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Li X, Mu Y, Hua M, Wang J, Zhang X. Integrated phenotypic, transcriptomics and metabolomics: growth status and metabolite accumulation pattern of medicinal materials at different harvest periods of Astragalus Membranaceus Mongholicus. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:358. [PMID: 38698337 PMCID: PMC11067282 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Astragalus), acknowledged as a pivotal "One Root of Medicine and Food", boasts dual applications in both culinary and medicinal domains. The growth and metabolite accumulation of medicinal roots during the harvest period is intricately regulated by a transcriptional regulatory network. One key challenge is to accurately pinpoint the harvest date during the transition from conventional yield content of medicinal materials to high and to identify the core regulators governing such a critical transition. To solve this problem, we performed a correlation analysis of phenotypic, transcriptome, and metabolome dynamics during the harvesting of Astragalus roots. RESULTS First, our analysis identified stage-specific expression patterns for a significant proportion of the Astragalus root genes and unraveled the chronology of events that happen at the early and later stages of root harvest. Then, the results showed that different root developmental stages can be depicted by co-expressed genes of Astragalus. Moreover, we identified the key components and transcriptional regulation processes that determine root development during harvest. Furthermore, through correlating phenotypes, transcriptomes, and metabolomes at different harvesting periods, period D (Nov.6) was identified as the critical period of yield and flavonoid content increase, which is consistent with morphological and metabolic changes. In particular, we identified a flavonoid biosynthesis metabolite, isoliquiritigenin, as a core regulator of the synthesis of associated secondary metabolites in Astragalus. Further analyses and experiments showed that HMGCR, 4CL, CHS, and SQLE, along with its associated differentially expressed genes, induced conversion of metabolism processes, including the biosynthesis of isoflavones and triterpenoid saponins substances, thus leading to the transition to higher medicinal materials yield and active ingredient content. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this work will clarify the differences in the biosynthetic mechanism of astragaloside IV and calycosin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside accumulation between the four harvesting periods, which will guide the harvesting and production of Astragalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Li
- Engineering Research Center for the Seed Breeding of Chinese and Mongolian Medicinal Materials in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, College of Grassland, Resource and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. of China
| | - Yingtong Mu
- Engineering Research Center for the Seed Breeding of Chinese and Mongolian Medicinal Materials in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, College of Grassland, Resource and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. of China
| | - Mei Hua
- Engineering Research Center for the Seed Breeding of Chinese and Mongolian Medicinal Materials in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, College of Grassland, Resource and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. of China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Engineering Research Center for the Seed Breeding of Chinese and Mongolian Medicinal Materials in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China.
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, College of Grassland, Resource and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. of China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for the Seed Breeding of Chinese and Mongolian Medicinal Materials in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China.
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, College of Grassland, Resource and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. of China.
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Wani BA, Magray JA, Ganie AH, Rashid S, Roof-Ul-Qadir, Javid H, Nawchoo IA. Seed biology imperative for conservation and restoration of Swertia thomsonii C.B. Clarke-an endemic medicinal plant of Himalaya. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:472. [PMID: 38662176 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Endemic medicinal plants deserve immediate research priorities as they typically show a limited distribution range, represent few and fragmented populations in the wild and are currently facing anthropogenic threats like overharvesting and habitat degradation. One of the important aspects of ensuring their successful conservation and sustainable utilization lies in comprehending the fundamental seed biology, particularly the dormancy status and seed germination requirements of these plants. Here, we studied the seed eco-physiology and regeneration potential of Swertia thomsonii-an endemic medicinal plant of western Himalaya. We investigated the effect of different pre-sowing treatments, sowing media and sowing depth on seed germination parameters of S. thomsonii. Seeds of S. thomsonii exhibit morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), i.e. when the embryo of the seed is morphologically and/or physiologically immature. Wet stratification at 4 °C for 20 days, pre-sowing treatment with 50 ppm GA3 and pre-sowing treatment with 50 ppm KNO3 were found ideal for overcoming dormancy and enhancing the seed germination of S. thomsonii. Furthermore, seed germination and seedling survival were significantly influenced by pre-sowing treatments, sowing media and sowing depth. The percentage of seed germination and seedling survival got enhanced up to 84-86% and 73-75% respectively when seeds were pre-treated with GA3 or KNO3 and then sown in cocopeat + perlite (1:1) at a depth of 1 cm. The information obtained in the present study outlines an efficient protocol for large-scale cultivation of S. thomsonii thereby limiting the pressure of overexploitation from its natural habitats and may also help in the restoration and conservation of this valuable plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal A Wani
- Plant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190 006, J&K, India.
| | - Junaid A Magray
- Plant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190 006, J&K, India
| | - Aijaz H Ganie
- Plant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190 006, J&K, India
| | - Sufiya Rashid
- Plant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190 006, J&K, India
| | - Roof-Ul-Qadir
- Plant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190 006, J&K, India
| | - Hanan Javid
- Plant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190 006, J&K, India
| | - Irshad A Nawchoo
- Plant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190 006, J&K, India
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Petrova M, Miladinova-Georgieva K, Geneva M. Influence of Abiotic and Biotic Elicitors on Organogenesis, Biomass Accumulation, and Production of Key Secondary Metabolites in Asteraceae Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4197. [PMID: 38673783 PMCID: PMC11050642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family are a valuable source of bioactive secondary metabolites, including polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, acetylenes, sesquiterpene lactones, triterpenes, etc. Under stressful conditions, the plants develop these secondary substances to carry out physiological tasks in plant cells. Secondary Asteraceae metabolites that are of the greatest interest to consumers are artemisinin (an anti-malarial drug from Artemisia annua L.-sweet wormwood), steviol glycosides (an intense sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana Bert.-stevia), caffeic acid derivatives (with a broad spectrum of biological activities synthesized from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench-echinacea and Cichorium intybus L.-chicory), helenalin and dihydrohelenalin (anti-inflammatory drug from Arnica montana L.-mountain arnica), parthenolide ("medieval aspirin" from Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip.-feverfew), and silymarin (liver-protective medicine from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.-milk thistle). The necessity to enhance secondary metabolite synthesis has arisen due to the widespread use of these metabolites in numerous industrial sectors. Elicitation is an effective strategy to enhance the production of secondary metabolites in in vitro cultures. Suitable technological platforms for the production of phytochemicals are cell suspension, shoots, and hairy root cultures. Numerous reports describe an enhanced accumulation of desired metabolites after the application of various abiotic and biotic elicitors. Elicitors induce transcriptional changes in biosynthetic genes, leading to the metabolic reprogramming of secondary metabolism and clarifying the mechanism of the synthesis of bioactive compounds. This review summarizes biotechnological investigations concerning the biosynthesis of medicinally essential metabolites in plants of the Asteraceae family after various elicitor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Geneva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.); (K.M.-G.)
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Theerawitaya C, Praseartkul P, Taota K, Tisarum R, Samphumphuang T, Singh HP, Cha-Um S. Investigating high throughput phenotyping based morpho-physiological and biochemical adaptations of indian pennywort (Centella asiatica L. urban) in response to different irrigation regimes. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 202:107927. [PMID: 37544120 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Indian pennywort (Centella asiatica L. Urban; Apiaceae) is a herbaceous plant used as traditional medicine in several regions worldwide. An adequate supply of fresh water in accordance with crop requirements is an important tool for maintaining the productivity and quality of medicinal plants. The objective of this study was to find a suitable irrigation schedule for improving the morphological and physiological characteristics, and crop productivity of Indian pennywort using high-throughput phenotyping. Four treatments were considered based on irrigation schedules (100, 75, 50, and 25% of field capacity denoted by I100 [control], I75, I50, and I25, respectively). The number of leaves, plant perimeter, plant volume, and shoot dry weight were sustained in I75 irrigated plants, whereas adverse effects on plant growth parameters were observed when plants were subjected to I25 irrigation for 21 days. Leaf temperature (Tleaf) was also retained in I75 irrigated plants, when compared with control. An increase of 2.0 °C temperature was detected in the Tleaf of plants under I25 irrigation treatment when compared with control. The increase in Tleaf was attributed to a decreased transpiration rate (R2 = 0.93), leading to an elevated crop water stress index. Green reflectance and leaf greenness remained unchanged in plants under I75 irrigation, while significantly decreased under I50 and I25 irrigation. These decreases were attributed to declined leaf osmotic potential, increased non-photochemical quenching, and inhibition of net photosynthetic rate (Pn). The asiatic acid and total centellosides in the leaf tissues, and centellosides yield of plants under I75 irrigation were retained when compared with control, while these parameters were regulated to maximal when exposed to I50 irrigation. Based on the results, I75 irrigation treatment was identified as the optimum irrigation schedule for Indian pennywort in terms of sustained biomass and a stable total centellosides. However, further validation in the field trials at multiple locations and involving different crop rotations is recommended to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cattarin Theerawitaya
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Patchara Praseartkul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Taota
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Rujira Tisarum
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Thapanee Samphumphuang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Suriyan Cha-Um
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
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Groner VP, Nicholas O, Mabhaudhi T, Slotow R, Akçakaya HR, Mace GM, Pearson RG. Climate change, land cover change, and overharvesting threaten a widely used medicinal plant in South Africa. Ecol Appl 2022; 32:e2545. [PMID: 35084804 PMCID: PMC9286539 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants contribute substantially to the well-being of people in large parts of the world, providing traditional medicine and supporting livelihoods from trading plant parts, which is especially significant for women in low-income communities. However, the availability of wild medicinal plants is increasingly threatened; for example, the Natal Lily (Clivia miniata), which is one of the most widely traded plants in informal medicine markets in South Africa, lost over 40% of individuals over the last 90 years. Understanding the species' response to individual and multiple pressures is essential for prioritizing and planning conservation actions. To gain this understanding, we simulated the future range and abundance of C. miniata by coupling Species Distribution Models with a metapopulation model (RAMAS-GIS). We contrasted scenarios of climate change (RCP2.6 vs. RCP8.5), land cover change (intensification vs. expansion), and harvesting (only juveniles vs. all life-stages). All our scenarios pointed to continuing declines in suitable habitat and abundance by the 2050s. When acting independently, climate change, land cover change, and harvesting each reduced the projected abundance substantially, with land cover change causing the most pronounced declines. Harvesting individuals from all life stages affected the projected metapopulation size more negatively than extracting only juveniles. When the three pressures acted together, declines of suitable habitat and abundance accelerated but uncertainties were too large to identify whether pressures acted synergistically, additively, or antagonistically. Our results suggest that conservation should prioritize the protection of suitable habitat and ensure sustainable harvesting to support a viable metapopulation under realistic levels of climate change. Inadequate management of C. miniata populations in the wild will likely have negative consequences for the well-being of people relying on this ecosystem service, and we expect there may be comparable consequences relating to other medicinal plants in different parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne P. Groner
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Owen Nicholas
- Department of Statistical ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Kwazulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
- International Water Management Institute (IWMI‐GH)AccraGhana
| | - Rob Slotow
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Life SciencesUniversity of Kwazulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity CollegeLondonUK
| | - H. Reşit Akçakaya
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
- IUCN Species Survival CommissionIUCNGlandSwitzerland
| | - Georgina M. Mace
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Richard G. Pearson
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Rizvi A, Ahmed B, Khan MS, El-Beltagi HS, Umar S, Lee J. Bioprospecting Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Enhancing the Biological Properties and Phytochemical Composition of Medicinally Important Crops. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041407. [PMID: 35209196 PMCID: PMC8880754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, medicinal plants have long been used as a natural therapy. Plant-derived extracts or phytochemicals have been exploited as food additives and for curing many health-related ailments. The secondary metabolites produced by many plants have become an integral part of human health and have strengthened the value of plant extracts as herbal medicines. To fulfil the demand of health care systems, food and pharmaceutical industries, interest in the cultivation of precious medicinal plants to harvest bio-active compounds has increased considerably worldwide. To achieve maximum biomass and yield, growers generally apply chemical fertilizers which have detrimental impacts on the growth, development and phytoconstituents of such therapeutically important plants. Application of beneficial rhizosphere microbiota is an alternative strategy to enhance the production of valuable medicinal plants under both conventional and stressed conditions due to its low cost, environmentally friendly behaviour and non-destructive impact on fertility of soil, plants and human health. The microbiological approach improves plant growth by various direct and indirect mechanisms involving the abatement of various abiotic stresses. Given the negative impacts of fertilizers and multiple benefits of microbiological resources, the role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the production of biomass and their impact on the quality of bio-active compounds (phytochemicals) and mitigation of abiotic stress to herbal plants have been described in this review. The PGPR based enhancement in the herbal products has potential for use as a low cost phytomedicine which can be used to improve health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfa Rizvi
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India; (A.R.); (S.U.)
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
- Correspondence: (B.A.); (H.S.E.-B.)
| | - Mohammad Saghir Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Gamma St., Cairo 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (B.A.); (H.S.E.-B.)
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India; (A.R.); (S.U.)
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
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Appolloni E, Pennisi G, Zauli I, Carotti L, Paucek I, Quaini S, Orsini F, Gianquinto G. Beyond vegetables: effects of indoor LED light on specialized metabolite biosynthesis in medicinal and aromatic plants, edible flowers, and microgreens. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:472-487. [PMID: 34462916 PMCID: PMC9292972 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Specialized metabolites from plants are important for human health due to their antioxidant properties. Light is one of the main factors modulating the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites, determining the cascade response activated by photoreceptors and the consequent modulation of expressed genes and biosynthetic pathways. Recent developments in light emitting diode (LED) technology have enabled improvements in artificial light applications for horticulture. In particular, the possibility to select specific spectral light compositions, intensities and photoperiods has been associated with altered metabolite content in a variety of crops. This review aims to analyze the effects of indoor LED lighting recipes and management on the specialized metabolite content in different groups of crop plants (namely medicinal and aromatic plants, microgreens and edible flowers), focusing on the literature from the last 5 years. The literature collection produced a total of 40 papers, which were analyzed according to the effects of artificial LED lighting on the content of anthocyanins, carotenoids, phenols, tocopherols, glycosides, and terpenes, and ranked on a scale of 1 to 3. Most studies applied a combination of red and blue light (22%) or monochromatic blue (23%), with a 16 h day-1 photoperiod (78%) and an intensity greater than 200 μmol m-2 s-1 (77%). These treatment features were often the most efficient in enhancing specialized metabolite content, although large variations in performance were observed, according to the species considered and the compound analyzed. The review aims to provide valuable indications for the definition of the most promising spectral components toward the achievement of nutrient-rich indoor-grown products. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Appolloni
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Giuseppina Pennisi
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Ilaria Zauli
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Laura Carotti
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Ivan Paucek
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | | | - Francesco Orsini
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Giorgio Gianquinto
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
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Hao J, Li Y, Jia Y, Wang Z, Rong R, Bao J, Zhao M, Fu Z, Ge G. Comparative Analysis of Major Flavonoids among Parts of Lactuca indica during Different Growth Periods. Molecules 2021; 26:7445. [PMID: 34946527 PMCID: PMC8705863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
L. indica L. cv. Mengzao, a medicinal plant of the Ixeris genus, is rich in flavonoids. In order to thoroughly analyze the the distribution and dynamic change of major flavonoids in its various parts from different growth periods, the flavonoids extracted from L. indica L. cv. Mengzao were identified and quantitatively analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Results indicated that 15 flavonoids were identified from L. indica L. cv. Mengzao, and rutin, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and apigenin are the major flavonoids in L. indica L. cv. Mengzao. In general, the total flavonoids' content in different parts of L. indica L. cv. Mengzao followed the order flowers > leaves > stems > roots. Flowers and leaves are the main harvesting parts of L. indica L. cv. Mengzao, and the flowering period is the most suitable harvesting period. This study provides valuable information for the development and utilization of L. indica L. cv. Mengzao and determined the best part to harvest and the optimal time for harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Hao
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Rong Rong
- Hinggan League Forestry and Grassland Workstation, Ulanhot 137499, China
| | - Jian Bao
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Muqier Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Zhihui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
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Zahra N, Wahid A, Hafeez MB, Alyemeni MN, Shah T, Ahmad P. Plant growth promoters mediated quality and yield attributes of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) ecotypes under salinity stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23200. [PMID: 34853350 PMCID: PMC8636566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn (Astraceae) is a well-reputed medicinal plant mostly utilized for silymarin (Sily) content and oil production, however, the information about Sily contents in achene part is still fragmented under different climatic conditions. In this study four milk thistle ecotypes from Faisalabad (FSD), Gujranwala (GUJ), Quetta (QTA), and Kallar kahar (KK) having an altered achene color were analyzed under salt stress. Application of plant growth promoters (PGPs) is one of the solution for ameliorating the effect of salinity and increasing the quantity and quality traits of milk thistle, so ascorbic acid (AsA), thiourea (TU), and moringa leaf extract (MLE) were soil supplied after developing salinity stress (120 mM with irrigation) at germination stage. Predetermined levels were selected for PGPs such as AsA (500 µM), MLE (3%), and TU (250 µM). Results revealed that all yield related attributes were significantly decreased, while secondary metabolites, pericarp epidermis, pericarp parenchyma, and pericarp seed integument increased under salinity stress. Data suggested that PGPs treatment was helpful to alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity stress and enhance the milk thistle quality and quantity parameters. The ecotypic variations with altered achene color patterns represent an advantage for QTA ecotypes for higher Sily extraction under salt stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Shah
- Department of Agroecology, Universite de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, Srinagar, India.
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10
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Marzban M, Farahani F, Atyabi SM, Noormohammadi Z. Induced genetic and chemical changes in medicinally important plant Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don: cold plasma and phytohormones. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:31-38. [PMID: 34773551 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06789-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Donis a medicinal plant species belonging to the Apocynaceae family, which produces vinblastine and vincristine along with 100 other monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. The process of biosynthesis of C. roseus alkaloids is complex, in which many genes, enzymes, and regulators are involved. Induced mutations may be considered as a potential source for producing a higher amount of vinblastine and vincristine in this plant species. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to examine the effects of different treatments utilized on the induced genetic changes in C. roseus plants and enzyme activities. METHODS AND RESULTS Spermine, jasmonic acid, methyjasmonate, putrescine, and cold plasma treatments were used for seed treatments. Different molecular markers, namely inter simple sequence repeat, inter retrotransposon amplified polymorphism, and retrotransposon microsatellite amplified polymorphism were employed to reveal the induced genetic changes. Antioxidant enzyme activities were also studied. The treated plants showed genetic variability and a significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activity compared to the control plants. The putrescine treatment resulted in the highest level of activity in superoxidase. A significant positive correlation occurred between the molecular markers data and antioxidant enzyme activities in treated plants. CONCLUSION Our data revealed that the different phytohormones and cold plasma treatments could induce both genetic and chemical content changes in C. roseus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Marzban
- Biology Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Farah Farahani
- Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Atyabi
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Zahra Noormohammadi
- Biology Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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11
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Ammarellou A, Mozaffarian V. The first report of iron-rich population of adapted medicinal spinach (Blitum virgatum L.) compared with cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:22169. [PMID: 34772968 PMCID: PMC8590047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Folk medicine such as herbal and natural products have been used for centuries in every culture throughout the world. The Chenopodiaceae family with more than 1500 species is dispersed worldwide. The Iranian wild spinach (Blitum virgatum L.) is an important traditional medicinal plant used for antiviral diseases such as pneumonia and other respiratory track infections. This plant is a mountainous herb and is growing upper than 3000 m. We performed a mass selection plant breeding program on wild populations of this Iranian wild spinach during 2013-2020. Based on experimental and field characteristics this plant was identified as B. virgatum, |abbaricum|, and related characteristics were prepared with reference to the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). Mass selection program resulted from an adapted population named as medicinal spinach (MSP) population. To compare the mineral content of the mass-selected population with cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. |Varamin 88|), both plants were planted in pots and fields under similar conditions. In five leaves stage, plant samples were taken from both leaf and crown sections and used for experimental analysis. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the mineral content including iron (Fe), zinc (Z), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu). Our results showed the selected medicinal spinach population (MSP) with about 509 ppm iron was an important iron-rich population with about 3.5-4 times more than the amount of iron in cultivated spinach in the same conditions. Because iron is an important essential element for blood production, respiration process, energy metabolisms, synthesis of collagen, and some neurotransmitters are needed for proper immune function, so the supply of absorbable adequate iron is very important. The reasons such as the prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic, which affects the amount of exchangeable oxygen in the lungs and historical local evidences of the use of this plant (MSP) for pneumonia, could open new horizons for focusing on studies related to the use of ancestral human experiences in addition to scientifically modern research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ammarellou
- Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
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Devi J, Kaur E, Swarnkar MK, Acharya V, Bhushan S. De novo transcriptome analysis provides insights into formation of in vitro adventitious root from leaf explants of Arnebia euchroma. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:414. [PMID: 34503445 PMCID: PMC8427917 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adventitious root formation is considered a major developmental step during the propagation of difficult to root plants, especially in horticultural crops. Recently, adventitious roots induced through plant tissue culture methods have also been used for production of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, anthocyanins and anthraquinones. It is rather well understood which horticultural species will easily form adventitious roots, but the factors affecting this process at molecular level or regulating the induction process in in vitro conditions are far less known. The present study was conducted to identify transcripts involved in in vitro induction and formation of adventitious roots using Arnebia euchroma leaves at different time points (intact leaf (control), 3 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d, 10 d and 15 d). A. euchroma is an endangered medicinal Himalayan herb whose root contains red naphthoquinone pigments. These phytoconstituents are widely used as an herbal ingredient in Asian traditional medicine as well as natural colouring agent in food and cosmetics. RESULTS A total of 137.93 to 293.76 million raw reads were generated and assembled to 54,587 transcripts with average length of 1512.27 bps and N50 of 2193 bps, respectively. In addition, 50,107 differentially expressed genes were identified and found to be involved in plant hormone signal transduction, cell wall modification and wound induced mitogen activated protein kinase signalling. The data exhibited dominance of auxin responsive (AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR8, IAA13, GRETCHEN HAGEN3.1) and sucrose translocation (BETA-31 FRUCTOFURANOSIDASE and MONOSACCHARIDE-SENSING protein1) genes during induction phase. In the initiation phase, the expression of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN16, EXPANSIN-B15, ENDOGLUCANASE25 and LEUCINE-rich repeat EXTENSION-like proteins was increased. During the expression phase, the same transcripts, with exception of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN16 were identified. Overall, the transcriptomic analysis revealed a similar patterns of genes, however, their expression level varied in subsequent phases of in vitro adventitious root formation in A. euchroma. CONCLUSION The results presented here will be helpful in understanding key regulators of in vitro adventitious root development in Arnebia species, which may be deployed in the future for phytochemical production at a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Devi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur,, H.P.-176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-, 201002, India
| | - Ekjot Kaur
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur,, H.P.-176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-, 201002, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Swarnkar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur,, H.P.-176061, India
| | - Vishal Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur,, H.P.-176061, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-, 201002, India.
| | - Shashi Bhushan
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur,, H.P.-176061, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-, 201002, India.
- Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur,, H.P.-176061, India.
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Ye HT, Luo SQ, Yang ZN, Wang YS, Ding Q, Wang KF, Yang SX, Wang Y. Endophytic fungi stimulate the concentration of medicinal secondary metabolites in houttuynia cordata thunb. Plant Signal Behav 2021; 16:1929731. [PMID: 34092178 PMCID: PMC8280886 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1929731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi usually establish a symbiotic relationship with the host plant and affect its growth. In order to evaluate the impact of endophytic fungi on the Chinese herbal medicinal plant Houttuynia cordata Thunb., three endophytes isolated from the rhizomes of H. cordata, namely Ilyonectria liriodendra (IL), unidentified fungal sp. (UF), and Penicillium citrinum (PC), were co-cultured individually with H. cordata in sterile soil for 60 days. Analysis of the results showed that the endophytes stimulated the host plant in different ways: IL increased the growth of rhizomes and the accumulation of most of the phenolics and volatiles, UF promoted the accumulation of the medicinal compounds afzelin, decanal, 2-undecanone, and borneol without influencing host plant growth, and PC increased the fresh weight, total leaf area and height of the plants, as well as the growth of the rhizomes, but had only a small effect on the concentration of major secondary metabolites. Our results proved that the endophytic fungi had potential practical value in terms of the production of Chinese herbal medicines, having the ability to improve the yield and accumulation of medicinal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Ye
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - Shi-Qiong Luo
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - Zhan-Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
- CONTACT Zhan-Nan Yang Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - Yuan-Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - Kai-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - Shun-Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
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Qin L, Hu Y, Wang J, Wang X, Zhao R, Shan H, Li K, Xu P, Wu H, Yan X, Liu L, Yi X, Wanke S, Bowers JE, Leebens-Mack JH, dePamphilis CW, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Kong H, Jiao Y. Insights into angiosperm evolution, floral development and chemical biosynthesis from the Aristolochia fimbriata genome. Nat Plants 2021; 7:1239-1253. [PMID: 34475528 PMCID: PMC8445822 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochia, a genus in the magnoliid order Piperales, has been famous for centuries for its highly specialized flowers and wide medicinal applications. Here, we present a new, high-quality genome sequence of Aristolochia fimbriata, a species that, similar to Amborella trichopoda, lacks further whole-genome duplications since the origin of extant angiosperms. As such, the A. fimbriata genome is an excellent reference for inferences of angiosperm genome evolution, enabling detection of two novel whole-genome duplications in Piperales and dating of previously reported whole-genome duplications in other magnoliids. Genomic comparisons between A. fimbriata and other angiosperms facilitated the identification of ancient genomic rearrangements suggesting the placement of magnoliids as sister to monocots, whereas phylogenetic inferences based on sequence data we compiled yielded ambiguous relationships. By identifying associated homologues and investigating their evolutionary histories and expression patterns, we revealed highly conserved floral developmental genes and their distinct downstream regulatory network that may contribute to the complex flower morphology in A. fimbriata. Finally, we elucidated the genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of terpenoids and aristolochic acids in A. fimbriata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lumei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Stefan Wanke
- Institute of Botany, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - John E Bowers
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Claude W dePamphilis
- Department of Biology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hongzhi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuannian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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15
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Yang Q, Li J, Ma W, Zhang S, Hou S, Wang Z, Li X, Gao W, Rengel Z, Chen Q, Cui X. Melatonin increases leaf disease resistance and saponin biosynthesis in Panax notogiseng. J Plant Physiol 2021; 263:153466. [PMID: 34216845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Bruk.) FH Chen is a valuable traditional herb in China, with saponins being the main medicinal components in its roots. However, leaf diseases are a major factor limiting growth and production of P. notoginseng. Melatonin is a ubiquitous signaling molecule associated with abiotic stress resistance. In this study, we investigated the role of melatonin in leaf disease resistance of P. notoginseng in field conditions. Additionally, saponin concentrations were analyzed to evaluate the suitability of melatonin use in agricultural practice. Our results showed that exogenous application of melatonin promoted the endogenous phytomelatonin accumulation via upregulation of genes involved in its biosynthesis. The application of 10 μM melatonin decreased the incidence of leaf diseases (gray mold, round spot, and black spot) by about 40% compared with the solvent control, which might have been due to the increased expression of genes associated with immunity and disease resistance. Furthermore, concentrations of saponins and expression of their biosynthesis-related genes were significantly increased by melatonin. Taken together, the data presented here suggested that melatonin could be used in agricultural management of P. notoginseng because it increased leaf disease resistance and biosynthesis of saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng in Yunnan Province, Panax notoginseng Research Institute in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng in Yunnan Province, Panax notoginseng Research Institute in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenna Ma
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng in Yunnan Province, Panax notoginseng Research Institute in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng in Yunnan Province, Panax notoginseng Research Institute in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Suying Hou
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng in Yunnan Province, Panax notoginseng Research Institute in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng in Yunnan Province, Panax notoginseng Research Institute in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Analytic & Testing Research Center of Yunnan, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia; Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia
| | - Qi Chen
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng in Yunnan Province, Panax notoginseng Research Institute in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng in Yunnan Province, Panax notoginseng Research Institute in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Zhang F, Li Z, Zhou J, Gu Y, Tan X. Comparative study on fruit development and oil synthesis in two cultivars of Camellia oleifera. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:348. [PMID: 34301189 PMCID: PMC8299657 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oil-tea tree (Camellia oleifera Abel.) is a woody tree species that produces edible oil in the seed. C. oleifera oil has high nutritional value and is also an important raw material for medicine and cosmetics. In China, due to the uncertainty on maturity period and oil synthesis mechanism of many C. oleifera cultivars, growers may harvest fruits prematurely, which could not maximize fruit and oil yields. In this study, our objective was to explore the mechanism and differences of oil synthesis between two Camellia oleifera cultivars for a precise definition of the fruit ripening period and the selection of appropriate cultivars. RESULTS The results showed that 'Huashuo' had smaller fruits and seeds, lower dry seed weight and lower expression levels of fatty acid biosynthesis genes in July. We could not detect the presence of oil and oil bodies in 'Huashuo' seeds until August, and oil and oil bodies were detected in 'Huajin' seeds in July. Moreover, 'Huashuo' seeds were not completely blackened in October with up to 60.38% of water and approximately 37.98% of oil in seed kernels whose oil content was much lower than normal mature seed kernels. The oil bodies in seed endosperm cells of 'Huajin' were always higher than those of 'Huashuo' from July to October. CONCLUSION Our results confirmed that C. oleifera 'Huashuo' fruits matured at a lower rate compared to 'Huajin' fruits and that 'Huajin' seeds entered the oil synthesis period earlier than 'Huashuo' seeds. Moreover, 'Huashuo' fruits did not mature during the Frost's Descent period (October 23-24 each year).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan China
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
| | - Ze Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forestry Industry of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan China
| | - Junqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forestry Industry of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan China
| | - Yiyang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forestry Industry of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan China
| | - Xiaofeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forestry Industry of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan China
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Chen H, Qi Y, He X, Xu L, Zhang W, Lv X, Zhang H, Yang D, Zhu Y, Liang Z. Endophytic fungus Mucor circinelloides DF20 promote tanshinone biosynthesis and accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza root. Plant Sci 2021; 307:110898. [PMID: 33902857 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza rhizome is mainly used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Symbiosis of endophytic fungi with their host plants, is an effectively regulatory means to promote the growth and secondary metabolism of medicinal plants. Here, an endophytic fungus Mucor circinelloides DF20 was co-cultivated with the sterile seedlings of S. miltiorrhiza, to clarify the promoting mechanism on tanshinone biosynthesis and accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza root. The assay of promoting-growth activities in vitro showed that DF20 have the ability to produce IAA and siderophores. DF20 could significantly promote the biosynthesis and accumulation of tanshinones in the root of S. miltiorrhiza, especially the content of tanshinone ⅡA, reaching 4.630 ± 0.342 mg/g after 56 days of DF20 treatment, which is 22-fold of the control group. The result also showed that the hyphae of M. circunelloides DF20 mainly colonized in the root tissue interspace of S. miltiorrhiza, and a small amount of hyphae were located inside the cells. The results of florescent real-time quantitative RT-PCR showed that DF20 colonization significantly increase the expression level of some key enzyme genes (DXS, DXR, HMGR, GGPPS) in tanshinone biosynthesis pathway, but the regulatory effect mainly occurred in the early stage of co-culture, while the expression level decreased in different degrees in the later stage. In conclusion, the endophytic fungus M. circunelloides DF20 can form an interaction relationship with its host, then to promote the biosynthesis and accumulation of tanshinones in root by upregulating the key enzyme genes expression levels of the biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Xiaoyi He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Linna Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Xiaoman Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
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Heinrich M, Mah J, Amirkia V. Alkaloids Used as Medicines: Structural Phytochemistry Meets Biodiversity-An Update and Forward Look. Molecules 2021; 26:1836. [PMID: 33805869 PMCID: PMC8036335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selecting candidates for drug developments using computational design and empirical rules has resulted in a broad discussion about their success. In a previous study, we had shown that a species' abundance [as expressed by the GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility)] dataset is a core determinant for the development of a natural product into a medicine. Our overarching aim is to understand the unique requirements for natural product-based drug development. Web of Science was queried for research on alkaloids in combination with plant systematics/taxonomy. All alkaloids containing species demonstrated an average increase of 8.66 in GBIF occurrences between 2014 and 2020. Medicinal Species with alkaloids show higher abundance compared to non-medicinal alkaloids, often linked also to cultivation. Alkaloids with high biodiversity are often simple alkaloids found in multiple species with the presence of 'driver species' and are more likely to be included in early-stage drug development compared to 'rare' alkaloids. Similarly, the success of an alkaloid containing species as a food supplement ('botanical') is linked to its abundance. GBIF is a useful tool for assessing the druggability of a compound from a certain source species. The success of any development programme from natural sources must take sustainable sourcing into account right from the start.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heinrich
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK; (J.M.); (V.A.)
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, and Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey Mah
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK; (J.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Vafa Amirkia
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK; (J.M.); (V.A.)
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Abstract
Medicinal plants are still the major source of therapies for several illnesses and only part of the herbal products originates from cultivated biomass. Wild harvests represent the major supply for therapies, and such practices threaten species diversity as well as the quality and safety of the final products. This work intends to show the relevance of developing medicinal plants into crops and the use of micropropagation as technique to mass produce high-demand biomass, thus solving the supply issues of therapeutic natural substances. Herein, the review includes examples of in vitro procedures and their role in the crop development of pharmaceuticals, phytomedicinals, and functional foods. Additionally, it describes the production of high-yielding genotypes, uniform clones from highly heterozygous plants, and the identification of elite phenotypes using bioassays as a selection tool. Finally, we explore the significance of micropropagation techniques for the following: a) pharmaceutical crops for production of small therapeutic molecules (STM), b) phytomedicinal crops for production of standardized therapeutic natural products, and c) the micropropagation of plants for the production of large therapeutic molecules (LTM) including fructooligosaccharides classified as prebiotic and functional food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita M. Moraes
- Santa Martha Agro Ltd.a, Rodovia Prefeito Antonio Duarte Nogueira, Km 317, Contorno Sul, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.032-800, Brazil;
- Fundação Fernando E. Lee, Av. Atlântica 900, Balneário, Guarujá, SP 114420-070, Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz Cerdeira
- Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rodovia SP-340, Km 127,5, Tanquinho Velho, Jaguariúna, SP 13918-110, Brazil;
| | - Miriam V. Lourenço
- Santa Martha Agro Ltd.a, Rodovia Prefeito Antonio Duarte Nogueira, Km 317, Contorno Sul, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.032-800, Brazil;
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Kefelegn GA, Desta B. Ximenia americana: Economic Importance, Medicinal Value, and Current Status in Ethiopia. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:8880021. [PMID: 33746636 PMCID: PMC7960047 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8880021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ximenia americana is one of the most valuable wild edible plants in the world. In different countries, it is utilized as food, medicine, an essential oil source, and the industrial component to other products. In Ethiopia, it was one of the most known and very important plants for a long period of time. It was utilized as food, a medicinal plant, and animal feed. It was also one of the most economically important and culturally valuable plants. But nowadays, it is not adequately available in the country due to deforestation problem in the years. In addition, its economic importance, current status, and medicinal roles are not well documented and understood. As for research studies, it is concluded that unless a collective effort is taken, the existence of this plant is under severe threat and needs to have some measures. This review article is aimed at addressing the abovelined topics in detail and to pinpoint and explain the importance and status of Ximenia americana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Amare Kefelegn
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box: 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Bizuayehu Desta
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box: 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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21
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Zhang M, Wang C, Zhang R, Chen Y, Zhang C, Heidi H, Li M. Comparison of the guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices in herbal medicine of the European Union, China, the WHO, and the United States of America. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105533. [PMID: 33677104 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Owing to modern developments in the traditional medicine industry, more people now acknowledge the efficacy of traditional medicine. As the demand for herbal medicines gradually increases, the focus of the industry will shift to how to increase production while maintaining the high quality of raw materials and final products to promote the international trade in herbal medicines. In the long history of herbal medicine, many countries and regions have formulated relevant standards to regulate the cultivation of local herbs to ensure the safety and reliability of the products. Due to cultural and historical differences, the policies for formulating herbal cultivation standards vary greatly between regions, which hinders the international trade of herbal medicines. This paper collates the guidelines of good agricultural and collection practices of the European Union, China, World Health Organization and the United States, and makes a comprehensive comparison of its contents such as production environments, production area suitability, air, soil, and water standard regulations, inter alia. This article aims to explore the differences in good agriculture and collection practice in herbal medicine in various regions and provides a reference for the development of international guidelines for herbal quality management, which will aid with the development of herbal medicine quality standardization globally and exchange services in the trade of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Zhang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Heuberger Heidi
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Minhui Li
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resourceology of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
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22
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Ghassemi-Golezani K, Abdoli S. Improving ATPase and PPase activities, nutrient uptake and growth of salt stressed ajowan plants by salicylic acid and iron-oxide nanoparticles. Plant Cell Rep 2021; 40:559-573. [PMID: 33403499 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid and iron-oxide nanoparticles alleviated salt toxicity and improved plant growth by stimulating the activities of H+-ATPase and H+-PPase and preventing nutrient imbalance. Two factorial experiments were undertaken in a greenhouse during 2018 and 2019, to evaluate the impacts of SA (1 mM) and nano-Fe2O3 (3 mM) sprays at 7 leaves and flowering stages on vacuolar H+-pumps, growth and essential oil of salt-subjected (0, 4, 8 and 12 dS m-1 NaCl) ajowan plants. Measurements of plant traits were started at about 12 days after the last foliar spray and continued up to maturity. The H+-ATPase and H+-PPase activities and root ATP content were enhanced under low salinity, but higher salinities reduced these parameters. Rising salinity enhanced Na uptake and translocation, endogenous SA and DPPH activity, while reduced K+/Na+ ratio and nutrients uptake, leading to a reduction in plant biomass. Treatment with SA, nano-Fe2O3 and their combination improved H+-pumps activities and ATP content in roots and leaves. The SA-related treatments caused the highest activities of H+-pumps in roots, but Fe-related treatments resulted in the highest activities of these pumps in leaves. Increasing H+-pumps activities reduced sodium uptake and translocation and enhanced nutrients uptake. Foliar treatments, especially SA + nano-Fe2O3 augmented endogenous SA, DPPH activity, and plant growth in salt-stressed plants. Essential oil contents of vegetative and inflorescence organs under severe salinity and seeds under moderate and severe salinities were enhanced. Maximum essential oil was obtained from seeds of SA + nano-Fe2O3-treated plants, which was strongly correlated with endogenous SA and DPPH. Nevertheless, the SA + nano-Fe2O3 was the best treatment for diminishing salt toxicity and improving ajowan plant growth and essential oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Ghassemi-Golezani
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Soheila Abdoli
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Xiong F, Nie X, Yang L, Wang L, Li J, Zhou G. Non-target metabolomics revealed the differences between Rh. tanguticum plants growing under canopy and open habitats. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:119. [PMID: 33639841 PMCID: PMC7913229 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheum tanguticum (Rh. tanguticum) is an important traditional Chinese medicine plant, "Dahuang", which contains productive metabolites and occupies wide habitats on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Plants occupying wide habitats usually vary in phenotypes such as in morphology and metabolism, thereby developing into different ecotypes. Under canopy and open habitats are a pair of dissimilar habitats which possess Rh. tanguticum plants. However, few studies have focused on the effect of habitats on Rh. tanguticum growth, particularly combining morphological and metabolic changes. This study focused on Rh. tanguticum plants growing in under canopy and open habitats where morphology and metabolism changes were quantified using non-target metabolism methods. RESULTS The obtained results indicated that the two dissimilar habitats led to Rh. tanguticum developing into two distinct ecotypes where the morphology and metabolism were simultaneously changed. Under canopy habitats bred morphologically smaller Rh. tanguticum plants which had a higher level of metabolites (22 out of 31) which included five flavonoids, four isoflavonoids, and three anthracenes. On the other hand, the open habitats produced morphologically larger Rh. tanguticum plants having a higher level of metabolites (9 out of 31) including four flavonoids. 6 of the 31 metabolites were predicted to have effect targets, include 4 represent for under canopy habitats and 2 for open habitats. Totally, 208 targets were connected, among which 42 were communal targets for both under canopy and open habitats represent compounds, and 100 and 66 were unique targets for under canopy superior compounds and open habitats superior compounds, respectively. In addition, aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, sennoside A and sennoside B were all more accumulated in under canopy habitats, and among which aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion were significantly higher in under canopy habitats. CONCLUSIONS This study determined that Rh. tanguticum growing in under canopy and in open habitats developed into two distinct ecotypes with morphological and metabolic differences. Results of network pharmacology study has indicated that "Dahuang" coming from different habitats, such as under canopy and open habitats, are different in effect targets and thus may have different medicinal use. According to target metabolomics, under canopy habitats may grow better "Dahuang".
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiuqing Nie
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Research Institute of Nature Protected Area Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lucun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, China.
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Chen L, Guo Q, Zhu Z, Wan H, Qin Y, Zhang H. Integrated analyses of the transcriptome and small RNA of the hemiparasitic plant Monochasma savatieri before and after establishment of parasite-host association. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:90. [PMID: 33568062 PMCID: PMC7877053 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monochasma savatieri is a medicinal root hemiparasitic herb that extracts water and nutrients from the host plant via a haustorium. M. savatieri exhibits an enhanced growth after the establishment of parasite-host associations, but little is known about the molecular mechanism responsible. In this study, endogenous hormones, RNA sequencing and small RNA sequencing analysis were performed on M. savatieri before and after establishment of parasite-host associations. RESULTS When grown with the host, decreased contents of jasmonic acid (JA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and increased abscisic acid (ABA) content were observed in M. savatieri with the established parasitic relationship. When grown with the host, 46,424 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 162 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) were identified in the comparison between M. savatieri with the established parasitic relationship and without the established parasitic relationship. Analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that these DEGs and targets of DEmiRs mostly participated in plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, cell growth and death, and transport and catabolism. Furthermore, correlation analysis of mRNA and miRNA revealed that 10 miRNA-target pairs from novel_mir65, novel_mir40, novel_mir80, miR397-5p_1, novel_mir36, novel_mir25 and novel_mir17 may have important roles in regulating the parasitic development of M. savatieri. CONCLUSIONS Our study not only expands the understanding of enhanced growth in M. savatieri after the establishment of parasite-host associations, but also first provides abundant resources for future molecular and genetic studies in M. savatieri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qiaosheng Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zaibiao Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Hefang Wan
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuhao Qin
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Hu J, Huang W, Zhang F, Luo X, Chen Y, Xie J. Variability of Volatile Compounds in the Medicinal Plant Dendrobium officinale from Different Regions. Molecules 2020; 25:E5046. [PMID: 33143136 PMCID: PMC7663752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo, a rare and traditional medicinal plant, contains many nutrients such as polysaccharides, alkaloids, amino acids and so on. Different growth environment and intraspecific hybridization of different germplasm resources lead to large differences in the yield, quality and medicinal value of D. officinale. Here, the volatile compounds of D. officinale from four producing regions (Zhejiang, Fujian, Yunnan and Jiangxi) were analyzed to provide a certain reference value for the selection of a specific medicinal component in D. officinale breeding. Fresh stems of D. officinale germplasm resources were collected, and the chemical constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 101 volatile compounds were identified, of which esters and alcohols accounted for 23 and 22. Hexacosane is the highest relative content of all volatile components. The highest content of hexacosane was observed in YA1 from Yunnan was 34.41%, and the lowest (23.41%) in JA1 from Jiangxi. Moreover, 5-10 unique substances were determined in different regions. A total of 17 medicinal components were detected, and three unique medicinal components were detected only in YA1, revealing that YA1 can provide raw materials for the application of specific medicinal substances extraction. A total of four toxic components were detected, but no toxic components were detected in JA1 from Jiangxi, suggested that the germplasm resources from Jiangxi could be exploited efficiently for breeding superior D. officinale specimens. The results provide a theoretical basis for the collection, protection and utilization of D. officinale germplasm resources in different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China; (J.H.); (W.H.); (F.Z.); (X.L.)
- Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxue Huang
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China; (J.H.); (W.H.); (F.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Fantao Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China; (J.H.); (W.H.); (F.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiangdong Luo
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China; (J.H.); (W.H.); (F.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Yaling Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China; (J.H.); (W.H.); (F.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Jiankun Xie
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China; (J.H.); (W.H.); (F.Z.); (X.L.)
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Bond MO, Gaoue OG. Prestige and homophily predict network structure for social learning of medicinal plant knowledge. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239345. [PMID: 33031437 PMCID: PMC7544085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human subsistence societies have thrived in environmental extremes while maintaining biodiversity through social learning of ecological knowledge, such as techniques to prepare food and medicine from local resources. However, there is limited understanding of which processes shape social learning patterns and configuration in ecological knowledge networks, or how these processes apply to resource management and biological conservation. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the prestige (rarity or exclusivity) of knowledge shapes social learning networks. In addition, we test whether people tend to select who to learn from based on prestige (knowledge or reputation), and homophily (e.g., people of the same age or gender). We used interviews to assess five types of medicinal plant knowledge and how 303 people share this knowledge across four villages in Solomon Islands. We developed exponential random graph models (ERGMs) to test whether hypothesized patterns of knowledge sharing based on prestige and homophily are more common in the observed network than in randomly simulated networks of the same size. We found that prestige predicts five hypothesized network configurations and all three hypothesized learning patterns, while homophily predicts one of three hypothesized network configurations and five of the seven hypothesized learning patterns. These results compare the strength of different prestige and homophily effects on social learning and show how cultural practices such as intermarriage can affect certain aspects of prestige and homophily. By advancing our understanding of how prestige and homophily affect ecological knowledge networks, we identify which social learning patterns have the largest effects on biocultural conservation of ecological knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O. Bond
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, United States of America
| | - Orou G. Gaoue
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Liu XM, Cheng SY, Ye JB, Chen ZX, Liao YL, Zhang WW, Kim SU, Xu F. Screening and identification of miRNAs related to sexual differentiation of strobili in Ginkgo biloba by integration analysis of small RNA, RNA, and degradome sequencing. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:387. [PMID: 32842951 PMCID: PMC7446137 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginkgo biloba, a typical dioecious plant, is a traditional medicinal plant widely planted. However, it has a long juvenile period, which severely affected the breeding and cultivation of superior ginkgo varieties. RESULTS In order to clarify the complex mechanism of sexual differentiation in G. biloba strobili. Here, a total of 3293 miRNAs were identified in buds and strobili of G. biloba, including 1085 known miRNAs and 2208 novel miRNAs using the three sequencing approaches of transcriptome, small RNA, and degradome. Comparative transcriptome analysis screened 4346 and 7087 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in male buds (MB) _vs_ female buds (FB) and microstrobilus (MS) _vs_ ovulate strobilus (OS), respectively. A total of 6032 target genes were predicted for differentially expressed miRNA. The combined analysis of both small RNA and transcriptome datasets identified 51 miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs that may be involved in the process of G. biloba strobili sexual differentiation, of which 15 pairs were verified in the analysis of degradome sequencing. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive analysis of the small RNA, RNA and degradome sequencing data in this study provided candidate genes and clarified the regulatory mechanism of sexual differentiation of G. biloba strobili from multiple perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Shui-Yuan Cheng
- National R&D for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023 Hubei China
- National Selenium Rich Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Enshi, 445000 Hubei China
| | - Jia-Bao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Ze-Xiong Chen
- Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences 402160, ChongQing, China
| | - Yong-Ling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Soo-Un Kim
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
- National R&D for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023 Hubei China
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Dugé de Bernonville T, Maury S, Delaunay A, Daviaud C, Chaparro C, Tost J, O’Connor SE, Courdavault V. Developmental Methylome of the Medicinal Plant Catharanthus roseus Unravels the Tissue-Specific Control of the Monoterpene Indole Alkaloid Pathway by DNA Methylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6028. [PMID: 32825765 PMCID: PMC7503379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus produces a wide spectrum of monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs). MIA biosynthesis requires a tightly coordinated pathway involving more than 30 enzymatic steps that are spatio-temporally and environmentally regulated so that some MIAs specifically accumulate in restricted plant parts. The first regulatory layer involves a complex network of transcription factors from the basic Helix Loop Helix (bHLH) or AP2 families. In the present manuscript, we investigated whether an additional epigenetic layer could control the organ-, developmental- and environmental-specificity of MIA accumulation. We used Whole-Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) together with RNA-seq to identify differentially methylated and expressed genes among nine samples reflecting different plant organs and experimental conditions. Tissue specific gene expression was associated with specific methylation signatures depending on cytosine contexts and gene parts. Some genes encoding key enzymatic steps from the MIA pathway were found to be simultaneously differentially expressed and methylated in agreement with the corresponding MIA accumulation. In addition, we found that transcription factors were strikingly concerned by DNA methylation variations. Altogether, our integrative analysis supports an epigenetic regulation of specialized metabolisms in plants and more likely targeting transcription factors which in turn may control the expression of enzyme-encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France;
| | - Stéphane Maury
- INRA, EA1207 USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, F-45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Alain Delaunay
- INRA, EA1207 USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, F-45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Christian Daviaud
- Laboratoire Epigénétique et Environnement, LEE, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, F-92265 Evry, France; (C.D.); (J.T.)
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- CNRS, IFREMER, UMR5244 Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnments, Université de Montpellier, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France;
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratoire Epigénétique et Environnement, LEE, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, F-92265 Evry, France; (C.D.); (J.T.)
| | - Sarah Ellen O’Connor
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France;
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Yang M, Li Z, Liu L, Bo A, Zhang C, Li M. Ecological niche modeling of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus medicinal plants in Inner Mongolia, China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12482. [PMID: 32719330 PMCID: PMC7385632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radix Astragali is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, and its quality is closely related to ecological factors, such as climate and soil, in the production area. To provide high-quality Radix Astragali to Chinese and foreign markets, we used maximum entropy model and statistical analysis method, combined with data on ecological factors, Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus geographical distribution, and index component content to predict the ecological suitability distribution of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and establish the relationship between astragaloside IV and calycosin-7-glucoside in this species and ecological factors. Subsequently, we could determine the suitability regionalization of high-quality A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in Inner Mongolia, China. The results showed that the standard deviation of seasonal changes in temperature (40.6%), precipitation in October (15.7%), vegetation type (14.3%), soil type (9.2%), and mean sunshine duration in the growing season (9.1%) were the top five most influential factors out of the 17 main ecological factors affecting the distribution of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus. The standard deviation of seasonal changes in temperature, precipitation in October, precipitation in April, soil pH, and mean sunshine duration in the growing season were found to be the key ecological factors affecting the accumulation of astragaloside IV and calycosin-7-glucoside in A. membranaceus var. mongholicus. The regions with the highest-quality A. membranaceus var. mongholicus were distributed in Baotou (Guyang County), Hohhot (Wuchuan County), and central Wulanchabu (Chahar Right Middle Banner, Chahar Right Back Banner, and Shangdu County) and its surroundings in Inner Mongolia. Baotou, Hohhot, and their surrounding areas were the main traditional production areas of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, and central Wulanchabu was a potentially suitable distribution area of this species. The main production areas were consistent with the actual production base of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus. This study therefore provides a scientific basis to guide the cultivation of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014060, China
| | - Ziyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014060, China
| | - Lanbo Liu
- Baotou Meteorological Bureau of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Baotou, 014030, China
| | - Agula Bo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014060, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014060, China.
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Materials Resource, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014060, China.
| | - Minhui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014060, China.
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010020, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014060, China.
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Hailu A, Sbhatu DB, Abraha HB. In Vitro Micropropagation of Industrially and Medicinally Useful Plant Aloe trichosantha Berger Using Offshoot Cuttings. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:3947162. [PMID: 32724302 PMCID: PMC7381991 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3947162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to develop in vitro micropropagation protocol of Aloe trichosantha Berger using offshoots as explants. MS media supplemented with plant growth regulators helped explants develop shoots within about 14 to 17 days. The mean number of days to shooting has decreased from 16.8 ± 0.8 with 0.5/0.5 mg/L BAP/NAA supplement to 15.5 ± 0.5 with 2.0/0.5 mg/L BAP/NAA. While the mean shoot number has increased with increasing the concentration of BAP supplements, the reverse was true with mean shoot lengths, whereas supplement of 2.0/0.5 mg/L BAP/NAA has generated significantly more shoots (17 ± 3.8), and longer shoots were produced with the addition of 0.5/0.5 and 1.0/0.5 mg/L BAP/NAA. In regard to rooting, though higher concentrations of NAA have resulted in quick rooting, the rooting performance in terms of mean number and length of roots was better with low concentrations. All the plantlets subjected to greenhouse acclimatization in cocopeat have survived. Secondary acclimatization in composted and manured soil media has also resulted in 93 to 95% survival rate. Lighting conditions (nursery shade or direct sunlight) of secondary acclimatization did not lead to any difference in the survival rate of the plantlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsbeha Hailu
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Desta Berhe Sbhatu
- Mekelle Institute of Technology, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1632, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Haftom Baraki Abraha
- Mekelle Institute of Technology, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1632, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Papageorgiou D, Bebeli PJ, Panitsa M, Schunko C. Local knowledge about sustainable harvesting and availability of wild medicinal plant species in Lemnos island, Greece. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2020; 16:36. [PMID: 32560660 PMCID: PMC7304145 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-00390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Europe and the Mediterranean, over-exploitation and destructive harvesting techniques have been identified as two critical threats affecting the sustainable harvesting of wild medicinal plant (WMP) species. However, unsustainable harvesting is not an issue everywhere and localized assessments are needed. Local knowledge has been praised for its potential for local short-term assessments. In this study, we aimed to register the known, harvested, and locally utilized WMP species and understand local knowledge of harvesters about the ecological sustainability of WMP harvesting and the perceived changes of WMP availability. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on Lemnos island, Greece, in July and August 2018. Sixteen harvesters knowledgeable about gathering and using WMP were chosen through purposeful and snowball sampling. Successive free-lists provided insights on the taxa known, harvested, and utilized by harvesters and subsequent semi-structured interviews served to understand harvesting practices and perceived changes of WMP availability. Participant observation during seven harvesting walks allowed for additional insights and facilitated the collection of voucher specimens. RESULTS In total, 144 different plant taxa were listed as useful and 81 had been harvested in the prior 4 years. Medicinal applications were mainly related to digestive and respiratory system issues. A number of favorable harvesting practices suggested a high potential towards an ecologically sustainable harvest. Although, a decreased availability for certain plant taxa and harvesting sites was reported and mainly attributed to external factors such as pollution, unusually dry weather, intentional pastureland burning or chemicals in agriculture, but also destructive harvesting by less knowledgeable harvesters. CONCLUSIONS Knowledgeable harvesters of Lemnos gather and use a considerable number of WMP taxa and possess local knowledge that supports an ecologically sustainable harvest. However, certain plant taxa and areas of the island were indicated to be under pressure from harvesting, unusual climatic conditions, and agricultural practices. Our approach confirmed that local knowledge should be taken into account for assessing the sustainability of WMP harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Papageorgiou
- Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Penelope J Bebeli
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Panitsa
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Christoph Schunko
- Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
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Kumar SS, Arya M, Mahadevappa P, Giridhar P. Influence of photoperiod on growth, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in callus cultures of Basella rubra L. J Photochem Photobiol B 2020; 209:111937. [PMID: 32570057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Basella rubra L. is an important green leafy vegetable vine and is known for its health benefits in traditional medicine. Light is a basic physical factor essential to the development and bioactive secondary metabolite production in in vitro callus cultures. The present study researched the impact of different photoperiods on biomass, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity in callus cultures of B. rubra. The in vitro seedling based cotyledonary leaf explants responded differently, when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with varying concentrations and combination of auxins and cytokinins. The best callus proliferation was found in MS medium with 0.1 mg.L-1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6 mg.L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), with greenish callus inception by about 2 weeks. The growth curve recorded for 6 weeks of culturing revealed that the photoperiod effect was found to be pivotal for acquiring biomass. At the fifth week, the continuous light supported maximum biomass (12.42 g) production followed by the 16:8 h photoperiod (9.02 g) and continuous darkness (4.28 g). The 80% ethanol extract of 1-week-old callus that grows under the 16:8 h photoperiod showed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) (74 mg.100 g-1 fresh weight, FW) when compared to all other extracts at different stages. The ferric reducing antioxidant power assay showed the highest (336.23 mg.100 g-1 FW) activity in methanol extractions of first-week callus cultures maintained in the continuous light condition. HPLC-UV identification and quantification of individual phenolics and flavonoids, such as gallic, trans-cinnamic, quercetin, protocatechuic and rutin, were highest in the callus cultures. The outcome of this study is significant to this plant, as B. rubra is familiar for its important health constituents with high-value bioactives and applications in the pharma and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandopu Sravan Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - Monisha Arya
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - Paramesha Mahadevappa
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India; Presently : Department of Studies and Research in Food Technology, Davangere University, Davangere, Karnataka 577007, India
| | - Parvatam Giridhar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India.
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García-Pérez P, Lozano-Milo E, Landín M, Gallego PP. Machine Learning Technology Reveals the Concealed Interactions of Phytohormones on Medicinal Plant In Vitro Organogenesis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050746. [PMID: 32403395 PMCID: PMC7278175 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis constitutes the biological feature driving plant in vitro regeneration, in which the role of plant hormones is crucial. The use of machine learning (ML) technology stands out as a novel approach to characterize the combined role of two phytohormones, the auxin indoleacetic acid (IAA) and the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), on the in vitro organogenesis of unexploited medicinal plants from the Bryophyllum subgenus. The predictive model generated by neurofuzzy logic, a combination of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and fuzzy logic algorithms, was able to reveal the critical factors affecting such multifactorial process over the experimental dataset collected. The rules obtained along with the model allowed to decipher that BAP had a pleiotropic effect on the Bryophyllum spp., as it caused different organogenetic responses depending on its concentration and the genotype, including direct and indirect shoot organogenesis and callus formation. On the contrary, IAA showed an inhibiting role, restricted to indirect shoot regeneration. In this work, neurofuzzy logic emerged as a cutting-edge method to characterize the mechanism of action of two phytohormones, leading to the optimization of plant tissue culture protocols with high large-scale biotechnological applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascual García-Pérez
- Applied Plant & Soil Biology, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.-P.); (E.L.-M.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Eva Lozano-Milo
- Applied Plant & Soil Biology, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.-P.); (E.L.-M.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Mariana Landín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro Pablo Gallego
- Applied Plant & Soil Biology, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.-P.); (E.L.-M.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-986-812-595
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Mangoale RM, Afolayan AJ. Comparative Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Wild and Cultivated Alepidea amatymbica Eckl & Zeyh. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020:5808624. [PMID: 32352000 PMCID: PMC7174954 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5808624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to scientifically validate the claim that wild species of medicinal plants are more potent than the cultivated plants. Thus, this study evaluated the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of wild and cultivated Alepidea amatymbica. Acetone, methanol, and water extracts of the rhizome of wild and cultivated A. amatymbica were evaluated for total phenol, flavonol, flavonoid, tannin, proanthocyanidin, saponin, and alkaloid contents using spectrophotometric methods. In vitro antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide assays. The wild extracts had higher phytochemical contents in most of the assays than cultivated extracts. Total phenol in the wild extracts ranged from 32.30 to 117.8 mg GAE/g with the acetone extracts having the highest content while the water extracts were the least. The range in the total phenol of the cultivated species was 66.46 to 98.44 mg GAE/g with the methanol extracts having the highest content while water extracts was the least. The flavonoid content ranged from 55.01 to 99.09 mg QE/g and from 48.65 to 67.32 mg QE/g for the wild and cultivated plants, respectively. The alkaloid contents ranged from 14.70 to 17.80% in the wild species while it ranged from 11.98 to 13.21% in the cultivated species. The wild species also showed higher antioxidant activities in most of the assays evaluated. This study has implications for both pharmacological and conservation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramatsobane Maureen Mangoale
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony Jide Afolayan
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Gupta V, Guleri R, Gupta M, Kaur N, Kaur K, Kumar P, Anand M, Kaur G, Pati PK. Anti-neuroinflammatory potential of Tylophora indica (Burm. f) Merrill and development of an efficient in vitro propagation system for its clinical use. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230142. [PMID: 32210464 PMCID: PMC7094842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a major risk factor associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed but their long term use is associated with adverse effects. Thus, herbal based medicines are attracting major attraction worldwide as potential therapeutic candidates. Tylophora indica (Burm. f) Merrill is a valuable medicinal plant well known in Ayurvedic practices for its immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, anti-asthmatic and antirheumatic activities. The present study aimed to elucidate the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of water and hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of micropropagated plants of T. indica using BV-2 microglia activated with lipopolysaccharide as an in vitro model system and development of an efficient reproducible protocol for its in vitro cloning. Non cytotoxic doses of the water and hydroalcoholic extracts (0.2μg/ml and 20μg/ml, respectively) were selected using MTT assay. α-Tubulin, Iba-1 and inflammatory cascade proteins like NFκB, AP1 expression was studied using immunostaining to ascertain the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of these extracts. Further, anti-migratory activity was also analyzed by Wound Scratch Assay. Both extracts effectively attenuated lipopolysaccharide induced microglial activation, migration and the production of nitrite via regulation of the expression of NFκB and AP1 as the possible underlying target molecules. An efficient and reproducible protocol for in vitro cloning of T. indica through multiple shoot proliferation from nodal segments was established on both solid and liquid Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) media supplemented with 15μM and 10μM of Benzyl Amino Purine respectively. Regenerated shoots were rooted on both solid and liquid MS media supplemented with Indole-3-butyric acid (5–15μM) and the rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized and transferred to open field conditions showing 90% survivability. The present study suggests that T. indica may prove to be a potential anti-neuroinflammatory agent and may be further explored as a potential therapeutic candidate for the management of neurodegenerative diseases. Further, the current study will expedite the conservation of T. indica ensuring ample supply of this threatened medicinal plant to fulfill its increasing demand in herbal industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rupam Guleri
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Muskan Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kuldeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Paramdeep Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Anand
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Haryana, India
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
- * E-mail: (PKP); (GK)
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
- * E-mail: (PKP); (GK)
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Abstract
Plants and medicinal herbs that are available on the market do not always meet quality and safety standards. One particular concern is the risk of contamination with mycotoxins. Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A are the most frequently described mycotoxins in herbal products and have repeatedly been reported to occur at concentrations which exceed regulatory levels set by the European Union (EU). Possible solutions include enforcing existing limits, and for the new materials, establishing tighter limits and mandate the growth of medicinal plants in EU member countries under more strict conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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Li Y, Kong D, Fu Y, Sussman MR, Wu H. The effect of developmental and environmental factors on secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 148:80-89. [PMID: 31951944 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites (SMs) of medicinal plants are the material basis of their clinically curative effects. They are also important indicators for evaluating the quality of medicinal materials. However, the synthesis and accumulation of SMs are very complex, which are affected by many factors including internal developmental genetic circuits (regulated gene, enzyme) and by external environment factors (light, temperature, water, salinity, etc.). Currently, lots of literatures focused on the effect of environmental factors on the synthesis and accumulation of SMs of medicinal plants, the effect of the developmental growth and genetic factors on the synthesis and accumulation of SMs still lack systematic classification and summary. Here, we have given the review base on our previous works on the morphological development of medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites, and systematically outlined the literature reports how different environmental factors affected the synthesis and accumulation of SMs. The results of our reviews can know how developmental and environmental factors qualitatively and quantitatively influence SMs of medicinal plants and how these can be integrated as tools to quality control, as well as on the improvement of clinical curative effects by altering their genomes, and/or growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Michael R Sussman
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Silva TD, Batista DS, Fortini EA, Castro KMD, Felipe SHS, Fernandes AM, Sousa RMDJ, Chagas K, Silva JVSD, Correia LNDF, Farias LM, Leite JPV, Rocha DI, Otoni WC. Blue and red light affects morphogenesis and 20-hydroxyecdisone content of in vitro Pfaffia glomerata accessions. J Photochem Photobiol B 2019; 203:111761. [PMID: 31896050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The combination of different colors from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) may influence growth and production of secondary metabolites in plants. In the present study, the effect of light quality on morphophysiology and content of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), a phytoecdysteroid, was evaluated in accessions of an endangered medicinal species, Pfaffia glomerata, grown in vitro. Two accessions (Ac22 and Ac43) were cultured in vitro under three different ratios of red (R) and blue (B) LEDs: (i) 1R:1B, (ii) 1R:3B, and (iii) 3R:1B. An equal ratio of red and blue light (1R:1B) increased biomass accumulation, anthocyanin content, and 20E production (by 30-40%). Moreover, 1R:1B treatment increased the size of vascular bundles and vessel elements, as well as strengthened xylem lignification and thickening of the cell wall of shoots. The 1R:3B treatment induced the highest photosynthetic and electron transport rates and enhanced the activity of oxidative stress-related enzymes. Total Chl content, Chl/Car ratio, and NPQ varied more by accession type than by light source. Spectral quality affected primary metabolism differently in each accession. Specifically, in Ac22 plants, fructose content was higher under 1R:1B and 1R:3B treatments, whereas starch accumulation was higher under 1R:3B, and sucrose under 3R:1B. In Ac43 plants, sugars were not influenced by light spectral quality, but starch content was higher under 3R:1B conditions. In conclusion, red and blue LEDs enhance biomass and 20E production in P. glomerata grown in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Dulcineia Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego Silva Batista
- Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus III, Bananeiras, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Kamila Motta de Castro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Mendes Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Kristhiano Chagas
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Letícia Monteiro Farias
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Viana Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego Ismael Rocha
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, GO, Brazil
| | - Wagner Campos Otoni
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Mormile P, Rippa M, Graziani G, Ritieni A. Use of greenhouse-covering films with tailored UV-B transmission dose for growing 'medicines' through plants: rocket salad case. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:6931-6936. [PMID: 31393606 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation on plants are well known and have recently attracted a great deal of attention due to the production of large quantities of secondary metabolites, which are very beneficial for human health. Recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of exploiting UV-B radiation to induce metabolic changes in fruit, vegetables, and herbs. The role of UV-B rays in inducing secondary plant metabolites is enhanced by new plastic films, which, as a result of their optical properties, permit the necessary dosage of UV-B to be transmitted into the greenhouse to stimulate such metabolites without altering the harvest. RESULTS The main goal of the present paper is to demonstrate that, by using a greenhouse plastic film with appropriate transmittance of UV-B for rocket salad cultivation, it is possible to increase the nutraceutical elements in comparison with the same species grown in absence of such radiation. Tests compared nutritional elements extracted from rocket salad grown under greenhouses covered with several plastic films differing in UV-B transmittance. We found that rocket salad grown under plastic with 27% UV-B transmittance exhibited very high luteolin and quercetin content in comparison with rocket salad cultivated under film blocking UV-B radiation. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental results confirm the possibility of exploiting UV-B radiation in the correct amounts by appropriate greenhouse plastic covers, to produce natural 'medicines' using the plants and to satisfy increasing consumer demand for natural health-promoting food products. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mormile
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Council of Research of Italy (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Massimo Rippa
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Council of Research of Italy (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Yuan Y, Yu M, Zhang B, Liu X, Zhang J. Comparative nutritional characteristics of the three major Chinese Dendrobium species with different growth years. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222666. [PMID: 31539401 PMCID: PMC6754168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium, an important medicinal plant, is a source of widely used herbal medicine to nourish the stomach and treat throat inflammation. The present study is aimed at distinguishing and evaluating three major Dendrobium species by comparing physiochemical characteristics and understanding differences between different growth years in the Ta-pieh Mountains. Polysaccharides and total alkaloids of Dendrobium were determined, and the amino acids and trace elements were determined by UPLC (Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) and ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). It can be seen from the results that the polysaccharide content of these three kinds of Dendrobium in different growth years ranges from 249.31 mg·g-1 to 547.66 mg·g-1, and the highest content is in the 3-year-old Dendrobium huoshanense. The total alkaloid content ranges from 0.21 mg·g-1 to 0.54 mg·g-1, and the highest content is also the 3-year-old Dendrobium huoshanense. We determined the amino acid content of these three Dendrobium in different growth years, and we can see that each of the three kinds of Dendrobium contain seven kinds of amino acids required by the human body. We conducted a safety evaluation of the essential trace elements of Dendrobium, and the results showed that the dosage of 12g·d-1Dendrobium prescribed in China Pharmacopoeia is in accordance with the recommended daily intake of trace elements recommended by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States, and will not cause trace element poisoning. Linear discriminant analysis was carried out on the basis of amino acids and trace elements and confirmed the applicability of multi-elemental analysis for identifying different Dendrobium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdan Yuan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maoyun Yu
- Anhui Tongjisheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Lu'an, Anhui, China
- Cultivation and Industrialization Center of Rare Medicinal Plants in Ta-pieh Mountains, West Anhui University, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Xin Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinchi Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Lambein F, Travella S, Kuo YH, Van Montagu M, Heijde M. Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.): orphan crop, nutraceutical or just plain food? Planta 2019; 250:821-838. [PMID: 30719530 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-03084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although grass pea is an environmentally successful robust legume with major traits of interest for food and nutrition security, the genetic potential of this orphan crop has long been neglected. Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a Neolithic plant that has survived millennia of cultivation and has spread over three continents. It is a robust legume crop that is considered one of the most resilient to climate changes and to be survival food during drought-triggered famines. The hardy penetrating root system allows the cultivation of grass pea in various soil types, including marginal ones. As an efficient nitrogen fixer, it meets its own nitrogen requirements and positively benefits subsequent crops. However, already in ancient India and Greece, overconsumption of the seeds and a crippling neurological disorder, later coined neurolathyrism, had been linked. Overemphasis of their suspected toxic properties has led to disregard the plant's exceptionally positive agronomic properties and dietary advantages. In normal socio-economic and environmental situations, in which grass pea is part of a balanced diet, neurolathyrism is virtually non-existent. The etiology of neurolathyrism has been oversimplified and the deficiency in methionine in the diet has been overlooked. In view of the global climate change, this very adaptable and nutritious orphan crop deserves more attention. Grass pea can become a wonder crop if the double stigma on its reputation as a toxic plant and as food of the poor can be disregarded. Additionally, recent research has exposed the potential of grass pea as a health-promoting nutraceutical. Development of varieties with an improved balance in essential amino acids and diet may be relevant to enhance the nutritional value without jeopardizing the multiple stress tolerance of this promising crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernand Lambein
- International Plant Biotechnology Outreach, VIB, Technologiepark 122, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Silvia Travella
- International Plant Biotechnology Outreach, VIB, Technologiepark 122, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yu-Haey Kuo
- International Plant Biotechnology Outreach, VIB, Technologiepark 122, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Montagu
- International Plant Biotechnology Outreach, VIB, Technologiepark 122, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Heijde
- International Plant Biotechnology Outreach, VIB, Technologiepark 122, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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Lei Z, Zhang S, Liu D, Gao X, Zhao Y, Cui Y. Evaluation of three different artificial agarwood-inducing methods from Aquilaria sinensis using antimicrobial activity. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:905-910. [PMID: 31278698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of three different approaches for artificially inducing the formation of agarwood over time in young Aquilaria sinensis trees using antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity was determined by a two-fold serial dilution method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against a panel of microorganisms (two bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and seven fungal strains: Penicillium melinii, Penicillium adametzi, Penicillium urticae, Penicillium notatum, Paecilomyces varioti, Mucor saturninus Hagem and Aspergillus niger). The results showed that artificial agarwood obtained by comprehensive stimulated method (formic acid plus fungal inoculation) and extended longer inducing time have better antimicrobial activity, which is similar to the result of chemical analysis. Therefore, it is a beneficial exploration to the first use of antimicrobial activity to evaluate artificial agarwood obtained by different producing methods and different culture time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Lei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, PR China / Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical College, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Dailin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical College, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yu Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, PR China
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de Oliveira PTF, Dos Santos EL, da Silva WAV, Ferreira MRA, Soares LAL, da Silva FA, da Silva FSB. Production of biomolecules of interest to the anxiolytic herbal medicine industry in yellow passionfruit leaves (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) promoted by mycorrhizal inoculation. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:3716-3720. [PMID: 30666655 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our contemporary way of life has led us to consume high amounts of chemically-synthesized allopathic medicinal products and anxiolytics to which a viable alternative is the use of Passiflora-based herbal medicines with composition containing vitexin, a flavonoid with anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known for enhancing the production of biomolecules, however, increase production of phytochemistry in Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa has not been reported in the literature. Our aim was to select AMF to benefit the production of vitexin in leaves of P. edulis by inoculating seedlings in the region of roots with Acaulospora longula, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Gigaspora albida. RESULTS The inoculation increased the concentration of vitexin in 63.64% and the inoculation with A. longula also increased the content of flavonoids and total saponins in the leaves in relation to the control. CONCLUSION The increase in the production of vitexin in the leaf in response to the inoculation with AMF, with emphasis to A. longula, interests the pharmaceutical industry and can generate profit to the production of yellow passionfruit-based anxiolytic herbal medicine. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Tarcila Félix de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Micorrízica, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Lima Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Alberto Lira Soares
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Analítico e Tecnológico de Fitoterápicos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Sérgio Barbosa da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Ming XJ, Zhang Y, Wang YD, Wang G, Zhao JF, Wang CH, Liao GP, Qu XY. [Investigation and application of Dendrobium resources in Qinba Mountains with a discussion on industrial poverty alleviation model]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:614-618. [PMID: 30989931 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20181204.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Dendrobium species are rare and endangered medicinal plants, and it is difficult to investigate their wild resources with conventional methods because of typical epiphytic herbaceous. We explored Dendrobium resources(include culture resource) of Qinba Mountains and the boundary Mountain area in Hubei, Chongqing using the methods of literatures and field investigation, and found that the cultural base of Dendrobium were profound in Qinba Mountains region. Furthermore, its germplasm resources of Dendrobium were established for the first time in Wanzhou Luotian town. In case the advantages of local rock resources and poverty alleviation demand, we have actively carried out the cultivating mode of Dendrobium which grow on rock, and the poverty alleviation model of local characteristic Dendrobium industry were established preliminarily. Our application case can provide reference for the mining and transformation of traditional Chinese medicine resources census results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jia Ming
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource,Endangered Medicinal Breeding National Engineering Laboratory,Chongqing Academy of Cinsese Materia Medica Chongqing 400065,China Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource,Center for Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing 400065,China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource,Endangered Medicinal Breeding National Engineering Laboratory,Chongqing Academy of Cinsese Materia Medica Chongqing 400065,China Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource,Center for Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing 400065,China
| | - Yong-de Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource,Endangered Medicinal Breeding National Engineering Laboratory,Chongqing Academy of Cinsese Materia Medica Chongqing 400065,China Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource,Center for Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing 400065,China
| | - Gang Wang
- Chongqing Luohu Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd. Chongqing 404038,China
| | - Ji-Feng Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource,Endangered Medicinal Breeding National Engineering Laboratory,Chongqing Academy of Cinsese Materia Medica Chongqing 400065,China Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource,Center for Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing 400065,China
| | - Chang-Hua Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource,Endangered Medicinal Breeding National Engineering Laboratory,Chongqing Academy of Cinsese Materia Medica Chongqing 400065,China Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource,Center for Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing 400065,China
| | - Guang-Ping Liao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource,Endangered Medicinal Breeding National Engineering Laboratory,Chongqing Academy of Cinsese Materia Medica Chongqing 400065,China Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource,Center for Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing 400065,China
| | - Xian-You Qu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource,Endangered Medicinal Breeding National Engineering Laboratory,Chongqing Academy of Cinsese Materia Medica Chongqing 400065,China Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource,Center for Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing 400065,China
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Miguéis GDS, da Silva RH, Damasceno Júnior GA, Guarim-Neto G. Plants used by the rural community of Bananal, Mato Grosso, Brazil: Aspects of popular knowledge. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210488. [PMID: 30699133 PMCID: PMC6353550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in rural communities are important to maintain popular knowledge between generations, as well as to identify new species for pharmaceutical production. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine which plant species the rural community of Bananal, Mato Grosso, Brazil, uses by calculating the levels of fidelity and concordance regarding species uses among residents and to determine if there is a relationship between the number of known useful plants and levels of education, age, and residence time. Ethnobotanical data was collected from residents of the community through semi-structured interviews in January/December/2016. Species diversity was calculated using Shannon-Wiener, Level of Fidelity (LF), Correction Factor, and the Percentage of Agreement regarding the Main Uses (AMU). Statistical tests were performed using generalized linear models (GLM) in the R environment. The plant use indications were grouped according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD 10). We found 152 species belonging to 130 genera and 67 families. The most frequently used plant parts were leaves, and decoction was the most frequent preparation mode. Strychnos pseudoquina was the species with the highest amount of use indications. The diversity index was 4.5 nats/ind-1. The body system with the most citations was the code XVIII of ICD 10, corresponding to the species: alfavaca, mentraste, terramicina, angelim, fedegoso. Medicinal species with AMU values higher than 25% were: Strychnos pseudoquina, Plectranthus barbatus, Citrus sinensis cv. pera, Cymbopogon citratus. There was a relationship between the number of useful plants and the residence time of the participants. The Bananal community revealed high species richness and the relationship of knowledge showed that the older the residents and the longer their residence time in the community, the more knowledge they acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela da Silva Miguéis
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Rosa Helena da Silva
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
| | | | - Germano Guarim-Neto
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil
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Fung SY, Cheong PCH, Tan NH, Ng ST, Tan CS. Nutritional evaluation on Lignosus cameronensis C. S. Tan, a medicinal Polyporaceae. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:821-826. [PMID: 30629799 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sclerotial powder of a cultivated species of the Tiger Milk Mushroom, Lignosus cameronensis was analysed for its nutritional components and compared against species of the same genus, Lignosus rhinocerus and Lignosus tigris. All three species have been used by indigenous tribes in Peninsular Malaysia as medicinal mushrooms. Content of carbohydrate, fibre, mineral, amino acid, palatable index, fat, ash and moisture were determined. L. cameronensis sclerotial material consists of carbohydrate (79.7%), protein (12.4%) and dietary fibre (5.4%) with low fat (1.7%) and no free sugar. It has the highest content of total carbohydrate (791 g kg-1 ), energy value (3,700 kcal kg-1 ) and calcium (0.85 g kg-1 ). The crude protein content (123 g kg-1 ) is comparable to that of L. rhinocerus with its main amino acids consisting of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and leucine. The umami index is determined to be 0.27. The total essential amino acid (45 g kg-1 ) is comparable to that of L. tigris. The main mineral is potassium (1.51 g kg-1 ) and the Na/K ratio was <0.6. Heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic were absent. L. cameronensis has the highest amount of food energy, total carbohydrate and calcium compared to those of both L. rhinocerus and L. tigris. The essential amino acids comprised almost 40% of the total amino acid content, slightly more than that reported from sclerotial powder of the L. tigris. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 9999(9999):1-6, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yee Fung
- Medicinal Mushroom Research Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Peter Chiew Hing Cheong
- Medicinal Mushroom Research Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nget Hong Tan
- Medicinal Mushroom Research Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Szu Ting Ng
- Ligno Biotech Sdn. Bhd., Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chon Seng Tan
- Ligno Biotech Sdn. Bhd., Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
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Tiwari BK, Abidi AB, Rizvi SI, Pandey KB. Effect of oral supplementation of composite leaf extract of medicinal plants on biomarkers of oxidative stress in induced diabetic Wistar rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:361-366. [PMID: 29207888 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1411369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of oral supplementation of composite extract of leaves (CLE) of four medicinal plants; Aegle marmelos, Ocimum sanctum, Murraya koenigii and Azadirachta indica on markers of oxidative stress in brain tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic rats in vivo. Enhanced lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and reduced antioxidative defence systems were measured in brain tissues of diabetic rats. Supplementation of CLE, once in a day for 35 days significantly (p < .05) protected the peroxidation of lipid, oxidation of protein and ameliorated the antioxidant defence in brain tissue of diabetic rats. It was observed that the insulin-like effect of CLE was dose dependent; higher effect at higher doses. The results of the study suggest that supplementation CLE may provide an overall homeostasis and significant neuro-protection through rescuing brain cells from oxidative abuse and accelerating brain antioxidative defence during advanced stage of hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahm Kumar Tiwari
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biochemical Engineering , Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHIATS) , Allahabad , India
| | - Abu Baker Abidi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biochemical Engineering , Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHIATS) , Allahabad , India
| | - Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
- b Department of Biochemistry , University of Allahabad , Allahabad , India
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Purushotham N, Jones E, Monk J, Ridgway H. Community Structure of Endophytic Actinobacteria in a New Zealand Native Medicinal Plant Pseudowintera colorata (Horopito) and Their Influence on Plant Growth. Microb Ecol 2018; 76:729-740. [PMID: 29435598 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of plant endophytic Actinobacteria remains poorly understood with no reports of these communities in New Zealand native plants. This first investigation of endophytic Actinobacteria in New Zealand targeted the culturally significant medicinal shrub Pseudowintera colorata (horopito) as a model plant. Community analysis in plant tissues collected from ten geographically distinct sites showed that tissue type had the strongest influence on diversity and richness of endophytic Actinobacteria. More denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) bands were obtained from stems (n = 18) compared to roots (n = 13). Sequencing analysis of the major bands (n = 20) identified them as uncultured bacteria, Streptomyces sp. and Angustibacter peucedani. Using two Actinobacteria-specific media, nine isolates were recovered from surface-sterilised P. colorata tissues. This was approximately 12% of the total taxa and correlated well with culturable numbers in international studies. In vitro analysis of the functionality of these strains showed that Streptomyces sp. PRY2RB2 inhibited all the tested phytopathogenic fungi (n = 4), Streptomyces sp. UKCW/B and Nocardia sp. TP1BA1B solubilised phosphate and produced siderophores. The functionality of the phosphate solubilising strains (n = 2) in vivo was investigated by inoculation of P. colorata seedlings. After 4 months, the mean shoot height of seedlings treated with Nocardia sp. TP1BA1B was 1.65× longer, had higher shoot dry weight (1.6×) and number of internodes (1.67×) compared to control. This study identified for the first time a key group of endophytic Actinobacteria that are likely to be important in the ecology of New Zealand flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Purushotham
- Department of Pest-management and Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand.
| | - Eirian Jones
- Department of Pest-management and Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Jana Monk
- AgResearch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- AsureQuality, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Hayley Ridgway
- Department of Pest-management and Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
- Plant & Food Research Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Peng Y, Chen J, Wei H, Li S, Jin T, Yang R. Distribution and transfer of potentially toxic metal(loid)s in Juncus effusus from the indigenous zinc smelting area, northwest region of Guizhou Province, China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 152:24-32. [PMID: 29367113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We collected samples (i.e., the aerial parts and roots of Juncus effusus and their growth media) in the indigenous zinc smelting area in the northwest region of Guizhou Province, China, and we measured and analyzed potentially toxic metal(loid)s (arsenic, As; cadmium, Cd; chromium, Cr; copper, Cu; mercury, Hg; lead, Pb and zinc, Zn) in these samples. The results include the following: First, there is a high concentration of one or more potentially toxic metal(loid)s in the slag and surrounding soil in the research area. This situation might be caused by metal(loid) damage or contamination due to the circumstances. Additionally, Juncus effusus in the indigenous zinc smelting area are contaminated by some potentially toxic metal(loid)s; since they are used for Chinese medical materials, it is especially significant that their As, Cd and Pb concentrations are greater than their limited standard values. Finally, both the bioconcentration factors and transfer factors for most potentially toxic metal(loid)s in Juncus effusus are less than 1 in the study area. Therefore, we suggest that Juncus effusus could be used for phytostabilization or as a pioneer plant for phytoremediation of potentially toxic metal(loid)s because it has a tolerance and exclusion mechanism for these metal(loid)s in the research district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Peng
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huairui Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shibin Li
- Institute of Land Resources Survey and Plan of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Institute of Mountain Resources of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Ruidong Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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50
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Kim YJ, Joo SC, Shi J, Hu C, Quan S, Hu J, Sukweenadhi J, Mohanan P, Yang DC, Zhang D. Metabolic dynamics and physiological adaptation of Panax ginseng during development. Plant Cell Rep 2018; 37:393-410. [PMID: 29150823 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of metabolites from leaves to roots of Panax ginseng during development has revealed the tissue-specific and year-specific metabolic networks. Being an essential Oriental medicinal plant, ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a slow-growing perennial herb-accumulating pharmaceutically active metabolites such as ginsenosides in roots during growth. However, little is known about how ginseng plants survive in the harsh environments such as winter cold and summer heat for a longer period and accumulates those active metabolites as the plant grows. To understand the metabolic kinetics in both source and sink organs such as leaves and roots of ginseng plant, respectively, and to assess the changes in ginsenosides biosynthesis during ginseng growth, we investigated the metabolic profiles from leaves and roots of 1-, 4-, and 6-year-old field-grown ginseng plants. Using an integrated non-targeted metabolomic approach, we identified in total 348 primary and secondary metabolites, which provided us for the first time a global metabolomic assessment of ginseng during growth, and morphogenesis. Strikingly, the osmoprotectants and oxidized chemicals were highly accumulated in 4- and 6-year-old ginseng leaves suggested that ginseng develop a wide range of metabolic strategies to adapt unfavorable conditions as they mature. In 6-year-old plants, ginsenosides were decreased in leaves but increased in roots up to 1.2- to sixfold, supporting the view that there is a long-distance transport of ginsenosides from leaves to roots as ginseng plants mature. Our findings provide insights into the metabolic kinetics during the development of ginseng plant and this could complement the pharmacological importance of ginseng and its compounds according to their age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sung Chul Joo
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Quan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Johan Sukweenadhi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Padmanaban Mohanan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Chun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China.
- Crop Biotech Institute and Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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