Mortality by sex, age, and cause of death, in European and highly developed extra-European countries in the years 1960-1984

"A comparative analysis of mortality, in which standardized death rates...were used, was conducted for 24 European and 5...[other] developed countries. The analysis shows that in spite of medical progress in fighting high mortality stemming from primary sources (diseases of [the] circulatory system and malignant neoplasms), its very high level is still registered in many Middle and Eastern European countries (especially in Hungary, in former Czechoslovakia and Poland). A high increase of premature mortality of men aged 45-64 is also observed."

Validation and application of U.N. model life tables against Thailand data, 1973-1983

The author applies models of age and sex mortality, developed by the United Nations in 1982 for developing countries, to data for Thailand for the years 1973-1983. Following a discussion of the development of the four mortality patterns and their models, the author traces changes in Thailand's mortality trends using the U.N. model life tables. "This study reveals the change of mortality patterns in Thailand, moving from [the] Latin American to [the] Far Eastern pattern.... The proportional mortality ratio of population over 60 years of age has gradually increased from 28.7% in 1973 to 42.0% in 1983 and the sex ratio of mortality in this group [has] also slightly increased during this decade." (SUMMARY IN TUR)

[Suicide in Turkey]

"This paper mainly deals with the socio-demographic characteristics and sex differentials of persons [committing] suicide [in Turkey] on the basis of the 1990 Suicide Statistics.... Causes of suicide and suicide methods are also [discussed].... There is a strong relationship between socio-demographic factors, such as urbanization, aging and household patterns and suicide rates." The impact of sex roles and socialization is considered. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Selective effects of marriage migrations on the population redistribution in a hierarchical regional system of Japan

"Based on the data on 11,470 household heads and spouses in a national survey [in Japan], this paper studies the selective effects of marriage migrations on five types of prefectures: (1) metropolitan core, (2) suburban, (3) regional growth pole, (4) peripheral non-kaso, and (5) peripheral kaso prefectures. The selective effects are examined in terms of five personal factors: sex, nativity, education, period of marriage, and sibling status.... Primary and onward migrations were much more important than return migrations so that marriage migrations increased the non-native's share of the population of every type of [prefecture]. Marriage migrations resulted in further deterioration of the quality of human capital in peripheral prefectures. The transition from high to moderate economic growth in the early 1970s was accompanied by sharp reversals in the net transfers of marriage migrants in metropolitan cores and regional growth poles in opposite directions." (SUMMARY IN JPN)

Gender, age and the marriage market: evidence on marriage in late adulthood in Russia

"In this paper I explore one specific type of informal support, marital unions, and the ways in which patterns suggest differential access to this support mechanism based on age and sex. Through an examination of marriage patterns in the Russian Federation I show that women may be disadvantaged by low levels of access to marital unions past the age of 50 due to high differential mortality and age differentials at marriage. For both sexes, the probability of marital entrance is negatively related to age, but the negative influence of age follows different paths for men and women. In spite of high sex differentials in mortality, findings indicate that men, over 50 and outside of marital unions, are far more likely to marry than their female counterparts regardless of residence or age."

[The Latin American immigrant population in Germany: some socio-demographic characteristics]

"Initially the migrants from Latin America in the former West Germany [represented] 1% of the total migrant population; currently, their annual rate of growth is 5%. This population is mainly represented by Brazilians, Chileans, Peruvians and Argentines. However, since 1984, Chileans and Argentines have begun a [return] movement to their countries....[The] high volume of female migrants...is directly related to a high demand in the [service] sector...." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Population growth, sex ratios, and women's work on the contemporary Amazon frontier

"This paper uses 1991 census and 1990 survey data from Brazil to test hypotheses regarding the relationship between population growth (most of which stems from immigration), sex ratios, and women's labor force participation on the Amazon frontier. Strong evidence supports the link between population growth and sex ratios, though significant local variation exists. The relationship between sex ratios and gender roles, especially female labor force participation and occupational mobility, is less clear and appears variable."

[Mortality in past centuries]

"Mortality and life expectancy over a time period of 300 years were studied for a relatively large village population [in Germany]. From synchronous and diachronous comparisons of the data concerning different social classes of this village (subdivided according to their sex and age, social rank, number of children/family and birth rank, registration of orphans, half-orphans, illegitimate children as well as progeny of old parents and children with a high inbreeding degree, and interpretation of causes of death) significant differences in mortality were deduced." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Epidemiological evaluation of death risk from cardiovascular diseases among Polish population of working age

"The aim of the study was an evaluation of death risk among men and women of working age exposed to cardiovascular risk factors. The survey covered random samples of the population living in the regions of Wroclaw and Ciechanow, [Poland,] including families of all who died from cardiovascular diseases in 1988.... The results of demographic analyses [indicate] that social factors exerting a negative effect on health behaviours are responsible for high mortality in males. Moreover, difficulties of Polish life place additional stress on male population.... For each from among 18 analysed factors the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases was several times higher in exposed males than in females."

[On mortality in the Czech Republic]

"In this article, Czech mortality rates are inspected in a new perspective...the levels of mortality constructed in Coale's and Demeny's Regional Model Life Tables and in Coale's and Guang Guo's revised edition of the life tables. Czech male and female life expectancies are also contrasted with hypothetical ones computed by means of Coale's equation which sets a 'standard' pattern of life expectancy development in low mortality societies." The impact of past political and social systems is also considered. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)

Internal migration in Thailand

"Internal migration of the population of Thailand involves a number of distinct forms of movement. Three forms are identified in this research: single-move, seasonal and repeat. The first can be treated as long-term migration while the latter two are more temporary. All forms are characterized by different geographical flows and different selectivity patterns. Long-term migration is highly selective of young adults, females and the more highly educated. It is most likely to occur between urban areas or from rural to urban areas. Temporary migration mainly involves movement back and forth between urban and rural places and is most likely to be engaged in by those with a medium level of education."

[[Abnormal trends in mortality for birth cohorts born around 1930]]

Variations in mortality in Japan for cohorts born during the period 1927-1932 are analyzed and compared. "Abnormal trends in mortalities...were clearly observed among males, starting at [the] age of 35...for all causes and many of the main chronic degenerative diseases.... Susceptibilities for those diseases might have been induced by poor nutritional conditions [that] prevailed...due to the social and economic chaos just after the World War II." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Small town development and urban illiteracy: comparative evidence from Leicestershire marriage registers 1754-1890

"Based on the analysis of Anglican marriage registers for the period 1754 to 1890, the article explores patterns of illiteracy in three small Leicestershire [England] towns with contrasting economic functions. Illiteracy levels were closely related to urban occupational and social structures, which also affected distinct gender differentials. Evidence [of] the effect of literacy on age at marriage and marriage distance suggests that demographic behaviour and spatial interaction were determined more by socio-economic factors than by the possession of literacy skills. Literacy attainment, however, was linked to extended marriage distances when both spouses could sign the register."

Sex differences in mortality among young children in the Sahel

"This article studied sex differences in mortality among children aged 1-23 months in the cities of Bamako [Mali] and Bobo-Dioulasso [Burkina Faso] and in a rural area of Senegal. No significant differences between male and female mortality risks were found in any of the areas for the full age span of 1-23 months. For smaller age groups, patterns of excess female and male child mortality are evident. Excess female mortality, statistically significant in standard tests, exists among children aged 1-8 months in the Senegalese area and 6-15 months in the combined urban areas of Bamako and Bobo-Dioulasso. Excess male mortality occurs for ages 16-23 months in the city of Bamako."

Mortality in Poland in the period 1950-1990

"In this paper, crude, specific [mortality] rates as well as nonstandardized and standardized indices of regional mortality differentials are analysed [for Poland] for the period 1950-1990, in order to show mortality differentiation, its increase by age, sex, and place of residence. Taking into account cause specific death rates, the pattern of causes of deaths was found to be similar to that existing in the western countries, although the level of standardized mortality is higher in Poland. Values of calculated indices of regional mortality differentials point to significant differences in mortality by voivodship."