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Hinokuma H, Kanamori Y, Ikeda K, Hao L, Maruno M, Yamane T, Maeda A, Nita A, Shimoda M, Niimura M, Takeshima Y, Li S, Suzuki M, Moroishi T. Distinct functions between ferrous and ferric iron in lung cancer cell growth. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4355-4364. [PMID: 37688294 PMCID: PMC10637068 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests an association between iron metabolism and lung cancer progression. In biological systems, iron is present in either reduced (Fe2+ ; ferrous) or oxidized (Fe3+ ; ferric) states. However, ferrous and ferric iron exhibit distinct chemical and biological properties, the role of ferrous and ferric iron in lung cancer cell growth has not been clearly distinguished. In this study, we manipulated the balance between cellular ferrous and ferric iron status by inducing gene mutations involving the FBXL5-IRP2 axis, a ubiquitin-dependent regulatory system for cellular iron homeostasis, and determined its effects on lung cancer cell growth. FBXL5 depletion (ferrous iron accumulation) was found to suppress lung cancer cell growth, whereas IRP2 depletion (ferric iron accumulation) did not suppress such growth, suggesting that ferrous iron but not ferric iron plays a suppressive role in cell growth. Mechanistically, the depletion of FBXL5 impaired the degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27, resulting in a delay in the cell cycle at the G1/S phase. FBXL5 depletion in lung cancer cells also improved the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Overall, this study highlights the important function of ferrous iron in cell cycle progression and lung cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hinokuma
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Department of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yohei Kanamori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Koei Ikeda
- Department of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Masataka Maruno
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Taishi Yamane
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Ayato Maeda
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Akihiro Nita
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Mayuko Shimoda
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Mayumi Niimura
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yuki Takeshima
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Shuran Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
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Kumari R, Holla VV, Phulpagar P, Sriram N, Hegde AG, Vengalil S, Kamble N, Saini J, Yadav R, Pal PK, Muthusamy B. Whole exome sequencing and transcript analysis discover a novel pathogenic splice site mutation in DCAF17 gene underlying Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13185. [PMID: 35876063 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome (WSS) is an extremely rare multisystemic disorder with neuroendocrine dysfunctions. It is characterized by hypogonadism, alopecia, diabetes mellitus, intellectual disability and progressive extrapyramidal syndrome along with radiological features of small pituitary gland, progressive frontoparietal white matter changes and abnormal accumulation of iron on globus pallidus. WSS is caused by mutations in DCAF17 gene that encodes for DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 17. In this study, we report a 17-year-old boy with clinical and radiological features of WSS including mild global developmental delay, mild intellectual disability, sensorineural hearing loss, progressive extrapyramidal syndrome, alopecia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and dysmorphic features. Whole exome sequencing analysis revealed a novel potentially pathogenic splice donor site variant (c.458+1G>T) on the intron 4 of DCAF17 gene. Transcript analysis revealed splicing ablation resulting in aberrant splicing of exons 3 and 5 and skipping of exon 4 (c.322_458del). This results in a frameshift and is predicted to cause premature termination of protein synthesis resulting in a protein product of length 120 amino acids (p.[Gly108Ilefs*14]). Our study identified a novel pathogenic variant causing WSS in a patient and expands the spectrum of clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with WSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyanka Kumari
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikram V Holla
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Prashant Phulpagar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Neeharika Sriram
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Aditya G Hegde
- Department of Endocrinology, Manipal Hospitals, Bangalore, India
| | - Seena Vengalil
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Nitish Kamble
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Jitender Saini
- Departement of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Babylakshmi Muthusamy
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Henning NJ, Manford AG, Spradlin JN, Brittain SM, Zhang E, McKenna JM, Tallarico JA, Schirle M, Rape M, Nomura DK. Discovery of a Covalent FEM1B Recruiter for Targeted Protein Degradation Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:701-708. [PMID: 34994556 PMCID: PMC8928484 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), heterobifunctional compounds that consist of protein-targeting ligands linked to an E3 ligase recruiter, have arisen as a powerful therapeutic modality for targeted protein degradation (TPD). Despite the popularity of TPD approaches in drug discovery, only a small number of E3 ligase recruiters are available for the >600 E3 ligases that exist in human cells. Here, we have discovered a cysteine-reactive covalent ligand, EN106, that targets FEM1B, an E3 ligase recently discovered as the critical component of the cellular response to reductive stress. By targeting C186 in FEM1B, EN106 disrupts recognition of the key reductive stress substrate of FEM1B, FNIP1. We further establish that EN106 can be used as a covalent recruiter for FEM1B in TPD applications by demonstrating that a PROTAC linking EN106 to the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 or the kinase inhibitor dasatinib leads to the degradation of BRD4 and BCR-ABL, respectively. Our study showcases a covalent ligand that targets a natural E3 ligase-substrate binding site and highlights the utility of covalent ligand screening in expanding the arsenal of E3 ligase recruiters suitable for TPD applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J. Henning
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Novartis-Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA
| | - Andrew G. Manford
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Jessica N. Spradlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Novartis-Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA
| | - Scott M. Brittain
- Novartis-Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Erika Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Novartis-Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA
| | - Jeffrey M. McKenna
- Novartis-Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - John A. Tallarico
- Novartis-Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Markus Schirle
- Novartis-Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Michael Rape
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Daniel K. Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Novartis-Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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Kim MS, Kang KK, Cho YG. Molecular and Functional Analysis of U-box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Gene Family in Rice ( Oryzasativa). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112088. [PMID: 34769518 PMCID: PMC8584879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins encoded by U-box type ubiquitin ligase (PUB) genes in rice are known to play an important role in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Functional analysis has revealed a detailed molecular mechanism involving PUB proteins in relation to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, characteristics of 77 OsPUB genes in rice were identified. Systematic and comprehensive analyses of the OsPUB gene family were then performed, including analysis of conserved domains, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, chromosome location, cis-acting elements, and expression patterns. Through transcriptome analysis, we confirmed that 16 OsPUB genes show similar expression patterns in drought stress and blast infection response pathways. Numerous cis-acting elements were found in promoter sequences of 16 OsPUB genes, indicating that the OsPUB genes might be involved in complex regulatory networks to control hormones, stress responses, and cellular development. We performed qRT-PCR on 16 OsPUB genes under drought stress and blast infection to further identify the reliability of transcriptome and cis-element analysis data. It was confirmed that the expression pattern was similar to RNA-sequencing analysis results. The transcription of OsPUB under various stress conditions indicates that the PUB gene might have various functions in the responses of rice to abiotic and biotic stresses. Taken together, these results indicate that the genome-wide analysis of OsPUB genes can provide a solid basis for the functional analysis of U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase genes. The molecular information of the U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase gene family in rice, including gene expression patterns and cis-acting regulatory elements, could be useful for future crop breeding programs by genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Me-Sun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Life & Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Kwon-Kyoo Kang
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea;
| | - Yong-Gu Cho
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Life & Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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Park CK, Heo J, Ham WS, Choi YD, Shin SJ, Cho NH. Ferroportin and FBXL5 as Prognostic Markers in Advanced Stage Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res Treat 2021; 53:1174-1183. [PMID: 33735560 PMCID: PMC8524006 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2021.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Advanced stage clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) involves a poor prognosis. Several studies have reported that dysfunctions in iron metabolism‒related proteins may cause tumor progression and metastasis of this carcinoma. In this study, we investigated the impact of the expression of iron metabolism‒related proteins on patient prognoses in advanced stage ccRCCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS All of 143 advanced stage ccRCC specimens were selected following validation with double blind reviews. Several clinicopathological parameters including nuclear grade, perirenal fat invasion, renal sinus fat invasion, vascular invasion, necrosis, and sarcomatoid/rhabdoid differentiation were compared with the expression of ferroportin (FPN), and F-Box and leucine rich repeat protein 5 (FBXL5), by immunohistochemistry. FPN and FBXL5 mRNA level of ccRCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were also analyzed for validation. RESULTS FPN and FBXL5 immunohistochemistry showed membrane and cytoplasmic expression, respectively. Based on the H-score, cases were classified as low or high expression with a cutoff value of 20 for FPN and 15 for FBXL5, respectively. Low expression of FPN and FBXL5 were significantly associated with patient death (p=0.022 and p=0.005, respectively). In survival analyses, low expression of FPN and FBXL5 were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (p=0.003 and p=0.004, respectively). On multivariate analysis, low expression of FBXL5 (hazard ratio, 2.001; p=0.034) was significantly associated with shorter overall survival. CONCLUSION FPN and FBXL5 can be used as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for advanced stage ccRCC.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/secondary
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/therapy
- Cation Transport Proteins/genetics
- Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Combined Modality Therapy
- F-Box Proteins/genetics
- F-Box Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/therapy
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Keun Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jayoon Heo
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) Ilsan Hospital, Goyang,
Korea
| | - Won Sik Ham
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Young-Deuk Choi
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sang Joon Shin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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Mukherjee S, Kar A, Khatun N, Datta P, Biswas A, Barik S. Familiarity Breeds Strategy: In Silico Untangling of the Molecular Complexity on Course of Autoimmune Liver Disease-to-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Transition Predicts Novel Transcriptional Signatures. Cells 2021; 10:1917. [PMID: 34440687 PMCID: PMC8394127 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) often lead to transformation of the liver tissues into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Considering the drawbacks of surgical procedures in such cases, need of successful non-invasive therapeutic strategies and treatment modalities for AILD-associated-HCC still exists. Due to the lack of clear, sufficient knowledge about factors mediating AILD-to-HCC transition, an in silico approach was adopted to delineate the underlying molecular deterministic factors. Parallel enrichment analyses on two different public microarray datasets (GSE159676 and GSE62232) pinpointed the core transcriptional regulators as key players. Correlation between the expression kinetics of these transcriptional modules in AILD and HCC was found to be positive primarily with the advancement of hepatic fibrosis. Most of the regulatory interactions were operative during early (F0-F1) and intermediate fibrotic stages (F2-F3), while the extent of activity in the regulatory network considerably diminished at late stage of fibrosis/cirrhosis (F4). Additionally, most of the transcriptional targets with higher degrees of connectivity in the regulatory network (namely DCAF11, PKM2, DGAT2 and BCAT1) may be considered as potential candidates for biomarkers or clinical targets compared to their low-connectivity counterparts. In summary, this study uncovers new possibilities in the designing of novel prognostic and therapeutic regimen for autoimmunity-associated malignancy of liver in a disease progression-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Mukherjee
- Department of In Vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India; (S.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Arpita Kar
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India; (A.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Najma Khatun
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India; (A.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Puja Datta
- Department of In Vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India; (S.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Avik Biswas
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India; (A.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Subhasis Barik
- Department of In Vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India; (S.M.); (P.D.)
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Zhu Y, Wen J, Huang G, Mittlesteadt J, Wen X, Lu X. CHD1 and SPOP synergistically protect prostate epithelial cells from DNA damage. Prostate 2021; 81:81-88. [PMID: 33022763 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genomic profiling has identified a subtype of prostate cancer (PCa) characterized by two key genetic alterations: missense mutation of speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) and homozygous deletion of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1). Mutually exclusive with E26 transformation-specific (ETS) rearrangements, this subtype displays high genomic instability. Previous studies indicate that deficient SPOP or CHD1 alone leads to feeble prostate abnormalities and each protein is involved in DNA damage response (DDR). It remains to be determined whether CHD1 and SPOP cooperate to suppress prostate tumorigenesis and DDR. METHODS Prostate-specific single or double knockout of Spop and Chd1 was generated with the Cre/loxP system in mice. Wild-type or mutant SPOP (F102C, F133V) overexpression and CHD1 knockdown with short hairpin RNA were created in human benign prostatic hyperplasia cell line BPH1. The levels of DNA damage and homologous recombination repair were measured by immunofluorescence staining of γH2AX and RAD51, respectively. RESULTS Spop/Chd1 double-knockout mice displayed prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia at both young (3 months) and old (12 months) ages and failed to generate prostate adenocarcinoma. Compared with wild-type or single-knockout mice, the double-knockout prostate harbored moderately higher proliferating cells and dramatically augmented the level of γH2AX staining, although androgen receptor-positive cells and apoptotic cells remained at a similar level. In BPH1 cell line, SPOP mutant overexpression and CHD1 silencing synergistically sensitized the cells to DNA damage by camptothecin, an inducer of double-strand breaks. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that SPOP and CHD1 can synergistically promote repair of naturally occurring or chemically induced DNA damages in prostate epithelial cells. Regarding the progression of the SPOP/CHD1 subtype of PCa, other functionally complementary drivers warrant further identification. The clinical implication is that this subtype of PCa may be particularly sensitive to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors or DNA-damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Jiling Wen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jackson Mittlesteadt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Xiaofei Wen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Zhou M, Shi N, Zheng J, Chen Y, Wang S, Xiao K, Cui Z, Qiu K, Zhu F, Li H. Case Report: A Chinese Family of Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome With Diabetes Mellitus, With a Novel Biallelic Deletion Mutation of the DCAF17 Gene. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:770871. [PMID: 35002959 PMCID: PMC8734028 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.770871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome (WSS) (OMIM#241080) is a rare multi-system autosomal recessive disease with homozygous mutation of the DCAF17 gene. The main features of WSS include diabetes, hypogonadism, alopecia, deafness, intellectual disability and progressive extrapyramidal syndrome. We identified a WSS family with a novel DCAF17 gene mutation type in China. Two unconsanguineous siblings from the Chinese Han family exhibiting signs and symptoms of Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome were presented for evaluation. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a homozygous deletion NM_025000.4:c.1488_1489delAG in the DCAF17 gene, which resulted in a frameshift mutation that led to stop codon formation. We found that the two patients exhibited low insulin and C-peptide release after glucose stimulation by insulin and C-peptide release tests. These findings indicate that the DCAF17 gene mutation may cause pancreatic β cell functional impairment and contribute to the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningjie Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders , Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders , Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders , Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders , Wuhan, China
| | - Kangli Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders , Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenhai Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders , Wuhan, China
| | - Kangli Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders , Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders , Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Huiqing Li,
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Li W, Liang J, Outeda P, Turner S, Wakimoto BT, Watnick T. A genetic screen in Drosophila reveals an unexpected role for the KIP1 ubiquitination-promoting complex in male fertility. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009217. [PMID: 33378371 PMCID: PMC7802972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A unifying feature of polycystin-2 channels is their localization to both primary and motile cilia/flagella. In Drosophila melanogaster, the fly polycystin-2 homologue, Amo, is an ER protein early in sperm development but the protein must ultimately cluster at the flagellar tip in mature sperm to be fully functional. Male flies lacking appropriate Amo localization are sterile due to abnormal sperm motility and failure of sperm storage. We performed a forward genetic screen to identify additional proteins that mediate ciliary trafficking of Amo. Here we report that Drosophila homologues of KPC1 and KPC2, which comprise the mammalian KIP1 ubiquitination-promoting complex (KPC), form a conserved unit that is required for the sperm tail tip localization of Amo. Male flies lacking either KPC1 or KPC2 phenocopy amo mutants and are sterile due to a failure of sperm storage. KPC is a heterodimer composed of KPC1, an E3 ligase, and KPC2 (or UBAC1), an adaptor protein. Like their mammalian counterparts Drosophila KPC1 and KPC2 physically interact and they stabilize one another at the protein level. In flies, KPC2 is monoubiquitinated and phosphorylated and this modified form of the protein is located in mature sperm. Neither KPC1 nor KPC2 directly interact with Amo but they are detected in proximity to Amo at the tip of the sperm flagellum. In summary we have identified a new complex that is involved in male fertility in Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jinqing Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Patricia Outeda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Stacey Turner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Barbara T. Wakimoto
- Department of Biology, University of Washington Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Terry Watnick
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Ivashov V, Zimmer J, Schwabl S, Kahlhofer J, Weys S, Gstir R, Jakschitz T, Kremser L, Bonn GK, Lindner H, Huber LA, Leon S, Schmidt O, Teis D. Complementary α-arrestin-ubiquitin ligase complexes control nutrient transporter endocytosis in response to amino acids. eLife 2020; 9:e58246. [PMID: 32744498 PMCID: PMC7449699 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
How cells adjust nutrient transport across their membranes is incompletely understood. Previously, we have shown that S. cerevisiae broadly re-configures the nutrient transporters at the plasma membrane in response to amino acid availability, through endocytosis of sugar- and amino acid transporters (AATs) (Müller et al., 2015). A genome-wide screen now revealed that the selective endocytosis of four AATs during starvation required the α-arrestin family protein Art2/Ecm21, an adaptor for the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5, and its induction through the general amino acid control pathway. Art2 uses a basic patch to recognize C-terminal acidic sorting motifs in AATs and thereby instructs Rsp5 to ubiquitinate proximal lysine residues. When amino acids are in excess, Rsp5 instead uses TORC1-activated Art1 to detect N-terminal acidic sorting motifs within the same AATs, which initiates exclusive substrate-induced endocytosis. Thus, amino acid excess or starvation activate complementary α-arrestin-Rsp5-complexes to control selective endocytosis and adapt nutrient acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Ivashov
- Institute for Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Johannes Zimmer
- Institute for Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sinead Schwabl
- Institute for Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Jennifer Kahlhofer
- Institute for Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sabine Weys
- Institute for Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Ronald Gstir
- ADSI – Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbHInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Leopold Kremser
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, ProteinMicroAnalysis Facility, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Günther K Bonn
- ADSI – Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbHInnsbruckAustria
| | - Herbert Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, ProteinMicroAnalysis Facility, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute for Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- ADSI – Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbHInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sebastien Leon
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques MonodParisFrance
| | - Oliver Schmidt
- Institute for Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - David Teis
- Institute for Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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11
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Abstract
Early 2 factor (E2F) family transcription factors participate in myriad cell biological processes including: the cell cycle, DNA repair, apoptosis, development, differentiation, and metabolism. Circadian rhythms influence many of these phenomena. Here we find that a mammalian circadian rhythm component, Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2), regulates E2F family members. Furthermore, CRY1 and CRY2 cooperate with the E3 ligase complex SKP-CULLIN-FBXL3 (SCFFBXL3) to reduce E2F steady state protein levels. These findings reveal an unrecognized molecular connection between circadian clocks and cell cycle regulation and highlight another mechanism to maintain appropriate E2F protein levels for proper cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna B Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Huber
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, 28 rue Laennec, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Katja A Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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12
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Zhang T, Xie P, Dong Y, Liu Z, Zhou F, Pan D, Huang Z, Zhai Q, Gu Y, Wu Q, Tanaka N, Obata Y, Bradley A, Lelliott CJ, Nutter LMJ, McKerlie C, Flenniken AM, Champy MF, Sorg T, Herault Y, Angelis MHD, Durner VG, Mallon AM, Brown SDM, Meehan T, Parkinson HE, Smedley D, Lloyd KCK, Yan J, Gao X, Seong JK, Wang CKL, Sedlacek R, Liu Y, Rozman J, Yang L, Xu Y. High-throughput discovery of genetic determinants of circadian misalignment. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008577. [PMID: 31929527 PMCID: PMC6980734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian systems provide a fitness advantage to organisms by allowing them to adapt to daily changes of environmental cues, such as light/dark cycles. The molecular mechanism underlying the circadian clock has been well characterized. However, how internal circadian clocks are entrained with regular daily light/dark cycles remains unclear. By collecting and analyzing indirect calorimetry (IC) data from more than 2000 wild-type mice available from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), we show that the onset time and peak phase of activity and food intake rhythms are reliable parameters for screening defects of circadian misalignment. We developed a machine learning algorithm to quantify these two parameters in our misalignment screen (SyncScreener) with existing datasets and used it to screen 750 mutant mouse lines from five IMPC phenotyping centres. Mutants of five genes (Slc7a11, Rhbdl1, Spop, Ctc1 and Oxtr) were found to be associated with altered patterns of activity or food intake. By further studying the Slc7a11tm1a/tm1a mice, we confirmed its advanced activity phase phenotype in response to a simulated jetlag and skeleton photoperiod stimuli. Disruption of Slc7a11 affected the intercellular communication in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, suggesting a defect in synchronization of clock neurons. Our study has established a systematic phenotype analysis approach that can be used to uncover the mechanism of circadian entrainment in mice. Synchronization to environmental changes such as day and night cycles and seasonal cycles is critical for survival. Organisms have therefore evolved a specialized circadian system to anticipate and adapt to daily changes in the environment. Loss of synchrony between the internal circadian clock and environment day and night changes is responsible for jet lag, but may also promote sleep disorders, metabolic disorders and many diseases. The availability of large amounts of mouse data from the International Mouse Phenotype Consortium provides new opportunities to identify novel genetic components of mouse behaviour and metabolism. In this study, we performed a high-throughput identification of genetic components of circadian misalignment by developing a machine learning-based algorithm. By analyzing the indirect calorimetry parameters from more than 2000 C57BL/6N mice and mice from 750 mutant lines, we identified 5 genes involved in circadian misalignment of activity and feeding behaviour. Further analyzing genetic knock-out mice for one of these genes, we were able to validate our screening method by functional studies. Our systemic analysis thus paves the way for searching the genetic determinants for circadian misalignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pancheng Xie
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Dong
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dejing Pan
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengyun Huang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaocheng Zhai
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | | | - Allan Bradley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tania Sorg
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch, France
| | - Yann Herault
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch, France
| | - Martin Hrabe De Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Valerie Gailus Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Ann-Marie Mallon
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Steve D. M. Brown
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Terry Meehan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Damian Smedley
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K. C. Kent Lloyd
- School of Medicine and Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jun Yan
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Model Animal Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Model Animal Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Kuang Leo Wang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories (NARLabs), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jan Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (JR); (LY); (YX)
| | - Ling Yang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (JR); (LY); (YX)
| | - Ying Xu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JR); (LY); (YX)
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13
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Yuan Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Luo B, Zhang L, Zheng F, Li X, Guo L, Wang L, Jiang M, Pan Y, Yan Y, Yang J, Chen S, Wang J, Tang J. KPC1 alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in rat cardiomyocyte cells though BAX degradation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22921-22934. [PMID: 31148189 PMCID: PMC6771896 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bax triggers cell apoptosis by permeabilizing the outer mitochondrial membrane, leading to membrane potential loss and cytochrome c release. However, it is unclear if proteasomal degradation of Bax is involved in the apoptotic process, especially in heart ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury. In the present study, KPC1 expression was heightened in left ventricular cardiomyocytes of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), in I/R-myocardium in vivo and in hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocytes in vitro. Overexpression of KPC1 reduced infarction size and cell apoptosis in I/R rat hearts. Similarly, the forced expression of KPC1 restored mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cytochrome c release driven by H/R in H9c2 cells, whereas reducing cell apoptosis, and knockdown of KPC1 by short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) deteriorated cell apoptosis induced by H/R. Mechanistically, forced expression of KPC1 promoted Bax protein degradation, which was abolished by proteasome inhibitor MG132, suggesting that KPC1 promoted proteasomal degradation of Bax. Furthermore, KPC1 prevented basal and apoptotic stress-induced Bax translocation to mitochondria. Bax can be a novel target for the antiapoptotic effects of KPC1 on I/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and render mechanistic penetration into at least a subset of the mitochondrial effects of KPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiChina
- Institute of Biomedicine and Key Lab of Human Embryonic Stem Cell of Hubei ProvinceHubei University of MedicineHubeiChina
| | - Yong‐yi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Liu
- Laboratory Animal CenterHubeiChina
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine ScienceHubei University of MedicineHubeiChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiChina
- Institute of Biomedicine and Key Lab of Human Embryonic Stem Cell of Hubei ProvinceHubei University of MedicineHubeiChina
| | - Fei Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiChina
| | - Xing‐Yuan Li
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiChina
| | - Ling‐Yun Guo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiChina
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiChina
| | - Miao Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiChina
| | - Ya‐mu Pan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiChina
| | - Yu‐wen Yan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiChina
| | - Jian‐ye Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiChina
| | - Shi‐You Chen
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyThe University of GeorgiaAthensUSA
| | - Jia‐Ning Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiChina
- Institute of Biomedicine and Key Lab of Human Embryonic Stem Cell of Hubei ProvinceHubei University of MedicineHubeiChina
| | - Jun‐Ming Tang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiChina
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine ScienceHubei University of MedicineHubeiChina
- Institute of Biomedicine and Key Lab of Human Embryonic Stem Cell of Hubei ProvinceHubei University of MedicineHubeiChina
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14
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Vengayil V, Rashida Z, Laxman S. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Pib1 regulates effective gluconeogenic shutdown upon glucose availability. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17209-17223. [PMID: 31604822 PMCID: PMC6873170 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells use multiple mechanisms to regulate their metabolic states in response to changes in their nutrient environment. One example is the response of cells to glucose. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing in glucose-depleted medium, the re-availability of glucose leads to the down-regulation of gluconeogenesis and the activation of glycolysis, leading to "glucose repression." However, our knowledge of the mechanisms mediating the glucose-dependent down-regulation of the gluconeogenic transcription factors is limited. Using the major gluconeogenic transcription factor Rds2 as a candidate, we identify here a novel role for the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pib1 in regulating the stability and degradation of Rds2. Glucose addition to cells growing under glucose limitation results in a rapid ubiquitination of Rds2, followed by its proteasomal degradation. Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, we establish Pib1 as the ubiquitin E3 ligase that regulates Rds2 ubiquitination and stability. Notably, this Pib1-mediated Rds2 ubiquitination, followed by proteasomal degradation, is specific to the presence of glucose. This Pib1-mediated ubiquitination of Rds2 depends on the phosphorylation state of Rds2, suggesting a cross-talk between ubiquitination and phosphorylation to achieve a metabolic state change. Using stable isotope-based metabolic flux experiments, we find that the loss of Pib1 results in an imbalanced gluconeogenic state, regardless of glucose availability. Pib1 is required for complete glucose repression and enables cells to optimally grow in competitive environments when glucose again becomes available. Our results reveal the existence of a Pib1-mediated regulatory program that mediates glucose repression when glucose availability is restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeth Vengayil
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Zeenat Rashida
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sunil Laxman
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
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15
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Chen Y, He J, Su C, Wang H, Chen Y, Guo W, Li Y, Ding G. LINC00461 affects the survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma by acting as a competing endogenous RNA for microRNA‑942. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1924-1934. [PMID: 31545458 PMCID: PMC6775798 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of human miR‑942 in the sunitinib‑resistance of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A sunitinib‑resistant OS‑RC‑2 cell line was established by continuous exposure to increasing concentrations of sunitinib for ~12 weeks. The expression levels of four miRNAs were determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative (RT‑q)PCR. miR‑942 mimics were transfected into OS‑RC‑2 cells and RNA sequencing was performed on the miR‑942‑ and negative control‑transfected cells. Downregulated genes, including those of long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs, were identified. The target genes of miR‑942 were predicted, followed by protein‑protein interaction network construction and functional enrichment analyses of miR‑942 target genes. In addition, RCC RNA‑seq and miRNA‑seq data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The contributions of lncRNA and/or mRNAs to survival prediction were assessed and a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network consisting of miR‑942, lncRNA and mRNAs was constructed. The expression levels of LINC00461, miR‑942, spalt‑like transcription factor 1 (SALL1), methionyl aminopeptidase 1 (METAP1) and DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 1 (DCAF11) were verified using RT‑qPCR. The role of LINC00461 in cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The expression level of miR‑942 was significantly increased in sunitinib‑resistant cells. A total of seven lncRNAs and 155 mRNAs were predicted as target genes of miR‑942 in the miR‑942 mimic‑treated samples, compared with the mimic control‑treated group. These potential target genes were significantly associated with 'protein binding', 'TNF‑β signaling pathway', 'negative transcriptional regulation' and 'RNA binding'. Through the integrated analysis of RNA‑sequencing and TCGA data, an miR‑942‑related ceRNA network, which was predicted to significantly affect the survival of patients with RCC, was constructed. The expression levels of lncRNA LINC00461 and the genes SALL1, METAP1, and DCAF11 were further verified. The viability of OS‑RC‑2 cells was decreased following co‑transfection with miR‑942 mimics and LINC00641 siRNA, and was comparable to that of wild type OS‑RC‑2 cells (P>0.05). Therefore, lncRNA LINC00461 may act as an miR‑942 ceRNA, and affect the survival of patients with RCC by regulating the expression of SALL1, METAP1 and DCAF11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Chen
- Department of Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jinkui He
- Department of Urology, Yiwu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yiwu 322000, P.R. China
| | - Changju Su
- Department of Urology, Yiwu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yiwu 322000, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yuanlei Chen
- Department of Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, P.R. China
| | - Yining Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Ding
- Department of Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, P.R. China
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16
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Iwai K. Regulation of cellular iron metabolism: Iron-dependent degradation of IRP by SCF FBXL5 ubiquitin ligase. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:64-68. [PMID: 30218771 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Because of essentiality and toxicity of iron in our body, iron metabolism is tightly regulated in cells. In mammalian cells, iron regulatory protein 1 and 2 (IRP1 and IRP2) are the central regulators of cellular iron metabolism. IRPs regulate iron metabolism by interacting with the RNA stem-loop structures, iron-responsive elements (IREs), found on the transcripts encoding proteins involved in iron metabolism only in iron depleted condition. It is also well-known that the ubiquitin system plays central roles in cellular iron regulation because both IRPs having the IRE binding activity are recognized and ubiquitinated by the SCFFBXL5 ubiquitin ligase in condition of iron-replete. FBXL5, which is a substrate recognition subunit of SCFFBXL5, senses iron availability via its hemerythrin-like domain. In this small article, current understanding of the roles of SCFFBXL5-mediated degradation of IRPs played in cellular iron metabolism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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17
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Furniss JJ, Grey H, Wang Z, Nomoto M, Jackson L, Tada Y, Spoel SH. Proteasome-associated HECT-type ubiquitin ligase activity is required for plant immunity. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007447. [PMID: 30458055 PMCID: PMC6286022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated degradation of proteins by the 26S proteasome plays important roles in maintenance and signalling in eukaryotic cells. Proteins are marked for degradation by the action of E3 ligases that site-specifically modify their substrates by adding chains of ubiquitin. Innate immune signalling in plants is deeply reliant on the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system. While progress has been made in understanding substrate ubiquitination during plant immunity, how these substrates are processed upon arrival at the proteasome remains unclear. Here we show that specific members of the HECT domain-containing family of ubiquitin protein ligases (UPL) play important roles in proteasomal substrate processing during plant immunity. Mutations in UPL1, UPL3 and UPL5 significantly diminished immune responses activated by the immune hormone salicylic acid (SA). In depth analyses of upl3 mutants indicated that these plants were impaired in reprogramming of nearly the entire SA-induced transcriptome and failed to establish immunity against a hemi-biotrophic pathogen. UPL3 was found to physically interact with the regulatory particle of the proteasome and with other ubiquitin-26S proteasome pathway components. In agreement, we demonstrate that UPL3 enabled proteasomes to form polyubiquitin chains, thereby regulating total cellular polyubiquitination levels. Taken together, our findings suggest that proteasome-associated ubiquitin ligase activity of UPL3 promotes proteasomal processivity and is indispensable for development of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Furniss
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Grey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zhishuo Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Nomoto
- The Center for Gene Research, Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Lorna Jackson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- The Center for Gene Research, Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Steven H. Spoel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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18
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He ZJ, Li W, Chen H, Wen J, Gao YF, Liu YJ. miR-1306-3p targets FBXL5 to promote metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through suppressing snail degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:820-826. [PMID: 30219228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the effect of miR-1306-3p on metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and potential mechanism involved. miR-1306-3p promoted migration and invasion of HCC in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, miR-1306-3p inhibited snail to enhance its expression via directly targeting FBXL5, thus inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC. Intriguingly, miR-1306-3p expression was transcriptionally enhanced by FoxM1. Consistently, miR-1306-3p was upregulated in HCC compared with paracarcinoma and correlated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. Our researches suggest that miR-1306-3p is a tumor enhancer in regulating of HCC metastasis, and miR-1306-3p may be clinically utilized as a factor for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jiang He
- Department of Oncology 2, The People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Oncology 2, The People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Oncology 2, The People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jian Wen
- Department of Oncology 2, The People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yan-Feng Gao
- Department of Oncology 2, The People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- Department of Oncology 2, The People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, PR China
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19
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Song T, Liang S, Liu J, Zhang T, Yin Y, Geng C, Gao S, Feng Y, Xu H, Guo D, Roberts A, Gu Y, Cang Y. CRL4 antagonizes SCFFbxo7-mediated turnover of cereblon and BK channel to regulate learning and memory. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007165. [PMID: 29370161 PMCID: PMC5800687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID), one of the most common human developmental disorders, can be caused by genetic mutations in Cullin 4B (Cul4B) and cereblon (CRBN). CRBN is a substrate receptor for the Cul4A/B-DDB1 ubiquitin ligase (CRL4) and can target voltage- and calcium-activated BK channel for ER retention. Here we report that ID-associated CRL4CRBN mutations abolish the interaction of the BK channel with CRL4, and redirect the BK channel to the SCFFbxo7 ubiquitin ligase for proteasomal degradation. Glioma cell lines harbouring CRBN mutations record density-dependent decrease of BK currents, which can be restored by blocking Cullin ubiquitin ligase activity. Importantly, mice with neuron-specific deletion of DDB1 or CRBN express reduced BK protein levels in the brain, and exhibit similar impairment in learning and memory, a deficit that can be partially rescued by activating the BK channel. Our results reveal a competitive targeting of the BK channel by two ubiquitin ligases to achieve exquisite control of its stability, and support changes in neuronal excitability as a common pathogenic mechanism underlying CRL4CRBN-associated ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Song
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenghui Liang
- Translational and Regenerative Medicine Center, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jiye Liu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingyue Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifei Yin
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenlu Geng
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaobing Gao
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - Dongqing Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - Amanda Roberts
- Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yuchun Gu
- Translational and Regenerative Medicine Center, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (YC); (YG)
| | - Yong Cang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (YG)
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20
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Frattini C, Villa-Hernández S, Pellicanò G, Jossen R, Katou Y, Shirahige K, Bermejo R. Cohesin Ubiquitylation and Mobilization Facilitate Stalled Replication Fork Dynamics. Mol Cell 2017; 68:758-772.e4. [PMID: 29129641 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Replication fork integrity is challenged in conditions of stress and protected by the Mec1/ATR checkpoint to preserve genome stability. Still poorly understood in fork protection is the role played by the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) cohesin complex. We uncovered a role for the Rsp5Bul2 ubiquitin ligase in promoting survival to replication stress by preserving stalled fork integrity. Rsp5Bul2 physically interacts with cohesin and the Mec1 kinase, thus promoting checkpoint-dependent cohesin ubiquitylation and cohesin-mediated fork protection. Ubiquitylation mediated by Rsp5Bul2 promotes cohesin mobilization from chromatin neighboring stalled forks, likely by stimulating the Cdc48/p97 ubiquitin-selective segregase, and its timely association to nascent chromatids. This Rsp5Bul2 fork protection mechanism requires the Wpl1 cohesin mobilizer as well as the function of the Eco1 acetyltransferase securing sister chromatid entrapment. Our data indicate that ubiquitylation facilitates cohesin dynamic interfacing with replication forks within a mechanism preserving stalled-fork functional architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Frattini
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Villa-Hernández
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Grazia Pellicanò
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rachel Jossen
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Yuki Katou
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rodrigo Bermejo
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Gabrielsen M, Buetow L, Nakasone MA, Ahmed SF, Sibbet GJ, Smith BO, Zhang W, Sidhu SS, Huang DT. A General Strategy for Discovery of Inhibitors and Activators of RING and U-box E3 Ligases with Ubiquitin Variants. Mol Cell 2017; 68:456-470.e10. [PMID: 29053960 PMCID: PMC5655547 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RING and U-box E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate diverse eukaryotic processes and have been implicated in numerous diseases, but targeting these enzymes remains a major challenge. We report the development of three ubiquitin variants (UbVs), each binding selectively to the RING or U-box domain of a distinct E3 ligase: monomeric UBE4B, phosphorylated active CBL, or dimeric XIAP. Structural and biochemical analyses revealed that UbVs specifically inhibited the activity of UBE4B or phosphorylated CBL by blocking the E2∼Ub binding site. Surprisingly, the UbV selective for dimeric XIAP formed a dimer to stimulate E3 activity by stabilizing the closed E2∼Ub conformation. We further verified the inhibitory and stimulatory functions of UbVs in cells. Our work provides a general strategy to inhibit or activate RING/U-box E3 ligases and provides a resource for the research community to modulate these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Gabrielsen
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lori Buetow
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Mark A Nakasone
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Syed Feroj Ahmed
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gary J Sibbet
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Brian O Smith
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Wei Zhang
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada.
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada.
| | - Danny T Huang
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
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22
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Du M, Zhang Q, Bai L. Three distinct mechanisms of long-distance modulation of gene expression in yeast. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006736. [PMID: 28426659 PMCID: PMC5417705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent Hi-C measurements have revealed numerous intra- and inter-chromosomal interactions in various eukaryotic cells. To what extent these interactions regulate gene expression is not clear. This question is particularly intriguing in budding yeast because it has extensive long-distance chromosomal interactions but few cases of gene regulation over-a-distance. Here, we developed a medium-throughput assay to screen for functional long-distance interactions that affect the average expression level of a reporter gene as well as its cell-to-cell variability (noise). We ectopically inserted an insulated MET3 promoter (MET3pr) flanked by ~1kb invariable sequences into thousands of genomic loci, allowing it to make contacts with different parts of the genome, and assayed the MET3pr activity in single cells. Changes of MET3pr activity in this case necessarily involve mechanisms that function over a distance. MET3pr has similar activities at most locations. However, at some locations, they deviate from the norm and exhibit three distinct patterns including low expression / high noise, low expression / low noise, and high expression / low noise. We provided evidence that these three patterns of MET3pr expression are caused by Sir2-mediated silencing, transcriptional interference, and 3D clustering. The clustering also occurs in the native genome and enhances the transcription of endogenous Met4-targeted genes. Overall, our results demonstrate that a small fraction of long-distance chromosomal interactions can affect gene expression in yeast. Eukaryotic transcription occurs within the nucleus where DNA is packaged into high order chromosome structures. Some long-distance chromosomal interactions play an important role in gene regulation in higher eukaryotic species, such as mouse and human. In budding yeast, gene expression is traditionally thought to be regulated over short distances because the upstream regulatory sequences (URSs) are usually located close to the core promoters. However, recent chromosome conformation capture experiments have detected numerous long-distance chromosomal interactions in the yeast genome. The function of these interactions in gene regulation remains unclear. Here, we developed a new assay to screen for long-distance interactions that affect the activity of a reporter gene. We found three regulatory mechanisms that act from a distance: silencing, transcriptional interference, and 3D clustering, which alter expression level of the reporter gene as well as its cell-to-cell variability. Our results demonstrate that transcription in budding yeast, similar to transcription in higher eukaryotes, can be regulated over long distances. We anticipate our assay can be used as a general platform to screen for functional long-distance chromosomal interactions that affect gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States of America
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, State College, United States of America
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States of America
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, State College, United States of America
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States of America
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, State College, United States of America
- Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Copeland C, Woloshen V, Huang Y, Li X. AtCDC48A is involved in the turnover of an NLR immune receptor. Plant J 2016; 88:294-305. [PMID: 27340941 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants rely on different immune receptors to recognize pathogens and defend against pathogen attacks. Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins play a major role as intracellular immune receptors. Their homeostasis must be maintained at optimal levels in order to effectively recognize pathogens without causing autoimmunity. Previous studies have shown that the activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system is essential to prevent excessive accumulation of NLR proteins such as Suppressor of NPR1, Constitutive 1 (SNC1). Attenuation of the ubiquitin E3 ligase SCFCPR1 (Constitutive expressor of Pathogenesis Related genes 1) or the E4 protein MUSE3 (Mutant, SNC1-Enhancing 3) leads to NLR accumulation and autoimmunity. In the current study, we report the identification of AtCDC48A as a negative regulator of NLR-mediated immunity. Plants carrying Atcdc48A-4, a partial loss-of-function allele of AtCDC48A, exhibit dwarf morphology and enhanced disease resistance to the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (H.a.) Noco2. The SNC1 level is increased in Atcdc48A-4 plants and AtCDC48A interacts with MUSE3 in co-immunoprecipitation experiments, supporting a role for AtCDC48A in NLR turnover. While Arabidopsis contains four other paralogs of AtCDC48A, knockout mutants of these genes do not show obvious immunity-related phenotypes, suggesting functional divergence within this family. As an AAA-ATPase, AtCDC48A likely serves to process the poly-ubiquitinated NLR substrate for final protein degradation by the 26S proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Copeland
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Virginia Woloshen
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yan Huang
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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24
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Min HJ, Jung YJ, Kang BG, Kim WT. CaPUB1, a Hot Pepper U-box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, Confers Enhanced Cold Stress Tolerance and Decreased Drought Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Mol Cells 2016; 39:250-7. [PMID: 26674966 PMCID: PMC4794607 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as drought and low temperature critically restrict plant growth, reproduction, and productivity. Higher plants have developed various defense strategies against these unfavorable conditions. CaPUB1 (Capsicum annuum Putative U-box protein 1) is a hot pepper U-box E3 Ub ligase. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants that constitutively expressed CaPUB1 exhibited drought-sensitive phenotypes, suggesting that it functions as a negative regulator of the drought stress response. In this study, CaPUB1 was over-expressed in rice (Oryza sativa L.), and the phenotypic properties of transgenic rice plants were examined in terms of their drought and cold stress tolerance. Ubi:CaPUB1 T3 transgenic rice plants displayed phenotypes hypersensitive to dehydration, suggesting that its role in the negative regulation of drought stress response is conserved in dicot Arabidopsis and monocot rice plants. In contrast, Ubi:CaPUB1 progeny exhibited phenotypes markedly tolerant to prolonged low temperature (4°C) treatment, compared to those of wild-type plants, as determined by survival rates, electrolyte leakage, and total chlorophyll content. Cold stress-induced marker genes, including DREB1A, DREB1B, DREB1C, and Cytochrome P450, were more up-regulated by cold treatment in Ubi:CaPUB1 plants than in wild-type plants. These results suggest that CaPUB1 serves as both a negative regulator of the drought stress response and a positive regulator of the cold stress response in transgenic rice plants. This raises the possibility that CaPUB1 participates in the cross-talk between drought and low-temperature signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jo Min
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749,
Korea
| | - Ye Jin Jung
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749,
Korea
| | - Bin Goo Kang
- ReSEAT Program, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Seoul 130-741,
Korea
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749,
Korea
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25
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Abstract
Abundance of substrate receptor subunits of Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) is tightly controlled to maintain the full repertoire of CRLs. Unbalanced levels can lead to sequestration of CRL core components by a few overabundant substrate receptors. Numerous diseases, including cancer, have been associated with misregulation of substrate receptor components, particularly for the largest class of CRLs, the SCF ligases. One relevant mechanism that controls abundance of their substrate receptors, the F-box proteins, is autocatalytic ubiquitylation by intact SCF complex followed by proteasome-mediated degradation. Here we describe an additional pathway for regulation of F-box proteins on the example of yeast Met30. This ubiquitylation and degradation pathway acts on Met30 that is dissociated from Skp1. Unexpectedly, this pathway required the cullin component Cdc53/Cul1 but was independent of the other central SCF component Skp1. We demonstrated that this non-canonical degradation pathway is critical for chromosome stability and effective defense against heavy metal stress. More importantly, our results assign important biological functions to a sub-complex of cullin-RING ligases that comprises Cdc53/Rbx1/Cdc34, but is independent of Skp1. Protein ubiquitylation is the covalent attachment of the small protein ubiquitin onto other proteins and is a key regulatory pathway for most biological processes. The central components of the ubiquitylation process are the E3 ligases, which recognize substrate proteins. The best-studied E3 complexes are the SCF ligases, which are composed of 3 core components—Cdc53, Skp1, Rbx1—that assemble to the functional ligase complex by binding to one of the multiple substrate adaptors—the F-box proteins. Maintaining a balanced repertoire of diverse SCF complexes that represent the entire cellular panel of substrate adapters is challenging. Depending on the cell type, hundreds of different F-box proteins can compete for the single binding site on the common SCF core complex. Rapid degradation of F-box proteins helps in maintaining a critical level of unoccupied Cdc53/Skp1/Rbx1 core, complexes and alterations in levels of F-box proteins has been linked to diseases including cancer. Studying the yeast F-box protein Met30 as a model, we have uncovered a novel mechanism for degradation of F-box proteins. This pathway targets free F-box proteins and requires part of the SCF core. These findings add an additional layer to our understanding of regulation of multisubunit E3 ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Mathur
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - James L. Yen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Peter Kaiser
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Greenfeld H, Takasaki K, Walsh MJ, Ersing I, Bernhardt K, Ma Y, Fu B, Ashbaugh CW, Cabo J, Mollo SB, Zhou H, Li S, Gewurz BE. TRAF1 Coordinates Polyubiquitin Signaling to Enhance Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1-Mediated Growth and Survival Pathway Activation. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004890. [PMID: 25996949 PMCID: PMC4440769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded oncoprotein Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) signals through two C-terminal tail domains to drive cell growth, survival and transformation. The LMP1 membrane-proximal TES1/CTAR1 domain recruits TRAFs to activate MAP kinase, non-canonical and canonical NF-kB pathways, and is critical for EBV-mediated B-cell transformation. TRAF1 is amongst the most highly TES1-induced target genes and is abundantly expressed in EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. We found that TRAF1 expression enhanced LMP1 TES1 domain-mediated activation of the p38, JNK, ERK and canonical NF-kB pathways, but not non-canonical NF-kB pathway activity. To gain insights into how TRAF1 amplifies LMP1 TES1 MAP kinase and canonical NF-kB pathways, we performed proteomic analysis of TRAF1 complexes immuno-purified from cells uninduced or induced for LMP1 TES1 signaling. Unexpectedly, we found that LMP1 TES1 domain signaling induced an association between TRAF1 and the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), and stimulated linear (M1)-linked polyubiquitin chain attachment to TRAF1 complexes. LMP1 or TRAF1 complexes isolated from EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid B cell lines (LCLs) were highly modified by M1-linked polyubiqutin chains. The M1-ubiquitin binding proteins IKK-gamma/NEMO, A20 and ABIN1 each associate with TRAF1 in cells that express LMP1. TRAF2, but not the cIAP1 or cIAP2 ubiquitin ligases, plays a key role in LUBAC recruitment and M1-chain attachment to TRAF1 complexes, implicating the TRAF1:TRAF2 heterotrimer in LMP1 TES1-dependent LUBAC activation. Depletion of either TRAF1, or the LUBAC ubiquitin E3 ligase subunit HOIP, markedly impaired LCL growth. Likewise, LMP1 or TRAF1 complexes purified from LCLs were decorated by lysine 63 (K63)-linked polyubiqutin chains. LMP1 TES1 signaling induced K63-polyubiquitin chain attachment to TRAF1 complexes, and TRAF2 was identified as K63-Ub chain target. Co-localization of M1- and K63-linked polyubiquitin chains on LMP1 complexes may facilitate downstream canonical NF-kB pathway activation. Our results highlight LUBAC as a novel potential therapeutic target in EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. The linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC) plays crucial roles in immune receptor-mediated NF-kB and MAP kinase pathway activation. Comparatively little is known about the extent to which microbial pathogens use LUBAC to activate downstream pathways. We demonstrate that TRAF1 enhances EBV oncoprotein LMP1 TES1/CTAR1 domain mediated MAP kinase and canonical NF-kB activation. LMP1 TES1 signaling induces association between TRAF1 and LUBAC, and triggers M1-polyubiquitin chain attachment to TRAF1 complexes. TRAF1 and LMP1 complexes are decorated by M1-polyubiquitin chains in LCL extracts. TRAF2 plays a key role in LMP1-induced LUBAC recruitment and M1-chain attachment to TRAF1 complexes. TRAF1 and LMP1 complexes are modified by lysine 63-linked polyubiquitin chains in LCL extracts, and TRAF2 is a target of LMP1-induced K63-ubiquitin chain attachment. Thus, the TRAF1:TRAF2 heterotrimer may coordinate ubiquitin signaling downstream of TES1. Depletion of TRAF1 or the LUBAC subunit HOIP impairs LCL growth and survival. Thus, although TRAF1 is the only TRAF without a RING finger ubiquitin ligase domain, TRAF1 nonetheless has important roles in ubiqutin-mediated signal transduction downstream of LMP1. Our work suggests that LUBAC is important for EBV-driven B-cell proliferation, and suggests that LUBAC may be a novel therapeutic target in EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Greenfeld
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kaoru Takasaki
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Walsh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ina Ersing
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katharina Bernhardt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yijie Ma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bishi Fu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Camille W. Ashbaugh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jackson Cabo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah B. Mollo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hufeng Zhou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shitao Li
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Benjamin E. Gewurz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The complexity of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC), the major ubiquitin ligase in mitotic control, has been puzzling investigators ever since its discovery. Recent biochemical and genetic studies have now provided insights not only into the architecture of the complex, but also into how activators are recruited to the APC. In this article, we discuss the implications of these findings on our current understanding of APC activation.
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Abstract
The APC/C(Cdh1) (anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome) targets numerous cell cycle proteins for ubiquitin mediated degradation in late mitosis and G1. The KEN box is one of two major recognition motifs of APC/C(Cdh1) substrates. This motif is however very common and shared by a tenth of the human proteome, the vast majority of which are obviously not APC/C substrates. We have observed that most known functional KEN boxes are followed by a proline residue and show that this proline plays a role in APC/C(Cdh1) specific degradation. This insight can be instrumental for identifying novel APC/C(Cdh1) substrates. We used this KENxP motif to identify human Aurora B and Kid as APC/C(Cdh1) substrates. The degradation of Xenopus XKid at metaphase by APC/C(Cdc20) is essential for chromatid segregation. Human Kid in contrast is degraded later and its APC/C(Cdh1) specific degradation is not required for mitotic progress. It is thus likely that Kid inactivation in G1 takes place both by nuclear sequestration and degradation by the APC/C(Cdh1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Feine
- The Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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29
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Min CK, Kwon YJ, Ha NY, Cho BA, Kim JM, Kwon EK, Kim YS, Choi MS, Kim IS, Cho NH. Multiple Orientia tsutsugamushi ankyrin repeat proteins interact with SCF1 ubiquitin ligase complex and eukaryotic elongation factor 1 α. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105652. [PMID: 25166298 PMCID: PMC4148323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, is an obligate intracellular bacterium. Previously, a large number of genes that encode proteins containing eukaryotic protein-protein interaction motifs such as ankyrin-repeat (Ank) domains were identified in the O. tsutsugamushi genome. However, little is known about the Ank protein function in O. tsutsugamushi. Methodology/Principal Findings To characterize the function of Ank proteins, we investigated a group of Ank proteins containing an F-box–like domain in the C-terminus in addition to the Ank domains. All nine selected ank genes were expressed at the transcriptional level in host cells infected with O. tsutsugamushi, and specific antibody responses against three Ank proteins were detected in the serum from human patients, indicating an active expression of the bacterial Ank proteins post infection. When ectopically expressed in HeLa cells, the Ank proteins of O. tsutsugamushi were consistently found in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm. In GST pull-down assays, multiple Ank proteins specifically interacted with Cullin1 and Skp1, core components of the SCF1 ubiquitin ligase complex, as well as the eukaryotic elongation factor 1 α (EF1α). Moreover, one Ank protein co-localized with the identified host targets and induced downregulation of EF1α potentially via enhanced ubiquitination. The downregulation of EF1α was observed consistently in diverse host cell types infected with O. tsutsugamushi. Conclusion/Significance These results suggest that conserved targeting and subsequent degradation of EF1α by multiple O. tsutsugamushi Ank proteins could be a novel bacterial strategy for replication and/or pathogenesis during mammalian host infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Ki Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Jin Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-A Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo-Min Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sik Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Sang Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Hiraishi H, Mochizuki M, Takagi H. Enhancement of Stress Tolerance inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeby Overexpression of Ubiquitin Ligase Rsp5 and Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:2762-5. [PMID: 17090950 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells overexpressing essential ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 or ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubc1-Ubc13) showed tolerance to various stresses. Co-overexpression of Rsp5 and Ubc1, Ubc2, Ubc3, Ubc5, Ubc6, Ubc9, Ubc10, Ubc11, Ubc12, or Ubc13 further enhanced stress tolerance. These results suggest that overexpression of ubiquitin-related enzymes might be a useful method for breeding novel stress-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hiraishi
- Bio-Oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution (BRAIN), Japan
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31
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Huang Y, Minaker S, Roth C, Huang S, Hieter P, Lipka V, Wiermer M, Li X. An E4 ligase facilitates polyubiquitination of plant immune receptor resistance proteins in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2014; 26:485-96. [PMID: 24449689 PMCID: PMC3963591 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.119057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Proteins with nucleotide binding and leucine-rich repeat domains (NLRs) serve as immune receptors in animals and plants that recognize pathogens and activate downstream defense responses. As high accumulation of NLRs can result in unwarranted autoimmune responses, their cellular concentrations must be tightly regulated. However, the molecular mechanisms of this process are poorly detailed. The F-box protein Constitutive expressor of PR genes 1 (CPR1) was previously identified as a component of a Skp1, Cullin1, F-box protein E3 complex that targets NLRs, including Suppressor of NPR1, Constitutive 1 (SNC1) and Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae 2 (RPS2), for ubiquitination and further protein degradation. From a forward genetic screen, we identified Mutant, snc1-enhancing 3 (MUSE3), an E4 ubiquitin ligase involved in polyubiquitination of its protein targets. Knocking out MUSE3 in Arabidopsis thaliana results in increased levels of NLRs, including SNC1 and RPS2, whereas overexpressing MUSE3 together with CPR1 enhances polyubiquitination and protein degradation of these immune receptors. This report on the functional role of an E4 ligase in plants provides insight into the scarcely understood NLR degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sean Minaker
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Charlotte Roth
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Shuai Huang
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Philip Hieter
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Volker Lipka
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Wiermer
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Address correspondence to
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32
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Bandura JL, Jiang H, Nickerson DW, Edgar BA. The molecular chaperone Hsp90 is required for cell cycle exit in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003835. [PMID: 24086162 PMCID: PMC3784567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordination of cell proliferation and differentiation is crucial for proper development. In particular, robust mechanisms exist to ensure that cells permanently exit the cell cycle upon terminal differentiation, and these include restraining the activities of both the E2F/DP transcription factor and Cyclin/Cdk kinases. However, the full complement of mechanisms necessary to restrain E2F/DP and Cyclin/Cdk activities in differentiating cells are not known. Here, we have performed a genetic screen in Drosophila melanogaster, designed to identify genes required for cell cycle exit. This screen utilized a PCNA-miniwhite+ reporter that is highly E2F-responsive and results in a darker red eye color when crossed into genetic backgrounds that delay cell cycle exit. Mutation of Hsp83, the Drosophila homolog of mammalian Hsp90, results in increased E2F-dependent transcription and ectopic cell proliferation in pupal tissues at a time when neighboring wild-type cells are postmitotic. Further, these Hsp83 mutant cells have increased Cyclin/Cdk activity and accumulate proteins normally targeted for proteolysis by the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), suggesting that APC/C function is inhibited. Indeed, reducing the gene dosage of an inhibitor of Cdh1/Fzr, an activating subunit of the APC/C that is required for timely cell cycle exit, can genetically suppress the Hsp83 cell cycle exit phenotype. Based on these data, we propose that Cdh1/Fzr is a client protein of Hsp83. Our results reveal that Hsp83 plays a heretofore unappreciated role in promoting APC/C function during cell cycle exit and suggest a mechanism by which Hsp90 inhibition could promote genomic instability and carcinogenesis. Cells must permanently stop dividing when they terminally differentiate for development to occur normally. Maintenance of this postmitotic state is also important, as unscheduled proliferation of differentiated cells can result in cancer. To identify genes important for restraining cell proliferation during terminal differentiation, we performed a genetic screen in Drosophila and found that mutation of Hsp90 caused ectopic cell proliferation in differentiating tissues. Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that is essential for viability in all eukaryotes and has been shown to facilitate the activity of hundreds of “client” proteins. Indeed, several inhibitors of Hsp90 are currently being tested in clinical trials for use as anti-cancer therapeutics due to their ability to silence multiple client oncoproteins simultaneously. Our data suggest that Hsp90 is necessary to halt cell proliferation during differentiation because the protein Cdh1, which is required for normal cell cycle exit, may be a client of Hsp90. As reduced Cdh1 function results in genomic instability and tumorigenesis, our work highlights the need to design more precisely targeted Hsp90 inhibitors for use as cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Bandura
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) – Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg (ZMBH) Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Huaqi Jiang
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Derek W. Nickerson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Edgar
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) – Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg (ZMBH) Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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33
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Zhou L, Yang Y, Zhang J, Guo X, Bi Y, Li X, Zhang P, Zhang J, Lin M, Zhou Z, Shen R, Guo X, Huo R, Ling X, Sha J. The role of RING box protein 1 in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68964. [PMID: 23874827 PMCID: PMC3708900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RING box protein-1 (RBX1) is an essential component of Skp1-cullin-F-box protein (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase and participates in diverse cellular processes by targeting various substrates for degradation. However, the physiological function of RBX1 in mouse oocyte maturation remains unknown. Here, we examined the expression, localization and function of RBX1 during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that RBX1 displayed dynamic distribution during the maturation process: it localized around and migrated along with the spindle and condensed chromosomes. Rbx1 knockdown with the appropriate siRNAs led to a decreased rate of first polar body extrusion and most oocytes were arrested at metaphase I. Moreover, downregulation of Rbx1 caused accumulation of Emi1, an inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), which is required for mouse meiotic maturation. In addition, we found apparently increased expression of the homologue disjunction-associated protein securin and cyclin B1, which are substrates of APC/C E3 ligase and need to be degraded for meiotic progression. These results indicate the essential role of the SCFβTrCP-EMI1-APC/C axis in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. In conclusion, we provide evidence for the indispensable role of RBX1 in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuomin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xirong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (RH); (XL)
| | - Xiufeng Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (RH); (XL)
| | - Jiahao Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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34
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Ferrández-Ayela A, Alonso-Peral MM, Sánchez-García AB, Micol-Ponce R, Pérez-Pérez JM, Micol JL, Ponce MR. Arabidopsis TRANSCURVATA1 encodes NUP58, a component of the nucleopore central channel. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67661. [PMID: 23840761 PMCID: PMC3695937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective trafficking of proteins and RNAs through the nuclear envelope regulates nuclear-cytoplasmic segregation of macromolecules and is mediated by nucleopore complexes (NPCs), which consist of about 400 nucleoporins (Nups) of about 30 types. Extensive studies of nucleoporin function in yeast and vertebrates showed that Nups function in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and other processes. However, limited studies of plant Nups have identified only a few mutations, which cause pleiotropic phenotypes including reduced growth and early flowering. Here, we describe loss-of-function alleles of Arabidopsis TRANSCURVATA1 (TCU1); these mutations cause increased hypocotyl and petiole length, reticulate and asymmetrically epinastic leaf laminae of reduced size, and early flowering. TCU1 is transcribed in all of the organs and tissues examined, and encodes the putative ortholog of yeast and vertebrate Nup58, a nucleoporin of the Nup62 subcomplex. Nup58 forms the central channel of the NPC and acts directly in translocation of proteins through the nuclear envelope in yeast and vertebrates. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays identified physical interactions between TCU1/NUP58 and 34 proteins, including nucleoporins, SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box) ubiquitin ligase complex components and other nucleoplasm proteins. Genetic interactions were also found between TCU1 and genes encoding nucleoporins, soluble nuclear transport receptors and components of the ubiquitin-proteasome and auxin signaling pathways. These genetic and physical interactions indicate that TCU1/NUP58 is a member of the Nup62 subcomplex of the Arabidopsis NPC. Our findings also suggest regulatory roles for TCU1/NUP58 beyond its function in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, a hypothesis that is supported by the Y2H and genetic interactions that we observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosa Micol-Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - María Rosa Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Zhang Z, Yang J, Kong EH, Chao WCH, Morris EP, da Fonseca PCA, Barford D. Recombinant expression, reconstitution and structure of human anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C). Biochem J 2013; 449:365-71. [PMID: 23078409 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic and structural studies of large multi-subunit assemblies are greatly facilitated by their reconstitution in heterologous recombinant systems. In the present paper, we describe the generation of recombinant human APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates cell-cycle progression. Human APC/C is composed of 14 distinct proteins that assemble into a complex of at least 19 subunits with a combined molecular mass of ~1.2 MDa. We show that recombinant human APC/C is correctly assembled, as judged by its capacity to ubiquitinate the budding yeast APC/C substrate Hsl1 (histone synthetic lethal 1) dependent on the APC/C co-activator Cdh1 [Cdc (cell division cycle) 20 homologue 1], and its three-dimensional reconstruction by electron microscopy and single-particle analysis. Successful reconstitution validates the subunit composition of human APC/C. The structure of human APC/C is compatible with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae APC/C homology model, and in contrast with endogenous human APC/C, no evidence for conformational flexibility of the TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat) lobe is observed. Additional density present in the human APC/C structure, proximal to Apc3/Cdc27 of the TPR lobe, is assigned to the TPR subunit Apc7, a subunit specific to vertebrate APC/C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziguo Zhang
- Division of Structural Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
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Lara-Gonzalez P, Taylor SS. Cohesion fatigue explains why pharmacological inhibition of the APC/C induces a spindle checkpoint-dependent mitotic arrest. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49041. [PMID: 23145059 PMCID: PMC3492190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) delays the onset of anaphase in response to unattached kinetochores by inhibiting the activity of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Once all the chromosomes have bioriented, SAC signalling is somehow silenced, which allows progression through mitosis. Recent studies suggest that the APC/C itself participates in SAC silencing by targeting an unknown factor for proteolytic degradation. Key evidence in favour of this model comes from the use of proTAME, a small molecule inhibitor of the APC/C. In cells, proTAME causes a mitotic arrest that is SAC-dependent. Even though this observation comes at odds with the current view that the APC/C acts downstream of the SAC, it was nonetheless argued that these results revealed a role for APC/C activity in SAC silencing. However, we show here that the mitotic arrest induced by proTAME is due to the induction of cohesion fatigue, a phenotype that is caused by the loss of sister chromatid cohesion following a prolonged metaphase. Under these conditions, the SAC is re-activated and APC/C inhibition is maintained independently of proTAME. Therefore, these results provide a simpler explanation for why the proTAME-induced mitotic arrest is also dependent on the SAC. While these observations question the notion that the APC/C is required for SAC silencing, we nevertheless show that APC/C activity does partially contribute to its own release from inhibitory complexes, and importantly, this does not depend on proteasome-mediated degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen S. Taylor
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Zage PE, Sirisaengtaksin N, Liu Y, Gireud M, Brown BS, Palla S, Richards KN, Hughes DPM, Bean AJ. UBE4B levels are correlated with clinical outcomes in neuroblastoma patients and with altered neuroblastoma cell proliferation and sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Cancer 2012; 119:915-23. [PMID: 22990745 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The UBE4B gene, which is located on chromosome 1p36, encodes a ubiquitin ligase that interacts with hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs), a protein involved in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) trafficking, suggesting a link between EGFR trafficking and neuroblastoma pathogenesis. The authors analyzed the roles of UBE4B in the outcomes of patients with neuroblastoma and in neuroblastoma tumor cell proliferation, EGFR trafficking, and response to EGFR inhibition. METHODS The association between UBE4B expression and the survival of patients with neuroblastoma was examined using available microarray data sets. UBE4B and EGFR protein levels were measured in patient tumor samples, EGFR degradation rates were measured in neuroblastoma cell lines, and the effects of UBE4B on neuroblastoma tumor cell growth were analyzed. The effects of the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab were examined in neuroblastoma cells that expressed wild-type and mutant UBE4B. RESULTS Low UBE4B gene expression is associated with poor outcomes in patients with neuroblastoma. UBE4B overexpression reduced neuroblastoma tumor cell proliferation, and UBE4B expression was inversely related to EGFR expression in tumor samples. EGFR degradation rates correlated with cellular UBE4B levels. Enhanced expression of catalytically active UBE4B resulted in reduced sensitivity to EGFR inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrates associations between UBE4B expression and the outcomes of patients with neuroblastoma and between UBE4B and EGFR expression in neuroblastoma tumor samples. Moreover, levels of UBE4B influence neuroblastoma tumor cell proliferation, EGFR degradation, and response to EGFR inhibition. These results suggest UBE4B-mediated growth factor receptor trafficking may contribute to the poor prognosis of patients who have neuroblastoma tumors with 1p36 deletions and that UBE4B expression may be a marker that can predict responses of neuroblastoma tumors to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Zage
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Cromer L, Heyman J, Touati S, Harashima H, Araou E, Girard C, Horlow C, Wassmann K, Schnittger A, De Veylder L, Mercier R. OSD1 promotes meiotic progression via APC/C inhibition and forms a regulatory network with TDM and CYCA1;2/TAM. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002865. [PMID: 22844260 PMCID: PMC3406007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle control is modified at meiosis compared to mitosis, because two divisions follow a single DNA replication event. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) promote progression through both meiosis and mitosis, and a central regulator of their activity is the APC/C (Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome) that is especially required for exit from mitosis. We have shown previously that OSD1 is involved in entry into both meiosis I and meiosis II in Arabidopsis thaliana; however, the molecular mechanism by which OSD1 controls these transitions has remained unclear. Here we show that OSD1 promotes meiotic progression through APC/C inhibition. Next, we explored the functional relationships between OSD1 and the genes known to control meiotic cell cycle transitions in Arabidopsis. Like osd1, cyca1;2/tam mutation leads to a premature exit from meiosis after the first division, while tdm mutants perform an aberrant third meiotic division after normal meiosis I and II. Remarkably, while tdm is epistatic to tam, osd1 is epistatic to tdm. We further show that the expression of a non-destructible CYCA1;2/TAM provokes, like tdm, the entry into a third meiotic division. Finally, we show that CYCA1;2/TAM forms an active complex with CDKA;1 that can phosphorylate OSD1 in vitro. We thus propose that a functional network composed of OSD1, CYCA1;2/TAM, and TDM controls three key steps of meiotic progression, in which OSD1 is a meiotic APC/C inhibitor. In the life cycle of sexual organisms, a specialized cell division—meiosis—reduces the number of chromosomes from two sets (2n, diploid) to one set (n, haploid), while fertilization restores the original chromosome number. Meiosis reduces ploidy because it consists of two cellular divisions following a single DNA replication. In this study, we analyze the function of a group of genes that collectively controls the entry into the first meiotic division, the entry into the second meiotic division, and the exit from meiosis in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We revealed a complex regulation network that controls these three key transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Cromer
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Touati
- UMPC University of Paris 6, UMR7622, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Hirofumi Harashima
- IBMP, UPR2357 du CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- Trinationales Institut fuer Pflanzenforschung, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emilie Araou
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Chloe Girard
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Christine Horlow
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
| | - Katja Wassmann
- UMPC University of Paris 6, UMR7622, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Arp Schnittger
- IBMP, UPR2357 du CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- Trinationales Institut fuer Pflanzenforschung, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Raphael Mercier
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France
- * E-mail:
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Jarmoszewicz K, Łukasiak K, Riezman H, Kaminska J. Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase is required for protein trafficking in Saccharomyces cerevisiae COPI mutants. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39582. [PMID: 22761830 PMCID: PMC3383674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde trafficking from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depends on the formation of vesicles coated with the multiprotein complex COPI. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae ubiquitinated derivatives of several COPI subunits have been identified. The importance of this modification of COPI proteins is unknown. With the exception of the Sec27 protein (β'COP) neither the ubiquitin ligase responsible for ubiquitination of COPI subunits nor the importance of this modification are known. Here we find that the ubiquitin ligase mutation, rsp5-1, has a negative effect that is additive with ret1-1 and sec28Δ mutations, in genes encoding α- and ε-COP, respectively. The double ret1-1 rsp5-1 mutant is also more severely defective in the Golgi-to-ER trafficking compared to the single ret1-1, secreting more of the ER chaperone Kar2p, localizing Rer1p mostly to the vacuole, and increasing sensitivity to neomycin. Overexpression of ubiquitin in ret1-1 rsp5-1 mutant suppresses vacuolar accumulation of Rer1p. We found that the effect of rsp5 mutation on the Golgi-to-ER trafficking is similar to that of sla1Δ mutation in a gene encoding actin cytoskeleton proteins, an Rsp5p substrate. Additionally, Rsp5 and Sla1 proteins were found by co-immunoprecipitation in a complex containing COPI subunits. Together, our results show that Rsp5 ligase plays a role in regulating retrograde Golgi-to-ER trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jarmoszewicz
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Łukasiak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Kaminska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Joyce EF, Williams BR, Xie T, Wu CT. Identification of genes that promote or antagonize somatic homolog pairing using a high-throughput FISH-based screen. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002667. [PMID: 22589731 PMCID: PMC3349724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pairing of homologous chromosomes is a fundamental feature of the meiotic cell. In addition, a number of species exhibit homolog pairing in nonmeiotic, somatic cells as well, with evidence for its impact on both gene regulation and double-strand break (DSB) repair. An extreme example of somatic pairing can be observed in Drosophila melanogaster, where homologous chromosomes remain aligned throughout most of development. However, our understanding of the mechanism of somatic homolog pairing remains unclear, as only a few genes have been implicated in this process. In this study, we introduce a novel high-throughput fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technology that enabled us to conduct a genome-wide RNAi screen for factors involved in the robust somatic pairing observed in Drosophila. We identified both candidate "pairing promoting genes" and candidate "anti-pairing genes," providing evidence that pairing is a dynamic process that can be both enhanced and antagonized. Many of the genes found to be important for promoting pairing are highly enriched for functions associated with mitotic cell division, suggesting a genetic framework for a long-standing link between chromosome dynamics during mitosis and nuclear organization during interphase. In contrast, several of the candidate anti-pairing genes have known interphase functions associated with S-phase progression, DNA replication, and chromatin compaction, including several components of the condensin II complex. In combination with a variety of secondary assays, these results provide insights into the mechanism and dynamics of somatic pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric F. Joyce
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tiao Xie
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Image and Data Analysis Core, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - C.-ting Wu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Marrocco K, Criqui MC, Zervudacki J, Schott G, Eisler H, Parnet A, Dunoyer P, Genschik P. APC/C-mediated degradation of dsRNA-binding protein 4 (DRB4) involved in RNA silencing. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35173. [PMID: 22545099 PMCID: PMC3335838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selective protein degradation via the ubiquitin-26S proteasome is a major mechanism underlying DNA replication and cell division in all Eukaryotes. In particular, the APC/C (Anaphase Promoting Complex or Cyclosome) is a master ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) that targets regulatory proteins for degradation allowing sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis. Interestingly, recent work also indicates that the APC/C remains active in differentiated animal and plant cells. However, its role in post-mitotic cells remains elusive and only a few substrates have been characterized. Methodology/Principal Findings In order to identify novel APC/C substrates, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen using as the bait Arabidopsis APC10/DOC1, one core subunit of the APC/C, which is required for substrate recruitment. This screen identified DRB4, a double-stranded RNA binding protein involved in the biogenesis of different classes of small RNA (sRNA). This protein interaction was further confirmed in vitro and in plant cells. Moreover, APC10 interacts with DRB4 through the second dsRNA binding motif (dsRBD2) of DRB4, which is also required for its homodimerization and binding to its Dicer partner DCL4. We further showed that DRB4 protein accumulates when the proteasome is inactivated and, most importantly, we found that DRB4 stability depends on APC/C activity. Hence, depletion of Arabidopsis APC/C activity by RNAi leads to a strong accumulation of endogenous DRB4, far beyond its normal level of accumulation. However, we could not detect any defects in sRNA production in lines where DRB4 was overexpressed. Conclusions/Significance Our work identified a first plant substrate of the APC/C, which is not a regulator of the cell cycle. Though we cannot exclude that APC/C-dependent degradation of DRB4 has some regulatory roles under specific growth conditions, our work rather points to a housekeeping function of APC/C in maintaining precise cellular-protein concentrations and homeostasis of DRB4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Marrocco
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Claire Criqui
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme Zervudacki
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gregory Schott
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Herfried Eisler
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aude Parnet
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrice Dunoyer
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail:
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42
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Su'udi M, Cha JY, Jung MH, Ermawati N, Han CD, Kim MG, Woo YM, Son D. Potential role of the rice OsCCS52A gene in endoreduplication. Planta 2012; 235:387-397. [PMID: 21927949 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G1, S, G2 and M. In certain condition, the cells skip M-phase and undergo endoreduplication. Endoreduplication, occurring during a modified cell cycle, duplicates the entire genome without being followed by M-phase. A cycle of endoreduplication is common in most of the differentiated cells of plant vegetative tissues and it occurs extensively in cereal endosperm cells. Endoreduplication occurs when CDK/Cyclin complex low or inactive caused by ubiquitin-mediated degradation by APC and their activators. In this study, rice cell cycle switch 52 A (OsCCS52A), an APC activator, is functionally characterized using the reverse genetic approach. In rice, OsCCS52A is highly expressed in seedlings, flowers, immature panicles and 15 DAP kernels. Localization studies revealed that OsCCS52A is a nuclear protein. OsCCS52A interacts with OsCdc16 in yeast. In addition, overexpression of OsCCS52A inhibits mitotic cell division and induces endoreduplication and cell elongation in fission yeast. The homozygous mutant exhibits dwarfism and smaller seeds. Further analysis demonstrated that endoreduplication cycles in the endosperm of mutant seeds were disturbed, evidenced by reduced nuclear and cell sizes. Taken together, these results suggest that OsCCS52A is involved in maintaining normal seed size formation by mediating the exit from mitotic cell division to enter the endoreduplication cycles in rice endosperm.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Enlargement
- Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Size
- Cloning, Molecular
- Crops, Agricultural/genetics
- Crops, Agricultural/growth & development
- Crops, Agricultural/metabolism
- Endosperm/genetics
- Endosperm/growth & development
- Endosperm/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genes, Plant
- Mitosis
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Open Reading Frames
- Oryza/genetics
- Oryza/growth & development
- Oryza/metabolism
- Plant Components, Aerial/genetics
- Plant Components, Aerial/growth & development
- Plant Components, Aerial/metabolism
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plant Roots/genetics
- Plant Roots/metabolism
- Pollination
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- Schizosaccharomyces/genetics
- Schizosaccharomyces/metabolism
- Seedlings/genetics
- Seedlings/growth & development
- Seedlings/metabolism
- Transformation, Genetic
- Two-Hybrid System Techniques
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamad Su'udi
- Division of Applied Life Science, BK21 Program, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Awasthi A, Paul P, Kumar S, Verma SK, Prasad R, Dhaliwal HS. Abnormal endosperm development causes female sterility in rice insertional mutant OsAPC6. Plant Sci 2012; 183:167-174. [PMID: 22195590 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A T-DNA insertional mutant OsAPC6 of rice, with gibberellic acid insensitivity and reduced height, had up to 45% reduced seed set. The insertion occurred on chromosome 3 of rice in the gene encoding one of the subunits of anaphase promoting complex/Cyclosome APC6. The primary mother cells of the mutant plants had normal meiosis, male gametophyte development and pollen viability. Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) studies of megagametophyte development showed abnormal mitotic divisions with reduced number or total absence of polar nuclei in about 30-35% megagametophytes of OsAPC6 mutant leading to failure of endosperm and hence embryo and seed development. Abnormal female gametophyte development, high sterility and segregation of tall and gibberellic acid sensitive plants without selectable marker Hpt in the selfed progeny of OsAPC6 mutant plants indicate that the mutant could be maintained in heterozygous condition. The abnormal mitotic divisions during megagametogenesis could be attributed to the inactivation of the APC6/CDC16 of anaphase promoting complex of rice responsible for cell cycle progression during megagametogenesis. Functional validation of the candidate gene through transcriptome profiling and RNAi is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Awasthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247667 India
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Zich J, Sochaj A, Syred H, Milne L, Cook A, Ohkura H, Rappsilber J, Hardwick K. Kinase activity of fission yeast Mph1 is required for Mad2 and Mad3 to stably bind the anaphase promoting complex. Curr Biol 2012; 22:296-301. [PMID: 22281223 PMCID: PMC3315010 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Defects in chromosome segregation result in aneuploidy, which can lead to disease or cell death [1, 2]. The spindle checkpoint delays anaphase onset until all chromosomes are attached to spindle microtubules in a bipolar fashion [3, 4]. Mad2 is a key checkpoint component that undergoes conformational activation, catalyzed by a Mad1-Mad2 template enriched at unattached kinetochores [5]. Mad2 and Mad3 (BubR1) then bind and inhibit Cdc20 to form the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which binds and inhibits the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C). Checkpoint kinases (Aurora, Bub1, and Mps1) are critical for checkpoint signaling, yet they have poorly defined roles and few substrates have been identified [6–8]. Here we demonstrate that a kinase-dead allele of the fission yeast MPS1 homolog (Mph1) is checkpoint defective and that levels of APC/C-associated Mad2 and Mad3 are dramatically reduced in this mutant. Thus, MCC binding to fission yeast APC/C is dependent on Mph1 kinase activity. We map and mutate several phosphorylation sites in Mad2, producing mutants that display reduced Cdc20-APC/C binding and an inability to maintain checkpoint arrest. We conclude that Mph1 kinase regulates the association of Mad2 with its binding partners and thereby mitotic arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Zich
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Alicja M. Sochaj
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Heather M. Syred
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Laura Milne
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Atlanta G. Cook
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Hiro Ohkura
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Kevin G. Hardwick
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
- Corresponding author
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Heyman J, Van den Daele H, De Wit K, Boudolf V, Berckmans B, Verkest A, Kamei CLA, De Jaeger G, Koncz C, De Veylder L. Arabidopsis ULTRAVIOLET-B-INSENSITIVE4 maintains cell division activity by temporal inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome. Plant Cell 2011; 23:4394-410. [PMID: 22167059 PMCID: PMC3269873 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a multisubunit ubiquitin ligase that regulates progression through the cell cycle by marking key cell division proteins for destruction. To ensure correct cell cycle progression, accurate timing of APC/C activity is important, which is obtained through its association with both activating and inhibitory subunits. However, although the APC/C is highly conserved among eukaryotes, no APC/C inhibitors are known in plants. Recently, we have identified ULTRAVIOLET-B-INSENSITIVE4 (UVI4) as a plant-specific component of the APC/C. Here, we demonstrate that UVI4 uses conserved APC/C interaction motifs to counteract the activity of the CELL CYCLE SWITCH52 A1 (CCS52A1) activator subunit, inhibiting the turnover of the A-type cyclin CYCA2;3. UVI4 is expressed in an S phase-dependent fashion, likely through the action of E2F transcription factors. Correspondingly, uvi4 mutant plants failed to accumulate CYCA2;3 during the S phase and prematurely exited the cell cycle, triggering the onset of the endocycle. We conclude that UVI4 regulates the temporal inactivation of APC/C during DNA replication, allowing CYCA2;3 to accumulate above the level required for entering mitosis, and thereby regulates the meristem size and plant growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Van den Daele
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin De Wit
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Véronique Boudolf
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara Berckmans
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurine Verkest
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claire Lessa Alvim Kamei
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Csaba Koncz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, D–50829 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H–6723 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Address correspondence to
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Iwata E, Ikeda S, Matsunaga S, Kurata M, Yoshioka Y, Criqui MC, Genschik P, Ito M. GIGAS CELL1, a novel negative regulator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, is required for proper mitotic progression and cell fate determination in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2011; 23:4382-93. [PMID: 22167058 PMCID: PMC3269872 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.092049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased cellular ploidy is widespread during developmental processes of multicellular organisms, especially in plants. Elevated ploidy levels are typically achieved either by endoreplication or endomitosis, which are often regarded as modified cell cycles that lack an M phase either entirely or partially. We identified GIGAS CELL1 (GIG1)/OMISSION OF SECOND DIVISION1 (OSD1) and established that mutation of this gene triggered ectopic endomitosis. On the other hand, it has been reported that a paralog of GIG1/OSD1, UV-INSENSITIVE4 (UVI4), negatively regulates endoreplication onset in Arabidopsis thaliana. We showed that GIG1/OSD1 and UVI4 encode novel plant-specific inhibitors of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase. These proteins physically interact with APC/C activators, CDC20/FZY and CDH1/FZR, in yeast two-hybrid assays. Overexpression of CDC20.1 and CCS52B/FZR3 differentially promoted ectopic endomitosis in gig1/osd1 and premature occurrence of endoreplication in uvi4. Our data suggest that GIG1/OSD1 and UVI4 may prevent an unscheduled increase in cellular ploidy by preferentially inhibiting APC/C(CDC20) and APC/C(FZR), respectively. Generation of cells with a mixed identity in gig1/osd1 further suggested that the APC/C may have an unexpected role for cell fate determination in addition to its role for proper mitotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Iwata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Saki Ikeda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mariko Kurata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yoshioka
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Marie-Claire Criqui
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Masaki Ito
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Address correspondence to
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Cholbinski P, Jastrzebska Z, Wysocka-Kapcinska M, Plochocka D, Gornicka A, Hopper AK, Zoladek T. Yeast ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 contains nuclear localization and export signals. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 90:834-43. [PMID: 21868125 PMCID: PMC3167943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase regulates numerous cellular processes. Rsp5 is mainly localized to the cytoplasm but nuclear localization was also reported. A potential nuclear export signal was tested for activity by using a GFP(2) reporter. The 687-LIGGIAEIDI-696 sequence located in the Hect domain was identified as a nuclear export signal active in a Crm1-dependent manner, and its importance for the localization of Rsp5 was documented by using fluorescence microscopy and a lacZ-based reporter system. Analysis of the cellular location of other Rsp5 fragments fused with GFP(2) indicated two independent potential nuclear localization signals, both located in the Hect domain. We also uncovered Rsp5 fragments that are important to targeting/tethering Rsp5 to various regions in the cytoplasm. The presented data indicate that Rsp5 ligase is a shuttling protein whose distribution within the cytoplasm and partitioning between cytoplasmic and nuclear locations is determined by a balance between the actions of several targeting sequences and domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Cholbinski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zaneta Jastrzebska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Danuta Plochocka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gornicka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Teresa Zoladek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Kwan EX, Foss E, Kruglyak L, Bedalov A. Natural polymorphism in BUL2 links cellular amino acid availability with chronological aging and telomere maintenance in yeast. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002250. [PMID: 21901113 PMCID: PMC3161923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and longevity are considered to be highly complex genetic traits. In order to gain insight into aging as a polygenic trait, we employed an outbred Saccharomyces cerevisiae model, generated by crossing a vineyard strain RM11 and a laboratory strain S288c, to identify quantitative trait loci that control chronological lifespan. Among the major loci that regulate chronological lifespan in this cross, one genetic linkage was found to be congruent with a previously mapped locus that controls telomere length variation. We found that a single nucleotide polymorphism in BUL2, encoding a component of an ubiquitin ligase complex involved in trafficking of amino acid permeases, controls chronological lifespan and telomere length as well as amino acid uptake. Cellular amino acid availability changes conferred by the BUL2 polymorphism alter telomere length by modulating activity of a transcription factor Gln3. Among the GLN3 transcriptional targets relevant to this phenotype, we identified Wtm1, whose upregulation promotes nuclear retention of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) components and inhibits the assembly of the RNR enzyme complex during S-phase. Inhibition of RNR is one of the mechanisms by which Gln3 modulates telomere length. Identification of a polymorphism in BUL2 in this outbred yeast population revealed a link among cellular amino acid availability, chronological lifespan, and telomere length control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth X. Kwan
- Clinical Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Eric Foss
- Clinical Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Leonid Kruglyak
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Antonio Bedalov
- Clinical Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Rsp5p is a conserved HECT-domain ubiquitin ligase with diverse roles in cellular physiology. Here we report a previously unknown role of Rsp5p in facilitating the stability of the cytoplasmic ribosome pool in budding yeast. Yeast strains carrying temperature-sensitive mutations in RSP5 showed a progressive decline in levels of 18S and 25S rRNAs and accumulation of rRNA decay fragments when cells grown in rich medium were shifted to restrictive temperature. This was accompanied by a decreased number of translating ribosomes and the appearance of ribosomal subunits with an abnormally low sedimentation rate in polysome analysis. Abrogating Rsp5p function affected stability of other tested noncoding RNA species (tRNA and snoRNA), but to a lower extent than that of rRNA, and also inhibited processing of rRNA and tRNA precursors, in agreement with previous studies. The breakdown of cellular ribosomes was not affected by deletion of key genes involved in autophagy, previously implicated in ribosome turnover upon starvation. Our results suggest that functional Rsp5p is required to maintain the integrity of cytoplasmic ribosomes under rich nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Shcherbik
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, USA
| | - Dimitri G. Pestov
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, USA
- Corresponding author.E-mail .
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Chen MJ, Wong CHY, Peng ZF, Manikandan J, Melendez AJ, Tan TM, Crack PJ, Cheung NS. A global transcriptomic view of the multifaceted role of glutathione peroxidase-1 in cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:736-48. [PMID: 21193029 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Transient cerebral ischemia often results in secondary ischemic/reperfusion injury, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. This study provides a comprehensive, temporal description of the molecular events contributing to neuronal injury after transient cerebral ischemia. Intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to induce a 2-h ischemia with reperfusion. Microarray analysis was then performed on the infarct cortex of wild-type (WT) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (a major antioxidant enzyme) knockout (Gpx1(-/-)) mice at 8 and 24h postreperfusion to identify differential gene expression profile patterns and potential alternative injury cascades in the absence of Gpx1, a crucial antioxidant enzyme, in cerebral ischemia. Genes with at least ±1.5-fold change in expression at either time point were considered significant. Global transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that 70% of the WT-MCAO profile overlapped with that of Gpx1(-/-)-MCAO, and 28% vice versa. Critical analysis of the 1034 gene probes specific to the Gpx1(-/-)-MCAO profile revealed regulation of additional novel pathways, including the p53-mediated proapoptotic pathway and Fas ligand (CD95/Apo1)-mediated pathways; downplay of the Nrf2 antioxidative cascade; and ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction. Therefore, this comparative study forms the foundation for the establishment of screening platforms for target definition in acute cerebral ischemia intervention.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fas Ligand Protein/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genes, p53
- Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics
- Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/genetics
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/metabolism
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology
- Inflammation
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/genetics
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/metabolism
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reactive Oxygen Species
- Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Reperfusion Injury/surgery
- Signal Transduction
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/genetics
- Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1
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