial activation in rd10 mice. Moreover, these results suggest melatonin as a promising agent improving photoreceptors survival in human RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Min Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Tao Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Jia L, Raghupathy RK, Albalawi A, Zhao Z, Reilly J, Xiao Q, Shu X. A colour preference technique to evaluate acrylamide-induced toxicity in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 199:11-19. [PMID: 28111251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish has become a commonly used vertebrate model for toxicity assessment, of particular relevance to the study of toxic effects on the visual system because of the structural similarities shared by zebrafish and human retinae. In this article we present a colour preference-based technique that, by assessing the functionality of photoreceptors, can be used to evaluate the effects of toxicity on behaviour. A digital camera was used to record the locomotor behaviour of individual zebrafish swimming in a water tank consisting of two compartments separated by an opaque perforated wall through which the fish could pass. The colour of the lighting in each compartment could be altered independently (producing distinct but connected environments of white, red or blue) to allow association of the zebrafish's swimming behaviour with its colour preference. The functionality of the photoreceptors was evaluated based on the ability of the zebrafish to sense the different colours and to swim between the compartments. The zebrafish tracking was carried out using our algorithm developed with MATLAB. We found that zebrafish preferred blue illumination to white, and white illumination to red. Acute treatment with acrylamide (2mM for 36h) resulted in a marked reduction in locomotion and a concomitant loss of colour-preferential swimming behaviour. Histopathological examination of acrylamide-treated zebrafish eyes showed that acrylamide exposure had caused retinal damage. The colour preference tracking technique has applications in the assessment of neurodegenerative disorders, as a method for preclinical appraisal of drug efficacy and for behavioural evaluation of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laibing Jia
- Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean, and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LZ, United Kingdom; School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | | | - Aishah Albalawi
- Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Zhenkai Zhao
- Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean, and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LZ, United Kingdom
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean, and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Xinhua Shu
- Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom.
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Joachim SC, Renner M, Reinhard J, Theiss C, May C, Lohmann S, Reinehr S, Stute G, Faissner A, Marcus K, Dick HB. Protective effects on the retina after ranibizumab treatment in an ischemia model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182407. [PMID: 28800629 PMCID: PMC5553852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia is common in eye disorders, like diabetic retinopathy or retinal vascular occlusion. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effects of an intravitreally injected vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor (ranibizumab) on retinal cells in an ischemia animal model via immunohistochemistry (IF) and quantitative real-time PCR (PCR). A positive binding of ranibizumab to rat VEGF-A was confirmed via dot blot. One eye underwent ischemia and a subgroup received ranibizumab. A significant VEGF increase was detected in aqueous humor of ischemic eyes (p = 0.032), whereas VEGF levels were low in ranibizumab eyes (p = 0.99). Ischemic retinas showed a significantly lower retinal ganglion cell number (RGC; IF Brn-3a: p<0.001, IF RBPMS: p<0.001; PCR: p = 0.002). The ranibizumab group displayed fewer RGCs (IF Brn-3a: 0.3, IF RBPMS: p<0.001; PCR: p = 0.007), but more than the ischemia group (IF Brn-3a: p = 0.04, IF RBPMS: p = 0.03). Photoreceptor area was decreased after ischemia (IF: p = 0.049; PCR: p = 0.511), while the ranibizumab group (IF: p = 0.947; PCR: p = 0.122) was comparable to controls. In the ischemia (p<0.001) and ranibizumab group (p<0.001) a decrease of ChAT+ amacrine cells was found, which was less prominent in the ranibizumab group. VEGF-receptor 2 (VEGF-R2; IF: p<0.001; PCR: p = 0.021) and macroglia (GFAP; IF: p<0.001; PCR: p<0.001) activation was present in ischemic retinas. The activation was weaker in ranibizumab retinas (VEGF-R2: IF: p = 0.1; PCR: p = 0.03; GFAP: IF: p = 0.1; PCR: p = 0.015). An increase in the number of total (IF: p = 0.003; PCR: p = 0.023) and activated microglia (IF: p<0.001; PCR: p = 0.009) was detected after ischemia. These levels were higher in the ranibizumab group (Iba1: IF: p<0.001; PCR: p = 0.018; CD68: IF: p<0.001; PCR: p = 0.004). Our findings demonstrate that photoreceptors and RGCs are protected by ranibizumab treatment. Only amacrine cells cannot be rescued. They seem to be particularly sensitive to ischemic damage and need maybe an earlier intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C. Joachim
- Experimental Eye Research, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23–25, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Marina Renner
- Experimental Eye Research, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23–25, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Reinhard
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline May
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie Lohmann
- Experimental Eye Research, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23–25, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sabrina Reinehr
- Experimental Eye Research, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23–25, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gesa Stute
- Experimental Eye Research, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23–25, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, Bochum, Germany
| | - H. Burkhard Dick
- Experimental Eye Research, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23–25, Bochum, Germany
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22
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Baranov P, Lin H, McCabe K, Gale D, Cai S, Lieppman B, Morrow D, Lei P, Liao J, Young M. A Novel Neuroprotective Small Molecule for Glial Cell Derived Neurotrophic Factor Induction and Photoreceptor Rescue. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 33:412-422. [PMID: 28441076 PMCID: PMC5911694 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2016.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Degenerative diseases of the retina, such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, are characterized by the irreversible loss of photoreceptors. Several growth factors, including glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), have been shown to rescue retinal neurons. An alternative strategy to direct GDNF administration is its induction in host retina by small molecules. Here we studied the ability of a novel small molecule GSK812 to induce GDNF in vitro/in vivo and rescue photoreceptors. METHODS GDNF induction in vitro was assessed in human ARPE-19, human retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and mouse pluripotent cell-derived eyecups. For time course pharmacokinetic and GDNF induction studies in C57Bl/6 mice, GSK812 sustained release formulation was injected intravitreally. The same delivery approach was used in the rhodopsin knockout mice and Royal College of Surgeon (RCS) rats to assess long-term GDNF induction and photoreceptor rescue. RESULTS The suspension provided sustained GSK812 delivery with 28 μg of drug remaining in the eye 2 weeks after a single injection. GSK812 suspension injection in C57Bl/6 mice resulted in significant upregulation of GDNF mRNA (>1.8-fold) and protein levels (>2.8-fold). Importantly, GSK812 treatment resulted in outer nuclear layer preservation in rho-/- mice with a 2-fold difference in photoreceptor number. In the RCS rat, the GSK812 injection provided long-term rescue of photoreceptors and outer segments, accompanied by function preservation as well. CONCLUSIONS GSK812 is a potent neuroprotectant that can induce GDNF in normal and diseased retina. This induction results in photoreceptor rescue in 2 models of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Baranov
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, an affiliate of Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hong Lin
- GlaxoSmithKline LLC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - David Gale
- GlaxoSmithKline LLC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Burke Lieppman
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, an affiliate of Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Phoebe Lei
- GlaxoSmithKline LLC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Justin Liao
- GlaxoSmithKline LLC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Young
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, an affiliate of Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Fernández-Sánchez L, Bravo-Osuna I, Lax P, Arranz-Romera A, Maneu V, Esteban-Pérez S, Pinilla I, Puebla-González MDM, Herrero-Vanrell R, Cuenca N. Controlled delivery of tauroursodeoxycholic acid from biodegradable microspheres slows retinal degeneration and vision loss in P23H rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177998. [PMID: 28542454 PMCID: PMC5444790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful drug therapies for treating ocular diseases require effective concentrations of neuroprotective compounds maintained over time at the site of action. The purpose of this work was to assess the efficacy of intravitreal controlled delivery of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) encapsulated in poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres for the treatment of the retina in a rat model of retinitis pigmentosa. PLGA microspheres (MSs) containing TUDCA were produced by the O/W emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. Particle size and morphology were assessed by light scattering and scanning electronic microscopy, respectively. Homozygous P23H line 3 rats received a treatment of intravitreal injections of TUDCA-PLGA MSs. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography at P30, P60, P90 and P120. The density, structure and synaptic contacts of retinal neurons were analyzed using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy at P90 and P120. TUDCA-loaded PLGA MSs were spherical, with a smooth surface. The production yield was 78%, the MSs mean particle size was 23 μm and the drug loading resulted 12.5 ± 0.8 μg TUDCA/mg MSs. MSs were able to deliver the loaded active compound in a gradual and progressive manner over the 28-day in vitro release study. Scotopic electroretinografic responses showed increased ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes in TUDCA-PLGA-MSs-treated eyes as compared to those injected with unloaded PLGA particles. TUDCA-PLGA-MSs-treated eyes showed more photoreceptor rows than controls. The synaptic contacts of photoreceptors with bipolar and horizontal cells were also preserved in P23H rats treated with TUDCA-PLGA MSs. This work indicates that the slow and continuous delivery of TUDCA from PLGA-MSs has potential neuroprotective effects that could constitute a suitable therapy to prevent neurodegeneration and visual loss in retinitis pigmentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Irene Bravo-Osuna
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alicia Arranz-Romera
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sergio Esteban-Pérez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Pinilla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María del Mar Puebla-González
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero-Vanrell
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Industrial Pharmacy Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (NS); (RHV)
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Institute Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- * E-mail: (NS); (RHV)
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Gombeau K, Bourdineaud JP, Ravanat JL, Armant O, Camilleri V, Cavalie I, Floriani M, Adam-Guillermin C. Epigenetic, histopathological and transcriptomic effects following exposure to depleted uranium in adult zebrafish and their progeny. Aquat Toxicol 2017; 184:14-25. [PMID: 28068562 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of adult zebrafish exposure to a nominal concentration of 20μgL-1 of depleted uranium (DU) for six days upon DNA methylation, gene expression and the appearance of histopathological damage in their progeny. In the embryos at the 2-8 cell stage, the parental exposure induced significant DU accumulation, with levels seven times higher than those measured in the control embryos, but in larvae 96h post-fertilisation (hpf), uranium concentration had already returned to a level identical to that of the control larvae. A significant two-fold increase in the global level of DNA methylation was observed in embryos as early as the prim5 (24 hpf) stage and was still maintained at the 96 hpf stage despite the fact that DU had already been depurated at the later stage. RNA sequencing analysis indicated an impact of parental exposure upon the total RNAs transmitted from the mother to eggs, and the up-regulated genes were those associated with post-traductional protein modification and trafficking and cellular signalling pathways, whereas the down-regulated genes concerned the translational process, cell cycle regulation and several cell signalling pathways. Alterations of photoreceptor cells and the axon-axon junctions between photoreceptors were observed in the eyes of adult fish exposed for 10days to DU. Actin and myosin filament disorganisation was observed in the skeletal muscles of 96 hpf larvae, at a stage when the maternally transmitted DU had already been excreted. These data reveal the extreme sensitivity of zebrafish embryos to DU transmitted through the oocyte by exposed females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewin Gombeau
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France.
| | | | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, INAC-SCIB Laboratoire des Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Olivier Armant
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France.
| | - Virginie Camilleri
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France.
| | - Isabelle Cavalie
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France.
| | - Magali Floriani
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France.
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France.
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Khoshnood MM, Zareie M, Amiri A, Zarenezhad A, Zarenezhad E, Esfandiari A. The protective effects of erythropoietin on photoreceptor damage by formaldehyde. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2017; 8:10-17. [PMID: 28242880 DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v8i1.16151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The photoreceptor layer of retina has important role for sight. The previous study showed that accidental formaldehyde injection caused ischemia and damage in the retina. On the other hand the erythropoietin prevents neuronal injury of ischemic damage. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to survey the effect of erythropoietin on retro bulbar formaldehyde injected photoreceptor layer of rat retina. MATERIALS AND METHODS 30 adult rats were used and divided into three groups: 1- control group, 2- formaldehyde group (1 ml retro bulbar injected by 10% formaldehyde solution), 3- erythropoietin group (5000 units/kg immediately intraperitoneally injected by erythropoietin after formaldehyde injection for 7 days). The photoreceptor layer of retina studied using a transmission electron microscope. RESULTS Our observation showed that disorganization and vacuolization in outer segment and inner segment, pyknotic and karyolysis in outer nuclear layer were seen in formaldehyde group. But the minor sign of pathology such as lightly vacuolization in inner segment were obvious in erythropoietin group. CONCLUSION We concluded that formaldehyde caused damage in photoreceptor layer and erythropoietin was improvement this injury.
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Wang WD, Hsu HJ, Li YF, Wu CY. Retinoic Acid Protects and Rescues the Development of Zebrafish Embryonic Retinal Photoreceptor Cells from Exposure to Paclobutrazol. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010130. [PMID: 28085063 PMCID: PMC5297764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a widely used fungicide that shows toxicity to aquatic embryos, probably through rain-wash. Here, we specifically focus on its toxic effect on eye development in zebrafish, as well as the role of retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A that controls proliferation and differentiation of retinal photoreceptor cells, in this toxicity. Embryos were exposed to PBZ with or without RA from 2 to 72 h post-fertilization (hpf), and PBZ-treated embryos (2–72 hpf) were exposed to RA for additional hours until 120 hpf. Eye size and histology were examined. Expression levels of gnat1 (rod photoreceptor marker), gnat2 (cone photoreceptor marker), aldehyde dehydrogenases (encoding key enzymes for RA synthesis), and phospho-histone H3 (an M-phase marker) in the eyes of control and treated embryos were examined. PBZ exposure dramatically reduces photoreceptor proliferation, thus resulting in a thinning of the photoreceptor cell layer and leading to a small eye. Co-treatment of PBZ with RA, or post-treatment of PBZ-treated embryos with RA, partially rescues photoreceptor cells, revealed by expression levels of marker proteins and by retinal cell proliferation. PBZ has strong embryonic toxicity to retinal photoreceptors, probably via suppressing the production of RA, with effects including impaired retinal cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Der Wang
- Department of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan.
| | - Hwei-Jan Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Department of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 80424, Taiwan.
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Rocco ML, Balzamino BO, Esposito G, Petrella C, Aloe L, Micera A. NGF/anti-VEGF combined exposure protects RCS retinal cells and photoreceptors that underwent a local worsening of inflammation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 255:567-574. [PMID: 28013393 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-016-3567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous study highlighted the potential nerve growth factor (NGF) effect on damaged photoreceptors from a rat model of spontaneous Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP). Herein, we tested the combined NGF/anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (αVEGF) effect on cultured retinal cells isolated from Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats receiving an intravitreal VEGF injection (iv-VEGF) to exacerbate retinal inflammation/neovascularization. METHODS RCS (n = 75) rats were equally grouped as untreated (n = 25), iv-saline (single saline intravitreal injection; n = 25) and iv-VEGF (single VEGF intravitreal injection; n = 25). Morphological and biochemical analysis or in vitro stimulations with the biomolecular investigation were carried out on explanted retinas. Isolated retinal cells were treated with NGF and αVEGF, either alone or in combination, for 6 days and cells were harvested for morphological and biomolecular analyses. RESULTS Infiltrating inflammatory cells were detected in iv-VEGF exposed RCS retinas, indicative of exacerbated inflammation and neovascularization. In cell cultures, NGF/αVEGF significantly increased retinal cell survival as well as rhodopsin expression and neurite outgrowth in photoreceptors. Particularly, NGF/αVEGF upregulated Bcl-2 mRNA, downregulated Bax mRNA, upregulated trkANGFR mRNA and finally upregulated both NGF mRNA and protein. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm and extend our previous findings on NGF-photoreceptor crosstalk, highlighting that the NGF/αVEGF combination might be an interesting approach for improving neuroprotection of RCS retinal cells and likewise photoreceptors in the presence of neovascularization. Further studies are required to translate this in vitro approach into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bijorn Omar Balzamino
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-G.B. Bietti Foundation, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 6 I-00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Graziana Esposito
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-G.B. Bietti Foundation, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 6 I-00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Aloe
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-G.B. Bietti Foundation, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo, 6 I-00184, Rome, Italy.
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Fontaine V, Monteiro E, Brazhnikova E, Lesage L, Balducci C, Guibout L, Feraille L, Elena PP, Sahel JA, Veillet S, Lafont R. Norbixin Protects Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Cells and Photoreceptors against A2E-Mediated Phototoxicity In Vitro and In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167793. [PMID: 27992460 PMCID: PMC5161507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E, a toxic by-product of the visual pigment cycle) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a major cause of visual impairment in the elderly. Photooxidation of A2E results in retinal pigment epithelium degeneration followed by that of associated photoreceptors. Present treatments rely on nutrient supplementation with antioxidants. 9’-cis-Norbixin (a natural diapocarotenoid, 97% purity) was prepared from Bixa orellana seeds. It was first evaluated in primary cultures of porcine retinal pigment epithelium cells challenged with A2E and illuminated with blue light, and it provided an improved photo-protection as compared with lutein or zeaxanthin. In Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- mice (a model of dry AMD), intravitreally-injected norbixin maintained the electroretinogram and protected photoreceptors against light damage. In a standard rat blue-light model of photodamage, norbixin was at least equally as active as phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone, a free radical spin-trap. Chronic experiments performed with Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- mice treated orally for 3 months with norbixin showed a reduced A2E accumulation in the retina. Norbixin appears promising for developing an oral treatment of macular degeneration. A drug candidate (BIO201) with 9’-cis-norbixin as the active principle ingredient is under development, and its potential will be assessed in a forthcoming clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Fontaine
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Elodie Monteiro
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, France
| | - Elena Brazhnikova
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, France
| | - Laëtitia Lesage
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, France
| | - Christine Balducci
- Biophytis, Parc BIOCITECH, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, Romainville, France
| | - Louis Guibout
- Biophytis, Parc BIOCITECH, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, Romainville, France
| | | | | | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Veillet
- Biophytis, Parc BIOCITECH, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, Romainville, France
| | - René Lafont
- Biophytis, Parc BIOCITECH, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, Romainville, France
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Zhu Y, Zhao Q, Gao H, Peng X, Wen Y, Dai G. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides attenuates N-methy-N-nitrosourea-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis in rats through regulation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase expression. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 191:125-134. [PMID: 27208869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lycium barbarum L., popularly known as "Goji berry", a classic of Traditional Chinese Medicine has long been used to treat ocular diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the photoreceptor cell protection of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP), a water extract from Lycium barbarum L. has received more attention. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of LBP on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis, and the involvement of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase. MATERIALS AND METHODS Photoreceptor cell injury was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by an intraperitoneal injection of MNU 60mg/kg. Seven days prior to MNU injection, LBP were intragastrical administered daily, rats were sacrificed at 24h and 7 days after MNU injection. Retinal morphologies, photoreceptor cells apoptosis, and protein expression were evaluated at 24h and 7 days after MNU injection. RESULTS Morphologically, the outer nuclear layer was well preserved in the LBP-treated rat retinas throughout the experimental period. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-digoxigenin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays showed that LBP could significantly suppress the loss of photoreceptor cells, as determined by the photoreceptor cell ratio at the central retina 24h and 7 days after MNU administration. Western-blot analysis demonstrated the expression levels of procaspase-9, -7, -3 and cleaved caspase-9, -7, -3 were upregulated, and PARP were downregulated both 24h and 7 days after MNU injection. LBP treatment significantly decreased protein levels of procaspase and cleaved caspase, increased the level of PARP and cleaved PARP on 24h and 7 days. CONCLUSIONS LBP inhibits MNU-induced rat photoreceptor cell apoptosis and protects retinal structure via the regulation of the expressions of PARP and caspase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, PR China; Key laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, PR China; Key laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Hua Gao
- Departments of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 803 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, PR China; Key laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Youmin Wen
- Departments of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 803 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, PR China.
| | - Guidong Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Kaili University, Kaiyuan Road, Kaili, Guizhou 556011, PR China.
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Wong FSY, Wong CCH, Chan BP, Lo ACY. Sustained Delivery of Bioactive GDNF from Collagen and Alginate-Based Cell-Encapsulating Gel Promoted Photoreceptor Survival in an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159342. [PMID: 27441692 PMCID: PMC4956057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulated-cell therapy (ECT) is an attractive approach for continuously delivering freshly synthesized therapeutics to treat sight-threatening posterior eye diseases, circumventing repeated invasive intravitreal injections and improving local drug availability clinically. Composite collagen-alginate (CAC) scaffold contains an interpenetrating network that integrates the physical and biological merits of its constituents, including biocompatibility, mild gelling properties and availability. However, CAC ECT properties and performance in the eye are not well-understood. Previously, we reported a cultured 3D CAC system that supported the growth of GDNF-secreting HEK293 cells with sustainable GDNF delivery. Here, the system was further developed into an intravitreally injectable gel with 1x104 or 2x105 cells encapsulated in 2mg/ml type I collagen and 1% alginate. Gels with lower alginate concentration yielded higher initial cell viability but faster spheroid formation while increasing initial cell density encouraged cell growth. Continuous GDNF delivery was detected in culture and in healthy rat eyes for at least 14 days. The gels were well-tolerated with no host tissue attachment and contained living cell colonies. Most importantly, gel-implanted in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rat eyes for 28 days retained photoreceptors while those containing higher initial cell number yielded better photoreceptor survival. CAC ECT gels offers flexible system design and is a potential treatment option for posterior eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca S. Y. Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Calvin C. H. Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Barbara P. Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy C. Y. Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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Izawa H, Shimazawa M, Inoue Y, Uchida S, Moroe H, Tsuruma K, Hara H. Protective effects of NSP-116, a novel imidazolyl aniline derivative, against light-induced retinal damage in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:304-12. [PMID: 27151507 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the protective effects of NSP-116 [4-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) aniline], a novel imidazolyl aniline derivative, against light-induced photoreceptor cell damage. In an in vitro experiment, murine photoreceptor (661W) cells were damaged by exposure to light for 24h. Viability of 661W cells after light exposure was assessed by Hoechst 33342/Propidium iodide nuclear staining and a tetrazolium salt (WST-8) assay. Intracellular radical production in 661W cells was evaluated using the reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive probe 5-(and 6)-chloromethyl-2, 7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate acetyl ester (CM-H2DCFDA). NSP-116 significantly suppressed light-induced cell death and ROS production in 661W cells. In an in vivo mouse experiment, retinal damage was induced by exposure to white light at 8000lx for 3h after dark adaptation. Retinal damage was evaluated by recording the electroretinogram and measuring the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness at 5 days after light exposure. Single oral administration of NSP-116 before light exposure protected retinal function and ONL thinning after light exposure. Furthermore, the effect of NSP-116 on lipid peroxidation was evaluated using thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay in porcine retina, and was found to decrease the production of TBARS. Electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements showed that NSP-116 exhibited radical scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide anion radical (∙O2(-)), and hydroxyl radical (∙OH). These findings suggest that NSP-116 has protective effects against light-induced photoreceptor degeneration in vitro and in vivo as a free radical scavenger, and it may be a novel therapeutic agent for retinal degenerative disorders, such as dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Izawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Moroe
- Odawara Research Center, Nippon Soda Co., Ltd, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
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Pfeffer BA, Xu L, Porter NA, Rao SR, Fliesler SJ. Differential cytotoxic effects of 7-dehydrocholesterol-derived oxysterols on cultured retina-derived cells: Dependence on sterol structure, cell type, and density. Exp Eye Res 2016; 145:297-316. [PMID: 26854824 PMCID: PMC5024725 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tissue accumulation of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) is a hallmark of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS), a human inborn error of the cholesterol (CHOL) synthesis pathway. Retinal 7DHC-derived oxysterol formation occurs in the AY9944-induced rat model of SLOS, which exhibits a retinal degeneration characterized by selective loss of photoreceptors and associated functional deficits, Müller cell hypertrophy, and engorgement of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with phagocytic inclusions. We evaluated the relative effects of four 7DHC-derived oxysterols on three retina-derived cell types in culture, with respect to changes in cellular morphology and viability. 661W (photoreceptor-derived) cells, rMC-1 (Müller glia-derived) cells, and normal diploid monkey RPE (mRPE) cells were incubated for 24 h with dose ranges of either 7-ketocholesterol (7kCHOL), 5,9-endoperoxy-cholest-7-en-3β,6α-diol (EPCD), 3β,5α-dihydroxycholest-7-en-6-one (DHCEO), or 4β-hydroxy-7-dehydrocholesterol (4HDHC); CHOL served as a negative control (same dose range), along with appropriate vehicle controls, while staurosporine (Stsp) was used as a positive cytotoxic control. For 661W cells, the rank order of oxysterol potency was: EPCD > 7kCHOL >> DHCEO > 4HDHC ≈ CHOL. EC50 values were higher for confluent vs. subconfluent cultures. 661W cells exhibited much higher sensitivity to EPCD and 7kCHOL than either rMC-1 or mRPE cells, with the latter being the most robust when challenged, either at confluence or in sub-confluent cultures. When tested on rMC-1 and mRPE cells, EPCD was again an order of magnitude more potent than 7kCHOL in compromising cellular viability. Hence, 7DHC-derived oxysterols elicit differential cytotoxicity that is dose-, cell type-, and cell density-dependent. These results are consistent with the observed progressive, photoreceptor-specific retinal degeneration in the rat SLOS model, and support the hypothesis that 7DHC-derived oxysterols are causally linked to that retinal degeneration as well as to SLOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Pfeffer
- Research Service, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sriganesh Ramachandra Rao
- Research Service, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Steven J Fliesler
- Research Service, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Abstract
Evidence is growing that exposure of tissue to low energy photon irradiation in the far-red (FR) to near-infrared (NIR) range of the spectrum, collectively termed "photobiomodulation" (PBM) can restore the function of damaged mitochondria, upregulate the production of cytoprotective factors and prevent apoptotic cell death. PBM has been applied clinically in the treatment of soft tissue injuries and acceleration of wound healing for more than 40 years. Recent studies have demonstrated that FR/NIR photons penetrate diseased tissues including the retina. The therapeutic effects of PBM have been hypothesized to result from intracellular signaling pathways triggered when FR/NIR photons are absorbed by the mitochondrial photoacceptor molecule, cytochrome c oxidase, culminating in improved mitochondrial energy metabolism, increased cytoprotective factor production and cell survival. Investigations in rodent models of methanol-induced ocular toxicity, light damage, retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration have demonstrated the PBM attenuates photoreceptor cell death, protects retinal function and exerts anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis T Eells
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2400 E. Hartford Ave., 53201, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | | | - Krisztina Valter
- Divsion of Biomedical Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 0200, Acton, Australia.
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34
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Fiorani L, Passacantando M, Santucci S, Di Marco S, Bisti S, Maccarone R. Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Reduce Microglial Activation and Neurodegenerative Events in Light Damaged Retina. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140387. [PMID: 26469804 PMCID: PMC4607482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The first target of any therapy for retinal neurodegeneration is to slow down the progression of the disease and to maintain visual function. Cerium oxide or ceria nanoparticles reduce oxidative stress, which is known to play a pivotal role in neurodegeneration. Our aim was to investigate whether cerium oxide nanoparticles were able to mitigate neurodegeneration including microglial activation and related inflammatory processes induced by exposure to high intensity light. Cerium oxide nanoparticles were injected intravitreally or intraveinously in albino Sprague-Dawley rats three weeks before exposing them to light damage of 1000 lux for 24 h. Electroretinographic recordings were performed a week after light damage. The progression of retinal degeneration was evaluated by measuring outer nuclear layer thickness and TUNEL staining to quantify photoreceptors death. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate retinal stress, neuroinflammatory cytokines and microglial activation. Only intravitreally injected ceria nanoparticles were detected at the level of photoreceptor outer segments 3 weeks after the light damage and electoretinographic recordings showed that ceria nanoparticles maintained visual response. Moreover, this treatment reduced neuronal death and "hot spot" extension preserving the outer nuclear layer morphology. It is noteworthy that in this work we demonstrated, for the first time, the ability of ceria nanoparticles to reduce microglial activation and their migration toward outer nuclear layer. All these evidences support ceria nanoparticles as a powerful therapeutic agent in retinal neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Fiorani
- Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito II, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maurizio Passacantando
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito I, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sandro Santucci
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito I, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Marco
- Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito II, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Bisti
- Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito II, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Maccarone
- Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito II, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
In the retina, melatonin is secreted at night by rod/cone photoreceptors and serves as a dark-adaptive signal. Melatonin receptors have been found in many retinal neurons including melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), suggesting it could modulate the physiology of these inner retinal photoreceptors. Here, we investigated whether melatonin modulates the alpha-like M4-type ipRGCs, which are believed to mediate image-forming vision as well as non-image-forming photoresponses. Applying melatonin during daytime (when endogenous melatonin secretion is low) caused whole-cell-recorded M4 cells' rod/cone-driven depolarizing photoresponses to become broader and larger, whereas the associated elevation in spike rate was reduced. Melanopsin-based light responses were not affected significantly. Nighttime application of the melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole also altered M4 cells' rod/cone-driven light responses but in the opposite ways: the duration and amplitude of the graded depolarization were reduced, whereas the accompanying spiking increase was enhanced. These luzindole-induced changes confirmed that M4 cells are modulated by endogenous melatonin. Melatonin could induce the above effects by acting directly on M4 cells because immunohistochemistry detected MT1 receptors in these cells, although it could also act presynaptically. Interestingly, the daytime and nighttime recordings showed significant differences in resting membrane potential, spontaneous spike rate and rod/cone-driven light responses, suggesting that M4 cells are under circadian control. This is the first report of a circadian variation in ipRGCs' resting properties and synaptic input, and of melatoninergic modulation of ipRGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Pack
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - D D Hill
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - K Y Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States; Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States.
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Zhang X, Hong Q, Yang L, Zhang M, Guo X, Chi X, Tong M. PCB1254 exposure contributes to the abnormalities of optomotor responses and influence of the photoreceptor cell development in zebrafish larvae. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 118:133-138. [PMID: 25938693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a group of highly toxic environmental pollutants, have been report to influence the visual system development in children. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. The study was aim to investigate the effects of continuous PCBs exposure on optomotor response (OMR) and retinal photoreceptor cell development-related gene expression in zebrafish larvae. The fertilized zebrafish embryos were exposed to PCBs at concentrations of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1mg/L until 7 days post-fertilization. Control groups with blank and 0.01% methanol were also prepared. OMR test was used to detect the visual behavior. The mRNA expression of the CRX, RHO, SWS1, and SWS2 was assessed by the Quantitative Real-Time PCR. The OMR test showed that the visual behavior of the larvae was most sensitive when the grating spatial frequency was 0.20LP/mm and the moving speed was 25cm/s. Moreover, the proportion of positively swimming fish was significantly reduced in the 0.5 and 1mg/L PCB1254 treatment group (P<0.05) compared with the controls. In addition, the expression of SWS2 was significantly down-regulated in all PCB1254 treatment groups (P<0.05), whereas the decreased expression of the CRX, RHO and SWS1 was found in the 0.5 and 1mg/L PCB1254 groups (P<0.05). This is the first report to demonstrate that continue exposure of zebrafish larvae to PCBs causes photoreceptor cell development-related gene expression changes that lead to OMR behavioral alterations. Analysis of these visual behavioral paradigms may be useful in predicting the adverse effects of toxicants on visual function in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, NO.140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.123, Tianfei Road, Mochou Street, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Qin Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.123, Tianfei Road, Mochou Street, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.123, Tianfei Road, Mochou Street, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, NO.140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xirong Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, NO.140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.123, Tianfei Road, Mochou Street, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Xia Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, NO.140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.123, Tianfei Road, Mochou Street, Nanjing 210004, China.
| | - Meiling Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, NO.140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.123, Tianfei Road, Mochou Street, Nanjing 210004, China.
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Abstract
We investigated the effects of pramipexole, a potent dopamine receptor D2/D3 agonist, on light-induced retinal damage in mice, H2O2-induced retinal pigment epithelium ARPE-19 cell injury in humans, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in a cell-free system. Pramipexole (0.1 and 1 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to mice 1 h before light exposure (5000 lux, 2 h). Electrophysiological and morphologic studies were performed to evaluate the effects of the pramipexole on light-induced retinal damage in mice. Pramipexole significantly prevented the reduction of the a- and b-wave electroretinogram (ERG) amplitudes caused by light exposure in a dose-dependent manner. In parallel, damage to the inner and outer segments (IS/OS) of the photoreceptors, loss of photoreceptor nuclei, and the number of Tdt-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) caused by light exposure were notably ameliorated by pramipexole. Additionally, pramipexole suppressed H2O2-induced ARPE-19 cell death in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of pramipexole was significant at concentrations of 10(-6) M or higher. Pramipexole also significantly prevented H2O2-induced activation of caspases-3/7 and the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a concentration-dependent manner ranging from 10(-5) to 10(-3) M. Furthermore, pramipexole increased the scavenging activity toward a hydroxyl radical generated from H2O2 in a Fenton reaction. Our results suggest that pramipexole protects against light-induced retinal damage as an antioxidant and that it may be a novel and effective therapy for retinal degenerative disorders, such as dry age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Shibagaki
- Research and Development Division, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4-20, Ofuka-cho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-8552, Japan; Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Okamoto
- Corporate Development Division, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4-20, Ofuka-cho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-8552, Japan
| | - Osamu Katsuta
- Research and Development Division, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4-20, Ofuka-cho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-8552, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Nakamura
- Research and Development Division, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4-20, Ofuka-cho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-8552, Japan
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Kooi IE, Mol BM, Moll AC, van der Valk P, de Jong MC, de Graaf P, van Mil SE, Schouten-van Meeteren AY, Meijers-Heijboer H, Kaspers GL, te Riele H, Cloos J, Dorsman JC. Loss of photoreceptorness and gain of genomic alterations in retinoblastoma reveal tumor progression. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:660-70. [PMID: 26288838 PMCID: PMC4534696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma is a pediatric eye cancer associated with RB1 loss or MYCN amplification (RB1 (+/+) MYCN(A) ). There are controversies concerning the existence of molecular subtypes within RB1(-/-) retinoblastoma. To test whether these molecular subtypes exist, we performed molecular profiling. METHODS Genome-wide mRNA expression profiling was performed on 76 primary human retinoblastomas. Expression profiling was complemented by genome-wide DNA profiling and clinical, histopathological, and ex vivo drug sensitivity data. FINDINGS RNA and DNA profiling identified major variability between retinoblastomas. While gene expression differences between RB1 (+/+) MYCN(A) and RB1(-/-) tumors seemed more dichotomous, differences within the RB1(-/-) tumors were gradual. Tumors with high expression of a photoreceptor gene signature were highly differentiated, smaller in volume and diagnosed at younger age compared with tumors with low photoreceptor signature expression. Tumors with lower photoreceptor expression showed increased expression of genes involved in M-phase and mRNA and ribosome synthesis and increased frequencies of somatic copy number alterations. INTERPRETATION Molecular, clinical and histopathological differences between RB1(-/-) tumors are best explained by tumor progression, reflected by a gradual loss of differentiation and photoreceptor expression signature. Since copy number alterations were more frequent in tumors with less photoreceptorness, genomic alterations might be drivers of tumor progression. RESEARCH IN CONTEXT Retinoblastoma is an ocular childhood cancer commonly caused by mutations in the RB1 gene. In order to determine optimal treatment, tumor subtyping is considered critically important. However, except for very rare retinoblastomas without an RB1 mutation, there are controversies as to whether subtypes of retinoblastoma do exist. Our study shows that retinoblastomas are highly diverse but rather than reflecting distinct tumor types with a different etiology, our data suggests that this diversity is a result of tumor progression driven by cumulative genetic alterations. Therefore, retinoblastomas should not be categorized in distinct subtypes, but be described according to their stage of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irsan E. Kooi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Room J-376, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 108 1BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berber M. Mol
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Room J-376, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 108 1BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annette C. Moll
- Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van der Valk
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, 3E47, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus C. de Jong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, 4 F005, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, 4 F005, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia E. van Mil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Room J-376, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 108 1BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Room J-376, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 108 1BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan L. Kaspers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, 9D28, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein te Riele
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Room J-376, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 108 1BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Biological Stress Response, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, 9D28, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, CCA 3.26, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine C. Dorsman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Room J-376, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 108 1BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author at: J-376, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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39
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Rocco ML, Balzamino BO, Petrocchi Passeri P, Micera A, Aloe L. Effect of purified murine NGF on isolated photoreceptors of a rodent developing retinitis pigmentosa. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124810. [PMID: 25897972 PMCID: PMC4405340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of different studies have shown that neurotrophins, including nerve growth factor (NGF) support the survival of retinal ganglion neurons during a variety if insults. Recently, we have reported that that eye NGF administration can protect also photoreceptor degeneration in a mice and rat with inherited retinitis pigmentosa. However, the evidence that NGF acts directly on photoreceptors and that other retinal cells mediate the NGF effect could not be excluded. In the present study we have isolated retinal cells from rats with inherited retinitis pigmentosa (RP) during the post-natal stage of photoreceptor degenerative. In presence of NGF, these cells are characterized by enhanced expression of NGF-receptors and rhodopsin, the specific marker of photoreceptor and better cell survival, as well as neuritis outgrowth. Together these observations support the hypothesis that NGF that NGF acts directly on photoreceptors survival and prevents photoreceptor degeneration as previously suggested by in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pamela Petrocchi Passeri
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Rome, Italy
- Dept. Medicine of Systems, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Aloe
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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40
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Wong LL, Pye QN, Chen L, Seal S, McGinnis JF. Defining the catalytic activity of nanoceria in the P23H-1 rat, a photoreceptor degeneration model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121977. [PMID: 25822196 PMCID: PMC4379093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inorganic catalytic nanoceria or cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) are bona fide antioxidants that possess regenerative radical scavenging activities in vitro. Previously, we demonstrated that CeNPs had neuroprotective and anti-angiogenic properties in rodent retinal degeneration and neovascularization models. However, the cellular mechanisms and duration of the catalytic activity of CeNPs in preventing photoreceptor cell loss are still unknown. In this study, we sought to answer these questions using the P23H-1 rat, an autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) model. Methods A single dose of either saline or CeNPs was delivered intravitreally into the eyes of P23H-1 rats at 2–3 weeks of age. Retinal functions were examined at 3 to 7 weeks post injection. We quantified retinal proteins by Western blot analyses and counted the number of apoptotic (TUNEL+) profiles in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) of retinal sections. We measured free 8-isoprostanes to quantify lipid peroxidation in retinal tissues. Results We observed increased rod and cone cell functions up to three weeks post injection. Apoptotic cells were reduced by 46%, 56%, 21%, and 24% at 3, 7, 14, 21 days, respectively, after CeNPs injection compared to saline. Additionally, reduction of lipid peroxidation in the retinas of CeNPs-treated vs saline-treated animals was detected 14 days post injection. Conclusions We validated that CeNPs were effective in delaying loss of photoreceptor cell function in an adRP rat model. This represents the fourth rodent retinal disease model that shows delay in disease progression after a single application of CeNPs. We further demonstrated that CeNPs slowed the rate of photoreceptor cell death. We deduced that the catalytic activity of CeNPs in vivo in this rat model to be undiminished for at least 7 days and then declined over the next 14 days after CeNPs administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily L. Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, College of Medicine, and Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LLW); (JFM)
| | - Quentin N. Pye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, College of Medicine, and Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, College of Medicine, and Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing Analysis Center, Materials Science and Engineering, Nanoscience and Technology Center, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - James F. McGinnis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, College of Medicine, and Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Graduate College, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LLW); (JFM)
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Shimazawa M, Sugitani S, Inoue Y, Tsuruma K, Hara H. Effect of a sigma-1 receptor agonist, cutamesine dihydrochloride (SA4503), on photoreceptor cell death against light-induced damage. Exp Eye Res 2015; 132:64-72. [PMID: 25616094 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cutamesine dihydrochloride is an agonist of sigma-1 receptor, which is a ligand-operated receptor chaperone at the mitochondrion-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. ER stress plays a pivotal role in light irradiation-induced retinal damage. In the present study, we examined whether cutamesine is effective against experimental degenerative retinal damages in vitro and in vivo. The effects of cutamesine against white light-induced retinal photoreceptor damage were evaluated in vitro by measuring cell death. The expression of sigma-1 receptor after the light exposure was examined by immunoblot analysis. The disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3/7 activation after excessive light exposure were also examined. In addition, retinal damage in mice induced by irradiation to white light was evaluated using histological staining and electroretinography. Cutamesine reduced the cell death rate induced by light exposure, and the protective effect was prevented by N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine (BD-1047) dihydrobromide, a sigma-1 receptor antagonist. Sigma-1 receptor expression was decreased by light exposure, and cutamesine suppressed the decreased expression of sigma-1 receptor protein. Cutamesine also reduced the mitochondrial damage and reduced the elevated level of caspase 3/7 activity; this effect was attenuated by BD-1047. In in vivo studies, cutamesine suppressed the light-induced retinal dysfunction and thinning of the outer nuclear layer in the mouse retina. These findings indicate that cutamesine protects against retinal cell death in vitro and in vivo by the agonistic effect of sigma-1 receptor. Therefore, sigma-1 receptor may have a potential as a therapeutic target in retinal diseases mediated by photoreceptor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Sou Sugitani
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
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Tronov VA, Vinogradova YV, Poplinskaya VA, Nekrasova EI, Ostrovsky MA. [Radiation preconditioning of mouse retina results in tolerance to MNU-induced degeneration and stimulates retinal recovery]. Tsitologiia 2015; 57:119-128. [PMID: 26035969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging body of data indicate protecting effect of low level of stress (preconditioning) on retina. Our previous studies have revealed a non-linear dose-response relationship for cytotoxic effect of both ionizing radiation and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) on mouse retina. Moreover, non-cytotoxic dose of MNU increased tolerance of retina to following challenge dose of MNU. This result displays protection of retina through mechanism of recovery. In the present study we used the mouse model for MNU-induced retinal degeneration to evaluate the adaptive response of the retina to proton irradiation and implication of glial Muller cells in this response. In this paper, we have shown that the recovery of the retina after exposure to genotoxic agents is associated with an increased efficiency of DNA damage repair and lowered death of retinal photoreceptors.
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Vessey KA, Greferath U, Aplin FP, Jobling AI, Phipps JA, Ho T, De Iongh RU, Fletcher EL. Adenosine triphosphate-induced photoreceptor death and retinal remodeling in rats. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2928-50. [PMID: 24639102 PMCID: PMC4265795 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many common causes of blindness involve the death of retinal photoreceptors, followed by progressive inner retinal cell remodeling. For an inducible model of retinal degeneration to be useful, it must recapitulate these changes. Intravitreal administration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has recently been found to induce acute photoreceptor death. The aim of this study was to characterize the chronic effects of ATP on retinal integrity. Five-week-old, dark agouti rats were administered 50 mM ATP into the vitreous of one eye and saline into the other. Vision was assessed using the electroretinogram and optokinetic response and retinal morphology investigated via histology. ATP caused significant loss of visual function within 1 day and loss of 50% of the photoreceptors within 1 week. At 3 months, 80% of photoreceptor nuclei were lost, and total photoreceptor loss occurred by 6 months. The degeneration and remodeling were similar to those found in heritable retinal dystrophies and age-related macular degeneration and included inner retinal neuronal loss, migration, and formation of new synapses; Müller cell gliosis, migration, and scarring; blood vessel loss; and retinal pigment epithelium migration. In addition, extreme degeneration and remodeling events, such as neuronal and glial migration outside the neural retina and proliferative changes in glial cells, were observed. These extreme changes were also observed in the 2-year-old P23H rhodopsin transgenic rat model of retinitis pigmentosa. This ATP-induced model of retinal degeneration may provide a valuable tool for developing pharmaceutical therapies or for testing electronic implants aimed at restoring vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstan A Vessey
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ursula Greferath
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Felix P Aplin
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital,East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia
- The Bionics Institute,East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia
| | - Andrew I Jobling
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Joanna A Phipps
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Tracy Ho
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Robbert U De Iongh
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Erica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Shen W, Lee SR, Araujo J, Chung SH, Zhu L, Gillies MC. Effect of glucocorticoids on neuronal and vascular pathology in a transgenic model of selective Müller cell ablation. Glia 2014; 62:1110-24. [PMID: 24687761 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Retinal diseases such as macular telangiectasis type 2 (MacTel), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) affect both neurons and blood vessels. Treatments addressing both at the same time might have advantages over more specific approaches, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, which are used to treat vascular leak but are suspected to have a neurotoxic effect. Here, we studied the effects of an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in a transgenic model in which patchy Müller cell ablation leads to photoreceptor degeneration, vascular leak, and intraretinal neovascularization. TA was injected 4 days before Müller cell ablation. Changes in photoreceptors, microglia and Müller cells, retinal vasculature, differential expression of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR) ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), the precursor and mature forms of neurotrophin 3 (pro-NT3 and mature NT3) and activation of the p53 and p38 stress-activated protein kinase (p38/SAPK) signaling pathways were examined. We found that TA prevented photoreceptor degeneration and inhibited activation of microglial and Müller cells. TA attenuated Müller cell loss and inhibited overexpression of p75(NTR) , TNFα, pro-NT, and the activation of p53 and p38/SAPK signaling pathways. TA not only prevented the development of retinal vascular lesions but also inhibited fluorescein leakage from established vascular lesions. TA inhibited overexpression of VEGF in transgenic mice but without affecting its basal level expression in the normal retina. Our data suggest that glucocorticoid treatment may be beneficial for treatment of retinal diseases such as MacTel, AMD, and DR that affect both neurons and the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyong Shen
- Macular Research Group. Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia
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Omri S, Behar-Cohen F, Rothschild PR, Gélizé E, Jonet L, Jeanny JC, Omri B, Crisanti P. PKCζ mediates breakdown of outer blood-retinal barriers in diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81600. [PMID: 24312324 PMCID: PMC3843687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/hypothesis Diabetic macular edema represents the main cause of visual loss in diabetic retinopathy. Besides inner blood retinal barrier breakdown, the role of the outer blood retinal barrier breakdown has been poorly analyzed. We characterized the structural and molecular alterations of the outer blood retinal barrier during the time course of diabetes, focusing on PKCζ, a critical protein for tight junction assembly, known to be overactivated by hyperglycemia. Methods Studies were conducted on a type2 diabetes Goto-Kakizaki rat model. PKCζ level and subcellular localization were assessed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Cell death was detected by TUNEL assays. PKCζ level on specific layers was assessed by laser microdissection followed by Western blotting. The functional role of PKCζ was then evaluated in vivo, using intraocular administration of its specific inhibitor. Results PKCζ was localized in tight junction protein complexes of the retinal pigment epithelium and in photoreceptors inner segments. Strikingly, in outer segment PKCζ staining was restricted to cone photoreceptors. Short-term hyperglycemia induced activation and delocalization of PKCζ from both retinal pigment epithelium junctions and cone outer segment. Outer blood retinal barrier disruption and photoreceptor cone degeneration characterized long-term hyperglycemia. In vivo, reduction of PKCζ overactivation using a specific inhibitor, restored its tight-junction localization and not only improved the outer blood retinal barrier, but also reduced photoreceptor cell-death. Conclusions In the retina, hyperglycemia induced overactivation of PKCζ is associated with outer blood retinal barrier breakdown and photoreceptor degeneration. In vivo, short-term inhibition of PKCζ restores the outer barrier structure and reduces photoreceptor cell death, identifying PKCζ as a potential target for early and underestimated diabetes-induced retinal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Omri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMRS 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UPMC-Paris6, UMRS 872, Paris, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMRS 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UPMC-Paris6, UMRS 872, Paris, France
- Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Raphaël Rothschild
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMRS 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UPMC-Paris6, UMRS 872, Paris, France
- Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gélizé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMRS 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UPMC-Paris6, UMRS 872, Paris, France
- Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Jonet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMRS 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UPMC-Paris6, UMRS 872, Paris, France
| | - Jean Claude Jeanny
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMRS 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UPMC-Paris6, UMRS 872, Paris, France
| | - Boubaker Omri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMRS 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UPMC-Paris6, UMRS 872, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Crisanti
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMRS 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UPMC-Paris6, UMRS 872, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Chen Y, Palczewska G, Mustafi D, Golczak M, Dong Z, Sawada O, Maeda T, Maeda A, Palczewski K. Systems pharmacology identifies drug targets for Stargardt disease-associated retinal degeneration. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:5119-34. [PMID: 24231350 DOI: 10.1172/jci69076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A systems pharmacological approach that capitalizes on the characterization of intracellular signaling networks can transform our understanding of human diseases and lead to therapy development. Here, we applied this strategy to identify pharmacological targets for the treatment of Stargardt disease, a severe juvenile form of macular degeneration. Diverse GPCRs have previously been implicated in neuronal cell survival, and crosstalk between GPCR signaling pathways represents an unexplored avenue for pharmacological intervention. We focused on this receptor family for potential therapeutic interventions in macular disease. Complete transcriptomes of mouse and human samples were analyzed to assess the expression of GPCRs in the retina. Focusing on adrenergic (AR) and serotonin (5-HT) receptors, we found that adrenoceptor α 2C (Adra2c) and serotonin receptor 2a (Htr2a) were the most highly expressed. Using a mouse model of Stargardt disease, we found that pharmacological interventions that targeted both GPCR signaling pathways and adenylate cyclases (ACs) improved photoreceptor cell survival, preserved photoreceptor function, and attenuated the accumulation of pathological fluorescent deposits in the retina. These findings demonstrate a strategy for the identification of new drug candidates and FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of monogenic and complex diseases.
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MESH Headings
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/deficiency
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenine/pharmacology
- Adenine/therapeutic use
- Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/therapeutic use
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Alcohol Oxidoreductases/deficiency
- Alcohol Oxidoreductases/genetics
- Animals
- Cell Survival
- Disease Models, Animal
- Doxazosin/pharmacology
- Doxazosin/therapeutic use
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Guanabenz/pharmacology
- Guanabenz/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Light/adverse effects
- Macaca fascicularis
- Macular Degeneration/congenital
- Macular Degeneration/drug therapy
- Macular Degeneration/genetics
- Macular Degeneration/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/drug effects
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/pathology
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/physiology
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/radiation effects
- Reactive Oxygen Species
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/biosynthesis
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction
- Stargardt Disease
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Ogawa K, Tsuruma K, Tanaka J, Kakino M, Kobayashi S, Shimazawa M, Hara H. The protective effects of bilberry and lingonberry extracts against UV light-induced retinal photoreceptor cell damage in vitro. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:10345-10353. [PMID: 24083563 DOI: 10.1021/jf402772h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bilberry extract (B-ext) and lingonberry extract (L-ext) are currently used as health supplements. We investigated the protective mechanisms of the B-ext and L-ext against ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced retinal photoreceptor cell damage. Cultured murine photoreceptor (661W) cells were exposed to UVA following treatment with B-ext and L-ext and their main constituents (cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, trans-resveratrol, and procyanidin). B-ext, L-ext, and constituents improved cell viability and suppressed ROS generation. Phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and protein kinase B (Akt) were analyzed by Western blotting. B-ext and cyanidin inhibited phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and B-ext also inhibited phosphorylation of JNK by UVA. L-ext, trans-resveratrol, and procyanidin alleviated the reduction of phosphorylated Akt levels by UVA. Finally, a cotreatment with B-ext and L-ext showed an additive effect on cell viability. Our findings suggest that both B-ext and L-ext endow protective effects against UVA-induced retinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjirou Ogawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University , Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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Ozaki T, Ishiguro SI, Hirano S, Baba A, Yamashita T, Tomita H, Nakazawa M. Inhibitory peptide of mitochondrial μ-calpain protects against photoreceptor degeneration in rhodopsin transgenic S334ter and P23H rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71650. [PMID: 23951212 PMCID: PMC3739725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial μ-calpain and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-dependent photoreceptor cell death has been seen in several rat and mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Previously, we demonstrated that the specific peptide inhibitor of mitochondrial μ-calpain, Tat-µCL, protected against retinal degeneration following intravitreal injection or topical eye-drop application in Mertk gene-mutated Royal College of Surgeons rats, one of the animal models of RP. Because of the high rate of rhodopsin mutations in RP patients, the present study was performed to confirm the protective effects of Tat-µCL against retinal degeneration in rhodopsin transgenic S334ter and P23H rats. We examined the effects of intravitreal injection or topical application of the peptide on retinal degeneration in S334ter and P23H rats by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, electroretinogram (ERG), immunohistochemistry for AIF, and histological staining. In S334ter rats, we found that intravitreal injection or topical application of the peptide prevented photoreceptor cell death from postnatal (PN) 15 to 18 days, the time of early-stage retinal degeneration. Topical application of the peptide also delayed attenuation of ERG responses from PN 28 to 56 days. In P23H rats, topical application of the peptide protected against photoreceptor cell death and nuclear translocation of AIF on PN 30, 40, and 50 days, as the primary stages of degeneration. We observed that topical application of the peptide inhibited the thinning of the outer nuclear layer and delayed ERG attenuations from PN 30 to 90 days. Our results demonstrate that the mitochondrial μ-calpain and AIF pathway is involved in early-stage retinal degeneration in rhodopsin transgenic S334ter and P23H rats, and inhibition of this pathway shows curative potential for rhodopsin mutation-caused RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Ozaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hirosaki University Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Sei-ichi Ishiguro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hirosaki University Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hirosaki University Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ayaka Baba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hirosaki University Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Yamashita
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Iwate University Faculty of Agriculture, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomita
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Iwate University Graduate School of Engineering, Morioka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Deng TT, Dou RH, Pan L, Zhang YH, Yuan W, Deng H, Jin M. [Effect and mechanisms of wenyang yiqi huoxue recipe on the apoptosis of photoreceptor cells in retinal degeneration slow mice]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2013; 33:1122-1128. [PMID: 24325067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of Wenyang Yiqi Huoxue Recipe (WYHR) on the apoptosis of photoreceptor cells in retinal degeneration slow (RDS) mice, and to investigate its molecular mechanisms. METHODS RDS mice were randomly divided into the model group and the Chinese medicine group,and C57BL/6J mice were selected as the normal control group. Each group consisted of 4 female mice and 2 male mice. Mice in the Chinese medicine group were administered with WYHR (10 mg/g) by gastrogavage since mating. Baby mice drunk WYHR decoction instead of drinking water once they were born. The offspring were administrated with low dose WYHR decoction by gastrogavage from the 7th postnatal day, and the dose was increased to that for adult mice from the 21st postnatal day. Physiological saline was administrated to mice in the model group and the normal control group by gastrogavage. At 18, 28 and 48 postnatal days, electroretinogram (ERG) was used to evaluate the retina functional variation, and the apoptotic rate of photoreceptor cells was determined by TUNEL staining. HE staining was performed. The number of photoreceptor cells of the outer nuclear layer was calculated. Furthermore, effect of WYHR on Rhodopsin and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression was examined using immunochemical assay. RESULTS Compared with the model group, a- and b-wave latency and amplitude, as well as the bFGF expression sharply increased in the Max-ERG of the Chinese medicine group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) at 18 postnatal days. At 28 and 48 postnatal days, a- and b-wave latency and amplitude sharply increased, photoreceptor cell layer numbers of the outer nuclear layer obviously increased, the apoptosis rate of retinal photoreceptor cells obviously decreased, expressions of Rhodopsin and bFGF in the Chinese medicine group significantly increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION WYHR could effectively inhibit the apoptosis of photoreceptor cells in RDS mice, which might be attributed to up-regulating bFGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-ting Deng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing (100029), China
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Sahaboglu A, Paquet-Durand O, Dietter J, Dengler K, Bernhard-Kurz S, Ekström PAR, Hitzmann B, Ueffing M, Paquet-Durand F. Retinitis pigmentosa: rapid neurodegeneration is governed by slow cell death mechanisms. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e488. [PMID: 23392176 PMCID: PMC3593146 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For most neurodegenerative diseases the precise duration of an individual cell's death is unknown, which is an obstacle when counteractive measures are being considered. To address this, we used the rd1 mouse model for retinal neurodegeneration, characterized by phosphodiesterase-6 (PDE6) dysfunction and photoreceptor death triggered by high cyclic guanosine-mono-phosphate (cGMP) levels. Using cellular data on cGMP accumulation, cell death, and survival, we created mathematical models to simulate the temporal development of the degeneration. We validated model predictions using organotypic retinal explant cultures derived from wild-type animals and exposed to the selective PDE6 inhibitor zaprinast. Together, photoreceptor data and modeling for the first time delineated three major cell death phases in a complex neuronal tissue: (1) initiation, taking up to 36 h, (2) execution, lasting another 40 h, and finally (3) clearance, lasting about 7 h. Surprisingly, photoreceptor neurodegeneration was noticeably slower than necrosis or apoptosis, suggesting a different mechanism of death for these neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sahaboglu
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - O Paquet-Durand
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Dietter
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - K Dengler
- Skin Clinic, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Bernhard-Kurz
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - P AR Ekström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - B Hitzmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Paquet-Durand
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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